U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
                          WORKING PAPER SERIES
                                                REPORT
                                                  ON
                                           LDOKXJT SHOALS LAIC
                                           ALEXANDER, CATAWBA
                                          AND IREDELi COUNTIES
                                             NORTH CAROLINA
                                              EPA REGION IV
                                          WORKING PAPER No, 385
           PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
                          An Associate Laboratory of the
              NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
                                   and
        NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
"&GPO	697-O32

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                                             REPORT
                                              ON
                                       LOOIWT SHOALS LAKE
                                       ALEXANDER, CATAWBA
                                      AND IREDELL COUNTIES
                                         NORTH CAROLINA
                                          EPA REGION IV
                                      WORKING PAPER No, 385
                WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES
                          AND THE
               NORTH CAROLINA NATIONAL GUARD
                        JUNE, 1975
                                                                  804

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                               CONTENTS
                                                          Page
  Foreword                                                 1i
  List of North Carolina  Study  Lakes                        1v
  Lake and Drainage Area  Map                                v
  Sections
  I.   Conclusions                                           1
 II.   Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics                4
III.   Lake Water Quality  Summary                            5
 IV.   Nutrient Loadings                                     9
  V.   Literature Reviewed                                  14
 VI.   Appendices                                           15

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                                11
                         FOREWORD
    The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes  and
reservoirs.

OBJECTIVES

    The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds,

ANALYTIC APPROACH

    The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts  that:

        a.  A generalized representation or model relating
    sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.

        b.  By applying measurements of relevant parameters
    associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
    can be transformed into an operational representation of
    a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.

        c.  With such a transformation, an assessment of the
    potential for eutrophication control can be made.

LAKE ANALYSIS

    In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin  is
documented.  The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b}] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.

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                                iii
    Beyond the single lake analysis,  broader based  correlations
between nutrient concentrations {and  loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality  criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes.  Likewise, multivariate evaluations  for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are  being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies  by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

    The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection  Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the North Carolina Department
of Natural and Economic Resources for professional  involvement
and to the North Carolina National Guard for conducting the
tributary sampling phase of the Survey.

    Lewis R. Martin, Director of the  Division of Environmental
Management; Darwin L. Coburn, Chief of the Water Quality Section;
and Julian R. Taylor, Supervisor of the Monitoring  Program Unit;
provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel  during the
Survey, reviewed the preliminary reports, and provided  critiques
most useful in the preparation of this Working Paper series.

    Major General William M. Buck, formerly Adjutant General of
North Carolina, and Project Officer Colonel Arthur  0. Bouchard,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the North Carolina National
Guardsmen, are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance
to the Survey.

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                                1v
                  NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY

                            STUDY LAKES

                      STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
LAKE NAME

Badln
Blewett Falls
Chatuge
Fontana
Hickory

High Rock
Hiwassee
James
John H. Kerr (Nut Bush Creek)
Junaluska
Lookout Shoals
Mountain Island
Norman

Rhodhiss
Santeetlah
Tillery
Waccamaw
Waterville
Wylie
COUNTY

Montgomery, Stanly
Anson, Richmond
Clay, NC; Towns, GA
Graham, Swain
Alexander, Caldwell,
  Catawba
Davidson, Rowan
Cherokee
Burke, McDowell
Granvilie, Vance, Warren,
  NC; Halifax, Mecklenburg,
  VA
Haywood
Alexander, Catawba, Iredell
Gaston, Mecklenburg
Catawba, Iredell, Lincoln,
  Mecklenburg
Burke, Caldwell
Graham
Montgomery, Stanly
Columbus
Haywood
Gaston, Mecklenburg,  NC;
  York, SC

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 LOOKOUT  SHOALS
          LAKE
    Tributary Sampling Site
X  Lake Sampling Site
    Sewage Treatment Plant
      ? "  1    ?
LOOKOUT
 SHOALS
  LAKE
                  N.C.

             Map Location

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                        LOOKOUT SHOALS LAKE
                          STORE! NO.  3710
I.  CONCLUSIONS
    A.  Trophic Condition:
            Survey data indicate that Lookout Shoals Lake is  eutrophic.
        However, because the lake has a mean hydraulic retention  time  of
        only seven days, it is nearly a free-flowing stream;  and  the term
        "over-enriched" may be a more appropriate description of  the
        condition of the lake.
            Lookout Shoals Lake ranked eighth in overall  trophic  quality
        when the 14 North Carolina lakes sampled in 1973  were compared
        using a combination of six parameters*.   Seven of the lakes  had
        less median total phosphorus, seven had  less and  two  had  the
        same median dissolved phosphorus, eight  had less  median inorganic
        nitrogen, five had less mean  chlorophyll a_, and six had greater
        mean Secchi disc transparency.
            Survey limnologists observed submerged aquatic vegetation
        along the shoreline.  Dissolved oxygen depression and a four-
        to six-fold increase in chlorophyll iju along with significant
        increases in phytoplankton numbers (see  page 7),  occurred in
        July and September.
* See Appendix A.

