U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
BEISIE LAKE
BENZIE COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 185
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
VJGPO 697.032
-------
REPORT
ON
BETSIE LAKE
BENZIE COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 185
208
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND THE
MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
MARCH, 1975
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Michigan Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Summary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 10
V. Literature Reviewed 15
VI. Appendices 16
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FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response" to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Carlos Fetterolf,
Chief Environmental Scientist, Bureau of Water Management; and John
Robinson, Chief, Dennis Tierney, Aquatic Biologist, and Albert Massey,
Aquatic Biologist, Water Quality Appraisal Section, Bureau of Water
Management, Department of Natural Resources, provided invaluable lake
documentation and counsel during the course of the Survey. John Vogt,
Chief of the Bureau of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of
Public Health, and his staff were most helpful in identifying point
sources and soliciting municipal participation in the Survey.
Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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IV
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MICHIGAN
LAKE NAME
Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constant!'ne Res,
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Holloway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Mona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
White
COUNTY
Allegan
Kalamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon
-------
CD
JC
TO
BETSIE LAKE
® Tributary Sampling Site
X Lake Sampling Site
f Sewage Treatment Facility
(s Direct Drainage AreaLimits
? . 1 2 Mi.
Scale
86
Map Location
Michigan
4438'
86?06'
fol
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BETS IE LAKE
STORE! NO. 2610
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data show that Betsie Lake is eutrophic. Of the 35
Michigan lakes sampled in November when essentially all were
well-mixed, seven had less mean total phosphorus, four had less
mean dissolved phosphorus, and six had less mean inorganic nitro-
gen (these relatively low nutrient levels are indicative of a
short hydraulic retention time); of all 41 Michigan lakes sampled,
32 had greater mean Secchi disc transparency, but only six had less
mean chlorophyll a*.
Depression of dissolved oxygen occurred at 12 feet in June,
1972.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
The algal assay results show that Betsie Lake was phosphorus
limited at the time the assay sample was collected (09/15/72).
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation in June and November
as well.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources—During the Survey year, Betsie Lake
received a total phosphorus load at a rate nearly four times
* See Appendix A.
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the rate proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as "dangerous";
i.e., a eutrophic rate. However, Vollenweider's model probably
is not applicable to water bodies with short hydraulic retention
times, and the hydraulic retention time of Betsie Lake is certain
to be very short. For example,-if the mean depth of the lake is
as much as one-half of the maximum depth of 22 feet (i.e., a mean
depth of 11 feet), the mean hydraulic retention time would be a
very short four days, and it is quite likely that Vollenweider's
model does not apply to this lake.
It is calculated that the communities of Elberta and Frankfort
collectively contributed nearly 48% of the total phosphorus load
to Betsie Lake during the sampling year. Removal of 85% of the
phosphorus at these two point sources would lower the loading rate
2
from the 12.4 g/m /yr measured during the sampling year to about
2
7.4 g/m /yr. Considering the very short hydraulic retention time,
this sizable (41%) reduction of the phosphorus load should result
in improvement of the trophic condition of Betsie Lake, as well as
provide additional protection for Lake Michigan.
2. Non-point sources--Although the mean non-point phosphorus
export rate of the Betsie River drainage seems a little high (59
2
Ibs/mi /yr; see page 14), the export N/P ratio of 45/1 indicates
that if point sources are present, they are minor. However, the
-------
high drainage area to lake area ratio of 627/1 will ensure a
significant non-point contribution of phosphorus; and for
this reason, all phosphorus inputs to Betsie Lake should be
minimized to the greatest practicable degree.
-------
II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 250 acres.
2. Mean depth: unknown.
3. Maximum depth: 22 feet.
4. Volume: unknown.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix B for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean flow*
Betsie River 242.0 mi 344.3 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 2.6 mi 4.5-cfs
Totals 244.6 mi2 348.8 cfs
2. Outlet -
Betsie River 245.0 mi ** 348.8 cfs
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 30.4 inches.
