U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
PENTWATER LAKE
OCEANA COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 204
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
697-O32
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REPORT
ON
PENIWER LAKE
OCEANA COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 204
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND THE
MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
MARCH, 1975
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CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Michigan Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Summary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 10
V. Literature Reviewed 15
VI. Appendices 16
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n
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A "generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)l, clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
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iii
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; and Carlos
Fetterolf, Chief Environmental Scientist, and Dennis Tierney,
Aquatic Biologist, Bureau of Water Management, Department of Natural
Resources, provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during
the course of the Survey. John Vogt, Chief of the Bureau of Environ-
mental Health, Michigan Department of Public Health, and his staff
were most helpful in identifying point sources and soliciting municipal
participation in the Survey.
Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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TV
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MICHIGAN
LAKE NAME
Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constant!ne Res,
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Holloway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Mona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
White
COUNTY
Allegan
Kalamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon
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7 ^
J -^F-
PENTWATER LAKE
Tributary Sampling Site
Lake Sampling Site
P'Sewage Treatment Facility
Direct Drainage Area Boundary
9 ! ? Mi.
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PENTWATER LAKE
STORE! NO. 2665
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data show that Pentwater Lake is eutrophic. Of the 35
lakes sampled in November when essentially all were well-mixed,
nine had less mean total phosphorus, 12 had less mean dissolved
phosphorus, and 16 had less mean inorganic nitrogen; of the 41
lakes sampled, 28 had less mean chlorophyll £, and 13 had greater
Secchi disc transparency*.
Depression of dissolved oxygen occurred below 15 feet at both
sampling stations in June, and depletion or near-depletion oc-
curred below 30 feet at both stations in September, 1972.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
The results of the algal assay show that Pentwater Lake was
phosphorus limited when the sample was collected (09/18/72).
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation in June and November
as wel1.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
i
1. Point sources—During the sampling year, Pentwater Lake
received a total phosphorus load at a rate nearly 2^ times that
* See Appendix A.
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proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as "dangerous"; i.e., a
eutrophic rate (see page 14). However, Vollenweider's model
probably is not applicable to water bodies with short hydraulic
retention times, and the hydraulic retention time of Pentwater
Lake is certain to be quite short. For example, the maximum
depth sampled during the Survey was 40 feet; and, if the mean
depth is as much as one-half of that (i.e., a mean depth of
20 feet), the lake would have a mean hydraulic retention time
of only 19 days. Therefore, it is quite likely that Vollenweider's
model does not apply in this case.
It is calculated that the communities of Pentwater and Hart
contributed about 24% of the total phosphorus load to Pentwater
Lake during the sampling year. As of November, 1973, Hart
converted to a land-disposal system and no longer impacts Pent-
water Lake. It is calculated that this diversion, plus 80%
phosphorus removal at Pentwater, would reduce the loading to
2 2
the lake from about 5 g/m /yr to 3.9 g/m /yr. Considering the
hydraulic retention time of the lake, which is certain to be
quite short, it is likely that the lower loading rate would at
least result in a reduction in the incidence and severity of
nuisance algal blooms, as well as provide additional protection
for Lake Michigan.
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2. Non-point sources—During the sampling year, the
Pentwater River had a relatively high phosphorus export rate
of 82 pounds per square mile of drainage area (see page 14)
or more than twice the mean phosphorus export rate of the
p
tributaries to nearby Manistee Lake* (40 Ibs/mi /yr).
It is not known whether the higher export rate is due
to underestimation of the phosphorus load from the City of
Hart or to cultural practices in the drainage; but, if the
export can be reduced, additional enhancement of the trophic
condition of Pentwater Lake would result.
* Working Paper No. 201.
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II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry:
1. Surface area: 435 acres .
2. Mean depth: unknown.
3. Maximum depth: unknown.
4. Volume: unknown.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix B for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean flow*
Pentwater River 168.0 mi2 218.4 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 8.3 mi 11.0 cfs
Totals 176.3 mi2 229.4 cfs
2. Outlet -
Pentwater River 177.0 mi2** 229.4 cfs
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 33.8 inches.
2. Mean annual: 31.8 inches.
t Fetterolf, 1973.
