SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 79-ELC-5
May 1979
Air
Steel Industry
Electric Arc Steel
Foundaries
Emission Test Report
Lone Star Steel
Lone Star, Texas
-------
FUGITIVE EMISSION EVALUATION REPORT
ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES
Lone Star Steel Company
Lone Star, Texas
Prepared for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc
25711 Southfield Road
Southfield, Michigan 48075
EMB REPORT NO. 79-ELC-5
Work Assignment 15
Contract No. 68-02-2817
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Discussion of Results 2
3.0 Observation Locations and Emission 7
Points
4.0 Observation Procedures H
APPENDICES
A. Project Participants
B. Field Data Sheets
Co Summary of Visible Emissions
D. Time-log of Melting Activities
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
3.1 Plan view of electric arc 8
furnaces
3.2 Elevation view of furnace 9
enclosures
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2.1 Summary of Emission Data r 4
Furnace No. 6
2.2 Summary of Emission Data - 5
Furnace No. 7
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
retained Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. to
conduct visible emissions observations at Lone Star
Steel Company, Lone Star, Texas. Procedures similar
to those outlined in EPA Method 9 were incorporated
to evaluate emissions from two 60-ton, enclosed,
electric arc furnaces (EAF). The study was conducted
by Mses. D.L. Schick and D. Lazarevic on June 6 through
8, 1979.
To evaluate methods of determining visible
emissions escaping from the electric arc furnace
control systems, most of the visible emission data
were collected by observers located inside the building
housing these units. This study was commissioned
as Project No. 79-ELC-5, Contract No. 68-02-2817,
Work Assignment 15.
-------
2.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
Operating conditions were atypical during this
studyjaccording to discussions with Lone Star personnel.
The top charging doors for furnace No. 7 were open
during the entire observation period, which is not
normally the case. This resulted in higher opacity
readings for that furnace and at times interfered with
observations at furnace No. 6. Also, three electrodes
broke, delaying the melting process, which in turn
reduced the amount of retrievable data.
There was a constant haze at the roof level inside
the building. The haze could be seen backlighted
under the lights from the overhead crane. Therefore, a
lower detectable opacity limit of five-percent was used,
rather than zero.
Although participants synchronized watches prior to
the onset of observations, discrepancies in recorded
time intervals were still encountered during data re-
duction. Therefore, exact coordination of process opera-
tions with corresponding opacity readings was extremely
difficult. Further consideration should be given to
identifying a more precise method of time coordination.
-------
Visible Emission Data
Data was reduced and tabulated using two methods.
Appendix C contains a summary of data using the first
method, whereby opacity readings were averaged over a
six-minute interval, as required by Method 9. These
averages were then plotted on a time scale graph
(Appendix C). The second method of tabulation is pre-
sented in Tables 2.1 and 2.2, which summarize data for
furnace Nos. 6 and 7, respectively. The lowest and
highest opacity readings and overall averages for each
tap, charge, and oxygen lancing operation were tabu-
lated for each observer.
The average of the three simultaneous observation
periods on furnace No. 6 for tapping, charging, and
oxygen lancing resulted in a variation between the two
observers of 4-percent, 8-percent, and 1-percent
opacity, respectively. Furnace No. 7 observations
resulted in a difference between observers of 25-percent
opacity for oxygen lancing, 6-percent opacity for
tapping, and 23-percent opacity for charging. However,
these differences were based on only one simultaneous
observation period.
Insufficient simultaneous outdoor/indoor observa-
tions were taken to allow a meaningful statistical
comparison. Subjective indications, however, show
that emissions did appear to dissipate before exiting
-------
TABLE 2.1. SUMMARY OF EMISSION DATA-FURNACE NO.