2. Mean annual: 29.6 inches.
t Fetterolf, 1973.
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows for 74% of the
sampling sites are accurate within ±25%;and the remaining sites up to
±40%; and mean monthly flows, normalized mean monthly flows, and mean
annual flows are slightly more accurate than mean daily flows.
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".
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III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Betsie Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from a
number of depths at a single station on the lake (see map, page v).
During each visit, a single depth-integrated (near bottom to surface)
sample was collected for phytoplankton identification and enumeration;
and during the second visit, a single five-gallon depth-integrated
sample was collected for algal assays. Also each time, a depth-integrated
sample was taken for chlorophyll a_ analysis. The maximum depth sampled
was 18 feet.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary
is based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling
times, refer to Appendix C.
-------
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
Parameter Minimum
Temperature (Cent.) 6.2
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 9.8
Conductivity (ymhos) 310
pH (units) 7.6
Alkalinity (mg/1) 127
Total P (mg/1) 0.022
Dissolved P (mg/) 0.007
N0? + NO., (mg/1) 0.240
Ammonia fmg/1) 0.030
(11/12/72)
Mean Median
Maximum
6.2
9.9
313
7.6
128
0.025
0.008
0.240
0.033
6.2
9.9
310
7.6
127
0.022
0.007
0.240
0.030
6.2
10.0
320
7.6
129
0.031
0.011
0.240
0.040
ALL VALUES
Secchi disc (inches)
24
38
37
54
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B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampling
Date
06/17/72
09/15/72
11/12/72
Dominant
Genera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Navicula
Cocconeis
Achnanthes
Synedra
Cymbella
Other genera
Melosira.sp^
Melosira granulata
Microcystis
Dinobryon
Synedra
Other genera
Total
Anabaena
Raphidiopsis
Lyngbya
Frag il aria
Melosira
Other genera
Number
per ml
624
461
380
262
244
760
2,731
8,225
4,094
435
326
217
616
13,913
11,
7,
1,
392
722
519
90
54
199
Total
20,976
-------
8
2. Chlorophyll a^ -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent),
Sampling Station
Date Number
06/17/72 01
09/15/72 01
11/12/72 . 01
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked
Ortho P Inorganic N
Spike (mg/1 ) Cone, (mg/1 ) Cone, (mg/1)
Control 0.010 0.142
0.010 P 0.020 0.142
0.020 P 0.030 0.142
0.050 P 0.060 0.142
0.050 P + 5.0 N 0.060 5.142
0.050 P + 10 N 0.060 10.142
10.0 N 0.010 10.142
2. Discussion -
The control yield of the assay alga,
cornutum, indicates that Betsie Lake had
Chlorophyll a
(yg/1)
1.3
11.3
1.1
-
Maximum yield
(mg/1 -dry wt.)
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.3
24.6
26.1
3.3
Selenastrum capri
a moderately high
N/P
Ratio
14/1
7/1
-
potential primary productivity at the time the sample was
collected (09/15/72).
The N/P ratio of the control sample, and the lack of
response to the nitrogen only spike, show that the lake was
phosphorus limited at the time of sampling. However, the
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first phosphorus spike of only 0.010 mg/1 doubled the
orthophosphorus concentration in the sample, and nitrogen
then became limiting, so there was no marked yield response
to phosphorus (note the N/P ratio after the first addition
of phosphorus).
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation at the other
sampling times as well. The N/P ratios were 26/1 in June and
34/1 in November.
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10
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix D for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Michigan National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the tribu-
tary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the high runoff
months of April and June, when two samples were collected, and in January
when ice cover prevented sampling. Sampling was begun in October, 1972,
and was completed in October, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the year
of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by the
Michigan District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the tributary
sites nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were deter-
mined by using a modification of the U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loadings for "minor
tributaries and immediate drainage" ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.) were estimated
2
by using the nutrient loads, in Ibs/mi /year, in the Betsie River at
2
station A-2 and multiplying by the ZZ area in mi .
