United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 79-CKO-23
November 1979
Air
-&EPA Coke Oven Emissions
Visible Observations of
Coke Oven Door Leaks
-------
VISIBLE OBSERVATIONS OF COKE OVEN
DOOR LEAKS
Prepared for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by
Clayton Environmental Consultants," Inc,
25711 Southfield Road
Southfield, Michigan 48075
EMB REPORT NO. 79-CKO-23
Work Assignment 19
Contract No. 68-02-2817
December 1979
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
*
Page
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Discussion of Results 2
3.0 Process Description and Operation 8
4.0 Observation Locations 9
5.0 Observation Procedures 11
APPENDICES
A. Project Participants
B. Field Data Sheets
C. Draft Method 109 (Addendum to Method
109)
D. Method 9
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2.1 Summary of fugitive emissions 3
observations
6
2.2 Summary of visible emissions
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
4.1 Plan view of battery orientations 9
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) re-
tained Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. to conduct
visible emission observations of coke oven battery doors
at four (4) coke oven plants. The batteries observed are
as follows: Bethlehem Steel, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,
Battery A (September 11, 1979); Koppers Steel, Erie,
Pennsylvania, Batteries A and B (September 12, 1979);
Great Lakes Steel, Division of National Steel Corporation,
Detroit, Michigan, Battery 5, (September 18, 1979); and,
Kaiser Steel, Fontana, California, Batteries F and G
(September 20, 1979). EPA Draft Method 109 (and the
Addendum to Method 109) was incorporated by all observers,
as well as Method 9. Both methods are presented in
Appendices C and D, respectively.
The results of this study will be used in research
and development efforts for a state-of-the-art fugitive
emission evaluation of coke oven door leaks. This study
was commissioned as Project No. 79-CKO-23, Contract
No. 68-02-2817, Work Assignment 19.
-------
2.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Table 2.1. presents a summary of the fugitive
emissions observations obtained during these studies.
The leaking coke oven door emission rates (expressed
as a percent of the total doors) are presented for the
entire battery and both the coke side and push side
doors for each run for each observer. Also included
in this table are the observed total number of leaking
doors and other types of leaks. In both these data
summaries, the number of observed leaks were combined
over the number of runs conducted at each site for
each observer.
The emission rate was calculated as follows.
For each run, the total number of leaking oven doors
and leaking chuck doors were summed individually for
both the push side and coke side. These sums were then
divided by the total number of ovens on the battery and
then multiplied by 100 to determine the percentage of
leaking doors. To obtain the total emission rate for
the entire battery, first, the number of leaking doors
from all the runs for both the push side and the coke
side were summed. Next, the total number of push side
and coke side observation runs were multiplied by the
number of ovens in the battery. Then the total number of
leaking doors were divided by this product. At Kaiser
Steel, four ovens (257, 307, 327, and 341) were undergoing
- 2 -
-------
TABLE 2.1. SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS OBSERVATIONS
Plant
Loca tion
Bethlehem
Steel
(Battery A)
80 ovens
Observer
1
2
3
Average
Koppers Steel
(Batteries
A & B)
58 ovens
1
2
3
Average
Great Lakes
Steel
(Battery 5)
85 ovens
1
3
4
Average
(Battery F)
44 ovens
1
3
4
Kaiser
Steel Average
(Battery G)
42 ovens
1
3
4
Average
Total
No. of
Leaking
142
161
130
144
101
101
71
91
274
211
237
241
65
51
52
56
54
43
41
46
Total
Emission
Rate For
Entire
Battery
3C
34
27
30
15
15
10
13
54
41
46
47
12
10
10
11
11
8.5
8.1
9.2
Coke Oven Door Emission Rate, Percent of Total Doors
Run Number
1
PS
31
40
34
35
16
19
8.6
15
39
25
27
30
20
23
20
21
9.5
4.8
2.4
5.6
CS
27
29
21
26
14
21
3.4
13
61
38
34
44
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
7.1
4.8
2.4
4.8
2
PS
33
36
29
33
14
21
12
16
55
52
62
56
16
20
18
18
26
24
24
25
CS
30
38
29
32
6.9
6.9
1.7
5.2
64
44
46
51
9.1
4.5
4.5
6.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
3
PS
34
32
28
31
19
21
17
19
65
58
62
62
18
23
24
22
29
21
19
23
CS
22
26
22
23
5.2
5.2
6.9
5.8
39
33
47
40
14
6.8
9.1
10
12
4.8
4.8
7.2
4
PS
CS
:
—
17
19
19
18
14
12
16
14
—
—
16
14
14
15
21
24
29
25
11
4.5
9.1
8.2
2.4
0
2.4
1.6
5
PS CS
—
—
—
—
16 29
5.2 22
8.6 16
9.9 22
—
—
—
—
9.1 9.1
2.3 2.3
2.3 2.3
4.6 4.6
10 0
7.1 0
4.8 0
7.3 0
6
PS CS
—
—
—
—
12 12
12 10
5.2 8.6
9.7 10
—
—
— —
—
6.8 9.1
4.5 2.3
4.5 2.3
5.3 4.6
7.1 0
4.8 2.4
4.8 0
5.6 0.8
AVG
PS
33
36
30
33
16
16
12
15
53
45
50
49
14
14
14
14
17
14
14
15
CS
26
31
24
27
14
13
8.8
12
55
38
42
45
10
4.9
6. 1
7. 0
4.4
2.8
2.4
3.2
Other Types
of Leaks 3
?S CS
J-ll, J-13,
B-l, L-l B-2, L-l
J-l J-3
J-5, L-9 J-17, B-l
— —
J-2 j-2
— —
- J-4, B-l
— —
B-l B-10
J-l, B-3 J-24, B-12
— —
— —
— —
— B-l
J-l —
— —
- —
— -
— —
— —
The observers are as follows: (1) G. Santorilla; (2) B. Bird, (3) D. Lazarevic; (4) M. Coffman.
These numbers are the combined number of leaking doors from all the runs conducted at each plant, per observer.
3 Other types of leaks are designated as follows- J=Jamb leak; B-Buckstay leak; L=Lintel area. The number following
the letter is the combined number of leaks from all the runs conducted at each plant, per observer.
-------
maintenance and were not included in the calculation
of the emission rate, as described. Therefore, total
oven numbers of 44 for Battery F and 42 for Battery
G were used in determining the emission rate.
