-------
A PILOT STUDY
OF
DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS
AT
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
DEVELOPMENTS
WATER SUPPLY DIVISION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
June 1973
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The complete cooperation and assistance of the Bureau of Reclamation was provided at
every step during the study. The Kansas, California, and Nevada State Health
Departments also contributed to the study. The work of these agencies is acknowledged
with appreciation for their efforts. Thanks also must go to the local Bureau of
Reclamation personnel, park officials, irrigation districts, and sanitarians who
accompanied us during our field surveys and gave freely of their time.
EPA-430-9-73-004
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 3
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7
Water Quality 7
Facilities and Operation 7
Surveillance 8
SCOPE OF SYSTEMS STUDIED 11
EVALUATION CRITERIA 19
Water Quality Criteria 20
Facilities Criteria 20
Bacteriological Surveillance Program Criteria 20
PROCEDURES 23
Field Survey 23
Sampling Program 23
Laboratory Procedures 24
FINDINGS 27
Water Quality 27
Bacteriological Surveillance 30
Chemical Surveillance 31
Operation and Control 31
Raw Water Quality 32
DISCUSSION 35
General 35
Water Quality and Source 35
Facilities and Operation 36
Surveillance 37
PARTICIPANTS 41
APPENDICES 45
A. Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water 45
Standards 1973 Revision
B. Individual Sanitary Survey Results 51
m
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TABLES
1. Summary of Reservoirs Included in Study . 11
2. Summary of Water System Types ... 12
3. Summary of Water Treatment ... ... .... 12
4. Criteria for Evaluating Bacteriological, Chemical, and Physical Quality
of Water Systems Studied . . . 19
5. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards
Limits Not Met 27
6. Maximum Concentration Found in Physical and
Chemical Constituents Failing to Meet Limits for Systems Surveyed ... 29
7. Systems Failing to Meet Limits, by Source 29
8. Comparison of Well Water Systems in Kansas for
Those Systems Failing to Meet Constituent Limits .... ... 30
9. Comparison of Well Water Systems in Kansas for
Bacteriological Contamination 30
10. Chlorination Practices and Their Effectiveness 31
11. Bacteriological Quality of Raw Water at Water Systems
Surveyed • ... 32
FIGURES
1. Reservoirs Studied in Kansas . 14
2. Reservoirs Studied in California. 15
3. Reservoirs Studied Along the Colorado River . 16
4. Number of Systems Failing to Meet Standards . 27
5. Systems Failing to Meet a Constituent Limit 28
IV
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INTRODUCTION
While the quality of the water delivered in the cities and towns to the citizens of the
United States has received increasing attention in the last couple of years, very little
information has been gathered concerning the quality of drinking water available to the
public using water systems constructed at Federal facilities. This study is the second in a
series on these water systems, the first of which concerned water systems serving
recreational facilities operated by the Corps of Engineers.'
The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the water quality, construction,
maintenance, operation, and surveillance of water systems around Bureau of Reclamation
reservoirs. The findings of this report will hopefully focus more attention on these facets
of water systems to help improve the overall health protection of the public.
The problem of waterborne disease outbreaks was addressed in a paper presented by
Gunther Craun and Leland McCabe.2 In this paper they reported that "the size of
outbreaks in" nonmunicipal water "systems increased to 93 illnesses per outbreak during
1966-1970 t(the last 4 years of the reporting period), primarily due to a number of large
outbreaks associated with recreational areas." The significance of this study can be seen
in the fact that people using recreation facilities at Bureau of Reclamation projects
number more than 55 million per year.
The Bureau of Reclamation and the State and local health departments having
jurisdiction over the water supplies cooperated with the Water Supply Division of the
Environmental Protection Agency to conduct a pilot study of 58 water systems around
26 Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs. These reservoirs represent a use of more than 12.3
million visitor-days per year. This report is based on field investigations that took place in
October and November 1971.
1 "Sanitary Survey of Drinking Water Systems on Federal Water Resource Developments, A Pilot
Study." Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C. 50 pp. (1971).
2Craun, G.F., and McCabe, L.J., 1971. Review of the Causes of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks.
American Water Works Association Annual Meeting, June 1971, Denver, Colorado.
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This pilot survey included 58 drinking water supply
systems at 26 Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs. The
field work, completed in October and November of
1971, was divided between flood control and irrigation
reservoirs in Kansas, and California, and along the
Colorado River. At each water system surveyed,
bacteriological samples of the distribution-system water
were collected; also a bacteriological sample of the raw
water was taken if the water was treated in any way.
One bacteriological sample was collected at all
hand-pumped wells. Samples of the water were also
taken for a complete chemical and physical analysis, and
chlorine residuals were measured at each sampling point.
The distribution system pressure was also determined.
The findings of the study indicate that 33 (57
percent) of the systems delivered water that violated one
or more constituent limits of the Drinking Water
Standards; 14 systems (24 percent) did not meet at least
one mandatory chemical or bacteriological limit; and
seven of the systems (12 percent) were contaminated
with coliform bacteria. The contaminated systems either
did not practice disinfection or did not properly operate
the disinfection equipment available. Only four (7
percent) of the systems practiced a bacteriological
surveillance program that met the criteria in the Public
Health Service Drinking Water Standards.
In order to rectify the problems highlighted by this
study, the following general recommendations are
offered:
1. The State and county governmental agencies are
primarily responsible for the surveillance of the water
systems. These agencies should devote a higher priority
to initiating and maintaining an acceptable program of
bacteriological and chemical surveillance and to
providing regular sanitary surveys of the water systems.
The cost of an adequate surveillance program, which
would typically include a complete chemical analysis of
the water every third year, two bacteriological samples
per month, and one sanitary survey each year,
approaches $200 per system. This is the amount that
State and county agencies should be spending in
professional time, expenses, and laboratory costs to
provide the needed surveillance.
1. The Bureau of Reclamation should maintain
closer control of the water systems around their
reservoirs. An identifiable organizational unit or specific
positions in an existing office should be established at
the regional office level, headquarters level, and the
Bureau of Reclamation's Engineering and Research
Center in Denver, Colo., with well defined
responsibilities for water systems adjacent to the
reservoirs. This group of personnel would control the
centralized approval of construction plans for new
systems, including water systems to be built by others,
and should provide for the monitoring and operational
review of all systems on Reclamation projects. Where
water quality problems are indicated, the Bureau of
Reclamation should promote the use of a better source
of water and/or provision for additional treatment. The
Bureau should make sure that those people responsible
for the operation and maintenance of the water systems
have the appropriate training to execute their
responsibilities.
The specific findings and recommendations of the
study are:
Water Quality
1. Thirty-three (57 percent) of the systems
delivered water that failed to meet some physical,
chemical, or bacteriological constituent limit of the
Drinking Water Standards. Thirty systems (52 percent)
failed to meet at least one recommended limit, and six
(10 percent) failed to meet at least one mandatory
chemical limit. The water from 10 reservoirs where
water is withdrawn for drinking purposes was analyzed
for 12 specific chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides.
None of these insecticides was detected in any of the
water supplies. The six systems failing mandatory
chemical limits also failed to meet the constituent limits
for selenium. One system failed to meet the chromium
limit. Those systems failing mandatory chemical limits
should be provided with proper treatment equipment to
produce water meeting the Drinking Water Standards, or
another raw water source should be found.
1. Bacteriological analysis of the distribution
system water showed that four (16 percent) of the
systems using ground water and three (11 percent) of
the systems using surface water were contaminated.
Where contamination was found, the appropriate
authorities were notified immediately. To prevent
bacteriological contamination of the source, improved
source protection is necessary. Disinfection should be a
mandatory requirement for all systems using surface
water. Other treatment should be employed as necessary
to ensure that the turbidity level does not fail to meet
the limit established in the Drinking Water Standards.
Disinfection should be a mandatory requirement for all
drinking water systems using ground water unless a
history of satisfactory bacteriolgical sampling and
sanitary surveys has been developed.
Facilities and Operation
3. Of the 24 wells studied, four (17 percent) lacked
adequate protection against surface contamination. The
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protection for four other wells could not be determined
because of the absence of records concerning their
construction. The source protection of a water system is
vital to the maintenance of a safe water supply. More
attention should be given to proper source protection in
well construction.
4. Cisterns should be replaced by other water
systems if at all possible because of the many avenues of
contamination of cistern water. If the use of cisterns is
continued, the water should be chlorinated when placed
in the cistern and daily chlorine residual determinations
(of water in the cistern) should be taken to assure that a
chlorine residual is maintained.
5. Thirty-four systems (59 percent) were
chlorinated to disinfect the water. Six (17 percent) of
these systems did not have a chlorine residual in the
distribution system or storage tank, and 24 (67 percent)
of the systems did not have a chlorine residual at the
dead ends of the distribution lines. Daily inspection of
the chlorine feed equipment and daily records of the
chlorine residuals should be maintained. Chlorine
residuals should be present at the ends of the
distribution systems.
6. Operation and control were not adequate at 31
(53 percent) of the water systems studied. Treatment
equipment and/or chlorine residuals were not checked
daily at these systems. The study shows that while
personnel are available for water system maintenance,
many of the individuals responsible for the water
systems do not have a full knowledge of what they
should be doing and the reasoning behind these duties.
The Bureau of Reclamation should ensure that all
persons responsible for the operation of a water system
on Bureau of Reclamation projects are adequately
trained.
Surveillance
7. Records of the bacteriological surveillance for
the 12 months preceding the study were investigated for
each water system. The results of this investigation show
that 54 (93 percent) of the water systems surveyed were
not sampled with a frequency meeting the Drinking
Water Standards. Records could not be found for any
bacteriological testing within the preceding 12 months at
23 (40 percent) of the water systems studied. Ten water
systems (17 percent) had bacteriological samples that
were contaminated with coliform bacteria during at least
1 month in the past year, and eight systems (14 percent)
showed contamination in 2 months or more. There is
great need to expand the sampling procedures.
A bacteriological sampling program that will meet the
minimum requirements of the Drinking Water Standards
should be required at each system. This program should
be continued at all times the system is operational. The
results of the study showed that surveillance is not
provided at many systems during the winter months,
even though sportsmen and employees may continue to
use the water system.
8. Chemical surveillance, especially at well systems,
was very inadequate. The water from all drinking water
systems should be tested for all chemical constituents
listed in the Drinking Water Standards before the water
is made available to the public. Regular chemical analysis
is recommended for all systems served by a surface water
source, and periodic chemical analysis is recommended
for systems supplied by wells when there is reason to
believe the chemical quality may be deteriorating.
9. The sanitary deficiencies found by this study
could have been identified and corrected with a program
of frequent and thorough sanitary surveys by the
appropriate State or county governmental agency.
Yearly sanitary surveys of and continuing attention to
each water system should be provided. For water
systems that are not operated during the winter months,
the sanitary surveys ideally would be performed when
the system is placed in operation in the spring. No water
system should be placed in operation until two
satisfactory bacteriological samples have been obtained.
The preceding recommendations address problems
that can be best solved by the Bureau of Reclamation
and the State and local governments. The following
recommendations relate to problems that should be
considered by appropriate Federal agencies and others
having broad water-supply responsibilities and interests.
1. The problems inherent in the operation of small
water systems at recreational areas are unique. One
example is the extreme fluctuation in use over a period
of a week. Criteria and standards should be developed
for the construction, operation, and health surveillance
of small public drinking water systems serving
recreational areas. There is a need to reevaluate the
bacteriological sampling frequency as required by the
Drinking Water Standards.
2. Chlorination as a means of disinfection for
small, isolated water systems has several problems. The
feed system can easily become inoperable, the chlorine
residual dissipates during periods of low use, and needed
maintenance and daily inspections are not always
performed. In order to rectify some of the problems in
disinfection by chlorination, alternative means of
disinfection should be reviewed.
3. Since this project was only a pilot study that
involved isolated areas, the results indicate the need for
further study. This study should be extended to other
Federally related small water systems to fully assess the
ability of these systems to continuously produce safe
and esthetically pleasing water.
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SCOPE OF SYSTEMS STUDIED
The Bureau of Reclamation has 134 projects in the 17
Western States. These projects include 280 storage dams
and 136 diversion dams. Boating, fishing, and swimming
in reservoirs, and camping, hiking, picnicking, and
sightseeing are provided for, and are considered a part of
the justification for the construction of Reclamation
lakes. People using recreation facilities at these projects
number more than 55 million per year, and the number
is steadily increasing. 1
This pilot study covered 26 Bureau of Reclamation
reservoirs and 58 drinking water supply systems at these
reservoirs. A water supply system as defined by this
study included the works and auxiliaries for collection,
treatment, and distribution of water from the sources of
supply to the free-flowing outlet of the distribution
system.
1 From "Answering Your Questions About Reclamation,"
Bureau of Reclamation, GPO:1970 0-381-322
TABLE 1.—Summary of reservoirs included in study
Reservoir
Kansas:
Glen Elder
Lovewell
Norton
Kirwin
Cedar Bluff
Webster
Total, Kansas
California:
Berryessa
Contra Loma
Stony Gorge
Red Bluff
Folsom
Camp Far West
Merle Collins
Millerton
San Luis
Los Banos
O'Neill
Woollomes
Cachuma
Casitas
Amador
Jenkinson
Total, California
Lower Colorado River:
Mead
Mohave
Havasu
Imperial
Total, Colorado River
Calendar year
completed
1969
1957
1964
1955
1951
1956
1957
1967
1928
1968
1956
1964
1963
1942
1967
1967
1967
1959
1953
1959
1965
1955
1936
1950
1938
1938
Visitor
days (1971)
106,911
154,660
136,232
219,619
153,435
95,242
1,482,044
1,845,570
185,965
Unknown
5,049
2,068,073
Unknown
Unknown
573,754
117,438
21,613
124,406
154,501
996,880
1,367,596
Unknown
235,501
7,696,346
642,951
25,315
1,787,795
668,046
3,124,107
Source of
visitors percent
Local
65
60
60
75
70
75
77
5
90
90
80
80
40
80
60
85
27
25
32
43
10
10
10
28
14
Other
35
40
40
25
30
25
23
95
10
10
20
20
60
20
40
15
73
75
68
57
90
90
90
72
86
Grand Total
12,302,497
40
60
Source: Data from the Bureau of Reclamation.
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The study was centered in three geographic areas: (1)
Kansas, (2) California, and (3) the lower Colorado River
(bordering the States of Nevada, Arizona, and
California). Table 1 is a summary of those reservoirs
sampled. Of the 26 reservoirs, six were in Kansas, 16
in California, and four along the Colorado River.
As shown by Table 1, the 26 reservoirs had a
visitation rate of 12.3 million visitor days per year.