The operators of the Elberta and Frankfort wastewater treatment plants
provided monthly effluent samples and corresponding flow data.
* See Working Paper No. 1.
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11
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal* -
Pop. Mean Receiving
Name Served** Treatment Flow (mgd) Water
Elberta
Frankfort
542
1,660
prim.
clarifier
prim.
clarifier
0.136
0.414
Betsie Lake
Betsie Lake
2. Industrial - Unknown; reportedly (Ketelle and Uttormark,
1971), Betsie Lake receives industrial effluents.
* Anonymous, 1972.
** 1970 Census.
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12
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Betsie River 14,240 51.5
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 150 . 0.5
c. Known municipal STP's -
Elberta 2,160 7.8
Frankfort 11,040 40.0
d. Septic tanks - Unknown ?
e. Industrial - Unknown ?
f. Direct precipitation* - 40 0.2
Total 27,630 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - to Lake Michigan 23,560
3. Net annual P accumulation - 4,070 pounds
* See Working Paper No. 1.
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13
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs N/ % of .
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Betsie River 652,060 93.0
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 7,000 1.0
c. Known municipal STP's -
Elberta 8,400 1.2
Frankfort 31,280 4.5
d. Septic tanks - Unknown ?
e. Industrial - Unknown ?
f. Direct precipitation* - 2,410 0.3
Total 701,150 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - to Lake Michigan 588,590
3. Net annual N accumulation - 112,560 pounds
* See Working Paper No. 1.
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14
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
Tributary Ibs P/mi2/yr Ibs N/mi2/yr N/P Ratio
Betsie River 59 2,694 46/1
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
receiving water would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic
if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would be consid-
ered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units
Ibs/acre/yr
grams/m^/yr
Total
110.5
12.39
Accumulated Total Accumulated
16.3
1.82
2,804.6
314.4
405.2
50.5
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/m^/yr) based on surface area and mean
outflow of Betsie Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 3.30
"Permissible" (oligotrophic rate) 1.65
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15
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Anonymous, 1972. Treatment plant questionnaires (Elberta and
Frankfort STP's). MI Dept. of Pub!. Health, Lansing.
Fetterolf, Carlos, 1973. Personal communication (lake morphometry).
MI Dept. of Nat. Resources, Lansing.
Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971. Problem lakes in
the United States. EPA Water Poll. Contr. Res. Ser., Proj.
#16010 EHR.
Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press). Input-output models. Schweiz,
Z. Hydrol.
-------
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOKAT RESERVOIR
26Ai CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 80AHDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLECAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHARLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
26
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 MIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MAROUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.134
0.009
0.007
0.016
0.043
0.032
0.069
-(•ALL VALUtS-
MEAN
OISS P
0.093
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.029
0.024
0.050
MEAN
INORG N
1.227
0.164
0.058