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B.  Rate-Liming Nutrient:
        The algal assay results indicate that Lookout  Shoals  Lake
    was limited by phosphorus at the time the sample was  collected
    03/30/73).  The lake data substantiate phosphorus  limitation;
    i.e., the mean N/P ratios were 27/1  or greater at  all  stations
    and sampling times.
C.  Nutrient Controllability:
        1.  Point sources—During the sampling year, the  only known
    point source, the Taylorsville wastewater treatment plant,
    contributed 1.8% of the total phosphorus load to Lookout  Shoals
    Lake.
        The present phosphorus loading rate of 18.52 g/m2/yr  is  4.5
    times that proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider  and Dillon,
    1974) as a eutrophic rate (see page 13).  Although Vollenweider's
    model may not be applicable to lakes with short hydraulic reten-
    tion times, the existing trophic condition of the  lake is evidence
    of excessive nutrient loads.
        Since Lookout Shoals Lake is phosphorus limited,  any  reduction
    of phosphorus inputs should result in at least some improvement
    in the trophic condition of the lake.  However, it is likely
    that a significant improvement is dependent on point-source
    phosphorus control upstream in the Catawba River drainage {see
    Working Paper No. 380 "Report on Lake Hickory").

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    An apparent loss of phosphorus occurred during the
sampling year (see page 11).  This would not be expected to
occur and may be indicative of unmeasured point sources
discharging directly to the lake.  Also note that the
apparent loss amounts to less than 0.5% of the total  load
and is within the error range of the loading calculations.
Since the reservoir has a mean hydraulic retention time of
only 7 days, a high retention of phosphorus would not be
expected in any case.
    2.  Non-point sources—The phosphorus contribution of
non-point sources accounted for 98.2% of the total  input to
Lookout Shoals Lake.  The Catawba River contributed 93.1%,
the Lower Little River contributed 3.5%, and the remaining
tributaries contributed 0.7% of the total phosphorus  load,
collectively.  Ungaged tributaries were estimated to  have
contributed a total pf 0.8%.

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II.   LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS1"
     A.  Lake Morphometry  :
         1.   Surface area:   4.14 kilometers2.
         2.   Mean depth:   9.3 meters.
         3.   Maximum depth:   >18.3  meters.
         4.   Volume:  38.5 x 106 m3.
         5.   Mean hydraulic  retention  time:  7 days (based on outlet flow)
     B.  Tributary and Outlet:
         (See Appendix C  for flow data)
         1.   Tributaries  -
                                              Drainage       Mean flow
             Name    '                         area (km2)*    (m3/sec)*
             Catawba River                     3,392.9         53.0
             Elk Shoal Creek (B-l)                 13.7          0.2
             Lower Little River                  259.0          2.6
             Elk Shoal Creek (E-l)                 41.4          0.4
             Minor tributaries &
              immediate drainage -                 44.4          0.7
                          Totals               3,751.4         56.9
         2.   Outlet -
             Catawba River                     3,755.5**       60.5
     C.  Precipitation***:
         1.   Year of sampling:  148.9  centimeters.
         2.   Mean annual:  119.9 centimeters.
 t Table of metric conversions—Appendix  B.
 ft Park, 1974.
 * For limits of accuracy, see Working Paper No.  175,  "...Survey Methods,
   1973-1976".
 ** Includes area of lake.
 *** See Working Paper No. 175.

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III.   LAKE WATER QUALITY  SUMMARY
      Lookout Shoals Lake was  sampled  three  times  during the open-water
  season of 1973 by means of a pontoon-equipped  Huey  helicopter.  Each
  time,  samples for physical and  chemical  parameters  were  collected from
  two stations on the lake and from a  number of  depths  at  each station
  (see map, page v).  During each visit, a single  depth-integrated
  (4.6 m or near bottom to surface)  sample was composited  from the sta-
  tions  for phytoplankton identification and enumeration;  and during  the
  first  visit, a single 18.9-liter depth-integrated sample was composited
  for algal assays.  Also each time, a depth-integrated sample was col-
  lected from each of the stations for chlorophyll a_  analysis.  The
  maximum depths sampled  were  18.3 meters  at station  1  and 3.4 meters at
  station 2.
      The lake sampling results are presented in full  in Appendix D and
  are summarized in the following table.

