WRSIC 72 - 211
LAKE MICHIGAN
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
OFFICE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240
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United States Department of the Interior
OFFICE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
WASHINGTON. D. C. 20240
RECEIVED
OCT / 1972
ENYIROKTAL PROfECllBH AfihlCl
LIBRARY, REGION V
Dear Sir:
Using its computer-retrieval program, the Water Resources
Scientific Information Center of the Office of Water Resources
Research has produced the enclosed topical bibliography for
the benefit of the water resources community. This biblio-
graphy and those listed inside the front cover are the first
of a series designed to exploit the Center's rapidly expanding
information base. As the comprehensiveness of this information
base increases, it is expected that the production of periodic
bibliographies on the more urgent topics in the water resources
field will increase.
We will appreciate any comments you might care to make regarding
improvements, -usefulness, timeliness, and coverage. We would
also welcome suggestions for additional topics to be considered
for this type of treatment.
Sincerely yours,
H. Garland Hershey
Director
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WRSIC 72-211
August 1972
LAKE MICHIGAN
A Bibliography
CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY (white pages) 1
SIGNIFICANT DESCRIPTOR INDEX (blue pages) 2U3
AUTHOR INDEX (green pages) 263
ProtectfOB
Library, Region V
1 lopth Wa.ck©r ErlV§
Chicago, IllifiOift 6G606
Water Resources Scientific Information Center
Office of Water Resources Research
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Washington D.C. 20240
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NTRODUCTION
LAKE MICHIGAN is another in a series of planned
bibliographies in water resources to be produced wholly
from the information base comprising only SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS (SWRA). At the time of search for
this bibliography, the data base had U2/920 abstracts
covering SWRA through June 15, 1972 (Volume 5, Number
12).
ARRANGEMENT
Bib!iography (white pages)
Abstracts
ascend i ng
with full
ACCESSION
bibl iographic
NUMBER order.
deta i1s are 1isted
i n
Significant Descriptor Index (blue pages)
This index is made up of a fraction of the total
descriptors and Identifiers by which each paper in this
bibliography has been indexed. It represents weighted
terms that best describe the information content; this
status is indicated by the asterisks which precede them.
Author Index (green pages)
All authors are indexed; each is
instead of to the accession number.
keyed to the page,
USING THE INDEX
Having thought of a few keywords describing your subject
matter interest, scan the middle rank for their presence.
Then note the number on the right margin. This number
locates the full record in the bibliography section which
is arranged in ascending ACCESSION NUMBER order.
i i i
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Some of the documents are shown to be available from the
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Virginia 22151; please cite the PB number when ordering.
Other reports may be obtained from publishers or from
local libraries on loan or in reproduction.
i v
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EUTROPHICATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE GREAT LAKESt
US BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIESt ANN ARBOR, MICH.
ALFRED M. BEETON.
LIMNOL QCEANOGRt VOL 10, PP 240-254, JUL 1968. 15 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *FISH POPULATIONS, *EUTROPHICATION, *CHEMICAL PROPERTIES,
NUTRIENTS, LAKES, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, OLIGOTROPHY, SUMMER,
CLASSIFICATION, LAKE HURON, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE ONTARIO,
LAKE ERIE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYPOLIMNION, PLANKTON.
IDENTIFIERS:
*ACCELERATED EUTROPHICATION, MAN'S EFFECTS, MESOTROPHY.
ABSTRACT:
LAKES HURON, MICHIGAN, AND SUPERIOR ARE CLASSIFIED AS OLIGOTROPHIC
LAKES ON THE BASIS OF THEIR BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS. LAKE MICHIGAN TRENDS TOWARD MESOTROPHY AS SHOWN BY THE
HIGH CONTENT OF DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN ITS WATERS. LAKE ONTARIO IS
MESOTROPHIC IN THAT IT RETAINS THE BIOTA OF AN OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE
BECAUSE OF ITS LARGE DEEP-WATER AREA BUT HAS THE NUTRIENT RICHNESS OF A
EUTROIC LAKE. LAKE ERIE, THE MOST PRODUCTIVE OF THE LAKES AND THE
SHALLOWEST, IS EUTROPHIC. SEVERAL CHANGES COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH
EUTROPHICATION IN SMALL LAKES HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN THE GREAT LAKES,
CHANGES THAT APPARENTLY REFLECT ACCELERATED EUTROPHICATION IN THE GREAT1
LAKES BECAUSE OF MAN'S ACTIVITY. CHEMICAL DATA COMPILED FROM NUMEROUS
SOURCES, DATING BACK TO 1854, INDICATE A PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN THE
CONCENTRATIONS OF MAJOR IONS AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, PARTICULARLY
CHLORIDES AND SULFATES, IN ALL OF THE LAKES EXCEPT LAKE SUPERIOR. THE
PLANKTON HAS CHANGED SOMEWHAT IN LAKE MICHIGAN, AND THE PLANKTON,
BENTHOS, AND FISH POPULATIONS OF LAKE ERIE NOW DIFFER GREATLY FROM
THOSE OF THE PAST. RECENTLY AN EXTENSIVE AREA OF HYPOLIMNETIC WATER OF
LAKE ERIE HAS DEVELOPED LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN LATE
SUMMER.
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W68-00247
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PLANKTON STUDIES OF LAKE MICHIGAN. 2. THIRTY-THREE YEARS OF CONTINUOUS PLANKTON
AND COLIFORM BACTERIA DATA COLLECTED FROM LAKE MICHIGAN AT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,
DEPT. OF BOTANY, EASTERN ILL. UNIV., CHARLESTON, ILL.
K. E. DAMANN.
TRANS AMER MICR SOC, VOL 79, PP 397-404, 1960. 8 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, PLANKTON, *LAKE MICHIGAN, GREAT LAKES, LAKES, AQUATIC
BACTERIA, *ON-SITE DATA COLLECTIONS, SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, *BIORHYTHMS,
COLIFORMS, *AQUATIC POPULATIONS.
IDENTIFIERS:
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS.
ABSTRACT:
IN HIS STUDIES OF THE BACTERIA AND PLANKTON POPULATIONS IN THE WATERS
OF LAKE MICHIGAN AT CHICAGO, ILL, THE AUTHOR FOUND THAT THERE IS AN
APPARENT PERIODICITY IN THE TOTAL PLANKTON IN WHICH 2 YEARS OF 'LOW'
PLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY WERE FOLLOWED BY 2 YEARS OF 'HIGH' PRODUCTIVITY.
