U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
WORKING PAPER SERIES
REPORT
ON
SALINE LAKE
LASALLE PARISH
LOUISIANA
EPA REGION VI
WORKING PAPER No, 542
CORVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY - CORVALLIS, OREGON
and
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & SUPPORT LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
699-440
-------
REPORT
ON
SALINE LAKE
LASALLE PARISH
LOUISIANA
EPA REGION VI
WORKING PAPER No, 542
WlTH THE COOPERATION OF THE
LOUISIANA WILD LIFE AND FISHERIES COWISSION
AND THE
LOUISIANA NATIONAL GUARD
MARCH, 1977
-------
REPORT ON SALINE LAKE
LASALLE PARISH, LOUISIANA
EPA REGION VI
by
National Eutrophication Survey
Water and Land Quality Branch
Monitoring Operations Division
Environmental Monitoring & Support Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada
and
Special Studies Branch
Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, Oregon
Working Paper No. 542
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
March 1977
-------
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword i i
List of Louisiana Study Lakes iv
Lake and Drainage Area Map v
Sections
I. Introduction 1
II. Conclusions 1
III. Lake Characteristics 3
IV. Lake Water Quality Summary 4
V. Literature Reviewed 9
VI. Appendices 10
-------
FOREWORD
The National Eutrophication Survey was Initiated in 1972 in
response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation-
wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and
reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES
The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state
environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concen-
trations, and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for
formulating comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and
state management practices relating to point source discharge
reduction and nonpoint source pollution abatement in lake water-
sheds.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the
Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts
that:
a. A generalized representation or model relating
sources, concentrations, and impacts can be
constructed.
b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters
associated with lake degradation, the generalized
model can be transformed into an operational
representation of a lake, its drainage basin, and
related nutrients.
c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the
potential for eutrophication control can be made.
LAKE ANALYSIS
In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and
watershed data collected from the study lake and its drainage
basin is documented. The report is formatted to provide state
environmental agencies with specific information for basin
Elanninq [§303(e)], water quality-criteria/standards review
§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)], and water quality monitoring
[§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated by the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
m
Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations
between nutrient concentrations (and loading) and trophic condition
are being made to advance the rationale and data base for refine-
ment of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's freshwater
lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the relationships
between land use, nutrient export, and trophic condition, by lake
class or use, are being developed to assist in the formulation of
planning guidelines and policies by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and to augment plans implementation by the states.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The staff of the National Eutrophlcation Survey (Office of
Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
expresses sincere appreciation to the Louisiana Wild Life and
Fisheries Commission, Division of Water Pollution Control for
professional involvement, to the Louisiana National Guard for
conducting the tributary sampling phase of the Survey, and to
those Louisiana wastewater treatment plant operators who pro-
vided effluent samples and flow data.
Robert A. Lafleur, Chief; J. Dale Givens, Assistant Chief;
Lewis R. Still, Biologist; Louis Johnson, Biologist; Lee Cau-
barreaux, Biologist; Darrell Reed, Engineer; Dempsey Alford,
Biologist; and Elwood Goodwin, Hater Quality Control Technician,
all of the Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Division
of Water Pollution Control reviewed the preliminary reports and
provided critiques most useful in the preparation of this
Working Paper Series.
Major General O'Neil Daigle, Jr., the Adjutant General of
Louisiana, and Project Officer Colonel Lawrence P. Dupre, who
directed the volunteer efforts of the Louisiana National Guards-
men, are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to
the Survey.
-------
NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY
STUDY LAKES
STATE OF LOUISIANA
LAKE NAME
Anacoco Lake
Lake Bistineau
Black Bayou
Black Lake
Bruin Lake
Bundick Lake
Caddo Lake
Cocodrie Lake
Cocodrie Lake (Lower)
Concordia Lake
Cotile Lake
Cross Lake
D'Arbonne Lake
False River Lake
Indian Creek Reservoir
Saline Lake
Turkey Creek Lake
Lake Vernon
lake Verret
PARISH
Vernon
Bienville, Webster
Caddo
Natchitoches and Red River
Tensas
Beauregard
Caddo (Menon and Harrison
in Texas)
Concordia
Rapi des
Concordia
Rapides
Caddo
Union
Pointe Coupee
Rapides
LaSalle
Franklin
Vernon
Assumption
-------
SALINE LAKE
X Lake Sampling Site
-------
REPORT ON SALINE LAKE, LOUISIANA
STORE! NO. 2214
I. INTRODUCTION
Saline Lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
(NES) as a water body of interest to the Louisiana Stream Control
Commission and Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission. Tri-
butaries and nutrient sources were not sampled, and this report
relates only to the data obtained from lake sampling.
