U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
                         WORKING PAPER SERIES
                                               REPORT
                                                 ON
                                             BANTAM LAKE
                                           LITCHFIELD COUNTY
                                             CONNECTICUT
                                             EPA REGION I
                                         WORKING PAPER No, 177
           PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
                          An Associate Laboratory of the
             NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
                                   and
       NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH  CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
tfGPO	697-032

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                                         REPORT
                                           ON
                                       BANTAM LAKE
                                    LITCHFIELD COUN1Y
                                       CONNECTICUT
                                      EPA REGION I
                                  WORKING PAPER No, 177
            WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                      AND THE
            CONNECTICUT NATIONAL GUARD
                   JANUARY, 1975

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                               CONTENTS
                                                           Page
  Foreword                                                 ° ii
  List of Connecticut Study Lakes                           iv
  Lake and Drainage Area Map                                 v

  Sections
  I.  Conclusions                                            1
 II.  Introduction                                           4
III.  Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics                5
 IV.  Lake Water Quality Summary                             6
  V.  Nutrient Loadings                                     11
 VI.  Literature Reviewed                                   16
VII.  Appendices                                            17

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                                11
                         FOREWORD
    The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.

OBJECTIVES

    The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.

ANALYTIC APPROACH

    The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:

        a.  A generalized representation or model relating
    sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.

        b.  By applying measurements of relevant parameters
    associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
    can be transformed into an operational representation of
    a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.

        c.  With such a transformation, an assessment of the
    potential for eutrophication control can be made.

LAKE ANALYSIS

    In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented.  The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.

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                                111
    Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes.  Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

    The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Connecticut  Department of
Environmental Protection for professional involvement and to
the Connecticut National Guard for conducting the tributary
sampling phase of the Survey.

    John J. Curry, Director of the former Water Resources Commission;
Roy B. Anderson, Principal Sanitary Engineer, and Steven Gerdsmeier,
Sanitary Engineer, of the Water Compliance Unit, Department of Environ-
mental Protection; and Sam Suffern, Assistant Director of Water and
Related Resources, Department of Environmental Protection, provided
invaluable lake documentation and counsel during the course of the
Survey.

    Major General John F. Freund, the Adjutant General of Connecticut,
and Project Officer Lieutenant Colonel Daniel M. McGuire, who directed
the volunteer efforts of the Connecticut National Guardsmen, are also
gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.

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                                IV
LAKE NAME
                  NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY

                            STUDY LAKES
                       STATE OF CONNECTICUT
Aspinook Pond
Bantam
Communi ty
Eagleville
Hanover Pond
Housatonic Impoundments:
    Housatonic
    Lillinonah

    Zoar
COUNTY

New London, Windham
Litchfield
New Haven
To!land
New Haven

Fairfield, New Haven
Fairfield, Litchfield,
 New Haven
Fairfield, New Haven

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Bantam
  Lake
                              BANTAM  LAKE
                         X  Lake Sampling Site
                            Tributary Sampling Site
                            Sewage Treatment Facility
                         ,/* Direct Drainage Area Boundary

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                            BANTAM LAKE
                          STORE! NO.  0902
I.   CONCLUSIONS
    A.   Trophic Condition:
            Bantam Lake is eutrophic.  Algal  blooms  are frequent,
        and growths of rooted emergent aquatic vegetation  are  heavy.
        Anaerobic conditions were present during summer stratification.
    B.   Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
            The algal assay results show that nitrogen  was the limit-
        ing nutrient at the time the  fall sample was collected.  The
        lake data indicate nitrogen limitation at the other sampling
        times as well.
    C.   Nutrient Controllability:
            1.  .Point sources--During the sampling year, Bantam Lake
        received a total  phosphorus load at a rate less than that
        proposed by Vollenweider (in  press) as "dangerous" but more
        than his "permissible" rate;  i.e., a  mesotrophic rate  (see
        page 15).  It is  calculated that the  two point  sources in-
        cluded  in this study contributed only 8% of  the total  load,
        and it  is concluded that phosphorus control  at  these sources
        would not significantly  improve the trophic  condition  of the
        lake.
            Note that nutrient "wash-out" occurred during  the  sampling
        year; that is, more nutrients were measured  leaving the lake

