United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 79-SOD-3
March 1980
Air
Sodium Carbonate
Emission Test Report
Kerr-McGee
Corporation
Trona, California
-------
SET #2671-01-0979
Final Report
Particulate Emissions from the
Kerr-McGee Chemical Corporation
Sodium Carbonate Plant
Trona, California
EMB Report No. 79-SOD-3
EPA Contract No. 68-02-2313
Work Assignment No. 34
Prepared For
Environmental Protection Agency
Emission Measurement Branch
ESED Mail Drop #13
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
March 14, 1980
SCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2600 Cajon Boulevard
San Bernardino, California 92411
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
LIST OF FIGURES i
LIST OF TABLES ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS 5
3.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 36
3.1 SAMPLING PROCEDURES 36
3.1.1 SELECTION OF SAMPLING LOCATION-EPA METHOD #1 36.
3.1.2 MEASUREMENT OF GAS VOLUME FLOW RATE-EPA METHOD #2 36
3.1.3 AVERAGE STACK GAS MOLECULAR WEIGHT-EPA METHOD #3 39
3.1.4 DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS MOISTURE CONTENT-ERA
METHOD #4 ' 39
3.1.5 DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS-ERA METHOD #5 39
3.1.6 DETERMINATION OF PARTICLE SIZE-ANDERSEN CASCADE IMPACTOR 39-
3.1.7 DETERMINATION OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS-ERA METHOD #9 39
3.2 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ' 42
3.2.1 PARTICULATE EMISSIONS-ERA METHOD #5 42
3.2.2 PARTICULATE SIZE-ANDERSEN CASCADE IMPACTOR 42
APPENDIX A-TOTAL PARTICULATE RESULTS 43
APPENDIX B-FIELD DATA SHEETS 56
APPENDIX C-OPACITY FIELD DATA SHEETS 135
APPENDIX D-EQUIPMENT CALIBRATIONS AND SMOKE READER CERTIFICATES 148
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#2671-01-0979 . -i-
LIST OF FIGURES
Page Number
Figure 1 - Sodium Carbonate Predrier System 2
Figure 2 - Sodium Carbonate Bleacher Drier System 3
Figure 3 - Bleacher Cyclone Inlet No. 1-Particle Size Analysis 11
Figure 4 - Bleacher Cyclone Inlet No. 2-Particle Size Analysis 14
Figure 5 - Bleacher Electrostatic Precipitator Outlet-Particle
Size Analysis 16
Figure 6 - Predrier Cyclone Inlet No. 1-Particle Size Analysis 20
Figure 7 - Predrier Cyclone Inlet No. 2-Particle Size Analysis 24
Figure 8 - Predrier Scrubber Outlet-Particle Size Analysis 27
Figure 9 - Predrier Sampling Points 37
Figure 10- Bleacher Sampling Points 38
Figure 11- Particulate Sampling Train 40
Figure 12- Particle Size Distribution Sampling Train 41
Figure 13- Andersen Stack Sampler 42
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#2671-01-0979 -ii-
LIST OF TABLES
Page Number
Table 1 - Summary of Test Points and Tests Conducted 1
Table 2 - Summary of Particulate Results-Bleacher Drier Cyclone Inlets-- 5
Table 3 - Summary of Particulate Results-Bleacher Drier Electrostatic
Precipitator Outlet 6
Table 4 - Summary of Particulate Results-Predrier Cyclone Inlets 7
Table 5 - Summary of Particulate Results-Predrier Scrubber Outlet 8
Table 6 - Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Bleacher Cyclone Inlet
#l-Run #1 9
Table 7 - Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Bleacher Cyclone Inlet
#l-Run #2 10
Table 8 - Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Bleacher Cyclone Inlet
#2-Run #1 <- 12
Table 9 - Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Bleacher Cyclone Inlet
#2-Run n 13
Table 10- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Bleacher Precipitator
Outlet . 15
Table 11- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier Cyclone Inlet
#l-Run #1 17
Table 12- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier 'Cyclone Inlet
#l-Run #2 18
Table 13- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier Cyclone Inlet
#l-Run #3 19
Table 14- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier Cyclone Inlet
#2-Run n 21
Table 15- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier Cyclone Inlet
#2-Run n 22
Table 16- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier Cyclone Inlet
#2-Run #3 23
Table 17- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier Scrubber Outlet-
Run 1 25
Table 18- Particle Size Distribution Analysis-Predrier Scrubber Outlet-
Run 2 26
Table 19- Summary of.System Efficiencies 28
Table 20- Summary of Results of Opacity Readings-Bleacher Precipitator
Outlet, Run #1 30
Table 21- Summary of Results of Opacity Readings-Bleacher Precipitator
Outlet, Run #2 : 31
Table 22- Summary of Results of Opacity Readings-Bleacher Precipitator
Outlet, Run #3 -- 32
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
LIST OF TABLES-continued
Page Number
Table 23 - Summary of Results of Opacity Readings-Predrier Scrubber
Outlet, Run #1 33
Table 24 - -Summary of Results of Opacity Readings-Predrier Scrubber
Outlet, Run #2 34
Table 25 - Summary of Results of Opacity Readings-Predrier Scrubber
Outlet, Run #3 35
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Testing to determine participate emissions from the Kerr-McGee
Chemical Corporation sodium carbonate plant was conducted by Scott Environ-
mental Technology, Inc. for the United States Environmental Protection Agency
under Contract No. 68-02-2813, Work Assignment No. 34. The testing was con-
ducted from July 16 through July 21, 1979 at the Kerr-McGee plant in Trona,
California.
Particulate control systems on two processes were evaluated for
efficiency:
o Cyclone and venturi scrubber on the sodium carbonate
predrier system
o Cyclone and electrostatic precipitation on the sodium
carbonate bleacher drier system
Sampling locations used for each system are shown in Figures 1 and 2
respectively. These figures also present a general description of each process
involved.