' THIS CYCLIC PATTERN LASTED FROM 1926-27 THROUGH 1940-41, OR THROUGH 7
COMPLETE 2-YR CYCLES, BEFORE A CHANGE OCCURRED. STUDIES SHOWED THAT
BACTERIA COUNTS FOLLOW CLOSELY THE TOTAL-PLANKTON CURVE BUT WITH A TIME
LAG. THE PLANKTERS MIGHT BE A GROWTH MEDIUM FOR THE INDIGENOUS BACTERIA
RATHER THAN FOR COLIFORM BACTERIA INTRODUCED INTO THE WATER. THE
ANALYSIS OVER A 33-YR PERIOD (1926 THROUGH 1958) SHOWED THAT THE
STANDING PLANKTON POPULATION INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY BY AN AVERAGE OF
13 PLUS OR MINUS 4.6 ORGAN I SMS/ML/YR; THE AVERAGE ANNUAL PLANKTON
POPULATION WAS 1,086 ORGANISMS/ML (MAX IN 1945 AND MINIMUM IN 1931).
THE AVERAGE COLIFORM COUNT WAS 47 (MAX IN 1942, MINIMUM IN 1950 AND
1952). THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT POLLUTION, AS INDICATED BY COLIFORM
BACTERIA, LACKS A DIRECT LINEAR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE INCREASING TREND
OF PLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY IN LAKE MICHIGAN.
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W68-00467
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EVIDENCE FOR THE EUTROPHICATION OF LAKE ERIE FROM PHYTOPLANKTON RECORDS,
DEPT. OF BIOLOGY, WESTERN RESERVE UNIV., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
C. C. DAVIS.
LIMNOL AND OCEANOGR, VOL 9, PP 275-283, 1964. 9 P, 6 FIG, 1 TAB, 29 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, LAKES, *PHYTOPLANKTON, HISTORY, SEASONAL,
ASTERIONELLA, MOLOSIRA, CYCLOTELLA, FRAGILARIA, PLANKTON, TABELLARIA,
SYNEDRA, *LAKE ERIE, LAKE MICHIGAN, GREAT LAKES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
AQUATIC ALGAE, AQUATIC POPULATIONS, LIMNOLOGY.
IDENTIFIERS:
*SEASONAL CHANGES, PLANT POPULATIONS, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS.
ABSTRACT:
LONG-TERM RECORDS INDICATE THAT THERE HAS BEEN INCREASINGLY RAPID
EUTROPHICATION OF THE WATER IN LAKE ERIE. COMPLETE RECORDS OF CELL
COUNTS OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN WATER SAMPLES TAKEN FROM THE DIVISION AVE
FILTRATION PLANT OF THE CLEVELAND DIV OF WATER AND HEAT WERE RECORDED
FOR 25 FULL YEARS SINCE 1919 AND FOR 7 ADDITIONAL PARTIAL YEARS IN THAT
SAME INTERVAL. THE INCREASE IN THE AVERAGE QUANTITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON
HAS BEEN CONSISTENT, AND RANGES FROM COUNTS OF LESS THAN 500 CELLS/ML
IN THE EARLY YEARS OF RECORD TO MORE RECENT COUNTS OF 1500 OR MORE
CELLS/ML. SPRING AND FALL PHYTOPLANKTON PEAKS WERE NOT HIGH AND DID NOT
EXTEND OVER MANY DAYS IN 1927, BUT THE PEAKS IN 1962 ROSE TO MUCH
GREATER HEIGHTS IN TERMS OF CELLS/ML AND EACH ONE EXTENDED OVER SEVERAL
MONTHS. GRAPHS SHOW THE WINTER MINIMA TO BE SHORT-LIVED IN THE LATER
YEARS OF RECORD AND THAT FAILED TO DEVELOP IN SOME OF THEM.
PHYTOPLANKTON GENERA REPRESENTED IN LAKE ERIE WATERS HAVE ALSO ALTERED
IN THIS INTERVAL: THE SPRING PULSES HAVE CHANGED FROM A PREDOMINANCE
ASTERIONELLA TO ONE OF MELOSIRA WITH SOME CYCLOTELLA, FRAGILARIA, AND
TABELLARIA; THE FALL PULSES HAVE SHIFTED FROM SYNEDRA TO MELOSIRA, AND
FINALLY, TO FRAGILARIA.
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W68-00476
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GREAT LAKES LIMNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS,
A. M. BEETON.
UNIV OF MICH, GREAT LAKES RES DIV PUB, VOL 4, PP 123-128, 1960. 6 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, GREAT LAKES, *LAKE ERIE, LAKE HURON, LAKE MICHIGAN,
LAKE SUPERIOR, *FISH POPULATIONS, LAKES, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, WATER
TEMPERATURE, BENTHIC FAUNA, MAYFLIES, *OXYGEN SAG, THERMAL
STRATIFICATION, TUBIFICIDS, MIDGES, CADDISFLIES, LAKE TROUT, LAMPREYS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, SEASONAL, BAYS, REVIEWS.
IDENTIFIERS:
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
ABSTRACT:
STUDIES OF LAKE ERIE FOR THE PAST 30 YR INDICATE THAT EUTROPHICATION IS
ACCELERATING. THE LAKE HAS CHANGED FROM ONE THAT SUPPORTED A LARGE COLD
WATER FISH POPULATION, DEMANDING A HIGH OXYGEN CONTENT, INTO ONE
DOMINATED BY WARM WATER SPECIES ADAPTED TO HIGHER TEMPERATURES AND
LOWER OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS. MAJOR CHANGES HAVE ALSO TAKEN PLACE IN ITS
BOTTOM FAUNA. PRIOR TO SUMMER 1953, THE MAYFLY LARVAE AVERAGED ABOUT
400/SQ M OF LAKE BOTTOM; A LONG CALM IN SUMMER 1953 PRODUCED A THERMAL
STRATIFICATION THAT SEVERELY DEPLETED OXYGEN IN THE BOTTOM WATERS,
FOLLOWING WHICH THERE WERE ONLY 44 LIVE MAYFLY LARVAE/SQ M. CADDISFLY
LARVAE, ONCE ABUNDANT, AVERAGED LESS THAN I/SO M IN 1957. TUBIFICIDS
INCREASED FROM 12/SQ M IN 1929 TO 551/SQ M IN 1957, AND MIDGE LARVAE
FROM 56/SQ M IN 1929 TO 299/SQ M. LAKE ERIE IS THE MOST CHANGED OF THE
GREAT LAKES. THE TROUT POPULATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN WAS RAPIDLY DEPLETED
RECENTLY, BUT THE LOSS LARGELY RESULTED FROM LA.MPREY PREDATION. LAKE
SUPERIOR SHOWS SURPRISING UNIFORMITY OF CHEMICAL CONDITIONS BOTH
AREALLY AND BATHYMETRICALLY. OXYGEN SATURATION OCCURS EVEN IN THE
DEEPEST WATERS OF LAKES HURON, MICHIGAN, AND SUPERIOR, ALTHOUGH
CONCENTRATIONS ARE REDUCED IN GREEN BAY AND SAGINAW BAY; CERTAIN AREAS
OF LAKE ERIE ARE CHARACTERIZED BY LOW CONCENTRATIONS. (BYRNE-WISC)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W68-00683
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TURNER SUBDIVISION PROPERTY OWNERS ASSN V SCHNEIDER (LAKE 'BANK' AS A BOUNDARY).