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                              A.  SUMMARY  OF  PHYSICAL  AND
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS fOW LOOKOUT SHOALS
 STORET CODE 3710
PARAMETER

TEMP 

DISS OXY (MG/LI

CNDCTVY (MCROMO)

PH (STAND UNITS)

TOT ALK (MG/L)

TOT P (MG/L)

ORTHO P (MG/L)

N02+N03 (MG/L)

AMMONIA (MG/L)

KJEL N  (MG/L)

INORG N (MG/L)

TOTAL N (MG/L)

CHLRPYL A (UG/D

SECCHI  (METERS)
1ST SAMPLING ( 3/30/73)
2 SITES
RANGE
11.8
8.6
50.
7.2
10.
0.059
0.011
0.260
0.110
0.300
0.370
0.560
1.5
0.5
- 12.6
9.0
50.
7.7
10.
- 0.072
- 0.019
- 0.270
- 0.140
- 0.6«0
- 0.410
- 0.860
1.7
0.5
MEAN
12.2
8.8
50.
7.5
10.
0.065
0.013
0.267
0.132
0.362
0.400
0.630
1.6
O.S
MEDIAN
12.2
8.8
50.
7.6
10.
X>.065
0.012
0.270
0.140
0.300
0.410
0.570
1.6
0.5
2ND SAMPLING ( T/ 7/73)
2 SITES
RANGE
22.6
1.2
55.
6.3
12.
0.019
0.005
0.160
0.090
0.208
0.260
0.380
2.0
1.0
- 26.9
7.5
60.
7.1
23.
- 0.044
- 0.009
- 0.200
- 0.330
- 0.5*0
- B. 490
- 0.660
3.6
1.5
MEAN
24.0
4.7
57.
6.6
17.
0.025
0.007
0.184
• .169
».3»e
0.352
0.484
2.H
1.3
MEDIAN
23.4
4.8
55.
6.5
18.
0.023
0.006
0.180
0.160
• .250
0.350
0.440
2.8
1.3
3RD SAMPLING 1 9/24/73)
2 SITES
RANGE
23.2
3.4
46.
6.4
15.
0.018
».0»6
0.120
0.1M
0.400
0.240
0.520
6.0
0.9
- 25.3
8.2
49.
7.7
19.
- 0.03*
- 0.011
- 4.140
- »,21*
- 1.500
- 0.330
- 1.640
- 10.4
l.S
ME AM
23.8
5.0
48.
6.8
18.
0.024
• .•Oft
0.130
0.155
0.6*3
0.285
0.813
a. 2
1.4
MEDIAN
23.6
4. a
4«.
6.6
18.
0.025
0-»»7
0.130
0.155
0.500
0.280
0.630
8.2
1.4

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B.  Biological characteristics:

    1.  Phytoplankton -
        Sampling
        Date

        03/30/73
        07/07/73
        09/24/73
    2.  Chlorophyll a_ -

        Sampling
        Date

        03/30/73
        07/07/73


        09/24/73
Dominant
Genera

1.  Meloslra
2.  Lyngbya
3.  Pennate diatoms
4.  Mallomonas
5.  Scenedesmus
    Other genera

             Total

1.  Cyclotella
2.  Lyngbya
3.  Flagellates
4.  Chlamydomonas
5.  Klrchneriella
    Other genera

             Total

1.  Raphidiopsis
2.  Chroococcus
3.  Microcystis
4.  Lyngbya
5.  Kirchneriella
    Other genera

             Total
Station
Number

  01
  02

  01
  02

  01
  02
  Algal units
  per ml

       613
       123
        46
        46
        15
        93

       936
                                                          2,440
                                                          6,303
Chlorophyll a_
    1.7
    1.5

    3.6
    2.0

   10.4
    6.0

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0.020
0.070
0.070
0.020
0.492
0.492
1.492
1.492
1.6
8.8
22.3
1.1
                             8
C.  Limiting Nutrient Study:
    1.  Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked -
                          Ortho P         Inorganic N     Maximum yield
        Spike (mg/1)      Cone, (mg/1)    Cone,  (mg/1)    (mq/1-dry wt.)
        Control
         0.050 P
         0.050 P + 1.0
         1.0 N
    2.  Discussion -
            The control yield of the assay alga, Se1enastrum c a p r i -
        cornutum, indicates that the potential  primary productivity
        of Lookout Shoals Lake was moderate at  the time the  sample
        was collected (03/30/73).  Also, the five-fold increase  in
        yield when phosphorus was added indicates that the body  of
        water was limited by phosphorus at that time.  Note  that the
        addition of only nitrogen resulted in a yield not significantly
        different than that of the control.
            The lake data substantiate phosphorus limitation; i.e.,
        the mean N/P ratios were 27/1 or greater at all stations
        and sampling times.

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IV.   NUTRIENT LOADINGS
     (See Appendix E for data)
     For the determination  of nutrient  loadings,  the  North Carolina
 National Guard collected monthly near-surface  grab samples from each
 of the tributary sites  indicated on  the  map  (page v), except  for the
 high runoff months of January and February when  two  samples were col-
 lected.  Sampling was begun  in March,  1973,  and  was  completed in
 February, 1974.
     Through an interagency agreement,  stream flow estimates for the
 year of sampling and a  "normalized"  or average year  were provided by
 the North Carolina District  Office of  the  U.S. Geological Survey for
 the tributary sites nearest  the lake.
     In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were deter-
 mined by using a modification  of a U.S.  Geological Survey computer
 program for calculating stream loadings*.  Nutrient  loads shown are
 those measured minus point-source loads, if  any.
     Nutrient loads for  unsampled "minor  tributaries  and immediate
 drainage" ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.) were estimated  using the means of the
 nutrient loads, in kg/km2/year, at stations  B-l  and  E-l and multiply-
 ing the means by the ZZ area in km2.
 * See Working Paper No.  175.

