MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
SOURCE TESTING—EPA TASK NO. 9
STANDARD OIL COMPANY
El Segundo, California
by
E. P. Shea
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Kansas City, Missouri 64110
EPA Contract No. 68-02-0228
(MRI Project No. 3585-C)
REPORT
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE 425 VOLKER BOULEVARD, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 64110 • AREA 816 561-0202
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MRI WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-1522 K STREET, N.W. • 202 293-3800
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SOURCE TESTING—EPA TASK NO. 9
PC -If)
STANDARD OIL COMPANY
El Segundo, California
by
E. P. Shea
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Kansas City, Missouri 64110
EPA Contract No. 68-02-0228
(MRI Project No. 3585-C)
MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE 425 VOLKER BOULEVARD, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 64110 • 816561-0202
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I. TABLE OF CONTENTS
II. Introduction 2
III. Summary of Results 4
IV. Sampling and Analytical Equipment and Procedures 20
V. Location of Sampling Points. ................ 30
VI. Process Operating Conditions . . . 32
Appendix A . 33
Appendix B 41
Appendix C 57
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II. INTRODUCTION
Under the Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended, the Environmental
Protection Agency is charged with the establishment of performance stan-
dards for stationary source categories which may contribute significantly
to air pollution. A performance standard is a standard for emissions of
air pollutants which reflects emission limitations attainable through the
best emission reduction systems that have been adequately demonstrated
(taking into account economic considerations).
The development of realistic performance standards requires
accurate data on pollution emissions within the various source categories.
Sampling and analytical techniques had to be developed to acquire the data.
A method for analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) from CO boilers is needed
for the petroleum refining industry. The nondispersive infrared analyzer
(NDIR) for very low concentrations of carbon monoxide is an instrument
that can be used. However, carbon dioxide (C02) interferes in this analy-
sis. This report presents the results of the tests run at Standard Oil of
California's El Segundo plant for EPA for its determination of: (1) the
applicability of the NDIR to CO analysis, and (2) interference from C02 in
the range of concentrations normally encountered in a CO boiler stack.
Appendix A presents a proposed method developed by EPA to sample
and analyse for CO. This method, with modifications, was applied for these
tests. MRI did not attempt to concentrate on comprehensive method refine-
ment. Rather, using mutually accepted modifications, we collected samples
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persuant to the method and analyzed them. Our comments are limited to observa-
tions in using the method and on potential variations detected between runs.
On Monday, 27 March 1972, the equipment was shipped to California
and E. P. Shea (MRI) and W. E. Kelly (EPA) arrived to transport the equip-
ment to the El Segundo refinery and do the test work. Tuesday, the 28th
of March, the equipment was delivered to the test site and preparations
made for sampling and analysis. A preliminary velocity and temperature
profile was obtained for reference with earlier traverse results, and the
NDIR was calibrated for use.
Four independent integrated gas samples were collected in Tedlar*
bags on 29 March, and again on 30 March 1972. The samples are identified as
Runs 1 through 8. The samples were analyzed in the field on the same dates.
An S shaped pitot tube with a thermocouple installed on it was used for
velocity and temperature measurements.
Samples were collected from a port 55 ft above the inlet breech-
ing in a stack with an inside diameter of 13 ft 10 in. A 5-ft, glass-lined
probe was used to withdraw gas samples from the CO boiler stack into an
integrated gas bag. The sampling point was 42 in. from the inside wall of
the stack, and was located at 90 degrees from the inlet breeching.
The following sections of the report treat: (1) the summary of
results; (2) the description of sampling and analytical procedures; (3) the
location of sampling point; and (4) process operating conditions.
* Mention of a specific company or product does not constitute endorsement
by EPA.
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III. SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Table I presents a summary of results from the CO and C02 analy-
sis. There were a total of eight sampling and analytical runs. Table II
shows the results of the velocity and temperature profiles. The following
discussion presents characteristics of each sample run. Results between
runs cannot be accurately compared since process variations are undefined;
however, we present variations.
Table I contains the calculated values for gas volume sampled by
the NDIR, the volume of CC>2 trapped by the ascarite, total sample volume
analyzed, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the percent CC>2 obtained
from the absorption of ascarite and by Orsat analysis, and the concentration
of CO unscrubbed. The data are presented by run number and by date. The
volume analyzed on the first day varied from 0.168 to 0.520 dry standard*
cubic feet. The volume varied according to the length of time for analysis.
Run No. 1 only lasted 7 rain and 0.168 dscf was analyzed. The other runs
lasted from 22 to 31 min and volume varied from 0.405 dscf to 0.520 dscf.
The volume of C02 varied from 0.0036 dscf on Run No. 1 to 0.0935 dscf on
Run No. 3. Run No. 1 was too short and the results for C02, (2.1%) illus-
trate it. On Run No. 3, water was not put into the ice bath and the ascarite
heated up. The results for C02 (18.8%) and CO (23.6 ppm) for this run show
the need for the ice water bath in removing the heat generated in the absorp-
tion of C02 by the caustic in the ascarite.