Date
6-6-79
6-6-79
6-7-79
6-7-79
6-8-79
6-6-79
6-6-79
6-7-79
6-7-79
6-8-79
6-7-79
Process Operation
Observed
Description
Tapping a
Charging15
Oxygen
Lancing
Time
Start
1201
1651
0946
1532
0958
1207
1656
1014
1538
1006
1226
Stop
1205
1655
0951
1535
1003
1209
1658
1015
1541
1008
1233
Opacity, Percent
(Inside Observations)
Observer
(D.
Low
20
20
10
20
"
20
10
5
15
~
10
Lazare vie )
High
40
35
40
35
100
95
60
100
"
40
Avg.
29
28
23
30
41
46
21
43
_
18
Observer
(D
Low
10
15
10
-
10
20
15
5
-
15
10
Schick)
High
30
40
40
-
25
100
100
50
_
80
35
Avg.
20
26
25
-
19
27
40
17
_
33
17
Opacity, Percent
(Outside Observations)
Obs-erver
(D.
Low
_
-
-
10
_
_
-
d
Lazarevic)
High
_
_
-
25
^,
_
_
d
Avg.
_
-
17
_
_
_
d
- - -
Observer
(D. Schick)
Low High Avg.
« *
_
5 20 11
- - -
_
5 35 15
- - -
Commencing with the flow of metal from furnace and ending when side doors of enclosure open
after end of metal flow.
b Commencing with opening of enclosure side doors at end of tapping and ending three-minutes
after opening of front charge doors to remove charge bucket.
° Time periods as noted on time-log of melting activities.
Large cloud of dust from front-end loader created an interference and readings were not
takenatthistime.
-------
TABLE 2.2. SUMMARY OF EMISSION DATA-FURNACE NO. 7
Date
6-6-79
6-7-79
6-7-79
6-6-79
6-7-79
6-7-79
6-6-79
6-8-79
Process Operation
Observed
Description
a
Tapping
Charging
Oxygen c
Lane ing
Time
Start
1532
0821
1333
1539
0827
1338
1637
0758
S top
1537
0824
1337
1541
0829
1340
1642
0801
Opacity, Percent
(Inside Observations)
Obs erver
(D. Lazarevic)
Low
20
15
e
15
15
e
25
High
40
100
e
100
95
e
75
Avg.
28
65
e
63
42
e
48
Observer
(D; S chick)
Low
5
d
15
20
d
15
5
f
High
25
d
35
100
d
100
50
f
Avg.
22
d
21
40
d
39
23
f
Opacity, Percent
(Outside Observations)
Obs-erver
(D. Lazarevic)
Low High
Avg.
- -
_
0 5
3
Observer
(D. Schick)
Low High Avg .
_
_
_
a Commencing with the flow of metal from furnace and ending when side doors of enclosure open
after end of metal flow.
Commencing with opening of enclosure side doors at end of tapping and ending three-minutes
after opening of front charge doors to remove charge bucket.
c Time periods as noted on time-log of melting activities.
D. Schick reading furnace No. 6
e D. Lazarevic reading furnace No. 6
f Began observations after the 09 lancing.
-------
at the roof level, resulting in lower outdoor readings
than indoor readings.
-------
3.0 OBSERVATION LOCATIONS AND EMISSION POINTS
Figure 3.1 presents a plan view of electric
arc furnace Nos. 6 and 7, along with respective
observation points, A, B, and C. Figure 3.2 pre-
sents an elevation view of the enclosed EAF units
showing the location of emission points observed.
There are three floors along the north wall
of the building which houses the electric arc
furnaces. These floors contain various work areas,
as well as the mold filling operation. Observation
Point A was on the third floor, approximately 45
feet above ground level and 30 feet north of furnace
No. 6. Observation Point B was also located on the
third floor, approximately 40 feet northwest of
furnace No. 7. Observation Point C was on an upper
level, about 10 feet above the third floor and 40
feet northwest of furnace No. 7.
All three observation points provided optimum
viewing of the furnace enclosures. Point A was the
safest. Point B was not the safest area for viewing
especially when the melt was being poured, as molten \
metal was sprayed everywhere. At those times viewing was
either terminated until considered safe or continued
at Point C. This resulted in a partial loss of data
if observers were not able to get to Point C in time
to continue readings.
