U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
THORNAPPLE LAKE
BARRY COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 215
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
«GPO 697-O32
-------
REPORT
ON
THORNAPPLE LAKE
BARRY COUNTY
MICHIGAN
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 215
203
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND THE
MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
MARCH, 1975
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CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Michigan Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Summary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 8
V. Literature Reviewed 13
VI. Appendices 14
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FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)]s water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)]> clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
m
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.
A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Carlos Fetterolf,
Chief Environmental Scientist, Bureau of Water Management; and John
Robinson, Chief, Dennis Tierney, Aquatic Biologistj and Albert Massey,
Aquatic Biologist, Water Quality Appraisal Section, Bureau of Water
Management, Department of Natural Resources, provided invaluable lake
documentation and counsel during the course of the Survey. John Vogt,
Chief of the Bureau of Environmental Health, Michigan Department of
Public Health, and his staff were most helpful in identifying point
sources and soliciting municipal participation in the Survey.
Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.
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IV
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF MICHIGAN
LAKE NAME
Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constantine Res,
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Holloway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Mona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
White
COUNTY
Allegan
Ka lamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon
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-42°45'
THORNAPPLE LAKE
X. Lake Sampling Site
® Tributary Sampling Site
J Sewage Treatment Facility
I Direct Drainage Area Boundary
85°00'
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THORNAPPLE LAKE
STORET NO 2683
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data show that Thornapple Lake is eutrophic. Of the
35 Michigan lakes sampled in November when essentially all were
well-mixed, 15 had less mean total phosphorus, 18 had less mean
dissolved phosphorus, and only three lakes had more mean inorganic
nitrogen; of all 41 lakes sampled, 20 had greater Secchi disc
transparency, and 25 had less mean chlorophyll a*. Dissolved oxygen
was depleted at both stations at the 4-foot level in September.
Survey limnologists noted an algal bloom in progress in
September.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
A significant loss of phosphorus occurred in the algal assay
sample, and the results are not representative of conditions in
the lake at the time the sample was taken.
The lake data indicate nitrogen limitation in June and
September but phosphorus limitation in November.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources—During the sampling year, Thornapple
Lake received a total phosphorus load at a rate over four times
* See Appendix A.
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that proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as "dangerous"; i.e.,
a eutrophic rate (see page 12). However, it is probable that
Vollenweider's model does not apply to water bodies with short
hydraulic retention times. Thornapple Lake has a mean hydraulic
retention time of only 11 days, and it is likely that the model
is not applicable.
It is calculated that the Village of Nashville contributed
6.5% of the total phosphorus load to the lake during the sampling
year. While complete removal of phosphorus at this source would
2
only reduce the loading rate to about 6 g/m /yr, it is possible
that a high degree of phosphorus removal would result in persis-
tent phosphorus limitation (see page 7) and a reduction in the
incidence and severity of nuisance algal blooms. However, it
appears that a significant improvement in the trophic condition
of the lake will require reduction of the phosphorus loads from
other sources as well (see below).
2. Non-point sources—During the sampling year, the mean
phosphorus export rate of the Thornapple Lake tributaries was
a relatively high 87 pounds per square mile (see page 12), and
2
Mud Creek had a particularly high export rate of 112 Ibs/mi .
It is believed that the high export rate of Mud Creek is
due to four known point sources beyond the 25-mile limit of the
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Survey*; and, if a marked improvement in the trophic condition
of Thornapple Lake is to be achieved, all phosphorus inputs
will have to be minimized to the greatest practicable degree.
* See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".
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II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 409 acres.
2. Mean depth: 13.9 feet.
3. Maximum depth: 31 feet.
4. Volume: 5,685 acre-feet.
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 11 days.
B. Tributary and Outlet: /
(See Appendix B for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Name Drainage area* Mean flow*
2
Thornapple River 260.0 mi;; 187.9 cfs
Mud Creek 57.6 mi £ 41.8 cfs
High Bank Creek 33.9 mi 24.6 cfs
Minor tributaries & 2
immediate drainage - 7.9 mi 6.5 cfs
Totals 359.4 mi2 260.8 cfs
2. Outlet -
Thornapple River** 360.0 mi2** 260.8 cfs**
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 34.6 inches.
