United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 80-BOF-7
September 1980
Air
Steel Processing
Fugitive Emissions
Emission Test Report
Republic Steel Company
South Chicago, Illinois
-------
FUGITIVE EMISSION EVALUATION REPORT
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
REPUBLIC STEEL COMPANY
South Chicago, Illinois
Prepared for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc
25711 Southfield Road
Southfield, Michigan 48075
EMB REPORT NO. 80-BOF-7
Work Assignment 32
Contract No. 68-02-2817
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Tables i
List of Figures ii
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Discussion of Results 3
3.0 Observation Locations and Emission Points 22
4.0 Observation Procedures 28
APPENDICES
A. Project Participants
B. Field Data Sheets
B-l. Basic Oxygen Furnace (Method 22)
B-2. Roof Monitor Readings
B-2.1. Method 22
B-2.2. Method 9
B-3. Velocity Traverse Data
C. Calibration Data
D. Method 9
E. Method 22
F. Visible Emission Certifications of Observers
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2.1 Summary of Fugitive Emissions - 4
Vessel Operations
2.2 Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 9 5
(24 consecutive readings)
2.3 Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 9 11
(6-minute averages)
2.4 Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 22 17
2.5 Methods 9 and 22 Averages 20
2.6 Stack Gas Parameters - Secondary 21
Inlet, No. 2 Furnace
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
3.1 Basic oxygen furnace observation 24
locations
3.2 Roof monitor observation locations 25
3.3 Sampling location and stack cross- 27
section
11
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Clean Air Act mandates that Standards of
Performance be established for new stationary air
pollution sources. Establishment of these standards
requires that an emission data base be developed for each
source category. This data base is used as a guide for
the establishment of Performance Standards which will
minimize air quality degradation and yet not be impossible
to attain.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
retained Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc., to
evaluate both visible and fugitive emissions emanating
from the basic oxygen furnace (Q-BOP) operations at
Republic Steel in East Chicago, Illinois. Observations
included fugitive emissions from the vessel operations
(scrap charge, hot metal charge, oxygen blow, turndown,
reblows, tapping, and deslagging), and both fugitive
and opacity determinations of the roof monitor. In
addition, nine velocity traverse runs were conducted
on the inlet to the secondary control system. The field
study was completed during the week of June 2, 1980.
The results of this study will be used as part
of the field sampling data for supporting New Source
Performance Standards for fugitive process emissions in
the iron and steel industry. This study was commissioned
-------
as Project No. 80-BOF-7, Contract No. 68-02-2817, Work
Assignment 32. Project participants are listed in
Appendix A.
- 2 -
-------
2.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
Table 2.1 presents the results of the fugitive emission
readings taken during the various vessel operations.
Each run constitutes one heat. Ten entire heats were
observed.
Emission frequencies from the scrap charge were
consistently 0-percent on both the charge and tap sides.
Emissions during the hot metal charge ranged from 26 to
100-percent on the charging side and were 0-percent on
the tap side. Emissions during the oxygen blow cycle
ranged from 0 to 13-percent on the charge side and from
0 to 67-percent on the tap side.
During turndown, fugitive emissions ranged from 0
to 64-percent on the charge side and were consistently
0-percent on the tap side.
Tapping emissions ranged from 0 to 51-percent on the
charge side and from 87 to 100-percent on the tap side.
Deslagging resulted in fugitive emissions ranging
from 31 to 94-percent on the charge side and from 0 to
49-percent on the tap side of the furnace.
ROOF MONITOR
Method 9
Visible emission data were reduced using two methods.
In Table 2.2, percent opacities were averaged for 24 consec-
utive readings, excluding any interferences. This method
- 3 -
-------
TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS - VESSEL OPERATIONS'1
1980
n,a -f~0
LJQ. L-ti
Time
Run
No.
6/2
1228
1
6/2
1335
2
6/2
1605
3
6/3
1142
4
6/3
1333
5
Cycle5-
SC
HMC
02
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
02
TD
02
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
02
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
02
TD
02
TD
INT
TAP
INT
DS
SC
HMC
02
TD
TD
TAP
DS
Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
0
87
0
3
0
31
0
84
0
33
0
3
0
80
0
96
0
16
17
43
0
30
5
27
4
42
5
33
0
72
0
39
< 1
Obs.
2
0
93
0
5
0
39
0
74
0
42
0
0
0
39
_
91
0
15
20
35
0
28
0
64
0
37
23
42
0
60
0
56
< 1
J 47 J 24
51
68
23
91
Tap Side
Obs.
3
0
0
61
0
88
8
0
0
67
0
—
0
97
0
0
0
64
0
93
49
0
0
<1
0
0
-
99
0
0
__
0
24
0
0
96
0
Obs.
4
0
0
58
0
87
0
0
0
65
0
0
0
98
0
0
0
59
0
90
0
0
0
<1
0
0
0
0
100C
6
0
_
0
24
0
10QC
17
All observations are of Furnace 2, except
Runs 9 and 10, which are of Furnace 1.
SC = scrap charge INT = Interim
HMC = hot metal charge TAP = tapping
02 = oxygen blow DS = deslagging
TD = turndown
1980
Date
Time
Run
No.