Twelve percent of this visitation occurred at the Kansas
reservoirs, 63 percent at the California reservoirs, and 25
percent at the Colorado River reservoirs. The California
and Colorado River reservoirs had the majority of their
visitors from nonlocal sources. Overall, 60 percent of the
visitor-days (7.4 million visitor-days) involved in this
study were nonlocal. Therefore, the quality of drinking
water available to visitors can affect a wide cross section
of the population. The location of each reservoir studied
is shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
TABLE 2.-Summary of water-system types
Area
Kansas
California
Colorado River
Total
Number of systems by type
Surface
water
0
24
4
28
Ground
water
17
6
2
25
Wholesale
finished water
1
4
0
5
Total
18
34
6
58
Table 2 summarizes the water systems studied by
three categories: (1) the source of raw water is the lake
or river associated with the dam (surface water); (2) the
raw water comes from a well or spring (ground water);
or (3) wholesale finished water is used in the system. In
the ground water category, only one spring was studied.
Wholesale finished water is defined as water treated at
another location and piped or hauled by truck to the
distribution system. The source and treatment of this
water is beyond the scope of this study and no
investigation of the wholesale water sources was
attempted.
All systems studied in Kansas had wells as raw water
sources. The water at Glen Elder Reservoir was
purchased from the city of Glen Elder and piped to the
reservoir. A total of 18 water systems were studied in
Kansas.
In California, 34 water systems were surveyed, of
which 24 were surface sources and one was a spring. Of
the four systems using wholesale finished water, three
were located at Lake Millerton with "piped-in" water.
The other supply using wholesale finished water was at
Contra Loma where the water is hauled by truck to the
reservoir from the nearby town of Antioch. All systems
along the Colorado River used surface water for their
water source except for two wells around Imperial
Reservoir.
The water treatment practices of the systems studied
are enumerated in Table 3. Nineteen of the systems (36
percent) provided no treatment for the water, including
one system using surface water as a source. No treatment
other than disinfection was found at any ground water
system. Seven (28 percent) of the 25 ground water
systems disinfect their water. Twenty-eight (53 percent)
of the water systems used surface water as a raw water
source. Of these systems, nine (32 percent) provided
only disinfection for the water, and 18 (65 percent)
provided both disinfection and clarification as water
treatment. In every case, the method of disinfection
used was chlorination, usually with an automatic feeder
TABLE 3.-Summary of water treatment of systems surveyed
Treatment
Do not disinfect
or clarify
Disinfection only
Clarificationt and
disinfection
System totals
(by number)
Type of system (number)*
River or
lake water
1
9
18
28
Spring or
well water
18
7
0
25
System totals
Number
19
16
18
53
Percent
36
30
34
100
Distributors of wholesale water not considered (5 systems).
t Clarification means coagulation, sedimentation, and/or filtration.
12
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and either chlorine gas or a hypochlorite solution. One clarification at nine (50 percent) of those systems
supply at Webster Reservoir depended on manual practicing clarification. The other 50 percent of these
chlorination (pouring bleach into tanks by hand) to systems practiced some form of coagulation. Eighteen
maintain a chlorine residual. Rapid sand filters or (34 percent) of the water systems sampled practiced
diatomaceous earth filters were used as the sole form of both clarification and disinfection.
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Reservoirs in Kansas
Phillipsburg
Norton
Webster
Hays
Cedar Bluff
Lovewell
Concordia
Elder
Salina
Wichita
TopekaI
Kansas City
I CITY
RESERVOIR
Figure 1
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Reservoirs in California
Redding
i Red Bluff
Stoney Gorge*
• Merle Collins
I
Camp Far West
Folsom >.
Berryessa • 0 X
• • Jenkinson
Sacramento *Amador
• Contra Loma
RESERVOIR
CITY
San Francisco
San Luis & O'Neill,
Los Banos
Woollomes
Bakersfield
Santa Barbara'
Figure 2
15
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Reservoirs Along the Colorado River
Boulder City •;!* Hoover
Dam
MEXICO
Figure 3
16
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1 f t
n
•
saw
f .'
Evaluation
Criteria
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EVALUATION CRITERIA
The water systems evaluated by this study were
assessed from three different but related approaches:
1. A sanitary survey of the source, treatment and
distribution facilities, and operation of the systems
was conducted by engineers from the Water
Supply Division of EPA.
2. Analysis of the water quality was performed by
EPA Water Supply Division laboratories.
3. The results of the bacteriological surveillance of
each system for the 12 months preceding the
study were evaluated.
TABLE 4.-Criteria for evaluating bacteriological, chemical, and physical quality of water systems studied
Recommended
Constituent t
Arsenic
Boron
Chloride
Color
Copper
Cyanide
Iron
MBAS
Manganese
Nitrate
Sulfate
Total dissolved solids
Turbidity
Zinc
Limits*
Limit
0.01
1
250
15
1
0.01
0.3
0.5
0.05
45
250
500
5
5
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
s.u.
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
s.u.
mg/1
Mandatory
Constituent J
Arsenic
Boron
Cadmium
Chromium
Coliform organisms
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury §
Selenium
Silver
Aldrin §
Lindane §
Chlordane §
DDT(p,pO §
Dieldrin §
Endrin §
Heptachlor §
Heptachlor-epoxide §
Methoxychlor §
Toxaphene §
Limits*
Limit
0.05
5 mg/1
0.01 mg/1
.05 mg/1
Fails standards in any
one month if:
a. Arithmetic
average of
samples col-
lected greater
than 1 per 100
ml;
b. Two or more
samples (5 per-
cent or more if
more than 20
examined)
contain den-
sities more than
4/1 00 ml.
0.2 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
0.002 mg/1
0.01 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
0.001 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
0.003 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
0.001 mg/1
0.0005 mg/1
0.0001 mg/1
0.0001 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
* 1962 U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards.
tlf the concentration of any of these constituents is exceeded, a more suitable supply should be sought.
{The presence of these substances in excess of the concentrations listed shall constitute grounds for the rejection of the supply;
therefore, their continued presence should be carefully measured and evaluated by health authorities and a decision should be made
regarding corrective measures or discontinuing use of the supply.
§ Proposed for inclusion in the Drinking Water Standards.
19
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Water Quality Criteria
The water quality was judged by the following three
criteria:
1. No constituent limit of the PHS Drinking Water
Standardsi was met.
2. At least one "recommended" constituent limit was
not met, but no "mandatory" constituent limit
was not met.
3. At least one "mandatory" constituent limit was
not met.
Table 4 lists the constituents for which an analysis was
conducted. The limits are taken from the 1962 USPHS
Drinking Water Standards, except for mercury and the
12 chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. These limits
were taken from a proposed revision to the 1962
Standards. Appendix A summarizes the significant
changes that are proposed.
Facilities Criteria
Source, treatment, operation, and distribution
facilities were judged either:
1. To be essentially free from major deficiencies, or
2. To be deficient in one or more of the following
(where applicable):
a. Source protection
b. Control of disinfection (if practiced or if
purchasing chlorinated water)
c. Control of clarification (if clarification
practiced)
d. Pressure (20 psi) in the distribution system
Bacteriological-Surveillance Program Criteria
The bacteriological-surveillance program over the
water supply system was judged on the following
criteria:
1. Collection of the required numbers of
bacteriological samples during the period of the
year the water system is in operation. This
required number is based on the resident
population using the water system with a
minimum of two samples per month.
2. Meeting the bacteriological quality standard as
stated in the Drinking Water Standards.
1"1962 USPHS Drinking Water Standards." PHS Publication
No. 956, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 61 pp. (1962). 2lbid., pp. 3-6.
20
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Proce
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PROCEDURES
Field Survey
The water systems to be studied were agreed upon in
meetings with regional and field personnel of the Bureau
of Reclamation in McCook, Nebr., Sacramento, Calif.,
and Boulder City, Nev. An effort was made to select
States or geographical areas where diverse water systems
would probably be found. The determination of which
systems would be studied in a geographical area was
influenced by the time necessary to transport the water
samples to the laboratories. Each system was given
advance notice and an explanation of the survey through
letters from the Bureau of Reclamation or the Water
Supply Division to a Bureau of Reclamation contact at
each reservoir. Appointments for the field survey were
made from 1 to 4 weeks in advance of the proposed
visit.
The field surveys were performed by engineers from
the regional and headquarters offices of the Water
Supply Division of the Environmental Protection
Agency. State and local health officers were invited to
take part in the inspection and in some cases they did
participate. This inspection included a sanitary survey of
the source, treatment plant, and distribution system of
the water system as well as an examination of the
bacteriological records of the system for the year prior
to the survey. The results of the sanitary survey were
recorded on PHS and EGA standard forms and other
forms developed especially for use in this study. Field
determinations of the pH (using phenol red indicator),
pressure, and chlorine residual at chlorinated systems
(using the orthotolidine method) were made at each
point where a water sample was taken.
The summary of findings for each water system is
shown in appendix B. These individual sheets were
circulated to the appropriate water systems, health
officers, and Bureau of Reclamation personnel when
completed.
Sampling Program
During the field study, the following samples were
taken at each water system:
1. Raw Water
Where possible, one bacteriological sample was
taken of the raw water before treatment. This
sample was omitted if the water in the system did
not undergo any treatment. In many systems, a
raw water sample could not be obtained because
of the physical arrangement of the piping system.
2. Finished Water.
a. A 1-gallon grab sample was taken and sent to
the EPA Northeast Water Supply Laboratory in
Narragansett, R.I., to be analyzed for the
following:
Boron Selenium
Chloride Sulfate
Color Total dissolved solids
pH Turbidity
b. A 1-quart grab sample was taken and preserved
by the addition of 1 ml of a 20,000 ppm
solution of mercury (2.71grams HgCl2 per 100
ml) in the field. The sample was sent to the
EPA Laboratory in Narragansett, R.I., and
analyzed for nitrates and MBAS (methylene
blue - active substances).
c. A 1-quart sample was taken and preserved in
the field by the addition of 1 1/2 ml of 2N
sodium hydroxide solution. The sample was
sent to the Narragansett, R.I., Laboratory and
analyzed for the presence of cyanide.
d. A 1-quart sample was taken and preserved in
the field by the addition of 1 1/4 ml of
concentrated nitric acid. The sample was sent
to the Water Supply Laboratory in Cincinnati,
Ohio, to be analyzed for the presence of the
following trace metals:
Arsenic Lead
Barium Manganese
Cadmium Mercury
Chromium Nickel
Cobalt Silver
Copper Zinc
Iron
e. Bacteriological samples were taken at a rate of
at least 10 percent of the number required by
the Drinking Water Standards (based on the
resident population served by the system) or
generally a minimum of two from any water
supply. At some supplies, only one sample was
taken from the system (i.e., hand pumps).
These samples were taken at different points
in the distribution system, one close to the
treatment plant and one near the end of the
distribution line. They were taken from
hosebibs in camping areas,, restrooms, or
drinking fountains. A bacteriological sample
was taken only after flushing for at least 30
seconds; the chemical samples were taken after
the bacteriological samples.
Bacteriological samples were collected in
8-ounce sterile, plastic, wide-mouth,
screw-capped bottles that contained 0.2 ml of a
10-percent sodium thiosulfate solution. These
23
-------
samples were refrigerated after collection and
during transportation to the Northwest Water
Supply Laboratory in Gig Harbor, Wash. The
time between collection and the start of the
analysis of the samples did not exceed 30
hours.
f. A 1-gallon grab sample was taken at 10 of the
surface supplies where pesticide contamination
was most likely to be a problem and sent to the
Gulf Coast Water Supply Laboratory at
Dauphin Island, Ala., for pesticide analysis.
The water samples were analyzed for the
following chlorinated insecticides:
Aldrin Dieldrin
Lindane Endrin
Chlordane Heptachlor
DDD Heptachlor-epoxide
DDE Methoxychlor
DDT (p, pi) Toxaphene
Laboratory Procedures
The bacteriological quality examination procedures
used in this study were those listed in Standard
Methods, i The membrane filter procedure was used to
examine water samples for total coliforms. The
procedure involved using M-Endo MF broth and
incubating at 35°C for 20-24 hours. Coliform colonies
detected were verified further by transfer to phenol red
lactose broth for 24 and 48-hour periods at 35°C
incubation. All positive phenol red lactose broth tubes
were then confirmed in brilliant green lactose broth at
35°C for verification of total coliforms and in EC
medium at 44.5°C for detection of fecal coliforms.
A general bacteriological population count was also
made on all bacteriological samples. Sample portions of
1 ml and 0.1 ml in plate count agar
(Tryptone-Glucose-Yeast Agar) were incubated 48 hours
at 35°C for this examination.
The laboratory procedures for the chemical and
physical analyses of the water samples were those of
Standard Methods, 2 except for the use of a variation of
the potentiometric titration procedure for the chloride
analysis. Gas chromatography was used for the pesticide
analysis.
1 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 13th ed., (APHA, AWWA, WPCF. American Public
Health Association. New York, N.Y. 769 pp. (1971).
24
-------
-
^ * i * -
findings
«.
i
, ,j
-------
FINDINGS
Water Quality
Thirty-three of the 58 water systems studied did not
meet one or more of the constituent limits of the
Drinking Water Standards. Thirty-one systems failed to
meet at least one recommended limit and 14 systems
distributed water that failed to meet at least one
mandatory chemical or bacteriological limit. These
figures are shown in graphic form in Figure 4. Figure 5
shows the relative numbers of each limit that was not
met.
FIGURE 4.-Number of systems failing to meet standards
Number of
water systems
sampled
60
40
20
Tntal
of
58
Number of
systems
f 3! line to meet
DWS limits
14
Number of
systems
ailing to meet
recommended
DWS limits
30
Number of
systems
constituent
DWS limits
33
TABLE 5.—Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards limits not met
Constituent
Color
Iron
Manganese
Nitrate
Sulfate
TDS
Turbidity
Zinc
Chromium
Coliform organisms
Selenium
Kansas (18)
Number
Percent
2
6
3
3
4
14
4
3
11
33
17
17
22
78
22
17
California (34)
Number
Percent
Colorado River (6)
Number | Percent
Recommended limits not met
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
0
3
3
3
3
6
6
6
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
1
0
0
0
0
100
100
17
17
Mandatory limits not met
1
2
6
6
11
33
0
4
0
0
12
0
0
1
0
0
17
0
Table 5 is a summary of those limits which were not
met. The Drinking Water Standards limits for total
dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfate were not met in all six
systems sampled along the Colorado River. Four of these
six systems used water from the Colorado River as a
water source while two supplies used wells. These two
wells were at Imperial Reservoir and are 80 to 100 feet
deep. Water flows into the wells at various levels and
could be lake water. Table 6 shows the maximum
concentrations for the limits exceeded.