The average variation about the mean observation
between observers (based on total runs completed) are
as follows:
TABLE 2.1A
Plant
Bethlehem Steel
Koppers Steel
Great Lakes Steel
Kaiser Steel
Battery F
Battery G
Variation about the mean observa-
tion between observers, percent
Pushside
33+3
15+3
49+4
14 + 0
15+2
Coke
27 ±
12 +
45 +
7.0 +
3.2 +
side
4
4
10
3
1
As can be noted, the average variation between
observers for all five coke oven batteries (pushside
and cokeside) is about + 4-percent of the mean at each
plant. Therefore, due to the close agreement in observa-
tions between observers at any one plant, it is indicated
that those data are representative of the conditions
encountered at any one battery. This average does not
- 4 -
-------
include the + 10-percent cokeside variation, since
*
this number was expected to be very high considering
the difficulties encountered in observing the cokeside
of Battery 5 at Great Lakes Steel.
The overall range of observations, irrespective
of observers, for all runs conducted at any one
battery are:
TABLE 2.IB
Plant
Range in
rate for
coke oven door
all observers ,
Pushside
Bethlehem Steel 28 -
Koppers Steel 5.2 -
Great Lakes Steel 25 -
Kaiser Steel
Battery F 2.3 -
Battery G 2.4 -
40
21
65
23
29
Cokes
21 -
1.7 -
33 -
2.3 -
0 -
emi s sion
percent
ide
38
29
61
14
12
Opacities
Table 2.2. presents a summary of the visible emissions,
Opacity observations were totaled for each run and
assigned to the appropriate percent opacity range. Due
to the difficulties encountered in reading opacities
(see Section 5.0), the number of opacity readings in com-
parison to the total number of leaking doors were very
- 5 -
-------
TABLE 2.2. SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Plant
Location
Be thlehem
Steel
(Battery A)
Run
Number
1
2
3
Average
Koppers Steel
(Batteries
A & By
I
2
3
4
5
6
Average
Great Lakes
Steel
(Battery 5)
1
2
3
Average
Kaiser
Steel
(Battery F)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
Kaiser
Steel
(Battery G)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
Observer 1
Opacity, percent
0-10
8
17
12
12
3
2
3
4
1
-
3
1
1
4
-
1
1
-
2
4
3
4
4
.
1
3
15-25 | 30-45|>45
13 3 -
13 2
41-
10 2 -
-
1 - -
1
4 - -
1 - -
2 - -
2 4 1
10 1 3
122
422
2
1
1 - -
2
.
11-
21-
1 - -
1 - -
1 - -
1 - -
1 - -
1
Observer 2
Opacity, percent
0-10 |!5-25 |30-45 |>45
-
-
.
-
-
.
-
Old not observe
at this plant
Did not observe
at this plant
Did not observe
at this plant
Observer 3
Opacity,
0-10|15-25
45 12
38 7
38 3
40 7
7
8
12 2
19 1
16 2
9 1
12 2
9 8
33 17
24 17
22 14
8 5
8 2
6
2
1
-
5 4
2 2
10 2
1 1
-
2
4 2
percent
30-45 | >45
4 1
6 1
1 1
4 1
-
1
-
-
1
5 10
14 16
5 7
8 11
-
1
~ -
-
1
1 1
-
-
.
-
1
1
Observer 4
Opacity, percent
0-10 115-25 130-45 l>45
Did not observe
at this plant
Did not observe
at this plant
123
228
1 3
2 2 5
1
-
.
1 - -
1
11-
1
1 - -
1
-
-
11-
Commen t s 1
Sun In «yes creating some diffi-
culty m reading opacities, tun
backlighting emlss ions , very fine
dust particles everywhere, oren
smoking so badly, can't deteraine
52§rsof leak besidea ovet> «• chuck
read opacities.
Area very haiy
Vieving obstructed by sheet piling
maintenance bldg .conveyer belt
(coke side) .difficult reading opa-
cities, very hazy, oven 47-57 read
at angle due to obstructions,
sun in eves.
*
Sun in eyes, difficult to
read opacities, very hazy.
Observers are as follows (1) G Santortlla (2) B. Bird (3) D. Lazarevie (4) M. Coffman
Comments represent those of all three observers from all runs conducted.
-------
small. However, it can be seen that approximately
75-percent of all opacity readings fall within
the 0 to 25-percent range. Those readings greater
than 45 usually occurred either immediately or
within one-half hour after the oven was charged.
- 7 -
-------
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
To be supplied and completed by E.P.A.
- 8 -
-------
4.0 OBSERVATION LOCATIONS
Figure 4.1 presents a plan view of the coke oven
batteries observed. Battery orientation is presented,
along with the designation of coke side and push side,
and oven door numbers.
For safety reasons, observations were made from
outside the pusher machine and quench car tracks, thus
placing the observers 25 to 50 feet away from the battery.
All observations, except for those at two plants, were
made from ground level. The entire coke side of Battery
A at Bethlehem Steel was viewed from a catwalk, approxi-
mately 30 feet above ground level and 20 feet above the
quench car. Half of the coke side of Battery 5 at Great
Lakes Steel was viewed from a catwalk located approximately
10 feet above ground level.
- 9 -
-------
cs
88
N
Battery A
88
Bethlehem Steel, PA
80 ovens
PS
N
1 23
Battery A
1 23
24 58
Battery B
24 58
CS
Koppers Steel, PA
58 ovens
PS
N
94
Battery 5
94
CS
Great Lakes Steel, MI
85 ovens
PS
N
349 301
Battery G
349 301
299 251
Battery F
299 251
CS
Kaiser Steel, CA
86 ovens
PS
Figure 4.1. Plan view of battery orientations
- 10 -
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5.0. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES
Visible emission observations were performed in
«
accordance with EPA Draft Method 109 (and Addendum to
Method 109),Determination of Visible Emissions from
Coke Oven Batteries, Part C; and EPA Method 9, Visual
Determination of the Opacity of Emissions from Stationary
Sources.
Draft Method 109 requires one observer, but three
observers were used for the purpose of this study.
According to the Addendum to Draft Method 109, all three
observers made simultaneous traverses of each battery
side. Two of the observers started their traverse
simultaneously from opposite ends of the battery on either
the coke side or the push side. The third observer started
the traverse from either end not less than 1-minute nor
more than 2-minutes after the first two observers began
traversing. Upon completing a traverse of either the coke
or push side, the observers moved to the opposite side of
the battery to inspect the remaining doors and complete the
run. Therefore, a run consisted of a traverse of both the
coke side and push side of a battery. A minimum of three
runs were conducted for each battery at each location.
Jamb, buckstay, and lintel leaks were documented by
the observers, in addition to oven door and chuck door
leaks. However, when certain sun and wind conditions ex-
isted, and when oven doors were observed at an angle, as
at Great Lakes Steel, distinguishing between these various
- 11 -
-------
types of leaks was impossible. Even when conditions
%
were favorable, distinguishing between a jamb leak and
a buckstay leak or between a jamb leak and an oven door
leak, at 50 feet, was very difficult.
