EPA REPORT NUMBER 75-CKO-2
VISIBLE EMISSIONS EVALUATION
U.S. STEEL, FAIRFIELD, ALABAMA
Submitted to
Environmental Protection Agency
Field Testing Section
Emissions Measurement Branch'
Task No. 4
Test Conducted July 8,9,10,11,12, 1974
Submitted By
Engineering-Science, Inc.
7903 Westpark Drive
McLean, Virginia 22101
September 1974
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Errata sheet for EPA Report No. 75-CKO-2
Substitute leveling for the word pushing wherever it appears.
Leveling and pushing are two distinct by-product coking operations
and of the two only leveling is ot direct concern to charging emissions.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
I INTRODUCTION 1
II SUMMARY OF TEST _ 2.
Ill • PROCESS DESCRIPTION 32
IV LOCATION OF OBSERVATION POINTS 33
V PROCEDURES 35
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I
INTRODUCTION
Visible emission evaluations were performed at U.S. Steel in ^airfield,
Alabama from July 8th through 12th, 1974. Emissions were evaluated in
accordance .with E.P.A. method No. 9. Pour qualified observers, David J.
DaCrema, and John C. Yates of Engineering Science, Inc. and Reid Iversen
and John W. Brown of the Environmental Protection Agency conducted the
tests.
The facility consisted of several coke oven batteries and various :
other coke manufacturing processes. Visible emission evaluations were
made on gases venting from coke oven batteries No.5 and No.6 and their two
225 ft. combustion stacks. Each battery was comprised of 77 ovens with
each oven having 4 charging ports. The charging larry car was equipped
with" "a jumper pipe for aspiration of the oven during the charging operation.
Three observers recorded visible emissions from the charging ports
of individual coke ovens during the charging operation. A fourth observer
recorded emissions simultaneously from the coke oven combustion stack at
fifteen second intervals.
Mr. David J. DaCrema and Mr. John C. Yates attended a course in Plume
Evaluation given by the State Air Pollution Control Board of the Common-
wealth of Virginia and qualified on April 24, 1974, to record density by
the Ringleman Number and Percent Opacity techniques. Mr. DaCrema holds
certificate No. 0474705 and Mr. Yates holds No. 0474727.
-------
II
SUMMARY OF TEST
On July 8, Mr. DaCrema and "Mr. Yates met with Mr. Iversen and Mr.
Brown of the Environmental Protection Agency at the U.S. Steel plant in
Fairfield, Alabama.
The observers on,top of the coke ovens recorded the time, in seconds,
of any visible emissions issuing from the charging ports during the charging.
operation. Three times were recorded: total time of charge, from start
of charge on port #1 to end of charge on port #4; total time of visible ;
emissions occuring before the pushing operation; and total time of visible
emissions occuring during the total charge. The duration of the charging
operation was usually 3 to 4 minutes. "Visible emissions before the pushing
operation were usually below 5 seconds, with values ranging from zero to
over 100 seconds. The cumulative time of visible emissions occurring during
the total charging operation were usually from 5 to 15 seconds,- with values
ranging from as little as 1 second to as much as 360 seconds. Emissions
after the pushing operations were much heavier, especially when, at the end
of the battery, the aspirating jumper pipe could not be used. Further data
reduction for these emission tests is being performed by EPA engineers.
Observers on top of the coke ovens periodically checked port lids
and off-take pipes for leaks which resulted in visible emissions. Leaks
from the off-take pipes were more numerous, and emissions heavier, than '
from port lid leaks.
Visible emissions from the combustion stacks were recorded without
difficulty. However, on several occasions steam clouds emanating from the
quenching towers drifted into the observer's field of vision and caused the
x
readings to be omitted. The recorded data is summarized in the following
pages.
Raw data for all tests conducted throughout the week may be found in
the Appendix.
