U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
HIGGINS LAKE
roSOWBN COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 195
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
iTGPO 697-032
-------
REPORT
ON
HIGGINS LAKE
rasa™ COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 195
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND THE
MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
FEBRUARY, 1975
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword ii
List of Michigan Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 3
III. Lake Water Quality Summary 4
IV. Nutrient Loadings 7
V. Literature Reviewed 11
VI. Appendices 12
-------
ii
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)]s clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
iii
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; and Carlos
Fetterolf, Chief Environmental Scientist, and Dennis Tierney,
Aquatic Biologist, Bureau of Water Management, Department of Natural
Resources, provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during
the course of the Survey. John Vogt, Chief of the Bureau of Environ-
mental Health, Michigan Department of Public Health, and his staff
were most helpful in identfying point sources and soliciting municipal
participation in the Survey.
Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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IV
LAKE NAME
Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constantine Res,
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Holloway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Mona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
White
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COUNTY
Allegan
Kalamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon
-------
t gg ns
Lake
HIGGINS LAKE
® Tributary Sampling Site
X Lake Sampling Site
L
Direct Drainage Area Limits
Urban Area
Michigan J *A
Map Location
'Marl
'Lake
44°25 —
84*50'
84°45'
84° 40'
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HIGGINS LAKE
STORE! NO. 2695
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
On the basis of Survey data, it is concluded that Higgins
Lake is oligotrophic. Of the 35 Michigan lakes sampled in
November when essentially all were well-mixed, only one had
less mean dissolved and total phosphorus, and none had less
mean inorganic nitrogen*. Of all of the 41 Michigan lakes
sampled, none had greater mean Secchi disc transparency, and
none had less mean chlorophyll a_.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
A significant loss of nutrients occurred in the algal assay
sample, and the results are not indicative of conditions in the
lake at the time the sample was collected.
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation in September
but narrow nitrogen limitation in June and November of 1972.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources—During the sampling year, it is calculated
that Higgins Lake received a total phosphorus load at a rate about
one-third of that proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as "permis-
sible"; i.e., at a rate less than an oligotrophic rate (see page
10).
* See Appendix A.
-------
There are no known municipal or industrial point sources
impacting Higgins Lake; and, although septic tanks were estimated
to have contributed 28% of the total phosphorus load, a shoreline
survey would be needed to determine the actual contribution from
these sources.
While the present phosphorus loading rate is quite low,
every effort should be made to reduce all phosphorus inputs to
the lowest practicable level to ensure that the existing high
quality of Higgins Lake is maintained.
2. Non-point sources (see page 10)--It is estimated that
non-point sources, including precipitation, contributed nearly
72% of the total phosphorus load to Higgins Lake during the
sampling year. However, the phosphorus export of the only
stream sampled, Big Creek, was the lowest of any of the Michi-
gan streams sampled in 1972.
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II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 9,600 acres.
2. Mean depth: 49 feet.
3. Maximum depth: 135 feet.
4. Volume: 470,400 acre-feet.
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 15.6 years.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix B for flow .data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean flow*
Big Creek 10.5 mi2 1.7 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 23.7 mi 40.0 cfs
Totals 34.2 mi2 41.7 cfs
2. Outlet -
"The Cut" 49.2 mi2** 41.7 cfs
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 32.4 inches.
2. Mean annual: 30.7 inches.
t MI Dept. Cons, lake inventory map (1939).
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows for 74% of the
sampling sites are accurate within ±25% and the remaining sites up to
±40%; and mean monthly flows, normalized mean monthly flows, and mean
annual flows are slightly more accurate than mean daily flows.
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".
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III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Higgins Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from three
stations on the lake and from a number of depths at each station (see
map, page v). During each visit, a single depth-integrated (15 feet to
surface) sample was composited from the three stations for phytoplankton
identification and enumeration; and during the second visit, a single
five-gallon depth-integrated sample was composited for algal assays. Also
each time, a depth-integrated sample was collected from each of the sta-
tions for chlorophyll a_ analyses. The maximum depths sampled were 100 feet
at station 1, 35 feet at station 2, and 89 feet at station 3.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C, and the data
for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-mixed,
are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary is based
on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling times,
refer to Appendix,C.