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than were measured entering the lake (see pages 13 and 14).
The wash-out may have been due only to Insufficient sampling
or to unknown and unmeasured nutrient sources discharging
directly to the lake (e.g., shoreline septic tanks).  However,
if nutrient wash-out actually occurred, the most likely cause
would be the elimination of a nutrient source prior to the
beginning of the Survey.
    Now, for many years, the old Litchfield wastewater treat-
ment plant effluent was discharged to groundwater via a series
of filter (seepage) beds which were located near the Bantam
River a short distance above Bantam Lake.  In November, 1971,
the old plant was replaced by a new plant which discharges to
the Bantam River below the lake; Survey tributary and waste
treatment plant sampling began in August of 1972.
    In an earlier study, Frink (1967) concluded that the old
Litchfield waste treatment plant did not impact Bantam Lake
since samples of the Bantam River above and below the plant
site did not reveal significant differences in nutrient con-
centrations.  However, he did not assess the impact of the
treatment plant on the level of nutrients in the groundwater
or groundwater contribution of nutrients to the lake, although
he noted that the upper centimeter of the lake bottom sediments
contained at least 10 times his estimated annual input of nitrogen

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and phosphorus (sedimentation was estimated at 0.4 centimeters
per year; i.e., the upper centimeter would have been deposited
in 2% years, indicating that on an annual basis, about 4 times
more nitrogen and phosphorus were sedimented than could be
accounted for by his estimated annual inputs).
    In view of the proximity of the old plant to the Bantam
River, the nutrient wash-out noted above, and the existing
mesotrophic loading rate, it seems likely that the effluent
from the old Litchfield plant did, in fact, impact Bantam
Lake during the operational period of the plant.  If this was
the case, the trophic condition of Bantam Lake should improve
once a new nutrient equilibrium is established.  However, rooted
aquatic vegetation is likely to continue to be a problem for some
time because of the alternate source of nutrients from the sedi-
ments .
    2.  Non-point sources (see page 14)--The phosphorus export
of the Bantam River appears to have been somewhat high during
the sampling year but was less than the watershed export of 146
      p
Ibs/mi /yr estimated by Frink (op. cit.).  The phosphorus export,
in part, may have been due to continuing contributions from the
previous groundwater discharge of the old Litchfield wastewater
treatment plant.

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II.  INTRODUCTION
    Bantam Lake Is a relatively shallow natural lake located in the
townships of Litchfield and Morris in northwestern Connecticut.  The
lake is separated into North Bay, South Bay, and a larger central
portion connecting the two.  The natural lake level has been raised
by a low dam in the village of Bantam.  Although the inlet and outlet
are both located in the northern portion of the lake, extensive mix-
ing with the rest of the lake has been reported (Frink, 1967).
    The watershed is largely composed of forested, agricultural, and
abandoned agricultural lands.  This rural watershed has a population
of approximately 10,000 people.  The shoreline is largely developed;
and cottages are numerous.
    Lake use is largely recreational.  Bantam Lake is considered an
above-average fishery for white perch, yellow perch, and largemouth
bass (Anonymous, 1959).
    Deep deposits of highly organic sediments have accumulated over
many years; the heavy growths of algae and submerged and emergent
aquatic vegetation likely are contributing to the ooze accumulation.

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II.   LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN  CHARACTERISTICS
     A.   Lake Morphometry :
         1.   Surface area:  916  acres.
         2.   Mean depth:   14.3 feet.
         3.   Maximum depth:   25  feet.
         4.   Volume:  13,099  acre-feet.
         5.   Mean hydraulic retention  time:   112  days.
     B.   Tributary and Outlet:
         (See Appendix A  for  flow data)
         1.   Tributaries  -
             Name                              Drainage  area*  Mean  flow*
                                                          2
             Bantam River                          27.8  mi     48.9  cfs
             Minor tributaries &                          2
              immediate drainage -                  4.0  mi      9.8  cfs
                          Totals                    31.8 mi2    58.7  cfs
         2.   Outlet -
             Bantam River                          33.2  mi2**  58.7  cfs
     C.   Precipitation***:
         1.   Year of sampling:   60.6  inches.
         2.   Mean annual:  44.8  inches.
 t Anonymous,  1972.
 * Drainage areas  are accurate within  ±1%;  gaged mean  daily and  mean  monthly
   flows are accurate within  ±10%;  ungaged  mean daily  and mean monthly  flows
   are accurate within ±20%;  and normalized mean monthly flows are  accurate
   within ±10% for gaged streams and within ±12% (high flow)  to  27% (low  flow)
   for ungaged streams.
 ** Includes area  of lake.
 *** See Working Paper No.  1,  "Survey  Methods1'.