* 70°F, 29.92 in. Hg
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TABLE I
SUMMARY OF RESULTS WITH SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Run No. 1 2 3 4 5 6_ 7. i
Date 3/29/72 3/29/72 3/29/72 3/29/72 3/30/72 3/30/72 3/30/72 3/30/72
VMC std dcf 0.168 0.515 0.405 0.520 0.278 0.282 0.260 0.198
Vco std dcf 0.0036 0.0423 0.0935 0.0648 0.039 0.0649 0.0648 0.0202
Vs std dcf 0.1716 0.5573 0.4985 0.5848 0.3165 0.3469 0.3243 0.2182
Cco ppm 12.25 11.6
% C02 2.1 7.6
% C02 Orsat
C£Q (unscrubbed
sample) ppm -- 17.6 — 17.4 16.2 12.2 16.0 14.5
A wta grams 0.2001 2.4092 5.2301 3.6102 2.1789 3.6140 2.1023 1.124
Sample Calculations, Run No. 2:
Standard conditions 70°F and 29.92 in. Hg (dry).
1. Gas volume
„ 17 ,, °R ( VM cu ft PM in. He}
23.6
18.8
_ _
11.6
11.1
_ _
4.4
12.3
12.4
5.7
18.7
9.4
7.2
12,7
13.6
5.4
9.3
13.6
VMC - v>
in. Hg V. TM °R
VMC - 17.71 °R (0.5235 cu ft 29.97 in. Hg\ = Q.515 dscf
in. Hg V 540°R J
2. Volume of carbon dioxide collected
VC02 = 0.01797 Awta
VCQ - 0.01797 cu ft x 2.4092 g = 0.0423 dscf
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TABLE I (Continued)
3. Sample volume
VS = VMC + VH20 + VC0 Assume VH2Q = 0
Vs = 0.515 dscf + 0.0423 dscf = 0.5573 dscf
4. Concentration of carbon monoxide
c _ c
ccos CCOM
C _ =12.5 ppm x 0.515 dscf =11.6 ppm
C°s 0.5573 dscf
5. Percent carbon dioxide
f
% C0 = - ?— x 100
% C02 = 0.0423 dscf x 100 = 7.67,
0.5150 dscf + 0.0423 dscf
6. Concentration of CO in the unscrubbed sample
cco = cc, (u.s.) x C!MC)
n \.VS '
Cco = 19.0 ppm x 0.515 dscf = 17.6 ppm
0.5573 dscf
VMC = Dry gas volume through meter at standard conditions cu ft (DSCF)
VM = Dry gas volume measured by meter cu ft (DCF)
PM = Barometric pressure at dry gas meter in. Hg.
PSTD = Pressure at standard conditions 29.92 in. Hg.
TSTD = Absolute temperature at standard conditions, 530°R.
TM = Absolute temperature at meter °R.
Vs = Volume of sample at standard conditions (DSCF).
= Concentration of CO in sample ppm by volume.
s
Ccom = Concentration of CO measured by NDIR Analyzer ppm by volume.
VC02 = Volume of C02 collected at standard conditions cu ft dry.
A wta « Weight change in ascarite impinger in grams.
(U.S.) = Concentration of CO measured by NDIR analyzer ppm by volume,
unscrubbed.
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TABLE II
STACK VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE*
Run
No.
Special
5 and 6
7 and 8
Equation
Date
3/28/72
3/30/72 (a.m.)
3/30/72 (p.m.)
V~ Avc- ffnm^ =
AP Avg.
in. H20
0.445
0.313
0.306
= K C (
JAP Avg.
in. H20
0.676
0.555
0.554
n
. 1 AP AvelO
TS Av§-
°R
1237
1233
1225
Cs Avg
PSMS
K = 85.48 ft/sec
Ib
Ib mol °RJ
Cp = 0.85 (pitot coefficient)
MS = 27.1 Ib/lb-mole
PS = 29.93 in. Hg
vs
(ft/min) Port
3,630 W
3,000 N
2,970 N
sec/min
* Federal Register. 23 December 1971, p. 24884, Method 2,
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The values for CO in Runs Nos. 1, 2 and 4 are very close: 12.25, 11.6 and
11.6 ppm. The unscrubbed values for CO in Runs Nos. 2 and 4 show the CO
contributed about 6 ppm to the CO reading on the NDIR.
The results for the second day of sampling for CO show a variation
of 4.4 ppm to 7.2 ppm CO. The C02 results from the absorption of ascarite
are close except for Run No. 6 (18.7%); they vary from 9.3% to 12.7%. The
unscrubbed CO values are reasonably close for the four runs on the second
day with the exception of Run No. 6. They show an average C02 contribution
to the NDIR reading for CO of about 10 ppm. The values range from approxi-
mately 7 to 12 ppm. The Orsat results for G02, with the exception of Run
No. 6, are reasonably close. The average C02 concentration for Runs Nos.
5 (12.4%), 7 and 8 (13.6%) is 13.2%. While performing the Orsat analysis
in Run No. 6, the bag was ruptured by excessive pressure. This bag was
discarded and a new one installed in the holder before collecting Samples
Nos. 7 and 8.
The velocity of the stack gas in Table II varies from 2,970 fpm
to 3,630 fpm with an average of 3,200 fpm and the temperature varies from
1225°R to 1237°R with an average of 1232°R.
In Runs Nos. 2 through 8, the ascarite impinger was removed after
analyzing the gas stream for CO and the gas passed through the rest of the
equipment to assess the effect of C02 on the NDIR results. Figures 1 through
8 are the charts from the recorder for each run. The field data sheets
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corresponding to the recorder charts are presented in Appendix B. The
numbers on the chart (Figure 1), 17.0 and 17.5 are the NDIR readings from
the data sheet. The NDIR reading in the field data sheet is taken directly
from the indicator on the NDIR. In Run No. 1 the data sheet shows that a
steady reading was reached after 3 min and the reading used for calculation
of ppm CO was an average taken after steady state was reached.
