U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
REMONTLAKE
NEWAYGO COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 194
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
ttGPO 697-032
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REPORT
ON
FREMONT LAKE
NEWAYGO COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 194
199
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND THE
MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
MARCH, 1975
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CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Michigan Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Summary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 9
V. Literature Reviewed 14
VI. Appendices 15
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n
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
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Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; and Carlos
Fetterolf, Chief Environmental Scientist, and Dennis Tierney,
Aquatic Biologist, Bureau of Water Management, Department of Natural
Resources, provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during
the course of the Survey. John Vogt, Chief of the Bureau of Environ-
mental Health, Michigan Department of Public Health, and his staff
were most helpful in identifying point sources and soliciting municipal
participation in the Survey.
Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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IV
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MICHIGAN
LAKE NAME
Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constantine Res
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Holloway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Mona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
White
COUNTY
Allegan
Kalamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
.Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon
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FREMONT LAKE
X Lake Sampling Site
® Tributary Sampling Site
J Sewage Treatment Facility
Direct Drainage Area Limits
Urban Area
[£ ! Mi.
Scale
Mich.
Map Location
43°29-
86^01'
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FREMONT LAKE
STORE! NO. 2631
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
On the basis of Survey data, it is concluded that Fremont
Lake is hypereutrophic. Of the 35 Michigan lakes sampled in
the fall when essentially all were well-mixed, none had higher
mean total and dissolved phosphorus, and only nine had more
mean inorganic nitrogen; of the 41 lakes sampled, only three
had more mean chlorophyll a^, but 22 had less mean Secchi disc
transparency*.
Dissolved oxygen was essentially depleted at 50 feet in
June*and was depleted at 30 feet and deeper in September.
Ketelle and Uttormark (1971) report that Fremont Lake has
a long history of algal blooms.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
The results of the algal assay show that Fremont Lake was
nitrogen limited at the time the sample was collected. The
lake data indicate nitrogen limitation at the other sampling
times as well.
* See Appendix A.
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C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources—During the sampling year, Fremont Lake
received a total phosphorus loading at a rate about six times
that proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as "dangerous"; i.e.,
at a rate far greater than a eutrophic rate (see page 13). Of
this load, it is calculated that the City of Fremont contributed
over 42%.
In the fall of 1974, the City of Fremont replaced the trick-
ling filter plant with a lagoon-flood irrigation system which
does not discharge to Fremont Lake. It is calculated that the
elimination of the City of Fremont phosphorus load reduced the
2
loading rate from the 2.97 g/m /yr measured during the Survey
2
sampling year to 1.71 g/m /yr. While the reduced rate is still
2
about four times the eutrophic rate of 0.46 g/m /yr, the sizable
(42%) reduction of the phosphorus input to this hypereutrophic
lake should result in some improvement in the trophic condition
once a new phosphorus equilibrium is established. However, if
the non-point phosphorus loads measured during the Survey samp-
ling year are typical of the Fremont Lake drainage (see below),
it appears that a marked improvement in the trophic condition of
the lake will require a reduction of non-point loads as well.
2. Non-point sources—Attention is called to what appear to
be extremely high mean non-point phosphorus loads in the Fremont
-------
Lake drainage (see page 13). These loads were far greater
than those of any of the other Michigan drainages sampled
during the Survey year.
For example, the phosphorus export rate of the unnamed
creek (B-l; see map, page v) was four times that of the
o
nearby White River (76 Ibs/mi /yr) and was over five times
P
the export rate of the Muskegon River (59 Ibs/mi /yr) just
south and southwest of the Fremont Lake drainage area. Further,
the export rate of Daisy Creek (C-l) was more than 2% times
that of the unnamed creek and thus was over ten times the White
River rate and over 13 times the Muskegon rate.
Now, the cause of these unusual export rates is not known;
but there are no known point sources in the drainage, other
than the City of Fremont (Tierney, 1974). Whether the extremely
high non-point phosphorus loads are really typical of this
drainage or resulted from insufficient sampling, unusual weather
conditions during the Survey year, or other factors cannot be
determined from the data available at this time; and it is
concluded that additional, more intensive study is needed in
the drainage to determine the magnitude and significance of
non-point phosphorus loads.
