U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
               NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
                         WORKING PAPER SERIES
                                    .
     REPORT
       ON
    WHITE LAKE
  rUSKEGON COUNTY
     MICHIGAN
   EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 217
           PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
                         An Associate Laboratory of the
             NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
                                  and
       NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH  CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
WGPO	697.032

-------
                                   REPORT
                                     ON
                                 WHITE LAKE
                               MUSKEGON COUN1Y
                                  MICHIGAN
                                EPA REGION V
                            WORKING PAPER No, 217


                                         204
       WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
                 AND THE
         MICHIGAN NATIONAL GUARD
               MARCH, 1975

-------
                               CONTENTS
                           N

                                                           Page


  Foreword                                                  i i


  List of Michigan Study Lakes                              iv


  Lake and Drainage Area Map                                 v



  Sections


  I.   Conclusions                                            1


 II.   Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics                3


III.   Lake Water Quality Summary                             4


 IV.   Nutrient Loadings                                      7


  V.   Literature Reviewed                                   12


 VI.   Appendices                                            13

-------
                                11
                         FOREWORD
    The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.

OBJECTIVES

    The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.

ANALYTIC APPROACH

    The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:

        a.  A generalized representation or model relating
    sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.

        b.  By applying measurements of relevant parameters
    associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
    can be transformed into an operational representation of
    a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.

        c.  With such a transformation, an assessment of the
    potential for eutrophication control can be made.

LAKE ANALYSIS

    In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented.  The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.

-------
                                m
    Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes.  Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

    The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources for professional involvement and to the
Michigan National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling
phase of the Survey.

    A. Gene Gazlay, former Director, and David H. Jenkins, Acting
Director, Michigan Department of Natural Resources; and Carlos
Fetterolf, Chief Environmental Scientist, and Dennis Tierney,
Aquatic Biologist, Bureau of Water Management, Department of Natural
Resources, provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during
the course of the Survey.  John Vogt, Chief of the Bureau of Environ-
mental Health, Michigan Department of Public Health, and his staff
were most helpful in identifying point sources and soliciting municipal
participation in the Survey.

    Major General Clarence A. Schnipke (Retired), then the Adjutant
General of Michigan, and Project Officer Colonel Albert W. Lesky,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the Michigan National Guardsmen,
are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey.

-------
                                IV
                  NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY

                            STUDY LAKES
                         STATE OF MICHIGAN
LAKE NAME

Allegan Res.
Barton
Belleville
Betsie
Brighton
Caro Res.
Charlevoix
Chemung
Constantine Res
Crystal
Deer
Ford
Fremont
Higgins
Holloway Res.
Houghton
Jordon
Kent
Long
Macatawa
Manistee
Mona
Muskegon
Pentwater
Pere Marquette
Portage
Randall
Rogers Pond
Ross
St. Louis Res.
Sanford
Strawberry
Thompson
Thornapple
Union
White
COUNTY

Allegan
Kalamazoo
Wayne
Benzie
Livingston
Tuscola
Charlevoix
Livingston
St. Joseph
Montcalm
Marquette
Washtenaw
Newago
Roscommon
Genesee, Lapeer
Roscommon
Ionia, Barry
Oakland
St. Joseph
Ottawa
Manistee
Muskegon
Muskegon
Oceana
Mason
Houghton
Branch
Mecosta
Gladwin
Gratiot
Midland
Livingston
Livingston
Barry
Branch
Muskegon

-------
  LAKE
MICHIGAN
                       WHITE   LAKE

                 8   Tributary Sampling Site

                 X   Lake Sampling Site

                 f   Sewage Treatment Facility

                (s~~\  Direct Drainage Area Limits

                ^   Indirect Drainage Area
                   o        234    5  Mi.
                             Scale

-------
                            WHITE LAKE
                          STORE! NO. 2688

I.  CONCLUSIONS
    A.  Trophic Condition:
            Survey data and the records of others (Robinson et al.,
        1967) show that White Lake is eutrophic.  Of the 35 Michigan
        lakes sampled in November when essentially all  were well-mixed,
        nine had less mean total phosphorus, 12 had less mean dissolved
        phosphorus, and 11 had less mean inorganic nitrogen; of all  41
        lakes sampled, six had greater Secchi disc transparency,  and
        eight had less mean chlorophyll a*.  Marked depression of dis-
        solved oxygen at and below 27 feet occurred at stations 2 and
        3 in September, 1972.
            Ketelle and Uttormark (1971) reported that excessive  algal
        and aquatic weed growths occur regularly in White Lake.
    B.  Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
            There was a significant loss of phosphorus in the algal  assay
        sample, and the results are not representative of conditions in
        the lake at the time the sample was taken.  The lake data indi-
        cate nitrogen limitation in June and September but phosphorus
        limitation in November.
* See Appendix A.