27
-------
Figure 5
Systems Falling to Meet a Constituent Limit
of the Drinking Water Standards
I I Recommended I imit
to
CO
40?!
i .?
0> __
1 1 3°-
o "^
(A
k. _
q> t
-o 2
E o 20-
3
C q,
-o <»
c E
° o
'e *" 10 -
c O)
• ^
0-
<
385
[22
£
)
195
(11)
R$$^ Mandatory limit
'Q
12% 12% 12%
(7) (7) (7) 10% 10%
|H (6) (6) 7% /%
Hi ^H ^ ^ 3^ 2F
W ^ (2) . *
mm ^
3
to
S
c
s.
5
£
-------
TABLE 6.-Maximum concentration found
in physical and chemical constituents failing to meet
limits for systems surveyed
Constituent
Chromium
Color
Iron
Manganese
Nitrate
Selenium
Sulfate
Total dissolved solids
Turbidity
Zinc
Concentration
0.067 mg/1
100 s.u.
5.53 mg/1
1.3 mg/1
82.9 mg/1
0.041 mg/1
575 mg/1
1,775.5 mg/1
195 s.u.
18.3 mg/1
The water systems in Kansas proved to have the
highest rate for not meeting the Drinking Water
Standards. Fourteen (78 percent) of these systems failed
to meet the TDS standard. High levels of iron,
manganese, turbidity, sulfate, and nitrate were also
found in these systems producing objectionable water.
Six (33 percent) of the wells in Kansas produced water
that failed to meet the mandatory limit for selenium.
The maximum concentration found in physical and
chemical constituents failing to meet the limits is
presented in Table 6.
Table 7 shows those systems failing to meet the
Drinking Water Standards as a function of source. Most
of the systems failing to meet Drinking Water Standards
limits depended on ground water. Most of the problems
with the surface water came from systems using the
Colorado River, due to its mineral content. Four (17
percent) of the systems using wells as a raw water source
were bacteriologically contaminated, while three (11
percent) of the systems using surface water showed
coliform contamination. The system using spring water
and those systems using wholesale finished water were
free from coliform contamination.
Three of the water systems used cisterns filled with
water treated elsewhere and delivered by truck to a
storage tank. Gross bacteriological contamination was
found in one of these cisterns.
TABLE 7.—Water systems surveyed failing to meet drinking water standards limits, by source
Constituent
Color
Iron
Manganese
Nitrate
Sulfate
Total dissolved
solids
Turbidity
Zinc
Chromium
Coliform organisms
Selenium
Well (24)
Number
Percent
Spring (1)
Number
Percent
Surface (28)
Number
Percent
Wholesale finished
water (5)
Number
Percent
Recommended limits
2
7
3
3
6
17
6
4
8
29
13
13
25
71
25
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
1
1
0
5
5
1
1
0
4
4
0
18
18
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
Mandatory limits
1
4
5
4
17
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
11
0
0
0
1
0
0
20
Table 8 compares water systems in Kansas that take
water from similar types of aquifers. There were more
systems failing to meet the constituent limits for color,
iron, and turbidity in those systems where hand pumps
are used rather than power pumps. There were also
fewer hand-pumped systems failing to meet the TDS
standard. The bacteriological quality was essentially the
same for these types of systems.
A high standard plate count in this study was
considered to be anything over 1,000 organisms/ml.
Laboratory results show that 27 (47 percent) of the
systems studied had a high standard plate count in the
distribution system. Many of these were quite high,
exceeding 10,000 organisms/ml.
Table 9 compares the disinfection practices of those
systems in which large bacterial populations were found.
29
-------
TABLE 8.-Comparison of well water systems in Kansas for those systems failing to meet constituent limits
Constituent
Color
Iron
Manganese
Nitrate
Sulfate
Total dissolved solids
Turbidity
Zinc
Chromium
Coliform Organisms
Selenium
Power-pumped wells (10)
Number
Percent
Hand-pumped wells (7)
Number
Percent
Recommended limits
0
2
2
1
2
10
0
1
0
20
20
10
20
100
0
10
2
5
1
1
2
4
4
2
29
71
14
14
29
57
57
29
Mandatory limits ,
0
1
4
0
10
40
1
1
1
14
14
14
TABLE 9.—Comparison of disinfection practices and bacteriological contamination at water systems surveyed
Number of Systems
7 systems
with coliform
contamination
28 systems
with high
standard
plate count
No chlorination
practiced
Number
4
13
Percent
57
46
Chlorination practiced
Number
3
15
Percent
43
54
Chlorination practiced,
no residual found
Number
3
12
Percent
100
80
Chlorination practiced,
residual found
Number
0
3
Percent
0
20
Thirteen (46 percent), of those systems with a high
standard plate count did not practice any type of
disinfection. Of the 15 (54 percent) that did practice
disinfection (chlorination in all cases) 12 (80 percent)
did not show a detectable chlorine residual on the day of
the field survey. For those systems contaminated with
coliform bacteria, four (57 percent) did not disinfect in
any way. Of those systems which chlorinated, none had
a detectable chlorine residual in the distribution system
at the time of the field survey.
Water samples were collected from 10 reservoirs for
chlorinated insecticide analysis. Water was withdrawn
from each of these reservoirs for drinking water. The 10
reservoirs from which these water samples were taken
are:
1. Lake Berryessa
2. Lake Amador
3. Lake Folsom
4. Lake Jenkinson
5. Lake Casitas
6. Lake San Luis
7. Lake Havasu
8. Lake Imperial
9. Lake Cachuma
10. Lake Mead
None of the 12 chlorinated insecticides for which tests
were made were found in the water from any of these
reservoirs.
Bacteriological SurveUlance
Since bacteriological samples collected at the time of
the field survey can only give an indication of the
quality of water at a given time and not a complete
picture of water quality over a period of time, an effort
was made to gather the records of bacteriological
examinations made in the 12 months before the field
survey. Records of tests made by the State and county
health departments, and sometimes by private
laboratories, were examined, and the bacteriological
quality and the number of bacteriological samples
30
-------
collected each month from the distribution system were
recorded.
Although the bacteriological surveillance varied widely
from 0 to 32 samples per month, it generally did not
meet the Drinking Water Standards. In fact, only four
systems (7 percent) were sampled frequently enough to
meet the Drinking Water Standards.
The eight systems studied at Lake Berryessa in Napa
County, Calif., have the two samples per month
minimum required by the Drinking Water Standards, but
this frequency generally was maintained only during the
summer months (June-September) with infrequent
sampling the remainder of the year. The required
number of samples were taken at Boulder City, Nev.,
and at San Luis, Cachuma, and Casitas, Calif. The Kansas
State Health Department collects a maximum of one
water sample per month for bacteriological tests while
the pressure systems are operational in the summer.
However, samples were skipped during many months.
No surveillance was maintained in Kansas on the hand
pumped wells or on those systems built and operated by
concessions. All other water systems studied in this
survey had only sporadic bacteriological surveillance.
Overall, records could not be found for any
bacteriological testing within the preceding 12 months at
23, (40 percent) of the water systems studied. Of the 35
systems for which some records were available, 10 (28
percent) showed coliform contamination during at least
1 month in the past year. Eight systems showed
contamination in 2 months or more. These figures
become even more significant with the realization that
many of these systems take only two or three
bacteriological samples per year. These 10 systems
represent the minimum number that would fail to meet
the Drinking Water Standards. If the water quality was
accurately determined (i.e., the required number of
bacteriological samples were taken), there might be more
systems violating the Drinking Water Standards.
Chemical Surveillance
Chemical surveillance generally is not maintained on
any of the drinking water systems that were examined.
The Bureau of Reclamation does routinely require
chemical analysis of the water in its reservoirs. In this
way, an indirect check of chemical constituents in those
water systems using reservoir water is maintained. This
chemical analysis however, does not include all of the
constituents in the Drinking Water Standards.
Operation and Control
Adequate operation and control, as defined in this
study, means that the operator maintains daily
surveillance of all aspects of his water system. This
surveillance includes, in the case of chlorination, daily
checks on chlorine residuals in the distribution system.
Sand filters should be checked to see that they are
operating properly and whether backwashing is
necessary. Fifty-five (95 percent) of the water systems
studied were under the direct control of local personnel
and did not buy wholesale finished water. Of these, only
26 (47 percent) had good operation and control.
Records of the chlorine residuals taken each day
should be maintained and the records of past chemical,
physical, and bacteriological examinations and sanitary
surveys should be retained. Twenty-nine of the systems
studied did keep records of past performance. One of
the systems that practiced some form of clarification
had high turbidity in the finished water. The Diamond
Springs Main system at Jenkinson Reservoir had
turbidity of 3.6 s.u. (standard units) on the day of the
field inspection, indicating a failure of the
coagulation-sedimentation treatment process being
practiced. All of the other systems that practiced some
form of clarification had acceptable turbidity levels in
the distribution system.
As previously stated, 34 systems practice chlorination
to disinfect the water. Table 10 presents a breakdown of
which types of systems chlorinate and how well they
maintain a chlorine residual. Twenty-two (79 percent) of
those systems which chlorinate use surface water. Six,
(17 percent) of the systems which chlorinated did not
have a chlorine residual in the distribution system or
storage tank at the time of the survey, indicating a major
failure in the chlorination process. Twenty-four (67
percent) of the systems did not maintain a chlorine
residual at the ends of the distribution lines.
An investigation of source protection was attempted
at all the systems studied. All of the surface water
sources were adequately protected. No information
TABLE lO.-Chlorination practices and their effectiveness at water systems surveyed
Source
Surface water
Ground water
Total
Number of
supplies that
chlorinate
28
8
36
Systems with chlorine
residual found in
storage tank
Number
22
8
30
Percent of those which
chlorinate
79
100
83
Systems with chlorine
residual found in
distribution system
Number
7
5
12
Percent of those which
chlorinate
28
63
33
31
-------
could be obtained concerning the well construction for
four of the wells studied. Four other wells were
considered not to have adequate protection, one in
Kansas and three in California. The deficiencies generally
were related to the absence of a sanitary well seal (i.e.,
there was usually an open casing). The remainder of the
wells had good protection.
Adequate pressure (greater than 20 psi) in the
distribution systems of the water systems was
maintained in every case. Generally, elevated tanks
and/or pressure tanks were employed to sustain the
required pressure.
Raw Water Quality
Table 11 provides a summary of the raw water quality
found. Water systems for which raw water data were
unavailable or from which a raw water sample for
bacteriological analysis could not be taken are not
included in this table. The figures show that the
bacteriological quality, of water obtained from
groundwater sources is far better than that of surface
water sources in the total coliform and fecal coliform
categories. The standard plate count was essentially the
same for ground and surface water with surface water
having a slight edge in quality.
TABLE 11.—Bacteriological quality of raw water at water systems surveyed
Total coliform
Density
< 1/100 ml
1/100 ml- 4/100 ml
5/100 ml -10/100 ml
11/100 ml -50/100 ml
> 50/1 00 ml
Ground water (12)
83%
0
0
0
17
Surface water (20)
25%
35
10
20
10
Fecal coliform
< 1/100 ml
1/100 ml- 4/100 ml
5/100 ml -10/100 ml
11/100 ml -50/100 ml
> 50/1 00 ml
92%
8
0
0
0
45%
45
0
5
5
Standard plate count
< 1 ml -100 ml
101 ml -500 ml
501 ml -1,000 ml
1,001 ml -10,000 ml
> 10,000 ml
0%
17
8
25
50
20%
30
30
15
5
32
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-------
DISCUSSION
General
The efforts of the Bureau of Reclamation to provide
recreational facilities at its reservoirs can only be
applauded. The fact that these reservoirs are visited by
55 million people a year is prima facie evidence that the
public accepts these recreational opportunities and is
willing to make use of them. The public assumes and
rightly expects that the drinking water made available to
them is safe for consumption and will be esthetically
pleasing. The recommendations included in this report
are presented with these objectives in mind.
One of the problems is in applying established criteria
and standards for municipal systems to the small types
of water systems found in this study. These small
systems have water demands that vary to a large degree
during the week. Also, due to economic considerations,
small systems have a difficult time providing the full
water treatment that large water systems routinely
employ. Criteria and standards should be developed for
the construction and operation of small public drinking
water systems serving recreational areas.
This project was a pilot study involving a small
number of systems in isolated geographic areas. The
study illuminated enough health hazards to cast doubt
on the ability of these small systems as presently
operated to continuously produce water that is both safe
and esthetically pleasing. The study should, therefore, be
extended to other Federally related small water supplies
to fully assess the ability of these systems to produce
this type of water.
Water Quality and Source
Since 57 percent of the water systems failed to meet
some constituent limit of the Drinking Water Standards,
this study shows that there is a general need for
improvement in water quality for the supplies studied.
This need for improvement is not as critical for those
supplies which failed to meet only recommended
standards as it is for those which failed to meet the
mandatory limits, but improvement is important for all
these systems.
At the time of the field survey, four (17 percent) of
the well water systems and three (11 percent) of the
systems using surface water as a raw water source were
contaminated with coliform bacteria. The meaning of
these statistics in relation to the facilities and operation
of each system and the surveillance of each system will
be discussed later. Immediate steps should be taken to
determine the source of contamination and to separate
this source from the water supply. Disinfection of the
water may need to be instituted. Check samples should
be taken until the water supply can be guaranteed to be
safe.
All systems that used finished water bought wholesale
from municipal systems were free from coliform
contamination. This is in general agreement with the
findings of the community water supply study,1 which
show that water produced by larger systems is generally
of higher quality than that produced by smaller systems.
In this study of Bureau of Reclamation-related water
systems, only one other constituent limit was not met
by a system using wholesale finished water.
Twenty-seven (47 percent) of the water systems
studied evidenced a high standard plate count. The
standard plate count is another parameter that reflects
on the quality of the water system. Although a high
standard plate count does not usually have a direct
health significance, it does relate to the quality control
of water treatment processes and sanitation of
distribution line sections and storage tanks. The results
of recent research also suggest that the inhibitory
influence of various organisms may be an important
factor that could suppress the detection of the coliform
group.
The standard plate count of the raw water examined
in this study was higher for the water systems using
ground water than for the systems using surface water as
a raw water source. The reason for this unexpected
variance is not clear at this time.
Two mandatory chemical limits were not met in the
study, chromium and selenium. The chromium limit was
not met in only one water system, a hand pump at
Norton Reservoir in Kansas. The cause of this problem is
not known. The system should be resampled to provide
more information.
The standard for selenium was surpassed for one-third
of the systems in Kansas, indicating the probability of
high concentrations of selenium in all the aquifers in the
area. Selenium cannot be easily removed by known
water treatment methods. There are rather expensive
methods available, such as reverse osmosis;but these are
not now practical for small water systems. New raw
water sources should be developed. The water from
other wells in this area is also likely to contain high
concentrations of selenium, so the use of the water in
the existing reservoir with proper treatment (disinfection
and clarification) may be needed, despite the difficulties
and costs inherent in developing and maintaining a
surface supply for a small system.