2. Mean annual: 32.4 inches.
t MI Dept. Cons, lake inventory map (1949); mean depth by random-dot method.
* Drainage areas are accurate within ±5%; mean daily flows for 74% of the
sampling sites are accurate within ±25% and the remaining sites up to
±40%; and mean monthly flows, normalized mean monthly flows, and mean
annual flows are slightly more accurate than mean daily flows.
** Includes area of lake; outflow adjusted to equal sum of inflows.
*** See Working Paper No. 1.
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III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Thornapple Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time, samples
for physical and chemical parameters were collected from two stations on
the lake and from a number of depths at each station (see map, page v).
During each visit, a single depth-integrated (15 feet or near bottom to
surface) sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton identi-
fication and enumeration; and during the second visit, a single five-gallon
depth-integrated sample was composited for algal assays. Also each time, a
depth-integrated sample was collected from each of the stations for chloro-
phyll a^ analysis. The maximum depths sampled were 11 feet at station 1
and 20 feet at station 2.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C, and the data
for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was well-mixed, are
summarized below. Note, however, the Secchi disc summary is based on all
values.
For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling times,
refer to Appendix C.
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A. Physical and chemical characteristics:
FALL VALUES
Parameter Minimum
Temperature (Cent.) 5.6
Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 9.1
Conductivity (ymhos) 585
pH (units) 7.7
Alkalinity (mg/1) 170
Total P (mg/1) 0.035
Dissolved P (mg/1) 0.028
N0? + NO- (mg/1) 1.530
Ammonia fmg/1) 0.050
Seechi disc (inches) 32
Biological characteristics:
(11/14/72)
Mean Median
Maximum
5.7
9.6
593
7.7
201
0.042
0.032
1.644
0.093
5.6
9.2
590
7.7
200
0.043
0.034
1.640
0.120
5.8
10.4
600
7.7
250
0.049
0.039
1.780
0.130
ALL VALUES
57
1. Phytoplankton* -
Sampling
Date
09/18/72
11/14/72
Dominant
Genera
1. Lyngbya
2. Synedra
3. Microcystis
4. Flagellates
5. Mallomonas
Other genera
Total
1. Flagellates
2. Aphanothece
3. Raphidiopsis
4. Fragilaria
5. Dinobryon
Other genera
Total
60
Number
per ml
2,620
1,084
904
632
542
2,622
8,404
803
582
150
110
100
363
2,108
84
The June sample was lost in shipment.
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2. Chlorophyll a^ -
(Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
Sampling Station Chlorophyll a_
Date Number (yg/1)
06/13/72 01 30.7
02 24.2
09/18/72 01 20.6
02 11.3
11/14/72 01 0.4
02 0.7
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
There was a loss of about 55% of the dissolved phosphorus in
the algal assay sample from the time of collection to the time
the assay was begun, and the results are not representative of
conditions in the lake at the time the sample was taken.
The lake data indicate nitrogen limitation in June and
September (N/P ratios were 9/1 and 12/1, respectively) but phos-
phorus limitation in November (N/P ratio = 54/1).
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8
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix D for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Michigan National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the
tributary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the high
runoff months of April and May, when two samples were collected, and
the colder months when one or more samples were omitted depending on
the site. Sampling was begun in October, 1972, and was completed in
September, 1973.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the
year of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by
the Michigan District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the
tributary sites nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were deter-
mined by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loadings for unsam-
pled "minor tributaries and immediate drainage" ("II" of U.S.G.S.) were
2
estimated by using the means of the nutrient loads, in Ibs/mi /year, in
High Bank Creek at station C-l and multiplying the means by the II area
in mi .
The operator of the Nashville wastewater treatment plant provided
monthly effluent samples and corresponding flow data, and it is assumed
* See Working Paper No. 1.
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the entire nutrient load from this plant reached Thornapple Lake
during the sampling year.
The nutrient loads attributed to the Thornapple River are those
measured at station A-2 minus the Nashville loads.