-------
A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
Parameter Minimum
Temperature (Cent.) 5.8
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 10.2
Conductivity (ymhos) 216
pH (units) 8.1
Alkalinity (mg/1) 107
Total P (mg/1) 0.006
Dissolved P (mg/1) 0.004
N0? + NO, (mg/1) 0.020
Ammonia fmg/1) 0.030
Seechi di.sc (inches) 144
Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton* -
Sampling
Date
09/16/72
(11/14/72)
Mean
ALL VALUES
232
11/14/72
Dominant
Genera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lyngbya
Melosira
Polycystis
Dinobryon
Flagellates
Other genera
Total
Flagellates
Chroococcus
Fragilaria
Kirchneriella
Dinobryon
Other genera
Median
Maximum
6.5
10.8
228
8.2
110
0.007
0.005
0.024
0.034
6.5
10.7
230
8.2
109
0.007
0.005
0.020
0.030
6.7
11.6
240
8.2
116
0.008
0.007
0.040
0.050
228
348
Total
Number
per ml
196
129
126
87
54
252
844
1,583
1,030
904
352
327
2.839
7,035
The June sample was lost in shipment.
-------
2. Chlorophyll a. - ,,«,„,.
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a_
Date Number (yg/1)
06/15/72 01 1.1
02
03
09/16/72 01 0.6
02 0.6
03 0.6
11/14/72 . 01 1.1
02 2.0
03 1.3
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
There was a loss of about 56% of dissolved phosphorus and
inorganic nitrogen in the algal assay sample from the time of
collection until the assay was begun. Consequently, the algal
assay results are not indicative of conditions in the lake at
the time the sample was collected.
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation in September
(N/P ratio = 16/1) but narrow nitrogen limitation the other
sampling times (N/P ratios = 12/1). Phosphorus limitation
would be expected at about 14/1 and higher.
-------
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix D for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Michigan National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the
tributary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the high
runoff months of April and May, when two samples were collected, and
the colder months when flows were too low in Big Creek. Sampling was
begun in October, 1972, and was completed in September, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the year
of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by the
Michigan District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the tributary
sites nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were deter-
mined by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loadings for unsamp-
led "minor tributaries and immediate drainage" ("II" of U.S.G.S.) were
estimated by using the means of the nutrient loads, in Ibs/mi2/year, in
Big Creek at station B-l and multiplying the means by the ZZ area in mi2.
There are no known municipal or industrial point sources impacting
Higgins Lake.
See Working Paper No. 1.
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8
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal - None
2. Known industrial - None
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point loads) -
Big Creek . 40 1.8
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 90 3.9
c. Known municipal STP's - None
d. Septic tanks* - 640 28.2
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 1.500 66.1
Total 2,270 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Higgins/Marl Lake
connection 680
3. Net annual P accumulation - 1,590 pounds
* Estimated 1,000 seasonal dwellings and 4 parks on shoreline; see Working
Paper No. 1.
** See Working Paper No. 1.
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C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs N/ % of
Source y_r total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Big Creek 2,610 2.1
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 5,900 4.7
c. Known municipal STP's - None
d. Septic tanks* - 23,810 19.1
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 92,490 74.1
Total 124,810 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Higgins/Marl
Lake connection 58,130
3. Net annual N accumulation - 66,680 pounds
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
2 2
Tributary Ibs P/mi /yr Ibs N/mi /yr
Big Creek 4 249
* Estimated 1,000 seasonal dwellings and 4 parks on shoreline; see Working
Paper No. 1.
** See Working Paper No. 1.
-------
10
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
receiving waters would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligo-
trophic if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would
be considered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units
Ibs/acre/yr
grams/mvyr
Total
0.24
0.03
Accumulated
0.17
0.02
Total
13.0
1.5
Accumulated
6.9
0.8
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/m^/yr) based on mean depth and mean
hydraulic retention time of Higgins Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 0.20
"Permissible" (oligotrophic rate) 0.10
-------
n
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press). Input-output models. Schweiz.