JMcCabe, L. J., Symons, J. M., Lee, R. D., Robeck, G. G.,
"Survey of Community Water Supply Systems," Journal
American Water Works Association
35
-------
The results of this study show that 31 (53 percent)
systems produced water that did not meet at least one
recommended limit of the Drinking Water Standards.
These recommended limits are primarily esthetic in
nature and are divided into chemical and physical
characteristics. They relate to materials that impart
objectionable taste, appearance, and odor to the water,
and are important because a consumer may reject a safe
water supply if its taste or appearance is unsatisfactory
to him. Therefore, these limits should not be exceeded
when a more suitable water source can be made
available.
Of the seven water systems that did not meet the
5 s.u. limit for turbidity, six obtained their water from
wells and one used a lake for a source. None of these
systems provided any form of clarification. A high level
of turbidity is not acceptable for esthetic reasons; this
condition can also interfere with the disinfection
process. The presence of high turbidity can be classified
as a possible health hazard. It suggests a poor quality
source or construction and either poor operation or
inadequate treatment. For these reasons, consideration is
now being given to lowering the turbidity limit in the
revised Drinking Water Standards from 5 to 1 s.u.
Nineteen (33 percent) of the systems studied had a
turbidity in excess of 1 s.u.
The other recommended limits exceeded with greatest
frequency were total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate, and
iron. "Recommended limit" means that water supplies
containing high levels of these materials should not be
used if other more suitable supplies can be made
available. These limits were not met principally in
Kansas where all the systems studied were wells. The
level of sulfates and TDS were also quite high in those
systems along the Colorado River. The water for these
systems is taken either directly from the river or from a
well very close to the river.
Facilities and Operation
The cisterns used for drinking water systems have
presented many problems in the past, as found in the
Corps of Engineers study. One of the three cisterns
found in this study was grossly contaminated. When
water is transported by truck, there are many avenues
available for contamination of the supply. If at all
possible, another water system should be developed. If
the use of cisterns is continued, the water should be
adequately chlorinated when placed in the cistern. Also,
daily chlorine residual determinations of water in the
cistern should be made to assure that the water retains
its chlorine residual.
One of the major problems noted in this study was
with disinfection. For those systems contaminated with
coliform bacteria, four (57 percent) did not disinfect in
any way. All disinfection that was practiced was
chlorination. Of those systems which chlorinated, 12 (80
percent) had no detectable chlorine residual in the
distribution system on the day of the survey. None of
those systems with coliform contamination carried a
detectable chlorine residual on the day of the study.
These results are similar to those found in the study of
drinking water supplies around Corps of Engineers
reservoirs.
Chlorination of a water system involves several
operating problems. Quite often the chlorine feed
system becomes clogged or the chlorinator is
inadvertently turned off. Some consumers also complain
about the taste and odor of chlorinated water. The fact
that a chlorinator has been placed in the water system
does not guarantee a safe supply. If chlorinators are used
for disinfection, daily inspections of the feed equipment
and determinations of the chlorine residuals must be
conducted.
Another problem faced by many small systems is that
during periods of low water use, the chlorine residual
disappears in the distribution system and sometimes in
the storage tank. In order to help rectify some of these
problems, alternative means of disinfection should be
reviewed.
A problem with operation and control, except for
chlorination practices, was with clarification. As was
discussed in the preceding section, a turbidity unit of
1 s.u. has been proposed for inclusion in the 1973
Drinking Water Standards. In addition, any properly
operated clarification process should easily produce
water within this 1 s.u. limit. The finished water from
one water system practicing clarification exceeded this
limit. The turbidity level of the distributed water should
be checked daily on water systems that practice
clarification.
All of the foregoing operational problems emphasize
the necessity for some type of operator training. Most of
the individuals responsible for the water systems do not
have a full knowledge of what they should be doing and
the reasoning behind these duties. A short course or
booklet should be developed that would explain why the
required maintenance and surveillance practices are
important.
The Bureau' of Reclamation should maintain closer
control of the water systems around their reservoirs. An
identifiable organizational unit or specific positions in an
existing office should be established at the regional
office level, headquarters level, and the Bureau of
Reclamation's Engineering and Research Center in
Denver, Colo., with well defined responsibilities for
water systems adjacent to the reservoirs. This group of
positions would control the centralized approval of
construction plans for new systems, including water
systems to be built by others, and should provide for the
monitoring and operational review of all systems on
Reclamation projects. Where water quality problems are
indicated, the Bureau of Reclamation should seek a
better source of water and/or provide additional
36
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treatment. The Bureau should make sure that those
people responsible for the operation and maintenance of
the water systems have the appropriate training to
execute their responsiblities. The State and local health
departments are also essential in this process of
disseminating information and their activities in this area
need to be expanded.
Surveillance
The Environmental Protection Agency requires that all
water systems approved for use on interstate carriers
meet the criteria specified in the Drinking Water
Standards. This provision is for the protection of the
traveling public. If these standards were applied to the
water systems in this study, only 7 percent would be
approved for use with respect to bacteriological sampling
frequency. There is a great need for the initiation of a
bacteriological sampling program at these systems.
Napa County, Calif., has a good sampling program
during the warm summer months and the larger supplies
in Kansas have a periodic sampling system (usually once
a month) during the warm months. These should be
expanded to include the entire time that the systems are
operational. Surveillance is important for even the
smallest hand pump because the consumer will assume
that the water is safe if it is available. Any system can
become contaminated at any time.
Chemical surveillance is generally not practiced, the
only exception being the periodic testing of the reservoir
water by the Bureau of Reclamation. Well water should
be tested at least once for all chemical constituents listed
in the Drinking Water Standards before the water is
made available to the public. More frequent chemical
analysis is recommended for all systems served by a
surface water source, and periodic chemical analysis is
recommended for systems supplied by wells when there
is reason to believe the chemical quality may be
deteriorating.
37
-------
Participants
9
-------
PARTICIPANTS
The following persons and/or agencies contributed to the successful completion of this
pilot study:
PROJECT DIRECTOR
Curtis F. Fehn
PROJECT ADVISORS
Frank A. Bell, Jr.
Thomas N. Hushower
PROJECT CONSULTANT
John A. Cofrancesco
FIELD EVALUATION
Keith A. Boyd
Frank A. Bell, Jr.
Gale A. Wright
Curtis F. Fehn
LABORATORY SUPPORT
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Northwest Water Research Laboratory
Northeast Water Research Laboratory
Gulf Coast Water Research Laboratory
REPORT PREPARATION
Curtis F. Fehn
Linda Vennemann
Brenda Farmer
41
-------
Appendices
-------
APPENDIX A
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
1973 Revision
The 1962 Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards
are currently under revision by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). The responsibility for establishment of
standards for potable water was transferred to the EPA under
the authority of the Presidential Reorganization Plan No. 3
in 1970. Recommended revisions to the 1962 Standards were
completed in December 1971 by a technical committee of Fed-
eral experts under the sponsorship of the EPA. Their recom-
mendations are currently under review by an advisory committee
composed of representatives of public and private organizations
concerned with the problems of public health protection for
drinking water supplies.
The Technical Committee recommended the following changes
to the 1962 Standards:
BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLE SIZE
Coli form - Standard sample for membrane filter technique
raised from 50 ml to 100 ml.
45
-------
DEFINITIONS
To change the designated maximum allowable limits from
"Recommended Concentration" to "Approval Limit (Esthetics)"
and "Mandatory Concentration" to "Approval Limit (Health)".
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL APPROVAL LIMITS
1962
1973
Item
Turbidity, T.U.
Threshold odor number
Arsenic, mg/1
Organics-Carbon Adsorbable, mg/1
carbon chloroform extractable
carbon alcholhol extractable
Phenols, mg/1
T.D.S., mg/1
Mercury, mg/1
Sodium, mg/1
Mandatory Recommended Health Esthetic
i
0.05
5
3
0.01
0.2
0.001
500
ll/
0.1
3'
0.005^
27<£/
2I/
I
46
-------
I/ The Advisory Committee recommended restricting the 1
turbidity unit limit to the point where the water enters
the distribution system.
2_l The Advisory Committee recommended the threshold odor
number remain 3.
3/ Determination by using an improved miniaturized sampler
and extraction technique.
4/ The Advisory Committee recommended lowering the maximum
allowable limit to .002 mg/1.
5/ The Technical Committee recommended 270 mg/1 as a "health"
limit—with special provision for notifications at the
20 mg/1 level. The Advisory Committee recommended the
elimination of sodium as a designated limit but the inclu-
sion of the words and warnings prepared by the Technical
Committee.
47
-------
PESTICIDE - HERBICIDE APPROVAL LIMITS (HEALTH)-l973
(These compounds were not included in the 1962 Standards)
Item Concentration
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides mg/1
Aldrin 0.001
Chlordane 0.003
DDT 0.05
Dieldrin 0.001
Endrin 0.0005
Heptachlor 0.0001
Heptachlor epoxide 0.0001
Lindane 0.005
Methoxychlor 1 .0
Toxaphene 0.005
Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides, total 0.1 (parathion
equi valent)
Chlorophenoxy Herbicides:
2,4-D r-, 0.02
2,4,5-T-' 0.002
2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 0.03
RADIOLOGICAL APPROVAL LIMITS (HEALTH)
Activity (pCi/1) 1962 1973
Alpha
Gross 0.5
(5 when Ra 226 is less than 0.5)
Radium 226 3 0.5
Beta
Gross 1000 in 5
absence of
Strontium 90 (50 plus Potassium 40
when Sr 90 is less than 5)
Strontium 90 10 5
6/ The Advisory Committee has recommended the deletion of 2,4,5-T from the
Standards because of recent restrictions imposed on its use in this
country.
48
-------
Further research is needed to expand present information
before standards can be developed for (1) emergency situa-
tions, (2) the direct use of wastewaters as drinking water
sources, and (3) hazardous materials such as nickel, tin,
vanadium, lithium, boron, beryllium, antimony, molybdenum,
uranyl ion, viruses, hormones, adhesives, coatings, solvents,
asbestos, and carcinogenic and/or teratogenic organic com-
pounds. The Technical Committee also recognized the need for
standards for new synthetic organic compounds that may be
introduced into the environment in substantial amounts, such
as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB), and considered the inclusion of a value for tritium.
Standards for these three materials were discussed by the
Technical Committee, but were deferred until more definitive
toxicological information becomes available.
49
-------
APPENDIX B
INDIVIDUAL SANITARY
SURVEY RESULTS
51
-------
The individual sanitary survey results on the succeeding pages
were produced for each supply studied and copies were sent to
the individuals involved with each supply. In the few cases where
not all of the chemical results are listed, the data was not
available from the laboratory.
52
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE »el1
NAME OF AREA Cedar Bluff PUMP Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY North Side Pressure System STORAGE Ground level tank
PATE OF SURVEY 10-7-71
TREATMENT Chlorlnatlon
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None in the past year.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High Standard Plate Count
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Cedar Bluff PUMP Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY Headquarters System
DATE OF SURVEY 10-7-71
TREATMENT None
PUMP
STORAGE Pressure Tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Two samples taken in the past year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Manganese
OPERATION, CONTROL £• SANITARY DEFECTS
1, The chlorine residual should be checked daily.
2. On the day of the survey, a chlorine residual was found in the storage tank
but not in the distribution system.
COMMENTS
Bacteriological samples should be taken as prescribed in the DWS.
A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all times
in the distribution system.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DUS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be increased to meet the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5-0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
< .05
0.103
0.00
21.0
0.00
< 5
•PECOSHEHOED L1HIT ••HAMATORY LIUlT
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
NICKEL
0.031
0.0
0.023
0.00
0.036
1.3
< .0005
0.012
*LL VALUES A3E
NITRATE (45)*
pH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
8.9
7.4
0.003
0.00
350.0
799.0
)* O.A2
1.9
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
-£. .05
< 0.1
0.00
< 5.0
0.00
0.00
< 5
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGAMESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.11
0.0
0.060
0.00
0.020
NITRATE (45)*
pH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
0.3
7.6
0.002
0.00
285.0
707.2
)* 0.9
0.018
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
COL I FORM/100 ml
^ 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
^ 1
<: i
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
34,000
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION ft\
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLIFORH/100 ml
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
1,000
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Cedar Bluff PUMP Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY South Side Pressure System STORAGE Ground level storage tank
DATE OF SURVEY 10-7-71
TREATMENT Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Less than one sample per month is examined.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Glen Elder PUM? Unknown
NAME OF SUPPLY Visitors Center STORAGE Elevated Tank
DATE OF SURVEY 10-5-71
TREATMENT Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Unknown
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High standard plate count.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Nitrate
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
1. The chlorine residual should be checked daily.
2. A chlorine residual was found on the day of the survey.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Selenium
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids
OPERATION, CONTROL fc SANITARY DEFECTS N° chlorine residual was found
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be increased as recommended by the DWS.
COMMENTS
Water comes from the Glen Elder Municipal Supply. These treatment
facilities were not inspected.
A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all times in
the distribution system.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ARSENIC (0.01)* <
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
DATA
0.005
.13
0.130
0.00
6.8
n nr\
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (O.O*
0.071
0.0
0.021
0.013
0.020
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
48.3
7.6
0.006
0.00
73.5
469.5
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
0.00
< 5
•BECQgltHPEO liall *'«AHOA10lir UUIT
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
SOLIDS (500)*
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAVI WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
„ Q0
^ .0005 TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* °-27
0 00 ZINC (5.0)* °'73
AU VAluEi Mi miLiBarjs PEH UIER UHLESS OTHEHIISE KOTEP.
COLIFORH/100 ml
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
<1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
PHYSICAL AMD CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** .16
BORON (1.0)* 0.191
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** -000
CHLORIDE (250)* 11-9
CHROMIUM (.05)** -000
COBALT -000
COLOR (IS s.u.)* <5
•RECOiBEHDEO LiaiT ••BAWUTOHY tlUIT
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
.54
0.000
.11
.000
0.020
.000
< .0005
NITRATE (45)* 32i8
pH 7.3
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.020
SILVER (0.05)** -Off
SULFATE (250)* 101. n
TOTAL DISSOLVED-Z3JL2.