Total particulates were measured using EPA Reference Method #5 at the
inlet and outlet of control equipment controlling emissions from the sodium
carbonate bleacher driers and sodium carbonate predriers. The particle size
distribution was also determined at each of the sampling locations using an
Andersen cascade impactor. The opacity of the gas emitted from the bleacher
electrostatic precipitator and the predrier venturi scrubber was monitored during
each test by a smoke reader. Table 1 presents a summary of test points sampled
and number of tests conducted at each test point.
TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF TEST POINTS AND TESTS CONDUCTED
Number of
Process Test Points Tests Conducted
Predrier Cyclone Inlet No. 1 3
Predrier Cyclone Inlet No. 2 3
Predrier Venturi Scrubber Outlet 4
Bleacher Drier Cyclone Inlet No. 1 3
Bleacher Drier Cyclone Inlet No. 2 2
Bleacher Drier Electrostatic Precipitator Outlet 3
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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X1
m
I
i
D
To
Atmosphere
Scrubber Outlet
Sampling Location
Predrier Cyclone Inlet #£_
Sampling Location,
^<_
R
Sodium
Carbonate
Feed
Sodium
Carbonate
Feed
Predrier Cyclone Inlet #
Sampling Loc
=«=
ro
en
i
o
ro
Venturi
Scrubber
FIGURE 1 - SODIUM CARBONATE PREDRIER SYSTEM
KERR-MCGEE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
TRONA, CALIFORNIA
Dual Cyclones
Dried Solids
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#2671-01-0979
-3-
To
Atmosphere
Blind Flange^
Cyclone
Electrostatic
Precipitator
Cyclone Inlet #2.
Sampling Location"
L
Feed
Bleacher Dri-
Cyclone
Cyclone Inlet #1
Sampling Locatio
Feed
Bleacher Drier
]
r
Cyclone
Product
FIGURE 2 - SODIUM CARBONATE BLEACHER DRIER
SYSTEM - KERR-MCGEE CHEMICAL
CORPORATION, TRONA, CALIFORNIA
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
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Test arrangements were made through Mr. Stan Clift of Kerr-McGee.
The following is a list of individuals present during test operations:
Individual
Dennis Holzschuh
Allan Seacrest
James Reese
Maynard Johnson
Tim Sharp
Amerino Cipoll one
Tom Bernstiel
Tony Guastella
Al Ramos
Bernard Roth
Organization
EPA
Radian Corporation
Scott Environmental
Scott Environmental
Scott Environmental
Scott Environmental
Scott Environmental
Scott Environmental
Scott Environmental
Scott Environmental
Technology
Technology
Technology
Technology
Technology
Technology
Technology
Technology
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
-5-
2.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS
The results of the total participate tests at the bleacher drier
cyclone inlet no. 1 and cyclone inlet no. 2 are summarized below in Table 2.
The results of test run no. 1 at the cyclone inlet no. 2 were discarded because
a leak developed in the sampling train during the. test. Results from the
testing at the bleacher drier electrostatic precipitator outlet are summarized
in Table 3.
Location
Date
Time Started
Time Ended
Run No.
Gas Flow Rate, dscfm
Actual Gas Flow Rate, acfm
Particulate
Concentration, gr/scf
Particulate Mass
Flow Rate, Ibs./hr.
Location
Date
Time Started
Time Ended
Run No.
Gas Flow Rate, dscfm
Actual Gas Flow Rate, acfm
Particulate
Concentration, gr/scf
Particulate Mass
Flow Rate, Ibs./hr.
TABLE 2
SUMMARY OF PARTICULATE RESULTS
BLEACHER DRIER CYCLONE INLETS
Cyclone Inlet No. 1
7-16
1750
1950
1
13660
23290
165.8
19400
7-17
1150
1255
2
13760
23660"
130.2
15400
Cyclone Inlet No. 2
7-16 7-17
1750 1115
1950 1830
1 2
15130 14140
28610 24980
120.7
14600
7-18
0815
0930
3
14760
24810
133.9
16900
7-18
0755
0915
3
15530
26310
45.6
6070
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TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF PARTICIPATE RESULTS
BLEACHER DRIER ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR OUTLET
Location . Precipitator Outlet
Date 7-16 7-17 7-18
Time Started 1738 1102 0744
Time Ended 1935 1742 1000
Run No. 1 2 3
Gas Flow Rate, dscfm 69480 75340 74320
Actual Gas Flow Rate, acfm 98900 99200 96530
Particulate
Concentration, gr/scf 0.0102 0.0054 0.0039
Particulate Mass
Flow Rate, Ibs./hr. 6.1 3.5 2.5
Results of the particulate tests at the predrier cyclone inlet no. 1
and cyclone inlet no. 2 are summarized below in Table 4. Results from the
predrier scrubber outlet are shown in Table 5. The only available sampling
locations at the cyclone inlets were in ducts of non-uniform cross section and
just following bends in the ducts. However, the velocity distribution was very
uniform across the duct. Due to a large amount of particulate build-up in the
bottom of the ducts, sampling could not be performed at the bottom sampling ports.
Run no. 1 at the scrubber outlet was stopped in the middle of the test due to the
shutdown of one of the driers. Although the stack was traversed in only one
direction, the results are included. As shown in the results, a significantly
lower gas flow rate was measured at the scrubber outlet during run no. 4. The
data sheets show generally lower readings for all of the points and very low
velocity head readings for four of the twelve sample points. The results are shown
for run no. 4 with the points of very low velocity included and excluded.
Scott Environmental Technofosy Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
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TABLE 4
SUMMARY OF PARTICIPATE RESULTS
PREDRIER CYCLONE INLETS
Location
Date
Time Started
Time Ended
Run No.
Gas Flow Rate, dscfm
Actual Gas Flow Rate, acfm
Particulate
Concentration, gr/scf
Particulate Mass
Flow Rate, Ibs./hr.
Location
Date
Time Started
Time Ended
Run No.