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II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS:
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 790 acres.
2. Mean depth: 33.2 feet.
3. Maximum depth: 88 feet.
4. Volume: 26,228 acre-feet.
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 1.9 years.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix B for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean flow*
2
Daisy Creek 13.0 mip 12.4 cfs
Unnamed creek (B-l) 1.6 mi 1.5 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 4.5 mi 5.4 cfs
Totals 19.1 mi2 19.3 cfs
2. Outlet -
Brooks Creek 20.3 mi2** 19.3 cfs
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 32.6 inches.
2. Mean annual: 33.1 inches.
t MI Dept. Cons, lake inventory map (1952); mean depth by random-dot method.
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows for 74% of the
sampling sites are accurate within ±25% and the remaining sites up to
±40%; and mean monthly flows, normalized mean monthly flows, and mean
annual flows are slightly more accurate than mean daily flows.
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".
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III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Fremont Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from a
number of depths at a single station on the lake (see map, page v).
During each visit, a single depth-integrated (15 feet to surface)
sample was collected for phytoplankton identification and enumeration;
and during the second visit, a five-gallon depth-integrated sample was
collected for algal assays. Also each time, a depth-integrated sample
was collected for chlorophyll a_ analyses. The maximum depth sampled
was 75 feet.
The results obtained are .presented in full in Appendix C, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary
is based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling
times, refer to Appendix C.
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A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
Parameter
Temperature (Cent.)
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1)
Conductivity (ymhos)
pH (units)
Alkalinity (mg/1)
Total P (mg/1)
Dissolved P (mg/1)
NO2 + NO, (mg/1)
Ammonia fmg/1)
(11/13/72)
Minimum Mean
7,
6,
515
7,
160
0,
0,
0,
1
Secchi disc (inches) 49
Biological characteristics:
7 7.7
0 6.1
519
9 7.9
161
368 0.372
335 0.342
070 0.090
180 1.316
ALL VALUES
58
1. Phytoplankton* -
Sampli ng
Date
09/15/72
11/13/72
Dominant
Genera
1 . Microcystis
2. Anabaena
3. Dinobryon
4. Flagellates
5. Cryptomonas
Other genera
Total
1. Microcystis
2. Stephanodiscus
3. Oocystis
4. Staurastrum
5. Scenedesmus
Other genera
Total
Median
7.7
6.2
520
7.9
161
0.371
0.343
0.100
1.340
54
Maximum
7.7
6.2
520
7.9
162
0.378
0.344
0.100
1.370
72
Number
per ml
2,080
669
434
253
217
1,139
4,792
296
209
202
195
188
848
1,938
The June sample was lost in shipment.
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2. Chlorophyll a_ -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a^
Date Number (yg/1)
06/13/72 01 50.9
09/15/72 01 26.3
11/13/72 01 8.3
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked -
Ortho P Inorganic N Maximum yield
Spike (mg/1) Cone, (mg/1) Cone, (mg/1) (mg/1-dry wt.)
Control
0.010 P
0.020 P
0.050 P
0.050 P + 5.0 N
0.050 P + 10.0 N
10.0 N
2. Discussion -
The control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capri-
cornutum, indicates that the potential primary productivity
of Fremont Lake was very high at the time the sample was
collected (09/15/72). Also the lack of significant change
in yields with increased levels of orthophosphorus, until
nitrogen was also added, shows that the lake was nitrogen
limited. Note that the addition of only nitrogen resulted
in a yield significantly greater than the control yield.
0.400
0.410
0.420
0.450
0.450
0.450
0.400
1.918
1.918
1.918
1.918
6.918
11.918
11.918
44.0
50.9
48.5
52.2
205.7
187.1
167.1
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8
Nitrogen limitation is also indicated by the lake data;
i.e., the nitrogen to phosphorus ratios were less than 6 to
1 at all sampling times.
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IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix D for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Michigan National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the
tributary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the high
runoff months of April or May and June when two samples were collected.