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal* -
Pop. Mean Receiving
Name Served Treatment Flow (mgd) Water
Nashville 1,558** Imhoff 0.121 Thornapple River
2. Known industrial - None
* Cowles, 1973.
** 1970 Census.
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10
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Thornapple River 22,300 66.2
Mud Creek 6,450 19.1
High Bank Creek 2,130 6.3
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 500 1.5
c. Known municipal STP's -
Nashville 2,200 6.5
d. Septic tanks* - 60 0.2
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 60 0.2
Total 33,700 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Thornapple River 26,610
3. Net annual P accumulation - 7,090 pounds
* Estimate based on 100 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
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11
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
Ibs N/ % of
Source r total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Thornapple River 708,340 75.6
Mud Creek 154,730 16.5
High Bank Creek 49,380 5.3
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 11,510 1.2
c. Known municipal STP's -
Nashville 7,210 0.8
d. Septic tanks* - 2,350 0.2
e. Known industrial - None
f. Direct precipitation** - 3.940 0.4
Total 937,460 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Thornapple River 828,330
3. Net annual N accumulation - 109,130 pounds
* Estimate based on 100 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.
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12
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
2 2
Tributary Ibs P/mi /yr Ibs N/mi /yr
Thornapple River 86 2,724
Mud Creek 112 2,686
High Bank Creek 63 1,457
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
receiving waters would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligo-
trophic if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would
be considered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Units
Ibs/acre/yr
grams/m2/yr
Total Accumulated
82.4
9.24
17.3
1.94
Total Accumulated
2,303.9
258.2
278.8
31.2
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/m /yr) based on mean depth and mean
hydraulic retention time of Thornapple Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 2.20
"Permissible" (oligotrophic rate) 1.10
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13
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
Cowles, Fred E., 1973. Treatment plant questionnaire (Nashville
STP). MI Dept. Publ. Health, Lansing.
Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press). Input-output models. Schweiz,
Z. Hydrol.
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VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOKAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARD RESERVOIR
26A2 60AROMAN HrORO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETS1E LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
2617 LAKE CHARLEVOIX
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
26*3 KENT LAKE
2648 LAKE MACATAWA
2649 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORD LAKE