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows for 74% of the
sampling sites are accurate within ±25% and the remaining sites up to
±40%; and mean monthly flows, normalized mean monthly flows, and mean
annual flows are slightly more accurate than mean daily flows.
** Includes area of lake.
*** See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".
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III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Pentwater Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from two
stations on the lake and from a number of depths at each station (see
map, page v). During each visit, a single depth-integrated (15 feet to
surface) sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton
identification and enumeration; and during the second visit, a single
five-gallon depth-integrated sample was composited for algal assays.
Also each time, depth-integrated samples were collected from each of the
stations for chlorophyll ^analysis. The maximum depths sampled were
40 feet at station 1 and 38 feet at station 2.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C, and the
data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-
mixed, are summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary
is based on all values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling
times, refer to Appendix C.
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A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
Parameter Minimum
Temperature (Cent.)
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1)
Conductivity (ymhos)
pH (units)
Alkalinity (mg/1)
Total P (mg/1)
Dissolved P (mg/1)
N02 + N03 (mg/1)
Ammonia (mg/1)
7
8
385
8
132
0
0
.3
.6
.0
024
016
0.340
0.140
(11/13/72)
Mean Median
Maximum
7.3
9.0
391
8.1
145
0.027
0.017
0.343
0.152
7.3
9.2
390
8.0
146
0.027
0.017
0.340
0.150
7.4
9.2
400
8.2
149
0.030
0.018
0.360
0.160
ALL VALUES
Secchi disc (inches)
60
71
71
82
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B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampling
Date
06/17/72
09/18/72
11/13/72
Dominant
Genera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cryptomonas
Anabaena
Fragilaria
Di nobryon
Chroococcus
Other genera
Total
Melosira
Fragilaria
Anabaena
Marssionella
Synedra
Other genera
Total
Flagellates
Cyclotella
Melosira
Asterionella
Ulothrix
Other genera
Number
per ml
1,665
567
543
302
97
312
3,486
784
494
410
307
175
880
3,050
1,220
587
407
361
241
783
Total
3,599
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c.
2. Chlorophyll a^ -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent)
Sampl i ng
Date
06/17/72
09/18/72
11/13/72
Limiting Nutrient
1 . Filtered and
Spike (mg/1 )
Control
0.010 P
0.020 P
0.050 P
0.050 P + 5.
0.050 P + 10
10.0 N
2. Discussion -
Station
Number
01
02
01
02
01
02
Study:
nutrient spiked
Ortho P
Cone, (mg/1
0.024
0.034
0.044
0.074
0 N 0.074
.0 N 0.074
0.024
The control yield of the
cornutum, indicates that the
Chlorophyll a
(yg/1)
-
Inorganic N
) Cone, (mg/1)
0.402
0.402
0.402
0.402
5.402
10.402
10.402
16.6
32.3
16.0
16.5
6.0
9.1
Maximum yield
(mg/1 -dry wt. )
8.6
9.6
9.5
10.4
31.2
31.5
8.6
assay alga, Selenastrum capri-
primary productivi
ty of Pentwater
Lake was high at the time the algal assay sample was collected
(09/18/72). Also, the increased yield with the first incre-
ment of orthophosphorus indicates that the lake was limited by
phosphorus. Note that when nitrogen was added there was no
significant difference in yield as compared to the control yield.
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The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation in
June and November as well; the N/P ratios were 33/1 and
29/1, respectively, and phosphorus limitation would be
expected.
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10
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix D for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Michigan National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the
tributary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the months
of April, June, and September when two samples were collected. Sampling
was begun in October, 1972, and was completed in September, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the
year of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by
the Michigan District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the
tributary sites nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were deter-
mined by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loadings for unsam-
pled "minor tributaries and immediate drainage" ("II" of U.S.G.S.) were
estimated by using the mean annual nutrient concentrations in the North
Branch of the Pentwater River at station B-l and the mean II flow.
The operators of the Pentwater and Hart wastewater treatment systems
did not provide sufficient samples to permit calculation of nutrient
loads, and the loads attributed to these sources were estimated at 2.5
Ibs P and 7.5 Ibs N/capita/year.
* See Working Paper No. 1.
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11
During the sampling year, the Hart wastewater system discharged to
Hart Lake and thence to the Pentwater River to Pentwater Lake. In this
report, it is assumed that 60% of the phosphorus load and 20% of the
nitrogen load from the Hart system were retained in Hart Lake. The
nutrient loads attributed to the Pentwater River are those measured at
station A-2 minus the estimated Hart system loads.