Several problems were encountered during this study
which made observations of the coke oven battery doors
extremely difficult. Obstructions, such as push cars,
door cars, quench cars, and other equipment located on
the battery, resulted in frequent delays. Some interrup-
tions were caused by plant personnel taking breaks. The
workers would leave the equipment in front of the oven
doors, making observations in those areas impossible.
Some breaks were greater than 20 minutes.
Draft EPA Method 109 requires that a single observation
run of a battery be completed within 45 minutes. In all
cases, except at Koppers Steel, this time requirement
was met. At Koppers Steel, the quench car (when operating)
obstructed the view of approximately 25 of 58 oven doors.
Therefore, when several ovens in close proximity were being
pushed, viewing x^as difficult. As a result, runs 4, 5, and
6 were 73, 47, and 56 minutes in duration, respectively.
Viewing of oven doors was interrrupted several times
at Bethlehem Steel. Observations were made along a catwalk,
located approximately 30 feet above ground level and 20 feet
above the quench car. Upon return from the quench tower,
the steaming coke is dumped into a bin and eventually taken
- 12 -
-------
by conveyor to awaiting railroad cars. The entire
catwalk and the observer would be engulfed in steam
during this dumping procedure.
The sun created several problems. When shining
in the observers' eyes, it made opacity readings and
door leak inspections difficult to execute. Fine
dust particles, which were always present in the
battery area, created a haze when backlighted by the
sun. Shadowed coke oven doors were difficult to
view due to the lack of light, which was dependent
upon the sun's orientation.
The wind also created some problems. Dust,
which had settled in the battery area, along with
smoke from smoking oven doors, would be carried
sometimes across the entire battery, obscuring vision
of the remaining oven doors. Winds during the study
ranged from 0 to 15 miles per hour (mph). Those
winds ranging upwards from 5 mph created the most
problems.
Another problem was encountered during the study
at Great Lakes Steel. Oven doors 44 through 94 were
obstructed by a conveyor belt and a building. Observers
had to view the oven doors under the conveyor belt and
in-between its structural supports (outside the quench
car tracks). Approximately one-half of these oven doors
- 13 -
-------
were observed at an angle ranging from 0° to 45°.
Therefore, determining which doors were leaking
and the type of leak was very difficult, if not
impossible at times. This was especially true when
oven doors were leaking heavily, filling the entire
area with smoke.
At the request of Lee Beck, the EPA Lead Engineer,
the two batteries (A and B) at Koppers Steel were observed
as one, since only one push car/quench car unit serviced
both batteries. Batteries G and F at Kaiser Steel were
treated as separate batteries since each battery was
serviced by an individual push car/quench car unit.
Also, at Kaiser Steel, ovens 257, 307, 327, and 341
were undergoing maintenance work. Therefore, these
ovens were not included in the data reduction.
Oven door inspections at Kaiser Steel were conducted
as follows: a traverse of the coke side included ob-
serving the oven doors of Battery F and then repositioning
to observe those of Battery G. All three observers then
moved to the push side and followed this same procedure.
Opacity Readings
The opacity of the emissions from the oven doors were
recorded by certified visible emission readers as requested
in the Addendum to Draft Method 109. Upon noting an oven door
or chuck door leak, the observer looked at the lintel area
above the door to determine the opacity of the emission.
- 14 -
-------
The problems encountered due to the position of the
sun made determining opacities of emissions from oven door
leaks impossible at most times. Many times the leaks were
so small that the smoke never reached the lintel area.
This area, especially when the observer was facing into
the sun, was impossible to read.
- 15 -
-------
APPENDIX A
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
-------
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc.
George M. Santorilla
Bruce G. Bird
Michael A. Coffman
Dusanka Lazarevic
Research Triangle Institute
William Klotz
Environmental Design
Specialis t
Source Testing
Specialis t
Industrial Hygiene
Technician
Environmental Data
Special is t
(Project Leader)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Lee Beck
Daniel G. Bivins
-------
APPENDIX B
FIELD DATA SHEETS
-------
i -4-
&•,
:
•"** • * ^«i •
•/-**ivt /
A
Tout
number of:
Oven
doors
Chuck
doors'
K&Mtia sun position, wind speed and direction, and location of traverse:
Run numliar :,
' •- - S'
' S
\o- v
cs'
?s
Oven
number
3
7
l;
20
Visible emissions
Oven
door
Chuck
door
•y
X
Y
X
X
• X
r\-<^
r-
Comments
Zo
/o
-------
Lc;s;ion!:
Sitter/ number:,
inspector:
Run number:
ii.T>i travcrsa
* l imj
j s.ifieu/
' coraplated
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visible emissions
Oven '
.Door '
Chuck
Door
J«i
Comments
X
X
tt
57
X
X
L-
/
74
X
X
TTTh
5"
QlJ
o
-------
9,nyj•
Inspector:
littery number: H
Ti>~i< traverse
Stor;eu'/
(PS/CS)
'
-VO-1
tJ •"
Oven
number
11
•11
4:1
41
Visible emissions
Oven '
JDoor '
X
Y
X'
X
X
Chuck
Door
£* T*
1
2-5
£0
\o\
Commsrus
f Do or-
S' 2-
£
-------
Location',:
Bitter/ number:,
inspector: <
Data ,:.
P.ur> number:
traverse
I started/
• completed
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visiuia c.Tiissioiis
Oven '
.Door '
Chuck
Door
Comments
\n?/* Of* floor-
Y-
Ui
nns' (*
9)
K
X
II
X
"1?
"
X
link
-------
number:,
I Tisn* tss
competed
(PS/CS)
Da
te .. 9/7
P,ur. nurr.btr:
Oven
number
2.
^\
3]
4U
Visiuia Ginissioiis
Oven '
.Door '
X
X
X
Chuck
Door
X
Xi
y
y
X
X
j
i m^*^*
p^rf~
s~
Comments
0
U
lo
•5"
2-f
ID-
OL
3o
10
&
-------
number:.
Inspector:,
Data *:
Bur, nurr.ber:
(?S/CS)
Oven
number
Visibia emissions
Oven '
.Door '
Chuck
Door
J
Comments
-I
74
X
K
o > ""• y y f)-p^r
TJD
X'
oor
l-o
-4
y
H
k
Y
-------
Istter/number:.
>»»•«»'=
P.ur. nutr.baf: N. "" 7
Lo*>
-------
4A
o—I-fof—\.
ctor: ^
•
mber: f
... .
