U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
BRIGHTON LAKE
LIVINGSTON COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 187
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
697-032
-------
REPORT
ON
BRIGHTON LAKE
LIVINGSTON COIWIY
MICHIGAN
tPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 187
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND THE
MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
MARCH, 1975
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Michigan Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Summary ' 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 10
V. Literature Reviewed 15
VI. Appendices 16
-------
n
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)J, water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)L clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
-------
Ill
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; and Carlos
Fetterolf, Chief Environmental Scientist, and Dennis Tierney,
Aquatic Biologist, Bureau of Water Management, Department of Natural
Resources, provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during
the course of the Survey. John Vogt, Chief of the Bureau of Environ-
mental Health, Michigan Department of Public Health, and his staff
were most helpful in identifying point sources and soliciting municipal
participation in the Survey.
Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
-------
IV
LAKE NAME
Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constantine Res
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Holloway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Mona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
White
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COUNTY
Allegan
Kalamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon
-------
Map Location
BRIGHTON LAKE
® Tributary Sampling Site
X Lake Sampling Site
Sewage Treatment Facility
Direct Drainage AreaLimits
Urban Area
0 1/2 Mi.
-------
BRIGHTON LAKE
STORE! NO. 2613
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data show that Brighton Lake is eutrophic. Of the
35 Michigan lakes sampled in November when essentially all were
well-mixed, 23 had less mean total phosphorus, 26 had less mean
dissolved phosphorus, and 22 had less mean inorganic nitrogen;
of all 41 lakes sampled, 26 had greater mean Secchi disc trans-
parency, and none had more mean chlorophyll a*.
Ketelle and Uttormark (1971) report that Brighton Lake has
a long history of algal problems.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
Algal assay results show that Brighton Lake was phosphorus
limited at the time the assay sample was collected (04/30/73).
The 1972 lake data indicate nitrogen limitation in June and
September but phosphorus limitation in November.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources—During the sampling year, Brighton Lake
received a total phosphorus load at a rate of 3.6 Ibs/acre/yr
2
or 0.40 g/m /yr.. This rate is less than that proposed by
Vollenweider (in press) as "dangerous" but more than his suggested
"permissible" rate; i.e., the observed loading rate would be
considered somewhat greater than a mesotrophic rate (see page 14).
* See Appendix A.
-------
Now, Vollenweider's model may not apply to water bodies
with short hydraulic retention times, and the hydraulic
retention time of Brighton Lake is not known. However, it
seems reasonable to assume that the mean depth of this lake
is about ten feet (Tierney, 1974); but, even if the mean
depth is only five feet, Brighton Lake would have a mean
hydraulic retention time of 117 days, and it is likely that
Vollenweider's model does apply in this case.
During the sampling year, it is calculated that the City
of Brighton contributed about 59% of the total phosphorus load
to Brighton Lake. However, phosphorus removal has been prac-
ticed at the Brighton wastewater treatment plant since the
summer of 1970; and during the Survey year, it is calculated
that about 83% removal was achieved.
It is noted that an apparent phosphorus loss occurred during
the sampling year (see page 14), but it is believed that the
"loss" was due to phosphorus washout which would be expected
following a major reduction of point-source loads. Once a new
phosphorus equilibrium is established, it is probable that a
persistent phosphorus limitation will result, and nuisance
blooms of algae will diminish both in incidence and severity.
In fact, it is reported that algal problems were almost absent
in the summer of 1973 (McCauley, 1974).
-------
2. Non-point sources—On the basis of the low non-point
phosphorus export of Ore Creek during the sampling year (see
page 14), it does not appear that non-point loads are signifi-
cant.
In all, it is calculated that non-point sources, including
rainfall, contributed less than 38% of the total phosphorus
load during the sampling year.
-------
II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 600 acres.
2. Mean depth: unknown.
3. Maximum depth: unknown.
4. Volume: unknown.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix B for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean flow*
Ore Creek (B-l) 22.1 mi2 12.1 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 0.6 mi 0.8 cfs
Totals 22.7 mi2 12.9 cfs
2. Outlet -
Ore Creek (A-l) 23.6 mi2** 12.9 cfs
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 35.4 inches.
