U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
WATEK/ILLE LAKE
HAYWOOD COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
EPA REGION IV
WORKING PAPER No, 392
PACIFIC NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
An Associate Laboratory of the
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
•&GPO 697-032
-------
REPORT
ON
WTEfA/ILJLE LAIC
HAYWQQD COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
EPA REGION IV
WORKING PAPER No, 392
WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RESOURCES
AND THE
NORTH CAROLINA NATIONAL GUARD
JUNE, 1975
736
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword 11
List of North Carolina Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Conclusions 1
II. Lake and Drainage Basin Characteristics 5
III. Lake Water Quality Summary 6
IV. Nutrient Loadings 10
V. Literature Reviewed 15
VI. Appendices 16
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ii
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to fresh water lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concentrations,
and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating
comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management
practices relating to point-source discharge reduction and non-point
source pollution abatement in lake watersheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized model
can be transformed into an operational representation of
a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and water-
shed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is
documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental
agencies with specific information for basin planning [§303(e)], water
quality criteria/standards review [§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)],
and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated
by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
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IV
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
LAKE NAME
Bad in
Blewett Falls
Chatuge
Fontana
Hickory
High Rock
Hiwassee
James
John H. Kerr (Nut Bush Creek)
Junaluska
Lookout Shoals
Mountain Island
Norman
Rhodhiss
Santeetlah
Tillery
Waccamaw
Waterville
Wylie
COUNTY
Montgomery, Stanly
Anson, Richmond
Clay, NC; Towns, GA
Graham, Swain
Alexander, Caldwell,
Catawba
Davidson, Rowan
Cherokee
Burke, McDowell
Granville, Vance, Warren,
NC; Halifax, Mecklenburg,
VA
Haywood
Alexander, Catawba, Iredell
Gaston, Mecklenburg
Catawba, Iredell, Lincoln,
Mecklenburg
Burke, Caldwell
Graham
Montgomery, Stanly
Columbus
Haywood
Gaston, Mecklenburg, NC;
York, SC
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111
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condi-
tion are being made to advance the rationale and data base for
refinement of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's
fresh water lakes. Likewise, multlvariate evaluations for the
relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic
condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist
in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by EPA
and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey (Office of
Research & Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the North Carolina Department
of Natural and Economic Resources for professional involvement
and to the North Carolina National Guard for conducting the
tributary sampling phase of the Survey.
Lewis R. Martin, Director of the Division of Environmental
Management; Darwin L. Coburn, Chief of the Water Quality Section;
and Julian R. Taylor, Supervisor of the Monitoring Program Unit;
provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during the
Survey, reviewed the preliminary reports, and provided critiques
most useful in the preparation of this Working Paper series.
Major General William M. Buck, formerly Adjutant General of
North Carolina, and Project Officer Colonel Arthur J. Bouchard,
who directed the volunteer efforts of the North Carolina National
Guardsmen, are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance
to the Survey.
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V
WATERVILLE LAKE
&l Tributary Sampling Site
X Lake Sampling Site
| Sewage Treatment Facility
Drainage Area Boundary
T
8 Mi.
Scale
83*00'
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WATERVILLE LAKE
STORET NO. 3718
I. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:
Survey data indicate that Waterville Lake is eutrophic.
However, since the mean hydraulic retention time of this water
body is only 15 days, it more closely resembles a slow-moving
stream, and the term "over-enriched" may be a better description
of the condition of the lake.
Waterville Lake ranked fourteenth in overall trophic quality
when the 16 North Carolina lakes sampled in 1973 were compared
using a combination of six parameters*. None of the other lakes
had more median total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, and inor-
ganic nitrogen; but only three had less mean chlorophyll a_. The
relatively low chlorophyll a_ concentrations and high nutrient
levels indicate primary productivity probably was light-inhibited.
Twelve of the sampled lakes had greater mean Secchi disc trans-
parency, and Survey limnologists commented on the turbid, humic-
colored water at both sampling stations each sampling time.
Depletion of dissolved oxygen with depth occurred at station
1 in July and September, and depression occurred at station 2 in
July. All dissolved oxygen concentrations were very low in
* See Appendix A.
-------
September; the near-surface sample at station 1 was only 17%
of saturation, and the near-surface sample at station 2 was
only 25% of saturation.
B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
The algal assay results demonstrated nitrogen limitation.
However, a differential gain in phosphorus and nitrogen occurred
in the assay sample upon autoclaving, and the limiting nutrient
was shifted from phosphorus in the lake (mean N/P ratio of 19/1)
to nitrogen in the sample {the N/P ratio was less than 12/1).
Therefore, the assay results are not representative of conditions
in the lake at the time the sample was collected (03/24/73).
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation at all sampling
times. The mean inorganic nitrogen to orthophosphorus ratios
were 19 to 1 or greater, and phosphorus limitation would be
expected.
C. Nutrient Controllability:
1. Point sources—During the sampling year, known point
sources accounted for 18.2% of the total phosphorus load reach-
ing Waterville Lake. The Lake Junaluska wastewater treatment
plant contributed 11.8%, and the City of Canton was estimated
to have contributed 6.4% of the total load.