0.136
0.436
0.346
0.567
500-
MEAN SEC
462.667
380.000
268.500
420.833
407.889
448.667
419.800
MEAN
CHLOHA
5.583
2.966
1.043
9.217
11.967
11.833
11.117
15-
MIN DO'
8.420
13.000
9.400
8.200
14. BOO
8.600
13.600
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES KITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 BOARDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BtLLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETS1E LAKE
2613 BHIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHAHLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
26*0 JORDAN LAKE
2643 KENT LAKE
26*8 LAKE MACATAWA
2649 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGtRS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORD LAKE
2683 TMORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
2688 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P DISS P
46
29
97
20
23
26
77
31
91
49
71
34
0
11
57
9
80
37
69
6
74
60
86
54
40
66
3
14
( 16)
( 10)
( 34)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
( 27)
I 11)
( 32)
( 17)
( 25)
( 12)
( 0)
( 4)
( 20)
( 3)
I 28)
I 13)
( 24)
( 2)
( 26)
( 21)
( 30)
( 19)
I 14)
( 23)
( 1)
( 5)
43
54
97
31
20
37
77
23
91
71
83
29
0
11
69
14
74
40
63
6
66
57
80
46
26
60
3
9
( 15)
( 19)
( 34)
( 11)
( 7)
I 13)
< 27)
< 8)
( 32)
( 25)
( 29)
( 10)
( 0)
( 4)
( 24)
( 5)
( 26)
( 14)
( 22)
( 2)
( 23)
t 20)
( 28)
( 16)
( 9)
( 21)
< 1)
( 3)
MEAN
INORG N
17
0
69
31
14
20
80
34
83
94
40
11
23
6
63
3
77
54
51
43
86
57
74
9
26
66
37
46
( 6)
I 0)
( 24)
( 11)
I 5)
( 7)
( 28)
( 12)
I 29)
( 33)
< 14)
( 4)
( 8)
( 2)
( 22)
I 1)
( 27)
( 19)
( 18)
( 15)
( 30)
( 20)
( 26)
( 3)
( 9)
< 23)
( 13)
( 16)
500-
MEAN SEC
57
3
91
6
29
11
17
34
94
86
29
29
S4
69
40
0
46
60
66
23
63
9
20
51
37
80
43
77
( 20)
( 1)
( 32)
I 2)
( 9)
< 4)
( 6)
( 12)
( 33)
( 30)
( 9)
( 9)
( 19)
( 24)
( 14)
I 0)
( 16)
( 21)
( 23)
( 8)
( 22)
I 3)
( 7)
( 18)
( 13)
( 2B)
( IS)
( 27)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN 00
60
49
94
29
14
11
86
0
89
46
3
37
9
26
6
23
80
59
31
20
77
63
43
40
34
74
17
66
( 21)
( 17)
( 33)
( 10)
( 5)
( 4)
( 30)
( 0)
I 31)
( 16)
( 1)
I 13)
( 3)
( 91
( 2)
( 8)
I 28)
( 24)
( 11)
( 7)
1 271
( 22)
( 15)
( 14)
I 12)
( 26)
( 6)
( 23)
63
54
97
40
3
79
94
90
60
11
90
23
11
0
36
43
46
11
11
86
51
79
71
49
79
31
20
27
( 22)
( 19)
I 34)
( 14)
( 11
( *26)
( 33)
I 31)
I 21)
I 2)
( 31)
( 8)
( 2)
I 0)
( 12)
( 15)
( 16)
( 2)
( 2)
I 30)
( 18)
(26)
( 25)
( 17)
I 26)
I 11)
( 7)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
286
189
545
157
103
184
431
212
508
357
316
163
97
123
271
92
403
271
291
184
417
325
374
249
242
377
123
239
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MAROUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P DISS P
17
89
94
83
51
63
43
( 6)
(, 31)
( 33)
( 29)
< 18)
( 22)
<° 15)
17
89
94
B6
49
51
34
( 6)
( 31)
< 33)
( 30)
< 17)
( 18)
( .12)
MEAN
INORG N
29
89
97
91
60
71
49
( 10)
( 31)
( 34)
( 32)
< 21)
( 25)
( 17)
bOO-
MEAN SEC
14
89
97
71
83
49
74
( 5)
( 3D
< 34)
( 25)
( 29)
( 17)
( 26)
MEAN
CHLORA
83
91
97
71
51
54
57
( 29)
( 32)
( 34)
( 25)
( 18)
( 19)
( 20)
15-
MIN 00
69
36
57
79
11
66
27
( 24)
( 12)
( 20)
( 26)
( 2)
( 23)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
229
483
536
481
305
354
264
-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR MICHIGAN
2/3/75
LAKE COOE 2610 8ETSIE LAKE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE (SO. MI) 245.00
SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY AREAtSQ MI)
JAN
FEB
MAR
AHR
MAY
NORMALIZED FLOWS(CFS)
JUN JUL AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MEAN
2610AI
2610A2
2610ZZ
2*5.00
342.00
3.00
268.OU 270.00 396.00 735.00 439.00 336.00 267.00 245.00 268.00 290.00 350.00 321.00 348.76