II. CONCLUSIONS
A. Trophic Condition:*
Survey data indicate that Saline Lake is eutrophic, i.e.,
nutrient rich and highly productive. Whether such nutrient
enrichment is to be considered beneficial or deleterious is
determined by its actual or potential impact upon designated
beneficial water uses.
Potential for primary production as measured by algal assay
control yield was high. Chlorophyll a_ values ranged from 4.6
yg/1 in the fall to 34.9 yg/1 in the summer, with a mean of 15.3
yg/1. Of the 19 Louisiana lakes sampled in 1974, 3 had higher
median total phosphorus, 4 had higher orthophosphorus, 1 had
higher median inorganic nitrogen and none had lower Secchi disc
visibility than Saline Lake.
*See Appendix C.
-------
Survey limnologists did not report any nuisance conditions
in the lake.
B.. Rate-Limiting Nutrient:
Autumn algal assay results, suggest that Saline Lake was
growth limited by available phosphorus, levels. Spikes with
phosphorus, or nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously resulted
in increases in assay yield. No growth, response accompanied
the addition of nitrogen. The lake inorganic nitrogen to ortho-
phosphorus (N/P) ratios indicate phosphorus limitation in summer
and fall, and nitrogen limitation in the spring. However, pro-
duction in the highly turbid waters was more likely limited by
available Tight, at least during spring and fall sampling periods,
than by nutrients.
-------
III. LAKE CHARACTERISTICS
A. Lake Morphometry:*
2
A. Surface area: 7.98 km .
B. Mean depth: 2.7 meters.
C. Maximum depth: 5.3 meters.
D. Volume: 21.546 x 106 m3.
B. Precipitation:
A. Year of sampling: 165.8 cm.
B. Mean annual: 151.6 cm.
*Provided by the State of Louisiana.
-------
IV. .LAKE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
.Saline Lake was sampled three times during the open-
water season of 1974 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey
helicopter. Each time, samples for physical and chemical
parameters were collected from two stations on the lake and
from one or more depths at each station (see map, page v).
During each visit, depth-integrated samples were collected
from each station for chlorophyll a_ analysis and phytoplankton
identification and enumeration. During the first and last
visits, 18.9-liter depth-integrated samples were composited for
algal assays. Maximum depths sampled were 4.3 meters at Station
01 and 3.0 meters at Station 02. For a more detailed explana-
tion of NES methods, see NES Working Paper No. 175.
The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C
and are summarized in IV-A for waters at the surface and at the
maximum depth for each site. Results of the phytoplankton
counts and chlorophyll a_ determinations are included in IV-B.
Results of the limiting nutrient study are presented in IV-C.
-------
SALINE LAKE
STOKET CODE 2214
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
( 3/19/74 ) ( 5/29/74 )
MAX
( 11/12/74 )
MAX
PARAMETER
N.