144 N W 20 848-850 (CT APP MICH 1966).
DESCRIPTORS:
*RIPARIAN LAND, RIPARIAN RIGHTS, BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), HIGH WATER MARK,
EASEMENTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, MEANDERS, BANKS, BEACHES, RECREATION, SHORES,
WATER LAW, LEGAL ASPECTS, LAKES.
ABSTRACT:
THE QUESTION INVOLVED THE MEANING OF LANGUAGE IN A DEED DESCRIBING THE
DEFENDANT'S LOT AS RUNNING IN PART TO THE BANK OF LAKE MICHIGAN, THENCE
ALONG THE BANK OF LAKE MICHIGAN WITH ALL RIPARIAN RIGHTS PERTAINING
THERETO. THE PLAINTIFF'S LAND WAS DESCRIBED IN AN EARLIER DEED AS
RUNNING TO THE LAKE SHORE AT HIGH WATER AND THENCE ALONG THE LAKE SHORE
AT HIGH WATER. THE PLAINTIFF SOUGHT TO ENJOIN THE DEFENDANT FROM
INTERFERING WITH PLAINTIFF'S USE OF THE BEACH. THE DEFENDANT CONTENDED
THAT HIS DEED CONVEYED SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE OWNERSHIP OF THE BEACH OR IN
THE ALTERNATIVE AN EXCLUSIVE EASEMENT OVER THE BEACH. THE COURT HELD
THAT THE DEFENDANT'S LAND ONLY EXTENDED TO THE BANK AND NOT TO THE
WATER AND THE USE OF THE TERM 'RIPARIAN RIGHTS' WAS A MISNOMER. WHOEVER
OWNS LAND IN CONTACT WITH THE WATER IS THE TRUE RIPARIAN OWNER AND THE
WORDS 'RIPARIAN RIGHTS' IN THIS CASE MEAN THAT THE DEFENDANT HAS ONLY
AN EASEMENT APPURTENANT FOR THE RIGHT OF ENJOYMENT OF BEACH USES ON THE
LAND BELOW HIS PROPERTY. (HORNER-FLA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W68-00779
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FEASIBILITY STUDY OF QUANTITATIVE RADAR MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION ON LAKE
MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS UNIV, URBANA.
STANLEY A. CHANGNON, JR., AND FLOYD A. HUFF.
UNIV ILLINOIS WATER RESOUR CENTER, FINAL REP, JUNE 1966. 18 P, 3 FIG, 3 TAB,
16 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
WATER YIELD, HYDROLOGIC BUDGET, LAKE MICHIGAN, COMPUTER MODELS,
METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, LAKE BASINS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, RADAR,
APPROXIMATION METHOD, CLIMATIC DATA, PRECIPITATIONIATMOSPHER1C).
ABSTRACT:
THIS REPORT DESCRIBES RESEARCH AND FINDINGS OF A 1-YR PROJECT PRIMARILY
DIRECTED TOWARD USE OF RADAR TO OBTAIN ACCURATE ESTIMATES OF PRESENTLY
UNMEASURED PRECIPITATION OVER LAKE MICHIGAN. DETAILED CLIMATOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO OBTAIN GENERALIZED ESTIMATES OF MEAN ANNUAL
AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION TO DETERMINE REASONABLE EXPLANATIONS FOR
MEAN PRECIPITATION PATTERNS DERIVED. RESULTS SERVED TO EVALUATE NEED
FOR A FUTURE RADAR-INSTRUMENTED PROJECT. ONE OF 2 RADAR TECHNIQUES
STUDIED SHOWED PROMISE FOR ACCURATELY MEASURING LAKE PRECIPITATION ON A
SEASONAL BASIS. THIS IS BASED ON AN INTERPOLATION OF RADAR-INDICATED
PRECIPITATION USING RAINGAGE DATA FROM BOTH SIDES OF THE LAKE TO
CALIBRATE THE RADAR. DATA FROM 19 RAIN PERIODS ON 2 DENSE RAINGAGE
NETWORKS WERE USED TO EVALUATE THE 2 RADAR TECHNIQUES. CLIMATOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS OF LAKE PRECIPITATION WAS BASED ON WIDESPREAD AND LONG-TERM
LAND DATA, ISLAND STATION DATA, AND NEW INFORMATION FROM RECENT
RESEARCH ON HOW THE LAKE AFFECTS THE PRECIPI TAT.I ON PROCESSES.
FIELD 02B, 07B
ACCESSION NO. W68-01011
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EUTROPHICATION IS BEGINNING IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
A. F. BARTSCH.
WATER AND WASTE ENGt VOL 5, NO 9, PP 84-87, SEPT 1968. 4 P, 3 FIG, 1 TAB, 3
REF. '
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, ALGAE, NUISANCE ALGAE, PLANKTON,
BENTHIC FAUNA, SLUDGE WORMS, BLOODWORMS, WATER POLLUTION.
IDENTIFIERS:
ACCELERATED EUTROPHICATION.
ABSTRACT:
A STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL STATUS OF LAKE
MICHIGAN REVEALS SOME EARLY SYMPTOMS OF ACCELERATED EUTROPHICATION. IN
THE OFFSHORE AREAS, TWO CHANGES IN SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ZOOPLANKTON
WERE SEEN. BOSMIA LONGIROSTRIS REPLACED B. COREGONI , AND DIAPTOMUS
OREGONENIS HAS APPEARED. BOTTOM-DWELLING ANIMAL POPULATIONS HAVE
INCREASED MARKEDLY. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS INCREASED 30 MG PER L IN THE
LAST NINETY YEARS, SULFATE 13 MG PER L, AND CHLORIDE 6 MG PER L.
