vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 80-WFB-7
October 1980
Air
Nonfossil Fueled Boilers
Emission Test Report
St. Regis Paper
Company
Jacksonville, Florida
-------
Environmental Consultants
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EMISSION MEASUREMENT BRANCH
MAIL DROP 13
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK,NORTH CAROLINA 27711
FINAL REPORT
EMISSION TEST PROGRAM: BARK FIRED BOILER
CONDUCTED AT
ST. REGIS PAPER COMPANY
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
CONTRACT NUMBER 68-02-2819
TASK ASSIGNMENT 27
EPA PROJECT NUMBER 80-IBR-7
YRC PROJECT NUMBER 01-9517-24
AUGUST 20, 1980
York Research Corporation
One Research Drive, Stamford Connecticut. DR^nR TP'P-IVr = r-PP^i oo"=,."?7" .-n^v- -?Ğ-.<->* .nc<~--r
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Figures j_
List of Tables ^i
1.0 INTRODUCTION ħ
2.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS 3
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Particulate Results
2.3 Gas Composition Results
2.4 Fuel Sample Results
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 10
4.0 TESTING LOCATION 12
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 14
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sampling Apparatus
5.3 Preliminary Measurements
5.4 Particulate
5.5 Gas Composition
5.6 Fuel Samples
6.0 APPENDICES 26
6.1 Complete Computer Data Printouts
6.1.1 Particulate Data
6.1.2 Vertical Velocity Traverse Data
6.2 Calculation Formulae
6.3 Field Data Sheets
6.4 Calibration Data
6.5 Laboratory Data
6.6 Process Data
6.7 Project Participants
6.8 Work Assignments
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2-1 Representation of Cyclonic Flow Velocity Measurement 5
5-1 Scrubber Outlet Point Locations 11
5-2 Scrubber Outlet Sampling Location . 12
6-1 Modified Particulate Sampling Train 17
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Paqe
2-1 Summary of Emission Test Results - Scrubber Outlet . 7
(English Units)
2-2 Summary of Emission Test Results - Scrubber Outlet 8
(Metric Units)
2-3 Summary of Gas Composition Results 9
2-4 Summary of Bark Analyses . 9
4^1 No. 2 Bark Boi.ler and Scrubber Operating 13
Conditions
-------
PREFACE
The work reported herein was conducted during the week of June
23, '1980 by personnel from York Research Corporation (YRC),Radian
Corporation and the United States Environmental. Protection Agency(USEPA)
The scope of the work, issued under EPA Contract Number 68-02-
2819, Work Assignment Number 27, was under the supervision of
YRC Project Director, Mr. James W. Davison. Mr. Roger A. Kniskern,
YRC Project Manager, was responsible for summarizing the test
and analytical data contained in this report. Analyses of the
samples were performed at the YRC laboratory in Stamford, Connecti-
cut under the direction of Mr. Robert Q. Bradley.
Mr. Keith W. Barnett of Radian Corporation and Mr. Kenneth Woodard
of EPA was responsible for monitoring the Process operations during
the testing program. Personnel from Radian Corporation will provide
the Process Description and Operations section of this report.
Personnel from the St. Regis Paper Company, Jacksonville, Florida
whose assistance and guidance contributed greatly to the success
of the test program, included Mr. Charles Houriet, Environmental
Engineer.
Mr. Kenneth Woodard of the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Emission Measurement Branch, USEPA, served as Tech-
nical Manager and was responsible for coordinating the emission
test program.
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Section III of the Clean Air Act of 1970 charges the Adminis-
trator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) with the responsibility of establishing federal stan-
dards of performance for new stationary sources which may
significantly contribute to air pollution. When promulgated,
these standards of performance for new stationary sources
(NSPS) will reflect the degree of emission limitation achiev-
able through application of the best demonstrated emission
control technology. To assemble this background information, the
USEPA utilizes emission data obtained from controlled sources
involved in the particular industry under consideration.