Gas Flow Rate, dscfm
Actual Gas Flow Rate, acfm
Particulate
Concentration, gr/scf
Particulate Mass
Flow Rate, Ibs./hr.
Cyclone Inlet No. 1
7-19 7-20
1715 1045
2050 1238
1 2
36030 34810
43900 42570
3.57
1100
0.271
80.9
Cyclone Inlet No. 2
0.114
36.4
0.211
67.9
0.653
199.2
7-21
1015
1205
3
35550
44300
0.123
37.5
7-19
1147
1412
1
37270
.45800
*
7-19
1540
1734
2
37520
45710
7-20
1100
1302
3
35590
43590
7-21
1035
1227
4
39180
47780
0.625
209.9
*Isokinetic sampling rate during this run was 80.1%. Except for a higher
meter temperature, no explanation for the low value could be determined.
}! Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979 -8-
7-19
1040
1743
1
91440
110000
7-20
1200
1420
2
97430
1 1 6200
7-20
2025
2246
3
93980
115400
7-21
0928
1154
4
66660
81550
4*
84010
102800
TABLE 5
SUMMARY OF PARTICULATE RESULTS
PREDRIER SCRUBBER OUTLET
Location Scrubber Outlet
Date
Time Started
Time Ended
Run No.
Gas Flow Rate, dscfm
Actual Gas Flow Rate., acfm
Particulate
Concentration, gr/scf 0.0112 0.0041 0.0041 0.0079
Particulate Mass
Flow Rate, Ibs./hr. 8.8 3.4 . 3.3 4.5 5.7
Points of low velocity excluded from gas flow rate calculations.
Complete particulate results are presented in Appendix A. Field data
sheets are included in Appendix B.
Results of the particle size analyses are shown in Tables 6 and
7 and Figure 3 for testing at the bleacher drier cyclone inlet no. 1, and
Tables 8 and 9 and Figure 4 for testing at the bleacher drier cyclone inlet
no. 2. Results of the particle size analysis at the bleacher drier precipitator
outlet are shown in Table 10 and Figure 5.
Results of the particle size analysis at the predrier cyclone .inlet
no. 1 are shown in Tables 11 through 13 and Figure 6, and results at the
predrier cyclone inlet no. 2 are included in Tables 14 through 16, and
Figure 7. Particle size analysis for the predrier scrubber outlet is shown in
Table 17 and Table 18, and Figure 8.
Due to the very low particulate concentration at the bleacher
precipitator outlet, a very small particle size sample was collected during the
one hour sampling time. A small sample was also collected during run no. 1 at
the predrier scrubber outlet. Sampling during this run was stopped after 26
minutes due to the shut down of one of the predriers. A larger sample was
Scott Environmental Technobsy Inc.
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#2671-01-0979'
-9-
TABLE 6
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-17-79
Time: 1325 to 1328
Sampling Location: Bleacher Cyclone Inlet
Traverse Point No. Sampled: 18
Run No.: 1
Pbar(in. Hg): 28.31
..Stack Temp. (°F): 345
Sample Time (Min): 3
Sample Volume (cf): 1.93
Moisture (% H?0): 6.1
Meter Temperature ( F): 119
Flow Setting, AH (in. ILO): 120
Nozzle Diameter (In.): * 0.250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - 0.69 cfm
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Net Wt.
(mg)
16945. 32
245.6
95.00
30.20
22.15
9.80
3.30
0.90
%
97.65
1 .41
0.54
0.17
0.12
0.05
0.01
0.00
Cumulative
%
100.0
2.34
0.92
0.38
0.20
0.08
0.02
0.00
Back-up
Filter
0.00
0.00
0.00
ECD1
(Micrometers)
13.62 and larger
8.63
5.70
3.94
2.51
1.29
0.78
0.52
<0.52
Total
17352.2
1
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
2
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
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TABLE 7
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Traverse Point No. Sampled:
Run No.: 2
Date: 7-17-79 P (in. Hg):
T* 1ftnn bar
Sampling Location: Bleacher Cyclone Inlet #l5^1k0T!$|P; !M^C
ivau^co Pnint Mn ^mni0H. 18 Sample Time (Min)
Sample Volume (cf):
Moisture (% H?0):
Meter Temperature ( F):
Flow Setting, AH (in. fO)
Nozzle Diameter (In.):
28.31
345
0.75
0.49
6.1
119
1.20
0.250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - o.70 cfm
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Net Wt.
(nig)
7229. 152
20.55
38.90 .
22.80
17.35
8.65
1.90
0.00
%
98.49
0.27
0.53
0.31
0.23
0.11
0.02
0.00
Cumulative
100.00
1.50
1.22
0.69
0.38
0.14
0.02
0.00
Back-up
Filter
0.05
0.00
0.00
ECD1 '
(Micrometers)
13.52 and larger
8.57
5.66
3.91
2.50
1.28
0.77
0.52
<0.52
Total
7339.35
1
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
'Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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99.S9
99.9 99.8
39 98
95
?0
80
70 60 50 <0
30
20
10
1 0.5
0.2 0.1 0.05
0.02
,6-.
.5 .
j i |j^ri-v .j
--J-.
X
JZ
K'
u
:H:
i i '
-,-, -L
', [ -r--t'-»-V
-^lf
~itr:
L/
J/LL
tl
.
.U!
mrSm
o-
Run No. 1
J.ljii A Run No. 2
i
1 l
ir±i
FH-
. n
JL
J.j
H-i-l jj1L
4iiT
...|
jin
!';
T777
II.
Uii
w
\\\
LL1.T
J±
=
.1 nr
Ii
l-j-H
f n-
nil..
Figure 3
;:ffl
.-.4-
-j_
U-
i|z
" "~.~i'
xf
-f-
ii
Bleacher Cyclone Inlet No. 1
Particle Size Analysis
Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp.
Trona,
July 17, 1979
i : i i
Hii
-TI
_i_
zh
r.f-r
lt
lU
!U
--J.-j-.r--
I
-,o
o
to
1 1
9
8
7
6
5
"IT!
i Mi
TiTi"
,3-
,2-
Par Size
Micrometers
ll
cle
I
_L_ (_.