Sampling was begun in October, 1972, and was completed in September, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the year
of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by the Michi-
gan District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the tributary sites
nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were determined
by using a modification of a U.S. Geoloqical Survey computer program for
calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loadings for unsampled "minor
tributaries and immediate drainage" ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.) were estimated by
2
using the nutrient loads, in Ibs/mi /year, at station B-l and multiplying
2
by the ZZ area in mi .
The operator of the Fremont wastewater treatment plant provided
monthly effluent samples and corresponding flow data. In the following
loading tables, the loads attributed to Daisy Creek are those measured
at station C-l minus the Fremont loads.
* See Norking Paper No. 1.
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10
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal* -
Pop. Mean Receiving
Name Served Treatment Flow (mgd) Water
Fremont 3,465** trickling 0.471 Daisy Creek
filter
2. Known industrial - None
* Wetzel, 1973.
** 1970 Census.
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11
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs P/ % of
Source ,yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Daisy Creek 10,020 47.8
Unnamed creek (B-l) 490 2.3
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 1,380 6.6
c. Known municipal STP's -
Fremont 8,870 42.4
d. Septic tanks* - 60 0.3
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 120 0.6
Total 20,940 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Brooks Creek 11,070
3. Net annual P accumulation - 9,870 pounds
* Estimate based on 100 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
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12
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs N/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Daisy Creek 59,210 51.1
Unnamed creek (B-l) 5,730 4.9
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 16,110 13.9
• c. Known municipal STP's -
Fremont 24,780 21.4
d. Septic tanks* - 2,350 2.0
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 7,610 6.7
Total 115,790 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Brooks Creek 84,130
3. Net annual N accumulation - 31,660 pounds
* Estimate based on 100 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
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13
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
2 2
Tributary Ibs P/mi /yr Ibs N/mi /yr N/P Ratio
Daisy Creek 771 4,555 , 6/1
Unnamed creek (B-l) 306 3,581 12/1
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
receiving waters would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligb-
trophic if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would
be considered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
Ibs/acre/yr 26.5 12.5 146.6 40.1
grams/m2/yr 2.97 1.40 16.4 4.5
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus (g/m2/yr) based on mean
depth and mean hydraulic retention time of Fremont Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 0.46
"Permissible" (oligotrophic rate) 0.23
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14
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Carbine, Robert, 1974. Personal communication (status of Fremont STP
conversion). Fremont Wastewater Treatment Plant, Fremont.
Fetterolf, Carlos, 1973. Personal communication (mean depth of
Fremont Lake). MI Dept. Nat. Resources, Lansing.
Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971. Problem lakes of the
United States. EPA Water Poll. Contr. Res. Ser., Proj. 16010 EHR.
Tierney, Dennis, 1974. Personal communication (point sources in the
Fremont Lake drainage). MI Dept. Nat. Resources, Lansing.
Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press). Input-output models. Schweiz.
Z. Hydro!.
Wetzel, Michael C., 1973. Treatment plant questionnaire (Fremont STP).
MI Dept. Public Health, Lansing.