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IV.  LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
    By means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter, Bantam Lake was sampled
three times at station 1 and two times at station 2 during the open-water
season of 1972.  Each time, samples for physical and chemical parameters were
collected from a number of depths at each station (see map, page v).  During
each visit, a single depth-integrated (15 feet or near bottom to surface)
sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton identification and
enumeration; and during the last visit, a single five-gallon depth-integrated
sample was composited for algal assays.  Also each time, a depth-integrated
sample was collected from each of the stations for chlorophyll a. analysis.
The maximum depths sampled were 21 feet at station 1 and 10 feet at station 2.
    The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix B, and the data
for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-mixed, are
summarized below.  Note, however, the Secchi disc summary is based on all
values.
    For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling times,
refer to Appendix B.

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A.  Physical and chemical characteristics:
    Parameter               Minimum

    Temperature (Cent.)      16.1
    Dissolved oxygen (mg/1)   7.9
    Conductivity (ymhos)    120
    pH (units)                7.9
    Alkalinity (mg/1)        30
    Total P (mg/1)            0.044
    Dissolved P (mg/1)        0.017
    N0? + N03 (mg/1)          0.030
    Ammonia fmg/1)            0.040
FALL VALUES

(10/04/72)

Mean       Median
          Maximum
16.4
8.8
120
8.4
32
0.052
0.018
0.030
0.055
16.4
8.8
120
8.5
33
0.048
0.017
0.030
0.055
16.7
9.6
120
8.8
33
0.067
0.019
0.030
0.070
                                           ALL VALUES
    Secchi disc (inches)     36
 65
45
132

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                             8
B.  Biological characteristics:

    1.  Phytoplankton -
        Sampling
        Date

        05/29/72
        08/01/72
        10/04/72
Dominant
Genera

1.  Asterionella
2.  Dinobryon
3.  Fragilaria
4.  Anabaena
5.  Melosira
    Other genera

             Total

1.  Oscillatoria
2.  Dinobryon
3.  Schroederia
4.  Gloeocapsa
5.  Chroococcus
    Other genera

             Total

1.  Coelosphaerium
2.  Flagellates
3.  Polycystis
4.  Synedra
5.  Melosira
    Other genera
Number
per ml

1,092
1,019
  195
   72
   29
  124

2,531
8,675

3,825
  210
  180
  136
  120
  499
                                          Total
                            4,970

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    2.  Chlorophyll  a_ -
        (Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
        the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
        Sampling             Station                 Chlorophyll a_
        Date                 Number                  (ug/1)	
        05/29/72               01                          9.5
        08/01/72               01                         37.3
                               02                          8.2
        10/04/72               01                         53.0
                               02                         47.9
C.  Limiting Nutrient Study:
    1.  Autoclaved,  filtered, and  nutrient spiked -
                          Ortho P          Inorganic N    Maximum yield
        Spike (mg/1)      Cone, (mg/1)    Cone, (mg/1)   (mg/1-dry wt.)
        Control
         0.006 P
         0.012 P
         0.024 P
         0.060 P
         0.060 P + 10.0 N
        10.0 N
    2.  Discussion -
            The  control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capri-
        cornutum, indicates that the potential  primary productivity
        of Bantam Lake was moderately high in October, 1972, when
        the sample was collected.   Also, the lack of growth response
        to increased levels of orthophosphorus, until nitrogen was
      .  also added,  indicates the   lake was nitrogen limited at that
        time.  Note  the increase in yield when  only nitrogen was added.
0.034
0.040
0.046
0.058
0.094
0.094
0.034
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.031
10.031
10.031
4.2
4.3
5.5
3.6
4.2
43.2
13.4

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                             10
            The lake data indicate nitrogen limitation at the  other
        sampling times as well; i.e., N/P ratios were about 6/1,  and
        nitrogen limitation would be expected.
D.  Trophic Condition:
        Bantam Lake is eutrophic.  Survey limnologists noted algal
    blooms in progress in August and October of 1972, and dissolved
    oxygen was depleted in the hypolimnion in August.  Rooted  aquatic
    weeds cover about 25% of the lake area (Ketelle and Uttormark,
    1971).
        Bantam Lake has been cited by Frink (1967)  as a classic exam-
    ple of natural eutrophication, but Survey data  indicate possible
    point-source influence.