6/3
1603
6
6/3
1700
7
6/4
1142
8d
6/4
1616
9
6/4
1809
10
Cycle
SC
HMC
02
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
TD
02
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
02
TD
02
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
02
TD
TAP
INT
DS
Frequency,
Charge Side
Obs.
1
0
26
1
53
8
89
0
44
8
0
73
0
77
25
0
44
0
33
0
68
0
20
0
34
0
71
0
91
0
5
0
0
63
Obs.
2
0
38
1
35
48
91
0
41
3
0
84
0
83
29
0
39
0
35
0
100C
0
30
13
38
0
94
0
100C
0
2
0
0
61
Percent
Tap Side
Obs.
3
0
0
55
0
96
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
96
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
99
0
0
0
7
0
94
18
0
Obs.
4
0
0
57
0
100C
0
0
0
0
100C
30
0
0
0
0
0
97
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
95
0
0
0
8
0
93
61
0
Observers: Dusanka Lazarevic
Donna Opthoff
Justine Schroeder
Timothy Palmer
c
Indicates emission frequencies greater
than 100-percent. Intricacies in observin
procedures could be responsible for this
discrepancy.
Charging doors jammed and were manually
closed prior to the oxygen blow.
- 4 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 Time
1215-1223
1223-1231
1231-1244
1245-1250
1251-1256
1257-1302
1303-1308
1309-1314
1325-1330
1331-1401
1402-1407
1408-1415
1415-1422
1422-1428
1428-1434
1434-1440
1440-1446
1446-1503
6-2 1503-1509
1509-1515
1515-1521
1521-1527
1527-1533
1533-1539
1539-1545
1545-1551
1551-1557
1557-1613
1613-1619
1619-1625
1625-1631
1631-1637
1637-1643
1643-1649
1649-1655
1655-1701
1701-1707
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
40
40
20
20
5
10
20
0
0
0
0
10
5
0
0
10
10
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
40
0
5
0
0
0
0
15
5
0
1
Avg.
0
23.3
4.2
0.8
2.1
0.2
0.8
1.2
0
0
0
0
1.7
0.2
0
0
0.8
2.1
0
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.8
4.8
0
0.4
0
0
0
0
1.5
0.4
0
Date
1980 Tlme
1215-1247
1247-1253
1253-1259
1259-1305
1305-1311
1311-1327
1327-1333
1333-1404
1404-1410
1410-1416
1416-1422
1422-1428
1428-1434
1434-1440
1440-1446
1446-1502
1502-1508
1508-1514
6_2 1514-1520
1520-1526
1526-1532
1532-1538
1538-1544
1544-1550
1550-1556
1556-1612
1612-1618
1618-1624
1624-1630
1630-1636
1636-1642
1642-1648
1648-1654
1654-1700
1700-1706
Observer
Low
High
2
Avg.
Interference
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
10
5
0
15
5
5
0
0
0
0
5
10
40
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.3
0.4
0
0
1.0
0.2
0
2.9
0.4
0.4
0
0
0
0
0.4
0.6
3.8
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
0.2
0
- 5 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 TlmS
1115-1120
1121-1126
1127-1132
1133-1138
1139-1144
1145-1150
1151-1156
1157-1202
1203-1208
1209-1214
1225-1230
1231-1236
1237-1242
1243-1256
1256-1306
1306-1312
1312-1318
1318-1337
1337-1343
1343-1351
1351-1359
1359-1405
1405-1411
6-3 1411-1417
1418-1423
1424-1429
1430-1535
1536-1541
1542-1547
1548-1553
1554-1559
1600-1605
1606-1611
1612-1617
1618-1623
1624-1629
1630-1645
1646-1653
1654-1659
1700-1705
1706-1711
1712-1717
1718-1724
1724-1730
1730-1736
1736-1742
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
10
5
0
0
0
0
High
0
10
10
0
5
10
0
0
40
5
20
35
50
35
20
5
60
60
20
0
50
55
5
5
35
20
5
0
0
0
20
0
0
30
5
0
20
0
35
40
40
50
10
20
10
0
1
Avg.
0
1.2
1.9
0
0.4
1.7
0
0
20.2
1.0
13.3
7.3
8.8
5.8
2.3
0.6
27.9
19.2
2.7
0
7.5
10.6
0.4
0.2
14.6
7.1
1.0
0
0
0
4.8
0
0
4.2
0.2
0
3.5
0
12.9
19.0
17.9
20.0
6.0
6.9
3.5
0
Date
1980 TimS
1115-1120
1121-1126
1127-1132
1133-1138
1139-1144
1145-1150
1151-1156
1157-1202
1203-1208
1209-1214
1225-1230
1231-1236
1237-1242
1243-1254
1254-1302
1302-1309
1309-1315
1315-1323
1324-1339
1340-1345
1346-1353
1355-1401
1401-1407
6-3 1407-1413
1413-1419
1419-1425
1425-1431
1431-1537
1537-1544
1545-1550
1551-1556
1557-1602
1603-1608
1609-1614
1615-1620
1621-1626
1627-1632
1633-1648
1649-1654
1655-1700
1701-1706
1707-1712
1713-1718
1719-1724
1725-1731
1732-1737
1738-1743
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
10
5
0
0
0
High
0
0
0
5
10
5
0
10
35
5
20
30
50
5
45
0
70
55
65
0
55
15
60
5
0
35
45
0
0
5
0
0
10
30
5
35
20
75
40
30
35
40
20
60
10
40
15
2
Avg.