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TABLE II-l
TESTING LOG
COKE OVEN COMBUSTION STACKS
Test zz-erj
No. fc
1 ' 5
2 5
3 5
* 6
_J 6
6 6
7 6
8 - 5
9 5
10 5
H 6
12 6
13 6
14 5
_H 5
16 5
17 5
18 5
19 5
_^0 5
21 5
22 5
23 5
24 5
25 S
26 5
27 5
28 5
Date
7/8
7/8
. 7/8
7/9
7/9
7/9
7/9
7/9
7/9
7/9
7/10
7/10
7/10
7/10
7/10
7/11
7/11
7/11
7/11
7/11
7/11
7/12
7/12
7/12
7/12
p^ i"^" «^ **^^
7/12
7/12
7/12
Start
(Hrs)
1230
1340
1445
0710
0820
• . .. i
0930
1040
1215
1328 -
1442
-..
0740
0850
1000
1234
1348
• - "
0730
0835
0940
1050
1230
" ' — •
1340
0720
0830
0940
1040
1218
1330
1440
End
(Hrs)
1330
1440
1458
0810
0920
•
1030
1140
1315
1428
1457
-"• "— -
0840
0950
1100
1334
1448
0830
0935
1040
1116
1330
— —
1440
0820
0930
1040
1113
• ' — —
1318
1430
1449
Total Time
(Min)-
60
60
13
60
60
—
60
40
60
• 60
- 15
____———————
60
60
60
60
60
— — — — — — — — — —
60
60
60
26
60
—
60
60
60
60
33
1 •-
60
60
9
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EKLSSTOE
Type of Plant Coke Production i^-,. ,_,
.'Company Name U. S. Steel
'Plant Address Fairfleld, Ala. Cbs-r*-- ^
; Type of Discharge |STACK| OTHER
'. Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery //5
. Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
••Observer's Location:
*:
i Distance to Discharge Point 300 ft.
I Height of Observation Point Ground Level
f
: x-^Direction from Discharge Point SW
Bad-.ground Description blue sky, partly cloudy
Weather: Clear Overcast (Partly Cloucy
Wind Direction SE yin(= -fc.^-^
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes [No]
Color: j Black! White Other Gray
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping [Crrrrr
Lofting ! rT—gr
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 50 f~, s^
Sunmary of Observations:
_0j. .^city Aggregate Time @ Opacity Opacitrr -
0 23 min. 45 sec. 55
5 25 45 60
30 9 45 65
15 45 70
20 75
25 80
30 85
35 90
AO 95
65 100
50
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Production
Date
Test No.. 2
July 8, 1974
U.S. Steel
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation ]
Observer David Da Crema
Type of Discharge 1STACK) OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 300 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point SW.
Background Description
Clear
blue sky, partly cloudy
Weather:
Other
Overcast [Partly Cloudv_
Wind Direction SE Wind Velocity
f.
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes JNol
Color:
Color
0 -
White
Other Gray
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping jConingV Panning
Lofting ? Fumigating Other"
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
*
Summary of Observations:
50 ft. max.
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
36 min. 45 sec.
18
05
00
00
00
15
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
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SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 3
Type of Plant rnVp P-rn^nrl-i pn Date Till y R 1 97/!
Company Name n. s. Sfppl Hours of Observation
Plant Address Fairfipld, Ala.
Type of Dis.charge 1 STACK J OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point
Height of Observation Point
Direction from Discharge Point
Background Description
Weather: Clear Overcast Partly Cloudy Other Color_
Wind Direction Wind Velocity mi/hr
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes No
Color: Black White Other
4
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping Coning Fanning
Estimated Distance Plume
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time @
0 g min. 45
5 3 45
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
Lofting Fumigating Other
Visible
x
Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
sec. 55 - _ ' "
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Production
Bate
Test No. 4
July 9, 1974
U.S. Steel
Hours of Observation
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Observer David Da'Crema
Type of Discharge [STACK] OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery // 6
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point ^00 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point
NW
Background Description blue sky, partly cloudy
Weather: Clear Overcast [Partly Cloudy) Other_
Wind Direction NE ' Wind Velocity _
£
Plume Description:
Detached:
Color:
Color
0 - 5tni/hr
Yes
\Black
White
Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
*
Summary of Observations:
Looping^ 1 Coning I Fanning
Lofting I Fumigating Other
50 ft. max.
Opacity
0
5
10.
15
20
25
30
35
40
A5
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity *
min.
