EMB PROJECT REPORT NO. 75-VCL-2
CD
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL COMPANY
Carson, California
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina
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SET 2526 02 0175
Vinyl Chloride Testing Conducted at ttv
American Chemical Company
Carson, California,
WithfSupplemental Method Evaluation?
EMB Project Report No. 75-VCL-2
Prepared for:
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
EPA Contract 68-02-1400, Task No. 8
January 6, 1975
by
Warren C. Kelly
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2600 Cajon Boulevard
San Bernardino, California 92411
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SET 2526 02 0175
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Summary and Discussion of Results
3.0 Process Description and Operation
4.0 Location of Sampling Points . . .
5.0 Sampling and Analytical Procedures
Page Number
1-1
2-1
3-1
4-1
5-1
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently under-
taken the task of establishing a test procedure and performance standards
for vinyl chloride emissions from stationary sources. A performance
standard is a standard for emissions of air pollutants which reflect the
best emission reduction systems that have been adequately demonstrated
taking into account economic considerations.
In pursuing this task, Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., was
contracted by the EPA to perform source sampling tests at the American
Chemical Company, Carson, California, during the week of October 9, 1974.
The purpose of the tests was to obtain background data for development
of national new source performance standards in the vinyl chloride industry.
Data was collected in three areas:
0 Evaluation of proposed vinyl chloride test procedure
o Vinyl chloride emissions' to the atmosphere
o Efficiency of emission reduction systems employed
Data was collected at American Chemical Company's Vinyl Chloride
Monomer Plant. Process exhaust gasses are passed through a caustic scrubber,
burned in an incinerator and pass through a water scrubber prior to venting
to the atmosphere. The vinyl chloride test procedure used was "Tentative
Method for the Determination of Vinyl Chloride from Stationary Sources."
dated September 4, 1974. Gas samples were collected before and after
the incinerator and at the exit of the water scrubber. Water samples were
collected at the inlet and outlet of the water scrubber.
Moisture determinations were made using EPA Method 4 at each gas
sampling location. Determinations of total chloride and chlorine
content were made at the gas outlet of the incinerator and water scrubber
and at the water inlet and outlet of the water scrubber. Oxides1of nitrogen
content of gas exiting the scrubber to the atmosphere were made using EPA
Method 7.
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SET 2526 02 0175
The test team was comprised of two EPA representatives and six
Scott employees. Six complete tests were performed. The test equipment
was set up on October 7, 1974, and tests were performed on October 7, 8
and 9, 1974.
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2.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
This section is divided into four sub-sections, Section 2,1
presents vinyl chloride emission results as well as results from
addition tests conducted at each sample point. Section 2.2 presents
the results of a vinyl chloride degration study conducted. Section
2.3 presents calibration data along with the results of a subsequent
reanalysis of the vinyl chloride samples, and Section 2.4 presents a
discussion of the mass spectrometer analysis conducted on several samples,
2,1 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
A summary of the test results from sample points A, B and
C (C1) are presented in Tables 2,1, 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. A
second summary in terms of Kg/hr. with emission levels at points B and
C corrected to 10 percent oxygen equivalent is presented in Table 2.4.
Results are presented in both British and Metric Units. Test results
of water samples collected at sample points D, D1 and E are presented
in Table 2.5.
As indicated in Tables 2,1 through 2.3, supplemental tests
(moisture, chlorine and total chloride, and NO ) were conducted, once
A
per day, during vinyl chloride tests 1, 3 and 5. It was not decided
until the second day of testing to test for chlorine and total
chlorides at sample point B.
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10/7
2
10/8
3
10/8
4
10/8
5
10/9
6
10/9
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SET 2526 02 0175
TABLE 2.1
Summary of Results
Sample Point A
Entrance to Incinerator
BRITISH UNITS
Run Number
Date (1974)
Volumetric Flow Rate -
DSCFMU' 22.02 26,03 23.29 14.78 45.74 59.56
Percent Mositure by
Volume 14.1 25.0 11.4
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration - % 4.26 26.40 17.50 8.71 1.33 2.43
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration - 71.3 441.6 292.2 145.6 22.2 40.6
x 10~6 lbs/ft3 . . . ,;:..