The Pentwater treatment system discharges to the lower third of the
lake. During periods of high tributary flows, it is possible that some
portion of the Pentwater nutrients are "short-circuited" through the
outlet and thus have little effect on the lake. However, in this report,
it is assumed that the entire lake is affected by the Pentwater loads.
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal -
Name
Pentwater
Hart
Pop.*
Served
993
2,139
Mean* Receiving
Treatment Flow (mgd) Water
stab, ponds 0.099 Pentwater Lake
stab, ponds** 0.214 Hart Lake
2. Known industrial - None
t Wetzel, 1973.
* Population from 1970 Census; flows estimated at 100 gal/capita/day.
** As of November, 1973, Hart converted to a land-disposal system.
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12
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Pentwater River 13,830 71.6
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 710 3.7
c. Known municipal systems -
Pentwater 2,480 12.9
Hart 2,140 11.1
d. Septic tanks* - 60 0.3
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 70 0.4
Total 19,290 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - to Lake Michigan 17,060
3. Net annual P accumulation - 2,230 pounds
* Estimate based on 91 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
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13
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs N/ % of
Source y_r total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Pentwater River 654,040 92.9
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 23,170 3.3
c. Known municipal systems -
Pentwater 7,450 1.1
Hart 12,830 1.8
d. Septic tanks* - 2,140 0.3
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 4.190 0.6
Total 703,820 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - to Lake Michigan 442,490
3. Net annual N accumulation - 261,330 pounds
* Estimate based on 91 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
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14
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
? 9
Tributary Ibs P/mi /yr Ibs N/mi /yr
Pentwater River 82 3,893
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
receiving water would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic
if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would be consid-
ered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units
Ibs/acre/yr
grams/m^/yr
Total
44.3
4.97
Accumulated Total Accumulated
5.1
0.57
1,618.0
181.3
600.8
67.3
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/m^/yr) based on surface area and mean
outflow of Pentwater Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 2.10
"Permissible" (oligotrophic rate) 1.05
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15
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Fetterolf, Carlos, 1973. Personal communication (area of lake).
MI Dept. Nat. Resources, Lansing.
, 1974. Personal communication (location of Pentwater
system discharge; nutrient retention in Hart Lake; present Hart
system). MI Dept. Nat. Resources, Lansing.
Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press). Input-output models. Schweiz.
Z. Hydrol.
Wetzel, Michael, 1973. Treatment plant questionnaires (Pentwater and
Hart systems). MI Dept. Nat. Resources, Lansing.
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VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 BOAHDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 8ETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHARLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