BETWEEN 1955 AND 1966, OXYGEN CONTENT DECREASED SLIGHTLY. IN THE
INSHORE AREAS, CHANGES ARE DRASTIC. ATTACHED AND FLOATING ALGAE,
INCLUDING LARGE GROWTHS OF CLADOPHORA, ARE FREQUENTLY AT NUISANCE
LEVELS. AT GREEN BAY, PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION VARIES FROM 0.07-0.6 MG
PER L, AND IN MILWAUKEE HARBOR IT AVERAGES 0.44 MG PER L AND IS
SOMETIMES AS HIGH 1.4 MG PER L. A SHIFT OF BOTTOM POPULATIONS TO DENSE
CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTION-TOLERANT SPECIES SUCH AS BLOODWORMS AND
SLUDGE WORMS HAS OCCURRED. LAKE MICHIGAN'S RETENTION OF NITROGEN IS
AND OF PHOSPHATE, 95*, SO THE PROBLEM WILL NOT BE SOLVED QUICKLY BY
ELIMINATING INPUT. IMMEDIATE CONTROL OF NUTRIENT INPUT IS, HOWEVER,
NECESSARY TO PREVENT FURTHER DETERIORATION. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W68-01244
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PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY OF LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN,
ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY, URBANA, ILLINOIS.
STANLEY A. CHANGNON, JR.
ILL STATE WATER SURVEY BULL 52, URBANA, 1968. 46 P, 40 FIG, 17 TAB, 49 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*CLIMATOLOGY, *PRECIPITATION(ATMOSPHERIC), *STORMS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*WEATHER PATTERNS, SYNOPTIC ANALYSIS, WEATHER, WEATHER DATA, LAKES,
LAKE BREEZES, THERMAL PROPERTIES, SNOW, RAIN, HUMIDITY, CLIMATES,
ENVIRONMENT.
IDENTIFIERS:
*PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY, LAKE-BASIN CLIMATOLOGY.
ABSTRACT:
A DETAILED CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY SHOWS THAT THE AVERAGE ANNUAL
PRECIPITATION OVER LAKE MICHIGAN IS 6* LESS THAN THAT OVER THE LAND
PORTION OF THE BASIN. ON THE AVERAGE THE BASIN RECEIVES 700 BILLION GAL
LESS THAN IF THE AVERAGE LAKE PRECIPITATION WERE THE SAME AS THAT OVER
' THE. LAND AREAS. LAKE EFFECTS SUPPRESS SUMMER THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY BY
20% OVER THE SOUTHERN END OF THE LAKE, BUT INCREASE FALL ACTIVITY BY
5035. THERE ARE 400* MORE FALL HAIL DAYS OVER THE LAKE THAN IN
SURROUNDING AREAS. THE LAKE ALSO CAUSED 25 TO 100* MORE SNOWFALL AND
DAYS OF HEAVY SNOW ALONG THE EASTERN SHORE THAN ALONG THE WESTERN
SHORE. AVERAGE ANNUAL SNOWFALL IS 33% GREATER ON THE EAST THAN THE WEST
SIDE. THUNDERSTORM PRECIPITATION AVERAGES 10* HIGHER ON THE WEST THAN
THE EAST SHORE. AVERAGE LAKE PRECIPITATION IN SUMMER IS 8.4 IN., 14%
LOWER THAN THE SURROUNDING AREA. AVERAGE WINTER. LAKE PRECIPITATION IS
5.4 IN., 4% HIGHER THAN THE SURROUNDING LAND AREA. SPRING PRECIPITATION
IS 7.4 IN., 7* LESS THAN THE SURROUNDINGS, AND FALL PRECIPITATION 8.4
IN., EQUAL TO THE LAND AVERAGE. THE LAKE ANNUAL AVERAGE PRECIPITATION
IS LOWESTLESS THAN 27 IN. IN THE WEST-CENTRAL PART, AND HIGHEST IN
THE SOUTHEAST AND NORTHEAST. THE LAKE AVERAGE PRECIPITATION IS 29.6 IN.
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02B
ACCESSION NO. W68-01254
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DIVERSION OF LAKE MICHIGAN WATERS,
DETROIT UNIV.
PAUL L. ADAMS.
U OF DETROIT L Jt VOL 37, NO 1, PP 149-156, OCT 1959. 8 P, 6 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN? GREAT LAKES, POLITICAL ASPECTS, SEWERAGE, SEWAGE
DISPOSAL, LEGISLATION, *PERMITS, ILLINOIS, DIVERSION STRUCTURES,
DITCHES, LEGISLATION, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, *1NTERNATIONAL WATERS.
ABSTRACT:
THIS ARTICLE CONCERNS THE CHICAGO WATER DIVERSION CONTROVERSY WHICH
BEGAN BETWEEN 1892 AND 1900, WHEN CHICAGO DECIDED TO INITIATE A SEWAGE
DISPOSAL PROGRAM, REQUIRING THE DIVERSION OF LAKE MICHIGAN WATERS.
PREVIOUS PERMITS FROM THE SECRETARY OF WAR AUTHORIZED CHICAGO TO DIVERT
4,167 C.F.S. OF WATER. ITS REQUEST FOR 10,000 C.F.S. WAS DENIED. AN
INJUNCTION SOUGHT BY THE UNITED STATES TO LIMIT CHICAGO'S DIVERSIONS TO
THE ORIGINAL PERMITS WAS GRANTED AND UPHELD IN THE SUPREME COURT. WHEN
THE NEXT SECRETARY OF WAR GRANTED A TEMPORARY PERMIT TO DIVERT 8,500
C.F.S., VARIOUS STATES JOINED IN AN ORIGINAL SUIT IN THE U.S. SUPREME
COURT TO ENJOIN ILLINOIS AND THE CHICAGO SANITARY DISTRICT, FROM
CONTINUING THE DIVERSION. THE COURT HELD THAT THE SECRETARY HAD ACTED
OUTSIDE HIS AUTHORITY AND ENTERED A DECREE REQUIRING GRADUAL REDUCTIONS
IN THE DIVERSIONS. COMPLIANCE WITH THIS DECREE WAS RELUCTANT AND
INCOMPLETE. TWO BILLS ALLOWING INCREASED DIVERSIONS WERE PASSED BY
CONGRESS BUT BOTH WERE VETOED. THE GREAT LAKES STATES ALSO BEGAN A SUIT
TO REQUIRE ILLINOIS TO RETURN THE USED WATER TO LAKE MICHIGAN. THE SUIT
WAS STILL PENDING WHEN THIS ARTICLE WAS WRITTEN. STEPS TO THWART
DIVERSIONS BY OTHER ILLINOIS TOWNS ARE RELATED.
FIELD 05E
ACCESSION NO. W68-01380
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MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION OVER LAKE MICHIGAN?
ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY, URBANAo
STANLEY A. CHANGNON, JRo* AND FLOYD A. HUFF.
OWRR PROJECT A-012-ILL, REPRINT SER 65, PP 235-248, 1966. 14 P, 3 FIG? 4 TAB?