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*. 33
ZINC (5.0)* .17
.020
AU. VALUES WE IIUI&ftAilS PCM LITER UHUM OTMEXJISE NOTED.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLIFORH/100 ml
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
1700
-------
STATE
NAME OF AREA
NAME OF SUPPLY Boy Scout
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT Sone
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
KANSAS SOURCE Wel1
Kirwin PUMP Submersible
STORAGE Ground level storage tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High Standard Plate Count
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DUS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Selenium
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL UATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS
NAME OF AREA Kirwin
NAME OF SUPPLY Concession
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT None
SOURCE "eH
PUMP Submersible
STORAGE Pressure tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY H18h Standard Plate Count
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Selenium
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be practiced according to the DWS.
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be practiced according to the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)* <
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)* *
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
^
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•PJCOSKIHOED LtUIT ••HAWATORY
.15
0.1
0.00
5.0
Onn
. uu
0.00
5
LIU)T
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.097
0.0
0.029
0.00
0.020
0.00
^ . 0005
0.00
AIL VALUES HE
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*
ZINC (5.0)*
9.3
7.5
0.025
0.00
131.0
554.5
0.4
0.051
HILLIGHtJS PER LITER UNLESS OTHEMISE NOTED.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
FECAL
COLI FORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
8,500
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ARSENIC (0.01)*
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
DATA
0.005
.13
0.895
0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 122-°
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
s
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
0.00
0.00
5
•EECOSNEHDEU LIUIT ••BAHOATORY LIMIT
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIOE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.009
0.0
0.014
0.00
0.058
0 .00
^ 0005
0.003
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZIHC (5.0)*
16.9
7.5
0.041
0.00
575.0
1775.5
)* 0.5
0.079
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ff2
COLIFORM/100 ml
FECAL
COL I FORM/100
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
22,000
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Kirwin pUH? Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY Headquarters STORAGE Pressure Tank
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Tests made only once every six months
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High Standard Plate Count
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE
NAME OF AREA Lovewell PUMP
NAME OF SUPPLY Concession STORAGE
DATE OF SURVEY 10-5-71
TREATMENT None
Well
Centrifugal
Pressure Tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Tests showed the water contained 130 coliform/100 ml
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DV/S MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Selenium
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Manganese, Total Dissolved Solids
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
There is a possible cross connection at the well in the form of a hose from
an overhead pipe which is used for filling trucks.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Nitrate
OPERATION. CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be increased according to the DWS.
COMMEN
1. The system consisted of a well , pressure tank, and distribution system.
2. The bacteriological analysis indicated strong contamination. The source
of contamination should be found and some type of disinfection system installed.
3. The bacteriological sampling frequency should meet be increased to meet the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* 0.014
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•PECOimHOEO LIHIT ••BAHCATORY HU1T
.09
0.142
0.00
10.0
0.00
0.00
7
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGAMESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0-013 NITRATE (45)*
0.0
20.4
pH 7.4
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.054
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
0.022
0.013
0.030
0.059
* .0005 TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.27
0.00 ZINC (5.0)* 0.601
ALL VALUES A3E SILLIEam PER LITER UHLE» OTHERWISE NOTEO.
SULFATE (250)* 187.5
TOTAL DISSOLVED 625-5
SOLIDS (500)*
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION ii\
DISTRIBUTION //2
COLIFORM/100 ml
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
1,900
PHYSICAL
ARSENIC
AND CHEMICAL DATA
(0.01)* 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1
(5
CADMIUM
CHLORIDE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
.0)*
.0)**
(0.01)**
(250)*
(.05)**
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•RECdaaiHOED
< 0.
0,
6.
0,
0.
< 5
.27
.1
.00
.5
.00
.00
LltilT ••MANDATORY HUM
BACTERIOLOGICAL
RESULTS
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE
FLUORIDE
IRON (0.
LEAD (0.
M.B.A.S.
(0.01)*
(0.2)**
(1.4 to
3)*
05)**
(0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
0.017
0.000
NITRATE
PH
(45)* 82.9
SELENIUM (0.01)**
0.069
0.00
0.040
0
.00
SILVER
SULFATE
(0.05)**
(250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS
(500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
COLIFORM/100 ml
<
0
F
.0005
•AlP.ALOE, ,
:ECAL
COLIFORM/100
ZINC (5
ml
.0)*
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48
7.
0.
0.
68.
707.
0.
0.
hr.
,4
.005
,00
,5
0
,33
.320
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION f/2
130
190
56
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Lovewell PUMP Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY Park Pressure System STORAGE Pressure Tank
DATE OF SURVEY 10-5-71
TREATMENT Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
One sample per month
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS
NAME OF AREA Lovewell
NAME OF SUPPLY Scout Area
DATE OF SURVEY 10-5-71
TREATMENT None
SOURCE Well
PUMP Handpump
STORAGE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE N° record of anv tests in past year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good at cime o£ vislt
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
None
Total Dissolved Solids
A chlorine residual was found at all points in the distribution system during
the survey.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Hone
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Color
Sulfate, Manganese, Iron, Turbidity
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
1. The chlorine residual should be checked daily.
2. The bacteriological sampling frequency should be increased to meet the DWS.
COMMENTS
1. The Scout Area is served by an old handpump which was apparently in place
before the reservoir was completed.
2. No records were available concerning well construction or quality testing.
3. Bacteriological surveillance should be practiced according to the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ARSENIC (0.01)*
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)* *
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROHIUH (.05)**
COBALT
DATA
0.005
.54
' 0.1
0.00
13.3
0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* < 5
•p.ECoimnoED nun ••tuniuTOi
«Y LIMIT
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.020
0.0
0.043
0.00
0.030
0.012
< .0005
°.tP9»l»K '
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
31.0
7.5
0.006
0.00
21.4
538.5
)*1.0
2.4
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUH (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
26
0.135
.003
13.0
.000
> 100
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
.013
0.000
5.53
.000
0.026
.26
< .0005
.007
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
0.8
7.1
0.002
.000
270.0
895.5
)*52.0
.48
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION H2
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION //2
COLIFORH/100 ml
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
640
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE "ell
NAME OF AREA Norton PUMP Handpump
NAME OF SUPPLY Handpump #1 (Numbering E to W) STORAGE None
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
None
High Standard Plate Count
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Wel1
NAME OF AREA Norton pu»p Handpump
NAME OF SUPPLY Handpump #2 (Numbering E to W) STORAGE None
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High Standard Plate Count
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Zinc
OPERATION, CONTROL £. SANITARY DEFECTS
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Chromium, Selenium
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Iron, Total Dissolved Solids
OPERATION, CONTROL fc SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
The bacteriological sampling frequency should be practiced according
to the DWS.
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be practiced in accordance with the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ARSENIC (0.01)*
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)* <
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
"COLOR (15 s.u.)* <
DATA
0.005
.17
0.1
.001
6.0
.000
.000
5
•PECO'JSEHBED LIMIT ••BAHBATORY L1U1T
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
.000
0.000
.17
.004
0.040
.021
< .0005
.003
M.L VALUES A3E
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
0.1
7.6
0.002
.000
10.2
297.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 2-8
71 Mr (5-f>)*
6.6
• ILLieiUilS flU LITER UNLESS OTHERWISE HOTEP.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION it\
DISTRIBUTION #2
COL I FORM/100 ml
FECAL
COL I FORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
13,000
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
.13
< 0.1
0.002
13.3
0.067
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
0.047
0.0
0.52
0.00
0.055
n rins
NITRATE (45)* 41.6
pH 7.5
SELENIUM (O.on** 0.019
SILVER (0.05)** °-00
SULFATE (250)* 177-5
TOTAL DISSOLVED 742'5
SOLIDS (500)*
0.009
< 5
ReCOSaEHOED LIUIT ••aAHOATOHY UU1T
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
MERCURY * •°005
NICKEL 2;°«
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 1.2
ZINC (5.0)* 1.0
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION lt\
DISTRIBUTION f/2
COLIFORH/100 ml
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
<1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
22,000
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL MATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Wel1
NAME OF AREA Norton pUHj> Handpump
NAME OF SUPPLY Handpump #3 (Numbering E to W) STORAGE None
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT K°ne
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High Standard Plate Count
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE
NAME OF AREA Norton PUMP Kandpump
NAME OF SUPPLY Handpump #4 (Numbering E to W) STORAGE None
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY H18h Standard Plate Count
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DVIS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Turbidity
OPERATION, CONTROL S. SANITARY DEFECTS
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DV/S MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
None
Turbidity, Color, Zinc, Iron
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be practiced in accordance with the DWS.
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be practiced according to the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ARSENIC (0.01)*
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5-0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•PECOSalHOCD U«IT ••HAHflUO
DATA
0.005
.27
< 0.1
0.00
7.3
0.00
0.00
< 5
»< UU1T
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.012
0.0
0.14
0.00
0.076
< .0005
»ft-flfi»t. .;
NITRATE (45)*
pH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
37.2
7.6
0.003
0.00
20.2
357.5
)* 5.3
4.5
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
.19
0.001
0.00
< 5.0
0.00
0.00
> 100
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUOR1DE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.076
0.0
0.77
0.021
0.026
0 018
0 00
ALL VM.UES JUE
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
10.2
7.6
< 0.001
0.007
17.5
331.5
)*195.0
_7..Z_
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ttl
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
FECAL
COL1FORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
21,000
RAVI WATER
DISTRIBUTION ti\
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLIFORM/100 ml
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
28,000
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Norton PUMP Handpump
NAME OF SUPPLY Handpump #5 (Numbering E to W) STORAGE None
DATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High Standard Plate Count
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Wel1
NAME OF AREA Norton PUMP Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY Pressure System STORAGE Ground level storage tank
PATE OF SURVEY 10-6-71
TREATMENT Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE One sample analyzed per month
BACTERIOLOGICAL OJJALITY High Standard Plate Count
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DUS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Nitrate, Iron
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
Bacteriological sampling should be practiced according to the DWS.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED T°tal Dissolved Solids
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
1. Chlorine residual is checked weekly instead of daily.
2. A trace of chlorine was found in the distribution system.
COMMENTS
1. The bacteriological sampling frequency should meet the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ARSENIC (0.01)* <
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)* <
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <
•BECOSSEHilEt I III It ••mWMORY
DATA
0.005
.11
0.1
0.00
6.8
0.00
0.00
Liulr
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.
,016
0.0
_0.
0.
0,
0,
^ .
.,°<
.78
.00
.026
.030
.0005
.00
IH.UE! ME
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL Dl SSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.i,.)*
ZINC (5.0)*
56.
7.
0.
0,
85,
547,
4.
0
,5
.5
,007
.00
.0
.1
.2
.76
MILLIGRAMS PER LITER UHLESS OTHERWISE VOTED.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAVI WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION tfi
COL I FORM/100 ml
< 1
FECAL
COLI FORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
7,300
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
ARSENIC (0.01)*
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)* <
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
C03ALT
DATA
0.005
.17
0.1
.000
10.0
.000
.000
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIOE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
H.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
.097
0.000
.017
.000
0.030
.000
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.]
26.6
7.4
0.007
.000
112.5
707.7
I* 0.53
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
< 5
P Hill? "alMATORr LIUlT
MERCURY -^.0005
NICKEL .L^fuur,
ZINC (5.0)*
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLI FORM/100 ml
< 1
< 1
FECAL
COL I FORM/100 ml
< 1
•C 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
3,900
45,000
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Wel1
NAME OF AREA Webster PUMP Centrifugal
NAME OF SUPPLY North Side Pressure System STORAGE Ground level storage tank
PATE OF SURVEY 10-7-71
TREATMENT Manual Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE One sample per month is analyzed.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Raw water is contaminated. Water in the distribution
system has been contaminated in the past. Water quality in the distribution system
was good at the time of the survey.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Selenium
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Iron, Zinc
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
1. Chlorine residual should be checked daily.
2. At the time of the survey, the distribution system did not show a chlorine
residual. However, the storage tank had a strong chlorine residual.
3. While the well is being pumped, half of the distribution system re.
water. This should be corrected, and the needed work is planned. 4.
COMMENTS equipment on hand should be installed. This work is planned.
. .
The disinfection
1. The bacteriological surveillance should be increased to meet the DWS.
2 . If the source of contamination of the well is not found , other sources
of raw water should be explored.
3 . A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all times
in the distribution system.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU Of RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE KANSAS SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Webster PUMP Handpump
NAME OF SUPPLY South Side Handpump STORAGE None
DATE OF SURVEY 10-7-71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Coliform, fecal coliform, and a high standard
plate count were found.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED Hone
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids,
Sulfate, Iron
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
1. The pump is old and was installed before the reservoir was constructed.
2. Bacteriological tests should be made at a frequency prescribed by the DWS.
3. The source of contamination of the well should be found and the problem
resolved. An alternative would be to remove the pump or post a sign warning
potential users of the water about its quality.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* ^ 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLOR1DE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
.11
< 0.1
0.002
6.0
0.00
j
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.28
0.0
0.49
0.00
< .0005
0 00
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
24.4
7.4
0.015
0.00
175.0
766.0
)* 1.7
5.2
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)*-*
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)*-*
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
< 0
•£. 0.
0
17
0
0
.005
.09
.1
.005
.5
.00
00
LIU1T
COPPER (1.0)* 0.031
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.0
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* J-2
LEAD (0.05)** °-00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-020
MANGANESE (0.05)* °'°53
^ .0005
MERCURY
0 00
NICKEL uimui. M
NITRATE (45)*
pH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
3.0
7.2
0.005
0.007
305.0
879.0
H- 5.3
2.1
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION 1/2
COLIFORM/100 ml
520
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
25,000
290
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION f/2
COLIFORM/100 ml
260
COLIFORM/100 ml
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
1,500
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Lake
NAME OF AREA - Berryessa PUMP Centrifugal
NAME OF SUPPLY - Lake Berryessa Marina STORAGE - Ground level storage tanks
PATE OF SURVEY - 11/9/71
TREATMENT Sand filtration and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - Feb.-l, June-3, July-3, Aug.-4, Sept.-2 .samples taken.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - ^^
NAME OF AREA - Berryessa pUHj> . Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY - Markley Cove STORAGE - Ground level storage tank
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/9/71
TREATMENT - Sand filtration, chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 2 samples/month, June-Sept.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY- One sample each in August and Sept. showed coliform contamination
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL fr SANITARY DEFECTS Chlorine residual found at all points
COMMENTS The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to meet
the DWS during the entire time the system is operational.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED' None
OPERATION, CONTROL 6- SANITARY DEFECTS
1. No chlorine residual found in distribution system.
2. Chlorine residuals not checked daily.
3. The top of the storage tank was not covered at the time of the field inspection.
COMMENTS 1. The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to meet
the DWS during the entire time the system is operational.