2. Mean annual: 31.0 inches.
t Fetterolf, 1973.
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows for 74% of the
sampling sites are accurate within ±25% and the remaining sites up to
±40%; and mean monthly flows, normalized mean monthly flows, and mean
annual flows are slightly more accurate than mean daily flows.
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".
-------
III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Brighton Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from a
single station on the lake and usually from two depths (see map, page
v). During each visit, a single depth-integrated (near bottom to
surface) sample was collected for phytoplankton identification and
enumeration. Also each time, a depth-integrated sample was collected
for chlorophyll ^analysis. The maximum depth sampled was four feet.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary
is based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling times,
refer to Appendix C.
A five-gallon depth-integrated algal assay sample was collected by
Survey limnologists in September, 1972. This sample was subsequently
lost in shipment, and personnel of the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources resampled the lake on April 10, 1973, and provided the algal
assay sample.
-------
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
(11/15/72)
Parameter Minimum Mean Median
Temperature (Cent.) 3.3
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 8.0
Conductivity (ymhos) 510
pH (units) 7.6
Alkalinity (mg/1) 189
Total P (mg/1) 0.104
Dissolved P (mg/1) 0.072
N02 + Nth (mg/1) 0.230
Ammonia ([mg/1) 0.780
Maximum
3.3
8.0
515
7.6
189
0.109
0.073
0.235
0.780
3.3
8.0
515
7.6
189
0.109
0.073
0.235
0.780
3.3
8.0
520
7.6
189
0.114
0.075
0.240
0.780
ALL VALUES
Secchi disc (inches)
28
44
36
68
-------
B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton (incomplete at this time)
Sampling
Date
06/15/72
09/21/72
11/15/72
Dominant
Genera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fragilaria
Scenedesmus
Asterionella
Di nobryon
Oocystis
Other genera
Total
Oscillator! a
Microcystis
Melosira
Aphanocapsa
Fragilaria
Other genera
Total
Flagellates
Chroococcus
Di nobryon
Cryptomonas
Crucigenia
Other genera
Number
per ml
4,985
3,328
1,205
1,024
994
1,310
12,846
5,931
344
72
58
51
36
242
Total
803
-------
8
2. Chlorophyll a_ -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling Station
Date Number
06/15/72 01
09/20/72 01
11/15/72 01
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient
Ortho P
Spike (mg/1) Cone, (mg/1 )
Control 0.011
0.01 P 0.021
0.02 P 0.031
0.05 P 0.061
0.05 P + 5.0 N 0.061
0.05 P + 10.0 N 0.061
10.0 N 0.011
2. Discussion -
The control yield of the assay
Chlorophyll a
(yg/i )
spiked -
Inorganic N
Cone, (mg/1)
0.140
0.140
0.140
0.140
5.140
10.140
10.140
51.4
77.4
3.9
Maximum yield
(mg/1 -dry wt.)
2.4
3.9
4.4
4.1
22.1
20.7
1.9
alga, Selenastrum capri-
cornutum, indicates that Brighton Lake had a moderately high
potential primary productivity at the time the sample was
collected (04/30/73). Also, the increased yield with the first
orthophosphorus spike indicates the lake was phosphorus limi-
ted. The lack of significant yield response after the first
phosphorus spike indicates the lake would become nitrogen
limited if the orthophosphorus concentrations were increased
to about 0.020 mg/1 (assuming no change in inorganic nitrogen).
-------
Note that the addition of only nitrogen resulted in a yield
not significantly different than the control yield.
The 1972 lake data indicate nitrogen limitation in June
and September (N/P ratios were about 1/1) but phosphorus
limitation in November (N/P = 14/1).
-------
10
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix D for data) .
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Michigan National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the tribu-
tary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the high runoff months
of April and May when two samples were collected. Sampling was begun in
October, 1972, and was completed in October, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the year
of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by the Michi-
gan District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the tributary sites
nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were determined
by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer program for
calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loadings for "minor tributaries
and immediate drainage" ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.) were estimated by using the
2
nutrient loads, in Ibs/mi /year, in Ore Creek at station B-l and multiply-
2
ing by the ZZ area by mi .
