U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
WINONA LAKE
KOXIUSKO CQUNIY
INDIANA
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No,
CORVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & SUPPORT LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
•&G.P.O. 699-440
-------
REPORT
ON
WINONA LAKE
KDSCIUSKD COUNTY
INDIANA
EPA REGION V
WORKING PAPER No, 348
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH
AND-THE
INDIANA NATIONAL GUARD
APRIL, 1976
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Indiana Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 4
III. Lake Water Quality Sunmary 5
IV. Nutrient Loadings 9
V. Literature Reviewed 13
VI. Appendices 14
-------
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning {§303(c)>, water
quality criteria/standards review {§303(c)>, clean lakes (§314(a,b)},
and water quality monitoring {§106 and §305(b)} activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
m
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Indiana State Board of
Health for professional involvement, to the Indiana National
Guard for conducting the tributary sampling phase of the Survey,
and to those Indiana wastewater treatment plant operators who
provided effluent samples and flow data.
The staff of the Division of Water Pollution Control, Indiana
State Board of Health, provided invaluable lake documentation and
counsel during the Survey, reviewed the preliminary reports, and
provided critiques most useful in the preparation of this Working
Paper series.
Major General Alfred F. Ahner, Adjutant General of Indiana,
and Project Officers Lt. Colonel Charles B. Roberts (Retired)
and Colonel Robert L. Sharp, who directed the volunteer efforts
of the Indiana National Guardsmen, are also gratefully acknowledged
for their assistance to the Survey.
-------
IV
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF INDIANA
LAKE NAME
Bass
Cataract
Crooked
Dallas
Geist
Hamilton
Hovey
James
James
Long
Marsh
Mississinewa
Maxinkuckee
Monroe
Morse
01 in
Oliver
Pigeon
Sylvan
Tippecanoe
Versailles
Wawassee
Webster
Westler
Whitewater
Winona
Witmer
COUNTY
Starke
Owen, Putnam
Steuben
LaGrange
Hamilton, Marion
Steuben
Posey
Kosciusko
Steuben
Steuben
Steuben
Grant, Miami, Wabash
Marshall
Brown, Monroe
Hamilton
LaGrange
LaGrange
Steuben
Noble
Kosciusko
Ripley
Kosciusko
Kosciusko
LaGrange
Union
Kosciusko
LaGrange
-------
WINONA LAKE
Tributary Sampling Site
X Lake Sampling Site
Map Location
-------
WINONA LAKE
STORE! NO. 1840
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data indicate that Winona Lake is eutrophic. Of
the 27 Indiana lakes sampled in 1973, it ranked sixteenth in
overall trophic quality when compared using a combination of
six parameters*. Twelve of the lakes had less and two had the
same median total phosphorus, 12 had less and one had the same
median dissolved phosphorus, 19 had less median inorganic nitro-
gen, 11 had less mean chlorophyll ,a, and 16 had greater mean
Secchi disc transparency. Depletion of dissolved oxygen with
depth occurred at station 1 in October and at station 2 in
August and October.
Survey limnologists observed emergent macrophytes along the
shoreline near stations 2 and 3, and nuisance algal blooms have
been reported to occur (Ketelle and Uttormark, 1971).
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
The algal assay results indicate that Winona Lake was limited
by phosphorus at the time the sample was taken (05/04/73). The
lake data indicate phosphorus limitation in August as well but
nitrogen limitation in October.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources—No known municipal or industrial waste-
* See Appendix A.
-------
2
water treatment plants impacted Winona Lake during the sampling
year. The Town of Winona Lake formerly discharged treated
wastes to the lake; but as of February, 1972, the wastes were
diverted to the Warsaw treatment plant which discharges down-
stream from the lake outlet (Winters, 1975).
At least four storm sewers discharge urban runoff to the
lake; infrequent and unquantified spills of dairy wastes to one
of the sewers could contribute nutrients to the lake (BonHomme,
1975). Another storm sewer of possible nutrient significance
drains the Kosciusko County fairgrounds; nutrients in livestock
wastes could reach the lake through the sewer, particularly if
rainfall occurs when the County Fair is in progress (BonHomme,
op. cit.).
The present phosphorus loading of 0.80 g/m2/yr is about one-
third greater than that proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider
and Dillon, 1974) as a eutrophic loading (see page 12). Since
the wastes of the Town of Winona Lake have been diverted, and
assuming the storm sewer phosphorus loads prove not to be sig-
nificant, the loading probably has been reduced about as much
as is possible unless other sources prove to be controllable
(see below). The lake should show gradual improvement in tro-
phic condition once a new phosphorus equilibrium is established,
but this may take several years because Winona Lake has a mean
-------
3
hydraulic retention time in excess of 300 days.
2. Non-point sources—The phosphorus contribution of non-
point sources accounted for 99.2% of the load to Winona Lake.