.
t
-tl
- - i~ I" I
m
ii:i
_L.I I i
fal
4-
iIli.L
4
-r|--t
Sff
rl 11
.{_
XLjit:
x
H::
-Hi
:j±ii
. I i i !
It!-
3W
-H-rl-
ii i
i!ii
n"
uli:
Cumulative % Less Than Stated
Particle Size
I
n
fFtr
r.ihr
r.
i i '
FITT
n
m
dr-
ji
Ji
0.01
0.05 0.1 0.2
0.5
10
20
30 40 50 60 70
80
90
95
98 09
99.8 D9.9
99.09
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#2671-01-0979 -12-
TABLE 8
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-17-79 Pha^(in- H9): 28.31
Time: 1907 CtaH, T0mn f°t\.
Sampling Location: Bleacher Cyclone Inlet #2£tac.K '^p- }./'; 350
Traverse Point NO. Sailed: 5 ^J^j: °-f,
Run N°" Moisture (% O): ^ .
Meter Temperature ( F): i?7\
Flow Setting, AH (in. H?0): \ g'Q
Nozzle Diameter (In.): 0*250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - o.87 cfm
Cumulative ECD1
% (Micrometers)
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Net Wt.
(mg)
4891. 052
7.05
15.60
13.25
12.20
9.10
0.35
0.00
%
98.83
0.14
0.31
0.26
0.24
0.18
0.00
0.00
100.00 12.15
1.16 7.73
1.02 5.09
0.70 3.52
0.43 2.25
0.19 1.15
0.00 0.69
0.00 0.46
Back-up
Filter 0.00 0.00 0.00 <0.46
Total
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
2
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
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TABLE 9
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-18-79
Time: 9:55 #2
Sampling Location: Bleacher Cyclone Inlet
Traverse Point No. Sampled: 5
Run No.: 2
Pbar(in. Hg):
Stack Temp. (°F):
Sample Time (Min):
Sample Volume (cf):
Moisture (% H20):
Meter Temperature ( F):
Flow Setting, AH (in. H^O):
Nozzle Diameter (In.):
28.34
350
0.5
0.38
4.4
127.5
0.'250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - o.80 cfm
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Net Wt.
(ing)
2228. 852
3.80
13.00
14.35
18.00
12.15
0.75
0.00
%
97.29
. 0.16
0.56
0.62
0.78
0.53
0.03
0.00
Cumulative
%
100.00
2.70
2.54
1.97
1.34
0.56
0.03
0.00
ECD1
(Mi crometers )
12.67 and larger
8.05
5.31
3.67
2.34
1.20
0.72
0.48
Back-up
Filter
0.00
0.00
0.00
<0.48
Total
2290.90
1
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
P
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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«. .< '.».'.
2 CYCLES
10_
9_
9S.S9
99.9 99.8
99 98
95 90
80 70 60 50 40 30 20
10
1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01
10
9
8
7 =«=
IN3
O1
7
6
-o
eu
-s
n-
o
fD
00
N
fD
O
O
3
(D
ft-
n>
-s
oo
=t=
li'P
-H-
±i:
i
1
^-r
i
m
^iM
i '_! '
LldH
tnri
i
O Run No. 1 It4
. Run No. 2
.L
i
M
]
rrrr
IX-
rtrn:
T-
1
T i
I iii
trrr
iii!
rrrr-
:li
rj:
ttfl
4-
-t-l
I.-
^.-Z.
hi
-|zi"
. - - t
" j -- 1 '
.:{-- \
I
O
I
o
vo
f9-
««
.6
'-t-
44J-i
TTii
.3 -
I
1
I
,1
0|.
IF
-K
1
Figure 4
Bleacher Cyclone Inlet No
Particle Size Analysis
Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp.
Trona , Calif.
July 17 and 18, 1979
4
-iv imiii:
--.
Cumulative % Less Than Stated
Particle Size
Tnimrr
TrrmrmrnTTTrrrmrriTTiTnTnTrnTr""
-FI
-
j
ItH.
i
|°l . I
0.
31
60
99|
J i - f
in
rzTi
^3.99
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#2671-01-0979
-15-
TABLE 10
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-17-79
Time: 1110 to 1210
Sampling Location:Bleacher Pptr. Outlet
Traverse Point No. Sampled: 3
Run No.:
Pbar(in. Hs):
Stack Temp. ( F):
Sample Time (Min):
Sample Volume (cf):
Moisture (35 O):
Meter Temperature ( F):
'28.31
173
60
59.24
2.4
135
Flow Setting, AH (in. O): 2.50
Mf\ » ^ I rt f"^ T » m^"v + s*\/\ f T *\ i
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Nozzle Diameter (In.):
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - i.oi cfm
0.250
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Back-up
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Total
Net Wt.
(mg)
4.452
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.00
0.00
5.95
74.78
.9.24
10.08
.00
5.04
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.00
.00
0.84
Cumulative
%
100.00
25.21
15.97
5.88
5.88
.84
.84
.84
0.84
ECD1
(Micrometers)
10.23
6.53
4.29
- 2.97
1.90
.96
.58
<0.38
1
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
"Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technokyjy Inc.
-------
c:. a cc-.;r:R co.
2CVCLC3
ADC IN U. £. A.
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Figure 5
Electrostatic Precipitator Outlet
Particle Size Analysis
lee Chemical Corp.
)alif.
July 17, 1979
tut
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-------
#2671-01-0979
-17-
TABLE 11
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-19-79 p (in.
Time: 2130 to 2200 _r ,on
Sampling Location:Predrier Cyclone Inlet #1 r*, '^.p- } \>'
Traverse Point No. Sampled: 4 Sample JimMMin)^
Run No" Moisture (% HO):
Meter Temperature ( F):
Flow Setting, AH (in. H20)
Nozzle Diameter (In.):
28.05
116
30
13.46
4.3
104
0.52
0.250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - Q.46 cfm
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Net Wt.