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15
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26A1 CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 BOAKDMAN HrORO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHARLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEHUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORO LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
26<>8 LAKE MACATAWA
26<>9 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS PONO
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORD LAKE
2683 THORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
2688 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.062
0.117
0.006
0.123
0.121
0.118
0.025
0.109
0.007
0.044 '
0.027
0.105
0.372
0.180
0.040
0.197
0.018
0.087
0.027
0.246
0.026
0.034
0.016
0.042
0.083
0.027
0.307
0.163
rALL VBLUta-
MEAN
D1SS P
0.043
0.022
0.005
0.057
0.086
0.048
0.008
0.073
0.006
0.014
0.008
0.058
0.342 '
0.144
0.015
0.120
0.010
0.043
0.017
0.183
0.015
0.021
0.008
0.032
0.064
0.019
0.241
0.148
MEAN
INORG N
1.461
3.835
0.358
1.168
1.489
1.420
0.273
1.015
0.230
0.132
0.910
, 1.536
1.406
1.998
0.417
2.358
0.304
0.469
0.496
0.818
0.183
0.460
0.307
1.737
1.252
0.367
0.963
0.749
500-
MEAN SEC
439.375
473.000
363.500
470.222
456.167
465.250
461.667
456.000
351.250
404.333
456.167
456.167
441.667
427.667
455.000
477.600
451.333
436.444
430.667
.457.333
435.500
465.333
458.750
442.833
455.500
417.778
451.667
418.400
MEAN
CHLORA
10.678
11.967
1.267
20.311
27.800
28.262
4.567
44.233
3.008
13.483
39.317
14.733
28.500
20.517
33.944
25.600
6.317
9.511
16.083
27.217
8.133
10.383
13.791
14.650
15.667
9.211
27.783
10.067
15-
MIN DO
9.200
9.500
• 6.600
12.600
14.850
8.200
7.400
7.500
9.240
14.800
7.500
14.000
14.800
14.900
13.000
12.200
11.380
14.800
14.800
8.020
9.600
8.200
8.300
10.800
8.200
13.400
14.100
13.600
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.134
0.009
0.007
0.018
0.043
0.032
0.069
-r ALL v«uuto-
MEAN
DISS P
0.093
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.029
0.024
0.050
MEAN
INORG N
1.227
0.164
0.058
0.136
0.436
0.346
0.567
500-
MEAN SEC
462.667
380.000
268.500
420.833
407.889
448.667
419.800
MEAN
CHLOKA
5.583
2.986
1.043
9.217
11.967
11.833
11.117
15-
MIN 00'
8.420
13.000
9.400
8.200
14.800
8.600
13.600
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER Or LAKES KITH HIGHER VALUES!
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARD RESERVOIR
26A2 BOAMOMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHARLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26<>3 KENT LAKE
2648 LAKE MACATAWA
2649 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORD LAKE
2683 THORNAPPLE LAKE
26H5 UNION LAKE
26B8 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P UISS P
46
29
97
20
23
26
77
31
91
49
71
34
0
11
57
9
80
37
69
6
74
60
86
54
40
66
3
14
I 16)
( 10)
( 34)
( 7)
( 8)
I 9)
( 27)
( 11)
1 32)
< 171
( 25)
( 12)
( 0)
( 4)
( 20)
< 31
( 28)
< 13)
( 241
1 21
( 26)
( 21)
( 30)
I 19)
I 14)
( 23)
( 11
I 5)
43
54
97
31
20
37
77
23
91
71
83
29
0
11
69
14
74
40
63
6
66
57
80
46
26
60
3
9
< 15)
( 19)
I 34)
( 11)
( 7)
( 13)
( 27)
( 8)
( 32)
( 25)
( 29)
( 101 .
( 0)
( 4)
( 24)
I 5)
( 26)
( 14)
( 22)
( 2)
( 23)
( 20)
( 28)
( 16)
I 9)
< 21)
< 1)
( :)i
MEAN
INORG N
17
0
69
31
14
20
80
34
83
94
40
11
23
6
63
3
77
54
51
43
86
57
74
9
26
66
37
46
( 6)
( 0)
( 24)
( 11)
I 5)
< 7)
( 28)
I 12)
( 29)
( 33)
( 14)
( 4)
I 8)
( 2)
( 221
( 11
( 27)
( 19)
( 18)
1 15)
( 301
I 20)
( 26)
( 3)
I 9)
( 23)
( 13)
( 161
500-
MEAN
57 1
3 1
91 <
6 (
29 (
11 (
17 (
34 (
94 (
86 I
29 1
29 (
54 <
69 1
40 (
0 (
46 <
60 <
66 (
23 (
63 <
9 (
20 (
51 (
37 (
80 1
43 (
77 (
SEC
20)
1)
32)
2)
9)
4)
6)
12)
33)
30)
9)
9)
19)
24)
14)
0)
16)
21)
23)
8)
22)
3)
7)
18)
13)
28)
15)
27)
MEAN
CHLOKA
60
49
94
29
14
11
86
0
89
46
3
37
9
26
6
23
80
69
31
20
77
63
43
40
34
74
17
66
( 21)
( 17)
1 331
( 10)
1 5)
1 4)
( 30)
( 0)
( 3D
( 161
< D
( 13)
( 3)
( 9)
( 2)
( 8)
< 28)
( 24)
( 11)
( 7)
( 27)
1 22)
( 15)
I 14)
< 12)
( 26)
( 61
I 23)
15-
NIN DO
63
54
97
40
3
79
94
90
60
11
90
23
11
0
36
43
46
11
11
86
51
79
71
49
79
31
20
27
( 22)
( 19)
( 34)
( 14)
( 1)
( "S6I
( 33)
( 3D
( 21)
( 2)
I 3D
1 8)
( 2)
( 0)
( 12)
< 15)
( 16)
1 2)
( 2)
( 30)
( 18)
( 26)
1 25)
< 17)
( 26)
C ID
( 7)
1 9)
NO
286
189
545
157
103
184
431
212
508
357
316
163
97
123
271
92
403
271
291
184
417
32S
374
249
242
377
123
239
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P UISS P
17
89.