40
16
00
00
00
00
00
30
30
30
sec.
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
•r-'
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 5
Type of Plant
Company Name
PrnrinrMnn
Date
T...1-.T Q
U. S.
Plant Address
Fairfield. AT a
Hours of Observation
Observer nstT-;^ T\-> r,-^
....•/•. Type of Discharge |?TACTG OTHER
,-. • -i Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #6
. ..-..-^Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
: •'. .'.Observer's Location:
L'istance to Discharge Point 2QQ ft-
.Eeight of Observation Point Ground Level
< . Direction from Discharge Point ^
'. Background Description blue sky, partly cloudy
Weather:
Clear Overcast
Wind Direction
Plump Description:
Detached: Yes TNo 1
Partly Cloudy]
Other
Color
_R
JHind Velocity Q-5
mi/hr
Color: [BlackJ White
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Other
Looping^
LoftinR \
Fanning
Fumigating Other
Estimated'Distance Plume Visible 50 ft. max.
Nummary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
13
2C
25
30
35
AO
65
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity* Opacity
•'> •
Aggregate Time (g Opacity
A3 min. 00 sec.
08
03
00
00
15
15'
00
15
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 6
Type of Plant Coke Production
Company Name U. S. Steel
Late
.Tnl Q 1Q7A
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation
Observer David Ha
Type of Discharge 11STACK] OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #6
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 200 ft-.
Height of Observation Point Ground T.
Direction from Discharge Point NW
Background Description overcast sky
Weather:
Clear
Overcast
Wind Direction
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes fNoJ
Partly Cloudy Other_
"Wind Velocity _
Color
n-S
mi/hr
Color: jBlack.J White
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Other Gray
Looping
Lofting
Coning
Fanning
Other -
Estimated 'Distance Plume Visible
Summary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
.25
30
35
40
65
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
29 min. 30 sec.
12
12
5
0
0
0
45
00
15
15
0
15
Fumigating
50 ft. max.
'•-rr-
Opacity ' Aggregate Time @ Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 7
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Production
Date
.Tnlv Q 1Q7A
U. S. Steel
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation
Observer David Da
Type of Discharge STACK
OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #6
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point NW
Background Description overcast sky
Weather:
Clear {Overcast Partly Cloudy Other
Wind Direction East wind Velocity 0-5
f
i:
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes jNo 1
Color
mi/hr
Color: | Black] White
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Other Gray
Looping
Lofting
Coning] Panning
Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 50 ft. max.
Summary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
. 25
30
35
.40
65
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
33 min. 00 sec.
6 30
30
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
•'•' n
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
10
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Production
Date
Test No. 8
July 9.' 1Q7A
U. S. Steel
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation ]_
Observer John Yates
Type of Discharge [^STACK] OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 350 ft.
. -9
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point S
Background Description blue sky, partly cloudy
Weather:
Clear Overcast {Partly Cloudy] Other
Wind Direction _ W_ _ Wind Velocity
•f
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes ^No)
Color: Black White Other Gray, Brown
Color
mi/hr
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping [Coning ] Fanning
Lofting • Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 500 ft. may.
Summary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
Aggregate Time (3 Opacity
39 min. 00 sec.
20 00
1 00
Opacity "Aggregate Time @ Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
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•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 9
Type of Plant
, J. Company Name
Date July 9. 1974
U. S. Steel
Hours of Observation ]
:s riant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Observer John Yates
•v.Type of Discharge / STACK.
OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery //5
*'.:Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
VObserver's Location:
: Distance to Discharge Point 350 ft.
"Height of Observation Point Ground Level
? " Direction from Discharge Point S
Background Description blue sky, partly cloudy
Weather:
Wind Velocity
Clear Overcast [Partly Cloudy] Other_
Wind Direction SE & SW
.Plums Description:
Detached: Yes |No[
Color
0-5
mi/hr
Color: [BlackJ White Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping \ Coning \ Fanning
Estimated Distance Plume
Sundry
•Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
. 25
30
35
40
65
50
of Observations:
Aggregate Time @
26 min. 15
16 15
12 15
5 15
LoftinE ' Fumigating Other
Visible 250 ft. max.
Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
sec. 55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-------
SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant
Company Name
Date
Test No. 10
Till IT •"> 1 Q"?/.
Hours of Observation
Plant Address
Ala
Type of Discharge I STACK!
Discharge Location
OTHER
Ka<-fpr
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 350 ft.
.Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point S '".._
Background Description blue sky, patchy clouds
Clear
Weather:
Other
Overcast [Partly Cloudy
Wind Direction SE Wind Velocity
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes 1 Ko^l
Color:
_Color
5 mi/hr
White
Other
c
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping \ Coning } Fanning
Loftine Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time @
0 ^ nin. 00
10 n °°
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
Visible 200 ft. max.
s
Opacity* Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
sec. 55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
haze obscured vision for total time of 3 minutes.
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• SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 11
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Product-inn
Date .T,,I,
1Q7/1
U. S. Steel
Plant Address
Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation j_
Observer
Type of Discharge) STACK) OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #6
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 300 ft.
Bei'ght of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point N
Background Description blue sky, patchy clouds
Weather: Clear Overcast |Partly Cloudy] Other Color
Wind Direction W Wind Velocity 5-10 mi/hr
v"
Plume Description:
\
'
Detached: Yes (No]
Color:
{Black! White Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping | Coning | Fanning
Estimated Distance Planne
Summary of
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
AO
65
50
Observations:
Aggregate Time
12 min.
2
26
17
-------
SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Production
Date
Test No. 12
.Tiilv 10. 1Q7&
U. S. Steel
Plant Address
Fairfield. Ala.
Hours of Observation
ObserverJohn Yates
Type of Discharge [STACKf OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #6
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 300 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
.Direction from Discharge Point N
Background Description blue sky - patchy clouds
Weather: Clear
Overcast [Partly Cloudy] Other
Wind Direction W Wind Velocity 5-10
Plump Description:
Detached: Yes tNo]
Color
mi/hr
Color: LBlack^ [white] Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping ^Coning] Fanning
Estimated Distance Plume
Summary
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ft5
50
of Observations:
Aggregate Time @
18 min. 15
22 30
19 00
00
00
15
Lofting Fumigating Other
Visible 30° ft- ma*.
^
Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
sec. 55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
15
-------
• SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
r*.A,* ^ *- -t r*.
Type of Plant Coy0
Company Name U. S. Steel
Test No. 13
Date July 10, 1974
'Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation 1_
Observer John Yates
Type of Discharge |STACK] OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery//6
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft'
.Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 300 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
' Direction from Discharge Point N .
Background Description blue sky, patchy clouds
t
Weather:
JHind Velocity
Clear Overcast ^Partly Cloudy "] Other_
Wind Direction SW
Plune Description:
Detached: Yes iNo/
Color:
Color
5-10
mi/hr
black
White
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Other
Looping
Lofting
Coning j Fanning
Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
•
. Sunni-iry of Observations:
ft
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
20
35
40
A5
50
*7-
Aggregate Time @ Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time (jj Opacity
18 min. 45 sec.
38
3
00
00
00
00
15
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-------
• SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type Of Plant fnkp Prjirlii(-1--irm
Company Name U. S.
Date
Test No. 14
T.i TIT ID 1Q7/,
Plant Address Fairfield. Ala.
Hours of Observation
Observer TnV>T, Va,.oe
Type of Discharge fSTACKj OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 350 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point S
Background Description partly rlnnrfy
Weather: Clear Overcast
Partly Cloudyj Other_
Color
Wind Direction
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes JNo /
Color:
SW
Wind Velocity
-i n
mi/hr
Black j White Other Brown
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Looping
Lofting
ConingJ Fanning
Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
Summary of Observations:
200 ft. max.
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
. 25
30
35
40
65
50
- • r+ '
Aggregate Time @ Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
31 min. 45 sec.
20
6
1
15
00
45
00
15
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-------
-SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 15
Type of Plant Coke Production Date July 10, 1974
Company Name U' S' Steel Hours of Observation J_
Plant Address Fairfield> Ala. Observer John Yates
Type of Discharge I STACK] OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery //5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 350 ft.