(nig)
23. 862
.00
.05
.00
.15
.20
.00
.00
Back-up
Filter 24-25
98.34
.00
.20
.00
.61
.82
.00
.00
.00
Cumulative
%
100.00
1.65
1.65
1.44
1.44
.82
.00
.00
.00
ECD1
(Micrometers)
14.73 and larger
9.27
6.15
4.26
2.71
1.40
.85
.58
<0.58
Total
1
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
2 '
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
-------
#2671-01-0979
-18~
TABLE 12
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-20-79
Time: 1329 to 1359
Sampling Location: Predrier Cyclone Inlet
Traverse9 Point No. Sampled: 4
Run No': 2
in. Hg):
Temp. (°F):
'Sample Time (Min):
Sample Volume (cf):
Moisture (% H?0):
Meter Temperature ( F):
Flow Setting, AH (in. H?0)
Nozzle Diameter (In.):
28.17
r i ,
120
30
12.09
4.4
92
0.41
0.250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - g.42
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Back-up
Filter
Net Wt.
(mg)
154. 72
0.05
0,10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
%
99.87
0.03
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
Cumulative
%
100.00
0.12
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
ECD1
(Micrometer:
15.59
9.79
6.50
4.50
2.86
1.48
0.90
0.62
<0.62
Total 154.90
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
ScottEnvironmentalTechnoJogyInc.
-------
#2671-01-0979
-19-
TABLE 13
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-21-79
Time: 1500 to 1,530
Sampling Location: Predrier Cyclone Inlet
9 Point No. Samp,ed: 4
P. (in. Hg):
?ar {0 .
]?, 'p< '
Sj.pl.
Moisture (% O):
Meter Temperature ( F):
Flow Setting, AH (in. H20)
Nozzle Diameter (In.):
28.20
128
30
15.30
5.0
103
0.63
0.250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - o.53 cfm
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Back-up
Filter
Net Wt.
(mg)
20.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
202
75
05
10
00
10
25
10
35
92.23
3.42
0.22
0.45
0.00
0.45
1.14
0.45
1.59
Cumulative
%
100.00
7.76
4.33
4.11
3.65
3.65
3.19
2.05
ECD1
(Micrometers)
13.83 and larger
8.72
5.78
4.00
2.55
1.31
0.79
0.54
1.59
^0.54
Total 21.90
1
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
p
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technobsy Inc.
-------
O.C1
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1
-------
-21-
#2671-01-0979
TABLE 14
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-19-79 P. (in. Hg): 28.05
Time: 1516 to 1527 _
Sampling Location: Predrier Cyclone Inlet #2jwc, [p- MV; 109
Traverse Point No. Sampled: 4 Samp e Time (Mm): 4>71
Run Nn 1 Sample Volume (cf): 5 -,
n N°" Moisture (X HO): ^
Meter Temperature ( F): 0 3g
Flow Setting, AH (in. H20): 0*250
Nozzle Diameter (In.):
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - o.45 cfm
Plate Net Wt. Cumulative ECD1
No. (mg) % % (Micrometers)
1 50.952 93.82 100.00 14.97 and larger
2 2.00 3.68 6.17 9.41
3 0.30 0.55 2.48 6.25
4 0.70 1.28 1.93 4.32
5 0.00 0.00 0.64 2.75
6 0.00 0.00 0.64 1.42
7 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.86
8 0.35 0.64 0.64 0.59
FiUer -°° °-°° °-00
FiUerP °-°°
Total 54 . 30
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
2
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
-------
#2671-01-0979 ~22~
TABLE 15
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-20-79 p (in. Hg): 28.17
Time: 2140 to 2157 #2 barv 0
Sampl'ing Location: Predrier Cyclone Inlet Stack Temp. F): 110
Travprsp Point Nn SamDlPrt-4 Sample Time (Mm): 17
tan No * 2 SamPle Volume : 7 98
Run N°" ' Moisture (% O): 5!2
Meter Temperature ( F): 39
Flow Setting, AH (in. H^O): . Q.53
Nozzle Diameter (In.): 0.250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - 0.49 cfm
/ ECC)1 x
(Micrometers)
14.20 and larger
8.94
5.93
4.10
2.61
1.35
0.82
0.56
Back-up .
Filter 0.30 0.21 0.21 ^0.56
Total 142.65
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
2
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Net Wt.
(nig)
136.302
5.55
0.30
0.05
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
%
95.54
3.89
0.2.1
0.03
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
Cumulative
%
100.00
4.45
0.56
0.35
0.31
0.31
0.21
0.21
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
-------
-23-
#2671-01-0979
TABLE 16
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-21-79 Ph (in. Hg): 28.20
Time: 0935 to 0948 °*JY _ ,on.
Sampling Location:Predrier Cyclone Inlet #2^V^; Ml^. H3
Traverse Point No. Sampled: 4 £fp e J1me <"}"{; 13
Run Nn 3 Sample Volume (cf): 5 83
Run N°" ^ Moisture (% HO): 5-4
Meter Temperature ( F): gg
Flow Setting, AH (in. H^O): Q.53
Nozzle Diameter (In.): 0.'250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - 0.47 cfm
Plate Net Wt. Cumulative ECD1
No. (mg) % % (Micrometers)
1 9.852 81.74 100.00 14.62 and larger
2 0.80 .6.63 18.25 9.20
3 0.30 2.48 . 11.61 6.10
4 0.00 0.00 9.12 4.22
5 0.05 0.41 9.12 2.69
6 0.10 0.82 8.71 1.39
7 0.55 4.56 7.88 0.84
8 0.05 0.41 3.31 0.57
0.35 2.90 2.90 . <0.57
Total 12.05
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
p
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technofosy Inc.
-------
ft csscu co.
C CYCLCT
AOt M U. 5. A.