Based on the above criteria, the USEPA"s Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) selected the St. Regis Paper
Company in Jacksonville, Florida as a site to conduct an emission
test program. York Research Corporation (YRC), under EPA Contract
Number 68-02-2819, Work Assignment Number 27, was requested by
the USEPA to conduct the emission test program at St. Regis Paper
Company. The test program was designed to provide a portion of
the emission data base required for establishing the NSPS for
nonfossil fueled boilers. This plant is considered to employ
process and emission control technology representative of
nonfossil fueled boiler facilities.
There are two bark fired.boilers that produce process steam
for the operations at the St. Regis Paper plant. Boiler #2 was
tested for particulate emissions. Emissions from the boiler
are controlled by eight cyclones followed by a venturi scrubber.
Emission sampling was conducted during the week of June 23, 1980
at the outlet of the scrubber.
-------
Tests performed at the outlet location provided data on velocity,
moisture, gas composition and particulate emission rates. A
total of three particulate tests were conducted during the test
program while the boiler was operating under normal conditions.
Samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with the pre-
scribed EPA methods. One bark sample was taken before each test
run.
The following sections of this report include:
Summary and Discussion of Test Results
Process Description and Operation
Location of Sampling Points
Sampling and Analytical Procedures
-------
2.0 SUMMARY. AND DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS
2.1 Introduction
The results of the emission test program conducted at the
St. Regis Paper Company in Jacksonville, Florida during the week
of June 23, 1980 are presented throughout this section.
Samples were collected at the scrubber outlet. A preliminary
pitot traverse, moisture measurement and a cyclonic flow check
were conducted. The parameters necessary to maintain proper
isokinetic sampling were determined based on these preliminary
tests. All samples were sealed in clean containers and trans-
ported to the YRC laboratory in Stamford, Connecticut for
analyses.
2.2 Particulate Results
The results of the particulate emission tests conducted at the
two locations are summarized in Tables 2-1 through 2-2 (refer
to Appendix 6.3 for field data sheets). A cyclonic flow check
(see Section 5.3) determined the stack flow to be cyclonic.
From the cyclonic flow data the angle at which the maximum flow
existed was calculated. These angles were averaged in groupings
for use during each particulate test. The angle measurements were
use5 to determine the vertical component of the stack, gas flow
rate (Figure 2-1).
.The stack velocity is proportional to the square root of the
velocity pressure (Equation 1).
-------
V = KV(Ap~) (1)
Where: V = Stack velocity
K = constant
Ap = Velocity pressure
From Figure 2-1 it can be seen that
Vy = Vcos 6 (2)
Where: Vy = Vertical companent of velocity
V Ğ= Stack velocity
6 = Sampling angle
Substituting equation 1 into equation 2 yields
Vy = K(VAp) cos 0 (3)
or
Vy2 = K2 (Ap) cos2 8 (4)
or
Vy =\j K2 (Ap) cos2 6 (5)
Employing the same relationship as in equation 1, the vertical
component of the velocity is directly proportional to the vertical
component of the velocity pressure (equation 6).
Vy = K(J~App (6)
Using equations 5 and 6 it can be determined that the vertical
component of Ap can be calculated from the following relationship
Apy = (Ap) cos2 0 (7)
The above relationship was used in calculating the vertical flow
rates shown in Tables 2-1 and 2-2.
-------
i
1
1
y/
1
<
Vy,
S
)° REFERENCE
w
'"\,~ V
Ği>if
5^
Vx
PITOT TUBE
,^^^
STACK
\A/M 1 r
VVMLLJ -*~
i
|
^
I
Figure 2-1
Representation of Cyclonic Flow Velocity Measurement
-------
2 . 3 Gas, Composition Results
The results of the gas composition analyses are shown in Table
2-3. Orsat analyses were performed on the flue gases at the
outlet location. The field data sheets for these analyses
appear in Appendix 6.3.