In Runs Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7, examination of the recorder charts
and field data sheets show that a constant reading was obtained after 3 to
5 min. Run No. 8 took about 9 min to reach a constant reading, but the
rotameter reading for this run was 8 instead of 14 and less total sample
was employed to obtain a steady reading. Run No. 3 was started without
purging all lines with nitrogen and with no water in the ice water cooling
bath for the ascarite and silica gel. This run, after 7 min, was stopped,
everything purged with nitrogen and then restarted. This run gave results
that do not correlate with the data from the other runs.
The NDIR value for Run No. 4 steadily increased for 20 min indi-
cating that the ascarite was not doing an efficient job of scrubbing out
the C02- The calculated values for CO and C02 for Runs Nos. 2 and 4 are
comparable. Examination of Figures 2 to 8 and the corresponding field
data sheets in Appendix B shows that with the exception of Run No. 3 all
readings without ascarite scrubbing reached a steady state after 2 min.
The reading was an average after steady state was obtained. The readings
for Run No. 3 are unexplainable.
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Figure 1 - Run No. 1
10
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-r~r
Figure 2 - Run No. 2
11
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Figure 3 - Run No. 3
12
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Figure 4 - Run No. 4
13
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Figure 5 - Run No. 5
14
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! : ;TJ J . . • '
~~ ~ ~ ™—-•
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±U_LU_'_L.z=:
h
I-
U
J
§
U
I
Figure 7 - Run No. 7
16
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Figure 8 - Run No. 8
17
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Figure 9 is the calibration curve for the NDIR, that relates
the NDIR reading ;to ppm CO. It was calibrated using nitrogen, 22 ppm CO,
41 ppm CO and 83 ppm CO for full scale deflection.
18
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Beckman NDIR Calibration (By MRI)
Date: 3-15-72
Calibrated by: N. Stich
Cells: 15 1/2 in.
Zero Gas: Nitrogen
Tune: 61
Gain: 618 Range 3
Full Scale Deflection: 83 ppm
Application: CO
100
PPM
Figure 9
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IV. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES
The CO boiler stack at Standard Oil of California's El Segundo
plant was the site chosen for sampling the stack gas to determine the
applicability of the analytical method for CO using the nondispersive
infrared analyzer (NDIR).
A. Sampling Equipment and Procedure
Figure 10 is a schematic of the equipment used to obtain an
integrated gas sample. A glass-lined heated probe was inserted through
a cover plate fastened to the port. The probe was connected with. Tygon*
tubing to an air cooled condenser, a rate meter and the Tedlar* gas bag.
Flow was controlled by use of a micrometer adjusted needle valve. A
vacuum pump was connected to the bag holder and the resulting vacuum
used to withdraw the sample from the stack. The bag was leak checked
prior to obtaining a sample.
Figures 11 through 14 are colored photographs showing the equip-
ment and arrangement of this equipment in sampling. Figure 11 shows the
probe inserted through the port cover into the stack. The probe and the
method of connecting with the Tygon* tubing is shown in Figure 12. The
condenser and gas bag holder appear in Figure 13. The flowmeter, microm-
eter needle valve, the gas bag holder, and the vacuum pump are displayed
in Figure 14.
* Mention of a specific company or product does not constitute endorsement
by EPA.
20
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-Glass Wool
Filter
J-
Glass Lined Probe
4
O
o
o
Condenser
Flow Valve
Rate Meter
Gas Bag
Pump
Figure 10 - Sampling Apparatus For Carbon Monoxide
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Figure 11 -
Port Cover - Probe
Heater Cord
Figure 12 -
Probe and Connector
Figure 13 -
Condenser - Bag Holder
Figure 14 -
Rate Meter - Micrometer Valve
Bag Holder - Vacuum Pump
22
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B. Analytical Procedure and Equipment
The schematic of the equipment used in analyzing the stack gas
for CO and CC>2 is shown in Figure 15. Everything but the gas bag was purged
with nitrogen before and after sampling. Purging with nitrogen sweeps out
entrained air or other gases. A Bechman* Infrared Analyzer (NDIR) Model
215°Awitha 15.25 in. CO sample cell and a 15.25 in. reference cell with
optical filters (for removal of interference from NH^) was used. The
range of the instrument is from 0-150 ppm CO. A Hewlett Packard* Model
No. 680 strip chart recorder was used with the NDIR. The NDIR was zeroed
by using 100% nitrogen and the span was set by using an 83 ppm CO in
nitrogen.
Figures 16 through 20 are colored photographs of the setup used
in the analytical procedure. Figure 16 shows the nitrogen cylinder being
used to purge the tubing and the equipment and to zero the NDIR. Figure
17 shows the 83 ppm CO (span gas) used to establish the upper limit of the
analytical instrument. Figure 18 is an overall view of the equipment used
in analyzing the stack gas. Figure 19 is a close-up of the impingers con-
taining silica gel and ascarite in the ice water bath with the NDIR and dry
gas meter in the background. Figure 20 is a close-up showing more details
of the hookup with the Tygon* tubing from the gas bag to the impinger,
through the flowmeter, the drying tube, the filter, the NDIR with recorder
and the dry gas meter. Figure 21 shows the Orsat being used to analyze
for C02 and 02-
* Mention of a specific company or product does not constitute endorsement
by EPA.
