oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 80-BOF-8
October 1980
Air
Steel Processing
Fugitive Emissions
Emission Test Report
Republic Steel Company
Cleveland, Ohio
-------
FUGITIVE EMISSION EVALUATION REPORT
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
REPUBLIC STEEL
Cleveland, Ohio
Prepared for the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc.
25711 Southfield Road
Southfield, Michigan 48075
EMB REPORT NO. 80-BOF-8
Work Assignment 33
Contract No. 68-02-2817
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Tables i
List of Figures ii
1.0 Introduction ]_
2.0 Discussion of Results 2
3.0 Observation Locations and Emission 33
Points
4.0 Observation Procedures 39
APPENDICES
A. Project Participants
B. Field Data Sheets
B-l. Basic Oxygen Furnace (Method 22)
B-2. Roof Monitor Readings
B-2.1 Method 9
B-2.2 Method 22
B-3. Hot Metal Transfer (Method 22)
C. Method 9
D. Method 22
E. Visible Emission Certifications of Observers
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2.1 Summary of Fugitive Emissions - 3
Vessel Operations
2.2 Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 9, 8
Percent Opacity (24 consecutive readings)
2.3 Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 9, 17
Percent Opacity (6-minute averages)
2.4 Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 22 27
2.5 Methods 9 and 22 Averages 30
2.6 Summary of Hot Metal Transfer 31
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
3.1 Basic Oxygen Furnace Observation 34
Locations - Elevation and Plan Views
3.2 Hot Metal Transfer Observation 36
Locations
3.3 Roof Monitor Observation Locations 38
11
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Clean Air Act mandates that Standards of
Performance be established for new stationary air
pollution sources. Establishment of these standards
requires that an emission data base be developed for
each source category. This data is used as a guide for
the establishment of Performance Standards which will
minimize air quality degradation and yet not be impossible
to attain.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
retained Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc., to
visibly evaluate fugitive emissions emanating from the
basic oxygen furnace (EOF) operations at Republic Steel
in Cleveland, Ohio. Observations included fugitive
emissions from the vessel operations (scrap charge, hot
metal charge, oxygen blow, turndown, reblows, tapping,
and deslagging), hot metal transfer, and the roof
monitor. The field study was completed during the week
of June 9, 1980.
The results of this study will be used for supporting
New Source Performance Standards for fugitive process
emissions in the iron and steel industry. This study
was commissioned as Project No. 80-BOF-8, Contract No.
68-02-2817, and Work Assignment 33. Project participants
are listed in Appendix A.
-------
2.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
Table 2.1 presents the Method 22 results of the
fugitive emission readings taken during the various
vessel operations. Emission rates are expressed as a
frequency, the percent of time emissions are visible
during the observation period. Each run constitutes
one heat. A total of 13 heats were observed.
The interval between two cycles(e.g., scrap charge
and hot metal charge) was designated as interim. Generally,
there was an interim between each cycle, however, only
those interims with emissions are presented in the results.
Emissions from the scrap charge ranged from 0 to 97-
percent on the charging side and 0 to 86-percent on the
tap side. Emissions during the hot metal charge ranged
from 0 to 74-percent on the charging side and from 0 to
100-percent on the tap side.
During turndown, fugitive emissions ranged from 0 to
100 percent on the charge side, and from 0 to 100 percent
on the tap side.
Tapping emissions ranged from 0 to 98-percent on the
charge side and from 13 to 100-percent on the tap side.
Deslagging resulted in fugitive emissions ranging
from 27 to 100-percent on the charge side and from 0 to
100-percent on the tap side of the furnace.
These wide emission frequency ranges substantiate
the problems encountered during this study which are
fully discussed in Section 3.0.
- 2 -
-------
TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS - VESSEL OPERATIONS
1 own
Date
Time
Run No.
a
Cycle
Furnace
Number
Emission Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
Obs.
2
Tap Side
Obs.
3
Obs.
4
6/9
1512
1
I
00
I
6/9
1605
2
a
SC =
HMC =
02 =
TD =
SC
HMC
INT
02
TD
02 1
TD
TD
TAP
INT
DS
SC
HMC
INT
02
TD 1
02
TD
TAP
DS
scrap charge
hot metal charge
oxygen blow
turndown
48
14
0
<1
94
0
94
0
96
0
100
82
71
0
6
83
0
30
49
100
INT =
TAP =
DS =
49
16
0
<1
93
0
60
0
81
0
100
92
74
0
6
82
0
35
63
100
interim
tapping
deslagging
19
63
18
40
96
0
18
0
91
74
97
8
94
68
84
85
7
39
85
0
8
89
0
38
93
0
41
0
98
0
87
0
92
0
57
47
0
0
96
0
1 QQA
j.ydu
Date
Time
Sun No.
Cycle
Furnace
Number
Emission Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
Obs.
2
Tap Side
Obs.
3
Obs.
4
6/10
0820
3
SCI
SC2
HMC
INT
02
TD
02
TD
TD
02
TD
02
TD
INT
TD
02
TD
TAP
INT
37
0
39
0
3
86
0
100
44
0
1 100
0
87
1
8
0
86
95
19
0
5
34
0
2
81
0
98
19
0
100
0
88
0
2
0
86
94
22
58
31
34
25
91
100
0
80
32
15
28
0
89
2
0
28
73
98
18
0
31
95
0
0
93
0
47
0
28
0
0
0
0
0
16
98
19
-------
TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS - VESSEL OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
1980
Date
Time
Run No.
Cycle
Furnace
Emission Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
Obs.
2
Tap Side
Obs.
3
Obs.
4
SC
INT
HMC
INT
02
INT
TD
«/" TNO
02
INT
TD
INT
TD
INT
TAP
INT
DS
97
0
0
0
1
0
95
22
76
0
50
83
19
0
0
4
0
79
88
0
0
0
2
0
99
69
0
41
100
49
4
0
0
0
99
39
77
74
28
92
83
76
68
46
42
68
92
71
0
94
100
0
74
86
69
70
0
92
0
88
58
87
39
68
97
74
0
63
78
100
94
1 QOA
Date
Run No.
Cycle
Furnace
Emission Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
Obs.
2
Tap Side
Obs.
3
Obs.