2.4 Fuel Sample Results
Bark samples were taken.off the conveyor belt which fed into
bins for boilers.one and two. Samples were obtained by a member
of the YRC test team prior to each of the three test runs. The
results of the analyses appear on Table 2-4. Testing was dis-
continued after test three because of a change in the quality
of the bark. A fourth sample was taken at this time for comparison
purposes.
-------
TABLE 2-1
SUMMARY OF EMISSION TEST RESULTS
SCRUBBER OUTLET - .
ST. REGIS PAPER COMPANY
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
(ENGLISH UNITS)
LOCATION
DATE
Volume of Gas Sampled (DSCF)
Percent Moisture by Volume
Average Stack Temperature, F
Stack Volumetric Flow. Rate (DSCFM)
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate (DSCFM) °
Percent Isokinetic
Total Particulate
F factor (Ibs/BTU)
mg
gr/DSCF
gr/DSCF @ 12% CO
Ib/hr
lbs/106 BTUd
Run 1
Outlet
June 25, 1980
56.78
19.2
140.3
109512
61340
103.1
7947.7
119.12
0.03231
0.04671
16.98
0.08244
Run 2
Outlet
June 26, 1980
59.33
.18.5
139.9
120652
68421
100.5
6685.9
88.94
0.023309
0.03338
13.54
0.05121
Run 3
Outlet
June 26, 1980
53.85
21.8
146.8
118891
67612
105.9
7839.7
72.54
0.02075
0.03112
12.02
0.05457
Average
19.8
142.3
116351
65791
103.2
93.53
0.02538
0.03707
14.18
0.06274
Dry Standard Cubic Feet.measured at 68 F, 29.92 in. Hg.
Dry Standard Cubic Feet per minute measured at 68 F, 29.92 in. Hg, Cyclonic
c o
Dry Standard Cubic Feet per minute measured at 68 F, 29.92 in. Hg, Vertical
Based on F Factor
-------
Table 2-2
SUMMARY OF EMISSION TEST RESULTS
SCRUBBER OUTLET
ST. REGIS PAPER COMPANY
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
(METRIC UNITS)
LOCATION
DATE
Volume of Gas Sampled (DNm )
Percent Moisture by Volume
Average Stack Temperature ( C)
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate
(DNm3/min)b
Stack Volumetric Flow Rate
(DNm3/min)c
Percent Isokinetic
Total Particulate
mg
mg/DNm
mg/DNm @ 12% CO
Kg/hr
ng/ Joule
Run 1
Outlet
June 25, 1980
1.61
19.2
60.2
3101
1737
103.1
119.12
73.93
106.89
13.76
35.45
Run 2
Outlet
June 26, 1980
1.68
18.5
59.9
3417
1938
- 100.5
88.94
52.83
76.38
10.83
22.02
Run 3
Outlet
June 26, 1980
1.52
21.8
63.8
3367
1915
105.9
72.54
47.48
71.21
9.59
23.47
Average
19.8
61.3
3295
1863
103.2
93.53
58.08
84.83
16.39
26.98
a Dry Normalized Cubic Meters, measured at 20 C , 760 mm Hg
Dry Normalized Cubic Meters per minute, measured at 20 C, 760 mm Hg Cyclonic
C O
Dry Normalized Cubic Meters per minute, measured at 20 C, 760 mm Hg Vertical
Based on F Factor
-------
TABLE 2-3
SUMMARY OF GAS COMPOSITION RESULTS
.ST. REGIS PAPER COMPANY
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
Gas Composition
(Dry Percent Basis)
Location
Scrubber Outlet
Date
June
June
June
25,
26,
26,
1980
1980
1980
Test No
1
2
3
%C09 02
8
8
8
.3
.3
.0
11
11
11
.9
.9
.6
%CO
0.0
0.0
0.0
%N2*
79
79
80
.8
.8
.4
Calculated by 100 minus the combined percent of CO and 0 and CO.
TABLE 2-4
SUMMARY OF BARK ANALYSES (.DRY BASIS)
ST. REGIS PAPER COMPANY
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
Test No..