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                                  11
IV.   NUTRIENT LOADINGS
     (See Appendix C for data)
     For the determination of nutrient loadings,  the Connecticut National
 Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples  from each of the
 tributary sites indicated on the map (page v),  except for the  high  run-
 off month of March when two samples were collected.  Sampling  was begun
 in  August, 1972, and was completed in September, 1973.
     Through an interagency agreement, stream flow  estimates for the
 year of sampling and a "normalized" or average  year were provided by
 the Connecticut District Office of the U.S.  Geological Survey  for the
 tributary sites nearest the lake.
     In this report, nutrient loads for sampled  tributaries were deter-
 mined by using a modification  of a U.S.  Geological  Survey computer
 program for calculating stream loadings*.  Nutrient loadings for unsam-
                          0
 pled "minor tributaries and immediate drainage"  ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.)  were
 estimated by using the mean annual concentrations  in Whittlesey Brook
 at  station B-l  and the mean annual ZZ flow.
     The operator of the Connecticut Junior Republic Association wastewater
 treatment plant provided monthly effluent samples  and corresponding flow
 data.  However, the Goshen School treatment  plant  was not sampled;  and,
 because of similarity of flow  and treatment  type,  the nutrient loads were
 estimated to be the same as the CT Junior Republic.loads.
 * See  Working  Paper No.  1.

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                                 12
    The nutrient loads attributed to the Bantam River are those measured
at station A-2 minus the measured and estimated point-source loads.
    For many years, the old Litchfield municipal waste treatment plant
discharged effluent to ground waters near the Bamtam River upstream from
Bantam Lake; this plant was abandoned in late 1971, prior to the begin-
ning of the Survey, but may have impacted the lake during the sampling
year (see page 2).
    A.  Waste Sources:
        1.  Known muncipal -

        Name
        CT Junior
         Republic
         Assoc.*
        Goshen School**  -
        2.  Known industrial - None
Pop.
Served
100
—
Treatment
sand filter
sand filter
Mean Flow
(m3/d)
0.010
0.012
Receiving
Water
W. Br.,
Bantam River
Mountain Broi
* Reynolds, 1973.
** Gerdsmeier, 1974.

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                                 13
    B.  Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
        1.  Inputs -
                                              Ibs P/         % of
            Source .                            r             total
            a.  Tributaries (non-point load) -
                Bantam River                  3,110           60.7
            b.  Minor tributaries & immediate
                 drainage (non-point load) -  1 »450           28.4
            c.  Known municipal -
                CT Junior Republic              210            4.1
                Goshen School                   210            4.1
            d.  Septic tanks - Unknown
            e.  Known industrial - None
            f.  Direct precipitation* -         140            2.7
                         Total                5,120          100.0
        2.  Outputs -
            Lake outlet - Bantam River        5,360
        3.  Net annual P loss - 240 pounds
* See Working Paper No. 1.

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                                 14
    C.  Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
        1.  Inputs -
                                              Ibs N/         % of
            Source                            y_r	         total
            a.  Tributaries (non-point load) -
                Bantam River                  68,580          69.0
            b.  Minor tributaries & immediate
                 drainage  (non-point load) -  20,860          21.0
            c.  Known municipal -
                CT Junior  Republic               590           0.6
                Goshen School                    590           0.6
            d.  Septic tanks - Unknown
            e.  Known industrial - None
            f.  Direct precipitation* -        8.820           8.8
                         Total                99,440         100.0
        2.  Outputs -
            Lake outlet -  Bantam River       105,680
        3.  Net annual N loss - 6,240 pounds
    D.  Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
        Tributary                             Ibs P/mi2/yr   Ibs N/mi2/yr
        Bantam River                              112            2,467
* See Working Paper No. 1.

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                                 15
    E.  Yearly Loading Rates:
            In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
        rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
        Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
        receiving water would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
        his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
        receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic
        if morphometry permitted.  A mesotrophic rate would be consid-
        ered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
            Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
        water bodies with very short detention times.
        Units
                                   Total Phosphorus
                         Total Nitrogen
Total   Accumulated    Total   Accumulated
        Ibs/acre/yr
        grams/nr/yr
5.6
0.63
loss1
108.6
 12.2
loss*
        Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
         (g/m2/yr) based on mean depth and mean
         hydraulic retention time of Bantam Lake:
            "Dangerous"  (eutrophic rate)       1.20
            "Permissible"  (oligotrophic rate)  0.60
* See page 2.

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                                 16
V.  LITERATURE REVIEWED

    Anonymous, 1959.  A fishery survey of the lakes and ponds of Connecticut.
        Rept. No. 1, CT Bd. of Fish. & Game, Hartford.

    Anonymous, 1972.  Survey questionnaire.  CT Dept. of Env. Prot.,  Harford.

    Frink, Charles R., 1967.  Nutrient budget:  rational analysis of  eutro-
        phication.  Env. Sci. & Techn.  1:425-428.

                 _, 1970.  Nutrient budgets in reservoirs.  Proc. NE Weed
        Contr. Conf.  24:284-285.