4
6/10
1335
5
6/10
1513
6
SC
HMC
INT
02
TD
02
INT
TD
INT
TAP
INT
DS
SC
INT
HMC
INT
02
INT
TD
INT
02
TD 1
TAP
DS
86
0
0
13
88
71
2 17
91
0
39
22
100
31
0
0
0
8
0
2 45
0
0
38
61
86
86
0
0
12
88
36
15
95
0
42
13
100
32
0
0
0
9
0
34
0
0
32
62
86
13
84
30
83
100
85
0
91
7
96
61
51
11
37
90
72
68
13
6
2
78
-
67
0
69
95
38
83
100
93
0
81
12
100
58
100
23
86
100
100
60
0
30
0
97
6
59
30
•"•Turndown included two turndowns with an interim of rocking the furnace.
-------
TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS - VESSEL OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
i cifln
Date
Run No.
Cycle
Furnace
Emission Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
Obs.
2
Tap Side
Obs.
3
Obs.
4
1 QRO
Date
Run No.
Cycle
Furnace
Emission Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
Obs.
2
Tap Side
Obs.
3
Obs.
4
6/11
0802
7
6/11
0847
8
SC
INT
HMC
022
TD 1
TD
TAP
INT
DS
SC
HMP
ill l\^
02
TD
INT
TD 1
TD
INT
TAP
INT
DS
20
0
19
-
25
44
96
100
100
91
1 A
-L'i
5
29
14
13
0
76
9
o n
80
24
0
30
-
24
38
98
0
100
86
5
21
9
32
0
58
46
O T
81
0
39
59
82
0
2
95
28
38
0
O Q
o y
83
0
0
0
0
25
94
0
0
39
57
_
0
0
97
50
31
0
Q O
O j
86
0
0
0
0
47
100
0
0
6/11
1017
9
6/11
1323
10
6/12
0959
11
SC
HMC
02
TD
02
INT
TD
INT
TD
TAP
DS
SC
HMC
INT
02
TD
TD
TAP
DS
HMC
02
TD
TD
TAP
DS
8
7
<1
73
45
1 38
48
29
48
25
96
63
2
0
4
1 52
44
18
82
9
32
4
2 59
0
6
27
9
3
1
61
45
40
64
28
100
22
—
75
2
0
1
50
27
18
83
10
28
5
56
0
6
29
0
84
80
20
57
0
0
5
8
91
6
0
81
57
52
8
0
86
0
0
0
1
0
0
39
10
0
88
85
0
58
8
5
0
0
100
0
0
82
100
30
11
0
87
0
0
0
3
0
0
18
11
2Building filled with smoke, readings voided.
-------
TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS - VESSEL OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Date
Run No.
Cycle
Furnace
Emission Frequency, Percent
Charge Side
Obs.
1
Obs.
2
Tap Side
Obs.
3
Obs.
4
6/12
1107
12
6/12
1324
13
HMC
02
TD
TD
02
TD
02
TD
TAP
DS
sc
HMC
02
TD
TD
02 2
TD
02
TD
TAP
DS
43
8
62
91
23
50
19
11
9
62
22
10
30
4
0
18
21
0
7
1
100
40
9
63
86
16
45
14
34
8
77
23
14
27
8
0
21
22
0
6
3
97
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
9
0
0
2
0
0
0
7
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
30
21
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
5
-------
ROOF MONITOR
Method 9
Visible emission data were reduced using two methods.
In Table 2.2, percent opacities were averaged for 24
consecutive readings, excluding any interferences. This
method does not permit direct comparison of simultaneous
observations. Table 2.3 presents the percent opacities
in 6-minute averages, which includes all interferences,
although averages were based only on the number of
opacity readings taken during the set.
Method 22
Results of the Method 22 roof monitor readings are
presented in Table 2.4. Any corresponding interference
times noted on the Method 9 data sheets were subtracted
from each observer's accumulated observation time.
Overall and unobscured averages for both Methods 9 and
22 are presented in Table 2.5.
HOT METAL TRANSFER
Table 2.6 presents the results of the data collected
during hot metal transfer using Method 22. At this
facility, several torpedo cars were emptied to fill one
ladle; however, each pour of a single torpedo car
constituted one emission test. Usually, the desulfuriza-
tion material would be at the bottom of the ladle during
the first pour; these pours were therefore called "desulf-
urization runs". All other pours were hot metal transfers,
- 7 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 Time
6/9 1430-1437
1437-1445
1446-1451
1452-1458
1458-1504
1504-1510
1510-1516
1516-1523
1523-1540
1540-1546
1546-1552
1552-1558
1558-1605
1605-1611
1611-1617
1618-1624
1624-1631
1631-1638
1638-1704
6/10 0730-0735
0736-0744
0744-0752
0752-0758
0758-0804
0804-0810
0810-0816
0816-0822
0822-0828
0828-0845
0845-0852
0852-0858
0859-0909
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
0
10
5
0
0
5
15
10
15
10
15
10
20
15
15
5
15
100
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
10
20
0
5
5
1
Avg.
0
0
2.9
4.0
0
0
0.6
8.3
2.5
4.0
3.8
3.1
3.1
7.9
8.8
3.3
0.4
1.5
12.3
0
0
16.5
0
0
0
0
0
2.7
6.0
0
2.5
1.9
Date
1980 Time
6/9 1430-1437
1437-1443
1443-1449
1449-1455
1455-1501
1501-1507
1508-1514
1514-1520
1520-1526
1526-1542
1542-1548
1549-1555
1555-1601
1601-1607
1607-1613
1613-1619
1620-1626
1627-1634
1635-1640
1650-1710
6/10 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0756
0756-0802
0802-0808
0808-0814
0814-0820
0820-0827
0827-0842
0842-0849
0850-0855
0856-0907
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
0
5
10
10
0
0
25
10
10
15
10
15
10
25
15
10
0
15
100
0
0
5
75
0
0
0
0
10
15
0
5
5
2
Avg.
0
0
0.2
6.0
1.5
0
0
7.5
5.0
1.9
8.8
1.5
6.9
1.7
13.8
7.1
1.7
a
7.5
23.1
0
0
1.7
12.5
0
0
0
0
2.7
5.2
0
1.2
4.4
- 8 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
Ti mf=>
IQflO J.-LAU«
J._?O \J
6/10 0909-0916
0916-0922
0922-0928
0928-0936
0936-0952
0952-0958
0958-1004
1004-1010
1010-1016
1016-1022
1022-1028
1028-1034
1035-1040
1041-1046
1047-1102
1103-1109
1109-1115
1115-1121
1121-1127
1127-1133
1133-1139
1139-1145
1145-1151
Observer 1
jow High Avg.