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                                 10
    A.   Waste Sources:

        1.   Known municipal  -

                       Pop.                   Mean Flow      Receiving
        Name           Served    Treatment    (m3/d)         Water

        Taylorsville*   1,231    trickling       465.9**      Stirewalt Creek

        2.   Known industrial - None
* Anonymous, 1971; population shown is 1970 census.
** Flow estimated at 0.3785 m3/capita/day.

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                                 11
    B.  Annual Total  Phosphorus Loading - Average  Year:
        1.  Inputs -
                                              kg P/           %  of
            Source                            ^r	          total
            a.  Tributaries (non-point load)  -
                Catawba River                 71,355          93.1
                Elk Shoal  Creek (B-l)            245            0.3
                Lower Little River             2,690            3.5
                Elk Shoal  Creek (E-l)            325            0.4
            b.  Minor tributaries & immediate
                 drainage  (non-point load) -     575            0.8
            c.  Known municipal STP's  -
                Taylorsville                   1,395            1.8
            d.  Septic tanks - Unknown
            e.  Known industrial - None
            f.  Direct precipitation*  -       	70_           0.1
                        Total                76,655          100.0
        2.  Outputs -
        Lake outlet - Catawba River           77,025
        3.  Net annual P loss - 370 kg.
* See Working Paper No. 175.

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                                 12
    C.  Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
        1.  Inputs -
                                              kg N/          % of
            Source                            yr	          total
            a.  Tributaries (non-point load) -
                Catawba River               1,155,610         91.8
                Elk Shoal Creek (B-1)           6,105          0.5
                Lower Little River             65,980          5.3
                Elk Shoal Creek (E-l)           8,195          0.6
            b.  Minor tributaries & imediate
                 drainage (non-point load) -   14,275          1.1
            c.  Known municipal STP's -
                Taylorsville                    4,185          0.3
            d.  Septic tanks - Unknown
            e.  Known industrial - None          -        ..      -
            f.  Direct precipitation* -         4.470          0.4
                         Total              1,258,830        100.0
        2.  Outputs -
            Lake outlet - Catawba River     1,242,605
        3.  Net annual N accumulation - 16,225 kg.
    D.  Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
        Tri butary                             kg P/km2/yr    kg N/km2/yr
        Catawba River                              21            341
        Elk Shoal Creek (B-1)                      18            446
        Lower Little River                         10            255
        Elk Shoal Creek (E-l)                       8            198
* See Working Paper No. 175.

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                                 13
    E.  Yearly Loading Rates:
            In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
        rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenwelder (Vollen-
        weider and Dillon, 1974).  Essentially, his "dangerous" rate
        is the rate at which the receiving water would become eutrophic
        or remain eutrophic; his "permissible" rate is that which would
        result in the receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming
        oligotrophic if morphometry permitted.  A mesotrophic rate would
        be considered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
            Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
        water bodies with short hydraulic retention times.
                                   Total Phosphorus       Total Nitrogen
        	TptaT_	Accumulated    Total   Accumulated^
        grams/m2/yr              18.52      loss*       304.1       3.9
        Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
         (g/ro2/yr) based on mean depth and mean
         hydraulic retention time of Lookout Shoals Lake:
            "Dangerous"  (eutrophic rate)       4.10
            "Permissible"  (oligotrophic rate)  2.05
* There was an apparent loss of phosphorus during the sampling year.
  This would not be expected even in a lake with a retention time of
  only seven days.  The loss may be have been due to solubilization
  of previously sedimented phosphorus, unknown and unsampled point
  sources discharging directly to the lake, or may have been within
  the error of the loading estimates since the difference is very
  smal1.

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                                 14
V.  LITERATURE REVIEWED

    Anonymous, 1971.  Inventory of municipal  waste facilities.   EPA
        Publ. OWP-1, vol. 4, Washington, DC.

    Park, Dave, 1974.  Personal communication (lake morphometry).
        NC Dept. of Nat. & Econ. Resources, Raleigh.

    Vollenweider, R. A., and P. J. Dillon, 1974.   The application of
        the phosphorus loading concept to eutrophication  research.
        Natl. Res. Council of Canada Publ. No. 13690, Canada  Centre
        for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario.

    Weiss, Charles M., 1972.  A proposal  to the Water Resources
        Research Institute of the University  of North Carolina.  The
        trophic state of North Carolina lakes, covering the period
        July 1, 1972 to June 30, 1973.   U.  of North  Carolina, Chapel
        Hill.