94
83
51
63
43
( 6)
( 31)
( 33)
< 29)
( 18)
( 22)
( 15)
17
89
94
86
49
51
34
( 6)
( 31)
( 33)
< 30)
( 17)
( 18)
( 12)
MEAN
INORG N
29
89
97
91
60
71
49
( 10)
( 31)
( 34)
( 32)
( 21)
( 25)
( 17)
500-
MEAN SEC
14
89
97
71
83
49
74
( 5)
< 31)
( 34)
( 25)
( 29)
( 17)
( 26)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN 00
83
91
97
71
51
54
57
( 29)
( 32)
( 34)
( 25)
( 18)
( 19)
( 20)
69
36
57
79
11
66
27
( 24)
( 12)
( 20)
( 26)
( 2)
( 23)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
2
-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR MICHIGAN
3/3/75
LAKE CODE 2631
FREMONT LANE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE(SO Ml)
SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY AREA(SO MI)
JAN
FEd
20.30
MAR
APR
MAY
NORMALIZED FLOWS(CFS)
JUN JUL AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MEAN
2631A1
2631B1
2631C1
2631ZZ
20.30
1.59
13.00
5.71
18.90
1.50
12.10
5.30
20.20
1.60
12.90
5.70
27.80
2.20
17.60
7.80
32. tO
2.50
20.30
9.10
22.40
1.70
14.40
6.30
17.50
1.40
11.20
4.90
12.90
1.00
8.30
3.60
11.80
0.90
7.60
3.30
12. bO
1.00
8.10
3.50
15.20
1.20
9.70
4.30
19.00
1.50
12.20
5.30
20.80
1.60
13.40
5.80
19.27
1.51
12.36
5.40
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE =
SUM OF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS =
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR
2631A1
2631B1
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
FLOW
14.00
14.00
14.00
26.00
19.00
26.00
22.00
23.00
11.00
7.70
6.70
6. 10
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.70
0.50
0.70
0.60
0.60
0.40
O.JO
0.30
0.30
DAY
29
3
7
4
4
6
12
2
7
2S
29
29
3
7
4
<*
6
12
2
7
25
29
20.30
20.30
FLOW
20.00
14.00
20.00
24.00
28.00
23.00
29.00
23.00
8.00
b.80
6.60
0.60
0.40
0.60
O.bO
0.80
0.60
0.80
U.60
0.30
0.30
0.3U
DAY
'
2b
6
11
25
6
11
SUMMARY
26.00
22.00
7.50
0.60
0.60
0.30
TOTAL FLOW IN
TOTAL FLOW OUT
FLOW DAY
FLOW
23
27
10.00
7.30
23
27
0.40
0.30
231.50
231.50
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR MICHIGAN
2/3/75
LAKE CODE 2631
FREMONT LAKE
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY
2631C1
2631ZZ
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
9.80
10.00
10.00
18.00
13. UO
18.00
15.00
16.00
12.00
8.30
7.40
6.80
4.00
4.00
4.00
7.00
5.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29
3
7
4
4
6
12
2
7
25
29
FLOW
14. 00
9.60
14.00
17.00
19.00
16.00
20.00
16.00
8.60
7.20
7.00
DAY
25
-•
6
11
FLOW DAY
FLOW
18.00
15.00
8.00
23
27
9.90
7.80
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STOKET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2b3101
43 £1 00.0 085 58 00.0
LAKE
MICHIGAN
DATE
FKOM
TO
72/06/13
72/09/15
72/11/13
DATE
FrtOM
TO
72/06/13
72/09/15
72/11/13
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