265.00 266.00 393.00 725.00 433.00 332.00 263.00 242.00 265.00 286.00 346.00 317.00 344.27
3.00 4.00 5.00 10.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.50
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY
2610A1
2610A2
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
302.00
320.00
270.00
316.00
275.00
470.00
634.00
426.00
339.00
259.00
236.00
251. OU
275.00
298.00
316.00
267.00
312.00
272.00
464.00
626.00
421.00
335.00
256.00
233.00
248.00
272.00
29
27
29
3
3
8
13
14
14
12
8
3
29
27
29
3
3
8
13
14
14
12
8
3
322.00
335.00
260.00
337.00
423.00
625.00
438.00
316.00
256.00
230.00
237.00
265.00
318.00
331.00
257.00
J33.00
418.00
ble.OU
433.00
314.00
253.00
227.00
234.00
262.00
SUMMARY
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAtvE = 245.00
SUM OF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS = 245.00
TOTAL FLOW IN = 4187.00
TOTAL FLOW OUT = 4187.00
FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW
29
26
577.00
298.00
29
26
570.00
294.00
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOH MICHIGAN
2/3/75
LAKE CODE 2610
BETSIE LAKE
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND UAILY FLOWS(CFS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY
2610ZZ
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
4.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
6.00
8.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STOHET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/J4
261001
47 37 48.0 086 If 06.0
btTSIE LAKE
26 MICHIGAN
OU010
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER
FROM OF TEMP
TO DAY FEET CENT
00300 00077
DO TRANSP
SECCHI
MG/L INCHES
72/06/17
72/09/15
72/11/12
15
IS
11
11
11
15
15
15
14
14
37
37
37
30
30
30
0000
0012
0000
0004
0015
0000
0004
0018
17.
15.
17.
17.
6.
6.
4
1
4
4
2
2
9.
7.
9.
8.
9.
10.
0
6
0
8
8
0
11EPALES
3
2111202
0015 FEET
DEPTH
"1
,p
II
s
37
24
54
00094
CNDUCTVY
FIELD
MICROMHO
260
270
303
305
300
320
310
310
00400
PH
SU
8.07
8.03
7.95
7.9o
7.98
7.60
7.60
7.60
00410
T ALK
CACUj
MG/L
150
152
145
145
144
127
127
129
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.100
0.110
0.130
0.140
0.130
0.240
0.240
0.240
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.040
0.060
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.030
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.017
0.016
0.036
0.046
0.031
0.031
0.022
0.022
00666
PHOS-DIS
MG/L P
0.006
0.006
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.011
0.007
0.007
32217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLRPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET UG/L
72/U6/17 15 14 0000 1.3J
72/09/15 11 37 0000 11.3J
72/11/12 15 30 oOOO l.U
J VALUE KNOWN TO '3t
-------
APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2610A1 LS2610A1
44 38 00.0 086 15 30.0
BETSIE LAKE.
26163 15 FRANKFORT
0/aETSIE LAKE
2ND ST IN FRANKFORT
11EPALES 211120
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/i)4
2610A2 LS2610A2
<*4 37 00.0 086 10 00.0
BETSIE RIVER
26 15 FRANKFORT
I/BETSIE LAKE
.25 MI BELO LEWIS BROG BELOBENZONIA STP
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/11/27
72/12/29
73/02/03
73/03/03
73/04/08
73/0^/29
73/05/13
73/06/14
73/06/26
73/07/14
73/08/12
73/09/08
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
10
16
10
08
08
12
12
15
09
22
08
07
16
25
54
25
25
10
00
34
00
12
05
00
45
25
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
c
0
0
0
0
0
.870
.280
.273
.252
.300
.210
.126
.130
.094
.120
.120
.126
.200
MG/L
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
500
420
760
500
250
490
100
4HO
785
58U
520
370
660
00610 00671 OU665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
U.