The present loading of 93.30 g/m2/yr is over 19 times the
rate proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider and Dillon, 1974)
-------
as a eutropMc rate (see page 14). However, the mean hydraulic
retention time of Waterville Lake is a rather short 15 days,
and Vollenweider's model may not be applicable. Nonetheless,
the trophic condition of the lake is evidence of excessive
nutrient loads.
Control of phosphorus at the two point sources noted above
would be a first step in a program to improve Waterville Lake.
However, unless the non-point phosphorus contributions can be
reduced significantly, it does not appear that phosphorus
removal at the point sources would result in an appreciable
change in the trophic condition of the lake.
2. Non-point sources—The phosphorus contribution of non-
point sources accounted for 81.8% of the total load during the
sampling year. The Pigeon River contributed 68.9%, and Fines
Creek contributed 8.8% of this total. Ungaged tributaries
were estimated to have contributed 4.1%.
The Pigeon River and Fines Creek had phosphorus export rates
of 96 kg/km2/yr and 170 kg/km2/yr, respectively. These rates
are extremely high compared to the rates of the tributaries of
nearby Lake Junaluska*; i.e., Richland Creek, 31 kg/km2/yr;
Factory Branch, 39 kg/km2/yr; and Unnamed Creek B-l, 28 kg/km2/yr.
* Working Paper No. 384.
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The high rate of the Pigeon River may in part be due to
underestimation of the phosphorus contribution of the City
of Canton and the pulp mill; however, the export rate of
Fines Creek was nearly twice that of the Pigeon River, and
no known point sources impact the stream. Therefore, it is
likely that the high export rates are due in large part to
land-use practices in the drainage, but further study is
needed to determine this.
Reportedly, tomatoes are the principal crop in the area
(Cook, 1975); and, where fertilization is necessary, the
culture of tomatoes requires relatively low nitrogen-high
phosphorus fertilizers; e.g., a conservative 5% nitrogen-
10% phosphorus-10% potassium formulation is sold for use in
home gardens. The use of stronger commercial formulations
in the area may account for the high export rates noted
above.
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II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS1"
rL,±
A. Lake Morphometry :
1. Surface area: 1.38 kilometers2.
2. Mean depth: 22.7 meters.
3. Maximum depth: 54 meters.
4. Volume: 31.2 x 106 m3.
5. Mean hydraulic retention time: 15 days.
B. Tributary and Outlet:
{See Appendix C for flow data)
1. Tributaries -
Drainage Mean flow
Name area (km2)* (m3/sec)*
Pigeon River 922.0 19.0
Fines Creek 66.8 1.6
Minor tributaries &
immediate drainage - 188.2 3.2
Totals 1,177.0 23.8
2. Outlet -
Waterville Lake hydroelectric
tunnel , , 178 .** 24.0
Pigeon River * _ I.I/B.I
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III. LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Waterville Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season
of 1973 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time,
samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from two
stations on the lake and from a number of depths at each station (see
map, page v). During each visit, a single depth-integrated (4.6 m to
surface) sample was composited from the two stations for phytoplankton
identification and enumeration; and during the first visit, a single
18.9-liter depth-integrated sample was composited for algal assays.
Also each time, a depth-integrated sample was collected from each of
the stations for chlorophyll ^analysis. The maximum depths sampled
were 39.6 meters at station 1 and 9.1 meters at station 2.
The lake sampling results are presented in full in Appendix D and
are summarized in the following table.
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SUMMAPY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR WATERVILLE RESERVOIR
STORET CODE 3716
PARAMETER
TEMP (Cl
01SS OXY (MG/L)
CNDCTVT (MCROMO)
PH (STAND UNITS*
TOT ALK (MG/L)
TOT P (MG/LI
ORTHO P
N02«N03 (MG/L)
AMMONIA (MG/L)
KJEL N (MG/L>
INORG N (Mfi/Ll
TOTAL N (HCI/D
CHLRPYL A tl»r,/L>
SECCHI (METERSt
1ST SAMPLING ( 3/24/73)
? SITES
2ND SAMPLING ( 7/ 5/731
2 SITES
3RD SAMPLING ( 9/20/731
2 SITES
RANGE
9.Z
9.B
120.
7,5
10.
0.099
0.036
0.610
0.1?0
0. 300
O.T50
0.950
n.3
O.b
- 11.3
- 10.?
- lf-5.
7.5
17.
- 0.244
- O.OS1
- O.f.70
- 0.240
- 0.600
- O.B70
- l.?30
0.3
O.B
MEAN
10.2
10.0
!<•!.
7.5
12.
0.127
0.041
0.638
0.151
0.410
0.796
1.048
0.3
0.7
MEDIAN
10.1
10.0
143.
7.5
10.
0.113
0.040
0.635
0.155
0.400
0.785
1.035
0.3
0.7
RANGE
11.1
0.0
250.
6.8
24.
0.057
0.019
0.350
0.090
0.300
0.440
0.650
3.2
0.6
- 26.6
7.5
- 450.
8.7
61.