2683 TMORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
2688 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.062
0.117
0.006
0.123
0.121
0.118
0.025
0.109
0.007
0.044 '
0.027
0.105
0.372
0.180
0.040
0.197
0.018
0.087
0.027
0.246
0.026
0.034
0.016
0.042
0.083
0.027
0.307
0.163
-t«LL VALUtS-
MEAN
DISS P
0.043
0.022
0.005
0.057
0.086
0.048
0.008
0.073
0.006
0.014
0.008
0.058 •
0.342 '
0.144
0.015
0.120
0.010
0:0*3
0.017
0.183
0.015
0.021
0.008
0.032
0.064
0.019
U.241
0.148
MEAN
INORG N
1.461
3.835
0.358
1.168
1.489
1.420
0.273
1.015
0.230
0.132
0.910
1.536
1.406
1.998
0.417
2.358
0.304
0.469
0.496
0.818
0.183
0.460
0.307
1.737
1.252
0.367
0.963
0.749
500-
MEAN SEC
439.375
473.000
363.500
470.222
456.167
465.250
461.667
456.000
351.250
404.333
456.167
456.167
441.667
427.667
455.000
477.600
451.333
436.444
430.667
457.333
435.500
465.333
458.750
442.833
455.500
417.778
451.667
418.400
MEAN
CHLORA
10.67b
11.967
1.267
20.311
27.800
28.262
4.567
44.233
3.008
13.483
39.317
14.733
28.500
20.517
33.944
25.600
6.317
9.511
16.083
27.217
8.133
10.383
13.791
14.650
15.667
9.211
27.783
10.067
15-
MIN 00
9.200
9.500
6.600
12.600
14.850
fl.200'
7.400
7.500
9.240
14.800
7.500
14.000
14.800
14.900
13.000
12.200
11.380
14. BOO
14.800
8.020
9.600
8.200
8.300
10.800
8.200
13.400
14.100
13.600
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.134
0.009
0.007
0.018
0.043
0.032
0.069
-r AUL VAUUL:
MEAN
DISS P
0.093
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.029
0.024
0.050
MEAN
INORG N
1.227
0.164
0.058
0.136
0.436
0.346
0.567
500-
MEAN SEC
462.667
380.000
268.500
420.833
407.889
448.667
419.800
MEAN
CHLORA
5.583
2.986
1.043
9.217
11.967
11.833
11.117
15-
MIN t)0
8.420
13.000
9.400
8.200
14.800
8.600
13.600
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES KITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
26AO HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR
26Ai CARD RESERVOIR
26A2 BOARDMAN HYDRO POND
2603 ALLEGAN LAKE
2606 BARTON LAKE
2609 BELLEVILLE LAKE
2610 BETSIE LAKE
2613 BRIGHTON LAKE
8617 LAKE CHARLEV01X
2618 LAKE CHEMUNG
2621 CONSTANTINE RESERVOIR
2629 FORD LAKE
2631 FREMONT LAKE
2640 JORDAN LAKE
2643 KENT LAKE
26*8 LAKE MACATAWA
26*9 MANISTEE LAKE
2659 MUSKEGON LAKE
2665 PENTWATER LAKE
2671 RANDALL LAKE
2672 ROGERS POND
2673 ROSS RESERVOIR
2674 SANFORO LAKE
2683 THORNAPPLE LAKE
2685 UNION LAKE
2688 WHITE LAKE
2691 MONA LAKE
2692 LONG LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P UISS P
46
29
97
20
23
26
77
31
91
49
71
34
0
11
57
9
80
37
69
6
74
60
86
54
40
66
3
14
( 16)
( 13)
( 34)
( 7>
( 8)
( 9)
( 27)
( 11)
( 3?)
( 17»
( 25)
( 12)
( 0)
( 4)
( 20)
( 31
I 28)
( 13)
( 24)
( 2)
( 26)
( 21)
( 30)
( 19)
( 14)
( 23)
( 1)
( 5)
43
54
97
31
20
37
77
23
91
71
83
29
0
11
69
14
74
«»0
63
6
66
57
80
46
26
60
3
9
< 15)
( 19)
( 34)
( 11)
( 7)
( 13)
( 27)
'( 8)
( 32)
( 25)
( 29)
( -10)
( 0)
( 4)
( 24)
( 5)
( 26)
( 14)
( 22)
( 2)
( 23)
( 20)
( 28)
( 16)
( 9)
( 21)
( 1)
( 3)
MEAN
INORG N
17
0
69
Jl
14
20
80
34
83
94
40
11
23
6
63
3
77
54
51
43
86
57
7*
9
26
66
37
46
( 6)
( 0)
( 24)
( 11)
( 5)
( 7)
< 28)
( 12)
< 29)
( 33)
( 14)
( 4)
( 8)
( 2)
( 22)
( 1)
( 27)
( 19)
( 18)
( 15)
( 30)
( 20)
( 26).