RANGE
MEDIAN
OEPIH
(METERS) N»
S»»o
KANGE
= 2
MEDIAN
DEPTH
RANGE
(METERS) N»
-------
B. Biological Characteristics:
1.. Phytoplankton -
Sampling
Date
03/19/74
05/29/74
11/12/74
2. Chlorophyll a_
Sampling
Date
03/19/74
05/29/74
11/12/74
Dominant
Genera
1. Flagellates
2. Dactylococcopsis
3. Melosira
4. Crucigenia
5. Dinobryon
Other genera
Total
1. Flagellates
2. Melosira
3. Ankistrodesmus
4. Kirchneriella
.5. Nitzschia
Other genera
Total
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Melosira
Nitzschia
Cryptomonas
Flagellates
Trachelomonas
Other genera
Total
Station
Number
01
02
01
02
01
02
Algal
Units
per ml
1,244
474
237
237
118
531
2,841
909
795
625
454
454
1,423
4,660
287
172
115
57
57
688
Chlorophyll a^
7.4
10.1
34.9
29.7
4.6
5.3
-------
Ortho P
Cone. (mg/1)
0.035
0.085
0.085
0.035
Inorganic N
Cone. (mg/1)
0.739
0.739
1.739
1.739
Maximum yield
(mq/l-dry wt. )
5.2
17.6
26.6
6.0
C. Limiting Nutrient Study:
1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked - 11/12/74
Spike(mg/l)
Control
0.05 P
0.05 P + 1.0 N
1.00 N
2. Discussion -
The control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capri-
cornutum, indicates that the potential for primary production
in Saline Lake was high at the time of autumn assay sample col-
lection. The increase in yield with the addition of phosphorus
as well as the lack of significant response to the addition of
nitrogen indicates phosphorus limitation. Maximum yield was
achieved with the simultaneous addition of both nutrients.
It should be noted that significant chemical changes
took place in Louisiana lake samples between collection and
assay analysis. The assay data should be considered in this
context and until such differences are resolved, used with
caution for any predictions of actual lake conditions. Such
chemical changes are likely to alter the control yield as well
as modifying the N/P ratio. The spring algal assay results have
not been included as these substantial changes in nutrient levels
have removed their information value.
-------
The N/P ratios in the summer and fall lake chemistry
samples were respectively 17/1 and 19/1, indicating phos-
phorus limitation at those times. The spring N/P ratio
was 8/1, suggesting nitrogen limitation (a mean N/P ratio
of 14/T or greater generally reflects phosphorus limitation)
-------
LITERATURE REVIEWED
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1975. National Eutrophica-
tion Survey Methods 1973-1976. Working Paper No. 175. National
Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Pacific
Northwest Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.
-------
10
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
CONVERSION FACTORS
-------
CONVERSION FACTORS
Hectares x 2.471 = acres
Kilometers x 0.6214 = miles
Meters x 3.281 = feet
-4
Cubic meters x 8.107 x 10 = acre/feet
Square kilometers x 0.3861 = square miles
Cubic meters/sec x 35.315 = cubic feet/sec
Centimeters x 0.3937.= inches
Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds
Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 = Ibs/square mile
-------
APPENDIX B
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
-------
STORET SET91EVAL DATE 7b/12/ll
NATL EUTROPrtlCATION
EPArLAS VEGAS
221401
31 51 02.0 092 56 *7.0
SALINE LAKE
22 LOUISIANA
OATE
F«QM
TO
74/03/19
74/05/29
74/11/12
TIwE UEpTri
OF
DAY FEET
15 05 0000
15 05 0005
15 05 0014
15 30 0000
is 30 boos
15 30 OOQ8
09 10 ooon
09 10 OOQ5
09 10 OOOH
00010
WATEW
TEMH
CENT
19.6
19.6
19.4
28.6
28.3
28.2
15. H
15.8
15.8
5.6
6.0
6,0
8.6
8.6
8.8
00300 00077 00044
DO ThANSP CNDUCTVt
SECChl FIELD
MG/L INCHES MICKOMHO
10
74
78
76
99
101
log
143
142
142
lltPALES
4
0'04QO
PH
su
6.50
6.35
6.40
7.20
7.10
7.10
b.74
6.75
6.79
00410
T AL*.