1
2
3
BTU/lb
8420.2
9592.1
8520.2
0
. 0
0
.110
.276
.131
PERCENTAGES
£ *L ' H . Ash £*
43.14 5.86 . <;0.1 6.49 44.51
42.96 5.67 <;0.1 " 2.69 48.68
43.42 6.02 . <0.1 3.55 47.01
* %0 = 100 - (%C+H+N+S+ Ash)
-------
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The St. Regis Paper Company located in Jacksonville, Florida
operates two identical nonfossil fired boilers (boiler numbers
1 and 2) to provide process steam; boiler #2 was tested. Each
boiler is a Combustion Engineering type VU-50B, pneumatic
spreader-stoker with a moving grate. It is designed for and
normally is 100% bark-fired, but No. 6 or Bunker C oil is used
for supplementary fuel through 4 oil burners. Oil usage is for
emergency standby, when there is a breakdown in the bark
conveyor system, and during startup. Oil normally supplies
4-10% of the steam per boiler; however, no oil was burned during
the emission test program. There is also fly ash reinjection
from the cyclone catch.
Boiler #2 was installed in 1957. Design load and normal operation
is 135,000 Ib/hr steam at 750°F and 625 psig leaving the
superheater. The exhaust gas volume is 136,000 acfm (wet) at
550°F.
Each boiler is supplied by its own storage bin with variable-
speed screw conveyors controlling the bark feed rate, which is
normally about 39,000 Ib/hr. Both bins are fed from a common
conveyor belt equipped with a weightometer. The conveyor may be
switched to fill either, bin. The wood fuel is approximately
90% pine bark, 10% hardwood bark, and contains about 45% moisture.
Typical heating values are 4,000 Btu/lb wet and 8,000 Btu/lb dry.
The combustion gases are drawn from boiler #2 through eight
cyclones (Buell, 51-inch diameter) by an I.D. fan. With the aid
of a booster fan, the gases are sent to a Ducon WO, size 80-S/162
venturi scrubber unit, all stainless steel construction, then
to a 96-inch diameter fiberglass stack. Installed in 1975,
the unit is a typical venturi scrubber, with a venturi throat
(8.5 ft max) followed by a cyclone separator (13.5 ft diameter,
37.3 ft high). The scrubber was designed for 136,000 acfm (wet)
at a pressure drop of 20 inches of water and a water flow rate
10
-------
of 900 gpm. Scrubber effluent goes to a primary clarifier, then
to the secondary treatment plant, and is discharged to the river.
Settled sludge is used as landfill.
11
-------
4.0 PROCESS OPERATING CONDITIONS
The bark boiler and scrubber operating conditions are presented
in Table 4.1.
12
-------
TABLE 4.1
NO. 2 BARK BOILER AND SCRUBBER OPERATING CONDITIONS,
ST. REGIS PAPER, JACKSONVILLE MILL, JUNE 25-26, 1980a
Test Number
Date
Time Interval
Steam Flow Rate (103 .lb/hr)
Steam Temperature (°F)
Steam Pressure (psig)
Scrubber Water Rate (gpm)
Scrubber Pressure Drop
(inches H.O)
1
6/25
1101-1747
125
795
630
810
25
2
6/26
0906-1123
142
810
625
810
25.5
3
6/26
1400-1554
138
795
625
810
27.
5
All process variables are averages of values obtained during
sampling intervals.
Taken at superheater outlet.
13
-------
5.0 TESTING LOCATION
Particulate sampling was conducted at the outlet location from
the venturi scrubber on boiler #2.
The locations of the test ports and sampling points (Figure 5-1)
were determined in accordance with EPA Method 1* (Sample and
Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources)..
The scrubber stack measured 96 in. in diameter at the outlet
location. The ports were 4 in. in diameter and 90 apart.
The nearest downstream distrubance was the stack exit 9.33 ft.