-------
  C.  Nutrient Controllability:
          1.  Point sources—During the sampling year, White Lake
      received a total phosphorus load at a rate about 1.5 times
      the rate proposed by Vollenweider (in press) as "dangerous";
      i.e., a eutrophic rate (see page 11).  However, White Lake
      has a relatively short mean hydraulic retention time of 56
      days, and Vollenweider's model may not be applicable.
          The City of Whitehall no longer impacts White Lake, and
      the other point sources considered in this report either have
      or soon will terminate their discharges (Bastian, 1974).
          It is calculated that elimination of these discharges will
      reduce the phosphorus loading rate to 14.6 Ibs/acre/yr or 1.64
         2
      g/m /yr.  While this rate will still  exceed the eutrophic rate,
      in view of the short hydraulic retention time and the question-
      able applicability of Vollenweider's  model, it is believed  the
      lower loading rate will at least reduce the incidence and
      severity of nuisance algal blooms as  well as provide additional
      protection for Lake Michigan.
          2.  Non-point sources (see page ll)--During the sampling  year,
      the phosphorus export of the White River was somewhat high  as
      compared to the exports of Michigan streams studied elsewhere.
      This relatively high export and the export N/P ratio indicate a
      possible point source in the drainage beyond the 25-mile limit  of
      the Survey*.
See Working Paper No. 1, "Survey Methods, 1972".

-------
II.   LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN  CHARACTERISTICS
     A.   Lake Morphometry :
         1.   Surface area:  2,571  acres.
         2.   Mean depth:   22.5  feet.
         3.   Maximum depth:   70+ feet.
         4.   Volume:  57,940  acre-feet.
         5.   Mean hydraulic retention  time:   56  days.
     B.   Tributary and Outlet:
         (See Appendix B  for  flow data)
         1.   Tributaries  -
             Name                             Drainage  area* Mean flow*
             White River              '             481.0  mi2   495.1 cfs
             Minor tributaries  &                          2
              immediate drainage -                 24.0  mi      27.2 cfs
                          Totals                  505.0  mi2   522.3 cfs
         2.   Outlet -
             White River                           509.0  mi2** 522.3 cfs
     C.   Precipitation***:
         1.   Year of sampling:   31.0  inches.
         2.   Mean annual: 31.4 inches.
 t Robinson,  Cosens,  & Mills,  1967.
 * Drainage areas  are accurate within  ±5%;  mean  daily  flows  for  74% of  the
   drainage areas  are accurate within  ±25%  and the  remaining sites up to
   ±40%;  and  mean  monthly flows,  normalized mean monthly  flows,  and mean
   annual  flows  are slightly more accurate  than  mean daily flows.
 ** Includes  area  of lake.
 *** See  Working Paper No.  1,  "Survey  Methods, 1972".

-------
III.  LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
      White Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
  of 1972 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter.   Each time,
  samples for physical and chemical  parameters were collected from
  three stations on the lake and from two or more depths  at each sta-
  tion (see map, page v).  During each visit, a single depth-integrated
  (15 feet to surface) sample was composited from the stations for  phyto-
  plankton identification and enumeration; and during the second visit,
  a single five-gallon depth-integrated sample was composited for algal
  assays.  Also each time, a depth-integrated sample was  collected  from
  each of the stations for chlorophyll ^analysis.  The maximum depths
  sampled were 21 feet at station 1, 54 feet at station 2, and 34 feet
  at station 3.
      The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C, and the
  data for the fall sampling period, when the lake essentially was  well-
  mixed, are summarized below.  Note, however, the Secchi  disc summary
  is based on all values.
      For differences in the various parameters at the other sampling
  times, refer to Appendix C.

-------
    A.
    B.
Physical and chemical  characteristics:

                                    FALL VALUES
        Parameter               Minimum

        Temperature (Cent.)       6.9
        Dissolved oxygen (mg/1)  10.2
        Conductivity (ymhos)    460
        pH (units)                7.8
        Alkalinity (mg/1)       131
        Total P (mg/1)            0.026
        Dissolved P (mg/1)        0.018
        N0? + NO, (mg/1)          0.130
        Ammonia frng/l)            0.210
Secchi disc (inches)     60

Biological characteristics:

1.  Phytoplankton* -
            Sampling
            Date

            09/18/72
                                    (11/14/72)

                                      Mean       Median
          Maximum
7.0
10.3
471
7.9
135
0.027
0.019
0.141
0.226
7.0
10.4
470
7.9
135
0.027
0.019
0.140
0.230
7.1
10.4
480
7.9
138
0.031
0.021
0.160
0.230
                                              ALL VALUES

                                               82
            11/14/72
Dominant
Genera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Fragilaria
Melosira
Anabaena
Flagellates
Microcystis
Other genera
Total
Melosira
Fragilaria
Synedra
Aphanothece
Cyclotella
Other genera
72
108
                                                     Number
                                                     per ml

                                                     1,135
                                                       961
                                                       376
                                                       202
                                                       103
                                                       629

                                                     3,406
                                              Total
                                                     4,576
* The June sample was lost in shipment.