CAC03
MG/L
14
13
12
16
16
15
10K
28
10K
211
0019
00610
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
0.120
0.120
0.110
0.190
0.210
0.220
0.070
0.070
0.060
12<^
FEET OEPTH
UOt^b
TOf XJEL
M
MG/L
0.700
0.600
0.800
1.000
0.800
0.900
1 .000
0.400
0.800
00630
N02f.N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
0.200
0.190
0.170
0.160
0.190
0.200
O.f.30
0.650
0.680
00671
PMOS-ois
OHTHO
MG/L P
0.056
0.029
0.028
0.020
0.026
0.023
0.051
0.020
0.087
DATE
FROM
TO
74/03/19
74/05/29
74/U/12
00665 32217 00031
TIME DEPTH PHOS-TOT CH.LRPHYL INCDT LT
OF A HEMNING
DAY FEET
15
15
15
15
15
15
09
09
09
05
05
05
30
30
30
10
10
10
0000
0005
0014
0000
0005
OOOB
0000
0005
0008
MG/L P MG./L PEHCENT
0.108 7.4
0,107
0.100
O.ll2 34,9 50,0
0.111
0.134
0,233 4,6
0.247
0,251
K VALUE KNOWN TO BE LESS THAN
— ' INDICATED
-------
STOHET RETRIEVAL Dfl»TE 75/12^11
NATL EUTROPHICATION SUHVEY
EPA-LAS VEGAS
32U02
31 51 02.0 092 56 47."
SALINE LAKt
2? LOUISIANA
DATE
FHQM
TO
74/03/19
74/05/29
74/11/12
DATE
FROM
TO
74/03/19
74/05/29
74/11/12
TI^E
OF
DAY
15
15
15
15
15
09
09
30
30
30
45
45
30
30
TIME
OF
DAY
15
15
15
15
15
09
09
30
30
30
45
45
30
30
DEPTH
FEET
0000
0005
0010
0000
0006
0000
0005
DEPTH
FEET
0000
ooos
0010
0000
0006
0000
0005
00010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
19.7
19.6
27.2
27.2
15.5
15.5
00665
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
0.080
0.081
0.081
0.111
0.105
0.245
0.233
00300 U0077 00094
DO THANSP CNDUCTVY
MG/L
5
5
5
9
9
3221
SECCHl FIELD
INCHES MICPOMHO
.6 72
.6 71
5 77
.4 7B
.0 8 119
.0 115
7 00031
11EPALE.S 2111202
4 0015 FEET DEt-'TH
00400 00410 00610 UOfV!-> 00630
PM T ALK NH3-N TOT KJtL N02J>N03
CAC03 TOTAL
SU MG/L MG/L
6.1b 11 0.100
6.10 13 0.110
6.10 13 0.100
6.90 14 0.170
6.85 13 0.190
6.68 28 0.070
6.70 29 0.0*0
N
MG/L
0.600
0.700
O.bOO
1.200
0.900
1.000
1.000
00671
OHOS-OIS
N-TOTAL O^THO
MG/L
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.130
.140
.150
.160
.160
.620
.620
MIJ/L P
0.022
0.030
0.036
0.019
0.019
0.024
O.Ol-i
CHLHPHYL INCDT LT
A
UG/L
10
29
5
RFMNING
PERCENT
.1
.7 50.0
.3
-------
APPENDIX C
PARAMETRIC RANKINGS OF LAKES
SAMPLED BY NES IN 1974
STATE OF LOUISIANA
-------
LAKE DATA TO BE USED IN RANKINGS
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2201 ANACOCO LAKE
2202 BRUIN LAKE
2?03 LAKE 6ISTINEAU
2204 BLACK 8AYOU
2206 BnNOICK LAKE
2207 COCODRIE LAKE
2208 COTILE LAKE
2209 CONCORDIA LAKE
2210 CROSS LAKE
2211 D'ARBONNE LAKE
2212 FALSE RIVER LAKE
2213 INDIAN CREEK
2214 SALINE LAKE