-------
oo
N
h
u
, '| Overhead
crane
Furnace
No. 6
Furnace
No. 7
o
Ladle
mix ing
Melt
pour
area
Figure 3.1. Plan view of electric arc furnaces (not to scale)
-------
Main exhaust
duct
Top charge doors
Observed
emis s ion
point
Front charge
doors
Rear slag
and 02
lance doors
V
T
Addition
chute
I 7
lLadle
_! L
n n
Tapping
exhaust duct
Figure 3.2. Elevation view of furnace enclosures
-------
Opacities were read only at the top charge doors.
Emissions were also noted emanating from warped plates
(the furnace enclosure structure was made of metal
plates), charging door joints, and ladle entrance from
under the furnace, especially during charging and
tapping.
For the outdoor readings, observers were located
about 300 feet north of the building at ground level.
The observation procedure is explained in detail in
Section 4.0.
10
-------
4.0 OBSERVATION PROCEDURES
Visible emission observations were performed in
accordance with EPA Method 9, Visual Determination of
the Opacity of Emissions from Stationary Sources.
Mses. Donna L. Schick and Dusanka Lazarevic of
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. employed
procedures similar to Method 9 while Messrs. Terry
Harrison of EPA and William Maxwell of MRI maintained
a time-log of the melting activities.
Observations were conducted during charging,
melt-down and refining, oxygen lancing, and tapping.
Opacity readings were documented by certified visible
emission readers, both indoors and outdoors.
The area observed outdoors was the roof opening
which was divided into six panels (by structural
members) numbered one through six from left to right.
Observer D. Schick read emissions from Panels 1-4 and
observer D. Lazarevic read from Panels 2-5. Readings
were made through the panel openings because of the dark
background. Emissions could not be seen using the sky
as background.
Readings were taken every 15 seconds, and averaged
over the four panel area. It was also noted on the
data sheets from which panels the emissions were
emanat ing.
The outdoor location was not the optimum location
for viewing the EAF building. When the sun broke through
11
-------
the clouds, it shone in the observers' eyes and made
reading extremely difficult. Also, a front-end loader
was dumping lime into a truck creating quite a dust
cloud. This resulted in a loss of data due to inter-
ference. This area was very heavily traveled by large
trucks generating dust from the dirt roadso
12
-------
APPENDIX A
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
-------
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Donna L. Schick Environmental Data
Specialist
Dusanka Lazarevic Environmental Data
Specialist
Midwest Research Institute
William Maxwell
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Terry Harrison
Naum T. Georgieff
-------
APPENDIX B
FIELD DATA SHEETS
-------
H«
Company Name
RECORDOF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Dote
Plant Address
Observer
.Stack location
Heather Conditions
Observer's
location
TIME
HIM
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
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40
41
42
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44
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Location
TIM£
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TIME
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31
32
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TIME
COWENTS
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30
31
32
33
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40
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Company Nome
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TIME COWENTS
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30
31
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-------
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RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Plant Address
Stack Location
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Location
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Date
Plant Address
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Heather Conditions
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Location
TIME
CCVWENTS
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00
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30
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-------
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-------
Company Home
Plant Addres
Stack tocatl
Weather Cone
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
O&Y./. ^fahl, ^TtQ^ Dote 6/r/T?
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MIfl
SECC::DS
0,1
15' 30 45
[651
30
6
31
32
-------
Company fiame
Plant Address
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Observer
Stack Location
Weather Conditions
Observer's
Location
TIME
COMMENTS
HR [ HI;«
StCC.'IOS
00
15
30
45
b*
00
£.
GoM
Tf
01
5
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a
02
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03
10.
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5
04
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4fl
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10
06
10
AC
07
08
09
10
n
12
JS
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1
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/20
m
30
21
10
If?