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VI.   APPENDICES
                                 15
                            APPENDIX  A
                           LAKE RANKINGS

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LAKES RANKED BY INOEA -M




RANK  LAKE CODE  LAKE. NAME
                        INDEX NO
   1  3719




   2  3716




   3  3711




   4  3707




   5  3704




   6  3713




   7  3708




   8  3710




   9  3715




  10  370S




  11  3717




  12  370V




  13  3702



  14  371d




  IS  3701




  16  3706
LAKE rtACCAMAW




SANTEELAH LAKE




MOUNTAIN ISLAND LAKE




HIWASSEE LAKE




FONTANA LAKE.




LAKE NORMAN




LAKE JAMES




LOOKUUT SHOALS




RHODHISS LAKE




LAKE HICKORY




LAKE T1LLEKY




LAKE JUNALUSKA




8LEWETT FALLS LAKE




WATEKVILLE RESERVOIR




8A01N LAKE




HIGH ROCK LAKE
446




419




414




392




346




334




327




296




283




246




220




200




140




124




 76

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LAKE UAfA TO BE UStiJ  iN
LrtKE
COOE  LAKE MAM£

3701  tiAUiN LAKE

3702  HLEwETT FALLS LAKt.

3704  FUNTANA LAKE

3705  LAKE HICKOur

370b  HIGH HOCK LAKt

3707  HlwASSfE LAKE

3708  LAKE JAMES

370^  LAKE JONALUSKA

3710  LOOKOUT SnOALS

3711  MOUNTAIN 1SLANO LAKE

3713  LAKE NO«MAN

3715  rtnOUdlSS LAKE

3716  SANTEF.LAH

3717  LA(\t

371d  WATtKVILLE

      LAKt WACOMAW
rtEUi AN
TOTAL K
0.04?
o.ovo
0.011
0.0*7
0.09C
0.015
0.020
0.031
0.026
O.OlH
0.019
0.001
0.011
0.041;
0.103
O.OH
Mt.01 AN
0.680
0.665
0.550
0.320
O.SMO
0.2*0
0.160
0.560
0.370
0.270
0.330
0.305
O.lbO
0.470
0.860
0.120
MtAN StC
4bt> * 75 0
4 7to. 88*j
392.650
461.000
477.454
420. bb5
428.8^
4&2.000
4b*.167
462.000
44b.b67
4b2.111
3bh.400
468. bOO
4bb.j33
4S5.667
MEAN
CrlLOKA
7.1*0
t.167
3.438
7.275
It. 283
S.678
7.660
7.233
4.200
5,580
S.B07
3.578
b.300
b.827
3.817
3.583
HIM (JO
14.-JOO
10.800
14.900
13.400
14.800
14.200
14.800
It. 200
13.800
12.800
14.800
13.600
14. HOG
13.600
1<*.HOO
9.800
MLlJlAN
OISS OKfrlU P
O.OU
0.1.3'+
O.OO/
0.008
0.01 I
0.007
O.OOb
0.004
0.008
O.OOb
0.005
0.01*
O.OOb
O.ooa
0.041
0.004

-------
PERCENT OF LAKES KITH HlGhtH VALUES  (NUMbEk OF LAKES WITH HIGHEK VALUtS)
LAKE
CODE  LAKE NAME

3701  6ADIN LAKE

37U2  6LEWETT FALLS LAKE

3704  FONTANA LAKE

3705  LAKE HICKORr

370b  HIGH ROCK LAKE

3707  HIWASSFE LAKE

370B  LAKE JAMES

37U9  LAKE JUNALUSKA

3710  LUOKOUT SHOALS

3/11  MOUNTAIN ISLAND LAKE

3713  LAKE NOKMAiM

3715  RMODHIS5 LAKE

3716  SANTEELAH LAl\E

3717  LAKE TILLEKY

3718

3719  LAKE
MEDIAN
TOTAL P
33
7
100
37
13
87
60
47
53
73
h7
20
93
40
0
rtO
< 5)
( 1)
( 15)
( 4)
< ?>
( 13)
( 9)
( 7)
< to
< 11)
( 10)
( 3)
( 14)
< 6)
( 0)
( 121
MEDIAN
INOW(i N
7 <
13 (
J3 (
60 <
20 <
60 (
87 1
21 (
47 (
73 (
b3 I
fc>7 (
93 <
40 (
0 (
100 <
I)
2)
5)
9)
3)
12)
13)
4)
7)
11)
6)
10)
14)
6)
0)
lb!
500-
MEAN SEC
27 (
7 (
V3 (
53 (
0 (
87 (
60 (
43 (
60 (
43 <
73 <
J3 (
100 (
13 <
ao <
67 (
4)
1)
14)
d)
0)
13)
12)
6)
•>)
6)
11)
5)
Ib)
2)
j)
10)
MEAN
CHLO^A
27 (
73 (
100 (
13 (
0 (
47 (
7 (
20 (
67 (
53 (
40 (
93 (
60 <
J3 (
(30 (
87 <
4)
11)
15)
2)
0)
7)
1)
3)
10)
B)
b)
14)
9)
5)
12)
13)
15-
MIN DO
3 (
93 (
3 (
80 <
23 (
50 <
23 (
50 <
60 (
87 (
23 (
70 (
23 <
70 (
40 (
100 (
0)
14)
0)
12)
2)
7)
2)
7)
9)
13)
2)
10)
2)
10)
6)
15)
MEDIAN
OISS OKTHO P
27
7
63
50
20
63
77
33
40
90
90
13
77
50
0
100
( 4)
( 1)
< 9)
< 7)
( 3>
( 9)
( 11)
( 5)
( 6)
( 13)
( 13)
( 2)
< 11)
{ 7)
( 0)
< 15)
INUEX
NO
124
200
392
283
76
414
334
220
327
419
346
296
446
246
140
534