0
0
0
0.4
0.8
0.2
0
0.6
6.7
0.6
7.7
2.3
9.0
0.6
6.5
0
11.7
13.3
15.8
0
5.6
1.5
7.7
1.2
0
17.7
5.8
0
0
1.0
0
0
1.0
4.8
0.4
4.0
1.9
26.0
8.8
2.7
13.3
10.4
12.7
20.2
4.4
12.7
7.5
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 Time
1100-1105
1106-1112
1112-1118
1118-1124
1125-1130
1131-1136
1137-1142
1143-1148
1149-1154
1155-1210
1211-1218
1218-1224
1224-1230
1230-1236
1236-1242
1242-1248
1248-1254
1254-1300
1300-1306
1306-1322
1322-1328
1328-1334
1334-1340
1340-1346
6-4 1346-1352
1352-1358
1358-1404
1404-1410
1410-1416
1416-1432
1432-1438
1438-1444
1444-1450
1615-1620
1621-1626
1627-1632
1633-1638
1639-1644
1645-1650
1651-1707
1708-1713
1714-1719
1720-1725
1726-1731
1732-1737
1738-1743
1744-1749
1750-1755
1756-1801
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
20
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
35
5
0
30
10
10
10
5
10
5
0
15
10
1
Avg.
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0.6
6.2
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0
0
0
0
2.9
0
0
7.7
0.4
0
10.6
2.9
3.5
1.9
4.4
2.1
0.4
0
2.9
1.9
Date
1980 Time
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1124
1124-1130
1130-1136
1136-1142
1142-1148
1148-1154
1154-1210
1210-1217
1217-1223
1223-1229
1230-1235
1236-1241
1242-1247
1248-1253
1254-1259
1300-1305
1306-1321
1322-1327
1328-1333
1334-1339
1340-1345
6-4 1346-1351
1352-1357
1358-1403
1404-1409
1410-1415
1416-1431
1432-1437
1438-1443
1444-1449
1450-1624
1625-1630
1631-1636
1637-1642
1643-1648
1649-1654
1655-1711
1712-1717
1718-1723
1724-1729
1730-1735
1736-1741
1742-1747
1748-1753
1754-1759
1800-1805
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
30
30
0
0
25
0
0
10
5
10
5
0
25
10
2
Avg.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.4
1.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.8
0
5.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
0
4.6
3.3
0
0
5.8
0
0
2.3
2.3
1.5
1.5
0
2.9
1.7
- 7 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 TlmS
1100-1106
1106-1112
1112-1118
1118-1124
1124-1130
1131-1136
1137-1142
1143-1148
1149-1157
1157-1213
1213-1219
1219-1225
1225-1231
1231-1237
1237-1243
1243-1249
1249-1316
1316-1322
1322-1328
1328-1334
1334-1340
1340-1346
6-5 1346-1352
1352-1358
1358-1404
1404-1410
1410-1416
1416-1422
1422-1428
1428-1443
1443-1449
1449-1455
1455-1501
1501-1507
1507-1513
1513-1519
1519-1525
1525-1531
1531-1537
1537-1553
1553-1559
1559-1605
1605-1611
1611-1617
1617-1623
1623-1629
1629-1635
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
5
0
0
0
0
30
90
0
0
0
100
60
15
65
0
20
30
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
85
0
10
40
5
10
10
40
0
60
50
1
Avg.
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0
0.4
0
0
0
0
3.8
13.8
0
0
0
38.3
10.8
1.5
9.2
0
0.8
7.3
5.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.7
22.9
0
0.4
5.0
0.6
1.0
2.1
3.8
0
20.8
17.1
Date
1980 TimS
1100-1107
1107-1113
1113-1119
1119-1125
1125-1131
1131-1137
1137-1143
1143-1149
1149-1156
1157-1212
1213-1218
1219-1224
1225-1231
1231-1237
1237-1243
1243-1249
1249-1308
1309-1324
1325-1330
1331-1336
1337-1342
1343-1348
6-5 1349-1354
1355-1400
1401-1406
1407-1412
1413-1418
1419-1434
1435-1440
1441-1446
1447-1452
1453-1458
1459-1504
1505-1510
1511-1516
1517-1522
1523-1528
1529-1549
1550-1555
1556-1601
1602-1607
1608-1613
1614-1619
1620-1625
1626-1631
1632-1637
1638-1643
Observer 2
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
10
0
0
5
0
0
90
0
5
20
90
15
65
0
0
30
20
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65
75
0
5
20
0
10
35
0
65
10
0
Avg,
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
0
1.0
0
0
0.4
0
0
11.9
0
0.4
3.5
22.9
1.9
9.6
0
0
7.3
2.1
1.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.1
10.8
0
0.6
2.3
0
1.7
2.5
0
30.6
2.5
0
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980
6-5
6-6
Time
1635-1641
1641-1647
1647-1703
1703-1711
1711-1717
1717-1723
1723-1729
1729-1735
1735-1741
1741-1749
1749-1755
1100-1110
1111-1116
1117-1122
1123-1128
1129-1134
1135-1140
1141-1147
1147-1153
1153-1159
1159-1215
1215-1221
1221-1227
1227-1233
1233-1239
1239-1245
1245-1251
1251-1257
1257-1303
1303-1309
1309-1325
1325-1331
1331-1337
1337-1343
1343-1350
1351-1356
1357-1402
1403-1408
1409-1414
1415-1430
1431-1436
1437-1442
1443-1448
1449-1454
1455-1500
1501-1506
1507-1512
1513-1518
1519-1524
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
10
15
60
70
40
0
50
0
5
0
10
30
20
25
20
0
5
5
25
30
5
0
10
0
0
25
15
0
20
15
10
5
20
20
75
60
0
20
0
40
5
10
10
5
10
10
0
5
1
Avg.