22
6
23
24
5
25
26
£
5
27
28
?9
.S
O
4/vgW
\
-------
RECORD OF VISIOLE EMISSIONS
Company Name
Plant Addres
Stack Locatl
V.'eather Cone
Dote
s . Observer
on -Observer's
litions
Location
Tlf'E . COMMENTS
H«
HI
V)\vX
.;.-.
../
/
NIM
30
31
X32
33
34
35
36
37
,38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
'47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
55
57
on
59
00
30
te
V-l_
40
60
5ft
?£
6fi
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35
60
SCCC.'.'OS
15
55
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A*?
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Q^
45
go
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/ - _ . , ^ , Jr .
a
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.
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1
1
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-------
Company Hams
Plant Address
L//hJ>,
RECORD OF VISIBLE EWSS.OflS
Date
Observer
Stack Location
Heather Conditions
^SLtfi
Observer's
Location
TIME
COMMEffTS
rc
HIM Secc:."')5
00
IS
30
45
00
ao
30 &
01
4
$6
_02_
03
la
404$
&
04
05
si
6
06
5
fi
5
5
07
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5'
08
ff
5
09
5
10
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6
12
15
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13
14
30
ID
15
£5«&
40
16
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fob
18
f!)
10
19
In
10
20
6"
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6
21
22
£.
- 23
5
5
S
£
24
'10
Lo
i£L
25
40
26
27
£o£0
M4o_
28
29
am
-------
Company Name
Plant Address _
Stack Location
RECORD OF VISIOU EMISSIONS
Date
Weather Conditions
Observer
Observer's
Location
CCK-IENTS
THT
"TiTfT
00'
_SECO::OS
15
45
30
37
40
32
33
10
10
34
&
10
,35
5
5.
36
£
to-
ladi
37
m
L&
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38
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39
40
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£
5"
42
M
43
7^-)
44
'LS2.
45
5
-------
Company flame
Plant Address
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
. Observer
Stack Location
Weather Conditions
THT
,,-Av
TIME
MI.-
01
01
02
03
04
06
07
08
00
/o
5
&
30
-
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5
45
£L
,6
5"
5
5-
Observer's
Location
COMMEffTS
09
5
5
10
5
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0
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12
&
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16
14
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15
16
10
17
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19
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20
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22
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£
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27
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28
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79
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0
§
o
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-------
Company
Plant Address _
Stack Location
RECORD OK VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Observer
Heather Conditions
Observer's
Location
TifT
"TiTTT
TIME
COMMENTS
SLCC;:DS
00
15
33
man
ao
34
40
35
do
36
55
37
38
30
39
-10
15
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41
42
43
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44
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ID.
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46
^
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48
49
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50
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51
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52
53
54
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55
5
56
i
57
SL
53
R
59
S
S
-------
Company tiame _
Plant Address
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Observer
Stack Location
Weather Conditions
Observer's
Location
-------
Company Name
Plant Address _
Stack Location
Weather Conditions
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Dote
. Observer
Observer's
Location
~MTTT
TIKE
COMMENTS
TUT
03
s£cu:;ns
15 30
45
30
1")
31
32
33
3t
34
35
,00
36
37
16
38
6
£
ID
/D
/39
40
0
O
1C
41
1C
J£i
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51^
52
53
54
55
55
57
59
iO
JQ
1__-
-------
Company Nome
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Plant Address
Stack Location
Weather Conditions
Observer
Observer's
Location
o
TIME
coxMEfrrs
HP
HIM
CO
SECC.'iOS
00
w.
15 30
45
01
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03
04
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05
06
07
08
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09
10
30
9.5,25
12
13
in
14
m
10
15
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16
5
5
5
B
18
5
5
19
5
20
21
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22
5
23
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m.