-------
    2.  Chlorophyll a_ -
        (Because of instrumentation problems during the 1972 sampling,
        the following values may be in error by plus or minus 20 percent.)
        Sampling             Station                 Chlorophyll a_
        Date                 Number                  (yg/1)	
        06/13/72               01                        15.5
                               02                        18.9
                               03                        14.8
        09/18/72               01                         6.9
                               02                        16.0
                               03                         7.2
        11/14/72               01                         1.2
                               02                         1.2
                               03                         1.2
C.  Limiting Nutrient Study:
        More than half of the dissolved phosphorus in the algal assay
    sample was lost between the time of collection and the beginning
    of the assay, and the results are not representative of conditions
    in the lake at the time the sample was collected (09/18/72).
        The lake data indicate nitrogen limitation in June and Sep-
    tember (N/P ratios were 10/1) but phosphorus limitation in Nov-
    ember (N/P = 19/1).

-------
IV.   NUTRIENT LOADINGS
     (See Appendix D for data)
     For the determination of nutrient loadings,  the  Michigan  National
 Guard collected monthly near-surface  grab samples  from each of  the
 tributary sites indicated on the map  (page v), except for the months
 of April and June,  when two samples were  collected,  and November  when
 samples were omitted.   Sampling was begun in  October, 1972, and was
 completed in September, 1973.
     Through an interagency agreement, stream  flow  estimates for the
 year of sampling and a "normalized" or average year  were provided by
 the Michigan District  Office of the U.S.  Geological  Survey for  the
 tributary sites nearest the lake.
     In this report, nutrient loads for the White River were deter-
 mined by using a modification  of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
 program for calculating stream loadings*.  Nutrient  loadings  for  "minor
 tributaries and immediate drainage"  ("II" of  U.S.G.S.) were estimated
 by using the mean concentrations in Cleveland Creek  at station  B-l and
 the mean II flow.
     The operation of the Whitehall primary wastewater treatment plant
 was discontinued in July, 1973, when  the  Whitehall/Montague land  dis-
 posal  system became operative; however, only  two effluent samples were
 submitted for analysis during  the 10-month operating period of  the
 plant.  Therefore,  the nutrient loads attributed to  the Whitehall STP
   See  Working  Paper  No.  1.

-------
                                 8
were estimated at 2.5 Ibs P and 7.5 Ibs N/capita/year and were adjusted
for the ten months of operation during the sampling year.
    The Whitehall Leather Company and Hooker Chemical Company continued
discharging to White Lake throughout the sampling year.  Reportedly
(Robinson, Cosens, & Mills, 1967), the Whitehall Leather Company
discharges about three pounds of total phosphorus and 193 pounds of
inorganic nitrogen daily, while the Hooker Chemical Company discharges
about one pound of total phosphorus per day and essentially no inorganic
nitrogen.  These values were used to estimate the annual loads from
these sources.
    A.  Waste Sources:
        1.  Known municipal  -
        Name
   Pop.
   Served
Treatment
        Whitehall      3,017*    land disp.
        2.  Known industrial*** -
        Name
Product
        Hooker      chems.
         Chem. Co.
        Whitehall   leather
         Leather Co.
Treatment
    ?
    ?
Mean       Receiving
Flow (mgd) Water
  0.431**  None
Mean       Receiving
Flow (mgd) Water
                            9.200
                            1.190
           White Lake
           White Lake
* 1970 Census.
** Based on limited flow data provided by operator.
*** Robinson, Cosens, & Mills, 1967.
t Wetzel, 1973.

-------
    B.  Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Sampling Year:
        1.  Inputs -
                                              Ibs P/         % of
            Source                            yj;	         total
            a.  Tributaries (non-point load) -
                White River                   36,520          80.5
            b.  Minor tributaries & immediate
                 drainage (non-point load) -     480           1.1
            c.  Known municipal STP's -
                Whitehall (10 mos.)            6,290          13.9
            d.  Septic tanks* -                  230           0.5
            e.  Known industrial -
                Hooker Chemical Company          360           0.8
                Whitehall Leather Company      1,100           2.4
            f.  Direct precipitation** -         400           0.8
                         Total                45,380         100.0
        2.  Outputs -
            Lake outlet - White River         35,230
        3.  Net annual P accumulation - 10,150 pounds
* Estimate based on 375 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.