0 5 0.2
0 5 2.1
0 5 3.3
0 5 0.2
0 15 3.1
000
000
000
000
000
0 15 2.5
000
000
000
0 5 0.2
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
1151-1157 000
1157-1248 0 15 4.2
1248-1254 000
1254-1300 000
Date
Time
1980
6/10 0907-0913
0913-0919
0919-0925
0926-0931
0932-0937
0938-0953
0954-0959
1000-1006
1006-1012
1012-1018
1018-1024
1024-1031-
1031-1038
1038-1044
1044-1100
1100-1106
1106-1112
1112-1118
1118-1125
1125-1131
1131-1137
1138-1144
1144-1150
1150-1156
1156-1257
1257-1303
1303-1309
Observer 2
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High Avg.
15 0.6
0 0
10 3.1
5 1.7
5 0.2
10 2.5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 0.8
10 1.2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
15 3.1
10 1.0
0 0
1300-1307 0 ^ n
V w
1307-1314 000
1309-1315
1315-1321
0
0
1314-1320 0 "
^ u
1321-1327
1320-1326 0 n n
~ \J
1327-1333
1326-1332 0 n n
— w
1333-1339
1332-1338 000
1338-1355 0 10 n A
V/ • ~T
1339-1345
1345-1351
o
o
o
0
0
0 0
o o
o o
0 0
\J w
n 0
U w
o o
0 0
- 9 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 Time
6/10 1355-1401
1401-1407
1407-1415
1416-1422
1422-1428
1428-1434
1434-1441
1441-1448
1448-1454
1454-1514
1514-1520
1520-1526
1526-1533
1533-1539
1539-1547
1547-1554
1554-1600
1600-1618
1618-1624
1624-1631
1632-1637
1638-1643
1644-1649
1650-1655
1656-1702
1702-1708
6/11 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0748
0748-0754
0754-0800
Observer
Low
10
10
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
15
20
55
10
20
20
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
40
0
20
20
10
20
0
5
0
20
5
0
5
10
5
0
1
Avg.
11.0
11.9
17.7
1.0
6.0
11.0
2.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
3.3
0
2.1
4.0
2.1
2.9
0
0.2
0
10.2
0.8
0
0.4
4.4
2.9
0
Date
1980 Time
6/10 1351-1357
1357-1403
1403-1409
1409-1417
1417-1423
1423-1429
1429-1435
1435-1442
1442-1448
1448-1454
1454-1513
1513-1519
1519-1525
1525-1534
1534-1540
1540-1546
1546-1552
1552-1558
1558-1604
1604-1622
1622-1630
1630-1636
1636-1642
1642-1648
1648-1654
1654-1702
1702-1708
6/11 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
Observer
Low
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
10
15
45
65
15
15
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
40
0
0
20
20
20
0
0
0
20
5
0
0
10
5
0
2
Avg.
4.6
12.1
7.3
16.9
1.9
7.7
12.1
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.3
3.8
0
0
2.3
4.2
2.7
0
0
0
8.3
0.2
0
0
3.8
3.5
0
- 10 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 Tlme
6/11 0800-0806
0806-0812
0812-0818
0818-0824
0824-0840
0840-0846
0846-0852
0852-0858
0858-0904
0904-0910
0910-0916
0916-0922
0922-0928
0928-0934
0934-0950
0950-0956
0956-1002
1002-1008
1008-1014
1014-1021
1021-1027
1028-1033
1033-1039
1039-1045
1045-1101
1102-1107
1108-1113
1114-1121
1122-1127
1128-1135
Observer 1
Low
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High Avg .
10 0.8
70 14.2
15 7.1
15 2.3
0 0
5 0.4
5 0.8
0 0
0 0
5 1.2
40 6.0
25 4.2
0 0
10 1.2
0 0
0 0
100 20.4
0 0
10 0.8
10 0.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
25 3.3
0 0
30 2.3
0 0
0 0
5 0.6
Date
1980 Time
6/11 0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0903-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1125
1125-1132
Observer
Low
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
70
5
20
0
0
5
0
0
10
45
55
0
20
0
0
100
0
5
10
0
0
0
0
10
0
50
0
0
0
2
Avg.
0
18.5
5.0
4.0
0
0
0.4
0
0
1.2
6.5
6.2
0
1.5
0
0
22.5
0
0.2
0.8
0
0
0
0
1.5
0
5.4
0
0
0
- 11 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 ime
6/11 1135-1142
1142-1148
1148-1154
1154-1300
1300-1306
1306-1312
1312-1318
1318-1326
1326-1334
1334-1340
1340-1346
1346-1352
1352-1358
1358-1414
1414-1420
1420-1426
1426-1432
1432-1440
1440-1446
1446-1452
1452-1458
1458-1508
1509-1532
1532-1540
1540-1546
1546-1554
1554-1600
1601-1607
1607-1614
1614-1620
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
High
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
10
10
5
10
5
0
5
15
40
15
15
5
5
5
10
15
15
15
10
20
20
5
10
1 Date
Tl TT1Q
1980
Avg.
0 6/11 1132-1138
0 1138-1144
0 1144-1150
0.6 1150-1156
0 1156-1302
0.4 1302-1308
0 1308-1314
0.6 1314-1320
0.6 1320-1328
1.7 1328-1334
1.5 1334-1340
0.4 1340-1346
0 1346-1352
1.2 1352-1358
6.7 1358-1414
20.2 1414-1421
11.5 1421-1427
5.0 1427-1433
1.2 1433-1440
0.6 1441-1446
0.2 1447-1452
2.1 1453-1458
6.0 1459-1506
4.8 1506-1526
3.5 1526-1533
3.5 1533-1540
8.3 1540-1546
7.5 1546-1553
4.8 1554-1600
6.2 1601-1613
1614-1619
Observer 2
Low High Avg.
0 5 0.4
000
000
000
0 5 0.4
0 10 0.8
000
000
000
0 5 0.2
0 5 0.6
000
0 5 0.4
000
0 10 1.5
0 40 10.4
10 25 15.2
5 10 5.6
5 5 5.0
0 15 2.5
000
000
0 15 3.8
0 15 5.2
0 10 5.6
0 5 2.5
0 15 2.7
0 5 1.2
5 15 7.3
0 15 5.2
0 15 7.1
- 12 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 lme
6/12 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0904-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
High
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
10
5
10
0
10
15
15
5
0
5
15
10
5
0
0
0
25
25
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
5
1 Date
1980
Avg.