0.
0.
0.
120
015
260
049
036
056
065
022
035
020
065
020
052
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
P
005K
005K
005K
006
005K
007
007
005K
005K
010
005K
005K
005K
MG/L P
0.016
0.011
0.017
0.010
0.015
0.02U
0.020
0.025
0.035
0.035
0.025
0.025
0.020
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2610A3 LS2610A3
44 37 00.0 086 07 30.0
tiETSIE RIVER
26 15 FRANKFORT
r/BETSIE LAKE
bRQu 1.25 W ST HWY 115 A60V6ENZON1A STP
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/11/27
72/12/29
73/02/03
73/03/03
73/04/08
73/04/29
73/05/13
73/06/14
73/Ofc>/26
73/07/14
73/08/12
73/09/08
73/10/03
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02S.N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
17
10
08
08
12
12
15
09
22
08
08
ito
18
05
50
35
20
15
45
05
20
16
10
00
15
55
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.280
.280
.252
.300
.210
.138
.132
.110
.147
.126
.132
.132
.140
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
380
390
540
240
420
980
400
780
680
460
520
S40
820
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-uIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
j.
0.
0.
0.
0.
009
040
033
03*
056
052
042
042
030
052
027
0*6
027
MG/L P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
' 0
0
0
0
.005K
.005K
.005K
.005*
.007
.007
.006
.005K
.011
.005K
.030
.005K
.005K
MG/L P
0.012
O.OObK
0.010
0.015
0.015
0.020
0.025
O.u32
0.030
0.025
O.U60
0.030
0.020
K VALUE KNOwN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
26106)1 LS2610B1
4<* 39 00.0 086 08 JO.O
UNNAMED OUTLET CRYSTAL LAKE
26 15 FRANKFORT
T/BETSIE LAKE
ST HirfY 115 BRDG 1.75 MI W BENZONIA
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/11/27
72/12/29
73/02/03
73/03/03
73/04/08
73/04/29
73/05/13
73/06/14
73/06/26
73/07/14
73/08/12
73/09/08
73/10/03
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
16
09
08
07
11
12
15
08
21
07
07
16
18
30
50
00
45
15
35
35
50
38
30
20
50
00
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.048
.070
.075
.069
.062
.048
.054
.013
.017
.016
.010K
.014
.020
MG/L
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
390
540
520
120
140
850
050
630
540
260
420
200
150
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-D1S PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
014
025
020
017
018
028
082
037
027
038
016
077
020
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
005K
005K
005K
005K
005K
005K
005K
005K
006
005K
005K
007
005K
MG/L P
0.008
0.005K
0.005K
0.005K
0.005K
0.010
0.010
0.006
0.005K
0.010
0.010
0.005K
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
261050 PK261050 P000545
44 37 00.0 086 10 00.0
ELOERTA
26163 15 FRANKFOKT
U/BETSIE LAKE
bETSlE LAKE
11EPALES 2141204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
73/01/29
73/02/28
CPU>-
73/02/28
73/04/05
CP(T)-
73/04/05
73/05/14
CP-
73/05/14
73/06/04
CP(T)-
73/06/04
73/07/12
CP-
73/07/12
73/09/19
CP(T>-
73/09/19
73/10/18
CPU)-
73/10/18
73/11/26
CP(T>-
73/11/26
74/03/12
CP(T>-
74/03/12
74/04/21
CP(T)-