- 0.143
• 0.062
- 0.870
- l.SOO
- 1.900
- 2.300
- 2.700
- 15.3
1.0
MEAN
22.9
3.9
360.
7.4
35.
0.093
0.046
0.661
0.276
0.582
0.937
1.243
9.2
0.6
MEDIAN
24.0
3.5
355.
7.3
33.
0.079
0.039
0.720
0.140
0.400
0.850
1.120
9.2
0.8
RANGE
11.9
0.0
267.
6.5
57.
0.064
0.034
O.OTO
0.600
1.700
1.220
2.300
1.4
0.9
- 21.8
4.0
- 735.
7.0
68.
- 0.244
- 0.056
- 0.630
- 2.960
- 5.000
- 3.030
- 5.070
2.4
0.9
MEAN
20.2
1.6
657.
6.0
62. .
0.104
0.044
0.489
1.020
2.322
1.517
2. 811
1.9
0.9
MEDIAN
21.3
1.4
713.
tt.9
63.
0.085
0.444
O.S1*
0.830
2.000
1.340
2.560
1.9
0.9
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8
B. Biological characteristics:
1. Phytoplankton -
Sampling
Date
03/24/73
07/05/73
09/20/73
2. Chlorophyll a_ -
Sampling
Date
03/24/73
07/05/73
09/20/73
Dominant
Genera
1. Oscillatoria
2. Blue-green filaments
Total
1. Melosira
2. Scenedesmus
3. Cyclotella
4. Selenastrum
5. Coelastrum
Other genera
Total
1. Flagellates
2. Blue-green filaments
3. Dinoflagellates
4. Scenedesmus
5. Navicula
Other genera
Total
Station
Number
01
02
01
02
01
02
Algal units
per ml
422
127
549
1,107
1,064
916
852
682
2,960
7,581
102
77
64
39
26
179
487
Chlorophyll a
(vg/1)
0.3
0.3
15.3
3.2
1.4
2.4
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C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
The control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capricornutum,
indicated that the potential primary productivity of Watervllle
Lake was high (control yield = 18.0 mg/1 dry weight).
The results also indicated that the sample was limited by
nitrogen. However, a 56% gain in orthophosphorus but only a 4%
gain in inorganic nitrogen occurred in the assay sample upon
autoclaving. The differential gain in these two nutrients
resulted in a shift from phosphorus limitation in the lake (mean
N/P = 19/1} to nitrogen limitation in the assay sample (N/P =
<12/1). Therefore the assay results are not representative of
conditions in the lake at the time the sample was collected
(03/24/73).
The lake data indicate phosphorus limitation at all sampling
times; i.e., the mean inorganic nitrogen to orthophosphorus ratios
were 19/1 or greater, and phosphorus limitation would be expected.
-------
10
IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS
(See Appendix E for data)
For the determination of nutrient loadings, the North Carolina
National Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each
of the tributary sites indicated on the map (page v), except for the
high runoff month of February when two samples were collected. Samp-
ling was begun in March, 1973, and was completed in February, 1974.
Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the
year of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by
the North Carolina District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey for
the tributary sites nearest the lake.
In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were deter-
mined by using a modification of a U.S. Geological Survey computer
program for calculating stream loadings*. Nutrient loads shown are
those measured minus point-source loads, if any.
Nutrient loads for unsampled "minor tributaries and immediate
drainage" ("ZZ" of U.S.G.S.) were estimated using the means of the
nutrient loads, in kg/km2/year, at station B-l of nearby Lake Junaluska
and multiplying the means by the ZZ area in km2.
The operator of the Lake Junaluska wastewater treatment plant provided
monthly effluent samples and corresponding flow data. The City of Canton
* See working Paper No. 175.
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n
did not participate in the Survey, and nutrient loads were estimated
at 1.134 kg P and 3.401 kg N/capita/year.
A. Waste Sources:
1. Known municipal -
Name
Lake
Junalaska
Canton
Pop.
Served Treatment
12,000* prim.
clarifier
7,297*** (pulp mill
plant)
Mean Flow
(mVd)
12,113.3**
?
Receiving
Water
Pigeon River
Pigeon River
2. Known industrial -
Name
Product Treatment
Mean Flow
(mVdl
Receiving
Water
A. C. Lawrence leather
Tannery,
Waynesvilie
Pulp Mill, pulp and prim.
Canton paper clarifier
(served by Lake Junaluska
treatment plant)
Pigeon River
* Treatment plant questionnaire; includes Waynesville, Hazelwood, and
Lake Junaluska.
** More than 25% of the total waste load is contributed by industry.
*** Combined 1970 Census of Canton, Philipsville, and Clyde; wastes
are treated in the local pulp mill primary clarifier.
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12
B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year:
1 . Inputs -
kg P/ % of
Source ^1 _ total
a. Tributaries {non-point load) -
Pigeon River 88,650 68.9
Fines Creek 11,375 8.8
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 5,230 4.1
c. Known municipal STP's -
Lake Junaluska 15,195 11.8
Canton 8,275 6.4
d. Septic tanks - Unknown
e. Known industrial -
Tannery ?