20 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
BIBLIOGRAPHIES? *ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION, *MEASUREMENT,
*PRECIPITATION(ATMOSPHERIC>9 *RAINFALL9 RADAR, INSTRUMENTATION? RAIN
GAGES, *LAKE MICHIGAN.
ABSTRACT:
THE INCREASING NEED FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF PRECIPITATION OVER
LAKE MICHIGAN LED TO INVESTIGATIONS OF RADAR AND CLIMATOLOGICAL METHODS
OF MEASUREMENT. ONE RADAR METHOD USED DENSE RAIN GAGE NETWORKS AND
10-CM RADARS TO EVALUATE THE ABILITY OF RADAR TO MEASURE ACCURATELY THE
PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF WARM SEASON RAINFALL WITH DISTANCE. LONG-TERM MEAN
PERCENTAGE CHANGES COULD BE USED TO COMPILE ESTIMATES OF LAKE RAINFALL
BY COMPARING THE AVERAGE CHANGES WITH LAND PRECIPITATION DATA. THIS
METHOD PRODUCED UNACCEPTABLE ERRORS. ANOTHER RADAR METHOD INVOLVED
ADJUSTING THE RADAR-INDICATED RAINFALL WITH SHORELINE RAIN GAGE DATA
FOR EACH RAIN, THUS MINIMIZING INHERENT ERRORS RESULTING FROM
VARIATIONS OF RADAR REFLECTIVITY. BY THIS METHOD, WARM SEASON RAINFALL
OVER CERTAIN PORTIONS OF THE LAKE COULD BE MEASURED WITH AN ACCURACY OF
2% OF A LONG-TERM OPERATIONAL BASIS. DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIATED WITH RADAR
MEASUREMENTS OF WINTER SEASON PRECIPITATION, PLUS EXORBITANT COSTS OF
RAIN GAGE AND RADAR FACILITIES MADE THIS METHOD UNFEASIBLE. MEAN
OVERLAKE SUMMER RAINFALL? ESTIMATED USING CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
METHODS APPEARS TO BE REASONABLY ACCURATE SINCE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM POSSIBLE ESTIMATED AVERAGE AMOUNTS OVER THE
LAKE IS SMALLo .
FIELD 02B, 07B
ACCESSION NO. W69-00406
10
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BIOTIC RESPONSE TO POLLUTION REDUCTION IN A RIVER,
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV., EAST LANSING.
ALLEN W. KNIGHT, AND GEORGE H. LAUFF.
W K KELLOGG BIOLOGY STA REP, 1967. 56 P, 10 FIG, 16 TAB, 14 REF. OWRR PROJECT
A-010-MICH.
DESCRIPTORS:
*STREAM POLLUTION, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, RIVERS, WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL, SLUDGE WORMS, SLUDGE, AQUATIC LIFE* LAKE MICHIGAN, DISSOLVED
OXYGEN.
ABSTRACT:
A STUDY OF THE KALAMAZOO RIVER WAS CONDUCTED TO ASCERTAIN CONDITIONS
EXISTING PRIOR TO INITIATION OF A POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROGRAM. THE
RIVER WAS FOUND TO BE GROSSLY POLLUTED IN A 20-MI STRETCH BELOW THE
CITY OF KALAMAZOO. DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER AND IN
EXTENSIVE SILT ACCUMULATIONS FREQUENTLY DEPLETED THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN
FOR 20 MI OR MORE. SEWAGE FUNGUS COVERED THE SURFACE OF SLUDGE DEPOSITS
AND STATIONARY OBJECTS IN THE WATER WHILE EXTENSIVE NUMBERS OF SLUDGE
WORMS FREQUENTLY OCCURRED AS RED FRINGE ALONG THE RIVER MARGINS. ONLY A
FEW OF THE MORE TOLERANT MACRO INVERTEBRATES AND FISH OCCURRED IN THE
VERY POLLUTED ZONE. IN LOWER REACHES OF THE RIVER CONSIDERABLE
SELF-PURIFICATION WAS ACCOMPLISHED AND A RETURN OF MANY OF THE
MACROINVERTEBRATES AND GAME FISH WAS NOTED. THE RIVER PRIOR TO ITS
DISCHARGE INTO LAKE MICHIGAN HAS ACCOMPLISHED CONSIDERABLE
SELF-PURIFICATION BUT CARRIED A LARGE LOAD OF SUSPENDED AND DISSOLVED
MATERIALS INTO LAKE MICHIGAN.
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W69-00631
11
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STRONTIUM ISOTOPE COMPOSITION AND TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN LAKE HURON
AND ITS PRINCIPAL TRIBUTARIES.
OHIO STATE UNIVt COLUMBUS.
GUNTER FAURE, LOIS M. JONES, AND RENE EASTIN.
REP 2, DEPT OF GEOL, AUG 1967. 109 P, 21 FIGt 20 TAB, 28 REF. OWRR PROJECT
B-004-OHIO.
DESCRIPTORS:
GEOCHEMISTRY, BEDROCK, SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY, GREAT LAKES, MINERALOGY,
RADIOISOTOPES, STRONTIUM RAD 101SOTOPES, LAKE HURON, TRACE ELEMENTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
BEDROCK COMPOSITION.
ABSTRACT:
CONCENTRATIONS OF THE MAJOR CATIONS: NA, K, CA, AND MG AND SR WERE
DETERMINED FOR 64 SAMPLES OF SURFACE WATER FROM LAKE HURON AND FOR 17
OF ITS MAJOR TRIBUTARY RIVERS. ISOIOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF STRONTIUM WERE
MEASURED FOR 30 SAMPLES OF LAKE WATER AND FOR 13 OF TRIBUTARY RIVERS.
CONCENTRATIONS OF DISSOLVED IRON AND TOTAL PHOSPHORUS WERE DETERMINED
FOR A SMALL SUITE OF LAKE AND RIVER WATER. THE DATA DOCUMENTS IMPORTANT
DIFFERENCES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF .WATER DISCHARGED INTO LAKE
HURON BY LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE MICHIGAN AND TRIBUTARY RIVERS. THESE
DIFFERENCES ARE RELATED TO DIFFERENCES IN THE CHEMICAL AND
MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BEDROCK UNDERLYING THE GREAT LAKES
DRAINAGE BASIN. THE STRONTIUM CONTRIBUTED TO LAKE HURON BY WATER
DRAINING THE CANADIAN SHIELD ALONG ITS NORTHERN SHORE IS ENRICHED IN
RADIOGENIC STRONTIUM 87. THE AVERAGE STRONTIUM ,87/STRONTIUM 86 RATIO IS
0.718. THE RIVERS DRAINING SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF MICHIGAN AND SW ONTARIO
CONTRIBUTE STRONTIUM WHOSE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION IS SIMILAR TO THAT IN
THE MODERN OCEANS. A GEOCHEMICAL MODEL IS PRESENTED REPRESENTING THE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATER IN LAKE HURON.