Vinyl Chloride Emissions 9.42 68.93 40.77 12.92 6.11 14.49
Ibs/hr
METRIC UNITS
Run Number 1 2, 3 4 5 6
Date (1974) 10/7 10/8 10/8 10/8 10/9 10/9
VolumetricvFlow Rate
NmJ/hr.U; 37.4 44.2 39.5 25.1 77.7 101.1
Percent Moisture by
Volume 14.1 25.0 11.4
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration - % 4.26 26.40 17.50 8.71 1.33 2.43
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration -
gms/m 114.2 707.3 468.0 233.3 35.6 65.0
Vinyl Chloride
Emissions, Kg/hr. 4.27 31.26 . 18.49 5.86 2.77 6.57
' 'Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 70° F. and 29.92 in. Hg.
(2)
Dry normal cubic meters per minute at 21.1° F. and 760 mm Hg.
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TABLE 2.2
Summary of Results
Sample Point B
Incinerator Exit
BRITISH UNITS
Run Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Date (1974) 10/7 10/8 10/8 10/8 10/9 10/9
Percent Moisture by
Volume 5.0 3.0 7.8
Chlorine Concentration -
ppm U; 18.34 1.04
Chlorine Concentration ->
Ibs/Hr. U; 0.2626 0.0214
Total Chloride ...
Concentration - ppm 6.42 0.35
Total Chloride ,_.
Concentrations - Ibs/ r 0.0945 0.0074
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration - ppm <0.5 2.0 1.4 15.0 1.6 2.7
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration -
x 10-9 Ibs/ft3 <0.84 3.26 2.36 25.12 2.64 4.51
Vinyl Chloride __
"Emissions, Ibs/hr;- <0.013~~ -0.049... 0.037 0.390 ~ 0.060 0.101
It is assumed the chlorine concentrations are in error due to the
fact they are greater than total chloride concentration (see page 12 of
Appendix G-II).
(2)
Flow data from point C was used for calculations at point B.
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2-4
TABLE 2.2 (cont'd.)
Summary of Results
Sample Point B
METRIC UNITS
Run Number 1
Date (1974) 10/7
Percent Moisture by
Volume 5.0
Chlorine Concentration -
ppm
Chlorine Concentration *•
gms/hr (2)
Total Chloride f .
Concentration - ppm
Total Chloride
Concentration - gms/hr ' '
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration - ppm <0.5
Vinyl Chloride
Concentration - mg/m3 <1.34
""Vinyl Chloride ' - "~
Emissions y Kg/hr... <&.006
2 3
10/8 10/8
3.0
18.34
119.12
6.42
45.87
2.0 1.4
5.2 3.8
0.022 0.017.
4 5
10/8 10/9
7.8
1.04
9.71
0.35
3.36
15.0 1.6
40.2 4.2
0.177 .._ 0.027
6
10/9
2.7
7.2
0.046
It is assumed the chlorine concentrations are in error due to the
fact they are greater than total chloride concentration (see page 12 of
Appendix G~II).
(2)
Flow data from point C was used for calculations at point B,
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES. INC.
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TABLE 2.3
Summary of Results
Sample Point C
Water Scrubber Exit to Atmosphere
BRITISH UNITS
Run Number
,(1)
.(2)
(2)
1
10/7
2598
9.06
7.6
23.09
0.3318
17.35
0.256
15.90
0.296
34.7
58.0
0.906
N/R
N/R
N/R
2 3
10/8 10/8
2588 2588
9.06
7.7
39.85
0.5704
38.06
0.560
68.50
1.271
24.3 34.7
40.6 58.0
0.632 0.902
30.0 27.0
50.3 45.1
0.781 0.699
4 5
10/8 10/9
2588 3719
13.47
7.7
9.28
0.1909
6.90
0.146
81.50
2.172
35.2 0.6
58.8 1.0
0.915 0.022
4.5 <0.5
7.5 <0.8
0.117 <0.017
6
10/9
6315
6.4
10.7
0.217
<0.5
<0.8
<0.017
Date (1974)
Volumetric Flow Rate - DSCFM
Velocity - ft/sec
Percent Moisture by Volume
Chlorine Concentration - ppm
Chlorine Emissions - Ibs/hr
Total Chloride Concentration - ppm
Total Chloride Emissions - Ibs/hr
NO Concentration - ppm
NO Emissions - Ibs/hr
Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
ppm (PT.C)
Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
x 10-9 ibs/ft3 (PT.C)
Vinyl Chloride Emissions -
Ibs/hr (PT.C)
Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
ppm (PT.C1)
Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
x 10-9 lbs/ft3 (PT.C1)
Vinyl Chloride Emissions -
Ibs/hr (PT.C1)
(1) Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 70° F. and 29.92 in. Hg.