Pulp Mill ?
f. Direct precipitation* - _ 25^ <0.1
Total 128,750 100.0
2. Outputs -
i ai«» «,,tiet
Lake outlet -
Hydroelectri c penstock - 63,315
pigeon Riyer _ 125
3. Net annual P accumulation - 65,310 kg.
* See Working Paper No. 175.
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13
C. Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year:
1. Inputs -
kg N/ % of
Source y_r _ total
a. Tributaries (non-point load) -
Pigeon River 833,725 62.2
Fines Creek 110,015 8.2
b. Minor tributaries & immediate
drainage (non-point load) - 265,045 19.8
c. Known municipal STP's -
Lake Junaluska 106,560 7.9
Canton 24,815 1,8
d. Septic tanks - Unknown
e. Known industrial -
Tannery ?
Pulp Mill ?
f. Direct precipitation* - 1.490 0.1
Total 1,341,650 100.0
2. Outputs -
L*. outlet - c "6nSt'Ck I 91 > «1.S75
3. Net annual N accumulation - 420,075 kg.
* See Working Paper No. 175.
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14
D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:
Tributary kg P/km2/yr kg N/km2/yr N/P Ratio
Pigeon River 96 904 9/1
Fines Creek 170 1,647 10/1
E. Yearly Loading Rates:
In the following table, the existing phosphorus loading
rates are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (Vollen-
weider and Dillon, 1974). Essentially, his "dangerous" rate
is the rate at which the receiving water would become eutrophic
or remain eutrophic; his "permissible" rate is that which would
result in the receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming
oligotrophic if morphometry permitted. A mesotrophic rate would
be considered one between "dangerous" and "permissible".
Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to
water bodies with short hydraulic retention times.
Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen
Total Accumulated Total Accumulated
grams/m2/yr 93.30 47.33 972.2 304.4
Vollenweider loading rates for phosphorus
(g/m2/yr) based on mean depth and mean
hydraulic retention time of Waterville Lake:
"Dangerous" (eutrophic rate) 4.80
"Permissible" {oligotrophic rate) 2.40
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15
LITERATURE REVIEWED
Cook, Groyer, 1975. Personal communication (agriculture in the
Waterville Lake drainage). NC Dept. of Nat. and Econ. Resources.
Raleigh.
Park, David, 1974. Personal communication (lake morphometry). NC
Dept. of Nat. and Econ. Resources, Raleigh.
Vollenwelder, R. A., and P. J. Dillon, 1974. The application of
the phosphorus loading concept to eutrophication research.
Natl. Res. Council of Canada Publ. No. 13690, Canada Centre
for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario.
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VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LAKE RANKINGS
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LAKES RANKED BY INDEX NOS.
RANK LAKE CODE LAKE NAME
1 3719
2 3716
3 3711
4 3707
5 3704
6 3713
7 3708
8 3710
9 3715
10 3705
11 3717
12 3709
U 3702
14 3718
15 3701
16 3706
LAKE WACCAMAW
SANTEELAH LAKE
MOUNTAIN ISLAND LAKE
HIWASSEE LAKE
FONTANA LAKE
LAKE NORMAN
LAKE JAMES
LOOKOUT SHOALS
RHODHISS LAKE
LAKE HICKORY
LAKE TILLERY
LAKE JUNALUSKA
BLEWETT FALLS LAKE
WATERVILLE RESERVOIR
BADIN LAKE
HIGH ROCK LAKE
INDEX NO
534
446
419
414
392
346
334
327
296
283
246
220
200
140
124
76
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LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
3701 BADIN LAKE
3702 BLEMCTT FALLS LAKE
3704 FONTANA LAKE
3705 LAKE HICKORY
3706 HIGH ROCK LAKE
3707 HIWASSEE LAKE
3708 LAKE JAMES
3709. LAKE JUNALUSKA
3710 LOOKOUT SHOALS
3711 MOUNTAIN ISLAND LAKE
3713 LAKE NORMAN
3715 RHOOHISS LAKE
3716 SANTEELAH LAKE
3717 LAKE TILLERY
371S WATERVILLE RESERVOIR
3719 LAKE UACCAMAW
MEDIAN
TOTAL P
0.042
0.090
0.011
0.047
0.090
0.015
0.020
0.031
0.026
0.018
0.019
0.061
0.011
0.040
0.103
0.018
MEDIAN
INORG N
0.680
0.655
0.550
0.320
0.580
0.240
0.160
0.560
0,370
0,270
0.330
0.305
0.160
0.470
0.860
0.120
500-
MEAN SEC
466.750
476.889
392.650
461.000