Height of Observation Point CJrmmH T.
Direction from Discharge Point s
Background Description blue sky - patchv clouds
Weather: Clear Overcast j Partly Cloudy | Other Color_
Wind Direction W Wind Velocity Q-S mi/hr
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes mo1
Color:! Black 1 White Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping [Coningj Fanning
Lofting - Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 200 ft. max.
^
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time g Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
0 41 rain. 00 sec. 55
5 19 00 60
10 65
15 70
20 75
.25 80
30 85
35 90
40 95
65 100
50
18
-------
• SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 16
Type of Plant Coke Production
Company Name n. q
Date July 11, 1974
Hours of Observation
Plant Address Tra-tyf-f»-M AT
Observer David Da Creroa
Type of Discharge [jSTACK f OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
" ~* f
Direction from Discharge Point E
Background Description blue sky
Weather: f Clearj Overcast
Wind Direction NE
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes
Partly Cloudy Other_
Wind Velocity
Color
0-5
mi/hr
Color: IBlackl [.White I
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Other
Looping
Lofting
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
Summary of Observations:
fCoolngl Fanning
! Fumigating Other
50 ft. max.
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
33 min. 00 sec.
25
1
45
00
15
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
^•-—
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
19
-------
• SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 17
Type of Plant
Coup any Name
i
'Plant Address
Prr>riiirt"i nn
Date
11 1-Q7/,
U. S. Steel
Fairfield. Ala.
Hours of Observation
Observer riat
n
Type of Discharge
STACK
OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
.' Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point _E
' Background Description blue sky
Weather: j Clear { Overcast Partly Cloudy Other
Wind Direction W Wind Velocity 0-5
Plume Description:
Detached: I7es| fflol
Color
mi/hr
Color:
Plume
[ Black 1 \ White
Dispersion Behavior:
4
Other
Looping |npn^r|p / Fanning
Loftine ' Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
Sunmary of
• Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
Observations :
•• r-' '
Aggregate Time @ Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
35 min. 15 sec. 55
18 45
6 00
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-------
Type of Plant
•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Test No. 18
July 11, 1974
Company Name U. S. Steel
Plant Address Fairfield. Ala.
Hours of Observation
Observer nair-id na rvp
Type of Discharge | STACK J OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery //5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point E
Background Description blue sky - partly cloudy
Weather: Clear Overcast {Partly Cloudy] Other Color
Wind Direction W Wind Velocity 0-5 mi/hr
Plume Description:
i
Detached: fTes] fRo~)
Color:
Black
LWhite I
Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Estiiaated Distance Plume Visible 50 ft. max.
Looping
Lofting
[Coning J Fanning
1 Fumigating Other
Summary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
A5
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity * Opacity
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
31 min. 15 sec.
11
2
7
15
15
15
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-------
•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS Test No> 19
Type Of Plant nnVp PrnHiirl-inn Date f.ily 11 ^ 1Q7Z.
Company Name U. S. Sfepl Hours of Observation ?& TO-fn
Plant Address Fairfield. Ala. Observer pair-id pa
Type of Discharge I STACK 1 OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 300 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point E
Background Description cloudy sky
Weather: Clear Overcast [Partly Cloudvf Other Color_
Wind Direction NW Wind Velocity 5-10 mi/hr
•.'
Plume Description:
<
Detached: fYpst iNo 1
Color: tB'iackl JWhJtfJ Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping fconinp 1 Fanning
Lofting ' Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
• f
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
0 15 min. 45 sec. 55
5 10 15 60
10 65
15 70
20 75
25 80
30 85
35 90
40 95
65 100
-------
• SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 20
Type of Plant Coke Production
Company Name U. S. Steel
Date July 11.' 1974
Hours of Observation
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Observer David Da "Creroa
Type of Discharge
OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft-
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point
Height of Observation Point
ft-
Direction from Discharge Point
Background Description partly rlnudy
Weather:
Clear Overcast (Partly CloudyT Other_
Wind Direction NW Wind Velocity
Plume Description:
Detached: fYes] [No 1
Color
mi/hr
Color:
{White
Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Looping
Lofting
JConing Fanning
Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 100 ft. max.