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-01139
12
-------
GEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV., INST. OF SCIENCE AND
TECH.
JACK L. HOUGH.
PART OF "FINAL REPORT OF USPHS GRANT WP-OOSII. SPEC REP NO 30 OF GREAT LAKES
RES DIV, PP 228-246, 1967. 19 P, 12 FIG, 1 TAB, 2 REF. ONR-104-818.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *TOPOGRAPHY, *GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS, *LAKE BEDS,
CORES, DREDGING, MAPS, SEDIMENTS, SEISMIC STUDIES, RADIOACTIVE DATING,
LAKE STAGES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*BEDROCK FRAMEWORK, SUB-BOTTOM PROFILES, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS.
ABSTRACT:
THE TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE BOTTOM OF LAKE MICHIGAN WERE STUDIED
BY SOUNDING, SEISMIC PROFILING, AND DREDGING SAMPLES. A TOPOGRAPHIC
ATLAS CONSISTING OF FOUR SECTION MAPS, SCALE 1:120,000 ARE PUBLISHED,
AND QUADRANGLES OF SCALE 1:31,680 WERE CONSTRUCTED FOR THIS STUDY. A
3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF THE LAKE BASIN IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION. CORE
SAMPLES WERE TAKEN TO INVESTIGATE SEDIMENTS IN THE UPPER FEW FT OF THE
BOTTOM WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON LEARNING ABOUT LATE GLACIAL TO
RECENT DEPOSITIONAL CHANGES, PARTICULARLY CHANGES RESULTING FROM HUMAN
ACTIVITY. STUDY OF THE CORES SHOWS THAT THE LAKES WAS RELATIVELY BARREN
UNTIL A SLIGHT DEGREE OF EUTROPHICATION BEGAN JUST BEFORE CIVILIZED MAN
REACHED THE AREA, AND EUTROPHI CATION HAS CONTINUED UNTIL THE PRESENT.
ALMOST NO EVIDENCE OF CIVILIZATION CAN BE SEEN .IN CORE SAMPLES. CORE
LOGS ALSO SHOW A LOW WATER STAGE BETWEEN 10,000 AND 4,200 YEARS AGO,
WHEN THE WATER SURFACE WAS 350 FT BELOW PRESENT LAKE LEVEL. RADIOCARBON
DATING OF BOTTOM MATERIALS IS IN PROGRESS. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION.NO. W69-01619
-13
-------
COMPARISON OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE FIVE GREAT LAKESt
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV., INST. OF SCIENCE AND
TECH.
ANDREW ROBERTSON, AND CHARLES F. POWERS.
PART OF "FINAL REPT. OF USPHS GRANT wp-oo3ii. MICHIGAN UNIV SPEC NO 30 OF THE
GREAT LAKES RES DIV PP 1-18, 1967. 18 P, 7 TAB, 3 FIG, 22 REF. ONR-104-818,
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, *GREAT LAKES, NUTRIENTS, PLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON,
PRODUCTIVITY, SURFACE WATERS, WATER QUALITY, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, ORGANIC
MATTER, BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER, MACROBENTHOS.
ABSTRACT:
PARTICULATE AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER WERE MEASURED IN ALL 5 OF THE
GREAT LAKES AND THE BIOMASS OF ZOOPLANKTON AND MACROBENTHOS WERE
MEASURED IN THE UPPER 3 LAKES. IN GENERAL, TOTAL ORGANIC MATTER
INCREASES IN THE ORDER, SUPERIOR, HURON, MICHIGAN, ERIE, ONTARIO, THE
SAME ORDER AS SHOWN BY TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND TOTAL DISSOLVED
ORGANIC MATTER. THIS MAY ALSO REPRESENT THEIR RELATIVE STATES OF
EUTROPHICATION. DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT IN THE SURFACE WATERS
IS 2.22-2.98 MG/1 IN LAKE SUPERIOR, 2.52-2.91 MG/1 IN LAKE HURON,
3.24-5.81 MG/1 IN LAKE MICHIGAN, 5.82-6.01 MG/1 IN LAKE ERIE, AND
5.85-6.53 MG/1 IN LAKE ONTARIO. THE PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER IS MUCH
GREATER THAN THE AMOUNTS OF ZOOPLANKTON AND MACROBENTHOS. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W69-01620
14
-------
WATER QUALITY AND EUTROPHICATION TRENDS IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV., INST. OF SCIENCE AND
TECH.
CHARLES F. POWERS, AND JOHN C. AYERS.
PART OF FINAL REPORT OF USPHS GRANT WP-00311. MICHIGAN UNIV SPEC NO 30 OF
GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 142-178, 1967. 37 P, 6 TAB, 10 FIG, 14 REF.
ONR-104-818.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DATA COLLECTIONS, *CHEMICAL ANALYSES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *EUTROPHICAT ION,
WATER QUALITY, SILICA, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, SULFATES, CHLORIDES,
PHOSPHORUS, NITRATES, BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*MACROBENTHOS, CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, GRAND RAPIDS, WHITING, MICHIGAN CITY.
ABSTRACT:
CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF WATER FROM MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEM INTAKES IN THE
SOUTHERN PART OF LAKE MICHIGAN WERE USED TO STUDY RECENT TRENDS IN
WATER QUALITY AND EUTROPH1CAT ION. THE INTAKES OF THE WATER SYSTEMS OF
GRAND RAPIDS, CHICAGO, AND MILWAUKEE SUPPLIED MOST OF THE SAMPLES, AND
WHITING AND MICHIGAN CITY SUPPLIED A FEW OF LESS VALUE. THE LONGEST
RECORD PERIOD IS 1926-PRESENT, AT CHICAGO. CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM WERE
CHOSEN AS STANDARDS OF COMPARISON BECAUSE HUMAN ACTIVITY SHOULD HAVE
LITTLE EFFECT ON THEIR CONCENTRATIONS. REGRESSION LINES IN PLOTS OF
ANALYSES SHOW NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES WITH TIME. SULFATE, CHLORIDE, AND
TOTAL SOLIDS ARE INCREASING. SILICA IS DECREASING, POSSIBLY BECAUSE OF
INCREASING DIATOM GROWTH WITH INCREASING LAKE PRODUCTIVITY. PHOSPHORUS
FLUCTUATES MARKEDLY AT CHICAGO BUT OPEN-WATER SAMPLES SHOW NO TREND.