-------
                                 10
    C.  Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Sampling Year:
        1.  Inputs -
                                              Ibs N/         % of
            Source                            y_r	         total
            a.  Tributaries (non-point load) -
                White River                   851,020         83.7
            b.  Minor tributaries & immediate
                 drainage (non-point load) -   35,390          6.4
            c.  Known municipal STP's -
                Whitehall (lOmos.)            18,860          1.5
            d.  Septic tanks* -                 8,810          0.7
            e.  Known industrial -
                Hooker Chemical Company
                Whitehall Leather Company      70,440          5.7
            f.  Direct precipitation** -       24,770          2.0
                         Total              1,009,290        100.0
        2.  Outputs -
            Lake outlet - White River         802,730
        3.  Net annual N accumulation - 206,560 pounds
* Estimate based on 375 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 1
** See Working Paper No. 1.

-------
                             11
D.  Mean Annual  Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
                                                  2              2
    Tributary                             Ibs P/mi /yr   Ibs N/mi  /yr
    White River                                76            1,769
E.  Yearly Loading Rates:
        In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
    rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (in press).
    Essentially, his "dangerous" rate is the rate at which the
    receiving waters would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic;
    his "permissible" rate is that which would result in the
    receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligo-
    trophic if morphometry permitted.  A mesotrophic rate would
    be considered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
        Note that Vollenweider's model  may not be applicable to
    water bodies with very short hydraulic retention times.
                               Total  Phosphorus       Total  Nitrogen
Units
Ibs/acre/yr
grams/mVyr
Total
17.7
1.98
Accumulated
3.9
0.44
Total
392.6
44.0
Accumulated
80.3
9.0
    Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
     (g/m2/yr)  based on mean depth and mean
     hydraulic  retention time of White Lake:
        "Dangerous"  (eutrophic rate)        1.28
        "Permissible"  (oligotrophic rate)   0.64

-------
                                 12
V.  LITERATURE REVIEWED

    Bastian, Robert K., 1974.  Personal communication  (Muskegon  County
        wastewater management systems).  EPA Proj.  Support Off.,  Muskegon.

    Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971.   Problem  lakes of
        the United States.  EPA Water Poll. Contr.  Res.  Ser.,  Proj.
        16010 EHR.

    Robinson, John, John Cosens, and Blanchard Mills;  1967. White Lake
        nutrient survey, Muskegon County.  MI Dept. Nat. Resources,
        Lansing.

    Vollenweider, Richard A. (in press).  Input-output models.  Schweiz.
        Z. Hydro!.

    Wetzel, Michael, 1973.  Treatment plant questionnaire (Whitehall
        STP).  MI Dept. Nat. Resources, Lansing.