2215 TURKEY CREEK LAKE
2216 LAKE VERRET
2217 LAKE VERNON
?219 BLACK LAKE
2220 COCO'DWIE
4807 CADDO LAKE
nEniAN
TOTAL P
0.031
O.n57
O.n61
0.0*6
0.157
0.090
0.037
0.076
0.057
O.n38
0.082
o.nai
0.111
0.1 76
0.163
O.Olfl
0.077
0. 106
0.049
MEDIAN
INORG N
0.0*0
0.250
0.100
0.090
0.13S
0.400
0.100
0.080
0.080
0.100
0.130
O.lbO
0.350
0.170
0.100
0.120
0.150
0.050
0.070
500-
MEAN SEC
455.833
450.333
4S3.000
453.417
469.667
479.000
442.333
46B.333
475.250
458.250
442.500
458.333
493.000
477.833
481.428
436.667
454.000
478.333
463.562
MEAN
CHLOWA
8. 700
16.350
12.^33
17.818
20.467
35.300
12.650
32.950
38.385
6.300
24.550
21.467
15.333
21.967
62.02b
4.900
12.733
33.433
20.12b
15-
MIN oo
10.400
15.000
13.200
12.200
10.600
7.700
14.000
14.800
11.400
13.200
14.900
14.800
9.600
14.600
12.000
14.400
11.600
11. BOO
10.000
HEOUN
OISS ORTHO P
0.007
0.012
0.01H
0.009
0.073
0.026
0.011
'0.009
0.010
0.011
0.023
0.010
0.025
0.033
0.056
0.007
0.015
0.014
0.00ft
-------
PERCENT OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NLiMRFN OF LAKES WITH HIGHER VALUES)
LAKE
CODE LAKE NAME
2301 AMACOCO LAKE
2202 BRUIN LAKE
2203 LAKE BISTINEAU
22^4 BLACK BAYOU
2205 BUNDICK LAKE
2207 COCODRIE LAKE
2208 COTILE LAKE
2209 CONCOROIA LAKE
2210 CROSS LAKE
2211 D'ARBONNE LAKE
221* FALSE RIVER LAKE
2213 INDIAN CREEK
2214 SALINE LAKE
2215 TURKEY CREEK LAKE
2216 LAKE VERRET
2217 LAKE VERNON
2219 BLACK LAKE
222ri COCODRIE
4607 CADOO LAKE
MEDIAN
TOTAL »-
32
M
KO
72
11
21
63
44
56
78
3^
92
17
0
6
ion
39
22
67
( 16)
( 11)
( 9)
( 13)
( 2)
( 5)
( 15)
( 8)
( 10)
( 14)
( 6)
( 16)
( 3)
( 0)
( 1)
( 18)
( 7)
( 4)
( 12)
MEDIAN
INORG N
83 (
11 (
58 (
72 (
33 (
0 (
58 (
83 (
83 (
58 (
39 (
28 (
6 (
17 (
58 (
44 <
22 (
100 (
94 (
14)
2)
9)
13)
6)
0)
9)
14)
14)
9)
7)
5)
1)
3)
9)
e>
4)
18)
17)
500-
MEAiy SEC
t>7
83
tol
79
33
11
94
39
28
56
89
50
0
22
6
100
72
17
44
( 12)
( 15)
( 11)
( 14)
( 6)
( 2)
( 17)
( 7)
( 5)
( 10)
( 16)
( 9)
( 0)
( 4)
( 1)
( 18)
( 13)
( 3)
( 8)
MEAN
CHLOKA
89
61
72
56
44
11
83
22
6
94
28
39
67
33
0
100
78
17
50
( 16)
( 11)
( 13)
( 10)
( 8)
( 2)
( 15>
( 4)
( 1)
( 17)
( 5)
( 7)
( 12)
( 6)
( 0)
( 18)
( 14)
( 3)
( 9)
15-
MIN DO
83 (
0 (
42 (
50 (
78 (
100 (
33 (
14 (
72 (
42 (
6 (
14 (
94 (
22 (
56 (
28 (
67 (
61 (
89 (
15)
0)
7)
9)
14)
13)
6)
2)
13)
7)
1)
2)
17)
4)
10)
5)
12)
11)
16)
MEDIAN
oiss ORTHO
94 (
50 (
33 (
bl (
0 (
17 (
61 (
81 (
69 (
56 (
28 (
69 (
22 (
11 (
6 (
100 (
39 (
44 (
H9 (
17)
9)
6)
14)
0)
3)
11)
14)
1?)
10)
5)
1?)
4)
2)
1)
18)
7)
fl)
16)
------- |