0
0.4
3.8
25.2
17.3
4.4
0
12.1
0
0.4
0
2.7
7.7
5.8
2.5
3.1
0
0.6
0.6
4.4
5.8
0.2
0
1.2
0
0
6.5
2.7
0
5.6
4.6
3.8
0.6
6.0
2.3
6.7
7.1
0
3.8
0
10.6
0.6
1.5
1.0
0.6
1.9
0.6
0
1.2
- 9 -
Date
1980
6-5
6-6
Time
1644-1659
1700-1705
1706-1711
1712-1717
1718-1723
1724-1729
1730-1735
1736-1741
1742-1747
1748-1753
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1210-1215
1216-1221
1222-1227
1228-1233
1234-1239
1240-1245
1246-1251
1252-1257
1258-1303
1304-1309
1320-1325
1326-1331
1332-1337
1338-1343
1344-1349
1350-1355
1356-1401
1402-1407
1408-1413
1414-1419
1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1448-1453
1454-1459
1500-1505
1506-1511
1512-1517
1518-1523
1524-1529
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
65
30
60
20
0
45
10
10
0
0
15
5
15
30
0
0
5
15
45
25
10
5
0
0
0
20
20
0
20
15
15
5
30
45
20
75
0
20
0
20
50
5
10
0
15
15
5
0
60
2
Avg.
0
14.2
13.1
21.0
1.5
0
6.7
1.5
1.0
0
0
4.0
2.1
1.0
5.2
0
0
0.4
3.5
3.3
5.2
1.2
0.4
0
0
0
5.2
2.7
0
4.4
6.5
4.0
1.5
4.4
8.3
2.7
12.7
0
2.5
0
2.3
11.2
0.4
1.0
0
1.2
1.9
0.2
0
16.2
-------
does not permit direct comparison of simultaneous observa
tions. Table 2.3 presents the percent opacities in 6-minute
averages, which includes all interferences.
Method 22
Results of the Method 22 roof monitor readings are
presented in Table 2.4. Any corresponding interference
times noted on the Method 9 data sheets were subtracted
from each observer's accumulated observation time. The
emission frequency ranges for Observer 1 are as follows:
0 to 19.9-percent on June 2; 3.5 to 100.0-percent on
June 3; 0 to 68.4-percent on June 4; 0 to 51.4-percent
on June 5; and, 4.1 to 43.0-percent on June 6. Emission
frequencies for Observer 2 ranged from 1.3 to 28.8-percent
on June 2; 4.7 to 97.5-percent on June 3; 0 to 64.4-percent
on June 4; 0 to 37.1-percent on June 5; and, 13.1 to 67.5-
percent on June 6. Overall and unobscured averages for
both Methods 9 and 22 are presented in Table 2.5.
VELOCITY TRAVERSE
A total of nine velocity traverses were performed
at the inlet to the secondary collector on the Q-BOP.
Three runs were conducted under each of three fan operating
conditions - auto, medium, and high. Results are presented
in Table 2.6. Flowrates averaged 95,600, 87,400, and
184,000 standard cubic feet per minute under the three
conditions, respectively.
- 10 -
-------
TABLE 2-3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9
(6-minute averages)
6-2
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
1215-1220
1221-1226
1227-1232
1233-1238
1239-1244
1245-1250
1251-1256
1257-1302
1303-1308
1309-1314
1325-1330
1400-1405
1406-1411
1412-1417
1418-1423
1424-1429
1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1500-1505
1506-1511
1512-1517
1518-1523
1524-1529
1530-1535
1536-1541
1542-1547
1548-1553
1554-1559
1610-1615
1616-1621
1622-1627
1628-1633
1634-1639
1640-1645
1646-1651
1652-1657
1658-1703
1704-1709
11
2
10
22
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
40
30
0
20
20
5
10
20
0
0
0
10
5
0
0
0
10
0
20
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
40
0
5
0
0
0
0
15
5
0
0
11.4
25.0
30.0
0
0.8
2.1
0.2
0.8
1.2
0
0
0
1.5
0.4
0
0
0
2.9
0
1.2
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.8
4.8
0
0.4
0
0
0
0
1.7
0.2
0
1215-1220
1221-1226
1227-1232
1233-1238
1239-1244
1245-1250
1251-1256
1257-1302
1303-1308
1309-1314
1325-1330
1400-1405
1406-1411
1412-1417
1418-1423
1424-1429
1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1500-1505
6-2 1506-1511
1512-1517
1518-1523
1524-1529
1530-1535
1536-1541
1542-1547
1548-1553
1554-1559
1610-1615
1616-1621
1622-1627
1628-1633
1634-1639
1640-1645
1646-1651
1652-1657
1658-1703
1704-1709
24
24
24
24
24
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
10
0
15
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
-
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
1.2
0.4
0
0
1.2
0
2.5
0.8
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0.4
4.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
0
0
- 11 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(6-minute averages)
6-3
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
1115-1120
1121-1126
1127-1132
1133-1138
1139-1144
1145-1150
1151-1156
1157-1202
1203-1208