(1.17 duct diameters) from the ports. The nearest upstream
disturbance was a reducer following the cyclone separator
40.67 ft. (5.08 duct diameters) from the ports. Figure 4-2
illustrates the top and side views of the scrubber outlet
sampling location.
*
All test methods cited in this report are contained in
40 CFR 60, August 18, 1977.
14
-------
Port A
Port
B
Traverse Point
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 .
16
17
18
Distance from Stack Wall (.in)
1.34
4.22
7.20
10.46
14.02
18.05
22.66
28.42
36.67
59.33
67.58
73.34
77.95
81.98
85.54
88.80
91.78
94.66
Scrubber Outlet Point Locations
St. Regis Paper Company
Jacksonville, Florida
Figure 4-1
15
-------
SIDE VIEW
SAMPLING
PLATFORM
4" PORTS v
f 4'-5"
1 '*
S
* 8' ğ-
^
9'-4"
T 1
T
10' SECTI
j_
TOP VIEW.
İ ELECTRICAL
OUTLET
40'-8'
13'-6"-
CYCLONE
SEPARATOR
STAIRS TO ROOF
STAIRS
SAMPLING
PLATFORM
*2 STACK
Scrubber Outlet Sampling Location
St. Regis Paper Company
Jacksonville, Florida
Figure 4-2
16
-------
6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
6.1 Introduction
This section describes the sampling and analytical procedures
used by YRC at the St. Regis Paper Company in Jacksonville,
Florida during June 1980.
6.2 Sampling Apparatus
Nozzle
The nozzles of appropriate diameter, were calibrated according
to procedures outlined in EPA Method 5. The button-hook nozzles
were made of 316 stainless steel.
Probe
The liner for the sample probe was made of 316 stainless steel.
A heating system, capable of maintaining a gas temperature of
320 + 25°F at the exit end, was built into the probe. A thermo-
couple, used to monitor gas temperatures, was attached to the
probe. A precalibrated Type S pitot tube was attached to the
probe to allow constant monitoring of the stack gas velocity.
The pitot tube was constructed in accordance with EPA Method 2.
A Universal Protractor was attached to the probe in order to
measure the angle of the pitot to be in relation to the gas flow.
Filter Holder
A tared fiberglass filter was encased in a borosilicate glass
filter holder. A glass frit supported the filter. A silicone
rubber gasket was used to provide a positive seal against
leakage from around the filter. The filter holder was contained
in a heated box capable of maintaining a temperature of 320 + 25 F
A thermocouple attached to a pyrometer was used to monitor the
temperature inside the sample box.
17
-------
Impinger Train
The train consisted of a series of four impingers connected
with leak-free ground glass fittings. The first, third and
fourth impingers were of the Greenburg-Smith design, modified
by replacing the tip with 1.3 cm ID glass tube. The tube
extends to approximately 1.3 cm from the bottom of the flask.
The second impinger was of the Greenburg-Smith design with the
standard tip. The impinger train was contained in an ice bath
to cool the sample gas stream. A dial type thermometer, capable
of measuring temperatures to within 2°F was placed at the
outlet of the fourth impinger for monitoring purposes.
Metering System
A R.A.C. Train Stacksamplr was used .for the metering system.
The system consists of the following:
Calibrated orifice
Vertical, inclined, dual manometer
Dry gas meter (capable of measuring volume within 2
percent)
Vacuum gauge
Leak-free pump
Thermometers (capable of measuring temperatures
within 5.4°F)
Electrical controls for sampling
The orifice and dry gas meter were calibrated in accordance
with APTD-05762.
Research Appliance Company, Gibsonia, PA.
Rom, J.J., Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of Iso-
kinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Publ. No. APTD-0576, Office
of Air Programs,EPA,Research Triangle Park, NC 1972.
18
-------
6.3 Preliminary Measurements
Gas Velocity and Temperature
Gas velocity and temperature were measured at the sampling
location in accordance with guidelines outlined in EPA Method 2
(Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate).