-------
   APPENDIX B
CONVERSIONS FACTORS

-------
                CONVERSION FACTORS





Hectares x 2.471 = acres



Kilometers x 0.6214 = miles



Moters x 3.281 = feet


                         -4
Cubic meters x 8.107 x 10   = acre/feet



Square kilometers x 0.3861 = square miles



Cubic meters/sec x 35.315 = cubic feet/sec



Centimeters x 0.3937 = inches



Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds



Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 = Ibs/square mile

-------
    APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA

-------
                                   TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR NORTH CAROLINA
                                                                                           10/21/75
LAKE CODE 3710
                   LOOKOUT SrlOALS RESERVOIR
     TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKEiSQ Ml)  1450.00


                                  FE8
          SUB-DRAINAGE
TklHUTARY  AREA
-------
LAKE CODE 3710
                TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR NORTH CAROLINA



LOOKOUT SHOALS RESERVOIR
                                                                                          10/21/75
     MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CFS>
TRIBUTARY   MONTH   YEAR



3710B1
371001
3710E1
3710ZZ
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
12
1
z
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
9
10
11
1?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
12
1
2
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
         MEAN FLOW  DAY
                                FLOW  DAY
                                                  FLOW  DAY
                                                                    FLOW
25.00
20.00
19.00
11.00
8.00
7.00
5.00
5.60
4.60
14.00
14.00
13.00
325.00
370.00
260.00
160.00
110.00
130.00
72.00
77.00
78.00
200.00
195.00
175.00
52.00
61.00
41.00
25.00
16.00
20.00
11.00
12.00
12.00
34.00
21.00
19.00
70.00
70.00
55.00
35.00
24.00
25.00
16.00
17.00
15.00
35.00
50.00
40.00
24
15
20
23
2*
19
9
21
16
16
5
9
24
15
20
23
24
19
9
21
IB
11
5
9
24
15
20
23
24
19
9
21
18
16
5
9












15.00
14.00
11.00
12.00
8.00
6.70
4.60
4.00
3.90
7.20
14.00 19
16.00 24
19S.OO
190.00
160.00
165.00
105.00
220.00
70.00
6S.OO
65.00
128.00
195.00 19
225.00 24
30.00
29.00
25.00
19.00
16.00
35.00
11.00
10.00
10,00
10.00
30.00 19
35.00 24






















6.80
1S.OO










100.00
180.00










14.00
28.00













-------
        APPENDIX D
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA

-------
bTWET KtTNltVAl,
                                                                    371UH1
                                                                   35 47 4S.O 081 05 45.0
                                                                   LOOKUUf IjMiMLS
                                                                   37C35   NtWTH CAROLINA
DATE
FSOM
TO
73/OJ/3U




73/07/07




73/09/2**



Ti^e OE^TH »
UK
DAY FEET
15
15
IS
15
15
09
U9
09
1)9
09
11
11
11
11
50
50
50
60
50
30
30
30
30
30
10
10
10
10
0000
0004
0015
0030
0050
0000
0005
0015
0040
U060
uooo
0013
U03t>
0055
TEMP
CtNT
12
12
12
1 1
11
26
?5
24
23
22
25
23
23
33

.6
.3
.U
.9
.3
.9
.7
.4
.7
.6
.3
.9
.6
.2
00
MG/L

a.
8.
8.
8.

7.
5.
4.
1.
8.
4.
4.
J.


7
8
b
9

5
1
7
2
2
ti
0
^
                                 C0300     00077     COO1
                                          TfirtMSH   CNDUC
                                          SECCHl   FltLO
                                          INCHES   MI CHOI

                                               18
                                               60
                                               72
lltPALES

14
VV

IHU
SDK
50K
50K
50K
50K
60
bS
57
55
60
46
47
47
49
J
00400
HH

su
7.30
7.20
7.60
7.60
7.70
7.10
6,ao
6.50
6.50
6.30
7.70
6.90
6.70
6.50

00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
10K
10K
10K
10K
10*
18
17
18
19
23
18
16
15
18
2111202
0055
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
Mu/L
0.120
0.140
0.140
0.140
0.140
0.090
0.090
0.130
0.1SO
0.3JO
0.100
0.140
0.160
0.210
FEET DEPTH
0062S
TUT KJEL
N
MG/L
0.400
0.300
0.400
0.300
0.300
0.400
0.200K
0.200K
0.300
0.500
l.SOO
0.500
0.500
0.500
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.270
0.270
0.270
0.270
0.270
0.170
0.1SO
0.180
0.160
0.160
0.140
0.130
0.130
0.120
00671
PHOS-UIS
UHTrlO
MG/L P
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.012
0.011
0.009
O.OOS
O.OOS
0.009
0.006
0.011
0.007
0.007
0.007
                       00<36b      J?217
  U>\Te   TIME OEPIH HMOS-UT   CHLHPHl-L
  Ff)UM    OF"                      k
   TO    DAY  FEET   MG/L  H      UC./L
                                    1.7
73/03/30