GENERALLY, SHORE VALUES OF ALL ANALYSES AGREE VERY WELL WITH OPEN LAKE
VALUES. DISSOLVED SOLIDS, PARTICULARLY THOSE PUT IN THE LAKE BY HUMAN
ACTIVITY, ARE INCREASING. OTHER STUDIES SHOW CORRESPONDING BIOLOGICAL
CHANGES THAT HAVE OCCURRED WITHIN THE LAKE. THE CHANGES ARE PROBABLY
ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERATION EVIDENT IN THE LONG-TERM
CHANGE IN CONCENTRATIONS OF IONS AND OTHER SOLIDS. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02K
ACCESSION NO. W69-01623
15
-------
STUDIES OF MILWAUKEE HARBOR AND EMBAYMENTt
MICHIGAN UNIV.. ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, INST OF SCIENCE AND TECH.
JOHN C. AYERS, AND JOSEPH C. K. HUANG.
MICHIGAN UNIV SPEC REP NO 30 OF THE GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 372-394, 1967. 22
P, 9 FIG, 2 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *EUTROPHICATION, POLLUTANTS,
TURBIDITY, COLOR, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, OLIGOCHAETES, B10INDICATORS,
AMPHIPODA, BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, BENTHOS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*WATER-BORNE PARAMETERS, MILWAUKEE HARBOR.
ABSTRACT:
THE QUALITY OF WATER AND THE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS OF MILWAUKEE
HARBOR WATER AND ADJOINING LAKE MICHIGAN WATER WERE STUDIED TO LEARN
THE MUTUAL EFFECTS OF THE HEAVILY POLLUTED HARBOR ON THE LAKE AND OF
THE CLEAN LAKE ON THE HARBOR. MILWAUKEE HARBOR IS ENCLOSED BY A
BREAKWATER AND HEAVILY POLLUTED BY THE MILWAUKEE RIVER AND BY A SEWAGE
OUTFALL JUST SOUTH OF THE RIVER INSIDE THE BREAKWATER. MUNICIPAL WATER
INTAKES ARE LOCATED TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH .OF THE HARBOR ENTRANCE AND
OBTAIN GOOD QUALITY WATER. THE DISTRIBUTION OF OLIGOCHAETES,
SPHAERIIDS, AND AMPHIPODS, AS WELL AS OF TRANSPARENCY SULFIDES, AND
DISSOLVED SOLIDS INDICATE THAT MILQAUKEE HARBOR IS FUNCTIONING AS A
SEWAGE LAGOON IN WHICH SETTLEMENT AND MINERALIZATION TAKE PLACE.
CURRENTS MOVE GENERALLY NORTHWARD IN THE AREA FROM SEPTEMBER THROUGH
MARCH AND SOUTHWARD FROM APRIL THROUGH AUGUST. POLLUTED WATER FROM THE
HARBOR SELDOM REACHES THE INTAKES TO THE CITY WATER SYSTEM, AND ON THE
FEW OCCASIONS IT DOES IT IS MUCH DILUTED BY LAKE WATER AND SOMEWHAT
PURIFIED BY ITS RESIDENCE IN THE HARBOR. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-01649
16
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THE INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANALYSIS VALUES AS AN INDICATOR OF EUTROPH1CAT ION,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, INST OF SCIENCE AND TECH.
JOHN C. AYERS.
MICHIGAN UNIV SPEC REP NO 30 OF THE GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 395-411, 1967. 17
P, 7 FIG, 4 TAB, 7 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, INDICATORS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, ^STATISTICAL METHODS,
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, SESTON,
SULFATES, CONDUCTIVITY.
IDENTIFIERS:
SKEWNESS, KURTOSIS.
ABSTRACT:
THE SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS OF FREQUENCY CURVES OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DATA
OF LAKE MICHIGAN WATER AND SEDIMENTS WERE USED TO SHOW SUBTLE CHANGES
IN THE EARLY STAGES OF EUTROPHICATION. THE DATA ANALYZED ARE
CONCENTRATIONS OF ORTHOPHOSPHATE, SULFATE, SESTON ASH, TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN BY KJELDAHL ANALYSIS, AND
CONDUCTIVITY. DEFINITE DIFFERENCES IN SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS WERE FOUND
IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ANALYZED CONCENTRATIONS BETWEEN SAMPLING
LINES ACROSS THE INDUSTRIALIZED AND EUTROPHYING SOUTHERN END OF THE
LAKE AND SAMPLING LINES FARTHER NORTH. THE NORTHERN DATA WERE MORE
SKEWED AND PEAKED IN PHOSPHORUS, SULFATE, CONDUCTIVITY, AND SESTON ASH.
THE SOUTHERN LINES WERE MORE SKEWED AND PEAKED IN NITROGEN ASHFREE
DISSOLVED SOLIDS, AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05C, 02H, 07C
ACCESSION NO. W69-01650
17
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THE GRAND RIVER AND ITS PLUME IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, INST OF SCIENCE AND TECH.
JOHN C. AYERS, AND RONALD ROSSMAN.
MICHIGAN UNIV SPEC REP NO 30 OF THE GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 366-371, 1967. 6
P, 3 FIG, 2 TAB, 2 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DISPERSION, *RIVER FLOW, *LAKE MICHIGAN, TURBIDITY, TEMPERATURE,
CONDUCTIVITY, COLOR, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*DISPERSAL PLUME, GRAND RIVERIMICHIGAN).
ABSTRACT:
THE DISCHARGE AND MIXING OF THE GRAND RIVER, MICHIGAN, INTO LAKE
MICHIGAN WERE STUDIED BY SAMPLING THE RIVER AT 3 STATIONS AND TAKING 7
TURBIDITY SAMPLES FROM THE PLUME OF RIVER WATER IN THE LAKE. THE RIVER
WATER QUALITY IS INFLUENCED BY SEVERAL CITIES AND WAS BROWN AND STAINED
WITH WHAT APPEARED TO BE HUMIC MATERIAL. ITS TURBIDITY RANGED FROM 34.0
PPM TO 84.5 PPM. DISSOLVED OXYGEN WAS 8.1 MG/1 AND 97S SATURATED. RIVER
WATER CONDUCTIVITY WAS 550 MICROMHOS/CC AT THE END OF THE BREAKWATERS
AND LAKE WATER CONDUCTIVITY WAS 277. RIVER WATER TEMPERATURE WAS 23.0
DEG C WHILE LAKE WATER TEMPERATURE WAS 18-19 DEG. THE DISPERSION PLUME
'WAS MAPPED BY CALCULATING PERCENTAGE RIVER WATER AT 7 STATIONS ON THE
BASIS OF TURBIDITY, TEMPERATURE, AND CONDUCTIVITY. THE STUDIES INDICATE
THAT DISPERSAL PLUME STUDY MAY PROVIDE GOOD INFORMATION ON THE BEHAVIOR
OF NEARSHORE LAKE WATERS. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02E
ACCESSION NO. W69-01651
18
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THE SURFICIAL BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF LAKE MICHIGANf
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, INST OF SCIENCE AND TECH.