The operator of the Brighton wastewater treatment plant provided
nine monthly effluent samples and corresponding flow data.
* See Working Paper No. 1.
-------
11
A. Waste Sources:
,t
1. Known municipal
Name
Pop.
Served*
Brighton
2,457
Treatment
trickling
filter +
P-removal
Mean Receiving
Flow (mgd) Water
0.484 Ore Creek
2. Known industrial - None
t Sprow, 1973.
* 1970 Census.
-------
12
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Ore Creek (B-l) 700 32.6
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 20 0.9
c. Known municipal STP's -
Brighton 1,280 59.5
d. Septic tanks* - 60 2.8
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 90^ 4.2
Total 2,150 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Ore Creek 3,400
3. Net annual P loss - 1,250 pounds
* Estimate based on 90 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
-------
13
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
IDS N/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Ore Creek (B-l) 25,950 47.7
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 700 1.3
c. Known municipal STP's -
Brighton 18,590 34.2
d. Septic tanks* - 2,120 6.2
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 5.780 10.6
Total 53,140 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Ore Creek 34,900
3. Net annual N accumulation - 18,240 pounds
* Estimate based on 90 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
-------
14
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
Tributary IDS P/mi2/yr IDS N/mi2/yr
Ore Creek (B-l) 32 1,174
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
receiving water would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic
if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would be consid-
ered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
Ibs/acre/yr 3.6 ' loss* 88.6 30.4
grams/m2/yr 0.40 - 9.9 3.4
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/m2/yr) based on surface area and mean
outflow of Brighton Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 0.44
"Permissible" (oligotrophic rate) 0.22
* See Discussion, page 2.
-------
15
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Fetterolf, Carlos, 1973. Personal communication (lake morphometry).
MI ,Dept. of Nat. Resources, Lansing.
Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971. Problem lakes of the
United States. EPA Water Poll. Contr. Res. Ser., Proj. #16010 EHR.
McCauley, Robert F., 1974. Personal communication (Brighton waste
treatment; algal problems in the lake). Wolverine Engineering
Co., Mason.
Newton, Michael E., 1970. Brighton Lake fish mortality investigation
Livingston County. Staff Rept., MI Water Resources Comm., Lansing,
Sprow, David L., 1973. Treatment plant questionnaire (Brighton waste-
water treatment plant). MI Dept. Publ. Health, Lansing.
Tierney, Dennis, 1974. Personal communication (estimated mean depth
of Brighton Lake). MI Dept. of Nat. Resources, Lansing.
Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press). Input-output models. Schweiz.
Z. Hydro!.
Will son, Ronald B., 1968. Investigation of nuisance algae conditions
in the Huron River lakes, Livingston County. MI Dept. of Nat.
Resources, Lansing.
-------
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2bAO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 BOAHDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHARLEVOIX
2618 LAKt CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORO LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
2648 LAKE MACATAWA
2649 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORD LAKE
2683 THORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
26B8 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.062