23
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Air 5-10 psig
Gas Bag
100% N.
MV-
t
Ice Bath
Silica Gel | Ascarite
Impinger Impinger
CO 83 ppm
In N2
Rate
Meter
•Glass Wool
.Silica Gel
Recorder
Filter
Furnished
by NDIR
Manufacturer
Thermometer
Dry Gas
Meter
Figure 15 - Analytical Apparatus For Carbon Monoxide
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Figure 16 -
Setup With N2 Cylinder
Figure 17 -
Analytical Setup With
Span Gas
Figure 18 -
Overall View of Equipment
Analytical Setup
25
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Figure 19 -
Impingers in Ice Water Bath
Figure 20 -
Close-Up of Analytical Setup
Figure 21 -
Orsat Analysis
26
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After purging all lines with nitrogen, the line to the gas bag
was connected to the impinger containing silica gel. Air pressure was bled
into the gas bag holder forcing the sample gas out of the bag through the
impingers containing silica gel and ascarite; through the flowmeter (the
rotameter reading for the test was set at 14 on a Matheson* Model No.
620PBW603 flowmeter with an R-2-15B tube) a drying tube containing glass
wool and silica gel; a filter, furnished with the NDIR; the NDIR, equipped
with an external recorder, and finally through the dry gas meter (an
American Meter Company* Charcoal test meter Model No. AL-110, where tempera-
ture and total flow were measured). The sample gas was run through the
system until a steady reading was obtained on the NDIR. After the reading
stabilized on the NDIR, the flow was stopped and the ascarite removed fbr
weighing. The weight gain provides CO collected volume. The flow of sample
gas was restarted and continued until a steady reading was again obtained on
the NDIR. This reading is the effect of interference (primarily C02) and CO.
C. Observations
The geometry of the stack must be carefully considered in select-
ing a single sample point. The carrier gas must be thoroughly mixed at
the sample point, otherwise a sample traverse would be necessary. On
negative pressure stacks, sealing of the port around the probe is essen-
tial. If the opening is not properly sealed, there is a possibility of
* Mention of a specific company or product does not constitute endorsement
by EPA.
27
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diluting the sample with air. A single-point sample should be located
well into the stack.
Since the method does not allude to sample point criteria, the
above observations were incorporated to project a sample point 42 in. from
the inside wall and at 90 degrees from the inlet breeching at approximately
4 diameters downstream from the breeching.
In the analytical procedure there are two very important pre-
cautions that must be taken.
All of the equipment and tubing used in the analysis must be
purged with nitrogen before the sample is introduced to ensure that none
of the tubing or equipment is contaminated with the previous sample. The
silica gel and ascarite impingers must be in an ice water bath, or the
caustic in the ascarite might react with other components of the gas stream,
particularly S02 and 803, if present. Also, excess heat causes water to
be formed from the reaction between C02 and NaOH.
The procedure "Gas Analysis for Carbon Monoxide" (dated 10
February 1972), as furnished by EPA is included in this report as Appendix
A. We made some changes and additions to this procedure for this test.
These changes are:
5.3.5 - Used 25-30 grams of preweighed ascarite instead of 200 grams to
improve the accuracy in determining the weight change of the ascarite.
7.3 - The silica gel tube was not weighed because this would only give
the percent moisture in the bag. The sample was passed through a condenser
28
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before filling the Tedlar* bag. The volume of the water condensed from
the sample and the volume of gas sampled would have to be measured before
the stack moisture could be determined. The percent moisture was not a
test objective.
9.4 - Assume V^20 = 0-
The additions are:
5.3.6 - Ice water bath for ascarite and silica gel.
5.3.7 - Needle valve to adjust and maintain constant flowrate.
5.3.8 - Span gas for NDIR.
5.3.9 - Flowmeter to measure flow rate.
5.4.0 - Dry gas meter with thermometer.
5.4.1 - Recorder for NDIR.
7.3 - The lines and equipment must be purged with nitrogen before the
gas is analyzed.
Mention of a specific company or product does not constitute endorsement
by EPA.
29
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V. LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
Figure 22 shows the location of the two ports used in sampling
for CO analysis and for temperature and velocity profiles at the boiler
stack. The samples were collected at an elevation of 55 ft (about four
stack diameters) above the inlet breeching. The inside diameter of this
stack is 13 ft 10 in. The CO samples and the first velocity profile were
taken from the port at 90 degrees from the inlet breeching. The other
two velocity profiles were taken from the port above the inlet breeching.
30
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SAMPLING LEVEL
13 FT 10 IN,
SIDE VIEW OF
BOI LER STACK
Figure 22 - Location of Sampling Station
31
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VI. PROCESS OPERATING CONDITIONS
This section is to be furnished by EPA.
32
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APPENDIX A
The following represents the suggested method of sampling and
analyzing for carbon monoxide. This method was furnished by EPA. Observa-
tions on the method are tabulated in Section IV-C.
33
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^ 2-10-72
Gas Analysis for Carbon Monoxide
_ .1. Principle and Applicability
!•' Principle. An integrated or grab gas sample is extracted from
a sampling point and analyzed for carbon monoxide content using
a nondispersive infrared analyzer or equivalent.
1.2 Applicability. This method should be applied only when speci-
fied" by the test procedures for determining compliance with the
new source performance standards. The test procedure will
indicate whether a grab or an integrated sample will be.used.
2. .Range and Sensitivity.