Peterson Ditch contributed 36.3%, Wyland Ditch contributed 46.8%,
and the Keefer-Evans Ditch contributed 10.0%. All three tribu-
taries flow through some populated areas and probably are impacted
by septic tanks to some degree (BonHomme, op. cit.). Further
study is needed to determine the significance and controllability
of these nutrient sources.
The phosphorus export rates of the three tributaries (page 11)
were somewhat higher than the rates of tributaries sampled else-
where is Kosciusko County, e.g., Turkey Creek (11 kg/km2/yr) and
Dillon Creek (12 kg/km2/yr), tributaries of Lake Wawasee*; and
the Tippecanoe River (11 kg/km2/yr) and Grassy Creek (12 kg/km2/yr),
tributaries of Lake Tippecanoe**. The higher rates of the Winona
Lake tributaries may be due to the septic tank impact noted above.
* Working Paper No. 344.
** Working Paper No. 342.
-------
II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS1"
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 2.27 kilometers2.
2. Mean depth: 9.1 meters.
3. Maximum depth: 24.4 meters.
4. Volume: 20.657 x 106 m3.
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 319 days.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
(See Appendix C for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Drainage Mean flow
Name area (km2)* (m3/sec)*
Peterson Ditch 30.0 0.28
Keefer-Evans Ditch 11.1 0.10
Wyland Ditch 36.0 0.34
Minor tributaries &
immediate drainage - 3.7 0.03
Totals 80.8 0.75
2. Outlet -
Eagle Creek 83.1** 0.75**
C. Precipitation***:
1. Year of sampling: 79.7 centimeters.
2. Mean annual: 88.5 centimeters.
t Table of metric conversions—Appendix B.
tt Winters, 1975.
* For limits of accuracy, see Working Paper No. 175, "...Survey Methods,
1973-1976".
** Includes area of lake; outflow adjusted to equal sum of inflows.
*** See Working Paper No. 175.
-------
5
III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Winona Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1973 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from a
number of depths at three stations on the lake (see map, page v).
During each visit, a single depth-integrated (4.6 m or near bottom
to surface) sample was composited from the stations for phytoplankton
identification and enumeration; and during the first visit, a single
18.9-liter depth-integrated sample was composited for algal assays.
Also each time, a depth-integrated sample was collected from each
of the stations for chlorophyll a_ analysis. The maximum depths sampled
were 20.7 meters at station 1, 17.1 meters at station 2, and 3.7 meters
at station 3.
The sampling results are presented in full in Appendix D and are
summarized in the following table.
-------
A. SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL AND
PARAMETER
TEMP (Cl
DISS OXY (MG/L)
CNDCTVY (MCROMO)
PH (STAND UNITS)
TOT ALK (MG/L)
TOT P (MG/L)
ORTHO P (MG/L)
N02»N03 (MG/L)
AMMONIA (MG/L)
KJEL N (MG/L)
INORG N (MG/L)
TOTAL N (MG/L)
CHLRPYL A (UG/L)
SECCHI (METERS)
1ST SAMPLING ( 5/
3 SITES
RANGE MEAN
9.1 - 13.4 12.0
6.4 - 9.8 8.9
470. - 540. 507.
8.a - 8.4 8.3
166. - 203. 197.
0.037 - 0.088 0.041
0.004 - 0.056 0.016
1.200 - 1.570 1.395
0.070 - 0.320 0.130
0.600 - 0.900 0.765
1.400 - 1.670 1.525
2.010 - 2.290 2.159
3.7 - 6.5 4.8
0.9 - 1.8 1.4
4/73)
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR WINONA LAKE
STORET CODE 1840
2ND SAMPLING ( 8/ 4/73)
3 SITES
3RD SAMPLING (10/13/73)
3 SITES
MEDIAN
12.6
9.0
500.
8.3
203.
0.037
0.011
1.390
0.110
0.800
1.530
2.160
4.2
1.4
RANGE
14.0
0.0
411.
7.5
176.
0.020
0.003
0.230
0.050
0.700
0.300
1.050
15.8
- 23.7
8.5
- 462.
8.6
- 212.
- 0.033
- 0.011
- 1.230
- 0.190
- 1.200
- 1.410
- 2.030
- 20.7
MEAN
22.2
6.0
452.
8.3
185.
0.025
0.005
0.467
0.091
0.910
0.558
1.377
18.0
MEDIAN
23.0
6.5
461.
8.4
183.
0.022
0.005
0.445
0.065
0.900
0.500
1.310
17.6
RANGE
10.3
0.0
377.
7.4
160.
0.026
0.007
0.030
0.040
0.600
0.070
0.660
8.4
1.0
- 20.0
8.4
- 415.
8.5
- 225.
- 0.438
- 0.376
- 0.380
- 2.420
- 3.800
- 2.480
- 3.860
- 13.3
1.8
MEAN
16.9
3.6
400.
8.0
181.
0.113
0.083
0.089
O.S51
1.612
0.640
1.702
10.8
1.4
MEDIAN
19.7
2.0
408.