0 6/12 0730-0735
0 0736-0741
0 0742-0747
0 0748-0753
0 0754-0759
0 0800-0805
5.8 0806-0811
0.8 0812-0817
2.1 0818-0823
2.3 0824-0829
0 0840-0845
3.3 0846-0851
11.7 0852-0859
6.7 0900-0905
0.2 0906-0911
0 0912-0917
2.5 0918-0923
5.8 0924-0929
5.2 0930-0935
4.6 0934-0951
0 0952-0957
0 0958-1003
0 1004-1009
2.5 1010-1015
13.5 1016-1021
0 1022-1027
0 1028-1033
2.7 1034-1039
4.0 1040-1045
0.4 1046-1101
0 1102-1107
0 1108-1113
0.8 1114-1119
Observer 2
Low High Avg,
000
000
000
000
000
000
0 45 5.8
000
0 20 2.5
0 5 1.2
000
0 5 1.0
0 15 12.5
0 15 5.0
000
000
0 10 4,6
5 10 5.2
0 5 2.9
000
000
000
000
0 55 19.8
0 15 1.5
000
000
0 10 3.1
000
000
000
000
0 5 2.1
- 13 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 Tlme
6/12 1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1300-1305
1306-1311
1312-1317
1318-1323
1324-1329
1330-1337
1337-1343
1344-1349
1350-1355
1356-1411
1412-1417
1418-1423
1424-1429
1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1448-1453
1454-1459
1500-1505
1506-1541
1542-1547
1548-1553
1554-1559
1600-1605
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
High
5
0
25
10
15
5
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
45
5
5
5
5
5
45
75
15
0
5
10
10
5
5
1 Date
i -,„,-,„ Time
1980
Avg.
4.0 6/12 1120-1125
0 1126-1131
5.0 1132-1137
0.8 1138-1143
1.7 1144-1149
0.4 1150-1155
0 1156-1301
0 1302-1307
0 1308-1313
0 1314-1319
0.6 1320-1325
3.5 1326-1331
0 1332-1337
0 1338-1343
0 1344-1349
0 1350-1355
9.6 1356-1411
1.9 1412-1420
2.3 1420-1426
1.2 1426-1432
2.7 1432-1438
4.4 1438-1444
12.3 1444-1450
16.0 1450-1456
2.7 1456-1502
0 1502-1508
0.4 1508-1544
5.8 1544-1550
6.0 1550-1556
5.0 1556-1602
0.6 1602-1608
Observer 2
Low High Avg.
0 5 0.8
000
0 15 3.3
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
0 10 2.7
0 5 1.0
000
000
000
000
0 15 4.2
0 5 0.2
0 5 1.9
0 5 1.0
0 5 2.1
0 5 4.8
0 45 10.6
0 70 18.8
000
000
0 5 2.7
10 65 38.3
0 15 4.2
0 10 2.5
000
- 14 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 Tlme
6/12 1606-1614
1614-1621
1621-1627
1627-1633
6/13 0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0830-0835
0836-0841
0842-0847
0848-0853
0854-0859
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0940-0945
0946-0951
0952-0957
0958-1003
1004-1009
1010-1029
1030-1035
1036-1041
1042-1047
1048-1053
1054-1059
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
High
10
25
35
5
0
0
0
25
25
0
45
5
5
5
0
75
75
5
10
5
0
0
5
10
40
0
0
0
0
10
1
Avg.
2.3
6.0
6.2
3.1
0
0
0
5.2
9.4
0
4.6
3.1
5.0
4.8
0
38.1
39.2
3.1
4.0
2.1
0
0
4.0
5.6
9.8
0
0
0
0
5.6
Date
1980 Tlme
6/12 1608-1619
1619-1625
1625-1631
6/13 0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0830-0835
0836-0841
0842-0847
0848-0853
0854-0859
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0940-0945
0946-0951
0952-0957
0958-1003
1004-1009
1025-1030
1031-1036
1037-1042
1043-1048
1049-1054
1055-1100
1101-1106
Observer
Low
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
High
35
70
5
0
0
0
40
20
0
40
5
5
5
5
65
65
5
25
5
0
0
5
15
55
0
0
0
5
30
20
2
Avg.
9.6
8.8
0.8
0
0
0
9.6
9.8
0
5.0
4.2
2.7
5.0
3.3
39.0
27.7
2.7
6.5
2.3
0
0
3.8
6.2
11.0
0
0
0
0.2
11.2
10.4
- 15 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(24 consecutive readings)
Date
1980 e
6/13 1100-11Q5
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1139
1140-1145
1146-1151
1152-1157
1158-1203
1204-1209
1210-1216
1217-1222
1223-1228
Observer
Low
5
Q
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
High
15
50
0
0
5
10
25
35
15
5
0
5
5
1 Date
Ti ma
1980
Avg.
5.8 6/13 1107-1112
10.0 1113-1118
0 1119-1124
0 1135-1140
3.5 1141-1146
5.4 1147-1152
4.6 1153-1158
9.4 1159-1204
7.7 1205-1210
2.5 1211-1219
0 1219-1225
2.5 1225-1231
1.9
Observer 2
Low High Avg .
0 50 11.2
000
0 5 0.2
0 5 4.4
0 10 4.6
0 25 4.4
5 30 9.4
5 10 7.3
0 5 2.1
0 5 0.6
0 5 2.9
0 5 2.7
- 16 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY
(6-minute averages.)
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
6/9 1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1448-1453
1454-1459
1500-1505
1506-1511
1512-1517
1518-1523
1524-1529
1540-1545
1546-1551
1552-1557
1558-1603
1604-1609
1610-1615
1616-1621
1622-1627
1628-1633
1634-1639
1650-1655
1656-1701
1702-1707
1708-1713
1714-1719
6/10 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
0800-0805
0806-0811
6
7
3
0
1
0
1
1
3
4
1
0
0
2
1
2
0
2
7
1
11
24
19
22
13
0
10
2
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
-
50
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
5
0
0
10
15
10
10
15
15
15
20
15
15
5
0
15
15
-
100
10
10
0
0
5
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.6
2.4
0
0
2.2
8.1
2.8
2.6
5.2
1.2
5.4
4.6
11.1
5.2
0.7
0
4.3
7.3
-
78.0
7.5
4.5
0
0
1.8
18.7
0
0
0
6/9 1430-1435
1436-1441
1442-1447
1448-1453
1454-1459
1500-1505
1506-1511
1512-1517
1518-1523
1524-1529
1540-1545
1546-1551
1552-1557
1558-1603
1604-1609
1610-1615
1616-1621
1622-1627
1628-1633
1634-1639
1650-1655
1656-1701
1702-1707
1708-1713
1714-1719
6/10 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
0800-0805
0806-0811
6
0
0
0
1
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
2
5
6
0
10
24
18
20
12
0
0
0
8
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
o-
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
-
50
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
0
0
25
10
10
15
15
15
15
25
25
10
5
0
15
15
-
100
5
10
0
0
5
75
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.2
2.6
0
0
4.5
7.9
2.3
2.5
7.7
1.4
6.8
6.0
11.9
5.7
0.5
0
5.4
6.1
-
75.0
5.0
5.0
0
0
1.7
18.8
0
0
0
- 17 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-minute averages)
6/10
Time
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0904-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
Observer 1
No. of
Inter- Lc
ferences
3W High
000
005
0 0 10
2 0 20
600
005
12 0 5
805
300
005
105
805
0 0 15
000
000
000
000
000
0 0 10
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0 15
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Date
Avg . 1980
0 6/10
1.0
1.7
6.6
0
2.3
4.2
0.3
0
1.9
3.0
1.2
3.1
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
1.2
0
0
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
Time
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0904-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
Observer 2
No. of
Inter- Low
ferences
1 0
1 0
2 0
2 0
4 0
0 0
11 5
12 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
1 0
4 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 0
0 0
2 0
1 0
High Avg.