477.454
420.555
428.866
*
462.000
459.167
462.000
446.667
462.111
366.400
468.600
468.333
455.667
MEAN
CHLORA
7.190
4.167
3.438
7.275
14.283
5.678
7.660
»
7.233
4.200
5*580
5.807
3.578
5.360
6.827
3.817
3.583
15-
MIN DO
14.900
10.800
14.900
13.400
14.800
14.200
14.800
14.200
13.800
12.800
14.800
13.600
14. Mt
13.600
14.400
9.800
MEOIJ
OISS ORTt
0.012
0.034
0.007
0.008
0.017
0.007
0.006
0.009
0.008
0.105
O.MS
• ••19
• •M6
0.008
0.041
0.00.4
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PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
3701 BAOIN LAKE
3702 BLEWETT FALLS LAKE
3704 FONTANA LAKE
3705 LAKE HICKORY
3706 HIGH ROCK LAKE
3707 HIWASSEE LAKE
3708 LAKE JAMES
3709 LAKE JUNALUSKA
3710 LOOKOUT SHOALS
3711 MOUNTAIN ISLAND LAKE
3713 LAKE NORMAN
3715 RHODHISS LAKE
3716 SANTEELAH LAKE
3717 LAKE TILLERY
3718 WATERVILLE RESERVOIR
3719 LAKE UACCAMAW
MEDIAN
TOTAL P
33
7
100
27
13
87
60
47
53
73
67
20
93
40
0
80
( 5)
( 1)
I IS)
I 4)
< 2)
< 13)
( 9)
( 7)
( fl>
< 11)
< 10)
( 3)
( 14)
( 6)
I 0)
( 12)
MEDIAN
INORG N
7 (
13 <
33 <
60 <
20 (
80 <
87 (
27 (
47 (
73 (
53 (
67 <
93 <
40 (
0 (
100 (
1)
2)
5)
9)
3)
12)
13)
4)
7)
11)
8)
10)
14)
6)
0)
15)
500-
MEAN SEC
27 i
7 (
93 I
53 1
0 1
87 1
80 1
43 1
60 {
43 1
73 (
33 (
100 1
13 <
20 1
67 1
! 4)
I 1)
I 14)
! 8>
! 0)
I 13)
I 12)
! 6>
; 9>
: 6>
! ID
! S>
1 15)
I 2)
I 3)
: 10)
MEAN
CHLORA
27 I
73 1
100 (
13 1
0 1
47 1
7 1
20 1
67 (
53 (
40 I
93 <
60 1
33 1
80 <
87 1
1 4)
! 11)
I 15)
I 2)
: o>
[ 7)
I 1)
1 3)
1 10)
! 8)
! 6)
! 14)
! 9)
I 5)
I 12)
I 13)
15-
MIN DO
3 1
93 1
3 1
80 1
23 (
50 1
23 1
50 (
60 1
87 1
23 1
70 1
23 1
70 1
40 1
100 1
1 0)
I 14)
I 0)
1 12)
: 2)
1 7)
; 2)
1 7)
; 9>
I 13)
I 2)
I 10)
I 2)
1 10)
1 6)
1 15)
MEDIAN
DISS ORTHO P
27 (
7 <
63 <
50 (
20 I
63 (
77 <
33 <
40 <
90 (
90 (
13 (
77 (
50 (
0 <
100 (
4)
1)
9>
7)
3)
9)
11)
5)
6)
13)
13)
2)
11)
7)
0)
15)
INDEX
NO
124
200
392
283
76
414
334
220
327
419
346
296
446
246
140
534
-------
APPENDIX B
CONVERSIONS FACTORS
-------
CONVERSION FACTORS
Hectares x 2.471 = acres
Kilometers x 0.6214 = miles
Meters x 3.281 - feet
Cubic meters x 8.107 x 10" = acre/feet
Square kilometers x 0.3861 = square miles
Cubic meters/sec x 35.315 = cubic feet/sec
Centimeters x 0.3937 = inches
Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds
Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 = Ibs/square mile
-------
APPENDIX C
TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA
-------
LAKE CODE 3718
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOB NORTH CAROLINA
WATERVILLE RESERVOIR
10/08/75
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAKE
JAM
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
NORMALIZED FLOWS(CMS)
JUN JUL AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MEAN
3718AI
3718B1
3718B2
3718C1
3718ZZ
1178. A
1178.4
922.0
66.3
189.6
28.88
0.03
25.06
2.49
4. HI
34.83
0.03
29.45
2.66
5.24
43.04
0.03
32.00
3.11
6.09
31.43
0.03
27.75
2.18
4. 25
22.60
0.03
19.63
1.47
2.97
23.08
0.03
14,87
1.13
2.27
15.86
0.03
12.46
1.10
2.12
16.00
0.03
12.74
1.13
2.27
11.47
0.03
11.04
0.76
1.56
18.12
0.03
11.89
0.76
1.70
18.97
0.03
13.31
0.99
1.98
24.64
0.03
18.83
1.S3
2.97
24.04
0.03
19.03
1.61
3.18
TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA OF LAK6
SUM OF SUB-DRAINAGE AREAS
3718A1
3718B1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
12
1
2
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
64.28
36.53
26.03
31.15
17.56
16.14
9.34
9.63
10.34
32.56
56.35
45.59
0.57
0.03
0.28
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.57
2.83
5.66
25
15
23
1
12
14
10
9
6
10
25
15
13
I
12
14
10
9
6
10
23.98
0.0
7.08
5.80
26.33
52.67
53.24
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.03
2.83
0.03
1178.4
1178.4
MEAN MONTHLY FLOwS AND DAILY FLOWS(CMSt
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN FLOW DAY FLOW DAY
56.07
26.31
41.34 27
29
20
24
27
29
20
24
SUMMARY
TOTAL FLOW IN
TOTAL FLOW OUT
286.65
289.45
FLOW DAY
32.85
13.17
51.82
52.95