Inspec
~
Bur, number:
"" 2> '
complatid
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visible emissions
Oven
I)oor
Chuck
Door
Comments
'2L
X
n
]i
-------
number:,
Bur. nacriber:
| ii.-.ia trav;rs3
started/
completed
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Vtsibt'a emissions
Oven '
JDoor "
Chuck
Door
J
Comments
Y
/r
1-4
'/ii
^
II
X
7
A
1
y
XT
X
x-
JJa
X
X
K
i
K
-
V
K
' 10
-------
»Cortij>BiV/i' • *.-
»;ury nunioer:,
Data ':
Tfl ~-'
Ruri number: |[t_>
' n.Tij traverss
) started/
i
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visible emissions
Oven '
.Door '
Chuck
Door
Comments
^1
5
I
r
X
-------
ocstioul:
Data
:;;er/ number: ,
P.ur, nurr.bw: f\ J 3
-------
Baiter/ numoen,
P.ur, narr.Ler:
started/
completed
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visibia emissions
Oven '
JDoor '
Chuck
Door
J
Comments
r
-------
§«.,.,, lL,4-LMfcfc. ^e-f - . inS3Mto,: . M**>S>
i.3,,vp,83.(s).: A.,, !"') number of: rinor<;
^idiiata san position, v.
Sky conditlo
?.ur> num'jar
| com*:*
• -r?s/cs)
i
i
1
i
: &»# to- -to
S-k^.6^,
i
r
e,.,
,.^, '
%
.
1 V
' t
.-'•• * . I""
it.* ' 2sLk. v> .
ind spaed and direction, and location of traversal
(-? JJ C '
1; MctVTl-t >o^,, • , , ..
: :£" '
Oven
number
^
•^
£2 '
•7-7
7d '
^
&
^
-------
Con.psny; ' H >£ rL *e~L
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number
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14
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Data :
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number
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Comments
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Data ;
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number
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24
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11
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y
5
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number
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71
5
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Commer'ls
II
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33
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number:,
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number
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H
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X'
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ih
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Oven
number
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Chuck
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Comments
-------
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number
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Chuck
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4
Comments
ar
X
X
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-------
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number
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Chuck
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05
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-------
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number
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inspector:
Data
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6fA5
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Comments
A(.
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X
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Y
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Data:
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, / • / /
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number
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Oven
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Chuck
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Comments
X"
17-
X
x
X
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-------
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Data:
"*. • •., ~it
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Total
number of:
/
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doors
^i'.iita sari position, wind spaed and direction, and location of traverse:
Sky condition:, •
Run
s\ .
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Chuck
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ts'
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number
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Y-'
Y
X-
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number of:
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5^
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number
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door
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31
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number:,
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7».7i i travcrsa
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number
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5
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number:,
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number
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34
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5
10
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number
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J
Comments
57
0
^
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34
II
X
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ter/ number:.
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completed
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
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Chuck
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J
Comments
OOA-
4?
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50
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completed
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visible emissions
Oven '
.Door '
Chuck
Door
J
Comments
H
v'
a
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5
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41-
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loft
£
j'V £
-------
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Location:
5 fe
Company Rep.(s);l
Sattory
numbar.
Total
oumbar of:
Chuck Of—*
doors'—2_J
indicate sun position, wind spaed and direction, and location of traverse:
Sky condition:, - -
Run numbar :.
Tim a tra versa
slarud/
completed
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
2."?
Visible emissions
Oven
door
X
X
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door
Comments
OF
1!
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number:.
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Run number:
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number
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Oven '
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j
Comments
11 1
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for
714
-------
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complied
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number
£,3
s
20
Visible emissions
Oven '
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J
Comments
Of.
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-------
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alUr number:
, ^Inspector:
Date
Run number
Tim* traverse
flatHu/
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visible emissions
Oven
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Chuck
Door
J
Comments
.
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:
-------
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i
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Date j.
i
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Run number:
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started/
competed
(PS/CS)
Oven
number
Visible emissions
Oven
JDoqr '
Chuck
Door
J
Comments
\VTj
A
X
-------
o«;ur/ number:,
7i»ii traverse
(PS/CS)
: /?
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number
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Oven
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iiX
X
MX
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J
Comments
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: 14
tf./-. •
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number
C, r.; '
740
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Oven
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X
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J
'ID
Comments
-------
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Ti.T.i t.-qvefje
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number
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ra
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J
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-------
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number
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Oven '
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-
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24
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X
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X
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X
X
J
Comments
-------
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number
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X
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: V,
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number
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started/
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number
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number
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'33
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30
Comments
-------
APPENDIX C
DRAFT METHOD 109 AND ADDENDUM TO METHOD 109
-------
METHOD 109 - DETERMINATION OF VISISLE
EMISSIONS FROM COKE OVEN BATTERIES, PART C
11/1/78
File 9-3-15.5
Part C of this method establishes the procedures for determining
emissions from coke oven doors. During the coking cycle leaks in the
seal between the oven door and oven frame (door jarnb), as well as leaks
in the seal between the chuck door and chuck door frame, can cause emis-
sions to occur. Due to varying pressures within the coke oven a leak
from any one oven door can intermittently occur, stopping and starting
at any time during the full coking cycle. Each oven door and each chuck
door on the battery is a potential emission source. Due to the large
number and variability of potential leaks, it would be nearly impossible
to identify the occurrence and duration of all door leaks on a battery
at any given time; this method is not intended to do so. Instead, this
method involves a successive inspection of all the oven doors and chuck
doors on a single battery. To perform the inspection, the observer
chooses to first inspect either the nushsice or cokeside of the battery.
The observer then takes a position on the ground at one end of the chosen
side of the batcery. The observer then walks along the ground to the
other end of che coke battery looking at all the oven and chuck doors
and noting the doors which have visible emissions. The observer com-
pletes the inspection by observing the doors on the other (coke or push)
side of the battery. During the inspection the number of the ovens with
leaking doors are recorded; an emission rate, percent doors leaking, is
calculated based on the number of potential sources.
-------
PART C - DETERMINATION OF VIS! i.c
EMISSIONS FROM COKE OVEN DOORS
1. Principle and Applicability
1.1 Principle.
The visible err.lssions emitted from coke oven doors (including
chuck doors) are determined visually by an observer who is familiar with
coke oven battery operations.
1.2 Applicability.
Part C of this method is applicable for the determination of
the emissions from leaking coke oven doors and chuck doors from by-pro-
ducu coke oven batteries. The appropriate number of runs as specified
in the applicable subpart-is required for determining compliance.
2. Definitions
2.1 Oven. A chamber used for the destructive distillation of coal
to jDroduce coke.
2.2 Coice oven battery. A facility for the production of coke con-
taining one or more ovens with an integral heating system.
2.3 Pushside. The side of a battery from which the coke is pushed
v;nen emptying an oven.
2.4 Cokeside. The side of a battery on which the quench car for
receiving the coke during pushing is located.
2.5 Oven door. The removable structures utilized for sealing the
ends (cokeside and pushside) of each oven on a slot type by-product
battery.