    Gerdsmeier, Steven, 1974.  Personal communication (Goshen School  waste
        treatment; Litchfield waste treatment and possible impact on  Bantam
        Lake).  CT Dept. of Env. Prot., Hartford.

    Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971.  Problem lakes in the
        United States.  EPA Water Poll. Contr. Series, Proj.  16010 EHR.

    Legendre, Theodore, 1974.  Personal communication (new Litchfield waste
        treatment facilities).  Town of Litchfield Sewer Comm., Litchfield.

    Norvell, W. A., 1972.  Exchange of phosphate between sediment and water
        in three Connecticut lakes.  Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc.  26:173-175.

    Reynolds, Kenneth, 1973.  Personal communication (waste treatment
        facilities).  CT Junior Republic Assoc., Litchfield.

    Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press).  Input-output models.  Schweiz.
        Z. Hydrol.

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                                  17
VII.  APPENDICES
                            APPENDIX A
                        TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA

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                                   TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR CONNECTICUT
                                                                                           11/26/74
LAKE CODE 0902
                   BANTAM LAKE
     TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE
                                    33.?0
         SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY    AREA
0902A1
0902A2
0902ZZ
             33.20
             27.80
              5.40
 JAN

71.00
59.00
12.00
 FEB

75.00
62.00
13.00
  MAR

124.00
103.00
 21.00
  APR

117.00
 98.00
 19.00
 MAY

69.00
58.00
11.00
                                                                   NORMALIZED FLOWS
                                                                 JUN     JUL     AUG
0902A1
0902A2
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8
9
10
11
1?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
20.00
9.40
19.00
88.00
126.00
104.00
98.00
96.00
100.00
54.00
39.00
72.00
17.00
13.00
13.00
17.00
8.00
16.00
74.00
124.00
97.00
96.00
94.00
98.00
53.00
38.00
60.00
14.00
11.00
11.00
19
16
14

26

21
17
23
10
21
18
15
12

19
16
14

26

21
17
23
10
21
18
15
12

31.20
26.00
 5.20
19.80
17.00
 2.60
23.90
20.00
 3.90
 SEP

23.40
20.00
 3.40
 OCT

30.10
25.00
 5.10
 NOV

56.00
46.00
10.00
                                                                                                                  DEC
                                                                                                                         MEAN
65.00   58.67
54.00   48.91
11.00    9.76
                                                  16.00
                                                  12.00
                                                  14.00

                                                 101.00

                                                  54.00
                                                 118.00
                                                  52.00
                                                  51.00
                                                  37.00
                                                  32.00
                                                  13.00
                                                   7.50

                                                  13.00
                                                   9.90
                                                  12.00

                                                  99.00

                                                  53.00
                                                 116.00
                                                  51.00
                                                  50.00
                                                  36.00
                                                  27.00
                                                  11.00
                                                   6.30
                                                                   SUMMARY
                                                          33.20
                                                          33.20
                        TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE =
                        SUM OF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS   =

     MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS

TRIBUTARY   MONTH   YEAR    MEAN FLOW  DAY         FLOW  DAY
                                                      TOTAL FLOW IN
                                                      TOTAL FLOW OUT
                                                                  705.40
                                                                  705.40
                                                                     FLOW  DAY
                                                               FLOW
                                                          30
                                            76.00
                                                          30
                                            75.00

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                                   TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR CONNECTICUT
                                                                       11/26/74
LAKE CODE 090?
BANTAM LAKE
     MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS

TRIBUTARY   MONTH   YEAR    MEAN FLOW  DAY

0902ZZ
8
9
10
11
12
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
72
72
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
3.30
1.40
3.30
14.00
2.50
17.00
1.90
1.80
2.00
1.00
0.70
12.00
2.70
2.10
2.10
19
16
14

26

21
17
23
10
21
18
15
12

                                FLOW  DAY

                                2.50
                                1.70
                                2.40

                                2.00
                                                   1.00
                                                   2.30
                                                   1.00
                                                   1.00
                                                   0.70
                                                   5.20
                                                   2.10
                                                   1.20
FLOW  DAY
FLOW
                                       30
1.50

-------
        APPENDIX B
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/26
                                                                   090301
                                                                 41 42  00.0  073  13  30.0
                                                                 BANTAN LAKE
                                                                 09       CONNECTICUT
                      00010
  DATE   TIME DEPTH  WATER
  FROM    OF          TEMP
   TO    DAY  FEET    CENT