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.03
FLOW
-------
LAKE CODE 3718
TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR NORTH CAROLINA
WATEKVILLE RESERVOIR
10/08/75
MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CMS)
TRIBUTARY MONTH YEArt MEAN FLOW DAY
3718B2
3718C1
3718ZZ
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
74
74
61.73
32.85
35.68
24.35
14.44
10.19
7.65
6.65
11.19
31.15
45.59
43.61
4.96
2.21
2.32
1.84
1.19
1.08
0.79
0.57
1.08
2.83
5.38
4.25
9.63
4.25
4.53
3.68
2.55
2.12
1.56
1.13
2*12
5.66
10.48
8.50
25
15
13
1
12
14
10
9
6
10
25
15
13
1
12
14
10
9
6
10
FLOW DAY
26.62
27.47
16.00
11.04
6.37
6.09
17.70
51.54
36.81
2.97
1.70
1.98
1.42
1.33
0.54
0.54
1.84
6.51
4.25
27
29
20
24
27
29
20
24
FLOW DAY
29.17
12.60
FLOW
24.64
48.99
1.56
1.13
2.55
4.53
-------
APPENDIX D
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL UATt 7b/10/20
371801
35 46 30.0 083 06 00.0
wATtRviLLE RESERVOIR
370B7 NORTH CAROLINA
DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/24
73/07/05
73/09/20
00010
TIME DEPTH wATEft
OF TEMP
DAY FEET
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
50
50
50
50
50
50
05
OS
05
05
05
05
05
00
00
00
00
00
0000
0005
0015
0050
0090
0130
0000
0005
OOlb
0035
0065
0095
0125
0000
0010
0030
0060
0100
CENT
10.
10.
4.
9.
9.
9.
25.
25.
24.
22.
21.
20.
11.
21.
21.
21.
19.
11.
4
3
9
5
it
2
7
6
0
9
9
*t
1
4
3
u
9
9
00300
00
MG/L
9
10
10
10
10
7
5
3
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
•
•
*
•
•
*
•
•
*
*
•
*
•
*
•
•
8
0
2
2
0
5
1
S
5
9
0
4
0
6
6
0
11EPALES
00300
00
MG/L
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.2
10.0
7.5
5.1
3.S
3.5
0.9
0.0
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.0
00077 00094
T«ANSP CNIJUCTVY
SECCHI FIELD
INCHES MICROMHO
24 125
120
120
140
145
145
40 360
355
340
355
340
250
285
3b 713
703
694
626
267
3
00400
HH
i>U
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.5U
7.50
8.70
H.OO
7.30
7.10
7.00
6.80
6.90
6.8U
6.70
6.60
6. 70
6.50
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
10K
10K
10K
10K
10K
10
34
31
32
33
31
24
61
64
63
63
57
68
3111202
0135
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.120
0.120
0.120
0.170
0.200
0.240
0.090
0.130
0.160
0.130
0.200
0.150
l.SOO
0.830
0.830
0.820
0.780
2.V60
FEET DEPTH
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
0.400
0.300
0.300
0.400
0.400
0.600
0.300
0.400
0.300
0.400
0.400
0.300
1.900
2.000
1.800
1.900
1.900
5.000
00630
N02KM03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.670
0.650
0.650
0.650
0.640
0.630
0.350
0.370
0.460
0.660
0.750
0.700
0.800
0.560
0.500
0.470
0.440
0.070
00671
PHOS-D1S
OHTMO
M6/L P
0.038
0.038
0.036
0.040
0.044
0.038
0.027
0.025
0.036
O.OSO
0.039
0.019
0.022
0.044
0.041
0.038
0.034
0.042
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
APPENDIX E
TRIBUTARY and WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT DATA
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DA1E 7S/10/2U
371HA1 LS3718A1
35 46 30.0 083 06 00.0
WATERVILLE LAKE HYOROELEC TUNNEL
37167 7.5 WATEHVILLE
0/HATERVILLE LAKE
AT POWER PLANT
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/25
73/04/15
73/05/27
73/07/01
73/07/29
73/12/09
74/01/06
74/01/20
74/02/10
74/02/24
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
11 00
13 20
14 05
13 IS
11 15
12 S5
10 20
11 45
11 00
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.590
0.390
u.430
0.530
0.570
0.4bO
0.490
0.540
0.450
0.368
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
0.400
0.330
1.260
0.640
1.150
0.700
0.200
0.400
1.400
0.600
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.126
0.096
0.140
0.134
0.138
0.168
0.048
0.108
0.105
3.135
00671
PHOS-OIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
0.050
0.027
0.036
0*039
0.037
0*036
0.016
0.046
0.020
0.025
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.090
0.055
0.080
0.087
0.095
0.085
0.055
0.070
0.065
0.145
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 75/10/30
3718B1 LS3718B1