2. A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at
all times in the distribution system.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*<0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** < 0.05
BORON (1.0)* 0.402
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** °-00
CHLORIDE (250)* 35.5
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <5
COPPER (1.0)* 0.007
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.052
LEAD (0.05)** °-00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.017
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.004
MERCURY .£0.0005
0.008
NITRATE (45)* 0-1
pH 7.8
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 17-4
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 176'°
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.8
ZINC (5.0)* 0.005
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0.05
BORON (1.0)* 0.484
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)*
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE California SOURCE Lake
NAME OF AREA - Berryessa PUHP Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY - Putah Creek Park STORAGE Ground level tank and surge tank
DATE OF SURVEY 11-8-71
TREATMENT - Sand filtration and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE- 2 samples/month, June - September
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY- Good
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED- NONE
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - NONE
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS - 1. Chlorine residuals found at all points.
2. Chlorine residuals are not checked daily.
COMMENTS
The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to
meet the DWS during the entire time the system is operational.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Lake
NAME OF AREA Berryessa PUMP - Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY - Rancho Monticello STORAGE - Ground level storage tank
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/8/71
TREATMENT '- S&nd filtration, chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 2 samples/month, June-Sept.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - Two samples taken in June showed coliform contamination.
Remainder of samples are good.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS - 1. Chlorine residuals were found in the
distribution system.
2, Not known if daily chlorine residuals
are taken.
COMMENTS - 1- The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to
meet the DWS during the entire time the system is operational.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <• 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** •*• 0.05
BORON (1.0)* < 0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 47.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* < 5
COPPER (1.0)* 0.012
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.010
LEAD (0.05)** 0.00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.020
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.00
MERCURY ^ 0.0005
NITRATE (45)* 0.3
pH 8.2
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** °-003
SULFATE (250)* 18-8
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 196.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* °-83
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*-to.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (l.0)**<0.05
BORON (1.0)* <0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 30.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <5
COPPER (1.0)* 0.007
CYANIDE (0.01)* °-000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.022
LEAD (0.05)** 0.00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.020
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.00
MERCURY < 0.0005
NITRATE (45)* 0.2
pH 8.0
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** °-003
SULFATE (250)* 2-3
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 404.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.45
ZINC (5.0)* 0.18
•P£CO?HIHDEO LIMIT •
BACTERIOLOGICAL
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION H\
DISTRIBUTION #2
•MWIATORV UM1T NICKEL 0
RESULTS
COLIFOPJ1/100 ml
1
^ 1
< 1
'•°° lU YM.OES «f IIU.I
FECAL
COLIFORM/ 100 ml
1
f. 1
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE . ^^
NAME OF AREA - Berryessa PUMP - Centrifugal
NAME OF SUPPLY - South Shore STORAGE - Elevated or ground level
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/9/71 storage tanks
TREATMENT '- Sand filtration, chlorlnation
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 1 Sample in May, 2/month in June-Aug., 1 in Sept.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA - Berryessa PUMP - Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY South Shore Well STORAGE - Ground level storage tank
PATE OF SURVEY 10/9/71
TREATMENT '- Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE May - 1, June - 4, Aug.-2, Sept. - 2 samples taken.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY G°°d
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
1. Chlorine residual found in storage tank but not distribution system.
2. Chlorine residuals not checked daily.
COMMENTS 1- The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to
meet the DWS during the entire time the system is operational.
2. A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all
times in the distribution system.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Turbidity
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS Chlorine residuals found at all points
COMMENTS The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to meet the DWS
the entire time the system is operational.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0.005
BORON (1.0)* 0.248
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** °-°°
CHLORIDE (250)* 21.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** °-°°
COBALT °-00
COPPER (1.0)* °-°ls
CYANIDE (0.01)* °-°°°
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.052
LEAD (0.05)** °-00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-°3°
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-003
NITRATE (45)* 0.4
pH 7.5
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 17.4
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 172-5
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0.05
BORON (1.0)* 0.450
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.002
CHLORIDE (250)* 37.2
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COPPER (1.0)* o.Oll
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.059
LEAD (0.05)** °-13
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-026
MANGANESE (0.05)* °'024
NITRATE (45)* 12.0
pH 7.5
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.005
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 91.5
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 400.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 7-9
MERCURY < 0.0005
COLOR (15 s.u.)*<5 ZINC
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION IK
COLIFORM/100 ml
2
< 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
£ 1
± i
-------
SOURCE - Lake
PUMP - Submersible
STORAGE - 2 concrete tanks, one pressure
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA - Berryessa
NAME OF SUPPLY - Spanish Flat
DATE OF SURVEY 11/9/71
TREATMENT- Filtration through diatomaceous
earth, chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - Feb.-l sample, June - 3 samples, July-3 samples, Aug.-3
samples, Sept. - 2 samples.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Coliform contamination found in 3 of the above samples.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DVIS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS i. No chlorine residuals found in system.
2. Chlorine residuals not checked daily.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
SOURCE - Lake
PUMP - Centrifugal
STORAGE - Underground tanks at plant
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA - Berryessa
NAME OF SUPPLY - Steele Park
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/9/71
TREATMENT coagulation, floculation, sedimentation,
filtration, carbon, chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 2 samples/month, June-Sept.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - 2 o£ the samples in the past year showed coliform contamination.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
Chlorine residual found at treatment plant but not in distribution system.
COMMENTS I- The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to meet
the DWS during the entire time the system is operational.
2. A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all
times in the distribution system.
COMMENTS
The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to meet the DWS
during the entire time the system is operational.
A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all times
in the distribution system.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (o.oi)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** 0.28
BORON (1.0)* 0.446
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 15.2
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* < 5
COPPER (l.O)-* 0.005
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* °-008
LEAD (0.05)** 0.00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.013
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.005
MERCURY •* 0.0005
NITRATE (45)* <0.1
pH 7.4
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 25.5
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 401.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.b.)* 0.2
ZINC (5.0)* 0.051
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** < 0.005
BORON (1.0)* 0.390
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 17.7
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
C03ALT °-°°
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <5
COPPER (1.0)* 0.021
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.027
LEAD (0.05)** 0.00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-020
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-004
MERCURY < 0.0005
NITRATE (45)* 0.2
pH 7.8
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 17.9
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* '5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* o.9
ZINC (5.0)* 0.007
•P.ECOSaEHOEO LIMIT "W&WHTORV U
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION //2
ult NICKtL u-u
COL 1 FORM/1 00 ml
27
< 1
•£. 1
^ ui «u.«s .» niuie.,
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
•£ \
< 1
£ 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
240
4
13
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION HZ
m, NICKEL
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Lake
NAME OF AREA - Cachuma PUMP - Centrifugal pump
NAME OF SUPPLY - Park Supply STORAGE - Ground level concrete tank
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/17/71
TREATMENT - Sand filtration and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - Excellent (average 8 samples/month)
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - Standards not met one month in past year.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Lake
NAME OF AREA Camp Far West PUMP - Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY - Recreation Area STORAGE - Pressure tank
PATE OF SURVEY- 11/12/71
TREATMENT • Chlorination, sand filtration, carbon filtration
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - 2 samples taken in year prior to survey
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good at time of survey
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
Chlorine residual found in distribution system.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION. CONTROL fr SANITARY DEFECTS
No chlorine residual found in distribution system
COMMENTS
1. System is well maintained
2. Recommend placement of gas masks outside the door of
the treatment plant.
COMMENTS
1. Chlorinator should be moved to outlet of the carbon filter so
that a chlorine residual can be maintained in the distribution system.
2. Bacteriological surveillance should be increased to meet the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)*-* <0.05
BORON (1.0)* 0.119
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* < 5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.02
COBALT °-00
COLOR (15 s.u.)*<5
•eECOlHEHDED UUIt ••»«M»II)BY llllll
COPPER (1.0)* 0.019
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0,000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0-023
LEAD (0.05)** °-025
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.036
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-°°
MERCURY 0.0010
NICKEL °-00
NITRATE (45)* 0.3
pH 7.7
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.004
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 385.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 694.0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*0.35
ZINC (5.0)* 0.027
>U VALUES A3E HUlieiUUS ?ER LITER UMUM OTHE»ISC HDTEO.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAVI WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ill
COLIFORM/100 ml
5
*L 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
31
15
7
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*<0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** < 0.05
BORON (1.0)* < 0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* < 5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)*<5
•BECOKUHOED iiait "mummy UIIIT
COPPER (1.0)* 0.016
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.00
LEAD (0.05)** 0.00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.020
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.00
MERCURY 0.0010
NICKEL 0.00
NITRATE (45)* 0.7
pH 7.3
SELENIUM (0.01)**<0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 5.8
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 80-5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.47
ZINC (5.0)* 0.020
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAV) WATER
DISTRIBUTION ff\
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLIFORM/100 ml
* 1
< 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
*- 1
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
190
26
51
-------
.REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE California
NAME OF AREA - contra
NAME OF SUPPLY - Picnic Area
DATE OF SURVEY 11/10/71
TREATMENT - Chlorination
SOURCE - Unknown
PUMP - Unknown
STORAGE - Ground level tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - No records of any tests could be found at the
Contra Costa County Health Department.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - Good at time of survey
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA - Casitas
NAME OF SUPPLY - Water District
PATE OF SURVEY - 11/18/71
TREATMENT '- Chlorination
SOURCE - Lake
PUMP - None at intake
STORAGE - Ground level storage tanks
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - Excellent (average 32 samples/month)
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - High standard plate count
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS - No chlorine residual found in storage
tank or distribution system.
COMMENTS 1- Water is delivered by truck from Antiock, California
2. Due to the large number of avenues of contamination, a chlorine
residual should be maintained at all times and frequent bacteriological
tests should be made.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DUS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
Chlorine residual found in distribution system.
COMMENTS
Treatment facilities are in good condition.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA copp£R (, 0)^ 0 00?
ARSENIC (0.01)* o.oo,
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <
BORON (1.0)* <
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•PECKmHDED USI1 ••»»
0.05
0.1
0.00
29.0
0.00
0.00
< 5
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.047
LEAD (0.05)** 0.00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-013
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-0°6
MERCURY <• 0.0005
•wuion ii.li NICKEL 0.008
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml COLIFORM/100
NITRATE (45)* 0.2
PH 7.1
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 43.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 229'°
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.47
ZINC (5.0)* 1.3
ME HIUIGfUUS ttJt tITER UNLESS OTHEN9ISE NDTEI
S.P.C./ml
ml 35° C - 48 hr.
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ff2
^ 1
< 1
48
140
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*< 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** ^ 0.009
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.006
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•RECOH3EHOED LIUH ••UAHiUTDBY LttllT
COPPER (1.0)* 0.023
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.026
LEAD (0.05)** 0.016
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.008
MERCURY * 0.0005
NICKEL 0.009
NITRATE (45)*
pH 7.7
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)** 0.003
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*
ZINC (5.0)* 0.16
»U muES «E UlLLIEIUiJi PEB UIEa UHUSS OTHEiOtSE HOUO,
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLIFORM/100 ml
1
•£ 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
1
<1 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
170
1
1,500
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA - Folsom
NAME OF SUPPLY - Beals Point
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/11/71
TREATMENT : Unknown
SOURCE - Lake
PUMP - Unknown
STORAGE - Unknown
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - 2 samples taken in year prior to survey of water
treated by the San Juan Water District
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - Good
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Lake
NAME OF AREA - Folsom PUMP Centrifugal pump
NAME OF SUPPLY - Brown's Ravine STORAGE 2 pressure tanks
DATE OF SURVEY nmm
TREATMENT ' Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None on record
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High standard plate count on day of survey.
CHEMICAL QUALITY -
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED- None
OPERATION, CONTROL S SANITARY DEFECTS - No chlorine residual found
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
1. Chlorinator was leaking and not working on day of visit.
2 Chlorine residuals should be checked daily.
COMMENTS
1- Water purchased from San Juan Water District
2. Booster chlorination should be installed if a chlorine
residual cannot be maintained.
3. A bacteriological surveillance program should be practiced
in accordance with the DWS.
1. With evidence of fecal contamination in the raw water, strict control
over the chlorination is a necessity.
2 A bacteriological surveillance program should be practiced in accordance
with the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (O.OI)-^O.OOS
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** < 0.05
BORON (1.0)* <0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)*<5-0
CHROMIUM (.05)** °-°°
COBALT 0.00
COPPER (1.0)* 0.006
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.053
LEAD (0.05)** 0-016
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* O-013
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.00
MERCURY < 0.0005
NITRATE (45)* 0.1
pH 9.0
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.002
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 4.9
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 70.0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 2.5
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0 005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0 01
BORON (1.0)* ^0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)*
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Lake
NAME OF AREA ' F°lsom PUMP - None from intake to chlorinator
NAME OF SUPPLY - Dam SuPPly STORAGE - Elevated storage tank
PATE OF SURVEY - ll/H/71
TREATMENT- Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None on record
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Hi8h standard Plate count at tlme o£ surveV-
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE " Lake
NAME OF AREA - Folsom PUHi> Unknown
NAME OF SUPPLY - Granite Bay STORAGE . Unknown
BATE OF SURVEY - 11/11/71
TREATMENT - Unknown
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE- 2 samples taken In year prior to survey of water
treated by the San Juan Water District.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - Good
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - Non<2
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS - No chlorine residual found in distribution
system.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS - No chlorine residual found
COMMENTS - 1. A bacteriological surveillance program should be practiced in
accordance with the DWS.
2. Chlorine residuals should be checked daily.
3. A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at
all times in the distribution system.
COMMENTS 1. Water purchased from San Juan Water District
2. Booster chlorination should be installed if a chlorine
residual cannot be maintained.
3. A bacteriological surveillance program should be practiced
in accordance with the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Lake
NAME OF AREA - Folsom PUMP Unknown
NAME OF SUPPLY - Negro Bar STORAGE Unknown
DATE OF SURVEY - u/um
TREATMENT Unknown
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 2 samples taken in year prior to survey of water
treated by the San Juan Water District.
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA Folsom
NAME OF SUPPLY - Pennisula Campground
OATE OF SURVEY 11/11/71
TREATMENT - Chlorination, Filtration
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
SOURCE - La1*
PUMP Submersible
STORAGE Ground level storage tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Good
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE None on record
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High standard plate count on day of survey.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS N° chlorine residual found
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
1 Chlorine residuals not taken daily
2. A chlorine residual was found in the distribution system.
1 Water purchased from San Juan Water District.
2. Booster chlorination should be installed if a chlorine residual cannot
be maintained.
3. A bacteriological surveillance program should be practiced in accordance
with the DWS.
COMMENTS
1. A bacteriological surveillance program should be practiced in accordance
with the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** 0 05
BORON (1.0)* < 0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* < 5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** °-°°
COBALT 0 00
COLOR (15 s.u.