2.6 Chuck door (leveler bar door). The small dnor on the push
side which 'is opened during the oven charging period in order to permit
-------
the leveler bar to enter the oven,and .lev?!, the rn?1. The chuck door
is usually an integral part of the push side door; however, in some
cases, the chuck door night be a separate door located above the oven
door.
2.7 Door jamb. The metal casino hui.K into the oven that forms
the housing to which the oven door is fitted and attach^- the* door
jamb face forms the surface tn which the door is sealed.
2.8 Buckstay. The metal structure located around and oetw^en the
ovens which fnr.iK the suooort of the coke oven battery.
2.9 Oven door leak - a leak which is emitted from the sealing
area between the door jafiib and coke oven door.
2.10 Chuck door leak - a leak which is emitted from the sealing
area between the chuck door and chuck door frame.
2.11 Jamb leak. A leak which is emitted from a crack between the
door jamb and brickwork.
2.12 Buckstay leak - a leak which is emitted from a crack between
the buckstays and oven brickwork.
2.13 Lintel area - the area of the coke oven between the top edge
of the oven door and the top edge of the battery.
2.1.4 Bactery traverse. The act conducted by the inspector con-
sisting of walking the length of the battery from one pinion wall to
the other pinion wall.
3. Procedure
3.1 Observations
-------
3.1.1 General. The observer "inspects" the coke oven battery by con-
ducting a traverse around the battery." The observer conducts a battery '
traverse from a location on the ground as close to the battery as safety
and visibility conditions permit; this is generally outside of the pusher
machine and quench car tracks. During a run (inspection) the observer
first chooses either the coke side or push side of the battery and then
begins a traverse by walking on the ground at a steady pace from one end
to the other end of the battery. The observer should travel along the
side of the battery at a normal v/alking pace, pausing only to make ap-
propriate entries on the door inspection sheet (Figure 109-4). The
traverse should take approximately 4 minutes (per side) to complete (70
oven battery). An average traverse rate of 6 seconds per oven on each
side of the battery is the maximum time permitted, excluding the time
during v/hich an observer may v/ait for the hot car, pusher machine, or
door machine to rr.ove from a position blocking the view, of a series of
doors. Once the traverse is completed on the coke or push side of the
battery the observer moves around to the other side of the battery to
inspect the remaining doors and complete the traverse. The entire door
inspection (one run) of a batterv is to be completed within a oeriod of
forty-five minutes.
3.1.2 Procedure. Tne observer records the time and then starts a tra-
verse along one side of the battery. During the traverse, the observer
looks around the entire perimeter of each oven door and chuck door in
order to identify all leaks. Upon noting an oven door leak or chuck
door leak, the observer pauses and records the information (oven num-
ber, location of leak) on the door inspection sheet (Figure 109-4).
-------
If a piece of equipment obstructs the observer's view during the
traverse, the observer has three options:
1. The observer may wait for the equipment to move before
completing the traverse.
2. The observer may complete the traverse and then, once
the equipment has moved, return to inspect the ovens
on a particular side of a battery either immediately
after completing the traverse on that side, or after
completing the entire traverse around both sides of
the battery.
3. The observer may simply exclude from the inspection
the ovens blocked from view by the coke Qven equipment.
(If this option is chosen, the total number of sources
on the battery is still used to determine the percent
leaks).
Wnen the traverse of one battery side is completed, record the time.
The observer then either inspects the series of doors previously blocked
from view by machinery or the observer moves to the other side of the
battery. The observer records the time the traverse on the second side
of the battery is started and then conducts the traverse. The time
the traverse of the second side is finished is recorded and then the
observer conducts any required inspection of doors previously blocked
from view by machinery in order to complete the run.
The following are not recorded as door emissions:
3.1.2.1 Emissions from buckstay leaks.
3.1.2.2 Emissions from jamb leaks.
-------
3.1.2.3 Steam vapor.
3.1.2.4 Emissions from ovens with the doors removed.
3.1.2.5 Emissions from oven doors or, which maintenance work is
being conducted.
3.1.3 Visual interference. Occasionally, the observer's vision
will be obscured by fugitive emissions from other sources at the coke
battery (e.g. steam from the coke oven wharf). If the fugitive emis-
sions are of such a magnitude as to delay the observer's traverse,
this should be noted on the data sheet.
3.2 Recording data. ,
3.2.1 General. Record all the information requested at the top
of the data form prior to starting the inspection. Record the time all
traverses begin and start, including the times for the inspections of
doors previously blocked from view by battery machinery. If the in-
spection is delayed because of operations occurring on the battery or
because of fugitive emissions, this should be explicitly noted (i.e.,
the period of time delayed shall be recorded). Prior to beginning a
traverse on either side of the battery, record in column 1 of the data
sheet which side (coke or push) is being inspected.
3.2.2 Emissions. For each oven with door emissions record the
oven number in column 2 of the data form and the source(s) of the leak
by checking either column 3 if the oven door is leaking or colunm 4 if
tne chuck door is leaking. If both sources of the same oven are leak-
ing check both columns. Note that since the coke side and push side are
inspected separately, each oven number can appear twice on the data
sheet for each run.
-------
4. Calculations
Determine the total number of doors (all potential sources) on
me coke oven battery by multiplying the number of ovens in the bat-
tery by three (3) for batteries with chuck doors and two (2) for bat-
teries without chuck doors (some batteries charging preheated coal).
For each run, sum the total number of leaking oven doors and leaking
chuck doors recorded in columns 3 and 4 of the data sheet (one sum
for both coke side agd push side). Divide this sum by the total num-
ber of doors on the battery; multiply by 100 to determine the percent
of doors leaking. Round this percentage off to the nearest tenth of
one percent and record this percentage as the coke over, door emission
rate for the run.
-------
DRAFT COP/
Addendum to Method 109
1. Emissions Opacity.
The observers will record the opacity of the emissions from the
*
doors. Therefore, the procedure section of Method 109 is modified by
replacing the third sentence of paragraph 3.1.2 with the following:
Upon noting an oven door leak or chuck door leak, the observer
\
pauses to look at the lintel area (defined in 2.13) above the door in
order to determine the opacity of the emissions; the inspector momentarily
observes the emissions long enough to make a single determination of the
opacity. The observer then records the information (oven number, location
of leak, opacity of emissions) on the door inspection sheet (figure 109-4).
2. Jarnb leaks.
Jamb 1,-aks (as defined in section 2.11) will be recorded for these
emissions tests. When a jamb leak is noted the observer should record
the san.e infornrrJon required for a door leak except that the notation
"ja'nb leak' should be made in the comment column; columns 3 end 4 of the
data form should be lefi blank unless a door or chuck door lea'c is also
present.
3. Certification
All observers will be certified according to the procedures of
Method 9.
f\. Multiple observers.