Z. Hydro!.
-------
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO MOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26A1 CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 BOARDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAM LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 6ETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHAHLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEHUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
2648 LAKE MACATAWA
2649 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTwATEP. LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS PONO
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORO LAKE
26B3 THOSNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
26H8 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.062
0.117
0.006
0.123
0.121
0.118
0.025
0.109
0.007
0.044
0.027
0.10S
0.372
0.180
0.040
0.197
0.018
0.087
0.027
0.246
0.026
0.034
0.016
0.042
0.083
0.027
0.307
0.163
TALI. VHLUL3
MEAN
D1SS P
0.043
0.022
0.005
0.057
0.086
0.048
0.008
0.073
0.006
0.014
0.008
0.058
0.342
0.144
0.015
0.120
0.010
0.043
0.017
0.183
0.015
0.021
c.ooa
0.032
0.064
0.019
U.241
0.148
MEAN
INORG N
1.461
3.835
0.358
1.168
1.489
1.420
0.273
1.015
0.230
0.132
0.910
1.536
1.406
1.998
0.417
2.358
0.304
0.469
0.496
0.818
0.183
0.460
0.307
1.737
1.252
0.367
0.963
0.749
500-
MEAN SEC
439.375
473.000
363.500
470.222
456.167
465.250
461.667
456.000
351.250
404.333
456.167
456.167
441.667
427.667
455.000
477.600
451.333
436.444
430.667
.457.333
435.500
465.333
458.750
442.833
455.500
417.778
451.667
418.400
MEAN
CHLUWA
10.678
11.967
1.267
20.311
27.600
28.262
4.567
44.233
3.008
13.483
39.317
14.733
28.500
20.517
33.944
25.600
6.317
9.511
16.083
27.217
8.133
10.383
13.791
14.650
15.667
9.211
27.783
10.067
15-
M1N UO
9.200
9.500
6.600
12.600
14.850
fl.200"
7.400
7.500
9.240
14.800
7.500
14.000
14.800
14.900
13.000
12.200
11.380
14.UOO
14.800
8.020
9.600
8.200
8.300
10.800
8.200
13.400
14.100
13.600
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 hIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.134
0.009
0.007
0.018
0.043
O.OJ2
0.069
-r «LL VAl.UC.3-
MEAN
D1SS P
0.093
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.029
0.024
0.050
MEAN
INORli N
1.227
0.164
0.058
0.136
0.436
0.346
0.567
500-
MEAN SEC
462.667
380.000
268.500
420.833
407.889
448.667
419.800
MEAN
CHLOHA
5.583
2.986
1.043
9.217
11.967
11.833
11.117
15-
MIN DO'
8.420
13.000
9.400
8.200
14.800
8.600
13.600
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMbER OF LAKES WITH HIGHEK VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARD RESERVOIR
26A2 80AKDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BAKTON LAKE
2609 BtLLEVILLE LAKE
2610 8ETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHAKLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORO LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
jtfetg LAKE HACATAWA
2649 MAN1STEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGtRS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
267* SANFORO LAKE
2683 THORMAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
2688 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P UISS P