99.99
95
90
80
70 SO 50 <0
20
10
0.2 0.1 0.05
0.01
.1-:|->j-l[ tn.nfe^'iri
.-
i-i- !-!-.
::.:-:.-! 'f i"j !"
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MliUlJi]
a
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t
a
I |J I i | ! i Mil rTT:. :
_' !. ii i ! ! i i ! U : ;'"!
. i.J I . i "I i if I ~~. I i .
~l"
!>J
iMT Q Run No. 1
,_;__t.._y i _j,;_i
ii?i iii
I/
illl
i-l !
Ttlq-t
j.j..
-;r.r::
u
t-
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^ n
A Run No. 2
Run No. 3
-l-H-t
Ttr
i
JJilL.
-
-
--±EF.
r.:
hU-.t:
Ut-l
-t.!.
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Mi_
m
stt
lir
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Ll-
----
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4£>
Figure 7
Predrier Cyclone Inlet No. 2
Particle Size Analysis
Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp.
Trona, Calif.
July 19-21 , 1979
ti±a±d±itffij±ar
Cumulative %, Less Than Stated
Particle Size
TrmTTTTTTm
j '
-fr:
i i
(! 1
40
-------
#2671-01-0979
-25-
TABLE 17
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Pbar(in. Hg):
Date: 7-19-79
jjme. 1600 to 1626
Sampling Location:predrier Scrubber Outlet Stack Temp.
Traverse Point No. Sampled: 3
Run No.: 1
Sample Time (Min):
Sample Volume (cf):
Moisture (% H?0):
Meter Temperature ( F):
Flow Setting, AH (in. H?0)
Nozzle Diameter (In.):
28.17
111
26
19.45
4.5
90.5
1.40
0.250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - 0.78 cfm
Plate
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Net Wt.
(mg)
6.802
0.15
0.05
0.40
0.35
0.34
0.65
0.20
Back-up
Filter 0-00
76.06
1.67
0.55
4.47
3.91
3.80
7.27
2.23
0.00
Cumulative
100.00
23.93
22.26
21.70
17.22
13.31
9.50
2.23
ECD1
(Micrometers)
11 .27 and larger
7.15
4.72
3.26
2.08
1.06
0.64
0.43
0.00
<0.43
Total
8.94
1
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
"Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
-------
#2671-01-0979 "26~
TABLE 18
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS
Date: 7-21-79 phar(1n- H9)' 28.20
Time: 1430 to 1600 °ar (o ,
Sampling Location: Predrier Scrubber Outlet ^a" '^P- } N- 112
Traverse9 Point No. Sailed: 3 - , M :
Run No': 2 Moisture UH-0): f,59
Meter Temperature ( F): ,'» ,.
Flow Setting, AH (in. H20): Q ^
Nozzle Diameter (In.): 0 250
Sample Flow Rate (at stack conditions) - 0.53 cfm
Plate Net Wt. Cumulative ECD1
No. (mq) % % (Micrometers)
1 5.152 20.68 100.00 13.68
2 0.70 2.81 79.31 8.62
3 0.00 0.00 76.50 5.71
4 0.70 2.81 76.50 3.95
5 1.45 5.82 73.69 2.52
6 1.35 5.42 67.87 1.30
7 0.25 1.00 62.44 0.79
8 3.50 14.05 61.44 0.53
Back-up
Filter 11.80 47.38 ' 47.38 (0.53
Total 24.90
ECD - Effective Cutoff Diameter of preceding plate.
o
Weight includes particulate collected on Plate No. 0 and in nozzle and
head of sampler upstream of the collection plates.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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&267J1-OU0979
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#2671-01-0979
~28~
collected during the 90 minute sampling period at run no. 2 at the scrubber
outlet, and this sample would appear to be more representative of the
particle size distribution.
Table 19 presents a summary of particulate control efficiencies
calculated for the two systems tested.
TABLE 19
SUMMARY OF SYSTEM EFFICIENCIES
Sodium Carbonate Bleacher Drier
Run No.
1
2
3
Average
°/
Inlet Mass Loadings
Cyclone Inlet No. 1
19,400
15,400
16,900
17,233
Prm-t-vnl F-F-Fi <~i onrw
(Ibs/hr)
Cyclone Inlet No. 2
N/R
14,600
6,070
10,335
17,233 + 10,335
Outlet Mass Loadings (Ibs/hr)
6.1
3.5
2.5
4.0
X 100 = 99.99%
Sodium Carbonate Predrier
Run No.
1
2
3
4
Average
»/
Inlet Mass Loadings
Cyclone Inlet No. 1
1100.0
80.9
37.5 \
N/R
406.1
fnn-hvnl C-F-f -i /~i anr\t
(lbs/hr)
Cyclone Inlet No. 2
36'4! 51.9
67. 41
119.2
209.9
127.0
I~i 6-° 1
NOTES :
1.
2.
406.1
Outlet Mass Loadings (Ibs/hr)
8.8
3'4
3.3
5.7
6.0
X 100 = 98.87%
1
3.4
When two tests were conducted on the same 'day, the average of the two tests
was used in calculating the system efficiency.
See Table 5 and text for discussion of this result.
Scott Environmental Technokxjy Inc.