COPPER (1.0)* 0.006
CYANIDE (0.01)* °-000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.052
LEAD (0.05)** °-016
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-010
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-°°
MERCURY <0.0005
NITRATE (45)* 0.1
pH 7.2
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** °-°°
SULFATE (250)* 5-2
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*
0.78
ZINC (5.0)* 0.027
NICKEL °-00
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0.05
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* ^10
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0 00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* 5
• BECOWEHDED HSIt "»AHOAT r[« LIIH WlLtJJ OTHtOISC KOIED.
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
200
48
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION in.
COLIFORM/100 ml
•<• 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
47,000
25
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Lake Amador
NAME OF AREA Lake Amador PUMP Power
NAME OF SUPPLY Lake Amador STORAGE Large hydro pneumatic tank
DATE OF SURVEY 11/10/71
TREATMENT Filtration and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 9 samples per year.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High standard plate count at time of survey;
sampling for last year showed 33% having 3 or more positive tubes for coliform.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Manganese
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS Chlorine residual was not maintained in the
distribution system; records were negligible or not available.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Water is hauled from the
NAME OF AREA - Los Banos PUMP San Uiis-O'Neil Pressure System
NAME OF SUPPLY - Large Campground STOPAGE - Small steel tank
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/15/71
TREATMENT
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Fecal contamination found in water.
High standard plate count.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
No chlorine residual found in system
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be made to maintain a chlorine residual of 0.1 - 0.2 ppm
at all points in the distribution system; this should be regularly measured.
2. The rate of bacteriological sampling should be increased to twice per month.
3. Regular records should be kept for treatment operations, chlorine residual
determinations, bacteriological results, etc.
COMMENTS
1. Due to the many possible avenues of contamination, the chlorine residual
should be kept up and checked daily.
2. Care should be taken in the transport of the water. The source of
the water must be safe.
3. A bacteriological surveillance program should be instituted in accordance
with the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.0005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5-0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•x 0.05
0.169
0.00
•e. 5.0
0.00
0.00
15
OkTORY UU1T
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0 2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2 4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
NICKEL
0.012
0.0
—
0.13
0.00
0.030
0.008
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
0.3
7.3
0.004
0.00
17.8
144.5
)* i.o
0.048
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0.05
BORON (1.0)*<0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 21.5
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.t,.)*
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA - Merle Collins PUMP - Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY - Campground STORAGE - Pressure tank
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/12/71
TREATMENT -' None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - 1 sample taken in year prior to survey
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good at time of survey
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA - Millerton
NAME OF SUPPLY - Dam Supply
PATE OF SURVEY - 11/15/71
TREATMENT '- Chlorination
SOURCE - Lake
pUMp - Type unknown
STORAGE - Ground level storage tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - Unknown
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good at time of survey
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DUS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
Well, pump, and pressure tanks are in good condition.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
Chlorine residual found in distribution system.
COMMENTS
Bacteriological surveillance program should be increased to meet the DWS.
COMMENTS
Bacteriological surveillance should meet the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** < 0.05
BORON (1.0)* <0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.006
CHLORIDE (250)* <5-0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)*<5
•EECOSaEHOED LiaiT "BAmATOR* HUH
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
COPPER (1.0)* 0.025
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* °-°°
LEAD (0.05)** 0-051
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-010
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.035
MERCURY < 0.0005
NICKEL 0.00 ,umM!
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml COLIFORM/100
NITRATE (45)* <0.1
PH 7.5
SELENIUM (0.01)**<0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 10.1
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 233-0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.22
ZINC (5.0)* 0.071
A3E KtUimaS PER LITER UHIESS OTHER9ISE NOTED.
S.P.C./ml
ml 35° C - 48 hr.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** 0.05
BORON (1.0)* T0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* < 5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** °-000
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <5
COPPER (1.0)* 0.020
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.071
LEAD (0.05)** °'016
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.013
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.011
MERCURY <0.0005
NITRATE (45)* 0.5
pH 6.9
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** °-°°
SULFATE (250)* 1.2
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 50.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 2.2
ZINC (5.0)* °-092
•EECOSaEHOED Liail •
BACTERIOLOGICAL
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
•utautm LIUII NICKEL u.u
RESULTS
COLIFORM/100 ml
£. 1
*L 1
ALL VALUES A3E HtUIGflJUS PER
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
^ 1
^ 1
LITER UHIESS DTHEFOISE WOTED.
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
180
19
•RECOSSEHOEU LltMT ••UAKOATORV LIU
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
IT musti. «•"'
COLIFORM/100 ml
^ 1
1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
•^ 1
•c. 1
S.P.C./nl
35° C - 48 hr.
150
3
72
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Lake
NAME OF AREA - Millerton pUMp . Submersible
NAME OF SUPPLY - Ft- Miller STORAGE - Ground level concrete tank
PATE OF SURVEY - 11/16/71
TREATMENT - Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - Unknown
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - High standard plate count at time of survey
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME Of AREA - Millerton
NAME OF SUPPLY - Meadow
DATE OF SURVEY 11/16/71
TREATMENT - Chlorination
SOURCE - Lake
PUMP - Submersible
STORAGE ~ Ground level concrete tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - Unknown
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - High standard plate count at time of survey
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
'DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - Turbidity, Iron, ?inc
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
Chlorinator was turned off at time of survey. No chlorine residual found,
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
No chlorine residual found in distribution system.
COMMENTS
Chlorine residuals should be checked daily.
Bacteriological surveillance should meet the DWS.
A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all
times in the distribution system.
COMMENTS
1. Chlorine residual should be checked daily
2. Bacteriological surveillance should meet the DWS.
3. A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained
at all times in the distribution system.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* 0.016
(0.05)-**
BARIUM (1.0)** 0.08
BORON (1.0)* < 0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.007
CHLORIDE (250)* <5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.007
COBALT 0.0
COLOR (15 S.u.)* 15
• PECO^iEHOEO UUIT ••VlttOlTORV UH1T
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
COPPER (1,0)* 0.068
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 4'3
LEAD (0.05)** 0'16
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0,017
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.069
MERCURY* 0.0005
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml COLIFORM/100
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
hi CTBI RIITI ON #?
1 1
1 1
NITRATE (45)* 1.1
pH 6.7
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** °-°°
SULFATE (250)* 2.1
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 45.0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 5.7
ZINC (S.OH 18-3
S.P.C./ml
ml 35° C - 48 hr.
63,000
200
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** < 0.05
BORON (1.0)* < 0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* <5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)*<5
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
COPPER (1.0)* 0.027
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* °-081
LEAD (0.05)** °-°l6
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-013
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.004
MERCURY < 0.0005
FECAL
COL1FORH/100 ml COLIFORM/100
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
12 14
< 1 ^ 1
< i <: i
NITRATE (45)* 0,3
pH 6.9
SELENIUM (0.01)**^0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0-°°3
SULFATE (250)* < 1.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 47.0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 1.0
ZINC (5.0)* 0.37
S.P.C./ml
ml 35° C - 48 hr.
890
220
5,100
73
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Water Is hauled from the
NAME OF AREA - O'Neil pUHj> San Luis O'Neil Pressure System
NAME OF SUPPLY - Campground STORAGE - Small Steel Tank
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/15/72
TREATMENT -
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good at time o£ survey
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA - Red Bluff
NAME OF SUPPLY Campground
PATE OF SURVEY 11/11/71
TREATMENT - None
SOURCE Well
PUMP Jet pump
STORAGE - Pressure tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 1 sample collected in past year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Good
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
No chlorine residual found in system
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS
1. Due to the many possible avenues of contamination, the chlorine
residual should be kept up and checked daily.
2. Care should be taken in the transport of the water. The source of
the water must be safe.
3. A bacteriological surveillance program should be instituted in
accordance with the DWS.
COMMENTS
1. Should collect samples for bacteriological examination at the rate
specified in the DWS.
2. Should install chlorination equipment and maintain a chlorine residual
throughout the system.
3. The well and distribution system were properly constructed and well maintained.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* •£ 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0.05
BORON (1.0)* <0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 17-7
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0-00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <5
COPPER (1.0)* 0-010
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* °-011
LEAD (0.05)** °-°°
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-026
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-°°
MERCURY ^0.0005
NITRATE (45)* 1.2
pH 7.S
SELENIUM (0.01)**<0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.006
SULFATE (250)* 56.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 270.0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.55
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*<0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0 05
BORON (1.0)* 0.218
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* <5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* 8
COPPER (1.0)* 0.008
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.0
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.080
LEAD (0.05)** °-00
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.013
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-004
MERCURY 0-0022
NICKEL °-003
NITRATE (45)* 0.2
pH 6.9
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.002
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 3.7
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 94-5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 4.7
ZINC (5.0)* o.093
•RECOSaEHOEU LIUIT ••HAHOATORY LIUlT NICKEL O.C
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
COL 1 FORM/1 00 ml
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1 1
DISTRIBUTION in
ALL VALUES A3E NILLI6RJ
FECAL
COL I FORM/ 100 ml
< 1
US PER LITER UNLESS OTHERWISE NO]
S.P.C./ml
35" C - 48 hr.
600
£„ •RECOSHEHOEO LIUII ••B»H{UTO»Y IIU17 HltNtL
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
COLIFORM/100 ml
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION il\ *• 1
DISTRIBUTION f/2 < l
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
•* 1
•C 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
640
780
-------
SOURCE -
PUMP - No pump at source
STORAGE - Pressure tank
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA San Luis
NAME OF SUPPLY - Pressure System
BATE OF SURVEY 11/15/71
TREATMENT - Coagulation, floculation, setting, filtration, chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - 32 samples/year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Springs
NAME OF AREA S1V Park Dam PUMP PoweT
NAME OF SUPPLY Campground #1 STORAGE 4'°°° Sal
PATE OF SURVEY 11/12/71
TREATMENT None at time of survey; chlorination in the summer
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 6 per year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High standard plate count
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
OPERATION, CONTROL 6 SANITARY DEFECTS
No chlorine residual found
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Zinc
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
The springs were inadequately protected; records were inadequate.
COMMENTS
The system is in good condition
A chlorine residual of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm should be maintained at all
times in the distribution system.
COMMENTS
1. This system should be chlorinated at all times.
2. The bacteriological sampling rate should be increased to twice a month.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** ^ 0.05
BORON (1.0)*<0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 17.8
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)*<5
• EtECOlmHOEO UUIT *'UfcmiHTO«Y UlIU
COPPER (1.0)* 0.009
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.011
LEAD (0.05)** 0.017
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.013
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.006
MERCURY^ 0.0005
NICKEL 0.00
NITRATE (45)* 1.4
pH 7.7
SELENIUM (0.01)***0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.006
SULFATE (250)* 45.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 240.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* °-59
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION ff\
DISTRIBUTION itZ
ZINC (5.0)* 0.016
MA VM.IHI m • luiciuus n« uua umm OTHEHJUSE HDUO.
COLIFORM/100 ml
100
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
S.P.C./rol
35° C - 48 hr.
1,800
36
90
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA cniiDrF ...
alrtlt SOURCE Jenkinson Reservoir
NAME OF AREA Sly Park Dam PUMP Power
NAME OF SUPPLY Diamond Springs Main STORAGE Unknown but large
DATE OF SURVEY 11/12/71
TREATMENT Coagulation, sedimentation, and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 34 samples per year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Review of annual results indicate that coliform
limits were exceeded on two months (3/71 and 4/71).
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED N°ne
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS Chlorine residual was not maintained to all
points in the distribution system.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
SOURCE Jenkinson Reservoir
pUHj» Power
STORAGE Unknown but large
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA Sly Park Dam
NAME OF SUPPLY E1 Dorado Main
DATE OF SURVEY 11/11/71
TREATMENT Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 37 samples/year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY H18h standard plate count; review of annual records
shows that coliform limits were exceeded for one month (10/70)
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED
OPERATION, CONTROL t SANITARY DEFECTS
all points in the distribution system.
None
None
Chlorine residual was not maintained at
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be instituted to assure maintenance of chlorine residual
of 0.1 - 0.2 ppm to all points in the distribution system (with regular checking).
2. Estimated populations of the service area (8,000) would call for bacteriological
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA COPPER (1 0)*
ARSENIC (0.01)* < Q.003
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** ^
BORON (1.0)* <
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)* <
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•PECOHSEHOED LIHIT ••HAH0ATO
CYANIDE (0.01)*
0.05 (0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
0-1 2. it)**
0 Q0 IRON (0.3)*
5 Q LEAD (0.05)**
0.00 H.B.A.S. (0.5)*
Q 00 MANGANESE (0.05)*
*
8 MERCURY
„, 11U1I NICKEL
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
0.015
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.030
0.00
0.0006
0.00
FECAL
COL1FORH/100 ml COLIFORM/100
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #\
DISTRIBUTION ifi
2,000
< 1
<1
1,800
*. 1
<1
NITRATE (45)* 0.4
pH 6.9
SELENIUM (0.01)** £.0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 1.5
TOTAL DISSOLVED 70.6
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 3-6
ZINC (5.0)* °-020
S.P.C./ml
ml 35° C - 48 hr.
22,000
19
24
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be instituted to assure maintenance of chlorine
residuals of 0.1 - 0.2 ppm to all parts of the distribution system (with regular
checking).
2. Estimated population of the service area (8,000) excluding town of Placerville
would call for a bacteriological sampling frequency of 9 per month (108/yr);
this would require an increase in rate.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
< 0.05
< 0.1
0.00
< 5.0
0.00
0.00
8
•RECOJHEHDED iisii "sAmiAToin inn
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.037
0.000
—
0.00
0.013
0.020
Om H
. uj.o
Onnfi
. UUD
0. 00
NITRATE (45)* 0.9
pH 8.7
SELENIUM (O.Ol)**^ 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* ^1-°
TOTAL DISSOLVED 74'5
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*1'6
ZINC (5.0)* 0.12
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ff2
COLIFORM/100 ml
< 1
< 1
1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
<: i
< i
< i
S.P.C./ml
35"C - 48 hr.
120
2,900
1
76
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE American River, Jenkinson Reservoir
NAME OF AREA Sly Park Dam PUMP Power
NAME OF SUPPLY PQE El Dorado Canal STORAGE Unknown but large
PATE OF SURVEY 11/11/71
TREATMENT Coagulation, Sedimentation, and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 23 samples per year.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY H18n standard plate count; review of annual results
indicates that coliform limits were exceeded for two months (10/70 and 7/71).
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DUS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS Chlorine residual was not maintained to all
points in the system.
REPORT OH INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU.OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Jenkinson Reservoir
NAME OF AREA Sly Park Dam PUM? Power
NAME OF SUPPLY Saxby Residence-Campground STORAGE 5,000 gal
BATE OF SURVEY 11/11/71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 5 samples per year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Coliform. fecal coliform, and high standard plate count.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED N°ne
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED None
OPERATION, CONTROL t SANITARY DEFECTS Use of a surface water with no chlorination
or other treatment.