46
29
97
20
23
26
77
31
91
49
71
34
0
11
57
9
80
37
69
6
74
60
86
54
40
66
3
14
( 16)
( 10)
1 34)
( 7)
I 8)
< 9)
( 27)
I 11)
1 32)
( 17)
( 25)
I 12)
( 0)
( 4)
( 20)
( 3)
I 28)
( 13)
( 24)
I 2)
( 26)
( 21)
( 30)
< 19)
< 14)
( 23)
( 1)
( 5)
43
54
97
31
20
37
77
23
91
71
83
29
0
11
69
14
74
40
63
6
66
57
80
46
26
60
3
9
( 15)
( 19)
( 34)
( 11)
( 7)
( 13)
( 27)
( 8)
( 32)
1 25)
( 29)
( 10)
( 0)
( 4)
( 24)
I 5)
( 26)
( 14)
( 22)
( 2)
( 23)
( 20)
( 28)
( 16)
I 9)
( 21)
( 1)
( 3)
MEAN
INORG N
17
0
69
31
14
20
80
34
83
94
40
11
23
6
63
3
77
54
51
43
86
57
74
9
26
66
37
46
I 6)
< 0)
( 24)
( 11)
I 5)
( 7)
( 28)
I 12)
( 29)
( 331
( 14)
< 4)
( 8)
( 2)
I 22)
( 1)
( 27)
( 19)
I 18)
( 15)
( 30)
( 20)
( 26)
( 3)
( 9)
( 23)
( 13)
( 16)
500-
MEAN SEC
57
3
91
6
29
11
17
34
94
86
29
29
54
69
40
0
46
60
66
23
63
9
20
51
37
80
43
77
1 20)
( D
I 32)
( 2)
( 9)
( 4)
( 6)
( 12)
( 33)
( 30)
( 9)
( 9)
I 19)
( 24)
I 14)
< 0>
I 16)
( 21)
< 23)
I 8)
I 22)
( 3)
( 7)
( 18)
( 13)
1 28)
( 15)
( 27)
— ALL VALUtb— -------
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN 00
60
49
94
29
14
11
86
0
89
46
3
37
9
26
6
23
80
69
31
20
77
63
43
40
34
74
17
66
I 21)
( 17)
( 33)
I 10)
( 5)
( 4)
( 30)
( 0)
( 31)
( 16)
( 1)
( 13)
( 3)
( 9)
I 2)
( 8)
< 28)
I 24)
( 11)
( 7)
( 27)
( 22)
1 15)
( 14)
1 12)
( 26)
( 6)
( 23)
63
54
97
40
3
79
94
90
60
11
90
23
11
0
36
43
46
11
11
86
51
79
71
49
79
31
20
27
I 22)
( 19)
I 34)
( 14)
( 1)
( *26>
< 33)
I 31)
< 21)
< 2)
( 31)
I 8)
( 2)
I 0)
( 12)
( IS)
( 16)
I 2)
( 2)
( 30)
( 18)
< 26)
( 25)
( 17)
( 26)
( 11)
( 7)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
266
189
545
157
103
184
431
212
5U8
357
316
163
97
123
271
92
403
Z71
291
184
417
325
374
249
242
377
U3
239
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P UISS P
17
89.
94
83
51
63
43
( 6)
(_ 31)
( 33)
( 29)
( 18)
( 22)
( 15)
17
89
94
06
49
51
34
( 6)
( 31)
( 33)
( 30)
( 17)
< 18)
( .12)
MEAN
INORG N
29
89
97
91
60
71
49
( 10)
( 31)
( 34)
( 32)
( 21)
( 25)
I 17)
500-
MtAN SEC
14
89
97
71
83
49
74
( 5)
( 3D
( 34)
( 25)
( 29)
( 17)
( 26)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN DO
83
91
97
71
51
54
57
( 29)
( 32)
( 34)
( 25)
( 18)
( 19)
( 20)
69
36
57
79
11
66
27
( 24)
( 12)
( 20)
( 26)
( 2)
( 23)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
2
-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR MICHIGAN
2/3/75
LAKE CODE 2695
rtlGGINS LAKE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE(SO MI)
49.20
SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY AREAISQ MI)
JAN
FEb
2695A1
2695B1
2b95/!Z
49.20
10.50
38.70
31.20 36.60
1.50 1.40
29.70 35.20
MAR
39.30
1.90
37.40
APR
55.90
2.60
53.10
MAY
53.60
2.10
51.50
NORMALIZED FLOwS(CFS)
JUN JUL AUG
60.60
1.70
5a.90
59.10
1.40
57.70
42.90
1.20
41. 70
SEP
31.50
1.40
30.10
OCT
32.90
1.40
31.50
NOV
27.60
1.00
26.20
DEC
MEAN
28.60 41.68
1.50 1.66
27.10 40.03
SUMMARY
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE =
SUM UF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS =
49.20
49.20
TOTAL FLOin IN =
TOTAL FLOW OUT =
500.00
500.00
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS
TRIBUTARY
2695A1
269SB1
2695ZZ
MONTH
YEAR
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
?