2648 LAKE MACATAWA
2649 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTKATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORO LAKE
2683 THORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
2688 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.062
0.117
0.006
0.123
0.121
0.118
0.025
0.109
0.007
0.044 '
0.027
0.105
0.372
0.180
0.040
0.197
0.018
0.087
0.027
0.246
0.026
0.034
0.016
0.042
0.083
0.027
0.307
0.163
-TALL VALUtS-
MEAN
01SS P
0.043
0.022
0.005
0.057
0.086
0.048
0.008
0.073
0.006
0.014
0.008
0.058
0.342 '
0.144
0.015
0.120
0.010
0.043
0.017
0.183
0.015
0.021
0.008
0.032
0.064
0.019
0.241
0.148
MEAN
INORG N
1.461
3.835
0.358
1.168
1.489
1.420
0.273
1.015
0.230
0.132
0.910
1.536
1.406
1.998
0.417
2.358
0.304
0.46V
0.496
0.818
0.183
0.460
0.307
1.737
1.252
0.367
0.963
0.749
500-
MEAN SEC
439.375
473.000
363.500
470.222
456.167
465.250
461.667
456.000
351.250
404.333
456.167
456.167
441.667
427.667
455.000
477.600
4S1.333
436.444
430.667
.457.333
435.500
465.333
458.750
442.833
455.500
417.778
451.667
418.400
MEAN
CHLORA
10.67b
11.967
1.267
20.311
27.800
28.262
4.567
44.233
3.008
13.483
39.317
14.733
28.500
20.517
33.944
25.600
6.317
9.511
16.083
27.217
8.133
1U.3B3
13.791
14.650
15.667
9.211
27.783
10.067
15-
MIN DO
9.200
9.500
6.600
12.600
14.850
a. 200
7.400
7.500
9.240
14.800
7.500
14.000
14.800
14.900
13.000
12.200
11.380
14.800
14.800
8.020
9.600
8.200
8.300
10.800
8.200
13.400
14.100
13.600
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.134
0.009
0.007
0.018
0.043
0.032
0.069
TALL VALUtS-
MEAN
DISS P
0.093
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.029
0.024
0.050
MEAN
INORG N
1.227
0.164
0.058
0.136
0.436
0.346
0.567
500-
MEAN SEC
462.667
380.000
268.500
420.833
407.889
448.667
419.800
MEAN
CHLORA
5.583
2.986
1.043
9.217
11.967
11.833
11.117
15-
MIN DO
8.420
13.000
9.400
8.200
14.800
8.600
13.600
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES KITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARO RESERVOIR
26A2 BOAKDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BtLLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHARLEVOU
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
26*8 LAKE MACATAWA
26*9 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORD LAKE
2683 THORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
26B8 WHITE LAKE
2691 HONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P UISS P
46
29
97
20
23
26
77
31
91
*9
71
3*
0
11
57
9
80
37
69
6
7*
60
86
54
*0
66
3
1*
( 16)
< 10)
( 3*)
( 7)
( e)
( 9)
( 27)
( 11)
( 32>
( 17)
( 25)
( 12)
( 0)
( 4)
( 20)
( 3)
I 28)
( 13)
( 24)
( 2)
( 26)
( 21)
( 30)
( 19)
( 1*1
( 23)
( 1)
( 5)
*3
54
97
31
20
37
77
23
91
71
83
29
0
11
69
1*
74
*0
63
6
66
57
80
*6
26
60
3
9
( 15)
( 19)
( 3*)
( 11)
( 7)
( 13)
( 27)
( 8)
( 32)
( 25)
( 29)
( -10)
( 0)
( 4)
( 24)
( 5)
( 26)
( 14)
( 22)
( 2)
( 23)
( 20)
( 28)
< 16)
( 9)
< 21)
( 11
( 3)
MEAN
INORG N
17
0
69
31
14
20
80
34
83
94
40
11
23
6
63
3
77
54
51
43
86
57
74
9
26
66
37
46
( 6)
( 0)
( 24)
( 11)
( 5)
( 7)
( 28)
1 12)
( 29)
( 33) .
( 14)
( 4)
( 8)
( 2)
( 22)
( 1)
( 27)
( 19)
( 18)
( 15)
( 30)
( 20)
( 26).
( 3)
( 9)
( 23)
( 13)
( 16)
500-
MEAN
57 (
3 (
91 (
6 (
29 (
11 (
17 (
3* <
94 (
86 (
29 (
29 (
54 (
69 (
40 (
0 1
46 (
60 (
66 (
23 (
63 (
9 (
20 (
51 (
37 (
80 1
43 (
77 (
SEC
20)
1)
32)
2)
9)
4)
6)
12)
33)
30)
9)
9)
19)
24)
14)
0)
16)
21)
23)
8)
22)
3)
7)
18)
13)
28)
15)
27)
MEAN
CHLORA
60
49
94
29
14
11
86
0
89
46
3
37
9
26
6
23
80
59
31
20
77
63
43
40
34
74