(2) It is assumed the chlorine concentrations are in error due to the fact they are greater
than total chloride concentration (see page 12 of Appendix G—II.)
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TABLE 2.3 (cont'd.)
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SCOTT RESEARCH
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Summary or Results
Sample Point C
METRIC UNITS
Run Number
Date (1974)
3 (1)
Volumetric Flow Rate - Nm /hr
Velocity - M/sec
Percent Moisture by Volume
(2)
Chlorine Concentration - ppm
Chlorine Emissions - gms/hr
(2)
Total Chloride Concentration - ppm
Total Chloride - Emissions - gms/hr
NO Concentration - ppm
x KF
NO Emissions - gms/hr
1
10/7
4411
2.76
7.6
23.09
150.50
17.35
116.12
15.90
134.27
234
10/8 10/8 10/8
4394 4394 4394
2.76
7.7
39.85
258.73
38.06
254.02
68.50
576.53
5 6
10/9 10/9
6315 6315
4.11
7.7
9.28
86.59
6.90
66.23
81.50
985.22
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Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
ppm (PT.C)
Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
mg/m3 (PT.C)
Vinyl Chloride Emissions - Kg/hr
Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
ppm (PT.C1)
Vinyl Chloride Concentration -
mg/m3 (PT.C1)
Vinyl Chloride Emissions - Kg/hr
(1)
34.7
92.9
0.410
N/R
N/R
N/R
24.3
65.0
0.286
30.0
80.5
0.354
34.7
92.9
0.408
27.0
72.2
0.317
35.2
94.2
0.414
4.5
12.0
0.053
0.6
1.6
0.010
<0.5
<1.34
<0.008
6.4
17.2
0.098
<0.5
<1.34
<0.008
Dry normal cubic meters per minute at 21.1° C. and 760 mm Hg.
(2)
It is assumed the chlorine concentrations are in error due to the fact they are greater
than total chloride concentrations (see page 12 of Appendix G—II).
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SAMPLE POINT
Vinyl
A
TABLE 2
Chloride Concentrations Before
Points B and C Corrected to 10
Incinerator Inlet
" Date
o Run Sampled
No. (1974)
1 10/7
2 10/8
3 10/8
4 10/8
5 10/9
6 10/9
NM3/
hr(D
37.4
41.2
39.5
25.1
77.4
101
VC.
4.26
26.40
17.50
8.71
1.33
2.43
vc,
kg/
hr
4.27
31.26
18.49
5.86
2.77
6.57
SAMPLE POINT
.4
and After Incinerator-Scrubber
Percent Oxygen Equivalent
•B
Incinerator Outlet/Scrubber Inlet
NM3/
hr(D
4411
4394
4394
4394
6315
6315
• -
VC,
PPM %02
0.5 10.7
2.0 10.2
1.4 9.79
15.0 9.96
1.6 10.2
2.7 10.2
vc,
PPM @
10% 00
0.5.
1.99
1.4
14.9
1.6
2.8
vc,
kg/
hr
0.005
0.022
0.016
0.171
0.026
0.044
NM3/
hrCD
4411
4394
4394
4394
6315
6315
SAMPLE POINT C
Scrubber Outlet
VC,
VC, PPM @
PPM %00 10% 00
34.7 10.5 ... 36.4
24.3 10.2 24.8
34.7 9.79 34.0
35.2 10.3 36.2
0.6 10.2 0.6
6.4 10.2 6.5
VC
kg/hr
0.398
0.278
0.396
0.402
0.010
0.105
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(1) Dry normal cubic meters per hour at 21.1° C. and 760 mm Hg.