1209-1214
1225-1230
1231-1236
1237-1242
1243-1248
1249-1254
1255-1300
1301-1306
1307-1312
1313-1318
1319-1324
1335-1340
1341-1346
1351-1356
1357-1402
1403-1408
1409-1414
1415-1420
1421-1426
1427-1432
1535-1540
1541-1546
1547-1552
1553-1558
1559-1604
1605-1610
1611-1616
1617-1622
1623-1628
1629-1634
1645-1650
1651-1656
1657-1702
1703-1708
1709-1714
1715-1720
1721-1726
1727-1732
1733-1738
1739-1744
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
12
10
6
0
1
12
0
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
0
5
10
0
0
40
5
20
35
50
5
5
35
10
5
60
20
60
5
50
55
10
5
20
35
20
0
0
0
20
20
0
30
5
0
20
10
35
40
30
40
50
10
20
10
0
0
1.2
1.9
0
0.4
1.7
0
0
20.2
1.0
13.3
7.3
8.8
0.8
2.5
10.4
0.8
0.6
29.6
4.2
19.2
0.2
11.2
9.8
0.8
0.7
2.9
16.2
3.3
0
0
0
2.9
1.9
0
4.2
0.2
0
2.3
1.5
9.0
17.5
14.0
16.5
19.3
4.4
6.9
1.9
0
1115-1120
1121-1126
1127-1132
1133-1138
1139-1144
1145-1150
1151-1156
1157-1202
1203-1208
1209-1214
1225-1230
1231-1236
1237-1242
1243-1248
1249-1254
1255-1300
1301-1306
1307-1312
1313-1318
1319-1324
1335-1340
1341-1346
1351-1356
6-3 1357-1402
1403-1408
1409-1414
1415-1420
1421-1426
1427-1432
1535-1540
1541-1546
1547-1552
1553-1558
1559-1604
1605-1610
1611-1616
1617-1622
1623-1628
1629-1634
1645-1650
1651-1656
1657-1702
1703-1708
1709-1714
1715-1720
1721-1726
1727-1732
1733-1738
1739-1744
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
3
8
5
0
0
10
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1Q
0
0
5
5
10
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
5
0
10
35
5
20
30
50
5
5
45
0
0
70
10
65
0
55
60
5
5
30
45
0
0
0
5
0
0
30
5
5
35
0
75
5
35
40
15
35
60
10
40
15
0
0
0
0.4
0.8
0.2
0
0.6
6.7
0.6
7.7
2.3
9.0
0.8
0.5
9.7
0
0
24.0'
1.8
15.8
0
8.1
8.8
0.2
1.0
2.9
20.6
0
0
0
1.0
0
0
5.4
0.4
0.4
5.8
0
34.0
0.8
9.6
11.0
9.4
14.0
17.3
4.2
13.1
6.0
- 12 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(6-minute averages)
6-4
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1210-1215
1216-1221
1222-1227
1228-1233
1234-1239
1240-1245
1246-1251
1252-1257
1258-1303
1304-1309
1320-1325
1326-1331
1332-1337
1338-1343
1344-1349
1350-1355
1356-1401
1402-1407
1408-1413
1414-1419
1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1615-1620
1621-1626
1627-1632
1633-1638
1639-1644
1645-1650
1705-1710
1711-1716
1717-1722
1723-1728
1729-1734
1735-1740
1741-1746
1747-1752
1753-1758
1759-1804
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
20
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
10
0
0
35
5
0
20
5
10
5
5
10
0
10
15
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0.2
4.4
2.5
0
0
0 6-4
0
0
0
0.4
0.2
0
0
0
2.9
0
0
7.7
0.4
0
7.5
1.7
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.5
0
0.4
2.5
3.8
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1210-1215
1216-1221
1222-1227
1228-1233
1234-1239
1240-1245
1246-1251
1252-1257
1258-1303
1304-1309
1320-1325
1326-1331
1332-1337
1338-1343
1344-1349
1350-1355
1356-1401
1402-1407
1408-1413
1414-1419
1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1620-1625
1626-1631
1632-1637
1638-1643
1644-1649
1650-1655
1710-1715
1716-1721
1722-1727
1728-1733
1734-1739
1740-1745
1746-1751
1752-1757
1758-1803
1804-1809
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
20
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
30
30
0
25
15
0
10
5
5
10
0
5
25
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.8
0
3.5
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
0
5.0
2.9
0
2.3
2.1
0
2.3
0.6
1.9
2.7
0
0.2
3.1
1.7
- 13 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(6-minute averages)
6-5
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1210-1215
1216-1221
1222-1227
1228-1233
1234-1239
1240-1245
1246-1251
1316-1321
1322-1327
1328-1333
1334-1339
1340-1345
1346-1351
1352-1357
1358-1403
1404-1409
1410-1415
1416-1421
1422-1427
1440-1445
1446-1451
1452-1457
1458-1503
1504-1509
1510-1515
1516-1521
1522-1527
1528-1533
1534-1539
1550-1555
1556-1601
1602-1607
1608-1613
1614-1619
1620-1625
1626-1631
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
30
90
0
0
80
100
15
65
0
0
30
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
85
0
40
5
10
0
10
40
0
60
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
5.8
11.7
0
0
30.0
19.2
1.5
9.2