2.1 ' Ranse. 0-100 p.p.m.
2.2 Sen_sj_ui .'Uy/. Mini nun detectable sensitivity is 4 p.p.m.
3- Interferences .' I '
3.1 Any substance having a strong absorption of infrared energy
will interfere to soi.ie extent. For example, discrimination
ratios for water and carbon dioxide are 2.5:1 H^O/? p.p.rr. CO.
and 10;; CC^/ICp.p.in. CO, respectively, for devices :;;eesuring
in tfie 1500 to -3COG p.p.m. range. For devices measuring in
the 0-100 p.p.m. ranae, interference ratios can be as high as
3.5% H?0/25 p.p.;n. CO and 102 C0?/50 p.p.m. CO. The use of
silica gel and ascar'ite .traps witl aleviate the major^inter-
ference problems. The measured gas volume must be Corrected
if these traps are used.
4. Precision and /-.ecuracy
4-1 £r.e_ci5_ip_n. The precision of most NDIR analyzers is approximately
± ~2% vi span.' The precision of the overall method is unknown.
^•2 Accuracy. The accuracy of most NDIR analyzers is approximately
± 5% of span after califcration. The accuracy of the overall
method is unknown. .
5. Apparatus
*
5.1 Grab sample (Figure 3-1) Federal Register, 36, 24886, Dec. 23, 1971
5.1.1 Probe. Stainless steel or Pyrex glass, equipped with a
filter to remove particulate matter.
5.1.2 Pump. One-vay. squeeze b-jlb, or equivalent, or leakless
disphro-rr p-j.-p cr equivalent, to transport gas sample to
analyzer.
1 • V
34
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- 2 -
5.2 Integrated sample (Figure 3-2) Federal Register, 36, 24886,
- Dec. 23, T97i.
5.2.1 Probe. Stainless steel or Pyrex glass, equipped with
a filter to remove particulate matter.
5.2.2 Air cooled condenser or equivalent - to remove any
excess moisture. _.
5.2.3 Needle valve - to adjust flow rate.
5.i?.4 Pump. Leak-free diaphram type, or equivalent to pull gas.
5.2.5 Rate meter. To measure a flow range from 0 to 0.035 C.F.M.
5.2.6 Flexible bag. Tedlar, or equivalent, with a capacity of
2 to 3 cubic feet. Leak test the bag in the laboratory
before using.
5.2.7 Pitot tube. Type S, cr equivalent, attached to the
probe so that the samoling rate can be regulated pro-
portional to the stack gas velocity when-velocity is
varying with tine or a sample traverse is conducted.
5.3 AraJ^sJA-
5.3.1 Nondispersive infrared analyzer, or equivalent.
fa) range-0-100 p.p.m.
(b) output (iT'inimunJ-O-lO mv. " *
(c) minimum detectable sensitivity-4 p.p.m.
("d) rise time (maximum)-30 seconds to 90% response.
(e) fall time (maximum-30 seconds.
(f) zero drift (maximum)-lO'i in 8 hours.
(g) span drift (maximum)-10% in 8 hours.
(h) precision-: 2%.
(i) noise (maximum)-: 1%.
(j) linearity-2. of scale.
(k) Interference rejection ratio-C02 - 1000/1, H20 - 500/1.
5.3.2 Drying tube. Approximately 200 g. of dry preweighed
silica gel.
«
5.3.3 Calibration gas. .
5.3.4 Particulate filter. As recommended by NDIR manufacturer.
5.3.5 C02 removal tube. Approximately 200 g. of•preweighed
ascarite.(P
35
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- 3 -
6. Reagents
6,1 Calibration gas. Known concentration of CO in N? for instru-
ment span, prepuri fie-ci grade of 'i\£ for zero. Three concentra-
tions corresponding to span, 60% span, 30'= span. The span
concentration shall not exceed 1.5 times the applicable source
- performance standard.
6.2 Silica gel. Indicating type, 6-16 mesh, dried at 175°C
(350°F) for 2 hours.
6.3
7, Procedure
7.1 Grab sampling.
7.1.1 Set up the equipnent as shewn in Figure 3-1 (Federal
Register, 36, 24{x"'6, Dec. 23, 1971) making sure all
.connections are leak free. Place the probe in the
stack at a sampling -:oint ar.d pur'..":- tho sampling line.
Connect the analyzer :,T.d cr^.-i sample into the analy/er.
Allow five minutes for the syst-?-:: tc stabilize and
record the analyser readir.j. (See Sections 7.3 and 8.)
7.2. Integrated samp'ljng. :
7.2.1 Evacuate the flexible bag. Set up the equipment as
- shown in Figure 3-2 (Federal Register, ?6 , 2^8.~,6, Dec. 23,
1971) with the bag discc-rrect.-s-d. Ploce the probe in the
stack and purge the s a- :: ", i n ^ Lire. Collect the'bjg,
making sure that all connections are tight and that
there are no leaks. Sample at a rate propcriional to
the stack velocity.
7.3 Anajys_[s_. Assemble the apparatus, calibrate the instru.vnt , and
perform other required operations as doscriced in Section 8.
Direct the sarr.yle stream through the instrument for the test
period, recording the readings. Check the zero and span again
after the test to insure that any drift or malfunction is
detected. Record the sample volume passed through the system.
Remove and carefully weigh the^sTiTca gTpar.d ascarite tubes.