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SET 2526 02 0175
TABLE 2.5
Summary of Results
Sample Points D, D' and .E ^ '
Vinyl Chloride Runsv ' ^ HCL Run
Sample Point 1 2, 3,4 5,6
Date (1974) 10/7 10/8 10/9 10/8 10/9
Total Chlorides - ppm D 6205 475 548 365 1095
D' 1825 1643 1825 2008 3103
E 9673 10,403 14,235 8213 5475
No chlorine was detected in the water samples,
No vinyl chloride was detected in the water samples.
Sample Points D and D' - water to scrubber
Sample Point E - scrubber discharge water
(2)
Integrated Samples
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2.2 VINYL CHLORIDE DEGRATION STUDY
Several samples collected underwent a degration study. This
involved analyzing each sample in its original sampling container at
periodic intervals. Results of each analysis are presented in Table
2.6.
2.3 CALIBRATION DATA AND SUBSEQUENT SAMPLE REANALYSIS
2.3.1 Calibration Data
Each day vinyl chloride samples were to be analyzed, five
vinyl chloride standards were made up (Section 7 of Appendix G-I).
Concentrations of the five standards were 1, 10, 100, 1000
and 5000 ppm. Available also as calibration standards were three
high pressure cylinders of vinyl chloride in nitrogen which had
previously been analyzed for vinyl chloride by the National Bureau
of Standards (NBS). The results of this analysis by NBS were.Cylinder 1-
0.883 t 0.044 ppm; Cylinder 2 - 40.6 ± 1.2.ppm; and, Cylinder 3 -
874 i 15 ppra. These cylinders were periodically analyzed during the
vinyl chloride analyses; however, all vinyl chloride results reported
in Section 2,1 are based on the calibration bag standards.
Three discrepanices were noted during the first set of vinyl
chloride and calibration analyses: (1) hang up could occur if samples
of markedly different concentrations were analyzed back to back. This
was attributed to the lack of a heated sample loop which was corrected
jfor the subsequent reanalyses reported in Section 2.3.2, (2) An
incorrect amount of nitrogen was being metered into the calibration
bags. It was determined that 8.19 liters of nitrogen were being used
as opposed to 5.0 liters as specified in the test procedure. All data
presented in the report have been corrected. This discrepancy was
corrected for. the reanalyses reported in Section 2.3.2.
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(3) A "Chromosorb 102" GC column was not available during the first
day of analysis (10/8/74). As a substitute, a "Porapak" column was
used which gave adequate separation,
An analysis was conducted to determine the advantage, if any,
in using a least mean square fit of the calibration data instead of
the 5000 ppm or 1000 ppm (NBS) calibration standard to reduce sample
results. The term M (slope) in the least mean square fit equation
Yi * mXi was evaluated where Y = nominal standard concentration and
Xi= area of standard peak (counts) .
Three sets of data were analyzed:
10/14/74 Bag Standards
Xi
Yi
1
1553
10
1458
"100
7800
1000
64786
5000
384,303
M - 46.64
Y5000/X5000 = 46.92
'Difference = +0,6%
10/21/74 Bag Standards
Xi 1 1 10 I •'.. 10 10 . 100 100 1000 5000
Yi 29,648 27,735 115,736.58,542 116,414 122 ,.314 123,774 100,504 5,278,314
:M = 643.4
Y5000/X5000 =644.5
Difference = +0.2%
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10/21/74 Bag Standards
Xi 1 50 50 1000 1000
Yi 1187 50,338 49,769 1,001,680 1,007,272
M P 1004
) = 1007
Difference = + 0.3%
Y1000/X1000 = 1007
As a result of these small differences, only the 5000 ppm
bag calibration standard was used to reduce vinyl chloride results,
2.3,2 Subsequent Sample Reanalysis
As a result of the large variation in the initial calibration
data and the discovery that the sample loop should be heated, it was
decided that a reanalysis of each sample should be conducted with
additional calibration data being collected. Each sample was assessed
with respect to both a second set of calibration bag standards as well
as the NBS calibration standards. Nitrogen blanks were run during samples
and calibrations of distinctively different concentrations to eliminate
any hang up of vinyl chloride. Samples were either retained in their
original sample container, or a vacuum flask was filled with sample.
The results .of the second analysis were considered to be more consistent
and subsequently used in the data presented in Section 2.1. Results of
all analyses conducted are presented in Appendix A.
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Sample No.