0
0
7.7
5.6
0 6-5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.5
21.0
0
4.8
1.2
1.0
0
2.9
2.9
0
34.6
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1210-1215
1216-1221
1222-1227
1228-1233
1234-1239
1240-1245
1246-1251
1252-1257
1258-1303
1304-1309
1320-1325
1326-1331
1332-1337
1338-1343
1344-1349
1350-1355
1356-1401
1402-1407
1408-1413
1414-1419
1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1448-1453
1454-1459
1500-1505
1506-1511
1512-1517
1518-1523
1524-1529
1545-1549
1550-1556
1557-1602
1603-1608
1609-1614
1615-1620
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
22
24
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
10
0
0
0
5
0
90
0
0
5
0
-
20
90
15
65
0
0
30
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
20
0
5
20
0
10
35
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
0
1.0'
0
0
0
0.4
0
13. C
0
0
0
0
-
7.8
21.2
1.9
9.6
0
0
8.8
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16.0
1.9
0
0.6
2.3
0
1.7
2.5
- 14 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(6-minute averages)
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
6-5 1632-1637
1638-1643
1644-1649
1700-1705
1706-1711
1712-1717
1718-1723
1724-1729
1730-1735
1736-1741
1742-1747
1748-1753
1754-1759
6-6 1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1210-1215
1216-1221
1222-1227
1228-1233
1234-1239
1240-1245
1246-1251
1252-1257
1258-1303
1304-1309
1320-1325
1326-1331
1332-1337
1338-1343
1344-1349
1350-1355
1356-1401
1402-1407
1408-1413
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
16
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
15
60
45
70
5
0
50
0
5
0
10
0
10
30
20
25
10
0
5
5
25
30
5
0
10
0
0
25
15
0
20
15
10
5
20
15
15
75
0
20
3.3 6-5
0
3.8
14.2
16.5
21.0
0.4
0
12.1
0
0.7
0
1.0
0 6-6
5.2
6.0
5.8
4.2
1.5
0
0.7
0.6
4.4
5.8
0.2
0
1.2
0
0
6.5
2.7
0
5.6
4.6
3.8
0.6
6.9
1.8
1.9
11.9
0
3.8
1621-1626
1627-1632
1633-1638
1639-1644
1655-1700
1701-1706
1707-1712
1713-1718
1719-1724
1725-1730
1731-1736
1737-1742
1743-1748
1749-1754
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1210-1215
1216-1221
1222-1227
1228-1233
1234-1239
1240-1245
1246-1251
1252-1257
1258-1303
1304-1309
1320-1325
1326-1331
1332-1337
1338-1343
1344-1349
1350-1355
1356-1401
1402-1407
1408-1413
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
65
10
0
0
65
30
60
0
0
45
0
10
0
0
15
5
15
30
0
0
5
15
45
25
10
5
0
0
0
20
20
0
20
15
15
5
30
45
20
75
0
20
3.1
29.2
0.8
0
0
19.2
8.1
22.5
0
0
8.1
0
1.0
0
0
4.0
2.1
1.0
5.2
0
0
0.4
3.5
3.3
5.2
1.2
0.4
0
0
0
5.2
2.7
0
4.4
6.5
4.0
1.5
4.4
8.3
2.7
12.7
0
2.5
- 15 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9 (Continued)
(6-minute averages)
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
6-6
1414-
1430-
1436-
1442-
1448-
1454-
1500-
1506-
1512-
1518-
1524-
1419
1435
1441
1447
1453
1459
•1505
•1511
•1517
1523
•1529
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
5
5
10
5
10
10
0
5
60
0
9.8
1.5
0.8
1.7
0.6
1.9
0.6
0
0.8
22.5
6-6
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
1414-
1430-
1436-
1442-
1448-
1454-
1500-
1506-
1512-
1518-
1524-
•1419
•1435
1441
1447
1453
•1459
1505
1511
1517
1523
1529
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
45
5
10
0
15
15
5
0
60
0
2.3
11.2
0.4
1.0
0
1.2
1.9
0.2
0
16.2
- 16 -
-------
TABLE 2.4. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 22
Date
1980
Time
Accumulated
Observation
Time
(sec)
Accumulated Emission
Time (sec)
Observer 1
Observer 2
Emission Frequency
Percent
Observer 1
Observer 2
6/2 1215-1244
1255-1324
1256-1355
1400-1429
1440-1514
1525-1554
1605-1634
1645-1714
6/3 1115-1144
1155-1224
1235-1304
1315-1344
1355-1424
1435-1504
1540-1609
1620-1649
1700-1729
1740-1809
6/4 1100-1129
1140-1209
1220-1249
1300-1329
1080
1800
1800
1650
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1125
1605
1725
1800
1710
1800
1740
1800
1740
1800
1755
1770
35
0
186
358
51
260
59
171
709
695
653
575
434
60
388
1,740
847
0
364
a
362
311
241
462
411
24
314
246
92
479
778
634
585
441
80
396
1696
723
0
274
6
404
3.3
0
11.3
19.9
2.8
14.4
3.3
9.5
39.4
61.8
40.7
33.3
24.1
3.5
24.1
100.0
47.1
0
20.2
a
20.5
28.8
13.4
28.0
22.8
1.3
17.4
13.7
5.1
26.6
69.2
39.5
33.9
24.5
4.7
24.5
97.5
40.2
0
15.2
0.3
22.8
lStopwatch malfunctioned.