24
m
25
5
26
5
27
5
5
28
S
5
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b
s
5
AOD^LJQ ftiEiL&
0
3n^
-------
RECORD.OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Company Name
Plant Addres
Stack Locati
Weather Cond
Date
s Observer
on Observer's
it ions
Location
TU:E ' .COMMENTS
Hft
U'-v-
\v*
\
X
\
NHI
30
31
32
33
34
.35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
5H
59
00'
5
5
ft
5
£
K
5
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S&)
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to
30
&
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5
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d-hrn xt^ 6c./^ii_
/-. o
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.
.
.
;
,
.
-------
Company flame
Plant Address
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
- Observer
Stack Location
h
Weather Conditions y'UyugX^ 4J5-T
Observer's
Location
D
TIME
COMMENTS
HR
MI,'!
SECC::OS
00
30
00
01
02
03
10
04
-'05
fi
05
/d
07
ID
08
5.
09
10
n
5
12
6
13
5!
14
15
5
16
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5
17
18
19
5.
ID
20
B
c
2T
fif
22
5
5
4-
23
24
25
26
27
?R
?9
a
-------
Company Kwie _
Plant Address
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
. Date
Stack Location
Weather Conditions
1300
Observer
Observer's
Location
-------
Company Name
Plant Address
Stack Location
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Weather Conditions
Observer
Observer's
Location
HR
MIN
OD
_SECO::OS
15
<35
COMMENTS
30
m
31
O
32
5n
so
33
m
34
30
&&
so
36
40 &
37
38
yi
39
10
r?
42
48
49
50
51
52
''53'
54
55
56
57
l£>
5H
n
/D
VA
59
If)
10
-------
Company Name
Plant Address _
Stack Location
RECORD OK VIS I OLE EMISSIONS
Date
Observer
V/eather Conditions
i
ffi gjr >Qtc
Observer's
Location
TIME
COMMENTS
-------
Company fiome _
Plant Address
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Observer
Stack Location
Weather Conditions
felolj x?
Observer's
Location
-------
UK
Company Name
Plant Address
Stack Location
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Dote
. Observer
Weather Conditions
Observer's
Location
Niri
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
-41
42
43
44
45
46
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
55
_5jj_
5^
03
6
.^5
£
0
o
n
a
s
o
5.
0
£
/r\
n
SECc;:ns
15
s
6'
a
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S
&
15
O
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5
i2
C
in
0
O
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0
£
0
0
45
5
9
/n
a
0
0
0
o
&
0
COMMENTS
XlWAo
_3a
ty-
ptdi|>vAj2g^
-------
SUXT-'ARY
RECOP.D C," VISI2LE EMISSIONS"
Type of Plant
'Company Narr.e
Plant Address
Date
Hours of Observation
^Observer
Type of Discharge STACK
Discharge Location
OTHER
Height of Point of Discharge
Observer's Location:
Distance to Discharge Point
Height of Observation Point
Direction from Discharge Point
Background Description
Weather-: Clear Overcast
Wind Direction
m _ ^^p«»-
Plurne. Description:
Detached: Yes No
Color: Black White Other
^
r^t
Other
Color
Wind Velocity
.-10
Plume Dispersion Behavior: Looping Coning Fanning
Lofting Funigating Other
Estimated Distance Plume Visible cMi^ uJtA >u^ WdOLfiJcCLMUM^
Sunvnary of Observations:
Opacity Annrea?.tG Tire 0 Osacitv
0' min. sec.
5
10
.15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
LT-
*
Opacity Aanrea.ito fir.-.o 0 Opacity
55
60
65
70
75
.80
85
90
95
100
-------
Company Name
Plant Addres
Stack Locati
Weather Cond
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
s Observer
on Observer's
it ions
Location
Tire COMMENTS
HR
- tor
«
/*
. . .
\ '
/
\\
/
T-
~
/if/i
30
31
32
33
34
-35
36
37
38
39
40
,41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
.53
54
55
56
57
5f!
59
00'
S
5
a
5
s
*
f>
5
5-
5
&
5
§
S
^
5
5
ft
5
5
S
5
fo
15
Q
£
5
10
SECONDS
15
Kj
6
f)
5
5
f?