8.2
174.
0.041
0.018
0.045
0.100
1.250
0.140
1.290
10.7
1.5
-------
B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampling
Date
05/04/73
08/04/73
10/13/73
2. Chlorophyll
Sampling
Date
05/04/73
08/04/73
10/13/73
Dominant
Genera
1. Flagellates
2. Melosira sp.
3. Coccoid cells
4. Asterionella sp.
5. Aphanizomenon sp.
Other genera
Total
1. Aphanizomenon sp.
2. Lynqbya S£.
3. Achnanthes sp.
4. Synedra sp.
5. Dactylococcopsis sp.
Other genera
Total
1. Oscillatoria sp.
2. Achnanthes sp.
3. Coccoid cells
4. Dactylococcopsis sp.
5. Lyngbya sp.
Other genera
Total
Station
Number
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Algal Units
per ml
975
326
274
222
171
616
2,584
4,459
4,144
3,108
1,982
766
2,251
16,710
Chlorophyll
(yg/1)
4.2
3.7
6.5
17.6
15.8
20.7
8.4
10.7
13.3
-------
8
Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Filtered, and nutrient spiked -
Ortho P Inorganic N Maximum yield
Spike (mg/1) Cone, (mg/1) Cone, (mg/1) (mg/1-dry wt.)
Control 0.020 1.620 2.3
0.050 P 0.070 1.620 18.5
0.050 P + 1.0 N 0.070 2.620 21.5
1.0 N 0.020 2.620 2.6
2. Discussion -
The control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capri-
cornutum. indicates that the potential primary productivity
of Winona Lake was moderately high at the time the sample
was collected (05/04/73). Also, an eight-fold increase in
yield with the addition of orthophosphorus indicates phos-
phorus limitation at that time. Note that the addition of
only nitrogen resulted in a yield not significantly greater
than that of the control.
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation in August
as well (the mean inorganic nitrogen/orthophosphorus ratio
was 112/1) but nitrogen limitation in October (the mean
N/P ratio was 8/1).
-------
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix E for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the Indiana National
Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the
tributary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the high
runoff months of February and March when two samples were collected.
Sampling was begun in June, 1973, and was completed in May, 1974.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the
year of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by
the Indiana District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for the
tributary sites nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were
determined by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loads for unsampled
"minor tributaries and immediate drainage" ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.) were
estimated using the means of the nutrient loads at stations B-l and
C-l, in kg/km2/year, and multiplying the means by the ZZ area in km2.
The estimated phosphorus load from septic tanks was reduced by 50%
to adjust for a phosphate detergent ban which has been in effect in
Indiana since January, 1972.
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal - None
* See Working Paper No. 175.
-------
10
2. Known industrial -
Kind of Receiving
Name Waste Water
Litchfield Creamery milk storm sewer to Winona Lake
Indiana Briquetting oil storm sewer to Winona Lake
Co.
Gatke Corp. oil storm sewer to Winona Lake
Dal ton Foundry oil storm sewer to Winona Lake
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
kg P/ % of
Source yr total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Peterson Ditch 655 36.3
Keefer-Evans Ditch 180 10.0
Wyland Ditch 845 46.8
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 70 3.9
c. Known municipal STP's - None
d. Septic tanks* - 15 0.8
e. Industrial - Unknown ?
f. Direct precipitation** - 40 2.2
Total 1,805 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Eagle Creek 945
3. Net annual P accumulation - 860 kg.
* Estimate based on 120 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 175.
** See Working Paper No. 175.
-------
11
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
kg N/ % of
Source yj[ total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Peterson Ditch 27,480 30.5
Keefer-Evans Ditch 10,800 12.0
Wyland Ditch . 44,740 49.5
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 3,495 3.9
c. Known municipal STP's - None
d. Septic tanks* - 1,280 1.4
e. Industrial - Unknown ?
f. Direct precipitation** - 2.450 2.7
Total 90,245 100.0
2. Outputs -
Lake outlet - Eagle Creek 69,525
3. Net annual N accumulation - 20,720 kg.
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
Tributary kg P/km2/yr kg N/km2/yr
Peterson Ditch 22 916
Keefer-Evans Ditch 16 973
Wyland Ditch 23 1,243
* Estimate based on 120 lakeshore dwellings; see Working Paper No. 175.
** See Working Paper No. 175.
-------
12
E. Yearly Loads:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loadings
are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider
and Dillon, 1974). Essentially, his "dangerous" loading is
one at which the receiving water would become eutrophic or
remain eutrophic; his "permissible" loading is that which
would result in the receiving water remaining oligotrophic
or becoming oligotrophic if morphometry permitted. A meso-
trophic loading would be considered one between "dangerous"
and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
grams/m2/yr 0.80 0.38 39.8 9.1
Vollenweider phosphorus loadings
(g/m2/yr) based on mean depth and mean
hydraulic retention time of Winona Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic loading) 0.62
"Permissible" (oligotrophic loading) 0.31
-------
13
V. LITERATURE REVIEWED
BonHomme, Harold L., 1976. Personal communication (review of pre-
liminary report). IN Div. of Water Poll. Contr., Indianapolis.