17
66
( 21)
( 17)
< 33)
I 10)
( 5)
I 4)
( 30)
( 0)
( 31)
( 16)
( 1)
( 13)
( 3)
( 9)
( 2)
( 8)
( 28)
( 24)
( 11)
( 7)
( 27)
( 22)
( 15)
( 14)
( 12)
( 26)
( 6)
( 23)
15-
MIN 00
63
54
97
40
3
79
94
90
60
11
90
23
11
0
36
43
46
11
11
86
51
79
71
49
79
31
20
27
( 22)
( 19)
< 34)
( 14)
( 1)
(' 26)
( 33)
( 31)
( 21)
( 2)
( 31)
( 8)
< 2)
( 0)
( 12)
( 15)
( 16)
( 2)
( 2)
( 30)
1 18)
( 26)
( 25)
( 17)
( 26)
I 11)
( 7)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
286
189
545
157
103
184
431
212
508
357
316
163
97
123-
271
92
4U3
271
291
184
417
325
374
8*9
242
377
1
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P DISS P
17
89
94
83
51
63
43
( 6)
< 31)
( 33)
( 29)
( 18)
( 22)
( 15)
17
89
94
86
49
51
34
( 6)
( 31)
( 33)
( 30)
( 17)
( 18)
( 12)
MEAN
INORG N
29 1
89 1
97 1
91 1
60 1
71 I
49 I
I 10)
! 31)
! 34)
1 32)
t 21)
I 25)
1 17)
500-
MEAN SEC
14
89
97
71
83
49
74
( 5)
< 31)
( 34)
( 25)
( 29)
< 17)
( 26)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN DO
83
91
97
71
51
54
57
( 29)
( 32)
( 34)
( 25)
( 18)
( 19)
( 20)
69
36
57
79
11
66
27
( 24)
( 12)
( 20)
( 26)
( 2)
( 23)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
2*9
483
536
481
305
354
204
-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
r'LUw IivKOKMATiUN KUK MICHIGAN
2/3/7b
CODE. 2b6b~
HENTwATtK LAKE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AKEA OK LAKE)
JAN
229. Ou
218.00
1 1 .UU
fL-i
227.00
216.00
11.00
MAR
269.00
256.00
13. OU
ARK
292.00
27s. UO
14.00
MAY
253. UO
241.00
12.00
JUN
223.00
212.00
11.00
JUL
195.00
18b.OO
9.00
AUG
189.00
180.00
9.00
SER
202.00
192.00
10.00
OCT
209.00
199.00
10.00
NOV
231.00
220.00
11.00
DEC
23b.OO
224.00
11.00
MEAN
229.44
218. 4<»
10.99
TOTAL DRAINAGE ARE« OK LAKE =
SUM UF SUb-URAINAGE AREAS =
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFb)
TRIbJTARY MONTH YEAH MtAm t-LOrf DAY FLC
2665A1
177.00
17?.00
266bA2
SUMMARY
TOTAL FLO* IN
TOTAL FLOW OUT
2754.00
2754.00
FLO* DAY
FLOW
10
11
12
1
7
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1?
1
2
3
4
^
t>
7
8
9
10
11
1?
1
?
3
4
h
b
7
y
9
72
72
Id.
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
?3
7j
?3
73
1 )
73
227. OJ
220.00
219.00
38tf.uO
286.00
345. uO
238.00
317.00
2b9.CO
208. UO
187.00
1O6.00
216.00
210.JO
209. ju
370.00
272. uO
329. CO
24b.UO
302.00
2S6.UO
198.00
1 ?8.'JO
IbH.OO
11. UO
10. I/O
lO.uJ
18.00
14. uu
1 6 . 0 0
12.00
IS. 1.0
13. '..a
1 0 . j C
9.1. U
8 . •;• o
28
3
?
4
4
1
13
9
7
9
28
J
7
4
4
1
13
9
7
9
35b.oO
204.00
31?. 00
370.00
Jbtj.OU
232.00 29
373.00
296.00 23
217.00 15
164. uO 30
339.00
194.00
302.00
3b2.uO
339. UO
221.00 29
3b?.uO
282.00 23
207. OU Ib
lbb.00 30
216.00
223.00
202.00
lbri.00
206.00
212.00
192.00
160.00
*
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STOrtET KETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2b65ol
43 46 30.0 Od6 26 58.0
PtNTwATEK LAKE
26 MICHIGAN
DATE TIME DEPTH
FROM OF
TO DAY FEET
72/06/17 18
IB
18
72/09/18 13
13
13
13
13
13
72/11/13 13
13
13
13
13
13
20 0000
20 0015
?0 Ou20
10 0000
10 0004
10 0015
10 0022
10 0030
10 0038
OU 0000
00 000*
00 001E>
00 u025
00 0035
00 U04C
00010
WATEk
TEMP
CENT
17.2
15.1
11.2
19.2
18.9
18.7
14.1
13.0
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
00300
DO
MG/L
lu.4
7.2
4.b
8.S
e.H
i./
o.O
u.2
8.7
M.6
00077
StCChI
INCHES
00094
^ioucr
FIELD
76
72
32U
315
310
335
332
32o
320
3Ju
32U
390
3«5
39u
385
390
HEPALES
3
4oO
M
U
8.5u
8.03
7.58
8.63
8.63
8.57
8. IB
7.65
7.6t>
8. 00
8. JO
8.00
B.OO
00410
r «Lt\
CAC03
MG/L
143
140
140
144
144
142
142
166
1-+2
147
146
147
14b
2111202
0032
00630