4
Summary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
38
21
min.
15 sec.
15
15
15
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
23
-------
Type of Plant
•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Test No. 21
T.ll IT 1 1
Q1A.
Company Name n. S.
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation j_
Observer David T)a
Type of Discharge STACK
OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 300 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point S
Background Description
Weather:
partly cloudy sky
Clear Overcast [Partly Cloudy} Other_
Wind Direction NW Wind Velocity _
£
Plume Description:
Detached: PVes 1 [No" 1
Color
5-10 mi/hr
Color: fBlackJ (White,! Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping (Cooing] Fanning
Lofting ' Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
Summary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
54 min. 45 sec.
5 15
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
-------
•SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant Coke Production
Date
Test No. 22
Jnlv V?. 1Q74
Company Name U. S. Steel
Plant Address Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation j_
Observer David Da r.i
Type of Discharge ^STACK} OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point S
Background Description overcast sky
Weather: Clear \ Overcast ]
Wind Direction SW
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes t No/
Partly Cloudy Other
Wind Velocity 0-5
Color
mi/hr
Color: iBlackJ White
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Other
Looping
Lofting
{Coning\ Fanning
Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
Summary of Observations:
Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
. 25
30
35
40
65
50
Aggregate Time @ Opacity * Opacity
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
25 min. 45 sec.
32 15
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
25
-------
-SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS Test No> 23
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Production
Date July 12. '1Q74
U. S. Steel
Plant Address
Fairfield. Ala.
Hours of Observation' i
Observer David T>a
Type of Discharge QJTACKJ OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery _//5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point E
Background Description Overcast sky
Weather: Clear [^Overcast I Partly Cloudy Other_
Wind Direction S Wind Velocity
i
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes [No 1
Color:
Color
0-5
mi/hr
( Black) White
Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping /Coning ~] Fanning
Lofting ! Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
50 ft. max.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
45 min. 45 sec.
13 30
45
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Aggregate Time (jj Opacity
-------
SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 24
Type of Plant
Company Name
Plant Address
*r\ \r a Pyf
Date
T..1 -, IP 1 ni /.
n
Hours of Observation
Ala.
Type of Disdharge (STACKJ
Discharge Location
OTHER
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point E "~
Background Description overcast sky
Weather: Clear [Overcast Partly Cloudy Other_
Wind Direction S__ Wind Velocity
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes LUaJ
Color: (Blary) White Other
Color
0-5
nd/hr
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 50 ft. max.
Looping
Lofting
I Conine 1 Fanning
Fumigating Other
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity*
0
5
10
13
20
25
30
35
40
A5
50
26 min. ^5 sec.
29 30
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
27
-------
SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant
Company Name
Plant Address
Pi-prliir t~ i' nn
Date
Test No. 25
T,,1ir 19 1Q7/,
U. S. Steel
Hours of Observation
Fairfield. Ala.
Type of Distharge ^STACRJ OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 225 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
_Direction from Discharge Point E
Background Description overcast sky
Weather: Clear [Overcast)
Wind Direction
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes ffioj
Color: Black White Other
Partly Cloudy Other_
Wind Velocity _
Color
mi/hr
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping rConjji£_J Fanning
^^ f
Estimated Distance Plume
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time @
0 25 min. 3^5
5 7 45
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
65
50
LottinE Fumigating Other
Visible
*
Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
sec. 55 . ,_ '
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
28
-------
SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Test No. 26
Type of Plant
Company Name
Coke Production
Date July 12, 1974
U. S. Steel
Plant Address
Fairfield, Ala.
Hours of Observation
Observer-Tr, ]-,,-, v^toc
Type of Discharge ISTACK ^ OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Baffpry #S
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point350 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point s
Background Description blue sky - patchy clouds
Weather:
Clear Overcast
Wind Direction
Plump Description:
Detached: Yes fNo j
Color: f Black I White
[Partly Cloud-y} Other_
N Wind Velocity
Color
mi/hr
Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior:
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 100 ft. max.
Lo oping
Lofting
Coning \ Fanning
Fumigating Other
Summary of Observations:
Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
A5
50
21
min. -ic sec.