( 3)
( 9)
( 23)
( 13)
( 16)
500-
MEAN SEC
57
3
91
6
29
11
17
34
94
86
29
29
54
69
40
0
46
60
66
23
63
9
20
51
37
80
43
77
I 20)
( 1)
( 32)
< 2)
( 9)
( 4)
( 6)
( 12)
( 33)
( 30)
( 9)
( 9)
I 19)
( 24)
( 14)
( 0)
( 16)
( 211
( 23)
( 8)
( 22)
I 3)
< 7)
( 18)
( 13)
( 28)
( 15)
( 27)
— ALL VALUtS— --------
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN 00
60
49
94
29
14
11
86
0
89
46
3
37
9
26
6
23
80
69
31
20
77
63
43
40
34
74
17
66
( 21)
( 17)
( 33)
< 10)
( 5)
( 4)
( 30)
( 0)
( 31)
( 16)
( 1)
( 13)
( 3)
( 9)
( 2)
( 8)
( 28)
( 24)
( 11)
( 7)
( 27)
( 22)
( 15)
( 14)
( 12)
( 26)
( 6)
( 23)
63
54
97
40
3
79
94
90
60
11
90
23
11
0
36
43
46
11
11
86
51
79
71
4V
79
31
20
27
( 22)
( 19)
( 34)
( 14)
( 1)
(' 26)
( 33)
( 31)
( 21)
( 2)
( 31)
I 8>
( 2)
( 0)
( 12)
( 15)
( 16)
( 2)
( 2)
( 30)
( 18)
( 26)
(25)
( 17)
( 2b>
( 11)
( 7)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
286
189
545
157
103
184
431
212
508
357
316
163
97
123-
271
92
403
271
291
184
417
325
374
2*9
242
377
I
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2693 ST LOUIS RESERVOIR
2694 CRYSTAL LAKE
2695 HIGGINS LAKE
2696 HOUGHTON LAKE
2697 THOMPSON LAKE
2698 PERE MARQUETTE LAKE
2699 STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P DISS P
17
89
94
63
51
63
43
( 6)
< 31)
( 33)
( 29)
( 18)
( 22)
( 15)
17
89
94
86
49
51
34
( 6)
( 31)
( 33)
( 30)
( 17)
( 18)
( 12)
MEAN
INORG N
29
89
97
91
60
71
49
( 10)
( 31)
( 34)
( 32)
( 21)
( 25)
( 17)
500-
MEAN SEC
14
89
97
71
83
49
74
( 5)
( 3D
( 34)
( 25)
( 29)
( 17)
( 26)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN DO
83 (
91 (
97 (
71 t
51 (
54 (
57 (
29)
32)
34)
25)
18)
19)
20)
69
36
57
79
11
66
27
( 24)
( 12)
( 20)
( 26)
( 2)
( 23)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
229
483
536
481
305
354
284
-------
APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARY FLO* INFORMATION FUR MICHIGAN
2/3/75
LAKE CODE 2683
CHURNAPPLE LAKE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKEISU MI)
SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY AREAISQ MI)
3e>0.00
NORMALIZED FLOWS(CFS)
2683A1
2683A2
2683B1
2683C1
26832Z
360.00
260.00
57.60
33.90
8.50
JAu
273.00
197.00
43.70
?5.7o
6.60
FEH
295.00
213.00
47.10
27.70
7.40
MAR
609.00
440.00
97.40
57.30
15.20
APR
538.00
388.00
66.60
50.60
13.40
MAY
392.00
283.00
62.70
36.90
9.bO
JUN
209.00
151.00
33.40
19. t>0
5.20
JUL
115.00
83.10
18.40
10.80
2.90
AUG
89.
64.
14.
8.
2.
00
10
20
40
20
SEP
97.00
70.20
15.60
9.20
2.40
OCT
137.00
99.20
22.00
12.90
3.40
NOV
166.00
120.00
26.50
15.60
4.10
SUMMARr
TOTAL
SUM Of
DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE =
SUd-ORAlNAGE AREAS =
360.00
360.00
TOTAL
TOTAL
FLOW
FLO*
IN =
OUT =
3131.
3134.