The velocity pressure was measured on an inclined, dual mano-
meter and the temperature was measured on a.pyrometer. Measure-
ments were recorded at each traverse point.
Cyclonic Flow
In addition to EPA Method 2 a cyclonic flow check was performed.
A universal protractor was attached to the probe so that when
the pitot tube openings were parallel to the stack walls, the
protractor registered an angle of zero. The pitot tube was
connected to an inclined, dual manometer. At each traverse
point the probe was positioned so that the protractor indicated
an angle of zero. The probe was then rotated and the angle at
which the manometer registered zero velocity was recorded from
the protractor. This procedure was carried out at each of the
thirty-two points. ?
Moisture Determination
The moisture content of the stack gas at the test location was
determined in accordance with guidelines outlined in EPA
Method 4 (Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases).
A sample of the stack gas was extracted at one traverse point
for forty minutes. The dry gas meter readings, orifice
pressure differential (in. H-O) and meter temperatures were
recorded every ten minutes. The calculations for moisture
content can be found in the Appendix> 6.. 3.
19
-------
6.4 Particulate
The particulate emissions from the boiler were determined
in accordance with guidelines outlined in EPA Method 5
(Determination of Particulate Emissions from Stationary
Sources).
Sampling
The sampling train at the test location consisted of the
nozzle, probe, filter holder, impinger train and metering
system. The sampling apparatus was set up as shown in Figure 5-1.
All connections were leak-free.
The nozzle size was determined using data obtained from the
preliminary measurements. A nozzle of either .252 inch diameter
or .191 inch diameter was determined to be appropriate. The
larger nozzle diameter was chosen in order to sample a maximum
number of cubic feet. This nozzle had to be replaced, during
the test program, by the smaller diameter nozzle because it was
not possible to remain at isokinetic conditions. When the
nozzles were changed they were rinsed with acetone and this
portion of the sample was saved and added to the front-half
wash sample. A leak check was performed each time the nozzles
were changed.
The first and second impingers were each initially filled with
100 ml of distilled water. The third impinger was left empty.
The fourth impinger was filled with 300 g of pre-weighed
indicating type silica gel.
For sampling purposes the points were broken down into two
areas for each port, points one through nine and points ten
through eighteen. The angles which were measured during the
20
-------
MODIFIED PARTICIPATE SAMPLING TRAIN
STACK WALL
PITOT TUBE
NOZZL
THERMOCOUPLE
INCLINED
MANOMETER
CAP)
VACUUM GAUGE
THERMOMETER
BY-PASS
:VALVE
THERMOMETERS
ORtFICE
COARSE
CONTROL
VALVE
PYROMETER
ICE BATH
INCLINED
MANOMETER
(AH)
Figure §-
ES-093
-------
cyclonic-flow traverse were averaged for each area and this
average angle was used for sampling. The protractor was not
moved from its position during the traverse, instead 90° was
added to each angle to position the nozzle into the flow.
The following are the angles which were used during the sampling:
Points A1-A9 - 50° angle on the right-hand scale.
Points A10-A18 - 22° angle on the left-hand scale.
Points B1-B9 - 53 angle on the right-hand scale.
Points B10-B18 - 22° angle on the left-hand scale
Each point was sampled for three minutes resulting in a total
test time of ninety-six minutes. During each test, the following
data were recorded at each traverse point:
Point designation
Clock time (24-hour clock)
Dry gas meter reading (V , ft )
Velocity pressure (Ap , in. H-O)
O fc
Desired pressure drop across orifice (AH, in. H_0)
Actual pressure drop across orifice (AH, in. H_0)
Stack temperature (T , °F)
5.