N02kN03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
u.700
0.130
0.220
0.080
0.070
0.070
0.030
0.180
0.060
0.360
0.340
0.340
0.340
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.040
0.040
0.110
0.080
0.070
0.090
0.990
1.620
1.590
O.lbO
0.160
0.160
0.160
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.027
0.019
0.045
0.017
0.029
0.021
0.158
0.265
0.264
0.029
0.029
0.030
0.025
00666
PHOS-OIS
MG/L P
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.126
0.160
0.150
0.016
0.018
0.017
0.017
B.OO
132
0.340
0.150
0.030
0.017
32217
OATt TIME DEPTrt CHLniPHrL
FROM OF 4
TO DAY FEET ufc/L
72/06/17 18
72/09/18 13
72/11/13 13
20 oooo
10 0000
00 UOOO
16.oJ
16.0 J
6. J J
J V4LUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROK
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 7b/02/U4
266502
«3 46 06.0 086 25 12.0
HtNTfcATER LAKE
2t> MICHIGAN
DATE
FROM
TO
72/06/17
72/09/18
72/11/13
C0010
TIME DEPTH WATER
OF TEMP
DAY FEET
18
18
18
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
25
25
25
25
25
25
0000
0015
0025
0000
0004
0015
0022
0028
0034
0000
0004
0015
0025
0035
0038
CENT
16.
16.
11.
19.
18.
18.
17.
15.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7
1
4
6
7
1
2
1
4
4
<*
4
4
00300
DO
MG/L
11
9
4
9
7
6
3
-------
APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
riETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/u<+
26t>5Al LS2665A1
43 47 00.0 OH6 26 30.0
OUTLET CHANNEL
26 15 LUDINGTON
O/PEiMTtoATtK LAKE
bAY ST bKUb IN HENTrtATEK
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FKOM
TO
72/10/28
72/12/03
7J/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/01
73/04/24
73/05/13
73/06/04
73/06/23
73/07/07
73/07/15
73/09/09
73/09/30
CO 630 U 062:5
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOF/iL N
DAt FEET
17
13
09
09
10
14
10
09
10
10
12
10
09
16
00
15
25
45
00
15
00
?5
00
35
45
30
15
30
Mb/L
0
0
0
u
a
u
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
.
.
•
.
.
•
.
•
.
.
.
2ob
350
720
790
620
520
300
294
056
054
010K
027
132
078
Mft/L
0.650
0.400
0.520
0.460
0.420
O.DHO
1.15u
O.«20
0.5HO
0.780
1.050
0.77u
0.420
0.630
OU610 00671 00665
NH3-N PhOS-DIS PnOS-TOT
TOTAL ORFHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
u.
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0.
071
0/3
054
046
042
019
029
13o
021
020
014
010
038
036
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
006
012
016
012
019
009
005K
OOH
006
012
OlM
018
022
007
MG/L P
0.03b
O.J35
0.036
0.025
0.020
O.J30
O.u25
0.035
0.035
0.045
0.055
0.060
0.042
0.045
K VALUE KNOWN TU be
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2665A2 Lb266SA2
43 46 00.0 086 24 30.0
Pt'virrtATEK KIVEK
26 15 LUuUNGTON
I/PENTwATEK LAKE
3RD 1.3 MI SE OF PENTwTER'
lltPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET
DATE
FROM
.TO
72/10/28
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/01
73/04/29
73/Ob/13
73/06/09
73/06/23
73/07/07
73/U7/15
73/09/09
73/09/30
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02MM03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
16
13
09
09
09
14
09
09
09
10
12
10
0«
16
35
05
10
32
45
05
50
15
35
25
30
00
45
45
MG/L
0
0
0
0
ti
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
.440
.650
.73U
.820
.730
.540
.430
.290
.190
.154
.170
.140
.060
.231
MG/L
0.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
e>50
980
Wu
380
720
S20
310
800
570
950
480
440
150
630
00610 00671 00665
NH3-IM PHOS-OIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTrlO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
J.