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#2671-01-0979 -29-
Results of the opacity readings taken at the bleacher drier
precipitator outlet are summarized in Tables 20 through 22. Opacity
readings at the predrier scrubber outlet are shown in Tables 23 through
25. No readings were taken during test run no. 3 at the scrubber outlet
since the run was made at night. All readings were Q% opacity at both the
precipitator outlet and the scrubber outlet. Opacity field data sheets are
included in Appendix C.
j Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
-30-
TABLE 20
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPACITY READINGS
Location: Bleacher Precipitator Outlet
Test Run No.: 1
Date: 7-16-79
Color of Plume: None
Set Time
Number Start .!End
1 1740
2 1746
3 1752
4 1758
5 1804
6 1810
7 1816
8 1822
9 1828
10 1834
11 1840
12 1846
13 1852
14 1858
15 1 904
16 1910
17 1916
18 1922
.19 1 928
20 1934
1746
1752
1758
1804
1810
1816
1822
1828
1834
1840
1846
1852
1858
1904
1910
1916
1922
1928
1934
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Opacl ty
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 940 0 0
Set Time
Number Start End
(T) Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
Stack Height: 60 feet
Distance to Stack: 150 feet
Wind Direction Variable Speed: 5-15 mph
Sky Description: Clear
Opacity
Sum Averaqe
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#2671-01-0979
-31-
TABLE 21
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPACITY READINGS
Location: Bleacher Precipitator Outlet
Test Run No.: 2
Date: 7-17-79
Color of Plume: None
Set Time
Number Start . End
1 1100
2 1106
3 1112
4 1118
5 1124
6 1130
7 1136
8 1142
9 1148
10 1154
11 1640
12 1646
13 1652
14 1658
15 1704
i!6 1710
1106
1112
1118
1124
1130
1136
1142
1148
1154
1156
1646
1652
1658
1704
1710
. Opacity
Sum Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1715 0
O.
Scott Environmental Technobsy
'
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inc.
Set Time
Number Start End
Stack Height: 60 feet
Distance to Stack: 150 feet
Wind Direction: Var-iab1^peed: 0-5 niph
Sky Description: Clear
Opacity
Sum Averaae
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#2671-01-0979
-32-
TABLE 22
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPACITY READINGS
Location: Bleacher Precipitator Outlet
Test Run No.: 3
Date: 7-18-79
Color of Plume: None
Stack Height: 60 feet
Distance to Stack: 150 feet
Wind Direction:VariableSpeed: °-5 mPh
Sky Description: Clear
Set
Number
1 .
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
n
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
0800
' 0806
0812
0818
0824
0830
0836
0842
0848
0854
0900
0906
0912
0918
0924
0930
0936
0942
0948
0954
.End
0806
0812
0818
0824
0830
0836
0842
0848
0854
0900
0906
0912
0918
0924
0930
0936
0942
0948
0954
1000
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
.0
o'
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Opacity
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Set Time Opacity
Number Start End Sum Averaae
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#2671-01-0979
-33-
TABLE 23
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPACITY READINGS
Location: Predrier Scrubber Outlet
Test Run No.-: 1
Date: 7-19-79
Color of Plume: None
Stack Height: 75 feet
Distance to Stack: 150 feet
Wind Direction: Van a bleSpeed: 0-5 mph
Sky Description: 75% Cloudy
Set
Number
1
?.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Time
Start End
1100 1106
1106 1112
1112 1118
1118 1123
1710 1716
1716 1722
1722 1728
1728 1734
1734 1740
1740 1746
1746 1750
.Opacity
Sum Average
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Set Time Opacity
Number Start End Sum Averaae
'
Scott Environmental TechnoJcx^y Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
-34-
TABLE 24
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPACITY READINGS
Location: Predrier Scrubber Outlet
Test Run No.: 2
Date: 7-20-79
Color of Plume: None
Stack Height: 75 feet
Distance to Stack:. 150 feet
Wind Direction:Variable$peed: 0-5 mph
Sky Description: 100% Cloudy
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start .'End
1215
1221
1227
1233
1239
1245
1251
1257
1303
1309
1315
1321
1327
1333
1339
1345
1351
1357
1403
1409
1221
1227
1233
1239
1245
1251
1257
1303
1309
1315
1321
1327
1333
1339
1345
1351
1357
1403
1490
1415
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Opacity
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Set Time . Opacity
Number Start End Sum Averaae
Scott Environmental Technokyjy Inc.
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#2671-01-0979.
-35-
TABLE 25
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPACITY READINGS
Location: Predrier Scrubber Outlet
Test Run No.: 3
Date: 7-21-79
Color of Plume: None
Stack Height: 75 feet
Distance to Stack: I50
Wind Direction: VariableSpeed:0-5 mph
Sky Description: Clear
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start .
9030
9036
9042
9048
9054
1000
1006
1012
1018
1024
1100
1106
1112
1118
1124
1130
1136
1142
1148
1154
End
9036
9042
9048
9054
1000
1006
1012
1018
1024
1030
1106
1112
1118
1124
1130
1136
1142
1148
1154
1200
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Opacl ty
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Set Time Opacity
Number Start End Sum Averaae
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979 -36-
3.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Presented in this section is a summary of sampling and analytical
procedures used during testing. For further details the reader is referred to
the description of each EPA Reference Method published in the Federal Register.
3.1 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
3.1.1 Selection of Sampling Location - EPA Method #1
The sampling locations were selected in accordance with EPA Method #1.
This method requires that the sampling location be a minimum of two stack diameters
downstream and a half a diameter upstream from any flow disturbances. This
method also allows the smallest stack diameter to be 12 inches. For rectangular
ducts, an equivalent duct size is calculated. The number of sampling points is
specified in the method, depending upon the length of undisturbed flow upstream
and downstream from the sampling location. The number of sampling points varies
from eight to forty-eight.
Each sampling location was selected so as to provide the maximum length
of undisturbed flow upstream and downstream from the sampling locations and, thus,
the minimum number of required sampling points. The number of sampling points at
each location was then selected based on EPA Method #1 criteria.
o Sodium Carbonate Predrier System - Figure 1 presents a description
of the two inlet and one outlet sampling locations associated with
the predrier. A description of the inlet and outlet sampling points
are presented in Figure 9.
o Sodium Carbonate Bleacher Drier System - Figure 2 presents a
description of the two inlet and one outlet sampling locations associated
with the bleacher drier. A description of the inlet and outlet sampling
points are presented in Figure 10.
3.1.2 Measurement of Gas Volume Flow Rate - EPA Method #2
The gas volume flow rate was measured at each sampling location in
accordance with EPA Method #2. This method uses a Type S Pi tot tube and an inclined
manometer to measure the velocity pressure, and a thermocouple to measure gas
temperature at each sampling point.