In order to prevent interference among observers the following
procedures should be used when multiple observers are recording emissions:
a) All observers will make "simultaneous" traverses of each
battery side (i.e. one observer will not traverse the coke side of a
battery while another observer traverses the push side). In addition,
-------
ono observer should not bogin a traverse of the second side of the battery
uritril'-all observers have completed the first traverse and arc ready to ,,
proceed.
b) two of the observers will simultaneously start their traverses
of a given side of the battery from opposite ends (pinion walls) of the
battery. The third observer will start the traverse from either end;
the observer will start the traverse not less than 1 minute after nor more
than 2 minutes after the other observer.
-------
SSS SLcol
,
I EV *
Pi I Lsburgh, PA
Roy t'ieu 1 j
9/9/79'
.'..>•/ r. yU\ Johu Smi t.h
* '• .Total /
.......
'.
one
Chuck
doors
.i.nitu ^•t, ;>-'.i> iii. x/if'1 sppt.il u>u. tUrct-l'itiA, a»!t» ?ocr.t!o:i oJ tMJrsiD:
Clear
One
v - -•
co.-.;,:,-,.J
PS 10:01
PS 10:05
CS 10:15
CS 10:?0
CS 10:?0
i n • '» i
1 U . (. 1
Ovsn
4
8
15
. 18
20
3
6 '
•
17
18
•
V ' I
*
Oven '•
.Door ' •
• .•>; • '
X
•
X
X
X
1
-
•
-
.
Chuck
Door
X
X
X
•
•
1
J •
iOpacity
i 20
1
30
• I
10
10
. 5
- 5
5
' -
10
10
•
•
Co,™**
•
Jairb leak
Jamb leak
• .
•
7-15 Dooi Machine
- - \ I
•
7-15 Observed no leaks
• * •
" ". .
- *
-------
APPENDIX D
METHOD 9
t
A
-------
STATIONARY SOURCES
S-305
121:0434A
Rom. Je-oc e J , Ma'ntenance. Calibration,
and Operation of Isoklnetlc Source £>am-
"pllcg Equipment." Environmental Protection
Agency. Air Pollution Control Office Pubil-
'- •• ~
Shell Development Co Analytical Depart-
ment, Determination of S ,!fur Dioxide and
Sulfur Trioxide- la Stack Gases. Emeryvilla
Method Series. 4516/59a
MTTHOD B VISUAL D2TZaMXNACTO:* O? THE
OPACTTT c? EJUSSIONS FROM
GOC71CC3
Many stationary sources discharge visible
emissions into the atmosphere, these emis-
sions are usually In the shape of & plume
ThU method Involves toe determination of
plume opac-ty by qualified observers Tha
metcod Ice!-das procedures for the training
and certification of observers, and procedures
to be used In the field for determination of
plume opacity. The appearance of a plume &3
viewed by an observer depends upon a num-
ber of vanaoles. some of which may be con-
trollable and some or which may not be
controllable la the fleld. Variables which, can
be controlled, to aa, extent to which they no
longer exert a. significant Influence upon
plame appearozice Include- Angle of the ob-
sarver with respect to the plume, angle of the
observer with respect to the sun. point of
observation of attached and detached steam
plurae. and angle of the observer with re-
spect to a plume emitted from a rectangular
stack -5.-!tn a large length to width ratio The
method Includes specific criteria applicable
to these variables
Other variables which may r.ot be control-
lable th tne £eid are luminescence and color
contrast bjrmen the plume and the back-
g-O'jni against •which the plu-rie is viewed
Thes* variables exert art Influence upon the
appearance of a plume as viewed by an ob-
serve-, and can afreet the abl.'ty or the ob-
se-ver to accurately assign opacity values
to thJ obse—ed plume Studies of t^s theory
of plum* coacltv and field stud es r-avs dem-
onst-ated -bit a plume Is rr.cs; vL»!b!s and
p-o^rits t-zs greatest appare-: cpacltr v/hen
\'£.-ec! ag-.'-c- o. ccatrastlr§ bac^rround It
fol.ov?s from this, and Is conJirr:=c; 07 field
t-nls. tnat -.-* opacity cf a sZum*. viewed
under cold-lions where a contrasting back-
ground is present can be ass ;rned —.tn the
greatest degree of accuracy KOABTT the po-
tential fo- a positive error 1; also the greatest
whe*' a p'u=:e Is viewed unde- such contrast-
Ins ccrdltl;n3 Under condiMor-s presenting
a less contrasting background tie apparent
op-iclc- of a plume Is less and approaches
ze-o aa t>a color and luminescence contrast
dec-«~,» -,•*—ard zero As a result, significant
nesa'.i : bias and negative e-rors con te
raadi —run a plume U viewed undsr less
contrasting conditions A negative bias de-
creises rather than Increases tho possibility
that a plant operator will be cited for a vlo-
litlon of opacity standards due to observer
erro"
S.udles have been undertaken to determine
th- rr.^gn'tucle of posltl'.e errors vhlch can
bi r-ade by qualified observers while read-
1" * p'urres under contrasting conditions and
tiMnj the procedures set forth In this
nl'.'hc<-: The results of these studies (field
trill** which Involve a total of 769 sets of
25 rc^dlass each are as follows
(1) For bla:k p'.umes (133 sets at a smoke-
geTTRtor). 100 percent of the seta were
read ; 1th a positive error1 of less than ".5
percent opacity 09 percent were read with
o. pculslve error of less than 5 percent opacity.
(2) For white plumes (170 sets at a smo-ce
generator. 163 sets at a coal-fired power plant,
208 sets at a suUurtc tcld plant), 39 percent
of the sets were read "vlth a positive error of
less than 7 5 percent opacity. 95 percent were
re«I with a positive error of less than 5 per-
cent opacity.
The positive observational error associated
with nn average of twenty-five readings Is
therefore established. Toe accuracy of the
method must be taV.en Into account wren
"•determining^possible vlola»lons-rof .appli-
cable opacity standards
1. Principle and applicability
1 I Principle The opacity of emissions
f"om stationary sources Is determined vis-
ually by a qualified observer
1 2 Applicability. This method Is appli-
cable for the determination of the opacity
of emissions from stationary sources pur-
suant to 9 60 11 (b) and for qualifying ob-
servers lor visually determining opacity of
emiss'ons
2 Procedures The observer qualified In
accordance with parjgraph 3 of this method
shall use the following procedures for vis-
ually determining the opacity of emissions:
»Por a set, positive error==average opacity
determined by observers' 25 observations—•
average opacity determined from transmis-
someter's 25 recordings.