0.117
0.006
0.123
0.121
0.118
0.025
0.109
0.007
0.044 '
0.027
0.105
0.372
0.180
0.040
0.197
0.018
0.087
0.027
0.246
0.026
0.034
0.016
0.042
0.083
0.027
0.307
0.163
-FALL VALUtS-
MEAN
01SS P
0.043
0.022
0.005
0.057
0.086
0.048
0.008
0.073
0.006
0.014
0.008
0.058
0.342 '
0.144
0.015
0.120
0.010
0.043
0.017
0.183
0.015
0.021
C.008
0.032
0.064
0.019
U.241
0.148
MEAN
INORG N
1.461
3.835
0.358
1.168
1.489
1.420
0.273
1.015
0.230
0.132
0.910
. 1.536
1.406
1.998
0.417
2.358
0.304
0.469
0.496
0.818
0.183
0.460
0.307
1.737
1.252
0.367
0.963
0.749
500-
MEAN SEC
439.375
473.000
363.500
470.222
456.167
465.250
461.667
456.000
351.250
404.333
456.167
456.167
441.667
427.667
455.000
477.600
451.333
436.444
430.667
.457.333
435.500
465.333
458.750
442.833
455.500
417.778
451.667
418.400
MEAN
CHLORA
10.678
11.967
1.267
20.311
27.800
28.262
4.567
44.233
3.008
13.483
39.317
14.733
28.500
20.517
33.944
25.600
6.317
9.511
16.083
27.217
8.133
10.383
13.791
14.650
15.667
9.211
27.783
10.067
15-
MIN DO
9.200
9.500
6.600
12.600
14.850
8.200N
7.400
7.500
9.240
14.800
7.500
14.000
14.800
14.900
13.000
12.200
11.380
14.800
14.800
8.020
9.600
8.200
8.300
10.800
8.200
13.400
14.100
13.600
-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.134
0.009
0.007
0.018
0.043
0.032
0.069
-rALL VALUC.S-
MEAN
OISS P
0.093
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.029
0.024
0.050
MEAN
INORli N
1.227
0.164
0.058
0.136
0.436
0.346
0.567
500-
MEAN SEC
462.667
380.000
268.500
420.833
407.889
448.667
419.800
MEAN
CHLOKA
5.583
2.986
1.043
9.217
11.967
11.833
11.117
15-
MIN 00'
8.420
13.000
9.400
8.200
14.800
8.600
13.600
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 BOAROMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHAHLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
2643 KENT LAKE
2648 LAKE MACATAWA
2649 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORO LAKE
2683 THORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
2688 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P UISS P
46
29
97
20
23
26
77
31
91
49
71
34
0
11
57
9
80
37
69
6
74
60
86
54
40
66
3
14
( 16)
( 10)
( 34)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
( 27)
( 11)
( 32)
( 17)
( 25)
( 12)
( 0)
( 4)
( 20)
< 3)
( 28)
( 13)
( 24)
( 2>
( 26)
( 21)
( 30)
( 19)
I 14)
( 23)
( 1)
( 5)
43
54
97
31
20
37
77
23
91
71
83
29
0
11
69
14
74
10
63
6
66
57
80
46
26
60
3
9
t 15)
( 19)
( 34)
( 11)
( 7)
( 13)
( 27)
( 8)
< 32)
( 25)
( 29)
( 10)
( 0)
( 4)
( 24)
( 5)
( 26)
( 14)
( 22)
( 2)
( 23)
( 20)
( 28)
( 16)
( 9)
( 21)
( 1)
( 3)
MEAN
INORG N
17
0
69
31
14
20
80
34
83
94
40
11
23
6
63
3
77
54
51
43
86
57
74
9
26
66
37
46
( 6)
( 0)
( 24)
( 11)
( 5)
( 71
( 28)
( 12)
( 29)
( 33)
( 14)
( 4)
( 8)
( 2)
( 22)
( 1)
( 27)
( 19)
( 18)
( 15)
( 30)
( 20)
( 26)
( 3)
( 9)
( 23)
( 13)
( 16)
500-
MEAN SEC
57
3
91
6
29
11
17
34
94
86
29
29
54
69
40
0
46
60
66
23
63
9
20
51
37
80
43
77
I 20)
( D
(32)
( 2)
( 9)
( 4)
( 6)
( 12)
( 33)
( 30)
( 9)
( 9)
I 19)
I 24)
( 14)
< 0)
( 16)
( 21)
( 23)
( 8)
( 22)
( 3)
( 7)
( 18)
( 13)
( 28)
( 15)
( 27)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN 00
60
49
94
29
14
11
86
0
89
46
3
37
9
26
6
23
80
69
31
20
77
63
43
40
34
74
17
66
( 21)
( 17)
( 33)
( 10)
( 5)
( 4)
( 30)
( 0)
( 3D
( 16)
( 1>
( 13)
( 3)
( 9)
< 2)
( 8)
( 28)
( 24)
( ID
( 7)
( 27)
I 22)
( 15)
( 14)
( 12)
( 26)
( 6)
( 23)
63
54
97
40
3
79
94
90
60
11
90
23
11
0
36
43
46
11
11
86
51
79
71
49
79
31
20
27
( 22)
I 19)
( 34)
( 14)
( 1)
( "26>
( 33)
( 31)
( 21)
( 2)
( 31)
I 8)
( 2)
( 0)
( 12)
( 15)
( 16)
( 2)
( 2)
( 30)
( 18)
( 26)
( 25)
( 17>
( 26)
( 11)
( 7)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
286
189
545
157
103
184
431
212
508
357
316
163
97
123 .