Preliminary velocity measurements were made at each sampling location
followed by velocity measurements as a part of each particulate test run.
The Pitot tubes used are within the dimensional limitations of Method #2.
A calibration factor from 0.834 to 0.838 was used for the Pitots.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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INLET (2)
16 Sampling
Points
T«^
yZ'Sl
±
^5.63
*-2.81
T
,
91
>
^
r
r
Front
72"
Sample Points
1
2
3
4
5
6
Distance From Wall(Inches)
4.38
14.63
29.63
70.38
85.38
95.63
i
o
i
o
I
CO
FIGURE 9 - PREDRIER SAMPLING POINTS
-------
FIGURE 10 - BLEACHER SAMPLING POINTS
=«=
ro
INLET (2)
OUTLET
i
o
o
vo
I
CO
CO
I
Sample Point
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Distance From Wall (Inches)
0.76
2.41
4.25
6.37
9.00
12.82
23.18
27.00
29.63
31.75
33.59
35.24
Sample Point
1
2
3
4
5
6
Distance From Wall (Inches)
3.06
10.13
20.56
48.94
59.38
66.48
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#2671-01-0979 -39-
3.1.3 Average Stack Gas Molecular Weight - EPA Method #3
The average molecular weight of the stack gas during each test was
determined by Orsat analysis for C02 and 02 content of the stack gas in accordance
with EPA Method #4.
3.1.4 Determination of Stack Gas Moisture Content - EPA Method #4
Moisture content of the gases sampled was determined in accordance
with EPA Method #4 as part of the particulate sampling train. Moisture in the
gas sampled was collected in impingers in an ice bath followed by silica gel.
The moisture collected was then measured volumetrically and gravimetrically.
3.1.5 Determination of Particulate Emissions - EPA Method #5
Particulate emissions were measured in accordance with EPA Method #5.
This method involves the isokinetic extraction of a sample from the gas stream
and collection of the particulate on a heated out-of-stack filter. A dry gas
meter measures the volume of the gas sample. Figure 11 shows a diagram of the
sampling train.
3.1.6 Determination of Particle Size - Andersen Cascade Impactor
The samples for particle size distribution at each sampling location
were collected using an Andersen 2000 cascade impactor. The particles are
collected by impaction on a series of plates. The plates have increasingly
smaller holes so that the velocity of the particles is increased from plate to
plate, and smaller and smaller particles are impacted. The particulate weight
collected on each plate is determined gravimetrically. The particle size
distribution is based on the equivalent aerodynamic size of the particles based
on spherical particles of 1 gram/cc density.
Sampling and calculations of results were performed in accordance with
the operating manual published by Andersen 2000. Figure 12 shows a diagram of
the sampling train. The impactor was used out-of-stack at the inlet sampling
locations due to the small diameter of these ducts. For this arrangement, a
short probe was installed between the nozzle and cascade impactor. Figure 13
shows a stage diagram of the Andersen head.
3.1.7 Determination of Visible Emissions - EPA Method #9
Visible emissions were monitored by determining the smoke density using
EPA Method #9. This method involves the measurement of smoke density by a smoke
reader who has been previously certified against smoke measured by an opacity
meter calibrated with neutral density filters.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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LEGEND:
".. NOZZLE
j. PROBE
3. PITOT
4. THERMOCOUPLE
5. PYROMETER
6. INCLINE MANOMETER
7. CYCLONE
8. FLASK
9. FILTER ASSEMBLY
10. FILTER BOX
11. IMPINGER ICEBATH
12. IMPINGERS
13. THERMOMETER
14. CHECK VALVE
15. UMBILICAL CORD
16. VACUUM GAUGE
rv>
i
o
O
I
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
COARSE FLOW ADJUST
VALVE
FINE FLOW ADJUST
VALVE
VACUUM PUMP
DRY TEST METER
ORIFICE TUBE
22. SOLENOID VALVES
FIGURE 11 - PARTICULATE SAMPLING TRAIN
-------
tr
7 8
ro
CT>
-j
i
CD
LEGEND:
1. NOZZLE
2. PROBE
3. ANDERSEN CASCADE IMPACTOR
4. INCLINE MANOMETER
5. IMPINGER ICEBATH
6. IMPINGERS
7. THERMOMETER
8. CHECK VALVE
9. UMBILICAL CORD
10. VACUUM GAUGE
11. COARSE FLOW ADJUST
VALVE
12. FINE FLOW ADJUST
VALVE
13. VACUUM PUMP
14. DRY TEST METER
15. ORIFICE TUBE
16. SOLENOID VALVES
FIGURE 12 - PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SAMPLING TRAIN
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#2671-01-0979
-42-
BACKUP
FILTER
JET STAGE (9 TOTAL)
SPACERS
GLASS FIBER
COLLECTION
SUBSTRATE
PLATE ->.
HOLDER
NOZZLE
INLET
CORE
FIGURE 13 -'ANDERSEN STACK SAMPLER
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979 -43-
3.2 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
3.2.1 Particulate Emissions - EPA Method #5
Participate emissions were determined gravimetrically in accordance
with EPA Method #5. Prior to testing, absolute participate filters we're .desicated,
weighed and sealed in a container for transporting. Upon completion of field
testing, each filter was desicated and reweighed to determine the amount of
particulate collected.
3.2.2 Particulate Size - Andersen Cascade Impactor
Participate size distributions were determined gravimetrically using
Andersen cascade impactor substrates. Each substrate was prepared and analyzed
using a method identical to that described for EPA Method #5 particulate filters.
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
APPENDIX A
Total Particulate Results
Scon Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979 -57-
APPENDIX B
Field Data Sheets
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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-136-
#2671-01-0979
APPENDIX C
Opacity Field Data Sheets
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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#2671-01-0979
APPENDIX D
EQUIPMENT CALIBRATIONS AND
SMOKE READER CERTIFICATES
Scott Environmental Technology Inc.
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