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be instituted to assure maintenance of chlorine residuals
of 0..1 - 0.2 pptn to all parts of the distribution system (with regular checking).
2. Estimated population of the service area (4,000) would call for bacteriological
sampling frequency of 4 per month (48/yr); this would require an increase in rate.
COMMENTS
1. This water supply should be chlorinated to a residual of 0.1 - 0.2 ppm
in the distribution system.
2, The rate of bacteriological sampling should be increased to twice per month.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* ^0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5-0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
<. 0.05
< 0.1
0.00
•£ 5.0
0.00
0.00
<' 5
• PECO'JSEHOED LIHIT ••HAWATORY LIMIT
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.013
0.000
"
0.016
0.00
0.013
0. 00
•t 0.0005
0.00
ALL VALUES ME
NITRATE (45)*
pH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
VILLieRAUS flu LITER UHUSS
0.3
7.1
<. 0.001
0.00
^ 1.0
51.0
)* 0-5
0.008
OTH£«JISe NOTED.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #\
DISTRIBUTION #2
COL I FORM/100 ml
62
< 1
•£ 1
FECAL
COL I FORM/100 ml
60
<£ 1
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
1,500
50
1,600
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
•*. 0.05
^ 0.1
0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* •*• 5.0
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)* 8
•P.ECOyUEHOEO LIMIT *«BAW)ATOR» LIIHT
0.00
0.00
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
0.020
0.000
0.016
0.00
0.013
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-046
MERCURY °-0007
NICKEL
0.006
NITRATE (45)* ^ o.l
pH 6.8
SELENIUM (0.01)** < 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* < 1.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED 50.0
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 1-2
ZINC (5.0)* °-008
OTHEMISE vorfp.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION in
COLIFORH/100 ml
1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
1
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35" C - 48 hr.
2,372
370
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA
NAME OF AREA Stony Gorge
NAME OF SUPPLY Campground
DATE OF SURVEY 11/10/71
TREATMENT None
SOURCE Well
PUMP Jet pump
STORAGE Ground level storage tank
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Random sampling by County Health Dept. (1 in past year)
does not meet sampling frequency rate of DWS
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - High standard plate count.
At the time of survey, 1 sample contained coliform organising. Bacteriological
records showed 4 of 6 samples in the past 3 years containing coliform organisms.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED "one
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total dissolved solids.
OPERATION, CONTROL ft SANITARY DEFECTS
1. No sanitary well seal
2. Water shortages occur in the dry season.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE - Well
NAME OF AREA - Woollomes PUMP - Jet pump
NAME OF SUPPLY - Recreation Area STORAGE - Ground level storage and
DATE OF SURVEY - 11/16/71 pressure tank.
TREATMENT - None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE - None
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY - Good at time of survey
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED - None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED - Nitrate
OPERATION, CONTROL £• SANITARY DEFECTS
COMMENTS 1. The frequency of bacteriological sampling should be increased to meet
the DWS during the entire time the system is operational.
2. Should seek an extra source of supply to compensate for water shortages.
COMMENTS
A bacteriological surveillance program should be practiced in
accordance with the DWS.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* <0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** <0.05
BORON (1.0)* 0.580
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 15.5
CHROMIUM (.05)** ° °°
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <5
D (.HIT »'»AHCATOM LHII
COPPER (1.0)* 0.010
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.0
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.026
LEAD (0.05)** °-00
H.B.A.S. (0.5)* ° 01°
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.040
< MERCURY 0.0005
NICKEL 0.014
NITRATE (45)* 0.3
pH 7.6
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.004
SILVER (0.05)** °-°°
SULFATE (250)* 188.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 558,0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.55
ZINC (5.0)* 0.085
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)*-e 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** •* 0.05
BORON (1.0)* ^0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* U-5
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* <5
us. mail «i »in isms rit tna UHUSI onanrsc mute. •EECQgiimEc LHII "»»no»Tom null
COPPER (1.0)* 0.023
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.011
LEAD (0.05)** 0-017
H.B.A.S. (0.5)* 0.050
MANGANESE (0.05)* 0.00
MERCURY< 0.0005
NICKEL 0.00
NITRATE (45)* *8.8
pH 7.9
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.002
SILVER (0.05)** °-°°3
SULFATE (250)* 36.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 308.0
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.17
ZINC (5.0)* 0.18
tu. mats /at iiiuma; tu unti roiim CHEMISE noun.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION //2
COLIFORH/IOO ml
< 1
5
FECAL
COLI FORM/1 00 ml
< 1
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
16,000
25,000
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ff2
COLI FORM/1 00 ml
<: i
4. 1
FECAL
COLIFORH/IOO ml
^ 1
*. 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
130
570
78
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE NEVADA SOURCE Lake Mead
NAME OF AREA Boulder City PUMP Power
NAME OF SUPPLY Boulder City STORAGE 4.0 MG
DATE OF SURVEY 11/16/71
TREATMENT Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 76 finished and 75 raw water samples in a year.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY No positive samples for either raw or finished
over the period of a year; and none in this field test.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED "one
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate
OPERATION, CONTROL S. SANITARY DEFECTS
Treatment records were adequate. However, no chlorine residual was
found in the distribution system.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDV
STATE ARIZONA SOURCE Lake Mohave
NAME OF AREA Davis Dam PUMP Power
NAME OF SUPPLYD3"18 Dam STORAGE 265,000 gals.
DATE OF SURVEY u/1?/?!
TREATMENT Chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 20 samples per year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY Annual results show DWS to have been exceeded in
October 1970. High standard plate count in inspection sampling.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS chlorine residual was not maintained in
the distribution system.
COMMENTS
1. It is puzzling that no positive coliform results have ever been found in the
raw water samples. It is recommended that check samples be run by the State or
local health department and/or review of bacteriological techniques be conducted.
2. Improvements should be made to obtain a 0.1 - 0.2 ppm residual at all parts of
the distribution system and confirmed by regular measurements.
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be made to maintain chlorine residual of 0.1 - 0.2 ppm
at all points in the distribution system; this should be regularly measured.
2. The bacteriological sampling rate should be increased to two per month.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* ^0 005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** ^ 0.05
BORON (1.0)* ^01
(5-0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 41.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0.00
COBALT 0.00
COLOR (15 s.u.)* *5
'uctsmana unit ••MHOMOCT LIIIU
COPPER (1.0)* 0.12 NITRATE (45)* 3.
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.000 pH 7.
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to — SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.024 SILVER (0.05)** 0.
LEAD (0.05)** °-°° SULFATE (250)* 322.
H B A.S. (0.5)* 0.026 TOTAL DISSOLVED 802.
SOLIDS (500)*
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-00
^n nnns TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.
MERCURY ^0.0005
0.017 ZINC (5-0)* °"
NICKEL ,Ll VU.OH «E iiuisuai ni tu» men OIHOI
1
7
005
006
6
0
37
005
ISE KOItO.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION tl
DISTRIBUTION 12
DISTRIBUTION #3
COLIFORM/100 ml
*. 1
-£ 1
•e. 1
•*. 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
•£. 1
S.P.C./ml
35°C - 48 hr.
3
11
25
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* o.OOS
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** ^.o.OS
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
0.1
0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 35.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** 0-°°
COBALT 0.007
COLOR (15 s.u.)* ^ 5
•pEtoasiHOEo unit ••mi»»TO»Y uuli
COPPER (1.0)* 0.005
CYANIDE (0.01)* 0.00
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to —
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)* 0.059
LEAD (0.05)** 0.018
M.B.A.S. (0.5)* °-020
MANGANESE (0.05)* °-006
MERCURY •* °-0005
NICKEL
NITRATE (45)* 1.1
pH 7.6
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.006
SILVER (0.05)** 0.006
SULFATE (250)* 335.0
ToTAL DISSOLVED 818.0
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* 0.7
0 017
'»ii tmti
•iiiiMiat m tutu must umimst Holm.
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
COLIFORM/100 ml
1
< 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORH/IOO ml
•*• 1
*. 1
*. 1
S.P.C./nl
35°C - 48 hr.
4,300
33
9,500
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE NEVADA
NAME OF AREA Hoover Dam
NAME OF SUPPLYHoover Dam
DATE OF SURVEY 11/16/71
TREATMENT Chlorination
SOURCE Lake Mead
PUMP Power
STORAGE 40,000 gals.
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 20 samples/year; analysis by Boulder City
treatment laboratory.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY No positive collform results in a year or in
the inspection sampling.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate
OPERATION, CONTROL S- SANITARY DEFECTS 1. Chlorine residual was not maintained
in the distribution system. 2. Records were inadequate.
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Imperial Dam PUMP Power
NAME OF SUPPLY Camp System STORAGE 30,000 gals.
DATE OF SURVEY 11/18/71
TREATMENT None
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Once per year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY No contamination noted in samples taken.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED
None
Sulfate, Total Dissolved Solids
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS
Well appears to be adequately protected;
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be made to maintain a chlorine residual of 0.1 - 0.2 ppm
at all points in the distribution system; this should be regularly measured.
2. Samples should be increased to two per month. The bacteriological analytical
procedure should be reviewed and double checked by the State or local health
laboratory as mentioned in the Boulder City summary sheet.
COMMENTS
1. Levels of TDS and sulfate appear to indicate that the well water come
principally from the Colorado River.
2. Bacteriological sampling should be increased to twice per month.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* -£0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
< 0.05
< 0.1
0.003
41.0
0.00
0.007
^5
•RECOMEHOED IISII ••I1H01TDIIV IIU1T
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY "^
NICKEL
0.013
0.000
—
0.060
0.018
0.026
0.006
0.0005
0 017
. . lit VM.UU ME
NITRATE (45)*
PH
SELENIUM (0.01)**
SILVER (0.05)**
SULFATE (250)*
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.
ZINC (5.0)*
3.0
7.6
0.006
0.006
322.6
775.6
)*°.4
0.061
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ffi
COLIFORM/100 ml
10
•£ 1
-£ 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
<£ 1
•e. l
< l
S.P.C./ml
35" C - 48 hr.
420
25
40
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* < o.OOS
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)**
BORON (1.0)*
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)**
CHLORIDE (250)*
CHROMIUM (.05)**
COBALT
COLOR (15 s.u.)*
•BECOS3EHOED nail "BAB
0.09
0.131
0.002
92.0
0.00
0.012
"*5
OATORY IIU1T
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY *
NICKEL
0.019
0.000
—
0.048
0.018
0.013
Onnfi
. uuo
0 . 0005
0 021
NITRATE (45)* 1.3
PH 7.7
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.004
SILVER (0.05)** 0.003
SULFATE (250)* 430.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS (500)* 1128.5
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)*°-26
ZINC (5.0)* °.°07
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #\
DISTRIBUTION #2
COL I FORM/100 ml
•< 1
< 1
FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml
•£. 1
< 1
S.P.C./ml
35° C - 48 hr.
9
73
-------
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Well
NAME OF AREA Imperial Dam Pmp Power
NAME OF SUPPLY Imperial Dam STORAGE 50»000 sals.
PATE OF SURVEY11/18/71
TREATMENT ' Chlorinatlon
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE One sample per year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY High standard plate count, conforms and fecal collform
REPORT ON INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION STUDY
STATE CALIFORNIA SOURCE Lake Havasu
NAME OF AREA Parker Dam PUMP Power
NAME OF SUPPLY Parker Dam STORAGE 500,000 gals.
PATE OF SURVEY 11/17/71
TREATMENT Add coagulants, filtration and chlorination
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE 3 samples per year
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY No contamination shown
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate,
Zinc, Turbidity
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS 1- Chlorine residual was not maintaine
in the distribution system. 2. Inadequate records.
CHEMICAL QUALITY
DWS MANDATORY LIMITS EXCEEDED None
DWS RECOMMENDED LIMITS EXCEEDED Total Dissolved Solids, Sulfate
OPERATION, CONTROL & SANITARY DEFECTS No chlorine residual found near treatment
point or in the distribution system; records were negligible or not available.
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be made to maintain chlorine residual of 0,1 - 0.2 ppm
at all points in the distribution system; this should be regularly measured.
2. The rate of bacteriological sampling should be increased to twice per month.
COMMENTS
1. Improvements should be made to maintain a chlorine residual of 0.1 - 0.2 ppm
at all points in the distribution system; this should be regularly measured.
2. The rate of bacteriological sampling should be increased to twice per month.
3. Regular records should be kept for chlorination, chlorine residual
measurements, bacterial
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* ^ 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** 0.10
BORON (1.0)* 0.128
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.006
CHLORIDE (250)* 56.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** °-°°
COBALT °-010
COLOR (15 s.u.)* 8
results, etc.
COPPER (1 .0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY
NICKEL
0.040
0.000
0.52
0.095
0.028
0.78
0.0005
BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS FECAL
COLIFORM/100 ml COLIFORM/100
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION #2
*1
< 1
2
^ 1
"^ 1
NITRATE (45)* 1.4
pM 7.5
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.001
SILVER (0.05)** 0.006
^JLFATF MqoW- 425.0
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* lil
ZINC (5.0)* -^1
S.P.C./ml
ml 35" C - 48 hr.
230
26,000
3. Regular r
measurements,
bacterial results, etc.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
ARSENIC (0.01)* ^ 0.005
(0.05)**
BARIUM (1.0)** -C 0.05
BORON (1.0)* •*. 0.1
(5.0)**
CADMIUM (0.01)** 0.00
CHLORIDE (250)* 54.0
CHROMIUM (.05)** °-°°
COBALT °-°°
COLOR (15 s.u.)* •* 5
BACTERIOLOGICAL
RAW WATER
DISTRIBUTION #1
DISTRIBUTION ifi
COPPER (1.0)*
CYANIDE (0.01)*
(0.2)**
FLUORIDE (1.4 to
2.4)**
IRON (0.3)*
LEAD (0.05)**
M.B.A.S. (0.5)*
MANGANESE (0.05)*
MERCURY ^
NICKEL
operation
0.019
0.000
0.025
0.00
0.028
0.00
0.0005
, chlorine residual
NITRATE (45)* 1.5
pH 7.8
SELENIUM (0.01)** 0.004
SILVER (0.05)** 0.00
SULFATE (250)* 350.0
TOTAL DISSOLVED 811.5
SOLIDS (500)*
TURBIDITY (5 s.u.)* o 73
0.015 Z'NC (5-0)* »•"
RESULTS FECAL
COL 1 FORM/ 100 ml COLIFORM/100
*
•*•
<
1
1
1
•^ 1
-£ 1
^ j
S.P.C./ml
ml 35° C - 48 hr.
2,200
340
77
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