Ketelle, Martha J., and Paul D. Uttormark, 1971. Problem lakes
in the United States. EPA Water Poll. Contr. Res. Ser., Proj.
#16010 EHR, Wash., DC.
Vollenweider, R. A., and P. J. Dillon, 1974. The application of
the phosphorus loading concept to eutrophication research.
Natl. Res. Council of Canada Pub!. No. 13690, Canada Centre
for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario.
Winters, John, 1975. Personal communication (lake morphometry;
diversion of Town of Lake Winona wastes); IN Div of Water
Poll. Contr., Indianapolis.
-------
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE
IBOb
1811
1817
1827
182H
1829
1836
1837
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1H55
1856
1857
LAKE NAME
CATARACT LAKE
GEIST RESERVOIR
JAMES LAKE
MISS1SSINEWA RESERVOIR
MONrVOE RESEkvOI*
MORSE RESERVOIR
WAWASFE LAKE
HE8STER LAKE
WHITEWATER LAKE
WINONA LAKE
WESTLER LAKE
WITHER LAKE
LAKE MAXINKUCKEE
TIPPECANOE LAKE
DALLAS LAKE
OLIN LAKE
OLIVER LAKE
SYLVAN LAKE
HOVEY LAKE
VERSAILLES LAKE
BASS LAKE
CROOKED LAKE
LAKE JAMES
LONG LAKE
PIGEON LAKE
MARSH LAKE
HAMILTON LAKE
MEDIAN
TOTAL P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.058
.074
.024
.107
.025
.084
.012
.025
.084
.035
.035
.035
.020
.019
.029
.012
.009
.170
.002
.139
.040
.019
.016
.204
.058
.093
.033
MEDIAN
INORG N
1.600
1.080
1.030
2.400
0.325
3.325
0.210
0.790
1.62C
1.250
0.860
0.900
0.220
0.195
0.830
1.460
0.920
0.130
1.050
1.090
0.250
0.120
0.190
1.920
1.945
0.270
0.720
500-
MEAN SEC
466
472
434
473
43b
473
364
431
470
444
427
440
400
391
413
403
392
469
489
482
471
410
352
442
442
451
413
.667
.500
.000
.444
.B23
.222
.500
.000
.167
.667
.125
.333
.400
.500
.333
.333
.000
.833
.333
.000
.375
.111
.444
.667
.067
.333
.167
MEAN
CHLOHA
10
45
11
15
6
56
5
11
33
11
10
11
5
6
10
4
3
47
84
25
29
5
4
16
11
J4
17
.744
.950
.533
.778
.947
.167
.000
.500
.0«3
.211
.712
.917
.483
.050
.067
.867
.767
.480
.267
.076
.367
.578
.856
.100
.900
.467
.450
15-
MIN DO
15.
11.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
14.
14.
14.
7.
14.
7.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
000
600
000
000
000
000
600
ooo
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
900
800
800
600
500
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
MEUli
OISS OrfTr
0.01J
0.009
0.00(4
0.029
0.007
0.009
0.003
0.005
0.012
0.011
0.013
0.011
0.003
0.005
0.014
0.003
0.004
0.017
0.024
0.019
0.012
0.005
0.005
0.150
0.015
0.055
0.016
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMSEk OF LAKES *ITH HIGHE* VALUES)
LAKE
CODE
1805
1811
1817
1827
1828
1829
1836
1837
1R39
1840
1841
1842
18<>3
IS'.'.
1845
18<>6
18<>7
18'. 8
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
IBS'.