0 0
5 0.7
10 2.7
15 5.2
0 0
5 2.9
5 5.0
15 1.2
0 0
10 2.0
5 2.5
5 0.4
10 2.7
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 0.9
10 1.5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
- 18 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-ninute averages)
6/10
Time
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1245-1250
1251-1256
1257-1302
1303-1308
1309-1314
1315-1320
1321-1326
1327-1332
1333-1338
1339-1344
1355-1400
1401-1406
1407-1412
1413-1418
1419-1424
1425-1430
1431-1436
1437-1442
1443-1448
1449-1454
1505-1510
1511-1516
1517-1522
1523-1528
1529-1534
1535-1540
1541-1546
Observer 1
No. of
Inter- Lc
ferences
3W High
000
000
000
1 0 15
000
300
000
300
000
000
000
200
100
Q' 10 15
0 10 20
Date
Avg. 1980
0 6/10
0
0
4.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.8
12.1
1 0 55 18.9
13 0 5
0 0 10
0 0 20
0 0 20
2 0 25
400
000
18 0 0
000
000
000
200
100
9 0 20
0.9
1.7
9.6
6.5
3.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.0
Time
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1255-1300
1301-1306
•1307-1312
1313-1318
1319-1324
1325-1330
1331-1336
1337-1342
1343-1348
1349-1354
1355-1400
1401-1406
1407-1412
1413-1418
1419-1424
1425-1430
1431-1436
1437-1442
1443-1448
1449-1454
1505-1510
1511-1516
1517-1522
1523-1528
1529-1534
1535-1540
1541-1546
Observer 2
No. of
Inter- Low High Avg.
ferences
2 000
0 000
0 000
0 0 15 4.2
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 5 15 9.8
0 5 15 10.2
0 5 65 20.8
7 000
0 0 15 2.7
0 0 15 10.6
0 0 15 8.3
5 0 15 3.2
0 000
0 000
12 000
0 000
0 000
2 000
8 000
0 000
0 0 40 3.3
- 19 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-minute averages)
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
6/10 1547-1552
1553-1558
1559-1604
1615-1620
1621-1626
1627-1632
1633-1638
1639-1644
1645-1650
1651-1656
1657-1702
1703-1708
1709-1714
6/11 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0904-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
3
0
0
8
2
4
0
0
0
0
2
2
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
0
0
20
20
20
10
0
5
0
20
5
10
0
5
10
5
0
5
70
15
15
0
5
5
0
0
5
40
25
0
3.8
0
0
3.1
6.6
1.8
1.5
0
0.2
0
11.6
0.5
0.6
0
0.4
4.3
3.1
0
0.4
14.4
6.7
2.9
0
0.2
1.0
0
0
1.2
5.2
5.0
0
6/10 1547-1552
1553-1558
1559-1604
1615-1620
1621-1626
1627-1632
1633-1638
1639-1644
1645-1650
1651-1656
1657-1702
1703-1708
1709-1714
6/11 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0904-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0
0
0
8
8
2
0
0
0
0
7
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
0
0
20
20
20
5
0
0
5
20
0
0
0
0
10
5
0
0
70
5
20
0
0
5
0
0
10
45
55
0
3.8
0
0
3.4
6.2
2.5
0.4
0
0
0.2
11.8
0
0
0
0
3.8
3.5
0
0
18.5
5.0
4.0
0
0
0.4
0
0
1.2
6.5
6.2
0
- 20 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-minute averages)
6/11
Time
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1300-1305
1306-1311
1312-1317
1318-1323
1324-1329
1330-1335
1336-1341
1342-1347
1348-1353
1354-1359
Observer 1
No. of
Inter- Lc
ferences
3w High
0 0 10
000
000
0 0 100
000
000
3 0 10
000
000
000
000
2 0 25
000
0 0 30
005
800
100
405
500
000
000
005
000
005
000
7 0 10
000
9 0 10
0 0 10
100
005
005
Date
Avg. 1980
1.2 6/11
0
0
20.4
0
0
1.9
0
0
0
0
3.6
0
2.1
0.2
0
0
0.8
0
0
0
0.6
0
0.4
0
0.9
0
1.3
2.9
0
0.4
0.2
Time
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1300-1305
1306-1311
1312-1317
1318-1323
1324-1329
1330-1335
1336-1341
1342-1347
1348-1353
1354-1359
Observer 2
No. of
Inter- Low
ferences
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
6 0
5 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
6 0
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
o o
High Avg.
20 1.5
0 0
0 0
100 22.5
0 0
5 0.2
10 0.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
10 1.5
0 0
50 5.4
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 0.4
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 0.4
0 0
10 0.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
5 0.2
5 0.6
0 0
5 0.4.