35 45 30.0 083 02 00.0
PIGEON RIVER
37 HAP HAYtfOOD CO
0/WATERV1LLE LAKE
BANK ZOO FT BELOW 0AM
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET
DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/25
73/04/15
73/05/13
73/05/27
73/07/01
73/07/29
73/10/14
73/11/10
73/12/09
74/01/06
74/01/20
74/02/10
74/02/24
TIME DEPTH
OF
OAY FEET
12 25
12 30
U 45
13 20
12 45
10 40
11 00
10 30
11 45
09 45
11 15
10 15
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.600
0.490
0.420
0.370
0.138
0.110
U.035
0.620
0.052
0.020
0.028
0.520
0.420
00625
TOT KJEL
N
HG/L
0.520
0.600
0.900
1.000
2.200
2.500
4.300
3.600
4.000
3.100
4.000
0.500
1.300
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.220
0.200
0.440
0.520
1.160
2.500
3.200
2.200
2.200
2.200
2.670
0*075
0.520
00671
PHOS-DIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
0.037
0.005K
0.037
0.027
0*024
0.025
0.026
0.076
0.156
0*056
0.060
0*022
0.020
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.070
0.100
0.100
0.070
0.110
0.075
0.170
0.375
0.330
0.130
0.0*5
0.065
0.090
DEPTH
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
STOREF RETRIEVAL DATE. 75/10/20
3718b2
35 40 00.0 082 59 30.0
PIGEON tflYE*
37 MAP HAYfcOOD CO
T/WATEKVILLE LAKE
INT H*Y tO BRDG JUST E OF HEPCO
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/25
73/04/15
73/U5/13
73/05/27
73/07/01
73/07/29
73/10/14
73/11/10
73/12/09
74/01/06
74/01/20
74/02/10
74/02/24
Ot>630 00625
TIME DEPTH nJ02iN03 TOT KJEL
OF N-TOTAL N
DAY FEET
13
14
10
11
12
09
10
09
11
09
10
09
05
00
45
55
10
10
15
15
15
05
45
15
MG/L
0
u
0
u
0
0
i
0
0
c
0
0
0
.530
.4bO
.370
.4dU
.800
.470
.060
.630
.420
.600
.490
.490
.46U
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
2.
1.
0.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
720
690
915
300
KOO
800
800
200
950
300
600
700
500
00610 00671 00665
NH3-N PriOS-DlS PhOS-TOT
TOTAL OKTHO
M(i/L
0.
0.
0.
068
120
110
0.480
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
130
105
198
176
100
070
OB5
035
070
MG/L
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
o.
u*
0.
0.
0.
0.
0*
0.
p
056
160
058
070
105
082
168
168
052
020
060
025
020
MG/L P
0.135
0.270
0.195
0.290
0.210
0.210
0.290
0.220
0.178
0.077
0.100
0.125
0.105
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/10/30
371SC1 LS3718C1
35 40 30.0 082 59 30.0
FINES CREEK
37 MAP HAYWOOD CO
T/WATEKVILLE LAKE
Sf KT 1338 BROG 1 MI S OF NEPCO
11EPALES 2111204
4 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/25
73/04/15
73/05/13
73/05/27
73/07/01
73/07/29
73/10/l<*
73/11/10
73/12/09
74/01/00
74/01/20
74/02/10
74/02/24
TIME DEPTH
OF
DAY FEET
11 40
11 20
11 00
11 20
12 20
09 40
10 20
09 45
11 20
09 20
10 50
09 30
00630
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
1.140
0.850
0.550
0.750
0.580
0.790
0.430
0.480
0.950
1.510
1.090
l.luo
1.100
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
1.200
0.270
0.290
5.600
2.310
1.100
1.350
0.950
1.600
0.100K
0.950
0.300
0.400
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.300
0.046
0.025
0.100
0.080
0.023
0.153
0.096
0.252
0.025
0.135
0.025
0.035
00671
PHOS-DIS
ORTHO
MG/L P
0.210
0.034
0.030
0.058
0.069
0.037
0.139
0.216
0.400
0.028
0.176
0.025
0.032
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.330
0.060
0.070
0.170
0.120
0.400
0.250
0.300
0.610
0.045
0.330
0.065
0.090
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE
LESS THAN INDICATED
-------
786
STCWET *ETR1FVAL DATE 75/01/30
371SHA Prt37)9PA P012000"
35 31 30.0 08? 57 30.0
LAKE JUNALASKA NC
37 HAYWOOD CO HWY M
T/nATERVILLE LAKE
PIGI-TCW RIVE*
11EPALF.S 2141204
* 0000 FEET DEPTH
00630 00625 00610 00671 00665 50051 50053
DATE TIMF DEPTH N026.N03 TOT KJEL NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT FLOW CONDUIT
FROM
TO
73/05/Oft
CP)T>-
73/05/On
73/06/20
CP~
73/06/?0
73/0-
73/0 R/?1
73/10/09
CP-
7.1/iO/0<5
7.1/1 1/13
CPirt-
73/1 1/13
74/01/04
CP(T) -
74/01/04
7t/03/l?
CP(f>-
74/01/1?
74/04/30
74/05/14
CP(T>-
74/05/14
74/06/01
CPITl-
74/06/0?