-------
                                 13





VI.  APPENDICES
                            APPENDIX A
                           LAKE RANKINGS

-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE  LAKE NAME

26AO  HOLLOWAY RESERVOIR

26A1  CARD RESERVOIR

26A2  BOAROMAN HYDRO PONO

2603  ALLE6AN LAKE

2606  BARTON LAKE

2609  BELLEVILLE LAKE

2610  BETSIE LAKE

2613  BRIGHTON LAKE

2617  LAKE CHARLEVOU

2618  LAKE CHEHUNG

2621  CONSTANT INE RESERVOIR

2629  FORO LAKE

2631  FREMONT LAKE

2640  JORDAN LAKE

2643  KENT LAKE

26<>8  LAKE MACATAWA

2649  MANISTEE LAKE

2659  MUSKEGON LAKE

2665  PENTWATER LAKE

2671  RANDALL LAKE

2672  ROGERS POND

2673  ROSS RESERVOIR

2674  SANFORD LAKE

26B3  THORNAPPLE LAKE

2685  UNION LAKE

26BS  WHITE LAKE

2691  MONA LAKE

2692  LONG LAKE
	 — 	 FALL VALUES 	
MEAN MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P DISS P INORG N
0.062
0.117
0.006
0.123
0.121
0.118
6.02S
0.109
0.007
0.044 '
0.027
0.105
0.372
0.180
0.040
0.197
0.01B
0.087
0.027
0.246
0.026
0.034
0.016
0.042
0.083
0.027
0.307
0.163
0.043
0.022
O.OOS
0.057
0.086
0.048
0.008
0.073
0.006
0.014
0.008
0.058
0.342 '
0.144
0.015
0.120
0.010
0.043
0.017
0.183
0.015
0.021
0.008
0.032
0.064
0.019
U.241
0.148
1.461
3.835
0.358
1.168
1.489
1.420
0.273
1.015
0.230
0.132
0.910
, 1.536
1.406
1.998
0.417
2.358
0.304
0.469
0.496
0.618
0.183
0.460
0.307
1.737
1.252
0.367
0.963
0.749
500-
MEAN SEC
439.375
473.000
363.500
470.222
456.167
465.250
461.667
456.000
351.250
404.333
456.167
456.167
441.667
427.667
455.000
477.600
451.333
436.444
430.667
.457.333
435.500
465.333
4SB.750
442.833
455.500
417.778
451.667
418.400
-ALL VALUES--
MEAN
CHLORA
10.67H
11.967
1.267
20.311
27.800
28.262
4.567
44.233
3.008
13.483
39.317
14.733
28.500
20.517
33.944
25.600 -
6.317
9.511
16.083
27.217
8.133
10.383
13.791
14.650
15.667
9.211
27.783
10.067
15-
MIN 00
' 9.200
9.500
6.600
12.600
14.850
8.200
7.400
7.500
9.240
14. BOO
7.500
14.000
14.600
14.900
13.000
12.200
11.380
14.800
14.800
8.020
9.600
B.200
8.300
10.800
8.200
13.400
14.100
13.600

-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE  LAKE NAME

2693  ST LOUIS RESERVOIR

2694  CRYSTAL LAKE

26V5  HIGGINS LAKE

2696  HOUGHTON LAKE

2697  THOMPSON LAKE

2698  PERE MARQUETTE LAKE

2699  STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN
TOTAL P
0.134
0.009
0.007
0.018
0.043
0.032
0.069
rAt-u VAt.ut.3-
MEAN
OISS P
0.093
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.029
0.024
0.050
MEAN
INORG N
1.227
0.164
0.058
0.136
0.436
0.346
0.567
SCO-
MEAN SEC
462.667
380.000
268.500
420.833
407.889
448.667
419.800
MEAN
CHLORA
5.583
2.986
1.043
9.217
11.967
11.833
11.117
15-
MIN DO
8.420
13.000
9.400
8.200
14.800
8.600
13.600

-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES 
: 24)
: in
5)
7)
: 28)
; 12)
: 29)
33)
: 14)
: 4>
; a)
1 2)
I 22)
1 1)
I 27)
1 19)
I 18)
1 15).
! 30)
I 20)
( 26).
( 3)
I 9)
( 23)
( 13)
( 16)
500-
MEAN SEC
57
3
91
6
29
11
17
34
94
86
29
29
54
69
40
0
46
60
66
23
63
9
20
51
37
80
43
77
I 20)
( 1)
( 32)
( 2)
( 9)
( 4)
< 6)
< 12)
( 33)
( 30)
( 9)
( 9)
( 19)
( 24)
( 14)
( 0)
( 16)
( 21)
( 23)
( 8)
( 22)
( 3)
( 7)
( 18)
( 13)
( 2tt>
( 15)
( 27)
— ALL VALUtb
MEAN
CHLORA
60 I
49 <
94 {
29 (
14 (
a (
86 1
0 (
89 1
46 I
3 1
37 1
9 I
26 1
6 1
23 1
80 1
69 1
31 1
20 1
77 1
63 i
43 i
40
34 i
74
17
66
21)
17)
1 33)
10)
5)
4)
30)
: o)
: 3D
: 16)
: i)
; 13)
; 3)
: 9>
[ 2)
! 8)
I 28)
I 241
I 11)
1 7)
I 27)
1 22)
1 15)
( 14)
( 12)
( 26)
( 6)
( 23)
15-
M1N 00
63
54
97
40
3
79
94
90
60
11
90
23
11
0
36
43
46
11
11
86
51
79
71
49
79
31
20
27
( 22)
( 19)
( 34)
( 14)
( 1)
<" 26)
( 33)
( 31)
( 21)
( 2)
( 31)
( a>
( 2)
I 0)
( 12)
( 15)
( 16)
( 2)
( 2)
( 30)
( 18)
( 26)
( 25)
( 17)
( 26)
( ID
( 7)
< 9)
1NUEX
NO
286
189
545
157
103
184
431
212
508
357
316
163
97
123
271
92
403
271
291
184
417
325
374
249
242
377
123
2J9