1C
5A
5C
6A
6C
Date of First
Analysis (1974)
TABLE 2.6
Summary of Degration Results
Day 0
10/9
10/10
10/10
10/10
10/10
» — — .BiB™^—
22.4
12,800
3.1
17,700
3.4
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Sample Analysis (ppm)
Day 2 Day 4 Day 5
696.0(1) 16.8
8,500
17:7/23.
15,300
0.0
Day 11 Day 18 Day 19
16.6
11,000
10.4
15,300
3.1
18.0
3.7
M
NJ
(1)
May be-results of no sample loop heating.
(2)
Results of two analyses.
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TABLE 2.7
Calibration Bag Standards (Integrator Counts)
Second Analysis
5000 ppm
Date . Counts
xlO"3
11/15 1,920
1,950
11/20 2,020
2,020
11/21 2,200
2,230
11/24 1,940
1,940
1000 ppm
Date Counts
xlO~3
11/15 453
448
450
462
420
422
11/20 466
470
11/21 434
425
11/24 384
390
100 ppm
Date Counts
xlO"3
11/15 56.7
55.8
49.8
49.8
11/20 52.9
57.9
53.9
11/21 54.2
54.2
11/24 48.6
47.0
10 ppm
Date Counts
xlO"3
11/15 45.8
47.1
11/20 .423
1.464
.523
1.640
.994
.994
11/21 6.200
6.000
11/24 5.380
S.fi7n
1
1 ppm
Date Counts.
xlO"3
11/15 11.5
10.8
11/20 0.312
0.312
11/21 0.340
0.755
0.330
11/24 0.483
0.567
0.600
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SET 2526 02 0175
2.3.3 Subsequent Standards Investigation
As a result of inconsistencies noted in calibration standards
during testing, an investigation was conducted to attempt to resolve
these inconsistencies. In preparation of this investigation, the
following action was taken:
°A new cylinder of pure vinyl chloride was obtained.
°The calibration bag evacuation technique was checked to
verify complete evacuation was occuring.
°New calibration bags were obtained.
"The flow meter used to meter five liters of nitrogen
was calibrated.
\
°A bag, after being filled with five liters of nitrogen,
was evacuated through a wet test meter and found to
vary an average of less than 0.4 percent from five liters.
A total of 19 tests were conducted. Each test consisted of
repeated injections of one of three standards:
°NBS high pressure cylinder of either 40.6 ppm or 874
ppm vinyl chloride in nitrogen standard injected directly
into chromatograph.
°NBS standards transferred into tedlar bag prior to being
injected into chromatograph.
°50 and 1000 ppm vinyl chloride standard in nitrogen
prepared in accordance with procedure.
Summary results of the 19 tests conducted are presented in
Table 2.8 with complete results presented in Appendix D. One calibration
bag previously filled with 874 ppm vinyl chloride in nitrogen was evacuated
and refilled with nitrogen. Analysis of the bag contents after 14 hours
at room temperature indicated a vinyl chloride content of approximately
1 ppm.
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Run //
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
TABLE 2.8
Summary of Standards Investigation
Standard Type and
Concentration (ppm)
NBS NBS Bag Bag
40.6
874
40.6
A0.6
874
N2(Bottle)
40.6
N,
40.6
874
40.6
40.6
874
40.6
40.6
874
Average GC ..
Area (Counts)
50
50
1000
111,989
2,637,763
117,533
118,616
110,782
2,686,327
2905=1 ppm
0
121,208
163,167
160,511
3,335,252
2,858,007
113,156
119,963
117,582
120,736
2,776,128
2,749,745
Number of
Injections'
6
5
3
2
4
3
2
3
3
3
3
4
2
5
A
2
2
2
Max. Deviation
From Average (%)
1.3
6.4
8.5
4.0
5.6
6.4
48.6
,8
,8
6.3
1.8
3.9
0.8
10.3
2.0
1.7
0.7
1.1
Counts per
ppm
2758.3
3018.0
2894.9
2921.6
2728.6
3073.6
2985.4
3263.3
3210.2
3335.3
3270.0
2787.1
2954.8
2896.1
2973.8
3176.3
3146.2
N>
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Corrected to 760 mm Hg. pressure and 25° C.