1855
1856
1857
LAKE NAME
CATARACT LAKE
GEIST RESERVOIH
JAMES LAKE
MISSISSINEWA RESERVOIR
MONROE RESERVOIH
MORSE RESERVOIR
WAWASEE LAKE
WEBSTER LAKE
WHITEWATER LAKE
WINONA LAKE
WESTLER LAKE
WITHER LAKE
LAKE MAXINKUCKEE
TIPPECANOE LAKE
DALLAS LAKE
OLIN LAKE
OLIVER LAKE
SYLVAN LAKE
HOVEY LAKE
VERSAILLES LAK.E
BASS LAKE
CROOKED LAKE
LAKE JAMES
LONG LAKE
PIGEON LAKE
MARSH LAKE
HAMILTON LAKE
MEDIAN
TOTAL P
37 (
27 (
73 (
12 (
67 (
33 (
94 (
67 (
19 (
50 (
50 (
50 (
77 (
85 <
62 (
94 (
100 <
4 <
31 (
8 (
42 (
81 (
88 I
0 (
37 (
15 (
58 (
9)
7)
19)
3)
17)
6)
24)
17)
5)
12)
12)
12)
20)
22)
16)
24)
26)
1)
8)
2)
11)
21)
23)
0)
9)
4)
15)
MEDIAN
iNORli N
15 (
35 (
42 <
4 (
69 (
0 <
85 (
62 (
19 (
27 (
54 (
50 (
81 (
88 (
58 (
23 (
46 (
9f> (
38 (
31 (
77 (
100 (
92 (
12 (
8 (
73 (
65 (
41
9)
11)
1)
18)
0)
22)
16)
5)
7)
14)
13)
21)
231
15)
6)
12)
25)
10)
8)
20)
26)
24)
3)
2)
19)
17)
500-
MEAN SEC
31 <
15 (
58 (
a <
54 (
12 I
96 (
62 (
23 (
38 (
65 (
50 (
85 (
92 (
69 (
81 I
88 1
27 (
0 I
4 (
19 (
77 (
100 (
44 (
44 (
35 (
73 (
d)
4)
15)
2)
14)
3)
25)
16)
6)
10)
17)
13)
22)
24)
18)
21)
23)
7)
0)
1)
5)
20)
26)
ID
11)
9>
19)
MEAN
CHLORA
62 (
12 I
50 (
38 <
n (
4 (
U8 I
54 (
19 (
58 (
65 (
42 (
85 I
77 (
69 (
92 (
100 (
8 (
0 I
27 (
23 (
81 I
96 (
35 (
46 (
IS (
31 (
16)
3)
13)
10)
19)
1)
23)
14)
5)
15)
17)
ID
22)
20)
18)
24)
26)
2)
0)
7)
6)
21)
25)
9)
12)
4)
HI
15-
MIN 00
35
92
35
35
35
35
85
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
73
79
79
96
88
100
35
35
35
35
35
35
( 0)
( 24)
( 0)
( 0)
I 01
( 0)
( 22)
( 0*
( 0)
( 0)
( 0)
( 0)
( 0)
( 0>
( 0)
( 19)
( 20)
( 20)
( 25)
( 23)
( 26)
( 0)
( 0)
( 0)
< 0)
I 0)
( 0)
MEDIAN
DISS ORTHO P
37 I
62 I
65 (
8 (
69 <
58 (
98 (
Hi (
42 I
52 (
37 (
52 (
98 <
85 (
31 (
92 (
88 (
23 (
12 I
15 (
46 (
75 (
75 (
0 (
27 (
4 I
19 (
9)
16)
17)
2)
13)
15)
251
21)
ID
13)
9)
13)
25)
22)
8)
24)
23)
6)
3)
4)
12)
19)
19)
0)
7)
1)
5)
INJEX
NO
217
243
323
105
367
132
b«b
361
157
260
3U6
279
461
462
324
455
501
237
177
173
307
449
486
126
HI
177
281
-------
LAKES RANKED BY INDEX NOS.
RANK LAKE CODE LAKE NAME INDEX NO
1 1836 HAKASEE LAKE 546
2 1847 OLIVER LAKE 501
3 1853 LAKE JAMES 486
4 1844 TIPPECANOE LAKE 462
5 1B43 LAKE MAXINKOCKEE 461
6 1846 OLIN LAKE 455
7 1852 CROOKED LAKE 449
8 1828 MONROE RESERVOIR 367
9 1837 WEBSTER LAKE 361
10 1845 DALLAS LAKE 324
11 1817 JAMES LAKE 323
12 1851 8ASS LAKE 307
13 1841 XESTLER LAKE 306
14 1B57 HAMILTON LAKE 281
15 1842 WITHER LAKE 279
16 1840 WINONA LAKE 260
17 1811 GEIST RESERVOIR 243
18 1848 SVLVAN LAKE 237
19 1805 CATARACT LAKE 217
20 1855 PIGEON LAKE 197
21 1856 MARSH LAKE 177
22 1849 HOVEY LAKE 177
23 1850 VERSAILLES LAKE 173
24 1839 rfHITEnATER LAKE 157
25 1829 MORSE RESERVOIR 132
26 1854 LONG LAKE 126
27 1827 MISSISSINEViA RESERVOIR 105
-------
APPENDIX B
CONVERSION FACTORS
-------
CONVERSION FACTORS
Hectares x 2.471 = acres
Kilometers x 0.6214 = miles
Meters x 3.281 = feet
-4
Cubic meters x 8.107 x 10 = acre/feet
Square kilometers x-0.3861 = square miles
Cubic meters/sec x 35.315 = cubic feet/sec
Centimeters x 0.3937 = inches
Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds
Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 = Ibs/square mile
-------
APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR INDIANA
03/39/76
LAKE CODE 1640
WINONA LAKE
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE(SO KM)
83.1
SUB-DRAINAGE
TRIBUTARY AREAISQ KM)
1840A1
1840B1
1840C1
184001
1840ZZ
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
NORMALIZED FLOWS(CMS)
JUN JUL AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MEAN
83.1
30.0
11.1
36.0
3.6
1.02
0.354
0.127
0.428
0.040
1.20
0.430
0.159
0.515
0.051
1.69
0.617
0.232
0.736
0.076
1.58
0.575
0.212
0.688
0.071
1.03
0.368
0.136
0.442
0.042
0.78
0.283
0.105
0.337
0.034
0.47
0.170
0.062
0.204
0.020
0.17
0.054
0.018
0.068
0.005
0.16
0.054
0.019
0.065
0.006
0.17
0.057
0.019
0.068
0.006
0.41
0.147
0.054
0.176
0.018
0.74
0.275
0.105
0.311
0.034
0.78
0.281
0.104
0.335
0.033
SUMMARY
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE =
SUM OF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS =
83.1
80.8
TOTAL FLOW IN
TOTAL FLOW OUT
9.07
9.43