"9
&
5
5
:g
5
55
ft
§
^9
tj
8
Pi
to
1^
e
5
5
??
30
5
°b
^v
g
&
5-
^
n
5
^
5
S
5
5
5
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c^
f>
^
5
5
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3,0
(0
5
5
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"15
r?
F)
C^
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5"
5
&
c-\
5
Cp
5
5
5.
5
6
t-\
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^^
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1^
L^N
IS, /
5
S
.00'
ro
5
p)
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1^1 1
0
1 MvUyfejMAA /)f^
o
1 bkOJ) <&**jJ&tA^x
^
'I nMI {^M^^\
o
1 'dlif CVl^/lAvfejU^ '
^^A>^luLi> PO^^r^
^ .
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.
-
j
s
i
.
XlAwurb. ft/1!) ft^^KxJ' /icu^/^
O^S/ 4 ' 'ajtKg? .. W-C . V-
-------
Company flame
Plant Address
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Stack Location
Weather Condi tions
Observer
Observer's
Location
-------
Company Name U-& Observer
-it= L? Observer's '
t 1 Location [)-
,yv^XLx^>'-^ I'UoHr ' rt
L-l-V)
Vj^Ud^
i fl If 1 . f. . i
HR
x.
fllfl
30
31
3?
33
34
35
36
37
33
39
40
,,41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
/53
54
55
55
57
59
/O
4
/f)
la
5
5.
5.
£
i
5"
5
5
S£r.o::ns
15" 30 45
0
0
6*
&
lo
If
a
5
5
£
5-
t
lo
s.
£.
5
i
5
i
5
5
0
to
10
5
5
S
5
5
£
COMMENTS
j^
'0
A
0
0
-------
Company Name
Plant Address
Stack Location
Heather Conditions
RECORD OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date
Observer
Observer's
Location
TIME
COXMEffTS
H
MINI S£CC:.'OS
00
Ib
00
£
9 '
01
C
0
02
03
5
O
0..',
5
05
5
1
06
f)
07
5
08
09
10
10
,5
i-n
c
,11
55
0
12
I)
o
13
c;
14
15
riLcf. AO-I
16
ff
17
5
18
5
!>
19
-------
5
0
-V
I"
^
1
J
-------
-------
I I CO
So
10
S-
4z>
-------
APPENDIX C
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
'Date:
Type of Discharge: llj_cJjnc^
Type of Plant":
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name:
-fivirncg^ Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity: .
Detached Plume:
Fug meet.
Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge ,Point: go' .
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 4f>'
Description of Background: J&u>_M *<<><-.
o
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 ,
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
|o,5"4-
1100
/)!0
14-s
135"
'^-45
&SO
t 2.30
T-SO
3.2S"
CJ-^O
olOO
34o
4V-5"
d?o
Average
. )6»
.4
-. -'4 .;
5"
5"
S"
-^
5
(a
\o
'' «i4-
51
,33
14
II
...'3
. '&.
jiO
n
S e t
Number
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
Ik SO
\USit
1103-
170%
17/4
19- *O
IW
End
IUSS
I"?O!
1707-
1713
(711
I7J5"
na*f3o
Opacity
Sum
5".
iJ
T-l
, O
0
109-4
Time, hours
; to
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
OAC
Date: _____^
Type o~f Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction: . . .
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name:
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky: | .
Wind Velocity:
Detached Plume:
7).
& re i/t'o
Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 4o' __ -___
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point:
Description of Background; fo^
J
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
(531
Y537-
/5₯i
7541
IS$£
I\t0 I
tuof
Itffl^
IL,2.S~
, . , .
M3
End
/534,
154*.
/5V?
I5S00
/ 35S
f^-0/6.!
j^Q
1 ttO
Ms
3"/5/i*
S3'>fa
c2(fO/£2
« ,
//SO
'
Average
<^S
^"5"
45" .