0.
0.
u.
0.
0.
096
160
033
076
120
027
105
024
Ob<*
063
040
046
075
069
MG/L
0 .
0.
o .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
014
023
OH
012
023
OObK
008
008
013
034
020
028
025
010
MG/L P
0.036
0.037
O.U3<*
0.030
0.055
0.020
0.022
0.03u
0.045
0.06U
0.035
0.050
0.025
0.035
DEPTH
K VALUE KNOWN TO dE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STOrfET
OAT£ 7b/02/04
DATE TIME UEPTn i\iO?\N03
FKOM OF N-TOTAL
TO DAY FEET MG/L
0.340
0.530
0.500
J.490
0.610
0.^+50
0.3oO
0.315
J.320
o . 3riO
0 .360
72/10/28
72/12/03
7J/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/0^/01
73/Ot/29
73/U5/13
73/06/09
73/06/23
73/07/07
7j/o7/15
73/09/09
73/09/30
16
12
08
09
09
14
09
09
09
10
12
09
08
17
25
50
45
?6
30
00
45
15
15
15
20
30
15
00
L;>26coril
<+3 46 00.0 oSb 23 30.0
N f.i*A'NlCH PENTa/MFtk KlVEK
26 15 LU01NGTON
I/PENT WATEW LAKt
US ALT 31 bKOG
lltPALES 2111204
4 uOOO FEET
U i
O.H30
0062o
TOT KJFL
1"
MG/L
0.550
0.<+60
O.h.30
0 . ~~> oO
1.150
0.760
1.470
0.710
0.520
0.330
0.^00
0.310
0.770
0.310
o -J 6 1 0
NH3-N
TOTAL
M..,/L
U .044
0.044
0.036
u . o 2 y
C . 1 70
d . 0 34
O.JB2
U .035
u . 034
0.035
0.033
0.0 2B
0.020
0 .035
00671
PhOS-JIS
ORTMO
MG/L P
J . 0 0 h
0.013
0.009
0 . J 12
0.033
U.006
0.009
o.olo
U .0 13
U . 0 1 6
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.023
006b5
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.020
0.020
O.Old
U.03u
0.090
0.020
0.010
0 .035
0.0*0
0.03o
0.032
0.03t)
0 .050
u.GrJb
DEPTH
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE
2&6550
43 42 30
HART
26 15 HAWT
T/PENTHvAftR LAKE
HAKT LAKfc.
11EPALES
PD266S50
086 22 00.U
P001815
0000 FEET DEPTH
00630
DATE TIME DEPTH NO^^NOJ
FROM OF N-TOTAL
TO DAY FEET MG/L
u0625
TOT r\JFL
N
MG/L
00610
Nrl3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
00671
PnOS-OIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
50051
FLO*
RATt
INST MGD
50053
CONDUIT
FLOw-MG
MONTHLY
73/05/02 15 00
CP(T)-
73/05/02 23 00
0.0*3
17.000
5.050
6.000
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/u4
2565^1 PU2665bl P001384
43 47 00.0 086 26 30.0
PtNTwATE*
26 ib LUOiNGTON
U/PtiNFwATEK LAKE
HtNTwATEK LAKt
lltPrtLEb 2141204
^ 0000 FEET DEPTH
OATE
FROM
TO
i/04/12
m-
1/04/12
1/04/19
1/04/27
-
TIME DtPTH
OF
DAY FEEf
08 00
17 00
09 00
08 00
j02e4NOj
N-ToTAL
Ulj/L
0 .23u
0.240
0.125
0062b
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
3.200
3.000
2.80'J
UOblO
i\rt3-N
Tuf AL
MG/L
J.29U
0.145
0.320
00671
PnOb-DlS
UK (HO
MG/L P
1.800
1.800
1.790
00665
PnOb-TOT
MG/L P
2.100
2.000
2.100
50051
FLOrt
KATE
INST MGQ
0.172
0.172
0.172
50053
CONDUIT
FLOd-MGO
MONTHLY
0.172
Ib 00
73/05/04 U8 00
CP(T)-
73/05/04 16 00
6.000
i.895
2.400
0.172
0.172
------- |