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SET 2526 02 0175
2.4 MASS SPECTROMETER ANALYSIS
Following gas chromatograph analysis of each A sample,
the suspected vinyl chloride peak was analyzed using a mass
spectrometer for positive identification of vinyl chloride. In
each case, the suspected vinyl chloride peak was positively identified
as vinyl chloride and composed of only vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride
levels in the B, C and Cf samples were too low for mass spectrometer
analysis.
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3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
A total of 21 vents are combined to make the waste gas stream.
Two of the largest of these vents are from the EDC direct chlorination
reactor and the ethylene chloride reactor Csee Figure 3.1), Upsets in
the operation of these reactors can be detecetd by the air loading on
the pressure control valves. Data point A is the air pressure on the
EDC reactor vent." The valve is air to close, 3-15 pounds per square
inch gauge (PSIG). Data point B is the air pressure on the ethylene
chloride reactor vent. The valve is air to open, 3-15 PSIG.
The combined streams were measured at J with a type 710, two
inch Ellison Annubar. Pressure differential was measured in inches of
water with a Vol-0-Flo magnetic pressure cell. A sample of the inlet
gas stream was made at point 1 and the sampling rate at point 1 was
proportional to the flow measured at J.
The incinerator-boiler was a modified Dixon Firetube (20' x
6') rated at 10,000 pounds of steam an hour (Ibs/hr) at 250 pounds per
square inch gauge. During this test the steaming rate was set at
7,500 Ibs/hr. As the heat content of the waste gas went up and down,
natural gas was added automatically to maintain this steaming rate. It
was, therefore, possible to detect major changes in the composition of
the vent gas by observing the natural gas valve position and the draft
air valve position. The natural gas valve position was recorded as
data point E (as percent open) and the draft air valve position was
recorded as data point F (as percent open). The boiler steaming
rate was recorded as data point C, and the boiler pressure was recorded
as data point D.
A sample of the flue gas was taken at point 2. It was not
possible to measure flow at this location.
The flue gas scrubber was a packed column, 54 inches in diameter
and 40 feet high, The hot gas was cooled in a quench section of the
scrubber by city water. Two Vee Jet 3/8 UNC 50 60 nozzles sprayed the
water into the gas stream. A sample of this steam was taken at point 5,
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
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SET 2526 02 0175
and the pressure on the nozzles was taken as data point G. From information
provided with the nozzles the total flow from the two nozzles was estimated
to be 15 gallons a minute,
The scrubbing water for the column was taken from a waste water
sump^ A level control device maintained a level in the sump by regulating
the water to the top of the scrubber (valve a on diagram). During periods
of high waste water flow valve b also opened and allowed water to bypass
the column directly to the sump to waste treatment. Valve a was air to
open 3-15 PSIG, valve b was air to open 6-30 PSIG. The air loading to
these two valves was recorded as data point I, the pressure on the
discharge of the pump as data point H. The pH of the waste water stream
was recorded as data point K, and a sample of the water stream was taken
.at point 4. Flow at point 4 was estimated by the plant engineer to be
75 gallons per minute. The water effluent from the scrubber was sampled
at point 6.
The exit gas from the scrubber was measured by traverse and
sampled at point 3.
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL
INCINERATOR TEST
OCTOBER 7, 8, 9, 1974
Data Points A etc.
Sample Points 1. etc.
ro
O
o
19 other
vents
EDC
vent
a
air
natural
8as TS-
steam to
plant
A to atmosphere
Boiler
Fire
Box
chloride
vent
two
Vee jet
nozzles
city
water
CO
U)
to waste treatment
Figure 3.1
waste water from plant
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SET 2526 02 0175
4.0 LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
The exhaust gas from the vinyl chloride monomer operation passed
through a caustic scrubber, incinerator and water scrubber before exiting
to the atmosphere. To facilitate testing, an exhaust stack was fabricated
and installed on the exit of the water scrubber. Exhaust gas was sampled
at four points:
o Sample Point A - Inlet to Incinerator
» Sample Point B - Inlet to Water Scrubber
» Sample Point C - Exit to Water Scrubber
« Sample Point C'- Exit to Water Scrubber
Sample Points C and C1 were located at the same sample location
and were intended to determine variability in sample collection and testing.