- 17 -
-------
TABLE 2.4. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 22 (CONTINUED)
Date
1980
Time
Accumulated
Observation
Time
Accumulated Emission
Time (sec)
Observer 1
Observer 2
Emission Frequency
Percent
Observer 1
Observer 2
6/4 1340-1409
1420-1449
1620-1649
1700-1729
1740-1809
6/5 1100-1129
1140-1209
1220-1249
1315-1344
1355-1424
1435-1504
1515-1544
1555-1624
1635-1704
1715-1744
1715-1734
1745-1814
1750-1814
6/6 1100-1129
1140-1209
1220-1249
1300-1329
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1695
1650
1770
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1725
1200
1740
1500
1500
1755
1800
1800
0
0
573
1, 231
576
0
59
221
925
333
55
497
480
154
532
80
519
255
74
525
0
0
670
1160
490
0
62
150
668
253
0
466
465
292
427
254
712
446
235
1215
0
0
31.8
68.4
32.0
0
3.6
12.5
51.4
18.5
3.1
27.6
26.7
8.6
30.9
5.3b
34.6
14.5
4.1
29.2
0
0
37.2
64.4
27.2
0
3.8
8.5
37.1
14.1
0
25.9
25.8
16.2
35. 6a
14.6
47.5
25.4
13.1
67.5
Based on a 20-minute observation period.
Based on a 25-minute observation period.
- 18 -
-------
TABLE 2.4. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 22 (CONTINUED)
Date
1980
Time
Accumulated
Observation
Time
(sec)
Accumulated Emission
Time (sec)
Observer 1
Observer 2
Emission Frequency
Percent
Observer 1
Observer 2
6/6
1340-1409
1420-1449
1500-1529
1540-1609
1620-1649
1725
1800
1800
1800
1800
742
582
614
207
352
910
632
672
1038
578
43.0
32.3
34.1
11.5
19.5
52.8
35.1
37.3
57.7
32.1
- 19 -
-------
TABLE 2.5. METHODS 9 AND 22 AVERAGES
EPA Method Overall Unobscured1 24 Consecutive Readings
9 2.9 2.8 2.8
22 24.5 23.1 N/A
Excludes any 6-minute or 30-minute or full set data with periods
of obscured view.
- 20 -
-------
TABLE 2.6. STACK GAS PARAMETERS - SECONDARY
INLET, NO. 2 FURNACE
Date Fan
1980 Condition
6-3 Auto
Average
fi -3 Med
(Blow)
Average
6-3 High
Average
Test
Number
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Flowrate
scfm
98,900
93,700
94,100
95,600
89,100
86,900
86,200
87,400
184,000
185,000
183,000
184,000
Stack
Temp
F
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
- 21 -
-------
3.0 OBSERVATION LOCATIONS AND EMISSION POINTS
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE (Q-BOP)
Both Furnace Nos. 1 and 2 were observed during the
study. The tap side of Furnace No. 2 was observed from
one of two positions depending on the wind direction:
Locations A and B, each about 20-feet southwest and
southeast of the furnace, respectively. Heating of the
teeming ladle with a gas flame made Location A very hot,
especially when the flames shot 3 to 6-feet above the
operations floor with the wind blowing toward Location
A. The observers would then move to Location B.. For
Furnace No. 1, the tap side location was approximately
20-feet southwest of the furnace (Location C).
The charge side observation location alternated
between Points D and E. Point D, used for observing
Furnace No.2, was about 75-feet northwest of the furnace.
Point E was about 40-feet northwest of Furnace No. 1.
The observation points on the tap side were the
best available. The tap side of the furnace was very
dangerous, especially during tapping when hot metal
would fly across the aisle. Due to a cramped working
area on this side, observers could not locate themselves
any further away from the furnace.
The observation locations on the charge side permitted
optimum viewing of the furnaces and were relatively safe
- 22 -
-------
from the slag pots and scrap ladles moving overhead.
Figure 3.1 presents a plan view of the Q-BOP shop and
respective observation locations.
ROOF MONITOR
The three location sites used during the study
afforded the best view of the roof monitor and were
the only ones available. These observation locations
are presented in Figure 3.2.
Observations for both Methods 9 and 22 began
each morning from a parking lot approximately 350-feet
due east of the roof monitor. The sun was behind the
observer's back until about 1400 at which time the
observers had to move to a second parking lot location
southeast of the roof monitor. The sun angle at this
point was between 85° and 95°.
A strong southerly wind on June 5, 1980 made observa-
tions from either of the previously mentioned locations
impossible. Therefore, observers repositioned themselves
in an old slag field approximately 300-feet northeast
of the roof monitor. With clear sky conditions, the sun
would have interfered with the readings. However, it was
a cloudy, overcast day and direct sunlight was blocked.
VELOCITY TRAVERSE
The secondary scrubber inlet was a 96-inch I.D.
duct located approximately 50-feet above ground level.