-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE  LAKE NAME

2693  ST LOUIS RESERVOIR

2694  CRYSTAL LAKE

2695  HIGGINS LAKE

2696  HOUGHTON LAKE

2697  THOMPSON LAKE

2698  PERE MARQUETTE LAKE

2699  STRAWBERRY LAKE
MEAN MEAN
TOTAL P DISS P
17
89
94
83
51
63
43
( 6)
(31)
( 33)
( 29)
( 18)
( 22)
( 15)
17
89
94
86
49
51
34
( 6)
( 31)
( 33)
( 30)
( 17)
( 18)
( 12)
MEAN
INORG N
29
89
97
91
60
71
49
( 10)
( 31)
( 34)
( 32)
( 21)
( 25)
( 17)
bOO-
MEAN SEC
14
89
97
71
83
49
74
( 5)
( 31)
( 34)
( 25)
( 29)
( 17)
1 26)
MEAN 15-
CHLORA MIN DO
83
91
97
71
51
54
57
( 29)
( 32)
( 34)
( 25)
( 18)
( 19)
( 20)
69
36
57
79
11
66
27
( 24)
< 12)
( 20)
( 26)
( 2)
( 23)
( 9)
INDEX
NO
2*9
483
536
481
305
354
2d4

-------
     APPENDIX B
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA

-------
                                   TRIBUTARY FLO* INFORMATION FOR MICHIGAN
LAKE CODE 26S8
                   wiire LAKE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKEISU Ml)   509.00


                             FEb     MAR
          SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIbUTARY  AREAtSQ MI)
                          J«N
                                                          MAf
NORMALIZED FLOWS(CFS)
  JUN     ML     AUG
                                                                                           2/3/75
                                                                                          SEP
OCT
                                                                                                           NOV
                DEC
                       MEAN
2688A1
2688A2
268B2Z
509.00
481.00
28.00
502.41 502.41 712.25 879.72
<»72.00 472. C-0 669. uO 827.00
26.00 26.00 37.00 45.00
623.46
565.00
33.00
449.
<*23.
23.
95
00
00
3.54.
3b3.
18.
10
00
00
359.15 412.62
338.00 387.00
18.00 22.00
430.78
405.00
22.00
533.68
502.00
27.00
blO.48
531.00
29.00
522.24
495.09
27.15
SUMMARY


TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE =
SUM OF SOB-DRAINAGE AREAS =
509.
509.
00
00






TOTAL FLOW IN =
TOTAL FLO* OUT =
6270
6271
.00
.00




     MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS (Cf-S)
TRIBUTARY
2688A1
2688A2
2688ZZ
            MONTH
                    YEAR
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
72
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
72
72
7?
n
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
M FLOW
478.00
<«97.00
500.00
859.00
623.00
872.00
760.00
823.00
582.00
377.00
343.00
322.00
453.00
471.00
474.00
H14.00
591.00
827.00
720.00
780.00
551.00
357.00
325.00
305.00
25.00
26.00
26. uO
<*5.CO
32.00
45.00
40.00
31 .uO
20.00
1 H . 0 0
17.00
DAY
29

3
7
4
4
4
10
5
10
25
27
29

3
7
4
4
4
10
5
10
25
27











I-LOW DAY
728.00

45U.OO
697.00
807.00
1070.00
839.00 26
1180.00
74V.OO 24
364.00 22
338.00
334.00
690.00

434. OJ
660.00
765.00
1020.00
79S.JO 26
1120.00
?10. 00 24
3t5.00 22
320.00
316.00











FLOW






838.00

442.00
334.00








794.00

419.00
310.00













                                                                                       FLOW

-------
        APPENDIX C
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL UATt 75/08/04
                                                                  2bd801
                                                                 43 24 00.U 086 21 30.0
                                                                 wHITt LAKE
                                                                 26      MICHIGAN
  DATE   TIME DEPTH
  FROM    OF
   TO    DAY  FEET
72/06/13

72/09/18
72/11/14
16 35 0000
16 35 0015
15 05 0000
15 05 0004
15 05 0015
   10 0000
   10 0004
   10 0015
            10 0021
 00010
WATER
 TEMP
 CENT

   19.4
   18.3

   21.2
   19.b

    6.9
    6.9
    6.9
00300
 DO

MG/L

  10.7
  10.4
   7.2

  1
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/U4
                                                                   268802
                                                                  43 22 30.0 085 25 00.0
                                                                  •vHITE LAKE
                                                                  26      MICHIGAN
DATE
FROM
TO
72/06/13