8. Calibration. Assemble the apparatus according to Figure 1. Care-
fully weigh the silica gel and ascarite tubes before assembly.
Generally an instrument which is started up cold requires a warm-up
period before stability is obtained. Follow the manufacturer's
instructions for specific procedure. Allow a minimum time of one
hour for warm-up. Turing this tiro chec-, the; ifirir'il1 conditioning
apparatt.-, , i.e., fi '!•.-:>-.. .:<••;•.•:•.<• •.?-•, c-'J''- '.-jbo
-7 . . _
L'-\ (J
and calibrate the instru:;:ont according to the manufacturer 's procedures
using nitrogen and the calibration gases respectively.
36
-------
- 4 -
Calculations
9.1 Volume of water_vaoor collected.
A wt /PH00
a
•« 0.0474 cu. ft. (A wtj
"• ~~*r~
where:
VupO = Volume of water vapor collected at standard condi-
tions, cu. ft. .
A wt = Weight increase in silica gel tube + weight of liquid
water collected in air-cooled condenser, g.
PH 0 = 0ens">ty °f water, 1 g./ml. .
M^^O = Molecular weight of water, 18 Ib./lb.-mole.
R = Ideal gas constant, 21.83 inches. Hg-cu.ft./lb. mole-°R.
TSTD = Absolute temperature at standard conditions, 530°R.
P _ = Absolute pressure at standard conditions, 29.92 inches Hg,
9.2 Vou:'e of carbon dioxide collected. ' ". '
V = If. wt \ r-f•" .v.*.a •
VC02 v^ wV 44 g./moie 28.32 1./cu.ft.
= 0.01797 A wt '
a
where: * .
V£Q = Volume of CCL collected at standard conditions, cu. ft.
A wt, = Weight increase in ascarite tube, g.
9.3 Gas volume.
• 17'71
37
-------
- 5 -
/ where:
VMC = Dry gas volurre through meter at standard conditions,
cu. ft.
i
VM e Dry gas volume measured by meter, cu. ft.
p.. = Barometric pressure at dry gas meter, inches Hg.
"" ''sin = Pressure at standard conditions, 29.92 inches Hg.
TrjD = Absolute temperature at standard conditions, 530°R.
TM = Absolute temperature at meter, °R.
9.4 Sarpple_vplume.
V = v . + v + v
VSAMPLE VMC VH20 VCO?
where:
^SAMPLE = Vo^urr'e 0
-------
Continuous CO Monitoring System, Model A 5611, Intertech Corp.,
Princeton, N. J.
Bendix--UNOR fnfrared Gas Analyzers. Ronceverte, W. Va.
39
-------
Sample
Inlet
cXXl
Silica Gel
Zero Gas
Span Gas
Ascarite
J ^L
NDIR CO
Analyzer
Dry Gas
Meter
Figure A-l
-------
APPENDIX B
The Field Data Sheets are contained in this appendix.
41
-------
VELOCITY' TRAVERSE FIELD DATA
Plant S-
Test
/•
£•
S pe. cy/9 L-
Location C o ~B* ',/*>
Date
Operator
Mcter All
Clock
T i rr.2
3PM
.
Poii
A
^5-
9
II
.._/J
3i
<2$
AP,
(D
(1 )
ill
AP, in. H00
C v- - -. I- 1" - ,~ ••• v r '
oluck i t;n!j L . r i
77?i
JZ.2X.
r'
in. II20 Average
n.
42
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
TEST
Project C 0 /-I &/)/, Sample Date W<2?772-
Test
&/9//y
*>' y jQfjjJ
t-J r trff
Port
No.
UJ
Point
No.
tf
/A/.
RAG
Filter
No.
"Z? vi
Sample
Time
Min.
0
I
a
3
'i/
^
7
r\0 /M
/o
/•dt
4*
,
Start
Time
'£*
r>sci
£7
'00
^ P/
V fl/i
"tut*
u_ n.
/•/,o
1
/
|
1
*7£
y?>^
H n Hi 1 0
/
^
/7
^
/?r
/7X
A^
7/e^
- 3
^>
^
Vacuum
in. Hg
~CL
" «^ <.
^>.<
r ^5
^
/<
Team/(£-A.i-y-S//c?^
/
rpo C"f" ^
J. C *> v I>
ro. , '/
- (f, ~>O
Meter
ft3
},9/#>
,/^i"
DJIOJ
* ^^ '••£.
7
•^
if *
Meter
Temp. °F
Left
'&>
0* *^
Right
-
Stack
Temp.
CJ flv<^-Kn
••• *.
/4T ^
Gommcjrt
P i «V
43
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
TEST
Project C(9 frf#L$smplie Data 3 / >7~
Port
No.
\JO
1 \
1
1
Point
No.
£
//>'"'
/A/
r/n oi-
RAC
Filter
No.
*Prf
Sample
Time
Min.
o
I
r
3
if
'X-^?
(4?
7
&
J
lo
ii
/z.
/^
>#
o£,
/
c^
,3
^
£
t>
V
Start
Time
^
X^
r^T^
%£2^
/•f
£?
^
7
9
/^
/i/0.
y?.o
/7'^
/?/a
/73
n,^
—
/7^
/7.°
/ ^j ij>
/' / tJ
/;>
^j ^? ^\
26.0
f\j?t *^
}±S
>5",f
JLS". 7
Vacuum
in. Hg
Meter
ft3
tD9c&
y/^^£)
a!f>7?35
Meter
Temp. °-F
Left
'&)
Kigm;
Stack
Temp.