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CMS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR
1840A1
MEAN FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW
1840B1
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
1.246
0.266
0.110
0.088
0.153
0.241
.076
.982
.472
2.039
.303
.189
0.453
0.096
0.040
0.031
0.057
0.091
0.396
0.736
0.538
0.736
0.481
0.425
9
14
11
15
13
11
5
19
2
2
13
19
9
14
11
15
13
11
5
19
2
2
13
19
2.718
0.198
0.142
0.076
0.144
0.125
0.651
1.246
1.982
1.274
1.416
1.812
0.595
0.074
0.051
0.028
0.054
0.045
0.244
0.453
0.736
0.481
0.538
0.651
15
16
15
16
0.850
1.841
0.340
0.680
-------
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR INDIANA
03/29/76
LAKE CODE 1840
WINONA LAKE
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CMS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR
1840C1
184001
1840ZZ
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
S
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
74
74
74
MEAN FLOW DAY
0.164
0.034
0.014
0.011
0.020
0.031
0.142
0.266
0.193
0.263
0.176
0.159
0.538
0.116
0.048
0.037
0.065
0.102
0.453
0.878
0.623
0.850
0.566
0.510
0.054
0.011
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.010
0.045
0.088
0.062
0.085
0.057
0.051
9
14
11
15
13
11
15
19
2
2
13
19
9
14
11
15
13
11
5
19
2
2
13
19
9
14
11
15
13
11
5
19
2
2
13
19
FLOW DAY
FLOW DAY
FLOW
0.396
0.025
0.017
0.011
0.020
0.017
0.0
0.164
0.258
0.170
0.193
0.238
1.218
0.088
0.059
0.031
0.062
0.054
0.283
0.538
0.850
0.538
0.623
0.765
0.127
0.008
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.028
0.054
0.085
0.057
0.062
0.0
15
16
15
16
15
15
16
0.113
0.249
0.368
0.850
0.0
0.037
0.082
-------
APPENDIX D
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/03/30
184001
41 13 03.0 085 49 39.0 3
WINONA LAKE
13085 INDIANA
051791
DATE
FROM
TO
73/05/04
73/08/04
73/10/13
TIME
OF
DAY
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
09
09
09
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
25
25
25
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
DEPTH
FEET
0000
0006
0015
0022
0035
0045
0055
0066
0000
0005
0015
0000
0005
0015
0025
0035
0050
0068
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.7
10.8
9.2
9.1
23.6
23.1
22.8
19.9
19.8
19.7
17.3
12.2
10.9
10.3
00300
DO
MG/L
9.7
9.4
9.5
9.0
9.1
7.9
6.4
7.6
6.0
8.0
6.4
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
00077 00094
TRANSP CNOUCTVY
SECCHI FIELD
INCHES MICROMHO
54 500
520
500
500
520
490
500
500
461
460
461
70 415
410
411
408
385
377
378
11EPALES 21U202
0070 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00400 00410 00610 00625
PH
SU
8.39
8.30
8.30
8.30
8.40
8.20
8.20
8.20
8.60
8.40
8.20
8.40
8.40
8.20
7.70
7.60
7.50
7.40
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
203
203
202
203
203
202
182
166
182
183
185
176
170
171
185
186
215
225
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.110
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.110
0.240
0.320
0.060
0.050
0.090
0.070
0.050
0.060
0.280
0.700
1.600
2.420
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
0.800
0.600
0.800
0.700
0.700
0.700
0.900
0.900
1.200
1.000
1.000
1.300
0.900
0.600
1.500
1.800
2.700
3.800
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
.440
.480
.360
.340
.390
.470
.390
.200
0.410
0.450
0.500
0.050
0.050
0.060
0.130
0.380
0.040
0.060
00671
PHOS-DIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
0.009
0.009
0.011
0.016
0.011
0.014
0.038
0.056
0.006
0.011
0.006
0.018
0.014
0.018
0.028
0.097
0.227
0.376
00665 32217
DATE TIME DEPTH PHOS-TOT CHLRPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET MG/L P UG/L
73/05/04 14 35
14 35
14 35
14 35
14 35
14 35
14 35
14 35
73/08/04 09 25
09 25
09 25
73/10/13 13 15
13 15
13 15
13 15
13 15
13 15
13 15
0000
0006
0015
0022
0035
0045
0055
0066
0000
0005
0015
0000
0005
0015
0025
0035
0050
0068
0.027
0.038
0.040
0.033
0.037
0.037
0.062
0.088
0.022
0.023
0.023
0.029
0.029
0.036
0.056
0.124
0.305
0.438
4.2
17.6
8.4
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/03/30
184002
41 13 43.0 085 50 00.0 3
XINONA LAKE
18065 INDIANA
051791
HEP ALES
2111202
0060 FEET DEPTH CLASS
DATE