Dry gas meter temperature at inlet and outlet (T , F)
Vacuum gauge reading (in. Hg)
Sample box temperature ( F)
Dry gas temperature of exit of last impinger ( F)
The relationship of the Ap reading with the AH reading is a
function of the following variables:
Orifice calibration factor
Gas meter temperature
Moisture content of flue gas
Ratio of flue gas pressure to barometric pressure
Stack temperature
Sampling nozzle diameter
22
-------
A nomograph was used to correlate all of the above variables
such that a direct relationship between Ap and AH could be
determined by the test technician and isokinetic conditions
could be maintained. Initial and final leak checks were performed
on each sampling train prior to and upon completion of each
test to confirm the presence of a leak-free system. Leakage
rates did not exceed 0.02 cfm per EPA standards. All measure-
ments were recorded on the data sheets.
Sample Recovery
Upon completion of each test, the sampling trains were dis-
assembled to permit sample recovery. The samples were recovered
in the following manner:
Container #1 - The filter was removed from the filter holder
and placed in its original container which was
sealed with adhesive tape.
Container #2 - The nozzle, probe and front half of the filter
holder were rinsed with acetone three times.
The wash was stored in a glass sample jar with
a teflon-lined lid. The jar was sealed with
adhesive tape and the liquid level was marked.
Container #3 - The silica gel was returned to its original
container.
Container #4 - A sample of the acetone reagent was placed in
a glass sample jar with a teflon-lined lid
which was sealed with adhesive tape.
Each sample container was labeled with the date, test location,
test number and contents. The volume of water in the first
three impingers was measured and recorded on the data sheets
and the water was discarded.
23
-------
Sample Analysis
Each sample was analyzed in the following manner:
Container #1 - The filter was removed from its sealed con-
tainer and placed on a tared watch glass.
The filter and watch glass were dessicated
over anhydrous CaSO. for 24 hours and weighed
to a constant weight. The weight was recorded
to the nearest 0.01 mg.
Container #2 - The acetone washings were transferred to a
tared beaker. The acetone was evaporated at
ambient temperature and pressure. The beaker
was dessicated for 24 hours and weighed to a
constant weight. The weight was recorded to
the nearest 0.01 mg.
Container #3 - The silica gel was weighed on a beam balance
and the weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 gram,
Container #4 - The acetone blank was transferred to a tared
beaker. The acetone was evaporated at ambient
temperature and pressure. The beaker was
dessicated for 24 hours and weighed to a constant
weight. The weight was recorded to the nearest
0.01 mg. This weight was subtracted from the
final weight of the contents of container #2 to
obtain the net weight of particulate in the front
half wash.
6.5 Gas Composition
The gas composition was determined in accordance with EPA
Method 3 (Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Excess Air
and Dry Molecular Weight).
Multi-point integrated gas samples were collected in an evacuated
Tedlar bag with a stainless steel sample line and vacuum pump.
The gas was analyzed for CO-, 02 and CO immediately after
collection (Appendix 6.3).
24
-------
6.6 Fuel Samples (Bark)
Sampling
Individual bark samples were collected by a member of the
YRC test team before each of the three particulate test runs.
The fourth sample was taken after the third test run. The
samples were placed in glass sample jars with teflon-lined caps.
Each jar was labeled with the date, test location, test number,
contents and sample number.
Analysis
Representative samples of the bark which were obtained just
prior to each test run were analyzed at YRC laboratory in
Stamford, Connecticut in accordance with guidelines outlined
in the following ASTM established procedures. (Appendix 6.5)
Ultimate Analysis of Bark
Carbon and Hydrogen - D3178
Sulfur - D3177
Nitrogen - D3179
Ash - D3174
Oxygen - Percent oxygen is obtained by subtracting from 100
the sum of the other components of the ultimate analysis.
Proximate Analysis of Bark
Moisture - D3173
Ash - D3174
Volatile Matter - D3175
Fixed Carbon - The fixed carbon is a calculated value. It
is the resultant of the summation of percentage.
2
1978 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 26, American Society
of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1978,
pp. 380-427.
25
-------
REVIEW FORM
Prepared by;
Laurie Behr
Project Scientist
Reviewed by:
Roger &.. Kniskern
Manager
Emission Measurement Dept
Approved by:
Peter L. Cashman
Executive Vice President
Emission Measurement Dept.
------- |