2 1 Position The qualified ooserver shall
stand at a distance su±iclent to provide a
clear view of the emissions with the sun
oriented In the 140* sector to bis back Con-
sistent with, maintaining the above require-
ment, the observer shall, as much as possible,
make bis observations from a position such
that his line of vision Is approximately
perpendicular to tiie plume direction, and
when observing opacity of emissions from
rectangular outlets (e g roof monitors, open
baghouses, nonclrcular stacks), f-pproxl-
raately perpendicular to the longer avis of
toe outlet The observer's line of sight snould
not Include more than one plume at a tlirie
When multiple stacks are Involved, and in
any ease the observer should moke his ob-
servations with his line of sight perpendicu-
lar to the longer axis of such a set of multi-
ple stacks (eg stub stacks on baghouses).
2 2 Field records The observer shall re-
cord the name of the plant, emission loca-
tion, type facility. cb:erver's nams and
affiliation, and ths date on a Sold data sheet
(Figure 9—1) The tine estimated distance
to tr-e emission location, approximate v,Lnd
direction, estimated wind speed, description
of the sky condition (presence and color of
clouds), and plume background are recorded
on a fleld data sheet at the time opacity read-
ings are Initiated and completed
2 3 Observations Opacity observations
shall be made at tue point of greatest opacity
In that portion of the plume where con-
deasad water vapor Is not present The ob-
set-.e- shall not look continuously at the
pluma, but Instead shall observe the plume
r-icmantarlly at 15-second Intervals
231 Attached steam plumes When con-
densed water \apor Is present within the
plume as It emerges from the emission out-
let, opacity observations shall be m?de be-
yond the point In the plume at wh'ch con-
densed water vapor Is no longer visible The
observer shall record the approximate dis-
tance from the emission outlet to the point
In the plume at which the observations nrs
made
2 32 Detached steam plume. When water
vapor In the plume conderses and becomes
visible at a distinct distance from the emis-
sion outlet, the opacity of emissions should
fca evaluated at the emission outlet prior to
the condensation of water vapor and the for-
mation of the steam plume
2 4 Recording observations Opacity ob-
servations shall be recorded to the nearest 5
percent at 15-second Intervals on on ob-
servational record sheet (See Figure 9-2 for
an example.) A minimum of 24 observations
shall be recorded Each momentary observa-
tion recorded shall be deemed to represent
the averaga opacity of emissions for a 15-
secoad period.
2 G Data Reduction Opacity shall ba de-
termined as au average of 2S consecutive
observations recorded at 15-second Intervals
Divide the observations recorded on the rec-
ord sheet Into sets of 2£lcorsec.utlvejpb_s«,rv, * > .t,
nations A set Is composed of any 2'^ con-
secutive observations Sets need not be con-
secutive In time and In no case shall two
sets overlap For each set of 24 observations,
calculate the average by summing the opacity
of the 24 observations ard dividing this sum
by 24 If an applicable standard specifies an
averaging time requiring more than 24 ob-
servations, calculate the average for all ob-
servations made during the specified time
period Record the average opacity on a record
sheet (See Figure 9-1 for an example )
3 Qualifications end testing.
S 1 Certification requirements To receive
certification as a qualified observer, a can-
didate must be tested and demonstrate the
ability to nsslgn opacity recdlrgs la 5 percent
Incremeits to 25 different block plumes and
25 different white plumes, with an. error
not to exceed 15 percent opacity on any ona
reading and nn average error not to exceed
1 5 percent opacity Jn each category Candi-
dates shall be tested according to the pro-
cedures described In paragraph 32 Smoke
generators used pursuant to paragraph 3.2
shall be equipped with a smoke meter which.
meets the requirements of paragraph 3 3
The certification shall be valid for a period
of 6 months at which time the qualification
procedure must be rep?ated by ony observer
jn O'der to retain certification
32 Certification procedure The certifica-
tion test coislsU of sho-vlng the candidate a
complete run of 50 plumes—25 black plumes
Bed 25 white plumes—generated by R smoke
generator Plumes wlti'n each set of 25 b'ac':
p.nd 25 white runs shall be presented In ran-
dom order The candidate assigns an opacity
value to each plums and records his obser-
vation on a suitable form At the completioi
of each run of 50 readings, the score of the
candidate is determined If a candidate falls
to qualify, the complete run of 50 readings
must be repeated in any retcst The snsoke
test may be pdminlste.-ed as part of a smoke
school or training p'ogratn, and may be pre-
ceded by training or famUlarizat'on runs of
the smoke generator during which candidates
are snown black and walte plumes of known
'opacity
3 3 Smoko generator specifications Any
smoke g3nsrator used for the purposes of
paragraoh 3 2 shall be equipped v/lth a smoke
meter Instilled to measure opiclty across
the dlametsr of tbe smoke jjjr.erator sVvck
The smoke meter output shall display In-
stack opacity based upon a pathlength equal
to the stack exit diameter, on a full 0 to 100
percent chart recorder scale. The smoke
m?ter optical des'gn and performance shall
meet the specifications shown In Table 9-1
The smoke meter shall be calibrated as pre-
scribed In paragraph 331 prior to the con-
duct of each smoke reading test At the
comoletloi of e-jch test, the zero and span
drift shall be checked and If the drift ex-
ceeds ±1 percent opacity, the condition shall
be corrected prior to conducting any subse-
quent test runs The smoke meter shall ba
demonstrated, at the time of Installation, to
meet the specifications listed In Table 0-1
This demonstration, shall be repeated fol-
lowing any subseqt —•! repair or replacement
of the pnotocell or associated electronic cir-
cuitry Including the chart recorder or output
meter, or every 6 months, \vhlchevet occurs
first.
TABLE 9—1 SMOX£ SIFTER DESIGN ANT)
Parameter. Speclfcction
ft. Light source Incandescent lamp
operated at nominal
rated \ultago.
&-25-V6
Copyright g) 1976 by The Bureau of Notional Afloirs, Inc.
[Appendix A]
35
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121 0434B
FEDERAL REGULATIONS
pf.rarcetor Specification
b ^pectral .response Photoplc (da>ll;;ht
*'"• of ptfouJcfell -' ' ^'spectraWesponsebf
the human eye—
reference 43).
c Angle of \'a
ei'»lua"ccl as fo.io^rs
3321 li'gnt source. Verify from manu-
fictu.-eri cl^'a ani from voUage measure-
ments made at t.-.e lamp, as InotaliSd that
t^e la-Tp Is operated v/jthiu ±5 percent ol
tiio nom'.na' r^t^d voltage.