FHOM
TO
73/05/04
73/08/03
73/10/13
DATE
FROM
TO
73/05/04
73/08/03
73/10/13
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
15 00 0000
15 00 0006
15 00 0015
15 00 0025
15 00 0040
15 00 0056
10 00 0000
10 00 0005
10 00 0015
10 00 0025
12 40 0000
12 40 0005
12 40 0015
12 40 0025
12 40 0040
12 40 0051
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
15 00 0000
15 00 0006
15 00 0015
15 00 0025
15 00 0040
15 00 0056
10 00 0000
10 00 0005
10 00 0015
10 00 0025
12 40 0000
12 40 0005
12 40 0015
12 40 0025
12 40 0040
12 40 0051
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
10.6
9.5
23.5
22.7
22.9
14.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
18.6
11.7
10.5
00665
PHOS-TOT
M6/L P
0.028
0.029
0.032
0.032
0.041
0.045
0.020
0.022
0.022
0.020
0.026
0.031
0.029
0.035
0.164
0.378
00300
00
MG/L
9.4
8.5
8.8
8.6
8.6
8.1
6.5
0.0
8.4
8.2
2.0
0.0
0.0
32217
CHLRPHYL
A
UG/L
3.7
15.8
10.7
00077 00094
TRANSP CNDUCTVY
SECCHI FIELD
INCHES MICROMHO
72 540
520
500
500
500
470
461
461
462
411
60 412
412
409
410
383
380
00400
PH
SU
8
a
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
7
7
7
.30
.30
.30
.20
.20
.20
.50
.40
.20
.50
.50
.50
.40
.80
.50
.50
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
203
203
203
203
203
203
183
184
184
212
165
165
163
176
194
225
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.110
0.100
0.110
0.120
0.170
0.180
0.060
0.060
0.090
0.180
0.080
0.040
0.060
0.170
0.990
2.080
00
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
0.800
0.700
0.700
0.800
0.900
0.600
1.100
0.700
0.700
0.800
1.100
1.000
1.000
1.000
2.100
3.300
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
1.420
1.570
1.390
1.480
1.390
1.410
0.440
0.450
0.470
1.230
0.040
0.030
0.040
0.130
0.260
0.040
00671
PHOS-DIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.013
0.021
0.026
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.008
0.015
0.021
0.138
0.336
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/03/30
184003
41 13 36.0 065 50 38.0 3
WINONA LAKE
18085 INDIANA
051791
DATE
FROM
TO
73/05/04
73/08/04
73/10/13
DATE
FROM
TO
73/05/04
73/08/04
73/10/13
TIME
OF
DAY
15 30
15 30
15 30
10 20
10 ?0
10 20
12 25
12 25
12 25
TIME
OF
DAY
15 30
15 30
15 30
10 20
10 20
10 20
12 25
12 25
12 25
DEPTH
FEET
0000
0005
0012
0000
0005
0011
0000
0005
0010
DEPTH
FEET
0000
0005
0012
0000
0005
0011
0000
0005
0010
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
13.4
13.2
13.2
23.7
23.4
22.8
20.0
20.0
20.0
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.038
0.051
0.037
0.032
0.032
0.033
0.042
0.040
0.045
00300 00077 00094
DO TRANSP CNDUCTVY
SECCHI FIELD
MG/L INCHES MICROMHO
9.6
9.8
8.5
5.0
7.8
6.0
32217
CHLRPHYL
A
UG/L
6.5
20.7
13.3
36 520
500
540
446
444
450
40 404
404
408
11EPALES 2111202
0016 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671
PH T ALK NH3-N TOT KJEL N02fcN03 PHOS-OIS
CAC03 TOTAL N N-TOTAL ORTHO
su
8.40
8.40
8.40
8.60
8.40
8.10
8.50
8.40
8.20
MG/L
182
203
180
176
177
180
160
160
160
MG/L
0.080
0.070
0.090
0.060
0.070
0.190
0.050
0.040
0.120
MG/L
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.800
0.900
0.900
1.300
1.200
1.200
MG/L
1.320
1.340
1.320
0.250
0.230
0.240
0.040
0.040
0.040
MG/L P
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.014
0.010
0.007
•
-------
APPENDIX E
TRIBUTARY DATA
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/03/30
1840A1
41 13 30.0 085 50 4b.O 4
EAGLE CREEK
18 7.5 MARSAW
O/WINONA LAKE 051791
BRDG ON PAKERTON RU WNW OF WRSW RADIO TW
11EPALES 2111204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
DATE
FROM
TO
73/06/09
73/07/14
73/08/11
73/09/15
73/10/13
73/11/11
73/12/05
74/01/19
74/02/02
74/02/15
74/03/02
74/03/16
74/04/13
74/05/19
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
14
09
08
08
09
10
09
14
10
12
10
09
08
12
45
15
50
15
00
05
26
00
20
30
00
00
40
40
MG/L
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.040
.270
.012
.031
.400
.115
.336
.090
.760
.760
.760
.850
.700
.400
MG/L
0.610
2.700
2.500
2.500
0.850
O.R50
1.100
0.800
0.800
1.400
1.400
1.800
2.300
1.400
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
024
080
100
088
030
115
124
048
030
0.060
0.