271
92
403
271
291
184
417
325
374
249
242
377
U3
239
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MAROUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P DISS P
17
89
94
83
51
63
43
( 6)
(t 31)
( 33)
( 29)
( 18)
( 22)
< 15)
17 (
89 (
94 (
86 (
49 (
51 (
34 (
6)
31)
33)
30)
17)
18)
12)
MEAN
INORG N
29 I
89 i
97 i
91 i
60 i
71
49 i
I 10)
( 31)
1 34)
( 32)
I 21)
t 25)
I 17)
500-
MEAN SEC
14
89
97
71
83
49
74
( 5)
( 3D
( 34)
( 25)
( 29)
( 17)
( 26)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN DO
83 i
91
97 <
71
51 i
54 i
57 '
I 29)
( 32)
( 34)
( 25)
I 18)
( 19)
I 20)
69
36
57
79
11
66
27
( 24)
( 12)
( 20)
< 26)
< 2)
( 23)
< 9)
INDEX
NO
229
483
536
481
305
354
284
-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR MICHIGAN
3/3/75
LAKE CODE 2613
BRIGHTON LAKE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE(SO MI)
23.60
SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY AREA(SQ MI)
2613A1
2613B1
2613ZZ
23.60
22.10
1.50
JAN
9.57
8.90
0.60
FEB
13.81
12.90
0.90
MAR
28.20
26.30
1.80
APR
31.46
29.50
2.(JO
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE =
SUM OF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS
MAY
20.12
18.80
1.30
23.60
23.60
NORMALIZED FLOWS(CFS)
JUN JUL AUG
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY
2613A1
2613B1
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
14.00
26.00
34.00
54.00
22.00
72.00
40.00
30.00
14.00
6.60
4.50
2.20
4.30
13.00
24.00
31.00
50.00
20.00
66.00
37.00
28.00
13.00
6.10
4.20
2.00
3.90
29
2
7
4
4
6
6
2
7
4
8
13
29
2
7
4
4
6
6
2
7
4
8
13
FLOW DAY
34.00
20.00
78.00
40.00
52.00
52.00
22.00
26.00
9.00
5.20
1.40
3.80
31.00
18.00
72.00
37.00
48.00
48.00
20.00
24.00
8.30
4.80
1.30
3.50
22
20
22
9.86
9.20
0.60
7.30
6.80
0.50
4.14
3.90
0.30
SEP
3.25
3.10
0.20
OCT
5.92
5.60
0.40
NOV
9.47
8.80
0.60
DEC
12.13
11.40
0.60
MEAN
12.92
12.09
0.83
SUMMARY
TOTAL FLOW IN =
TOTAL FLOW OUT =
155.20
155.23
FLOW DAY
FLOW
36.00
17.00
33.00
-------
FLOW INFORMATION FOK MICHIGAN 2/3/75
LA*E CODE 2bl3 bKlGHTON LAKE
MEAN MONTHLY FLOdS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFb)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAr^ MEAN FLOW HAY I-LO* DAY PLO* UAY FLOW
10
11
1?
1
?
3
4
s
6
7
8
9
10
72
Id
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
O.BO
1.60
2.00
3.20
1.30
4.30
2.40
1.6U
0.60
0.40
0.30
0.10
0.30
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2fol301
42 31 30.0 083 47 30.0
LAKE
MICHIGAN
11EPALES
DATE
FROM
TO
72/06/15
72/09/20
72/11/15
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
10 12 0000
14 20 0000
14 20 0004
11 40 0000
11 40 0004
00010
WATER
TtMP
CENT
22.2
21.3
3.3
00300
OU
MG/L
10.2
7.5
8.0
00077
TriANSP
SECCHI
INCHES
36
26
b8
00094
CNOUCfVY
FIELD
MictfOMHO
430
650
650
520
510
4
004UO
Ph
su
8.98
8.40
8.40
7.60
7.60
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
157
188
188
189
169
2111202
0000
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.040
0.110
0.120
0.230
0.240
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.050
0.360
0.360
0.780
0.780
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.620
0.642
0.644
0.104
0.114
00666
PHOS-DIS
MG/L P
0.220
0.485
0.482
0.072
0.075
32217
DATE TIME DtPTH CHLRPHYi.