73/0//07




73/09/2^



IS
IS
15
It.
15
09
t'9
09
U9
1)9
11
11
11
1 1
50
'.O
50
50
50
30
30
30
30
30
10
10
10
10
ouou
OOU4
UOlS
0033
0050
OUOJ
OoOb
0(115
UU4U
0060
OUOO
0015
(1035
u'Ca^s
C
ft
•J
ti
ii
0
k
0
it
0
j
u
0
U
.Cb4
.Ot>7
.06H
.Ubb
.07t>
.0?4
.0?4
.oaj
.023
.Uit
.0?b
.020
.01.-)
,u?r
                                   10.4
                             K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
                             LESS THAN INDICATED

-------
RETRIEVAL OATt
                                                           371002
                                                          35 45 30.0  OBI  08  00.0
                                                          LOOKOUT SHOALS
                                                          37035   NORTH CAROLINA
11EPALES


DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/30


73/07/07


73/09/24


DATE
FHOM
TO
73/03/30


73/07/07


73/OS»/24



TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
16 25 0000
16 25 0004
16 25 0011
10 ?5 0000
10 25 0005
10 25 0011
11 45 0000
11 45 0004

TIME DEPTH
OF
OAT FEET
16 25 0000
Ib 25 0004
16 25 0011
10 25 0000
10 25 OOOb
10 25 0011
11 45 0000
11 45 0004

00010
riATEk
TEMP
CENT
12.2
12.3
12.2
23.2
22. ti
22.7
23. to
23.5
00665
PH05-TOT

HG/L P
0.0 bb
0.062
0.061
C.024
0.019
0.02G
0.030
0.0?5

003UO
DO

MG/L

9.
8.

4.
4.
4.
5.
32217






0
9

ti
8
8
0


00077 00094
THANSP ClMDUCTtfY
SECCH1 FIELD
INCHES M1CSOMHO
18 50K
SO*
SOtv.
4u 55
55
55
37 48
49

3
00400
PH

SU
7.60
7.60
7.60
6.70
6.50
6.50
6.60
6.40


00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
10K
10K
10K
20
12
12
19
19

2111202
0015
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.140
0.110
0.130
0.210
0.180
0.170
0.170
0.150

fEET DEPTH
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
0.300
0.300
0.600
0.400
0.200K
0.200
0.700
0.400

00630
N02tN03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.270
0.260
0.260
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.140
0.120

00671
PMOS-OIS
OHTHO
MG/L P
0.019
0.012
0.013
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.006

ChLHPHVL
A
UG/L
1.


2.


6.



b


0


0







































































                  K VALUE KNOMN TO BE
                  LESS THAN INDICATED

-------
  APPENDIX E
TRIBUTARY DATA

-------
RETRIEVAL. DATE fb/lu/20
                                                            371UA1           L:>3Y10A1
                                                           35 45 30.0 Odl 05 30.0
                                                           CATAWdA  rilVh'R
                                                           37087   MAP IKEUELL CO
                                                           0/LOOKUUT  SHOALS KESvK
                                                           UNAMEU rtU  tWOu btLU LUOKOUI SHOALS DAM
                                                           11EHALES             2111204
                                                           4                   0000 FtET  DEPTH
DATE
FkOM
TO
73/03/24
73/04/15
73/05/20
73/06/23
73/07/24
73/08/19
73/10/21
73/li/lH
73/12/16
74/01/Ob
7^/01/1^
7^/02/04
7^/02/2^
OC63U J06P5
TIME DEPTH (^02f.N03 TOT KJEL
OF "j- TOTAL N
DAY FEEI
10
12
11
09
I4*
09
1C
I-*
10
10
0^
U9
09
15
00
S5
20
^0
<«5
05
35
?0
00
15
?0
00
Mb/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
u
0
0
0
c
0
.220
.2tl
.161
. !:><•
.150
.1^0
.132
.140
.Ufa
.168
.300
.252
.2*0
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
?70
350
230
SOO
480
970
tso
350
300
900
400
200
400
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOb-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
c.
c.
0.
0.
070
066
063
132
140
231
072
040
066
076
oae
075
Ob5
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
021
017
012
OOSK
005K
005K
014
012
012
008
020
022
015
MG/L P
0.050
0.045
0.045
0.02C
0.025
0.033
0.01S
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.070
0.06b
0.055
                K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
                LESS THAN  INDICATED