In addition to the exhaust gas samples collected, three water
samples were collected:
o Sample Point D - Inlet to Scrubber - by product process
water from monomer plant
o Sample Point D'- Inlet to Scrubber - city water
o Sample Point E - Water Exit to Water Scrubber
Figure 4.1 details each point sampled during testing. Figure
4,2 shows the location within the stack of sample points, C and C1 ,
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES. INC.
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r>
o
50
W
t/i
M
SO
n
D5
t"
03
O
SB
O
2
M
y
N4
z
rt
9
Sampling Point
Stack
Caust
Lc
scrubbers
Air
Natural Gas
Process Water
To Atmosphere
i
a
Ul
N>
o
o
31.5
se-
T
72"
city water
N>
water out
From Process
Incinerator
Figure 4,1
Sampling Point Location
Vinyl Chloride Monomer Plant
American Chemical Company
Carson, California
Water Scrubber
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a-
H
to
Ui
ro
o
to
o
H1
U)
Figure 4.2
Cross Section of Stack (Sample Point C and C')
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SET 2526 02 0175
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Samples for the determination of vinyl chloride content
were collected in accordance with "Tentative Method for the Deter^
ruination of Vinyl Chloride From Stationary Sources" dated September 4,
1974, a copy of which is presented in Appendix G-I. Two-hour integrated
samples were collected proportional to the gas stream in Tedlar bags
sealed in 55 gallon fiber barrels. The barrels were evacuated which,
in turn, would cause the bag to expand and fill.
Four samples were collected as described in Section 4.0. Dupli-
cate samples (C and C') were collected at the exit of the water scrubber
using one glass and one stainless steel probe each equipped with a glass
wool filter to remove particulate matter. Sampling after the incinerator
(Point B) was accomplished using a stainless steel probe inserted into
the gas stream at an elbow of an 18-inch diameter pipe. Sampling before
the incinerator (Point A) was accomplished at a liquid knockout trap
installed in a four-inch diameter pipe Immediately prior to entering
the incinerator. No sample probe was used at this sampling location,
and a small glass bulb water trap was installed between the liquid
knockout trap and the sample line.
Moisture determination was made at all three sampling points
using EPA Method 4 as described in "Determination of Moisture in Stack
Gases", Federal Register, Volume 36, No. 247, Tuesday, December 23,
1971.
With the concurrence of the project officer, no heated sample
line was used at sample point A. No moisture sample was collected
at point C', and only one moisture sample was collected at" each
sampling point per day. Moisture samples were collected for1
approximately one hour at each sample point.
Velocity measurements were made at point C at the beginning of
each test day in accordance with EPA Method 1, "Sample and Velocity
Traverses for Stationary Sources" and EPA Method 2, "Determination of
Stack GasiVelocity and Volumetric Flow Rate" as described in the above
referenced Federal Register.
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SET 2526 02 0175
Flow rate data was also determined at sample point A via an
Annubar installed in the process line, A description of the
Annubar and its use is contained in Appendix G-III. The Annubar
serial number was 53442, Model 715-316-SS and had a 2.067 inch
inside diameter,
An NO determination was made once per day at point C in
X
accordance with EPA Method 7, "Determination of Nitrogen Oxide
Emissions From Stationary Sources" as described in the aforementioned
Federal Register. The total chloride and chlorine content of the
exhaust gas before and after the water scrubber (points B and C) was
determined once per day in accordance with "Determination of Hydrogen
Chloride and Chlorine in Stack Gas", U. S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare, April 1968, a copy of which is contained in
Appendix G-.H.
Water samples were also collected of the two scrubber water
inlets and one outlet. Two samples were taken per day. One sample
coincided with the EPA Method 4, Moisture Sampling, a sample of water
being collected every fifteen minutes during the one-hour mositure
test. The other water sample was integrated over all the vinyl
chloride testing conducted each day. A water sample was collected
every one half hour during each of the two-hour vinyl chloride tests.
Each water sample was analyzed for vinyl chloride using a chromatic-
graph and for total chloride and chlorine in accordance with Appendix
G-II.
Molecular weights of sample gas at points B and C were
determined using mass spectrometer analysis for 0~ and C0_ content and
subsequent molecular weight calculations. Weights at point A were
determined by tare weighing an evacuated flask, filling the flask with
sample gas to a known pressure and reweighing the' flask.
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
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