10 0.6
- 21 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-minute averages)
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
6/11 1410-1415
1416-1421
1422-1427
1428-1433
1434-1439
1440-1445
1446-1451
1452-1457
1458-1503
1504-1509
1524-1529
1530-1535
1536-1541
1542-1547
1548-1553
1554-1559
1600-1605
1606-1611
1612-1617
1618-1623
6/12 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0
3
0
0
8
0
0
0
14
3
14
1
7
2
5
3
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
25
40
15
15
5
5
0
10
10
15
10
5
15
10
15
20
5
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
10
5
10
0
2.1
10.5
18.8
10.4
5.9
0.6
1.2
0
5.0
1.2
7.5
5.7
2.1
4.8
3.2
6.7
9.8
4.4
5.8
5.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.8
0.8
2.1
2.3
0
6/11 1410-1415
1416-1421
1422-1427
1428-1433
1434-1439
1440-1445
1446-1451
1452-1457
1458-1503
1504-1509
1524-1529
1530-1535
1536-1541
1542-1547
1548-1553
1554-1559
1600-1605
1606-1611
1612-1617
1618-1623
6/12 0730-0735
0736-0741
0742-0747
0748-0753
0754-0759
0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0840-0845
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
6
0
5
0
2
4
3
4
9
16
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
40
25
10
5
15
5
0
15
15
15
10
5
15
5
15
15
5
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
0
20
5
0
0.8
13.5
14.6
5.6
5.0
3.1
0.2
0
3.3
2.3
7.6
5.6
0.7
4.0
0.7
6.8
8.3
5.0
3.8
9.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.8
0
2.5
1.2
0
- 22 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-minute averages)
6/12
Time
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0904-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1117
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1300-1305
Observer 1
No. of
Inter- Lc
f erences
DW High
0 0 10
0 10 15
0 0 15
005
000
005
0 5 15
0 5 10
005
000
000
000
0 0 25
0 0 25
000
000
005
005
005
000
000
005
005
000
0 0 25
0 0 10
0 0 15
005
000
000
Date
Avg. 1980
3.3 6/12
11.7
6.7
0.2
0
2.5
5.8
5.2
4.6
0
0
0
2.5
13.5
0
0
2.7
4.0
0.4
0
0
0.8
4.0
0
5.^0
0.8
1.7
0.4
0
0
Time
0846-0851
0852-0857
0858-0903
0904-0909
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0950-0955
0956-1001
1002-1007
1008-1013
1014-1019
1020-1025
1026-1031
1032-1037
1038-1043
1044-1049
1100-1105
1106-1111
1112-1127
1118-1123
1124-1129
1130-1135
1136-1141
1142-1147
1148-1153
1154-1159
1300-1305
Observer 2
No. of
Inter- Low High Avg.
f erences
0 0 5 1.0
8 0 15 11.2
0 0 15 10.0
0 000
0 000
0 0 5 2.1
0 5 10 5.8
0 0 10 4.8
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 0 55 12.1
0 0 40 9.2
0 000
0 000
0 0 10 3.1
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 0 5 0.8
0 0 5 2.1
0 000
0 0 15 2.9
0 0 5 0.4
0 000
0 000
0 000
0 000
- 23 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-minute averages)
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
6/12
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
1306-1311
1312-1317
1318-1323
1324-1329
1330-1335
1336-1341
1342-1347
1348-1353
1354-1359
1410-1415
1416-1421
1422-1427
1428-1433
1434-1439
1440-1445
1446-1451
1452-1457
1458-1503
1504-1509
1540-1545
1546-1551
1552-1557
1558-1603
1604-1609
1610-1615
1616-1621
1622-1627
1628-1633
1634-1639
0
0
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
5
1
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
45
5
5
5
5
5
45
15
75
0
0
10
10
5
5
5
10
35
20
5
30
0
0
0.6
3.5
0
0
0
0
8.5
2.9
0.6
2.9
1.5
4.6
12.3
2.7
17.1
0
0
4.0
6.7
5.0
2.3
0.2
5.7
9.5
3.5
3.3
11.5
6/12 1306-1311
1312-1317
1318-1323
1324-1329
1330-1335
1336-1341
1342-1347
1348-1353
1354-1359
1410-1415
1416-1421
1422-1427
1428-1433
1434-1439
1440-1445
1446-1451
1452-1457
1458-1503
1504-1509
1540-1545
1546-1551
1552-1557
1558-1603
1604-1609
1610-1615
1616-1621
1622-1627
1628-1633
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
15
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
0
0
0
0
15
5
0
5
5
5
45
5
70
0
0
25
65
10
5
0
5
70
5
5
0
0
0.6
3.1
0
0
0
0
3.3
1.7
0
2.7
0.6
3.1
12.9
1.0
18.8
0
0
6.5
36.5
4.0
1.0
0
4.4
17.9
3.3
1.6
- 24 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-minute averages)
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
6/13
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0830-0835
0836-0841
0842-0847
0848-0853
0854-0859
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0940-0945
0946-0951
0952-0957
0958-1003
1004-1009
1025-1030
1031-1036
1037-1042
1043-1048
1049-1054
1055-1100
1101-1106
1107-1112
1113-1118
1119-1124
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
25
0
45
5
5
5
0
75
75
5
10
5
0
0
5
10
40
0
0
0
5
10
15
50
0
0
0
0
0
5.2
9.4
0
4.6
3.1
5.0
4.8
0
38.1
39.2
3.1
4.0
2.1
0
0
4.0
5.6
8.5
0
0
0
0.8
5.6
5.8
9.2
0
0
6/13 0800-0805
0806-0811
0812-0817
0818-0823
0824-0829
0830-0835
0836-0841
0842-0847
0848-0853
0854-0859
0910-0915
0916-0921
0922-0927
0928-0933
0934-0939
0940-0945
0946-0951
0952-0957
0958-1003
1004-1009
1025-1030
1031-1036
1037-1042
1043-1048
1049-1054
1055-1100
1101-1106
1107-1112
1113-1118
1119-1124
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
20
0
40
5
5
5
5
65
65
5
25
5
0
0
5
15
55
0
0
0
5
30
20
50
0
5
0
0
0
9.6
9.8
0
5.0
4.2
2.7
5.0
3.3
39.0
27.7
2.7
6.5
2.3
0
0
3.8
6.2
11.0
0
0
0
0.2
11.2
10.4
11.2
0
0.2
- 25 -
-------
TABLE 2.3. ROOF MONITOR EMISSIONS - METHOD 9, PERCENT OPACITY (CONTINUED)
(6-itiinute averages)
6/13
Date
1980
Time
Observer 1
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
Date
1980
Time
Observer 2
No. of
Inter-
ferences
Low
High
Avg.
1135-1140
1141-1146
1147-1152
1153-1158
1159-1204
1205-1210
1211-1216
1217-1222
1223-1228
1229-1234
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
20
35
10
15
5
0
5
5
5
4.4
6.2
7.1
6.7
7.1
1.7
0
2.5
1.9
2.9
6/13 1135-1140
1141-1146
1147-1152
1153-1158
1159-1204
1205-1210
1211-1216
1217-1222
1223-1228
1229-1234
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
3
1
2
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
10
25
30
15
5
0
5
5
5
4.4
4.6
4.4
9.4
7.3
2.1
0
3.1
2.0
4.1
- 26 -
-------
Table 2.4. Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 22
Date
1980
Time
Accumulated
Observation
Time
Accumulated Emission
Time (sec.)