The duct was accessed through a 3-inch sampling port
- 23 -
-------
Tap side
Charge side
Pulpit
Figure 3.1. Basic oxygen furnace observation locations.
-------
•N
K
1
n_
/mi i
1 1 in mi ii ii mi Him mi i ii 1 1 ii in mi minium ii minium IHI/
i
/.
A pm
Guard house
Infirmary
Garage
Admin.
building
'
am
Slag
field
location
Figure 3.2. Roof monitor observation locations,
-------
which was less than one duct diameter downstream and
less than one duct diameter upstream from any flow distur-
bances. Velocity pressures were measured at 24 traverse
points. The temperature was assumed to be ambient.
Traverse points 1 through 8 had no velocity pressures due
to the poor sampling location (inadequate port to
disturbance distances). Figure 3.3 presents a plan view
of the sampling location and a stack cross-section.
Velocity traverses could not be conducted during
a heat cycle because of the unsafe sampling location.
The overhead crane barely cleared the ductwork above
the furnace and no one was allowed in that area during the
oxygen blow. Therefore, only the fan was run to simulate
actual operating conditions in the stack. Stack temperatures
under this condition were ambient but could vary greatly
(increase) during a heat cycle. This should be taken
into consideration when reviewing flowrate data. Three
traverses were made under each of three fan operating
conditions: auto, medium, and high.
- 26 -
-------
Duct
junction
Bend
Sampling
port
Flow from
- Q-BOP
Q-BOP
enclosure
Elevation view
96-in. I.D.
Figure 3.3.
Sampling location and
stack cross-section.
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Point
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Distance
(Inches)
1.1
3.1
5.3
7.6
10.1
12.7
15.5
18.6
22.1
26.1
31.0
38.2
57.8
65.0
69.9
73.9
77.4
80.5
83.3
85.9
88.4
90.7
92.9
94.9
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4.0 OBSERVATION PROCEDURES
Visible emission observations were performed in
accordance with EPA Method 22, Visible Determinations of
Fugitive Emissions from Material Processing Sources, and
EPA Method 9, Visual Determination of the Opacity of
Emissions from Stationary Sources.
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
The entire heat of the furnace was observed. A
single heat, which was also considered one test run,
included the scrap charge, hot metal charge, oxygen blow,
turndown, any additional blows and turndowns, tapping,
and deslagging. Two persons observed the charge side
and two observed the tap side, simultaneously, all four
using Method 22. Radio communications provided coordina-
tion between the observers during each test. The designated
start and stop times for the above sequences were keyed to
the following activities:
Scrap charge (charging doors open)- from start of
ladle tilt to its return to an upright position.
Hot metal charge (charging doors open)- two hot metal
ladles were used to charge the furnace. The onset
of the nitrogen purge prior to the hot metal
addition signified the start of the hot metal charge
and ended when the charge doors closed.
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Oxygen Blow (charging doors closed) - flames would
appear along the top of the furnace at the onset
and completion of the oxygen blow. These flames
were used as the start and finishing points of
the blow.
Turndown (charging doors closed)- as the furnace
tilts forward a bright glow appears at the upper
edge of the charging doors signifying the start
of turndown. (The bright glow turned into flames as
the furnace tilted to a 45° position). Turndown is
completed when the glow disappears from the upper
edge of doors as the furnace returns to its
upright position.
Tapping (charging doors closed) - as the furnace
tilts backwards, (toward tapping side), the bright
glow of the metal can be seen at the lower edge
of the door indicating the start of tapping.
Completion is when the glow disappears as the
furnace tilts upright.
Deslagging (charging doors closed) - as the furnace
tilts forward a bright glow at the edge of the
charging doors signified the start of deslagging.
Deslagging is completed when the glow disappears
from the upper edge of the doors as the furnace
returns to its upright position.
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The heats were generally back to back extending the observa-
tion period to two or more hours. This was in violation
of Method 22 which requires that the observer take a
5 to 10-minute break for every 15 to 20-minutes of
observations. Since emissions were noted during the
oxygen blow in the first three tests, the entire heat
had to be observed, from the scrap charge to the end of
deslagging. So as not to violate Method 22, alternate
heats were read. A total of 10 heats were observed.
Roof Monitor
Four observers were situated outside the BOF
shop to observe the fugitive emissions from the roof
monitor. Two persons used Method 22, taking a 10-minute
break in between each 30-minute observation. The other
two persons read Method 9 for 1-hour intervals with 10-
minute breaks. All four observations began simultaneously,
with the exception of the Method 9 readings obtained on
June 5, 1980. A discrepancy in observation times between
the Method 9 readers was noted after observers relocated
due to a wind change (about 1300). Thereafter, the 1-hour
intervals were not simultaneous for the remainder of
that day.
Velocity Traverse
Exhaust gas sampling was conducted in accordance
with procedures outlined in the U.S. Environmental
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Protection Agency's "Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources"(Federal Register 40CFR60, December
23, 1971, as amended through August 18, 1977), Methods
1 and 2.
The duct was divided into equal areas and exhaust
gas velocities and temperatures were measured at each
midpoint. Velocity pressures were obtained using an
S-type Pitot tube and inclined 0 to 10-inch water
gauge manometer. Temperatures were measured with an
iron-constantan (I/O thermocouple attached to the
Pitot tube and to a calibrated pyrometer.
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