6
.?-
6s-
,3V
.45
/A-
/ /^ .
/ C?
o5"
Set
Number
21
22
23
24
. 25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
End
Opacity
Sum
Average
Sketch Showing How Opacity Varied With Time:
M '
10
o
15T2.I
Time, hours
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date:
Type of Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name: TVL&-2.&reiMO
Distance from Observer to Discharge
Direction of Observer from Discharge
Height of Observation Point
Description of Background:
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity:
Detached Plume:
Duration of Observation;
Point: 3o'
Point:
L00,(i
0
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Time
Start
0743-
0^1- s
D354-
b$oo
0 So (0
Csc1Cct
09/S"
6 *?
633.L-
Afif i/A.
htf *\ *v~
/DO/
106?
1012)
/oas
/o3'
/5t3?
/w^
Opacity
Sum
7^0
/3o
7(?C?
ol4O
_$
Sf/g
MS
Average
30
5
33
/O
- 0?S
.£-
5 .
5-
/71
?
s
33
3|
10
y
6>
/£"
Set
Number
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
/A3*
/jj.i/V-
19-50
IZST,
!303~
/30^
/33/'
/33?
/3^i
13^1
l^^o
t ^i ft t
1 1/ cr^
/«/«
End
/aV3-
/p-ff1?
/^55"
/5 of
/3o T*-
/3//
/33U
/3^*-
/ 3 4i'
/3 JV
/t/t/jr
MSI
1 ^rS?^
/^ O _«l
Coot
Opacity
Sum
4^0
/?0
/^O
/^O
/?S
SO/lk
1*3
12$
l&o
/2~0
hs
150
On
1 00 /Jo
'VUujjoC £T
p^
Average
/I
5
5"
v5"
^.
5"
5
^T
.5"
§
6-
.5-
f
v iuici"
Sketch Showing How Opacity Varied With Time:
V
NX.'
0
|+te
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: &2-
l(fo£
IU !
is^y
1555
luol
lV>o>
t(«!3
1 U^
it as
lU.il
Ite.J'f-
14,^.3
[t.a5
Opacity
Sum
i^'
lo^O
US
ns
l^s
!!oS
4o5
I q,.-
1 20
J0£T
o?5jT
(?3-
-T&,
\
\
\
<
/^i
thOA
V»^
i
/
^
0
\
\
^
xs
'~~» rt
.lut
(^
Tim
e , I
lour
s
--'
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
6/ic
Discharge:
Date:
Type of Discharge:
Height of Point of
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name:
Distance from Observer to Discharge
Direction of Observer from Discharge
Height of Observation Point: 43'.
Description of Background:
Type of Plant: ^
Location of Discharge: H\jj\f\&Ca
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity:
Detached Plume:
Duration of Observation:
Point: 4O'
Point:
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
-051p-
OS IS
o5<24
OZ3o
G8 3<*
oSM^
DSS?
End
Offl*
OW3
08
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date:
Type o~f Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction: ^_
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name: j). Ct,?.A.r.
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
Oiss
0 ?Oi
QSol-
62li
6S 19
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OS 31
OSSr
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03 Ltt
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0^0'f
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fo if £/ft
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3
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3
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1
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O
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et
( v
O
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Set
Number
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
6155
tool
loo?
loll
(0(1
(os^r
loSI
(oil
(o^i
10*1^
1055
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1 1 '-/S'
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Opacity
Sum
/^0/^|
35O/%i
<2oO/j>,
1 4*5/1*
545
=230/3-3
Ro/it,
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- 435/j,
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51/5
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<^L3-
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Sketch Showing How Opacity Varied With Time:
A .A
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Time, hours
HSf
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: ,
Type o"f Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name: 'jx l#
Distance from Observer
Direction of Observer
Height of Observation
Description of
fu.Arvv-7
uto Discharge
from Discharge
Point: _
Background j ]
45'
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge: _
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity:
Detached Plume:
Duration of Observation:
Point: 3o'
Point:
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
U-o3
/H'f-
End
13.12.