Observer 1
Observer 2
Emission Frequency
Percent
Observer 1
Observer 2
1430-1459
1510-1529
1510-1539
6/9/80 1550-1619
1630-1659
1710-1719
1710-1721
0730-0759
0810-0839
0850-0919
0930-0959
1010-1039
1050-1119
1130-1159
6/10/80 1230-1259
1310-1339
1350-1419
1430-1459
1510-1539
1550-1619
1630-1659
1710-1739
1545
1080
1680
1725
1350
180
300
1545
1725
1455
1710
1695
1770
1725
1785
1710
1710
1710
1665
1665
1710
1680
438
419
894
575
97
198
156
252
264
120
34
0
349
0
1052
222
0
312
423
1381
519
582
855
572
100
188
146
147
319
131
28
0
328
0
1084
271
0
499
449
1510
28.3
38.8
51.8
42.6
53.9
12.8
9.0
17.3
15.4
7.1
1.9
0
19.6
0
61.5
13.0
0
18.7
24.7
82.2
33.6
34.6
49.6
42.4
33.3
12.2
8.5
10.1
18.7
7.7
1.6
0
18.4
0
63.4
15.8
0
30.0
26.3
89.9
- 27 -
-------
Table 2.4. Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 22 (continued)
Date
1980
Time
Accumulated
Observation
Time
(sec. )
Accumulated Emission
Time .(sec.)
Observer 1
Observer 2
Emission Frequency
Percent
Observer 1
Observer 2
0730-0759
0810-0839
0850-0919
0930-0959
1010-1039
1050-1119
6/11/80
1130-1159
1250-1319
1330-1359
1410-1439
1450-1519
1530-1559
0730-0759
0811-0840
0850-0919
0930-0959
1010-1039
1050-1119
1130-1159
6/12/80 1240-1309
1320-1349
1400-1429
1440-1509
1520-1549
1555-1624
1600-1629
1640-1709
1785
1800
1770
1800
1755
1695
1665
1800
1650
1635
1545
1545
1800
1800
1680
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1680
1650
1800
1785
1500
1500
1800
404
645
298
118
104
121
101
316
295
1348
730
973
0
328
816
788
721
154
198
156
216
591
824
179
660
1266
369
641
336
108
161
73
104
337
275
1555
783
1075
22
324
111
707
802
168
314
150
299
580
917
355
892
1633
22.6
35.8
16.8
6.6
5.9
7.1
6.1
17.6
17.9
82.4
47.2
63.0
0
18.2
48.6
43.8
40.1
8.6
11.0
8.7
12.9
35.8
45.8
10.0
44.0
70.3
20.7
35.6
19.0
6.0
9.2
4.3
6.2
18.7
16.7
95.1
50.7
69.6
1.2
18.0
46.3
39.3
44.6
9.3
17.4
8.3
17.8
35.2
50.9
19.9
59.5
90.7
- 28 -
-------
Table 2.4. Roof Monitor Emissions - Method 22 (continued)
Date
1980
Time
Accumulated
Observation
Time
(sec. )
Accumulated Emission
Time (sec.)
Observer 1
Observer 2
Emission Frequency
Percent
Observer 1
Observer 2
0800-0829
1800
348
243
19.3
13.5
6/13/80
0840-0909
0841-0910
0920-0949
0921-0950
1000-1029
1002-1031
1040-1109
1120-1149
1200-1129
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1620
—
1028
___
976
921
827
753
633
1201
—
1085
—
1065
—
669
870
704
__
57.1
__
54.2
_
51.2
45.9
41.8
39.1
66.7
—
60.3
—
59.2
—
37.2
48.3
43.5
- 29 -
-------
TABLE 2.5. METHODS 9 AND 22 AVERAGES, PERCENT
EPA Method Overall Unobscuredl 24 Consecutive Readings
9 3.2 2.8 2.9
22 29.9 33.4 N/A
Excludes any 6-minute or 30-minute or full set data with periods of
obscured view.
- 30 -
-------
TABLE 2.6. SUMMARY OF HOT METAL TRANSFER EMISSIONS
Run
I . D . and
Number
Desulf 1
Transfer 1
Desulf 2
Transfer 2
Desulf 3
Transfer 3
Transfer 4
Desulf 4
Transfer 5
Transfer 6b
Transfer 7b
Transfer 8b
Transfer 9^
Desulf 5
Transfer 10
Transfer 11
Indoor
Outdoor
Emission Frequency, Percent
Obser. 1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
11*
24
55
32
24
3
0
0
Obser. 2
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
6
30
69
28
21
1
0
0
Obser. 1
0
0
40
72
52
76
2
0
91
1
0
0
0
62
93
0
Obser. 2
0
0
46
60
54
63
0
0
88
0
0
0
0
63
88
0
a
Fan appeared to be off.
"High inside winds.
- 31 -
-------
Wind seemed to have a marked effect on the emissions
at this source. When the winds blew into the building,
the emissions were higher inside than outside. At all
other times the emission frequency was higher outside
and negligible inside. Desulfurization emissions
recorded at the inside location ranged from 0 to 3-percent,
while emissions recorded outside ranged from 0 to 63-
percent. Emissions for hot metal transfer observed inside
ranged from 0 to 69-percent while emissions observed outside
ranged from 0 to 93-percent.
- 32 -
-------
3.0 OBSERVATION LOCATIONS AND EMISSION POINTS
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
The charge side observation location was in the public
observation room opposite the furnaces. This room was
about 60-feet above ground level and provided protection,
safety, and good visibility.
Tap side observations were made one floor above the
EOF operations floor where observers viewed the top of
the furnace. Since the tapping hood was located above
the doors (back-side of the furnace), and emissions would
most likely escape at this point, Mr. Roy Neulicht, EPA
Technical Manager, decided that observations would be made
at this location. Tests 1 through 10 were conducted from
this position. Observations were also made of the tap side
doors from the operations floor. Tests 11 through 13 were
conducted at Location E. Emissions were considerably lower
from this vantage point. Figure 3.1. depicts elevation and
plan views of the EOF shop with respective observation loca-
tions.
Observations were made from Locations B & C for
Furnace 1 and C & D for Furnace 2. Both observers moved
from one side of the furnace to the other during a heat,
therefore, only one side of the furnace could be viewed
at a time. Thus, any emissions at the opposite side
were not seen. The observers could not separate since
only one radio was available.