72/09/18







72/11/14





OC010
TIME DEPTH UATtR
OF TtMP
DAY FEET
17
17
17
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
10
10
10
10
10
10
00
00
00
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
20
20
20
20
?0
20
0000
0015
0030
0000
0004
0015
0020
0026
0033
U040
0047
0000
0004
0015
0025
0040
0054
CENT
18
17
12

19
19
19
18
17
16
16

7
7
7
7
6

.3
.6
.3

.3
.1
.0
.9
.3
.5
.4

.0
.0
.0
.0
.9
.00300
DO
MG/L
9'
9
6

9
8
7
1
2
2
1

10
lu
lo
10
10

.6
.7
.3

.4
.0
.6
.<+
.2
.8
.6

.^
.4
.3
.3
.4
UEPALtS

.00300
DO

MG/L
9'. 6
9.7
6.3

9.4
8.0
7.6
7.<+
2.2
2.8
1.6

10. ^
10.4
10.3
10.3
10.4

U0077 '00094
TriANSH CNDUCTVY
SECCHI flELL)
INCHES MICtWMHG
80 470
420
4tO
72 400
400
<»10
42u
400
<»3u
<»00
42b
108 470
470
47u
470
480
480
6
00400
PH

su
tt.55
8.55
8. Id
B.9j
8.90
8.70
8.65
8.6u
7.9b
8.00
7.90
7.90
7.9u
7.90
7.90
7.90
7.9u

00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
146
146
140
128
128
128
127
125
126
126
126
133
135
135
136
138
. 138
2111202
0040
00630
N02e>NU3
N-TUTAL
MG/L
0.070
0.050
0.120
0.020
0.020
0.030
0.030
0.040
0.070
0.070
0.070
0.140
0.140
0.140
0.140
0.140
0.140
FEET DEPTH
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.090
0.080
0.220
0.040
0.030
0.050
0.070
0.100
0.410
0.370
0.430
0.230
0.230
0.220
0.220
0.230
0.230
00665
PHOS-TOT

MG/L P
0.023
0.0.17
0.020
0.021
0.019
0.021
0.020
0.022
0.064
0.057
0.097
0.026
0.027
0.028
0.028
0.026
0.028
00666
PHOS-DIS

MG/L P
0.015
0.010
0.016
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.014
0.051
0,047
0.061
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.020
0.018
  DATE   TIME DEPTH
  FROM    OF
   TO    DAY  FEET

72/06/13 17 00 0000
72/09/18 15 45 0000
72/11/14 10 20 uOOO
                        A
                      Ub/L
                         18. 9j
                         16. JJ
                          1.2J
      J  V/JL'JE  KN'On'N TO

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
                                                                  268603
                                                                 43 23 00.0 086 22 00.0
                                                                 WHITE LAKE
                                                                 26      MICHIGAN
  DATE
  FROM
   TO

72/06/13

72/09/18
72/11/14
     TIME DEPTH
      OF
     DAY  FEET
     17 40
     17 40
      0000
      0015
15 25 0000
15 25 0004
15 25 0015
15 25 0020
15 25 0027
15 25 0034
10 50
10 50
         10
         10
           0000
           0004
        50 0015
        50 0020
 00010
WATER
 TEMP
 CENT

   19.4
   16.8

   19.9
   19.1
   18.9
   18.2
   17.4

    7.1
    7.1
    7.1
                      32217
  DATE   TIME DEPTH CHLRPHYL
  FROM    OF           A
   TO    DAY  FEET    UG/L

72/06/13 17 40 0000     14.8J
72/09/18 15 25 0000      7.2J
72/11/14 10 50 0000      1.2J
00300
DO

MG/L
10.5
8.9

9.3
7.5
7.3
3.9
3.7

10.4
10.4
10.4
00077
TRANSP
SECCHI
INCHES
72

72





108



00094
CNDUCT\/Y
FIELD
MICWOMHO
440
460
415
405
flu
430
420
420
460
460
460
460
11EPALES
b
00
-------
       APPENDIX D
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
  TREATMENT PLANT DATA

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
                                                                  2688A1           LS2688A1
                                                                 43 22 30.0 08fa 25 30.0
                                                                 WHITE RIVER
                                                                 26      15 MONTAGUE
                                                                 O/WHITE  RIVER
                                                                 SAMPLE OUTLT CHANL N EDGE OF rfABANINGO
                                                                 ilEPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET  DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/04/04
73/04/26
73/05/10
73/06/05
73/06/24
73/07/10
73/07/22
73/08/25
73/09/27
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET

10
15
10
18
07
09
18
13
14
07
10
18

45
30
45
10
45
15
20
10
30
00
00
30
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.130
.270
.310
.330
.231
.105
.147
.056
.023
.040
.017
.084
.105
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
.500
.850
.960
.330
.540
.540
.540
.480
.460
.800
.050
.580
.640
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
.176
.075
.086
.072
.126
.014
.017
.039
.028
.066
.009
.011
.080
00671 00665
PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
' 0.
—0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
P
016
Oil
Oil
016
005K
005K
005K
006
010
012
012
009
009
MG/L P
0.035
0.024
0.025
0.030
0.030
0.020
0.035
0.030
0.030
0.050
0.060
0.035
0.040
       K  VALUE KNOWN TO  BE
       LESS  THAN  INDICATED

-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
                                                                  268bA2          LS2688A2
                                                                 43 25 30.0 086 19 30.0
                                                                 WHITE KIVEK
                                                                 26      15 MONTAGUE
                                                                 I/WhITE LAKE
                                                                 brtDG ON US31 NE WHITEHALL
                                                                 HEPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET
DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/04
73/04/26
73/05/10
73/06/05
73/06/24
73/07/10
73/07/22
73/08/25
73/09/27
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
11
10
15
10
09
17
06
08
19
11
12
07
10
17
05
00
00
15
40
30
00
45
25
50
00
30
15
30
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.068
.280
.260
.320
.399
.063
.025
.022
.080
.010K
.168
.093
.168
.105
• MG/L
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
.600
.910
.630
.310
.500
.420
.880
.700
.600
.500
.340
.980
.390
.340
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOb-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
' 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
160
078
027
024
052
U46
048
044
042
036
034
198
032
089
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
012
Oil
010
010
014
010
Oil
012
027
032
018
016
022
016
MG/L P
0.029
0.018
0.022
0.030
0.035
0.025
0.025
0.035
0.060
0.077
0.050
0.030
0.045
0.040
  K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
  LESS THAN INDICATED

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
                                                                  2668A3          LS2688A3
                                                                 43 28 00.0 086 14 00.0
                                                                 WHITE KIVEK
                                                                 26      Ib TWIN LAKE
                                                                 T/vuHiTE LAKE
                                                                 CO RD BRDG 1 MI NX BIG BLUELAKE
                                                                 HEPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET  DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/04
73/04/26
73/05/10
73/06/05
73/06/24
73/07/10
73/07/22
73/08/25
73/09/27
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02S.N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
10
09
14
09
09
17
08
08
18
12
12
07
10
17
30
35
30
45
15
25
45
00
55
10
35
45
30
10
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.117
.280
.300
.340
.490
.176
.098
.100
.176
.240
.189
.120
.220
.110
MG/L
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
1.
0.
0.
600
360
990
440
800
340
600
320
520
520
980
380
460
210
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.105
.026
.056
.063
.138
.036
.025
.058
.032
.046
.084
.050
.026
.038
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
U.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
012
010
Oil
012
020
009
016
018
027
030
015
012
019
010
MG/L P
0.028
0.017
0.021
0.025
0.060
0.020
0.040
0.047
0.065
0.07S
0.050
0.030
0.050
0.025

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
                                                                  2b8881          L52688B1
                                                                 «*3 2b 30.0 Ofcl6 It 00.0
                                                                 CLEVtLANU WEEK
                                                                 26      15 TWIN LAKE
                                                                 T/wHlTE LAKE
                                                                 CO RD BRUG 4 Ml N OF LAKEWOOD
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET  DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
72/10/29
72/12/03
73/01/07
73/02/04
73/03/04
73/04/04
73/04/26
73/05/10
73/06/05
73/06/24
73/07/10
73/07/22
73/08/25
73/09/27
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH (M02&N03 TUT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
10
09
14
09
08
17
08
07
19
12
12
08
10
17
40
30
30
15
45
20
30
30
10
20
50
00
50
00
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
067
020
072
026
035
019
010K
013
013
015
018
034
010K
023
MG/L
1.
2.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
650
000
580
100K
190
100K
240
150
660
5?0
230
770
340
330
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOb-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.12u
.067
.032
.015
.029
.014
.011
.Ola
.017
.022
.02ft
.032
.024
.054
MG/L P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G

0
0
.005K
.005K
.005K
.005K
.006
.005*
.005K
.005K
.005K
.Ou5K
.005K

.006
.OOb
MG/L P
0.007
0.009
0.003
0.005K
O.OlU
0.010
0.005K
0.015
O.Olb
0.01G
0.010
0.005K
O.UlO
0.010
 K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
 LESS THAN  INDICATED

-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/02/04
                      00630
  DATE   TIME DEPTH N026.N03
  FROM    OF        N-TOTAL
   TO    DAY  FEET    MG/L

73/02/12 00 00
CP
-------