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
?.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
MEAN FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW
41.00
29.00
30.00
44.00
48.00
55.00
50.00
55.00
66.00
62.00
45.00
31.00
1.80
1.70
1.50
2.10
1.90
2.70
2.40
2.20
1.90
1.50
1.30
1.40
39.00
28.00
29. UO
42. OU
46.00
52.00
48.00
53.00
64.00
60.00
44.00
30.00
28
22
19
20
24
24
7
5
23
21
23
28
2b
22
19
20
24
24
7
b
23
21
23
2b
45.00
28.00
30.00
bC.OO
4b.OO
49.00
54.00 21
54.00 19
57.00
53.00
43.00
32.00
1.90
1.60
1.60
2. HO
1.80
2.40
2.60 21
2.20 19
1.6U
1.30
1.20
l.SO
48.00
51.00
2.30
2.00
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
269501
44 29 30.0 084 42 30.0
HlbGINS LAKE
26 MICHIGAN
DATE
FROM
TO
72/06/15
72/09/16
72/11/1"*
yoou
TIME DEPTH WATER
OF TtMP
DAY FEET
11
11
11
11
15
15
15
15
15
15
IS
15
15
15
15
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
05
05
05
05
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
45
45
45
t5
45
45
45
45
<»5
0000
0040
0045
0100
0000
0004
0015
0022
003U
0038
004b
0054
0064
007<*
0084
0000
0004
0015
J025
0035
0045
0055
0065
0075
CENT
17
8
6
5
18
18
18
18
1H
13
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
fa
6
.0
.0
.5
.0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.3
.8
.9
.7
.5
.b
.5
.4
.4
.5
.5
.4
.3
00300
DO
MG/L
8
11
\d
11
9
i<
9
9
9
10
9
9
9
8
11
10
10
11
.4
.2
.4
.2
.3
.4
.2
.2
.4
.6
.8
.1
.0
.8
.1
.7
.7
."
HtPALdS
00300
DO
MG/L
8.4
11.2
12. 4
11.2
9.3
9.4
9.2
•5.2
9.4
10.6
9.8
9.1
9.0
8.d
11.1
10.7
00077 00094
TRANSP CNDUCTVr
SECCHI FIELD
INCHES MICROMHO
348 235
235
240
148 240
228
225
225
225
225
235
240
250
240
245
228 240
235
235
4
00400
PH
SU
8.29
7. 70
7.53
7.60
7.90
7.90
7.95
7.95
8.00
7.90
7.73
7.70
7.70
7.60
8.10
8. 10
8.10
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
120
120
120
95
94
102
102
102
101
109
115
112
114
114
110
109
109
2111202
0120
00630
N02MM03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.030
£.030
0.030
0.020
0.030
0.020
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.030
0.010K
0.010
0.060
0.060
0.050
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.050
0.040
0.050
0.030
0.040
0.030
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.005
0.009
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.006
0.002
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
00666
PHOS-D1S
MG/L P
0.002
0.002K
0.002
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.002K
0.002K
0.002K
0.002K
0.002K
0.006
0.006
0.005
235
216
8.10
8.10
110
109
0.030
0.020
0.040
0.030
0.008
0.007
0.005
0.007
UATt TIME DEPTH
FROM OF
TO OAY FEET
72/00/15 11 05 0000
72/09/16 15 15 0000
72/H/14 13 45 0000
32217
A
Oii/L
1.1J
O.bJ
1.1J
VALUE KNOWN TO BE LESS
THAN INDICATED
J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROR
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/03/04
369502
44 38 30.0 084 44 30.0
HIGGINS LAKE
36 MICHIGAN
DATE
FROM
TO
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
73/06/15 12 00 0000
13 00 0035
73/09/16 14 45 0000
14 45 0004
14 45 0015
14 45 0033
14 45 0030
72/11/14 14 15 0000
14 15 0004
14 15 0016
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
16.0
10.0
18.0
17.9
17.4
5.8
5.8
11EPALES
00300
DO
MG/L
8.4
5.6
9.1
9.3
9.5
9.5
11.3
10.6
00077
THANSP
SECCHI
INCHES
348
144
228
00094
CNDUCTVY
FIELD
MICROMHO
235
223
235
223
223
230
220
220
220
4
00400
PH
SU
7.72
8.15
8.23
8.20
8.25
8.30
8.30
8.20
8.20
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
122
101
100
103
102
1*3
111
109
116
2111202
0035
00630
N02&NG3
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.020
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.020
0.020
0.020
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.020
0.050
0.030
O.OSO
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.030
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.010
0.002K
0.002K
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.007
0.008
00666
PHOS-DIS
MG/L P
0.006