74/04/21
74/05/28
74/06/24
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
08
08
17
08
13
08
17
08
17
07
17
08
17
08
17
09
12
09
16
09
16
14
15
10
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
30
00
MG/L
1
1
1
0
1
1
5
0
0
2
1
1
1
.500
.000
.500
.990
.570
.540
.400
.OlOK
.660
.000
.4dO
.240
.6uO
MG/L
15.000
24.000
22.000
14.400
20.000
16.800
16.300
21.000
19.500
11.000
26.000
22.000
9.400
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
1.370
5.200
4.100
0.150
3.760
1.760
3.320
8.600
2.770
0.240
0.630
4.000
0.015
MG/L P
2.100
2.800
3.200
2.300
3.060
2.100
2.400
3.300
2.970
2.000
2.200
3.300
1.480
50051 50053
FLOW CONDUIT
RATE FLOW-MGD
MG/L P INST
4. 200
5.100
6.800
5.700
5.700
3.450
6.500
4.400
5.600
5.900
4. <+00
^
8.100
4.500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MGD MONTHLY
.147
.129
.140
.132
.155
.165
.110
.110
.112
.124
.121
.207
.248
0.132
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.141
0.160
0.125
0.155
0.116
0.130
0.123
0.158
0.236
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
261051 PR261051 P001750
44 38 00.0 086 10 00.0
FRANKFORT
26 15 FRANKFORT
D/BETSIE LAKE
8ETSIE LAKE
11EPALES 2141204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630 00625
DATE TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
FROM OF N-TOTAL N
TO DAY FEET MG/L MG/L
73/01/25 08 00
CP(T>-
73/01/25 17 00
63/02/12 OB 00
CP(T)-
73/02/12 OS 00
73/03/06 08 00
CP(T)-
73/03/06 17 00
73/04/16 08 30
CPU>-
73/04/16 16 15
73/05/21 08 00
CP(T>-
73/05/21 16 30
73/06/29 08 30
CP(T>-
73/06/29 16 30
73/07/10 08 00
CP(T>-
73/07/10 16 30
73/08/08 08 30
CP(T>-
73/08/08 16 00
73/09/10 08 15
CP(T)-
73/09/10 16 30
73/10/08 08 30
CP(T>-
73/10/08 16 45
73/11/05 08 15
cpm-
73/11/05 16 40
73/12/07 08 20
CP(T)-
73/12/07 16 40
l.SOO
1.700
1.500
0.980
1.000
1.000
0.018
0.130
0.110
0.280
0.130
1.260
19.900
24.000
20.000
17.000
31.000
24.000
32.600
22.000
26.000
26.000
27.000
25.000
00610 00671 00665 50051 50053
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT FLOW CONDUIT
TOTAL ORTHO RATE FLOW-MGD
MG/L MG/L P MG/L P INST MGO MONTHLY
2.100 3.100 6.860
3.700 3.100 7.500
1.160
6.100
3.040
3.400
4.800
9.550
7.400
3.000
6.400 10.000
5.100
9.900
0.513 0.420
0.394 0.464
1.470 2.900 8.300 0.472
5.800 10.500
0.388
0.400
0.406
2.600 5.900 0.488 0.474
2.400 4.300 10.080 0.510 0.460
3.400 6.800 0.437 0.474
7.500 13.500 0.328 0.368
3.620 7.000 0.492 0.431
5.100 9.700 0.368 0.438
0.367 0.336
0.351
0.377
-------
STOtfET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
261051 PK261051 P001750
44 38 00.0 086 10 00.0
FKANKFOKT
26 IS FKANKFORT
D/rftTSIE LAKE
oETSIt LAKE
11EPALES 2141204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
74/01/10
CP(T>-
74/01/10
00630
TIME DEPTH N02&N03
OF N-TOTAL
DAY FEET MG/L
08 30
16 45
0.440
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
00671
PHOS-UIS
00665
PhOS-TOT
50051
FLOW
UHTHO rtATE
MG/L
P
MG/L
P
INST
MGD
50053
CONDUIT
FLOrt-MGD
MONTHLY
21.000
1.400
5.800
10.500
0.351
0.379
------- |