10 20 0000
10 20 0015
10 20 0030
10 20 0050
17 45 0000
17 45 0004
17 45 0015
17 45 0022
17 45 u030
17 45 0037
17 <*5 0043
17 45 0050
17 45 0057
17 45 0064
17 45 0071
14 05 0000
14 05 0004
14 05 0015
14 05 0025
14 05 0035
14 05 0045
14 05 0055
14 05 0065
14 05 0075
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
10 20 JOOO
17 45 0000
14 05 0000
00010
WATEK
TEMP
CENT
18.4
17.9
8.8
5.8
19. b
19.7
19. b
14.4
8.6
8.0
6.8
6.6
6.3
6.3
7.7
7. 7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
32217
CHLkPHYL
A
UG/L
50. 9 J
26. 3J
8.3J
11EPALES
00300
00
MG/L
13.8
•J.2
6.9
8.8
7.b
U.O
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
u.O
b.2
b.O
00077 000*4
TKANSP CNDUCTVY
SLCCHI FIELD
INCHES MICWUMHO
54 510
500
550
72 445
450
430
<+4U
470
480
470
460
480
480
480
4* 520
520
520
b
00400
r>H
SU
9.20
7.80
7.55
8.9j
8.90
8.9U
8.87
7.65
7.50
7.40
7.35
/ 7.32
7.27
7.25
7.90
7.9U
7.90
00410
T ALi\
CAC03
MG/L
162
169
Ib8
155
154
155
155
182
183
182
184
185
194
193
161
160
IbO
2111202
0060
00630
N02WM03
N-TUTAL
MG/L
0.020
0.030
0.020
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.120
0.130
0.110
0.120
0.080
0.050
0.090
0.100
0.100
0.100
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.030
2.000
2.000
0.080
0.090
0.100
0.240
3.340
3.380
3.560
4.040
4.340
4.270
5.050
1.180
1.360
1.330
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.233
0.540
0.560
0.161
0.195
0.172
0.293
0.620
0.645
0.700
0.730
0.760
0.820
0.860
0.375
0.371
0.368
00666
PHOS-OIS
MG/L P
0.210
0.480
0.560
0.118
0.125
0.131
0.166
0.610
O.t>25
0.630
O.bSO
0.725
0.775
0.830
0.344
0.343
0.344
6.2
6.2
51b
520
7.9u
7.90
161
162
U.070
0.080
1.340
1.370
0.378
0.370
0.342
0.335
J VALUE KNOWN TU BE IN F.KROK
-------
APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE /b/02/04
2631A1 LS2631A1
nj do JO.O 085 58 30.0
rtKOOKS CPtEK
26 IS KKLMONT
o/hkEMuNr LAKE
CO KD eiROCi 1.5 Mi S «» 1.713 Ml
HEPALtS 2111204
<* 0000 FEET
FREMONT
DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/1U/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/06
73/04/25
73/05/12
73/06/02
73/06/23
73/07/11
73/07/27
73/09/29
00630 0062S
TIME DEPTH H02S.N03 TOT KJEL
OF IM-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
09
08
08
09
09
08
11
11
09
10
14
17
11
30
15
15
00
?.s
50
15
15
13
45
30
10
30
MG/L
0
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
u
0
.126
.410
.147
.220
.273
.290
.210
.220
.210
.154
.105
.110
.260
MG/L
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
650
400
600
200
700
800
loo
890
200
500
100
050
400
OU610 00e>7l 00665
NH3-N HnOS-UIS PHUb-TOT
TOTAL OKTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
u .
a.
o .
700
190
230
020
lOo
870
U22
lib
300
065
016
015
027
MG/L
o .
0.
0.
0 .