-------
STOrtEf RETRIEVAL DATE 75/10/20
                                                                   3710A2           LS3710A2
                                                                  35  49  30.0  OBI  11 30.0
                                                                  CATAwtiA  KIVER
                                                                  37       MAP CATAWBA CU
                                                                  I/LOOKOUT SHOALS RESVK
                                                                  HidY  16 BHDG JUST BELU LAKE HICKCW UAM
                                                                  HEVALES             2111204
                                                                  
300
BOO
400
300
300
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0
0
0
c
0
0
c
0
0
0
0
0
0
.087
.063
.084
.230
.273
.150
.154
.080
.109
.232
.088
.085
.065
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
0.
0.
0.
0*
0.
0.
0.
p
022
022
013
OObK
005K
005K
013
012
016
012
024
025
020
MG/L P
0.065
0.045
0.040
0.020
0.020
0.025

0.032
0.035
0.040
0.065
0.065
0.055
                   K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
                   LESS THAN INDICATED

-------
STOKET HETtflEVAL DAFti
                                                                   371UH1           LS3710H1
                                                                  Jb  47  30.0  J81  Od 30.0
                                                                  ELK  SHOALS  CRttK  (CATAWBA  CO)
                                                                  37       MAP CATAWBA CO
                                                                  T/LOOKOUT briOALS  KtSVH
                                                                  BHDO ON  UNAMEO  RL) 3 MI  E OF'HWY
                                                                  UEPALES             2111204
                                                                  4                    0000 FEET
DATE
FHOM
TO
73/03/24
73/04/15
73/05/20
73/06/23
73/07/2".
73/Ori/ 14
73/IU/21
73/11/18
73/12/16
7*+/U 1/05
74/01/14
74/U2/U*
74/02/24
00630 0062S
TIME DEPTrl NOV*1N03 TOT KJEL
OF M- TOTAL N
U*O
10
12
12
09
20
10
10
14
10
11
OS)
u9
09
r FEET
*5
?0
15
3S
05
10
?5
55
35
00
35
45
30
M(j/L ^G/L
0
0
0
0
(j
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
il
.250
.160
.105
.260
.2S*0
.240
.lla
.052
.2<+0
.600
.300
* 2** J
.290
0.
0.
u*
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
0.
u.
0.
u.
180
580
320
270
4?0
600
900
100K
100
700
fOO
100K
600
1)0610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL ORTHO
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
u.
c.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
n.
0.
0.
013
020
018
050
066
072
042
016
052
276
044
020
060
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
p
Olb
026
008
00
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 7S/1U/20
                                                                  3710D1           LS371001
                                                                 35  51  00.0  OHl  11  00.0
                                                                 LOWER  MIDDLE  HIVER
                                                                 JJ       MAP ALEXANDER CO
                                                                 T/LOOKOUT SHOALS  KESVK
                                                                 drtUG ON  UNNAMED CO RD IN MILLEKSV1LLE
                                                                 11EPALES            2111204
                                                                 4                   0000 FEET   DEPTH
DATE
FRDM
TO
73/03/24
73/04/15
73/05/20
73/06/23
73/07/2<*
73/OH/19
73/10/21
73/ll/ia
73/12/11
74/01/05
74/01/H
74/02/09
74/02/24
OOb3(J 0062S
IIME DEPTH IM026.N03 TOT KJEL
OF H-TOTAL N
DAY F££T
10
11
11
09
20
09
09
15
13
14
U9
13
10
00
30
30
30
30
10
30
00
30
00
30
30
00
MG/L
0
u
0
u
0
u
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.294
.250
.250
.273
.2^4
.2YA
.231
.1S>2
.312
.<4lU
.3E.2
.2ea
.2S*0
MG/L
0.
0.
2.
0.
0.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
330
250
100
J70
340
200
500
2SO
400
100
100K
700
300
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PHOS-OIS PHOS-TOT
TOTAL OKTHO
MG/L
0.
U.
0.
0.
0.
0.
u.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
075
088
090
066
064
425
054
04Q
056
044
056
450
005
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0*
0.
0.
0.
P
010
015
019
014
015
023
048
032
028
005K
020
020
020
MG/L P
0.030
0.035
0.050
0.045
0.055


0.070
0.055
0.015
0.050
0.060
0.070
                      K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
                      LESS THAN INDICATED

-------
STOKET KtTKIEVAL DATE 75/10/2U
                                                                  3710E1          LS371CE1
                                                                 35 48 JO.O 081  06 00.0
                                                                 ELK bHOALS CKEiK (ALEXANDER CO)
                                                                 37      MAP ALEXANDER CO
                                                                 T/LOOKOUT SHOALS HESVK
                                                                 brtDG ON HO 1.9  NW IKEOELL-ALEXANDEk CO L
                                                                 11EPALES             2111204
                                                                 ^                   0000 FEtT  DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/24
73/04/15
73/05/20
73/06/23
73/u7/24
73/Orf/19
73/10/21
73/11/ld
73/12/16
7^/01/05
74/01/14
7^/02/0^
7
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