72/05/29 19 30 0000     18.0
         19 30 0009     15.3
72/08/01 11 30 0000
         11 30 0004     23.4
         11 30 0010     22.9
         11 30 0015     19.5
         11 30 0021     18.1
72/10/04 12 40 0000
         12 40 0004     16.7
         12 40 0015     16.5
00300     00077     00094
 DO      TRANSP   CNOUCTVY
         SECCHI   FIELD
MG/L     INCHES   MICROMHO
   9.2
   6.6

   7.0
   5.8
   0.0
   0.0

   7.9
   8.6
132

 51




 36
110
260
110
100
105
110
110
120
120
120
11EPALES
4
00400
PH

SU
6.90
6.60
7.00
6.80
6.80
6.50
6.40
8.45
8.00
7.95

00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
24
24
32
32
32
36
38
32
33
33
2111202
0024
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.020
0.040
0.070
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.070
0.030
0.030
0.030
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.020
0.040
0.130
0.110
0.120
0.370
0.830
0.060
0.050
0.040
00665
PHOS-TOT

MG/L P
0.043
0.024
0.030
0.030
0.032
0.168
0.479
0.055
0.047
0.049
00666
PHOS-DIS

MG/L P
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.009
0.011
0.127
0.199
0.018
0.010
0.017
                      32217
  DATE   TIME DEPTH CHLRPHYL
  FROM    OF           A
   TO    DAY  FEET    UG/L

72/05/29 19 30 0000      9.5J
72/08/01 11 30 0000     37.3J
72/10/04 12 40 0000     53.OJ
           J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROR

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/36
                                                                  090208
                                                                 41 41 44.0 073 13 45.0
                                                                 BANTAM LAKE
                                                                 09      CONNECTICUT
  DATE   TIME DEPTH
  FROM    OF
   TO    DAY  FEET
72/08/01
72/10/04
12 00 0000
12 00 0004
12 00 0010
12 25 0000
12 25 0004
12 ?5 0008
             00010
            WATER
             TEMP
             CENT
23.2
22.9

16.2
16.1
        00300     00077     00094
         DO      TRANSP   CNDUCTVY
                 SECCHI   FIELD
        MG/L     INCHES   MICROMHO
7.2
6.2

9.6
9.0
39
105
105
105
120
120
120
11EPALES
3
00400
PH

SU
7.00
6.90
6.80
8.75
8.65
8.60

00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
35
34
33
33
31
30
2111202
0014
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.060
0.060
0.060
0.030
0.030
0.030
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.130
0.120
0.140
0.050
0.070
0.060
00665
PHOS-TOT

MG/L P
0.037
0.037
0.045
0.048
0.044
0.067
00666
PHOS-OIS

MG/L P
0.009
0.011
0.010
0.017
0.017
0.019
                      32217
  DATE   TIME DEPTH CHLRPHYL
  FROM    OF           A
   TO    DAY  FEET    UG/L
72/08/01 12 00 0000
72/10/04 12 25 0000
                8.2J
               47.9J
          J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROR

-------
       APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
  TREATMENT PLANT DATA

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/26
                                                                  0902A1           LS0902A1
                                                                 41  43 00.0  073  13 30.0
                                                                 BANTAM RIVER
                                                                 09011   7.5 LITCHFIELD
                                                                 0/8ANTAM LAKE
                                                                 NORTH SHORE RO  BRDG
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET

DATE
FROM
TO
72/08/19
72/09/16
72/10/14
72/11/11
72/12/26
73/02/21
73/03/17
73/03/30
73/04/23
73/06/21
73/07/18
73/08/15
73/09/12

TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
11 30
11 35
10 30
09 05
14 20
14 25
10 15
11 00
16 08
10 10
11 25
10 30
13 15
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.050
0.052
0.060
0.055
0.360
0.180
0.220
0.150
0.014
0.013
0.056
0.094
0.100
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
1.100
1.100
0.950
0.575
0.340
0.370
0.360
0.520
0.220
2.900
1.200
0.480
0.660
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.120
0.048
0.092
0.060
0.044
0.018
0.027
0.007
0.012
0.084
0.082
0.072
0.032
00671
PhOS-DIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
0.016
0.016
0.013
0.012
0.007
0.005K
0.011
0.005K
0.005K
0.012
0.026
0.025
0.027
00665
PHOS-TOT

MG/L P
0.048
0.082
0.077
0.024
0.020
0.030
0.020
0.030
0.025
0.030
0.075
0.080
0.090
DEPTH
            K VALUE KMOWN TO BE
            LESS THAN INDICATED