0.
u .
u .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
250
008
345
330
330
290
200
210
220
126
060
018
095
MG/L P
0.315
0 .3 70
0.390
0 .360
0.375
0.360
u.«+50
U.J40
0.300
0.2
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 7b/02/o4
43 21 30.0 U85 59 00.0
UNNAMED OUTLEI OF LOKOtN LAKE
2b ID FREMONT
T/FKtMONT LAKt
LO Ku) AlNb * FRtMONT LK l.SMI S«( FREMONT
lltPALES 21112U4
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/06
73/05/12
73/06/06
73/06/23
73/07/07
73/07/27
73/08/25
73/09/29
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF iM-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
09
08
08
09
09
08
11
09
10
10
17
08
11
40
35
45
20
20
40
00
50
30
15
30
45
25
MG/L
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
u
0
0
0
0
.410
.220
.400
.OrJO
.000
.126
.085
.380
.430
.390
.630
.260
.660
MG/L
1.
0.
2.
1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
0.
1.
700
h30
100
150
967
300
260
200
680
470
680
800
150
UOtolO 00671 OJ665
MH3-N PhOS-DIS HrlOb-TOT
TOTAL UKTHO
MG/L
j.
0 .
U.
u.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
3.
0.
220
Ib8
200
168
620
050
032
231
198
310
240
u Ib
530
MG/L P
0
d
0
0
0
0
0
u
0
u
0
0
u
.0*1
.037
.074
.062
.154
.Ola
.029
.120
.168
.200
.180
.088
.357
MG/L P
0.160
0.110
0.120
0.10s
0.345
O.OSo
0.085
U.210
u . 2 1 0
0.330
u.220
0.095
0.410
-------
STOKET RETRIEVAL OAFfc 75/02/u4
Lb2631Cl
43 27 30.0 085 57 30.0
26 15 HrftMONT
1/FP.fcMONT LAKE
CIIiC bT aKOG NtAKEST LAKE BELO FP.EMT STP
llcPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
F«OM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
7J/04/06
73/04/25
73/05/12
73/06/06
73/06/23
73/07/07
73/07/27
73/08/25
73/09/29
&U630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&.N03 TOT KJtL
OF "J-TuTAL N
DAY FEET
10
08
09
09
09
08
10
10
08
10
09
17
08
13
50
55
05
40
00
30
45
40
30
15
50
50
20
15
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
.280
.360
.590
.730
.810
.520
.336
.450
.770
.350
.300
.420
.294
.290
MG/L
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
1.
5.
2.
2.
4.
3.
1.
t>50
940
6uO
600
70 u
600
990
200
900
310
000
700
000
890
u061J GJ671 006b 5
IMH3-IM PrlOb-UlS PHOb-IOF
TOTAL OKI' HO
HG/L
o .
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
1.
0.
0 .
j .
0.
2.
'J .
0 .
700
500
^00
880
930
<+9o
MH)
180
810
180
231
4UO
fc-50
270
MG/L
i).
U.
J.
u .
U .
0 •
0.
u .
0.
0 .
0 .
1.
0 .
0 .
p
357
350
1*0
2 ^0
220
380
42u
220
420
520
580
500
490
350
MG/L P
O.b8o
O.blu
0.3*0
0.440
0 . b 7 j
\j .bdO
0 . 72 J
o .42'J
I.b5o
0.820
0 .800
1.72o
0.980
0.b3'J
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/0?/u4
LS2631C2
43 28 30.0 085 57 00.0
UAIbf
26 l
f/rrtLMUNT LAKE
Mf ulVlSIUix ST dKUG N FKEMOUT AdOV STP
ilEPALtS 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/06
73/04/25
73/05/12
73/06/06
73/06/23
73/07/07
73/07/27
73/08/25
73/09/29
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH iMO?t»N03 TUT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
11
09
09
10
08
08
12
10
09
10
09
18
08
11
05
?0
20
00
30
00
30
00
40
00
30
15
00
05
M(3/L
0
0
0
0
0
•j
0
0
0
0
0
j
0
0
.137
.150
.378
.560
.620
.357
.230
.2*0
,2bu
.198
.084
.147
.075
.077
MG/L
0.
1.