°F
"
b-; — GUJT
^TQITITD ~~
/7/^V
/^/«
,
Trooe
Tump .
v .
i/tv/;
^^W
Gommont
A?^a
44
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
EMISSION TEST
Project CO, /hffl/. Sample Data 3/^9/7 2-
Test
Port
No.
'ti>
iP-
It*
1
,l/o /
Point
No.
8
y>"
,*>
sc/t/e
RAC
Filter
No.
5Tl
Sample
Time
Min.
£
/
2-
3
//
jT
7
>?? T<-
$
y
/O
It
IT
13
if-
^
/(*
/-?
s^h
t>^lX
6?
/
3
Start
Time
£*S
* 7o>
&$
-—1>
^
/^7
n ThrO
/v
£(,£
14
•
^
<9
/L.3
*4,o
tf&
7-1,$
^0
>?if
^///^
^^
.^•p
^o.o
33.0
3^2,
^7^
?Ko
3^,<5
^0
tf.o
^776-^
^5"
/c,.f
/7/S~
/o,0
Vacuum
in. Hg
A
/:
Team ffeih-SAet.
/
Test NO. "3
/3SC/1 /ZtTZr fjJT,
Meter
ft3
Ti^r 7 » /
I&7&
4
/^/3tT
/^H
Temp. °F
Left
77
'0,1'
' *,}
p
Right
^/
330 -
^
r/.
Temp.
°F
^.v-
•2-x
n ,, -,
Tomp.
O T-J
f/A.^A~ 1
III.4&I3
-
f/l
\ ^^™\ ««^
Tomp,
T-jV-T,
SC&&2
~ pfflr
&3DI
45
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
EMISSION TEST
Project £~0 fy/Ufll' Sample Data 3/^.^/77-
Test
Team.//L, Test NO. £/.
B^H*
/
Asc/9/nr^ utf-
Port
No.
li)
^P
ti&
fivfi
\
Point
No.
\
k^/i/yi
RAC
Filter
No.
7
Sample
Time
Min.
V
/
^
3
^
h
7
y
<).
fD
12.
ll
i(>
!0
0
/
'?-
3
it-
$
^>
$
f
Start
Time
^
& ?w
<• /
\tfolOfiftpf
JUX—4.
L J. Ul^ U
/ x X
/y
JTobe
(9
;?/C)
•s< ±
II ^
/zO
/2^
/Z,^
s"
(1. o
(3^
^
IS.O
/L,D
17.0
It®
IKO
230
S~*0tCr
ffot1^
^4
3~b,/
>4^3
11*. /.
Vacuum
in. Hg
2
Meter
ft3
,/&55~
mi^
Meter
Temp. °F
Left
77
0,
Right
O r&
/ 5-2
Stack
Temp.
°F
>
— ^
Su PQ]
(M&i
-tf, 9
Prnhr
i'Cmp ."
T^i^
//Otbli-l
^.
W?
?#42
/t> u.
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
EMISSION TEST
Test Team
L, Sample Data 3/3O/7
est NO. £~
Port
No.
Point
No.
RAC
Filter
No.
Sample
Time
Min.
Start
Time
T>i -f. 04,
• in uo u
in. Ik(
Vacuum
in. Hg
Meter
ft3
Temp. °F
Left Right
Temp.
F
S. Gel
ft-otrrr
Temp.
•Temp~
IV
8
(9
3,6)
d
$
7,0
1
?
9
/o
1C
goo
,0
47
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location
Date 3/30/7 2-
Time
Operator
iL.
Comments:
Test
M < ^X
-fr o -***
(^)
©
(co2)
Reading 1
// -z
/<2.)
/2,7
(02)
Reading 2
—&~£—r/-rt—±
^7T7-f 4^ 5^^
/6. / •
^'^ 4/,^
(CO)
Reading 3
G
0
O
48
NCAP-31 (12/67)
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
EMISSION TEST
Project
Test Teamyre//v-S/?a^v Test NO.
Sample Datfc 3J3O/7
Port
No.
«J
X
,/
/to*
Point
No.
$
It
£ /o/e ft
RAC
Filter
No.
f — *
Sample
Time
Min.
o
/
3-
J
^
3"
£
7
f
^
/P
/o
/2-'
/•
S,*-
%$'
X.V
P. 3
?,$
t.f
'
IO.Z
20, f
&>£
fr,?
Vacuum
in. Hg
/6
Meter
ft3
,73%{
/bbt2> 1
Meter
Temp. °F
Left
7;
•
o.:
T
Right
.'ir.5»
23
Stack
Temp.
°F
30.
s r^Y
irGmp.
P/AS/IL
l*1&X
& tx.
Prnbr
Tnm-n
icrap.
/ A? ,~Tf/)t~
/ QJ^iL'&i
cy^t
^ t/
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location
Date
Time /
Operator
Comments
Test
(co2)
Reading 1
(Q2)
Reading 2
(CO)
Reading 3
O
50
NCAP-31 (12/67)
-------
VELOCITY TRAVERSE HELD DATA
Plant £r/y
Test
Location Co
33 oJ •
•>
Operator Sftx/7 ttfc'A L-/'
-f
Meter AH
in. 1!20 Average
51
(12/CV)
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
EMISSION TEST
Project £,O A ft/A/, Sample Date- J/ 30/7 2-
Test
Port
No.
u)
3.7*
*/;*>
* >c/>.