• 3322 Spectral response of photocell
Verify from minufacturer's data that tha
5ph'5tocell'Jh&>«"'photop'lc^reopdnse,' re", tna
spectral sensitivity of the cell shall closely
approximate the- standard spectral-lftmlnos-
Ity curve fo' photoplc \lsloii •which is refer-
enced In (b) of Table 9-1
3323 Angle of \lew Check construction
geometry to ensure tnat the total angle of
view of the smoke pJuma, as seen by the
photocell, does not exceed 15*. The total
angle of view may be calculited from 6 = 1
taa-1 d/2L. where 9=tota! angle- of view.
d = the sum of tne photocell dlameter+the
diameter of the limlt'ng aperture, and
L=the distance from the photocell to the -
limiting aperture The limiting aperture Is
the point in the path between the photocell
and the smoke plume where the angle of
view is moat restricted. In smoke generator
smoke meters this Is normally an orlfica
plate.
3324 Angle of projection Check con-
struction geometry to ensure that the total
angle of projection of the lamp on the
smoke plume aoes not exceed 15' The total
angle of projection may be calculated from:"
?=2 tan-' cI/2L, waere 6= total angle of pro-
jection; d= the sum of the length of the
lamp filament -J- the d'ameter of the limiting
aperture, and L= tne distance from the lamp
to the limiting aperture
3 *3 2 5 Calibration error Usln^ neutril-
deasity filters of Knoivn opacity. ches% tns
error~bet-veen the actual response and the
theoretical linear response of the smoke
meter This check Is accomplished by fir^t
calibrating the smoke meter according to .
331 and **•=>« inserting a series of three
neutral-density filters of nominal opacity of
20. 50, and 75 percent in the smoke meter
psthlength^Filters callbarteii within ±2"per- -
cent shall be used Care should be taken
trfcen inserting the filters to prevent stray
l.^ht from affecting the meter Mike ft total
of five nonconsecutlre readings for each
filter. The maximum error on any one read-
Ing shall be 3 percert opacity.
33.26 Zero and spaa drift. Determine
toe zero and span drift by calibrating and
operating the smoke generator In a normal
manner o\er a 1-hour period Th8 drift is
measured by checking ths zero and span at
the end of tnis period
3 35.7 Response time Determine the re-
sponse time by producng the series of fiva
simulated 0 percent and 100 percent opacity
values and observing the time required tn
reach stable response Opacity ta'ues of 0
percent and 100 percent may be simulated
by alternately SAllchlng tha po^er to the
light source off and on while the smoke
generator is not operating.
4 References.
41 Air Pollution Control District Rules
and Regulations, Los Angeles County Air
Pollution Control District. Regulation IV,
Prohibitions, Ruls 50
4.2 Welsburd, Melvln I. Field Operations
and Enforcement Manual for Air, UJS Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Tri-
angle Park, NO, AFTD-1100. August 1972
pp 4 1-4 36
43 Condon. E U, and Odlshaw, H , Hand-
book of Physics, McGraw-Hill Co, N.Y. N Y.,
1953, Tables l,p 6-52
-------
.fv
NJ
n
o
•O
CLOCK TIME
OBSERVER LOCATION
Distance to Discharge
'Direction from Discharge
Height of Observation Point
BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION
WEATHER CONDITIONS
Wind Direction
Wind Speed
Anbient Temperature
SKY CONDITIONS (clear,
overcast, Z clouds, etc.)
PLUME DESCRIPTION
Color
Distance Visible.
07IO 1JIFO.T.ATIOH
Initial
final
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
Urn
Start—End
Oaacit> - -
Sum
•
Average
-
^
-
Readings ranged from
to
opacity
The source was/was not in compliance with
the time evaluation was trade.
at
-------
.I*
w
FIGIKS 9-2 OBSERVATION KCCORO
PACE Of
CC'tfAS'Y
LOCATION
TEST NUV.3ER
DATE
OBSERVE
TYPE FACILITY ~
POINT OF EMISSTBhT
m
3
O
D
n
3
PO
X
>
H".
N * 1 .
0
1
2
J
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11
Ib
1G
17
13
19
20
/\
??
?1
21
2'i
T'fi
?7
21!
29
Se
ID
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30
5
^b
bftAM
(c!lec^ If
Att.iclied
PLUilb
.inplicablc)
Pctiichocl
CO!'."."flS
COMPANY
LOCATION
TEST NUMBER
DVTC
FIGURE 9-2 OBSERVATION RECORD
(Continued)
OBSERVER
PAGE
Of
TYPE FACILITY
POINT OF EMISSTONT
Mr.
Mtn.
30
31
•J?
J3
.W
J5
36
37
38
J9
40
<11
',2
43
41
15
4b
47
18
19
SO
bl
5^
bJ
bl
bb
50
5/
58
b9
Seconds
0
15
30
f>'j
STEAM FLUME
(check if applicable)
Attached
Detached
~
COWENTS ~
•"•*
-
f
,
-
~"
-,
,»
-
int DCC7-1-2C150 Tiled ll-il-74.0.45
•n
ri
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r-
30
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TCEIJTIFrCATfON-TQUALIFlEp'OBSERVER
George fcL_ Santprilla
Clayton Env. Consultants, Inc'.^.
* " HAS C'OMPLETED"A VISIBLE EM'issiON?^ALUA*TioT^RAiiiiNa^r:^:
PROGRAM AND IS CERTIFIED AS A QUALIFIED OBSERVER FOR , W,V
BOTH OPACITY AND RINGELMANN READINGS <^'f$g$\}£\$ ~f ?"V;
' > '/A" "- X/X^WWT*^ "\w*-'?'IIE»I.TM DEPARTMENT*/£ '*'
,*/ / /x/XvTir^'Y ^ *,--•.<-' »IR POLLUTION « »§»
^ AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE/AND TMTB . ^. ,,J,_COMTROL DIVISION %^-s--
Dunsanka Lazarevic
_C!a.y_t_o_n .Environmental.
„ ., , Consultantsv.
HAS COMPLETED A VISIBLE EMISSIONS EVALUATION TRAimNG ' ',"'-'!
PROGRAM AND IS CERTIFIED AS A QUALIFIED OBSERVER FOR
. BOTH OPACITY AND RINGELMANN READINGS
K\v
AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE? AND DATE
A fa ^ rf (oomi-ennual rec/owal required)
"" ' WAYNE COUNTY , ., ,v3
HEALTH DEPARTMENT- %, ' £
['. BOTH OPACJTY AND RINQELMANN READINGS. ^ ^'**^
~ IYNE COUNTY "^
DEPARTMENT -'J
. - - .--..-.-,- . , . AIR POLLUTION • ~~-,
i .'.AUTHORIZED SIQNATUR^ AND CMTE . J - V CONTROL DIVISION —S
/ .K' .1^ (Mmit«inualrenewal-required) ~i~-"'^/> A/O/W^/% vvl?
'4.^-. ->«=. j-.jj.t.v ».'.„ i. _'. _isi>,i .HI C.\JI IM.7J&
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