FhfOK OF A
TO DAY FEET UG/L
72/06/15 10 .12 0000 51.4J
72/09/20 14 20 0000 77.4j
72/11/15 11 40 0000 3.9J
J VALUE KNOWN 10 BE IN E^ROK
-------
APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
STOKET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2613A1 LS2613A1
42 31 00.0 083 4« 00.0
bOUln OWE CKEEK
26 7.b riP-lGHTON
0/t)rtIGHTOiM LAKE
KL> bKDG w bIDE OF bKlGHTON LAKE
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/06
73/04/22
73/05/06
73/05/20
73/06/02
73/07/07
73/08/04
73/09/08
73/10/13
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&.N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
L>Af FEET
13
10
10
09
09
11
09
13
08
12
08
12
09
15
00
00
00
45
20
20
10
45
50
30
00
40
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.250
.390
.310
.290
.013
.019
.025
.010K
.017
.012
.010K
.010K
MG/L
2.
1.
0.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
850
260
857
USO
000
870
880
975
850
320
760
470
500
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PhOS-DIb PHOS-TOJ
TOTAL ORFHU
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
205
220
078
399
008
009
005K
OOU
Ol4
063
250
090
039
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
140
010
007
030
014
008
010
Oil
005K
105
189
088
018
MG/L P
0.357
0.036
0.06D
0.06C
0.075
0.055
0.080
0.072
0.060
0.220
0.300
0.250
0.090
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
L5261381
^2 31 30.0 083 47 30.0
UNNAMED CrtttK NE COrtNEK OF LAKE
26 7.5 BRIGHTON
T/BK1GHTON LAKE
rikOG 0.1 iM drtlGhTON LAKE RDABOV STP
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/02
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/06
73/04/22
73/05/06
73/06/02
73/07/07
73/08/04
73/09/08
73/10/13
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
13
09
11
12
09
11
09
08
12
12
09
00
30
00
30
30
15
10
50
45
15
30
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.150
.210
.420
.250
.690
.072
.038
.010K
.058
.034
.078
.046
MG/L
0.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
700
890
700
500
840
520
660
630
875
855
990
935
750
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PriOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
c.
0.
0.
160
058
076
032
033
023
025
019
144
040
063
170
081
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
p
006
006
005K
005K
006
005K
006
OOSK
018
017
020
007
007
MG/L P
0.018
0.020
0.019
0.020
0.030
0.015
0.025K
0.015
0.045
0.030
0.040
0.045
0.035
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
DATE
FROM
TO
73/01/18
73/02/14
73/03/15
73/07/27
73/08/28
73/09/14
73/10/17
73/11/15
73/12/14
TIME
OF
DAY
10 00
09 00
10 00
10 00
13 30
11 00
12 30
13 00
11 00
FEET
261350 P0261350 P002300
42 31 30.0 083 47 30.0
BRIGHTON
26 7.5 BRIGHTON
D/BKIGHTON LAKE
BRIGHTON LAKE
11EPALES 2141204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630
2^N03
TOTAL
MG/L
1.050
1.280
1.100
2.900
5.700
4.000
11.400
3.360
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
13.600
15.000
10.000
7.500
11.800
1.300
12.000
1.750
9.500
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
2.400
4.800
0.440
4.700
1.180
9.900
0.048
0.210
00671
PHOS-DIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
0.132
0.420
0.270
0.880
0.570
0.560
0.370
1.050
0.390
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.700
0.970
0.590
1.400
0.890
O.B20
0.490
1.050
50051
FLOW
RATE
INST MGD
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.550
0.580
0.550
0.560
0.570
0.520
50053
CONDUIT
FLOW-MGD
MONTHLY
0.480
0.500
0.480
0.350
0.520
0.510
0.520
0.510
0.510
------- |