13-11
Opa city
Sum
/2-e
/7S-
Average
S
7
s.t
Number
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
End
Opacity
Sum
Average
Sketch Showing How Opacity Varied With Time:
5
Time, hours
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date:
Type of Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name:"
"ir>fl c
/(OS
lli'i
lierO
/158
'/Ao«r
13 ; /A/o
14
15
16
17
18
19 -
20
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Opacity
Sum
3^'
A/--
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/$£
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150
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jTfS
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<^5'5"
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430
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-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date:
Type of Discharge: .^---_._^^1__i_
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
fuA A
_
Observer's Name: rT>. Sg-Wtc.\c-.
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point:
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 45'
Description of Background:
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge: _
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity: '
Detached Plume:
Duration of Observation:
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
IStt
/5i1
IS4S
1551
155-j-
iboZ
I koq
\lt34
l("3o
Itf2.it
1 'x'4eP
IKS
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1550
1551?
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tlt^l
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Opacity
Sum
51*0
HIS
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ld-5
£9-3
115.
3os~//jL.
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3^0
n^f-
450/i^.
Average
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41
41
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8
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(^
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3?
Set
Number
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
3.0
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
End
Opacity
Sum
Average
Sketch Showing How Opacity Varied With Time:
piM
lo
i/-
IWI
it5b
Time, hours
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
4.AC
Date: _ _
Type of Discharge: . .
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name:
75'
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity:
Detached Plume:
. .w... Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 3o'
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 45* ~~
Description of Background:
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
o?q-i
c "-^^9
0 7 ^>S^
£>£(? /
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A
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0
10
\
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Time, hours
Io5<»
, I3o3
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
fe/?/??
Date:
Type oT Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name
Distance from Observer to Discharge
Direction of Observer from Discharge
Height of Observation Point:
Description of Background:
O.AC
D. Sght'dc.
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity: <_"-.p
Detached Plume:
Duration of Observation
Point: 3QQ'
Point:
- lo
0
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
155'4
lS<-h
IS^L,
155?-
/srs-
/(,£
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date:
Type of Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge: -35'
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name ; "ft , ScJ/Mt-k-
Distance from Observer to Discharge
Direction of Observer from Discharge
Height of Observation Point: 45'
Description of Background: Q
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky: ~
Wind Velocity:
Detached Plume:
Duration of Observation:
Point:
Point:
i ^
i v\gv
o
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
1330
tb*-b
/33JU
/33<»'
/ 3
44
, ^
\t
Set
Number
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
End
Opacity
Sum
Average
Sketch
?/h6wing
How Opacity Varied With Time
X
ItW
Time, hours
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
fl/V /-'
Date: ^
Type of Discharge ,
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name:
75'
Type of Plant:
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity:
Detached Plume:"
T>.
^. ,^, ,-..,_ Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: %£>'
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 46r'
Description of Background: Buli?r.
J
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
0?O3-
dfos
6?/'r
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6? 3S
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130
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Oca
CL
o
v
0
OSO?-
Time hours
UOl
-------
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
h /??
OAC
Date:
Type of Discharge:
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction:
Color of Plume:
Observer's Name:
Type of Plant: _______
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky: n/i
Wind Velocity: '
Detached Plume:
0
,__, Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 3>Oo'
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: Atou/y\cl (£U./fcft
Description of Background: °
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Time
Start
r^cD
I2cb
13-13-
13-12
End
IA OS
12 11
121?-
12 £3
Opacity
Sum
IIS
°to
60
£o
Average
8
f
3
1
Set
Number
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Time
Start
End
Opacity
Sum
Average
Sketch Showing How Opacity Varied With Time:
rl
O
P.1
O
\
-------
APPENDIX D
TIME-LOG OF MELTING ACTIVITIES
-------
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