\
Point
No.
g
dl'1
Cfift ll
RAC
Filter
No.
i
Sample
Time
Min.
0
i
cZ
3
^
b
(o
7
t
c/
(0
— ^— i— »^_
/ 2^
/^
/ $"
/7
Start
Time
6^
—
(*+
f\OT^^fwt
PiLuL"
*1 IT (")
.1-14 « JJ/JW
/?,0
Vacuum
in. Hg
'—
/s
Team5/y>kl,/iW/\/
. /...
Test NO. "7
Meter
ft3
', /^^
***
*-p
Meter
Temp. °F
Left
•7»
j^_
Right
C# 7
-X^
Stack
Temp.
°F
: f<
o rim •]
O -p
J^L3^t>
?>
ump.
^/77X>C
^^»
•BMi"-i^—
«s-r
^JWJ
ill ••! SL^SS ™ "
i
i
|
I
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location
6, / 67,
I ,
Date 3 1 3 0/7
Operator
-
Comments: £& /%?<'/
Test
7
?c
^X^
(co2)
Reading 1
/2,6
/ 3, 6
H.b
(Q2)
Reading 2
/6,^ 70
/!-« (!T ^'^
NCAP-31 (12/67)
53
-------
III. SAMPLE DATA
EMISSION TEST
Project 5A£2L^c/4£Sa
Port
No.
sv
\
/l/e/
Point
No.
&'
^
8
^tf>*
RAC
Filter
No.
$&
IT*
Sample
Time
Min.
o
1
A
J
^
JT
^
7
ar
7
/^
/^.
/y
/^
/
a
3
/
^>
3
/D
/ 1
/ z-
/j
Start
Time
^ 4/
fa
7;/o
7;jo
flcjVWeb
PiLuL
.ti. 11^ 0
*
i
i
';
1
1
s
/
•9
^
(x
^ H . 1 IffQ
l,»
3,0
—
5,0
2,/
V^
X
— ,
—
v,/-
r^
^^r
K3"
^
*-,.$"
/7,^
t^^t f fc^
^1 4Lb ^
>^r
^3,^
^3,£)
2.2, /
J-l.O
Vacuum
in. Hg
/&
JTJj^^^^B X* >^^
•SP^WBHT (^f^CJ
mple E
Test I\
lata 1$ 3/3G/72-,
FO. %
/\ f y /I /7 y "T-/ — '
Meter
ft3
##?#
/ ^* '^jfe
.
/z, £> 54
Meter
Temp. °F
Left
1**
.
Right
?£
Stack
Temp.
°F
- —
&7 *^Vi 1 '
Temp.
^#5M
-
^
JL omp •
T^STT*
/ ^***^POy
<5 CS
yrrp
i.v>Hi
i
i
!
j
' i
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Date
Ti me *7/ 3 D ?
Operator
Comments:£&~fie f/
Test
(co2)
Reading 1
(o2)
Reading 2
(CO)
Reading 3
g*
NCAP-31 (12/67)
55
-------
VELOCITY TRAVERSE HELD DATA
Plant %&cJ?- ,
Test
Cr
Location
Date
Operator
Meter AH
Clock
Time
jirit
6 ''
?'<
/I"
,7"
?¥ ''
i<*'r
y
-------
APPENDIX C
The sampling and analytical logs make up this appendix.
57
-------
Analytical Log
Run
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
Pollutant
CO,
CO,
CO,
CO,
CO,
CO 2
CO,
C02
CO,
C02
CO,
CO 2
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
, o
CO
, o
CO
> o
CO
, o
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Date
3/29/72
3/29/72
3/29/72
3/29/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
Be
1:
2:
5:
6:
6:
5:
5:
12:
12:
1:
11:
1:
6:
6:
6:
7:
gan
52 p.m.
13
45
15
27
10
31
08
20
40
22
50
14
50
54
30
p.m.
p . m.
p .m.
p.m.
p.m.
p.m.
p .m.
p.m.
p.m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
Ended
1:
2:
5:
6:
6:
5:
5:
12:
12:
1:
11:
2:
6:
7:
7:
7:
59
40
52
25
32
30
42
18
27
50
37
00
41
00
24
40
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p.m.
p.m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p .m.
p.m.
p .m.
Elapsed
Time
(min)
7
27
22
31
17
10
15
10
27
10
30
10
58
-------
Ul
VD
Run
1A
1
2
3
4
5
5 and 6
6
7
7 and 8
8
Location
Stack (W)
Stack (W)
Stack (W)
Stack (W)
Stack (W)
Stack (W)
Stack (N)
Stack (W)
Stack (W)
Stack (N)
Stack (W)
Sampling
Pollutant
Velocity and Temp.
CO, C02
CO, C02
CO, C02
CO, C02
co, co2, o2
Velocity and Temp.
CO, C02, 02
co, co2, o2
Velocity and Temp.
CO, C09, 00
Log
Date
3/28/72
3/29/72
3/29/72
3/29/72
3/29/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
Began
3:00 p.m.
9:30 am.
10:15 a.m.
3:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
9:00 a.m.
9:45 a.m.
9:45 a.m.
3:00 p.m.
3:45 p.m.
4:15 p.m.
Ended
3:30 p.m.
10:15 a.m.
11:00 a.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
9:45 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:45 a.m.
4:15 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:30 p.m.
Elapsed
Time
(min)
30
45
45
60
60
45
15
60
75
15
75
------- |