45
Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Aggregate Time @ Opacity
29
-------
SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS Test No. 27
Type of Plant Cchc Prcducticn Date
July 12, 107 ft
Company Name u. _ g_. St^eel HOUTB of Observation
Plant Address Fairfield. Ala Observerjohn Yates
Type of Discharge (STACK) OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery #5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 350 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level -
Direction from Discharge Point S -- '
Background Description blue sky - patchy clouds
Weather: Clear Overcast [Partly Cloudy} Other Color_
Wind Direction N Wind Velocity 5 mi/hr
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes fNo)
Color: fBlackJ White Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping 1 Coning] Fanning
Lofting Fumigating Other
c Estimated Distance Plume Visible 50 ft. max.
Summary of Observations: *
Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
0 58 min. 45 sec. 55
5 • 1 15 60
10 65
15 . 70
20 75
25 80
30 85
35 90
40 95
A5 100
50
30
-------
SUMMARY
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS Test No> 28
Type Of Plant _ Coke Prndiirfion _ Date Tnl
Company Name _ U. S. S^eel _ Hours of Observation q
Plant Address _ Fairfield. Ala. _ Observer.Tnhn
Type of Discharge fSTACKl OTHER
Discharge Location Coke Oven Battery //5
Height of Point of Discharge 225 ft.
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point 350 ft.
Height of Observation Point Ground Level
Direction from Discharge Point S "
Background Description blue sky - patchy clouds
Weather: Clear Overcast jPartly Cloudy{ Other Color_
Wind Direction N Wind Velocity 5 mi/hr
Plume Description:
Detached: Yes { NoJ
Color: Lfilackl White Other
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping I Cnnfln6J Fanning
Lofting ' Fumigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible 50 ft. max.
Summary of Observations: '
Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity Opacity Aggregate Time @ Opacity
0 7 min. 00 sec. 55
5 2 15 60
10 65
15 70
20 75
25 80
30 85
35 90
40 95
65 100
50
31
-------
Ill
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Technical data regarding the process description and process rates
was recorded by the E.P.A. officers during the test.
-------
IV
LOCATION OF OBSERVATION POINTS
During the coke oven charging operations, the observers were located
on top of the ovens approximately 20 ft. on either side of the oven being
charged, depending upon best visual contact with emission sources. Emissions
m
resulting from port lid leaks and off-take pipe leaks were also observed
and recorded from atop the coke ovens. Wind direction and speed was not
a factor in the observation of the ovens since only the time of visible
emissions was being recorded. '
For viewing emissions from the combustion stacks, the observer
chose a position approximately 300 feet from the base of the stack such
that two conditions were met; the sunlight .was from behind him and the
wind direction was perpendicular to his line of sight. When this position
did not exist, the observer chose an optimum position which met the above
conditions as closely as possible. Figure IV-1 shows the relative position
of the observer.
-------
RELATIVE LOCATION OF OBSERVATION) POINTS
^OBSERVATION POINT
X \
x \
\
X
X
X
COMBUSTION STACK
\
N
H B
OFFTAKE STAND PIPES
0 • •
\ * °
• \« •
• *X v*
CHARGING PORTS
\ BATTERY
OFFTAKE STAND PIPES
X COMBUSTION STACK
X
]to
^
CHARGING PORTS * * */
BATTERY #6
\
\
\
/
\
O
OBSERVATION POINT
o
:»
<
I
-------
y
PROCEDURES
The method used by the observers on the coke ovens was to observe
any visible emissions issuing from around the charging ports and hoppers
during the charging operation and record the time of these emissions. Two
cumulative stopwatches were used to record the total time of the charge,
total time of visible emissions before the pushing operation, and total time
of all visible emissions occurring during the charging operation.
Observers frequently made checks for visible emissions issuing from1
leaks around port lids and off-take pipes. No timing was done here; only
the number of each type of leak occurring was recorded.
For recording visible emissions on the combustion stack, observers used
a draft revision to Method 9, "Visual Determination of the Opacity of
Emissions for Stationary Sources", dated March 7, 1974. The draft of the
revisions was distributed at the EMB Contractor meeting, May 24, 1974.
35
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