0.002K
0.002K
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
33217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLKPHYL
FKOM OF A
TO DAY FEET UG/L
73/09/16 14 45 0000 0.6J
72/11/14 14 15 0000 3.0J
VALUE KNOWN TO BE LESS
THAN INDICATED
J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROR
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
269503
44 27 00.0 064 41 30.0
HIGGINS LAKE
26143 MICHIGAN
DATE
FROM
TO
72/09/16
72/11/14
TIME
OF
DAY
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
11 30
14 40
14 40
14 40
14 40
14 40
14 40
14 40
14 40
DEPTH
FEET
0000
U004
0015
0022
0030
0040
0050
0059
0069
0079
0089
OOCO
0004
0015
0025
0035
0045
0055
0065
OU010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.1
16.3
9.1
8.3
8.0
7.7
7.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
11EPALES
00300
DO
MG/L
10.4
11.2
9.2
9.9
10.7
9.7
8.2
8.3
8.5
10.0
11.6
10.3
10.2
10.6
00077 00094
TRANSP CiMDUCIVY
SECCHI FIELD
INCHES MICROMHO
180 225
225
221
222
222
222
240
240
240
245
248
228 230
225
230
230
230
6
00400
PH
SO
8.20
8.25
8.25
8.30
8.30
8.30
8.10
8.00
7.90
7.85
7.85
8.10
8.20
8.20
8.20
8.2u
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
102
110
108
109
108
116
118
119
118
118
117
107
110
109
108
109
2111202 -V
0000
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.0*0
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.040
0.020
0.030
0.020
0.020
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.050
0.050
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.050
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.030
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.010
0.013
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
00666
PHOS-D1S
MG/L P
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.009
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.004
32217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLHPHYL
FROM OK A
TO OAY FEET UG/L
72/OV/16 11 30 0000
72/11/14 14 40 0000
0.6J
1.3J
J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN EKROR
-------
APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY DATA
-------
SIORET H
DATE
FKOM
TO
72/10/28
72/11/2?
72/12/19
73/01/20
73/02/2*+
73/03/24
73/04/07
73/04/21
73/Ob/Ot3
73/05/19
73/06/23
73/0//21
73/OH/23
73/09/2H
TIMF:
OF
UAY
11 10
11 ?0
11 30
1* 00
10 15
10 35
11 30
11 20
1? 00
11 00
11 -45
10 40
15 30
i3 30
FEET
N-IOTAL
u.Oi I
0 . 0 1 ;3
U . 0 I U !%
'.) .013
0.023
J.033
O.OlU-V
'J 06? "i
COT KJ£L
J i; O 1 v
IX'(AL
H'i/L
U . 1 U j K
Ou.O 08** ^0 JO.O
OUTLET hiGoINS/MAKL LK
26 7.b LYON M^NOK
U/H10GIiMS LAKE
or/L P
4* • U 1 "O
!) .078
(; . j>3
v . l< 1 O
'i .005^
•j • u 6 2
\- . J 4 r*
i. . 0 £ 1
'/' . U.f '?
. * • \- ^ '"^
•i.^if
.. , :-: i b
v. .027
0
0
u
•J
u
0
J
u
J
I,
u
ij
.OUbfv
.010
.OObK
.oJDts
. OObrt
. u a ^^
.0 1 J
.OODiS
.0ob^
.OO^ts
.Our>r>
• DO /
U .oOo
O.ulO
u . u 0 b
0. JObiS
O.OObK
U.005i\
j .0 10
\j . 0 2 0
u . 0 1 0
u . uObiS
o . u 1 1;
0 . U O -3f\
u . u i J
K VALlJC.
LEs'i TH
Tu d-I
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/dH
26>btil LS2695B1
44 3u 00.u 084 4/ 00.0
rilij CKttiK
2t> is HOUGHTUN LAKE
T/HIbblNS LAKt
US at riKUG IN TOWN OP HIGGlNb LAKE
HE^ALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
ro
72/10/28
72/11/22
72/12/19
73/02/24
73/03/24
73/04/07
73/04/21
73/05/05
73/05/19
73/06/23
73/07/21
73/09/28
00630 U06?b
TIME DE^TH N02MM03 TOT KJEL
OF N- TOTAL N
DAY FEET
10
09
09
08
08
09
08
09
08
09
13
05
00
05
20
20
00
30
00
20
25
30
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.031
• 02V
.039
.03b
.02b
.028
.035
.052
.023
.023
.011
.036
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
.^50
.400
.99U
.520
.350
.540
.^90
.500
.060
.260
. 100K
. 160
UG610 OUo71 00b6o
iMri.j-N PhOi-UiS PHOb-FOT
TOTAL UKfHO
HG/L rtG/L P
ij .
L» •
0.
0.
0 •
u.
0.
u.
0.
u .
0.016
0.00^
0.008
0.010
0.010
0.015
0.02b
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.005K
0.020
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN
------- |