60
00
DEC
MEAN
214.00 260.98
148.00 187.91
34.30 41.80
20.20 24.56
.5.40 6.51
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR
2683A1
MEAN FLOW UAY
(-LOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW
2683A2
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
tt
5
6
7
H
9
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
7J
73
73
73
73
73
73
274.00
405.00
510.00
982.00
339.1)0
935.00
7 18.. 00
379.00
328.00
277.00
121.00
103.00
198.00
350.00
368.00
709.00
245.00
675.00
5 1 c . u 0
273. JO
237.00
2uO . 'JU
«7. uO
74.;iO
26
26
8
4
6
4
10
4
31
24
28
28
8
4
6
H
8
H
31
2<*
597.00
463.00
lloO.OO
496.00
95t.OO
521.00
587.00
583.00
95.00
109.00
431. OU
334.00
837.00
35b.OO
btsb.uO
37o.OJ
254. OU
421.00
69. OU
^.00
28
20
25
27
26
20
25
27
222.00
449.00
335.00
13b.OO
loO.OO
324.00
£?<+^.00
100.00
-------
TRlriUTAKY FLO* INFORMATION FOrt ,-IICJriIGAN
2/3/75
LAKE CODE 2683
THOKNAPPLE LAKE
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND OAILY FLOWS(CFS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAH MEAN FLOw DAY
2683B1
2683C1
2683ZZ
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
OA»
44.00
78.00
82.00
158.00
54.00
150.00
115.00
61. 00
53.00
44.00
19.00
16.00
26.00
46.00
48.00
92.00
32.00
88.00
68.00
36.00
31.00
26.00
11.00
9.70
6.40
11.00
12.00
33.00
8.00
22.00
17.00
8.90
7.70
6.50
2.«0
2.40
28
26
a
4
6
4
10
4
31
24
28
28
8
4
6
4
10
4
31
24
96.00
74.00
186.00
80.00
D
153.00
84.00
94.00
93.00
15.00
18.00
56.00
44.00
109.00
47.00
90.00
49.00
55.00
55.00
9.00
10.00
28
20
28
28
20
25
27
FLOW OAY
36.00
72.00
22.00
21.00
42.00
32.00
13.00
FLOW
-------
APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STOkET KETrtlEVAL OATt 7S/G2/d<+
2t>a301
42 3Y 30.u u«5 11 00.0
I'HO>*V>|APPLE
2b
OOOlU
DATE TIME DEPTH (VATER
FKOM OF TEMP
TO DAY FEET CENT
72/06/13 09 55 0000 19.4
09 55 OOOh 1».5
09 55 0011 17.0
72/09/18 14 30 0000
14 30 0004
IH 30 0011 19.0
72/11/14 16 25 OOOu
16 25 0004 5.8
16 25 OOOH 5.7
u ij 3 u 0
DO
Mt/L
11.0
9.7
7.0
u.U
u.O
00^94
SECCnl
INCHES
ou
r IELU
MICP-OMHO
60C
600
540
550
D3li
600
>>00
11EPALES
b
U400
Pn
b(J
8.40
8.45
6.10
b.55
tt.3b
H.43
7. 7 j
7.7J
7.7o
00410
T ALl\
CAC03
Mb/L
^63
272
276
250
246
238
180
17J
200
2111202
0011
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.090
0.160
0.210
0.390
0.430
0.350
1.&70
1.640
1.780
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.050
0.040
0.160
0.070
0.060
0.060
0.050
0.050
0.050
00b65
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.026
0.029
0.050
0.050
0.055
0.056
0.036
0.035
0.038
00666
PHOS-DIS
MG/L P
0.019
0.019
0.034
0.027
0.029
0.022
0.028
0.028
0.028
DATE TIME DEPTH
FRO.-! OK
TO JAY FEET
72/00/13 09 55 0000
72/J9/18 14 30 OOOJ
72/11/14 16 2b OUOO
3?217
A
UG/L
30. 7J
20.»DJ
0.4J
J VALUE KNOWN TO HF IN ERROK
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 7b/02/04
2603l»2
42 37 00.0 083 11 30.U
IrlORNAPPLE LAKE
26
DATE
FROM
TO
72/06/13
72/09/18
72/11/14
00010
TIME DEPTH WATER
OF TEMP
DAY FEET
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
23
23
23
23
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0000
0010
0015
0018
0000
0004
0015
0000
0004
0015
0020
CENT
19.
19.
12.
12.
18.
17.
5.
5.
5.