74/06/12
CP < T 1 -
74/06/13
74/07/Ort
CP(TI-
74/07/09
74/OR/l?
CP-
74/08/1 j
OF
DAY FF.ET
16
?3
09
15
on
is
09
16
08
IS
03
15
08
15
13
00
24
OH
08
OB
09
10
10
13
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
no
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
no
00
M-TOTAL
MG/L
1
0
0
0
0
y
0
0
0
0
0
.000
.62?
.630
.480
.390
.400
.640
.640
.120
.320
.320
0.120
13
00
N
MG/L
36.000
21.000
25.000
2?. 000
13.000
6.200
3P.OOO
36.000
17.000
20.000
33.000
IP. 000
36.000
TOTAL
MG/L
11.200
2.200
4.620
9.400
4.300
1.160
6.800
7.600
10.000
11.000
7.100
12.000
OPTHO
MG/L P
1.050
?.ooo
1.780
3.790
1.150
0.670
1.600
3.300
l.'iOO
1.325
1.100
2.300
RATE FLOW-MGD
MG/L P INST HGO MONTHLY
2
3
3
5
1
0
2
2
10
3
2
2
4
.100
.500
.600
.300
.S50
.950
.000
.700
.000
.000
.700
.300
.000
3.300
3.200
2.900
2.640
0.900
3.210
3.4SO
3.500
1.450
3.600
3.500
4.200
1.500
3.200
3.100
3.100
2.500
3.100
3.200
3.200
3.600
3.400
3.300
3.400
3.200
3.300
-------
STOREf KETMIEVAL DATE 75/10/20
00665
DATE TIME DEPTH PhOS-TOT
FROM OF
TO DAY FEET MG/L H
73/03/24 10 50 0000 0.103
10 50 0005 0.099
10 50 0015 0.115
10 50 0050 0.111
10 50 0090 0.122
10 50 0130 0.244
73/07/05 I 05 0000 0.079
05 0005 0.063
05 0016 0.058
05 0035 0.068
05 0065 0.062
05 0095 0.104
05 U12b O.Ob/
73/09/20 12 00 0000 0.069
12 00 0010 0.064
12 00 0030 0.068
12 00 0060 0.085
12 00 0100 0.115
32217
CHLRPHYL
A
UG/L
0.3
15.3
1.4
371801
35 46 30.0 083 06 00.0
KATERVILLE RESERVOIR
37087 NORTH CAROLINA
IIEPALES
3
2111202
0135 FEET
DEPTH
-------
S10RE.T RETRIEVAL OATŁ 75/10/20
371803
35 47 07,0 D83 Ob 48.0
*ATERV1LLE RESERVOIR
37 NORTH CAROLINA
DATE
FROM
TO
73/03/24
73/07/05
73/09/20
TIME
OF
DAY
11 40
11 40
11 40
11 40
12 15
12 15
12 15
12 15
12 40
12 40
12 40
12 40
DEPTH
FEET
0000
0004
0015
0030
0000
0005
0015
0030
0000
0010
0017
0030
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
11.3
11.1
10.7
9.9
26. t.
26.2
24.7
23.2
21.8
21.7
21.5
20.9
00300 00077 00094
DO TRANSP CNDUCTVY
SECCHI FIELD
MG/L INCHES MICKOMHO
10.0
10.0
10.0
6.3
5.4
3.1
2.0
1.8
2.6
4.0
30
24
36
165
165
14U
145
400
410
450
420
734
735
714
728
11EPALES
3
00400
PH
SU
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.70
7.70
7.40
7.10
6.90
6.8U
6.60
7.00
00410
T ALK
CAC03
MG/L
12
13
17
17
35
35
33
32
63
64
62
58
2111202
0035
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.140
0.130
0.170
0.170
0.120
O.llb
0.140
0.3)0
O.U40
0.830
0.7bO
O.bOO
FEET DEPTH
00625
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
0.500
0.400
0.400
0.400
1.000
0.400
0.400
0.600
2.400
2.100
2.100
1.700
00630
N02S.N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.630
0.620
0.611)
0.630
0.750
0.720
0.870
0.840
0.610
0.510
0.610
0.630
00671
PHOS-UIS
URTriO
M(i/L P
0.051
0.047
0.043
0.040
0.074
0.076
0.082
0.054
0.049
0.047
0.047
0.056
-------
STORE! RETRIEVAL DATE 75/10/20
00665 32217
DATE TIME DEPTH PHOS-TOT CHLRPHYL
FROM OF A
TO DAY FEET MG/L P UG/L
73/03/24 11 40 0000 0.135 0.3
11 40 0004 0.133
11 40 0015 0.105
11 40 0030 0.101
73/07/05 12 15 0000 0.143 3.2
12 15 0005 0.127
12 15 0015 0.134
12 15 0030 0.130
73/09/20 12 40 0000 0.092 2.4
12 40 0010 0.084
12 40 0017 0.114
12 40 0030 0.244
371B02
35 47 07.0 083 06 48.0
HATERVILLE RESERVOIR
37 NORTH CAROLINA
11EPALES
3
2111202
0035 FEET
DEPTH
------- |