-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/26
                                                                  0902A2          LS0902A2
                                                                 41  43 30.0  073 12 30.0
                                                                 BANTAM RIVER
                                                                 09       7.5 LITCHFIELD
                                                                 I/HANTAM LAKE
                                                                 WERSTER RD  BROG
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000  FEET
DATE
FROM
TO
72/08/19
72/09/16
72/10/14
72/11/11
72/12/26
73/02/21
73/03/17
73/03/30
73/04/23
73/05/10
73/06/21
73/07/18
73/08/15
73/09/12
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N028.N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
11
11
10
10
11
14
09
10
16
10
10
11
10
13
10
40
20
00
05
15
25
45
20
00
00
15
15
00
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.089
.096
.140
.034
.357
.360
.210
.189
.054
.100
.098
.054
.052
.075
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
0.
0.
0.
700
700
550
500
290
750
520
640
440
820
500
800
460
600
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
092
116
110
042
038
056
026
029
027
067
180
110
072
063
MG/L P
0.021
0.015
0.012
0.008
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.009
0.011
0.028
0.030
0.017
0.023
MG/L P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.040
.036
.032
.025
.016
.020
.020
.030
.035
.035
.065
.060
.055
.060
DEPTH

-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/26
                                                                  0902A3          LS0902A3
                                                                 41  45 50.0  073 11 28.0
                                                                 BANTAM RIVER
                                                                 09       7.5 W  TORRINGTON
                                                                 I/BANTAM LAKE
                                                                 NORFOLK RD  8ROG BELO JR REPUB OF CT STP
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET  DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/09/16
72/10/14
72/11/11
72/12/26
73/02/21
73/03/17
73/03/30
73/04/23
73/05/10
73/06/21
73/07/18
73/08/15
73/09/12
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
10
09
09
10
14
08
10
15

09

10
13
55
55
10
30
00
25
25
50

35

45
30
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.107
.130
.036
.357
.260
.210
.115
.130
.080
.160
.077
.082
.099
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
450
500
400
720
300
560
390
980
870
580
540
960
635
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
060
069
034
063
048
036
054
100
052
054
056
058
029
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
P
014
013
008
015
007
006
027
026
027
048
039
024
026
MG/L P
0.043
0.035
0.026
0.029
0.030
0.020
0.045
0.060
0.040
0.095
0.070
0.085
0.080

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/26
                                                                  0902B1           LS0902B1
                                                                 41 41 00.0 073 13 30.0
                                                                 WHITTLESEY BROOK
                                                                 09      7.5 LITCHFIELO
                                                                 T/BANTAM LAKE
                                                                 EAST SHORE RO BROG
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET
DATE
FROM
TO
72/09/16
72/10/14
72/11/11
73/02/21
73/03/17
73/03/30
73/04/23
73/06/21
73/07/18
73/08/15
73/09/1?
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
11
10
08
14
06
10
16
09
11
11
14
10
10
30
40
50
40
30
50
05
15
00
MG/L
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.520
.530
.039
.020
.220
.770
.530
.850
.480
.660
.690
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
500
600
775
560
400
260
890
460
400
200
400
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
061
100
034
056
024
015
040
031
042
069
063
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
P
009
015
006
006
005
005K
009
016
016
022
023
MG/L P
0.042
0.036
0.025
0.075
0.020
0.020
0.025
0.040
0.030
0.260
0.250
DEPTH
              K  VALUE  KNOWN  TO  *E
              LESS  THAN

-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/26
                                                                  0902C1          LS0902C1
                                                                 41 47 00.0 073 12 30.0
                                                                 W BRANCH BANTAM RIVER
                                                                 09      7.5 W TORRINGTON
                                                                 T/BANTAM LAKE
                                                                 ST HWY 63 BROG ABOVE STP
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET
DATE
FROM
TO
72/08/19
72/09/16
72/10/14
72/11/11
72/12/26
73/02/21
73/03/17
73/03/30
73/04/23
73/05/10
73/05/10
73/06/21
73/07/18
73/08/15
73/09/12
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
09
10
09
08
10
12
07
10
15
09

09
10
11
13
40
35
40
25
20
35
30
15
45
22

20
40
op
45
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.104
.138
.042
.039
.340
.252
.210
.088
.130
.018
.058
.230
.066
.126
.147
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
2
0

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
925
500
550
450
390
000
540

300
760
460
950
540
560
710
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.054
0.062
0.066
0.046
0.018
0.110
0.031
0.060
0.083
0.042
0.031
0.042
0.032
0.024
0.019
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
P
027
020
010
007
006
030
012
013
021
008
016
039
0.030
0.
0.
031
034
MG/L P
0.039
0.048
0.027
0.026
0.010
0.065
0.020
0.015
0.060
0.023
0.040
0.060
0.050
0.070
0.075
DEPTH