5
0
8
1
9
3
6
6
6
00300
DO
MG/L
9
5
*+
0
0
0
9
9
9
.8
.9
.2
.0
.0
.0
.2
.1
.2
U0077
TkaNSP CNOUCTVY
StCCHI FIELD
INCHES
72
35
60
600
blO
560
540
530
525
550
590
590
585
585
11EPALES
5
00400
PH
su
8.40
6.15
7.U5
7.80
8.65
8.45
8.00
7.70
7. 70
7.70
7.70
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
268
272
256
256
248
260
268
180
210
220
250
2111202
0018
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.130
0.110
0.020
0.070
0.100
0.120
0.110
1.530
1.560
1.630
1.700
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.060
0.170
0.170
0.460
0.060
0.050
0.650
0.120
0.120
0.130
0.130
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.019
0.045
0.059
0.111
0.046
0.039
0.123
0.049
0.043
0.045
0.048
00666
PHOS-DIS
MG/L P
0.010
0.033
0.043
0.055
0.023
0.015
0.081
0.039
0.035
0,035
0.034
32217
DATE TIME DEPTH CHLKPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET Uti/L
72/06/13 10 23 OOUO 24.2J
72/09/18 15 00 0000 11.3J
72/11/14 16 00 0000 0.7J
J VALUE KNOWN TO BE IN ERROR
-------
APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL uATt 75/02/^4
2683A1 LS2683A1
42 37 00.0 085 12 3U.O
IHJKNAPPLL KIVEK
26 15 NASHVILLE
0/THOKNAPPLE LAKE
dr
0.030
0.100
DEPTH
K VALUE KNOw/N TO rft
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STOKET RETRIEVAL DATE 7-D/02/U4
L52bM3A2
42 3d 00.u 085 09 30.0
[HORN APPLE r30
420
380
0.
j.
0.
0.
0.
u •
0.
0.
0.
ij .
L .
0.
0.
0.
150
015
050
033
048
Olb
019
044
Ob4
078
057
030
039
063
MG/L
0.
U.
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
J.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
u44
016
036
018
016
009
Oil
020
023
054
040
046
053
038
MG/L P
0.081
0.030
0.061
0.035
0.045
u.025
0.035
0.065
0.0b5
0.090
0.130
0.090
0.095
0.0b5
-------
STORE! KEfRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
L:>26d3A3
<»2 30 30.v u65 OD 30.0
I hO*iMAPPLt KWtK
2b 15 iMAbny/lLLt
r/Tt-IUKiNAPPLELAKE
OKDG AT N tuGE OF' NASHvlLLtABOVE STP
lltPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/28
72/11/28
73/01/08
73/02/04
73/04/06
73/04/20
73/05/04
73/05/25
73/06/10
73/07/04
73/07/27
73/08/31
73/09/24
OU630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02fcN03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL M
DAY FEET
09
14
14
17
11
14
12
14
11
19
11
11
12
15
30
54
50
55
15
50
45
45
19
00
11
25
MG/L
1
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
(J
l<
.500
.350
.000
.540
.240
.770
.730
.630
.880
.140
.198
.125
.231
MG/L
O.B5G
0.600
1.200
0.4«0
0.7HO
0.840
1.000
1.260
1.26U
1.7*5
0.780
0.60U
0.460
00610 00671 OOfeDD
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PriOS-TOT
TOTAL O^ThO
MG
0
0
0
0
(l
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/L
.088
.012
.027
.u2B
.016
.018
.024
.062
.072
.130
.072
.090
.Ob8
MG/L
0.
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0..
0.
0.
0.
0.
u.
0.
p
039
016
032
012
OObK
Oil
022
023
048
058
037
u39
023
MG/L P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.075
.031
.056
.030
,02b
.OJS
.063
.06o
.110
.130
.OVri
.115
.070
K VALUE KNOWN TO t)£
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/U4
2683ril L52683B1
42 38 30.0 085 09 30.0
MUD CREEK
26 15 NASHVILLE
T/THORNAPPLE LAKE
bKUG J MI iNM OK NASHVILLE
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/28
72/11/28
73/01/Od
73/02/04
73/02/28
73/04/06
73/04/20
73/05/04
73/06/10
73/07/04
73/07/28
73/06/31
73/09/24
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02«>N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAt FEET
10
14
15
17
08
12
14
I?.
12
19
11
11
13
00
45
32
40
15
10
35
40
07
35
19
30
15
MG/L
1
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
J
0
0
0
0
.500
.430
.800
.620
.240
.06U
.400
.710
.700
.820
.410
.370
.273
HG/L
0.
1.
1.
0.
1.
0.