0.
0.
0.
070
050
055
080
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
006
006
005
008
016
012
012
020
025
015
025
0.015
0.
0.
010
010
MG/L P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.030
.025
.035
.035
.050
.045
.030
.035
.050
.045
.055
.045
.010
.040
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/03/30
1840B1
41 12 45.0 085 49 45.0 4
PETERSON DITCH
18 7.5 WARSAW
I/WINONA LAKE 051791
BASS RD dROG AT S END OF LAKE
11EPALES 2111204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
DATE
FROM
TO
73/06/09
73/07/14
73/08/11
73/09/15
73/10/13
73/11/11
73/12/05
74/01/19
74/02/02
74/02/15
74/03/02
74/03/16
74/04/13
74/05/19
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&.N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
15
09
09
08
09
10
09
14
10
12
10
09
08
12
00
25
00
20
10
15
40
10
25
35
05
05
45
45
MG/L
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
.920
.500
.420
.399
.590
.294
.260
.500
.100
.680
.080
.760
.180
.500
MG/L
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
0.
0.
1.
0.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
000
000
600
200
200
450
900
500
800
500
000
700
500
400
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
C.
0.
0.
110
075
370
072
084
016
076
086
050
095
015
045
025
070
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
P
042
009
009
054
016
008
012
028
025
015
015
015
015
020
MG/L P
0.105
0.020
0.030
0.100
0.080
0.025
0.240
0.075
0.060
0.045
0.035
0.060
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 76/03/30
1840C1
41 12 54.0 085 49 13.0 4
KEEFEH-EVANS DITCH
18 7.5 WARSAW
T/WINONA LAKE 051791
WOOD FOOT BRDG AT Crll. BOYSCLUB CAMP
11EPALES 2111204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
DATE
FROM
TO
73/06/09
73/07/14
73/08/11
73/09/15
73/10/13
73/11/11
74/01/19
74/02/02
74/03/15
74/03/02
74/03/16
74/04/13
74/05/19
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF NI-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
15
09
09
08
09
10
14
10
12
10
09
08
13
25
35
10
35
20
25
40
00
40
15
10
50
00
MG/L
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
240
620
660
650
570
690
960
000
200
200
000
520
180
MG/L
1
0
2
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
.980
.900
.500
.570
.950
.475
.400
.850
.200
.300
.650
.600
.200
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
160
035
540
132
086
044
104
060
065
035
050
060
075
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
031
012
015
019
015
008
016
010
010
010
015
010
015
MG/L P
0.125
0.045
0.055
0.070
0.065
0.035
0.085
0.030
0.060
0.030
0.052
0.010
0.045
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/03/30
184001
41 13 15.0 085 49 15.0 4
WVLANO DITCH
18 7.5 WARSAW
I/WlNONA LAKE 051791
PARK AVE 6KDG S END COM OF WINONA LAKE
11EPALES 2111204
0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00
DATE
FROM
TO
73/06/09
73/07/14
73/08/11
73/09/15
73/10/13
73/11/11
73/12/05
74/01/19
74/02/02
74/02/15
74/03/02
74/03/16
74/04/13
74/05/19
00630 00625
TIME DEPTH N02&N03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
15
09
09
08
09
10
09
13
09
12
09
08
08
12
35
46
?0
45
30
30
35
45
45
20
45
50
30
20
MG/L
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
4
3
3
2
2
1
.600
.040
.600
.060
.400
.740
.840
.520
.200
.080
.100
.700
.100
.760
MG/L
2.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
1.
730
750
470
690
880
600
400
300
200
400
200
900
100
850
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-OIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.072
.017
.071
.024
.035
.016
.132
.160
.085
.115
.070
.090
.045
.070
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
043
020
025
019
017
005K
0.016
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
036
032
015
025
030
015
010
MG/L P
0.165
0.045
0.075
0.050
0.045
0.025
0.055
0.160
0.115
0.070
0.085
0.105
0.015
0.095
K VALUE KNOWN TO bE
LESS THAN INDICATED
------- |