- 33 -
-------
4
k Teeming
.Pot
ELEVATION VIEW
7 Tapping
Hood
c
\
Furnace
Charging
Hood
1
W121
Public
Observation
Room
Public
Observation Room
PLAN VIEW
Charging Isle (1st floor-operations floor)!
©
Ground Level
Slag Dumping
Area
(Tap side locations one level above operations floor.)
Figure 3.1.
Basic oxygen furnace observation locations
elevation and plan views.
- 34 -
-------
The area around the furnace was very dark and not
an ideal observation location. The light meter barely
registered 1 footcandle for the south side of Furnace 1
and 4 footcandles for the north side. The same problem
was encountered at Furnace 2 except the darker side was
the north side (1 footcandle). Light emissions were very
difficult to see unless backlighted.
Another problem was lack of maintenance on the
furnace. Several missing plates around the top of Fur-
nace No. 2 resulted in higher emission levels in that area.
While observing the top of the furnace from the tap
side, it was impossible to know whether the clocked emissions
were those escaping only the tapping hood. It is very
likely that emissions escaping both the primary and charging
hood systems were included in the observations.
HOT METAL TRANSFER
The inside observation point for viewing the hot
metal transfer shed was located approximately 20 feet
southeast of the shed at ground level (Figure 3.2). it
provided optimum viewing of the process at a safe distance.
The outside readers were located about 40 feet due
east of the shed. This location provided optimum viewing
of the roof monitor and both ends of the shed. Since the
wind was blowing from the north, it channeled through the
shed, carrying emissions out the south end. Some very
- 35 -
-------
J
N
f
OJ
CTi
EOF shop
Ladle car tracks
L t
7
4
7
Roof monitor
/////// /7
///////
Hot metal transfer she
^H
d
•
1
Hood *
\ • *
/ I
4L x
*^T\ Inside observa—
^ tion location r
1 '
z
_ y
4
7
A) Outside observation location
Figure 3.2. Hot metal transfer observation locations.
-------
light emissions were noted during both the actual hot
metal transfer and the interim periods. These emissions
could have been from smoking torpedo cars rather than
the transfer procedure. No distinction could be made, so
all emissions exiting the shed were included during the
observation period.
ROOF MONITOR
The three locations used for observing the roof
monitor are presented in Figure 3.3. All took weather,
sun angle, and view of the roof monitor into account.
These locations were the only locations available to
the observers.
On Monday, June 9, 1980, the readings were made
from a window on the fifth floor of the administration
building, due east of the roof monitor. This location
provided shelter for the readers during the frequent
thunderstorms.
The weather cleared on Tuesday, June 10, 1980, and
all remaining observations were taken outdoors. The
observations began each morning in a parking lot north-
east of the roof monitor. In late afternoon the observers
moved south of the administration building, due east of
the monitor, because the sun angle was better.
- 37 -
-------
o
EOF SHOP
o
'Roof Monitor'
N
CO
i
Sun's position
at the termina-
tion of readings
\
\
\
6/9
fPM.
AM
Sun's position
at the beginning
of readings
Figure 3.3. Roof monitor observation locations.
-------
4.0 OBSERVATION PROCEDURES
Visible emission observations were performed in
accordance with EPA Method 22, Visible Determinations
of Fugitive Emissions from Material Processing Sources
(March 23, 1979 Draft) and EPA Method 9, Visual Determina-
tion of the Opacity of Emissions from Stationary Sources.
BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
The entire heat of the furnace was observed. A
single heat, which was also considered one test run,
included the scrap charge, hot metal charge, oxygen blow,
turndown, any additional blows and turndowns, tapping,
and deslagging. Two persons observed the charge side
while two observed the tap side, simultaneously. All
four observers used Method 22. Radio communications
provided coordination between the observers. The desig-
nated start and stop times for the above sequences were
as follows:
Scrap charge (charging door open) - two scrap
buckets were used to charge the furnace. The
scrap charge began from the tilt of the first
bucket and ended when the second bucket returned
to an upright position.
Hot metal charge (charging door open) - from
start of ladle tilt to its return to an upright
position.
02 blow (charge door closed) - the sound of a
depressurization discharge at the onset and
completion of the blow. Observers on the tap
side could also see the lance being lowered and
raised.
- 39 -
-------
Turndown (charging door closed) - as the furnace
tilts forward a bright glow appears at the upper
edge of the charging doors, signifying the start
of turndown. Turndown is completed when the glow
disappears from the upper edge of the door as the
furnace returns to its upright position.
Tapping (charging door is either open or closed,
depending on operator) - as the furnace tilts
backwards, (toward tapping side), the bright glow
of the metal can be seen at the lower edge of the
door indicating the start of tapping. Completion
is when the glow disappears as the furnace tilts
upright. This procedure was used when tap observ-
ations were made from the operation floor. When
tap side observers viewed the top of the furnace
and the charging door remained closed at the onset
of tapping, all four observers coordinated to
determine the starting point.
Deslagging (charging door open) - from the start of
furnace tilt to its return to an upright position.
The furnace may be dumped 2 or 3 times before the
entire deslagging sequence is completed.
An entire heat usually lasted from 40 to 50 minutes.
The heats were generally back to back, which would have
extended the observation period to about two hours.
This exceeds the recommended Method 22 observation
time which specifies that the observer take a 5 to 10
minute break for every 15 or 20 minutes of observations.
Since emissions were noted during the oxygen blow in
the first three tests, the entire heat had to be observed.
So as not to violate Method 22, alternate heats were
read. A total of 13 heats were observed.
HOT METAL TRANSFER
Hot metal transfer observations were conducted from
both indoor and outdoor locations with two observers at
each location.
- 40 -
-------
The elapsed time (observation period) was measured
from the time the hot metal began to flow into the ladle
until it stopped. Radio communications provided coordina-
tion between the observers.
During the study, this facility conducted desulfuriza-
tion during the hot metal transfer. The desulfurization
material (Super-Sol) was dropped into the ladle prior to
the hot metal addition. Therefore, the first pouring
into the ladle was considered a desulfurization with
subsequent pours considered hot metal transfers. A
total of 11 hot metal transfers and 5 desulfurizations
were observed.
ROOF MONITOR
Four observers were situated outside the EOF shop and
viewed the same fugitive emissions emanating from the
entire roof monitor. Two persons used Method 22, taking
a 10-minute break between each 30-minute observation period.
The other two persons read Method 9 for 1-hour intervals
with 10-minute breaks. All four observers read from the
same location and began simultaneously.
- 41 -
------- |