0.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
950
400
150
800
400
660
750
000
200
050
580
540
340
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-OIS PHOb-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
063
096
022
040
113
013
016
029
084
048
088
168
052
MG/L
0.
0.
0 *
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
060
014
030
018
018
010
016
050
102
080
060
064
032
MG/L P
0.105
0.029
0.054
0.040
0.045
0.025
O.U45
0.090
0.135
0.135
0.105
0.120
0.075
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
2683C1 LS2683C1
42 37 30.0 085 11 00.0
tiANK CREEK
26 Is NASHVILLE
T/THUR!MAPPLE LAKE
ROAD CRObblNG AT W EDGE OF MORGAN
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/2H
72/11/28
73/01/08
73/02/04
73/02/28
73/04/06
73/04/20
73/05/04
73/05/25
73/06/10
73/07/04
73/07/27
73/08/31
73/09/24
OG630 00625
TIMF DEPTH N026.N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
10
14
15
17
08
12
14
12
15
12
19
11
11
13
10
55
22
25
05
18
45
30
10
14
45
?7
37
05
Mb/L MG/L
0.
o .
J .
0.
0.
0.
0.
J .
0.
J.
0.
u .
0.
0.
200
260
357
29n
330
105
050
091
126
250
240
2sO
310
189
C.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
800
630
6^0
6-)0
600
690
80C
tfOo
150
260
720
660
350
270
UJ610 00671 00665
NH.i-N PHOS-DIS PHUS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0' .
0 .
0.
j .
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
0 .
0.
0.
0 .
066
014
015
028
048
020
014
018
069
044
027
020
052
019
MG/L
0.
0 •
J .
0.
0.
0 •
0.
L •
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
010
007
Oil
008
015
OOb
009
015
018
037
028
015
016
014
MG/L P
0.042
0.019
0.031
0.025
0.020
0.025
0.03G
0.04^
0.060
0.100
0.005
0.045
O.o50
0.030
-------
STOfltT KETRIEVAL DAft 7:>/02/04
26d3bO 1H268350
42 36 00.0 085 Ob 00.0
NAbrtVlLLt
2o 15 NASHVILLE
LAKE
P000470
DATE
FROM
TO
73/01/05
cpm-
73/01/05
73/02/05
CP(T)-
73/02/05
73/03/01
CP(T)-
73/03/01
73/04/17
73/05/10
CP(T)-
73/05/10
73/06/12
CP(T>-
73/06/12
73/08/16
CP(T)-
73/08/16
73/09/05
73/10/05
74/01/07
74/02/05
74/04/24
74/05/03
00630
TIME DEPTH N02^N03
OF H-TOTAL
DAY FEET MG/L
08
16
10
Ib
13
15
10
13
16
14
16
13
15
10
09
12
10
09
16
00
00
00
00
00
00
30
30
00
30
30
00
00
00
30
00
35
15
20
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
.400
.890
.630
.035
.570
.650
.048
.250
.48J
,6aO
.320
.640
.520
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
9.700
13.800
19.600
27.300
17.600
24.000
33.bOO
30.000
23.000
15.000
1 4 . £; 0 6
18.000
22.000
OOolO 00671
NH3-N PHOS-D1S
TOTAL OKTHO
MG/L MG/L P
0.147
0.155
1.100
22.300
0.410
1.600
12.400
o.bOO
1 .bbu
i/.29u
u.725
4.300
1.475
2.700
2.237
7.200
2.900
3.200
5.800
2.400
3.200
1 .ofao
2.100
3.150
11EPALLS 2141204
4 0000 FEET
00665 50051 50053
PHOS-TJT FLOW CONDUIT
KATt FLOw-MGD
MG/L P 1NST MGD MONTHLY
2.000
12.000
3.200
8.200
7.100
9.faOo
5.300
b.700
4. /JU
2.VOO
3.200
d.^00
0.203
0. 150
0.126
0.1 ol
0.129
O.lb9
O.y79
O.Obl
O.u59
0.196
0.226
0.140
0.0d9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.183
.138
.092
.125
.136
.098
.082
.080
.063
.089
.12b
.229
.126
DEPTH
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