-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/26
                                                                  090201          LS0902D1
                                                                 41 47 30.0 073 12 00.0
                                                                 E BRANCH BANTAM RIVER
                                                                 09      7.5 M TORRINGTON
                                                                 T/9ANTAM LAKE
                                                                 DEMING RD 8RDG ABOVE STP
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET
DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/08/19
72/09/16
7P/10/14
72/11/11
7?/ 12/26
73/02/21
73/03/17
73/03/30
73/04/23
73/05/10
73/06/21
73/07/18
73/08/15
73/09/12
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEF.T

10
09
08
10
13
07
10
15

09
10
11
14

45
45
50
25
45
55
20
40

25
45
30
15
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.420
.410
.380
.042
.690
.850
.336
.600
.350
.340
.160
.270
.110
.126
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
200
200
400
755
170
115
400
100K
170
340
000
700
460
970
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PH05-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
042
048
056
066
016
014
042
009
018
015
147
027
097
099
MG/L
0.
p
019
O.OOfi
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
007
008
010
005K
010
005K
005K
006
014
008
005K
007
MG/L P
0.019
0.024
0.011
0.023
0.012
0.020
0.040
0.010
0.010
0.015
0.035
0.075
0.045
0.050
           K VALUE KNOVN TO
           LESS THAN

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/27
                                                                  090250          AS090250     P003500*
                                                                 41 47 00.0 073 12 30.0
                                                                 CT JUNIOR REPUBLIC
                                                                 09      7.5 W TORRINGTON
                                                                 T/BATAM LAKE
                                                                 BANTAM RIVER
                                                                 11EPALES             2141204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET  DEPTH
                      00630     00625
  DATE   TIME DEPTH N02&N03   TOT KJEL
  FROM    OF        N-TOTAL      N
   TO    DAY  FEET

73/01/31 11 00
CPCT)-
73/01/31 16 00
73/02/28 11 00
CP(T)-
73/02/28 16 00
73/03/30 11 00
CP-
73/04/30 16 00
73/05/31 11 00
CP(T)-
73/05/31 16 00
73/06/30 11 00
CP-
73/06/30 16 00
73/07/31 11 00
CP(T)-
73/07/31 16 00
73/09/01 11 00
CP(T)-
73/09/01 16 00
73/09/29 11 00
CP(T)-
73/09/29 16 00
73/11/01 11 00
CPU)-
73/11/01 16 00
73/l?/ll 11 00
CPU)-
73/12/11 16 00
74/01/16 11 00
CP(T)-
74/01/16 16 00
MG/L
3.400
2.100
0.870
42.500
2.100
1.900
9.200

15.400
3.800
3.360
0.720
MG/L
19.900
24.000
18.000
3.600
6.100
6.900
3.700
2.000
0.800
14.000
17.500
?4.000
 00610     00671     00665     50051     50053
NH3-N    PHOS-OIS  PHOS-TOT    FLOW    CONDUIT
TOTAL     ORTHO                RATE    FLOW-MOD
 MG/L     MG/L P    MG/L P   INST MOD  MONTHLY
  9.950
  9.500
7.380
7.380
  0.057     4.400
          4.700
  1.260     0.940
          4.400
  2.400     5.600
  6.325     8.250
          6.200
0.008
  0.510     7.737     8.096     0.006
          9.000     0.010
0.010
 15.200     3.800     4.200     0.008     0.010
  9.100    11.000    14.000     0.008     0.010
          o.ooe     o.oio
  0.670    10.800    11.000     0.010     0.010
  1.800    10.000    11.500     0.008     0.010
          0.008     0.010
            3.220     3.400     0.010     0.010
                              0.006
          0.010     0.006
                    0.008
7.200     8.300     0.008     0.010

-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 74/11/27
  DATE
  FROM
   TO

74/02/06
CP(T>-
74/02/06
             00630
TIME DEPTH N02&N03
 OF        N-TOTAL
DAY  FEET    MG/L
11 00
16 00
              4.800
20.000
                                                                  090250          AS090250
                                                                 41 47 00.0 073 12 30.0
                                                                 CT JUNIOR REPUBLIC
                                                                 09      7.5 W TORRINGTON
                                                                 T/BATAM LAKE
                                                                 BANTAM RIVER
                                                                                      P003500*
11EPALES
4
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
00671
PHOS-DIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
50051
FLOW
RATE
INST MGD
2141204
0000 FEET
50053
CONDUIT
FLOW-MGD
MONTHLY
                                                                                                DEPTH
H.500
3.400
3.900
8.000
10.000

-------