1.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0 *
1.
7bO
780
HOO
815
000
770
580
610
3vO
o50
3ttO
vso
750
380
00610 Oue>71 00665
NH3-N PrlU5-i)ib PHOS-TOT
TOTAL UKfnO
MG
0
0
0
0
0
u
1)
\)
0
0
0
0
0
•J
/L
.164
.126
.120
.110
.210
.037
.006
.016
.170
.072
.Ob9
.056
. 0 54
.075
hG/L P
0
0
0
0
0
o
ij
0
J
0
v)
u
u
0
.012
.OU5K
.012
.021
.036
.019
.01J
.OOb
.038
.03^
.033
.026
.020
.016
MG/L P
0.035
0.023
0.036
0.055
0.047
0*020
0 . 0 2 b
0.075
0.04b
0.0*0
0.040
0.030
U.030
K VALUE KNOWN TO Bt
LESS THAM INDICATED
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
263150 TF263150 P003760
43 27 30.U 085 57 30.0
t-REMONF
26 15 FREMONT
T/KKEMONT LAKE
(• IMST LAKE OUTLET
HEPALES 2141204
4 OUOO FEET DEPTH
OATE
FROM
TO
73/01/29
CP(T)-
73/01/29
73/02/22
CP(T)-
73/02/22
73/03/20
CP(T>-
73/03/20
73/04/27
CP(T>-
73/04/27
73/05/30
CP(T)-
7J/05/30
73/06/18
CP(T>-
73/06/18
73/07/20
CP( D-
73/07/26
73/08/21
CP(T>-
73/08/21
73/09/21
CP(T)-
73/09/21
73/10/2-+
CP(T>-
73/10/2*
73/11/19
CP-
73/11/19
73/12/06
CP(T)-
73/12/Ob
00630
TIME DEPTH INJ02&N03
OF N-TOTAL
DAY FEET MG/L
08
17
08
17
08
i7
08
17
08
17
08
17
08
17
08
17
08
17
03
17
08
17
08
17
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.060
.040
.400
.009
.214
.110
.130
.039
.050
.054
.060
.120
00625
TOT KJEL
M
MG/L
21
26
15
26
11
27
10
12
11
11
21
11
.000
.000
.GOO
.000
.000
.750
.500
.600
.500
.coo
.500
.500
00610 00671 00665 50051 50053
NH3-N PHOS-UIS PHOS-TOT KLOw CONDUIT
TOTAL ORTHO RATE FLOw'-MGD
MG/L MG/L P HG/L P INST MOD MUNTHLY
5.100
0.970
2.730
4.700
0.390 3.t>00
5.000 4.600
6.150
0.060 <*.600 5.600
B.lbO 4.000 O.800
5.800
0.543
6.900 4.200 b.OOo 0.415
u.420 2.570 4.700 0.602
4.200 7.300 8.200 0.532
0.240 4.400 6.300 0.465
0.210 3.600 6.000 0.475
5.300 6.600 0.437
7.200 0.424
0.527
0.468
0.618 0.558
0.499 0.472
0.574
0.547
0.435
0.437
0.405
0.465 0.390
0.432
2.400 t.750 0.580 0.438
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KEFKIEVAL UAfc. 7-3/02/04
2631DO TF2b3lbO
+3 27 30.0 Oeb b? 30.0
P00376U
26 Ib FUEMONT
T/FKtMONT LAKt
LAKL OUfLtT
1 ItPALtS
DATE
FKOM
Tu
TIME
OF
JAY
DEPTH
FEtT
uu630
N02MM03
M-TOTAL
Hii/L.
oo6as
TOT r\Jf.L
N
MG/L
Uj610 00b7i
.Nihj-lM PhOS-uJS
T'JT'flL OK! HO
i-1'..-./L MG/L H
OObbD
PhOb-TOT
MG/L P
bOObl
FLOW
hfATE
1NST MoD
2141204
0000 FEET
bOObJ
CUN001T
FLOW-MGO
MONfHLIT
DEPTH
7^/01/11 Ob 00
CH (T)-
i/17 1 / 00
- 1 « u J i
b.aOo
0.417
U.435
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