JOHN C. AYERS.
MICHIGAN UNIV SPEC REP NO 30 OF THE GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 247-253, 1967. 7
P, 4 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE BEDS, SEDIMENTS, CLAYS,
SAMPLING, MAPS, BENTHIC FAUNA, LAKE SOILS. "
IDENTIFIERS:
EUTROPHICATION-CAUSED SEDIMENT CHANGE.
ABSTRACT:
DESCRIPTIONS OF 875 SEDIMENT SAMPLES TAKEN FROM THE BOTTOM OF LAKE
MICHIGAN ARE COMPILED ON MAPS SCALED ABOUT 10 MI PER IN. THE SAMPLES
WERE TAKEN ABOUT EVERY 1-5 MI ALONG LINES PERPENDICULAR TO SHORE, ABOUT
5-15 MI APART. THE SEDIMENTS WERE CLASSIFIED BY VISUAL INSPECTION,
ODOR, FEELING THE FRESH SAMPLES, AND EXAMINATION WITH A BINOCULAR
MICROSCOPE. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W69-01652
19
-------
TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF LAKE MICHIGANt
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, INST OF SCIENCE AND TECH.
VINCENT E. NOBLE.
MICHIGAN. UNIV SPEC' REP NO 30 OF THE GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 340-365, 1967. 25
P, 1 FIG, 4 TAB, 3 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER TEMPERATURE, THERMOCLINE, THERMAL
STRATIFICATION, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, DIGITAL COMPUTERS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE.
ABSTRACT:
BATHYTHERMOGRAPH DATA FOR LAKE MICHIGAN WERE PUT ON COMPUTER CARDS AND
PROCESSED BY COMPUTER. THE THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE LAKE IS PRESENTED
IN TABLES GIVING TEMPERATURE-DEPTH RELATIONSHIPS FOR EACH MONTH OF
1963-1966 AT EACH STATION LISTED BY LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. THE
COMPUTER PROGRAM USED IS DESCRIBED, DISCUSSED, LISTED. CONSPICUOUS
FEATURES IN THE RESULTS ARE THAT THE SUMMER PERIOD WHEN THE THERMOCLINE
EXISTS LASTS FROM THE MIDDLE OF JUNE TO THE MIDDLE OF NOVEMBER, AND THE
DEEP WATER IS WARMEST AT THE FALL MIXING AT THE END OF NOVEMBER OR
REALLY DECEMBER. (KNAPP-USGS)
' ' i
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-01653
20
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GENERAL FEDERAL LEGISLATION RELATING TO WATER QUALITYt
BURTON J. GINDLER.
CLARK, WATERS AND WATER RIGHTS, VOL 3, WATER POLLUTION AND QUALITY CONTROLS,
CHAPTER 15, SEC 244, PP 354-358, 1967. 4 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
. *WATER QUALITY, *FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, OIL, WATER POLLUTION,
LEGISLATION, NAVIGABLE WATERS, *RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT, CHANNEL,
WASTES, LAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
OIL POLLUTION ACT, CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION ACT, FWPC ACT.
ABSTRACT:
THE UNITED STATES HAS ENACTED MORE THAN A DOZEN STATUTES THAT DEAL
PIECEMEAL WITH WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION CONTROL. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE
OF THE EARLIEST STATUTES WAS TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE NAVIGABILITY OF
THE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES. THE RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT OF 1899,
WHICH IS PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE EARLY FEDERAL POLLUTION
CONTROL LAWS, PROHIBITS THE CREATION OF ANY OBSTRUCTION IN NAVIGABLE
WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES UNLESS SUCH IS AUTHORIZED BY CONGRESS. IT
ALSO PROHIBITS CHANGING THE CHANNEL OF ANY NAVIGABLE WATER UNLESS THE
WORK IS AUTHORIZED BY THE CORPS OF ARMY ENGINEERS, AND SECTION 13 MAKES
IT UNLAWFUL TO DISCHARGE REFUSE OF ANY KIND OR DESCRIPTION, OTHER THAN
THAT FLOWING FROM STREETS AND SEWERS AND PASSING THEREFROM IN A LIQUID
STATE, INTO ANY NAVIGABLE WATER OF THE UNITED STATES. SOME FEDERAL
STATUTES RELATE TO SPECIFIC WATERS. OTHERS THAT ARE MORE LIMITED IN
SCOPE RELATE TO SPECIFIC KINDS OF REFUSE OR WASTES. THE BEST KNOWN OF
THESE IS THE OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1924. THE PUB.L IC-HEALTH ASPECTS OF
WATER POLLUTION HAVE BEEN HANDLED UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT.
(WATSON-FLA)
FIELD 05G
ACCESSION NO. W69-02419
21
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CHAPTER 15: INTERSTATE AND INTERNATIONAL MATTERS,
ILLINOIS UNiv.t URBANA; AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. c.
FRED MANN, HAROLD ELLIS, AND N. G. P. KRAUSZ.
IN WATER-USE LAW IN ILLINOIS, PP 257-283, 1964. 27 P. (FOR MAIN ENTRY SEE
W69-02624-).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, INTERNATIONAL LAW, *EQUITABLE APPORTIONMENT, *INTERSTATE
COMPACTS, INTERNATIONAL WATERS, INTERSTATE RIVERS, STATE JURISDICTION,
FEDERAL JURISDICTION, GREAT LAKES, OHIO RIVER, LAKE MICHIGAN,
POLLUTION, *WATER LAW, LEGAL ASPECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
FWPCA.
ABSTRACT:
INTERSTATE AND INTERNATIONAL MATTERS INVOLVING WATER RIGHTS ARE
DISCUSSED. THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT HAS EXCLUSIVE AND ORIGINAL
JURISDICTION IN CASES WHERE STATES ARE PARTIES. THE COURT MAY APPLY
PRINCIPLES DERIVED FROM INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND HAS BUILT AN INDEPENDENT
DOCTRINE OF INTERSTATE LAW KNOWN AS THE DOCTRINE OF EQUITABLE
APPORTIONMENT OF BENEFITS. TWO OR MORE STATES WITH INTERESTS IN A BODY
OF WATER MAY CONTROL ITS USE BY INTERSTATE COMPACT, SUBJECT TO THE
CONSENT OF CONGRESS. THE GREAT LAKES BASIN COMPACT AND THE OHIO RIVER
VALLEY WATER SANITATION COMPACT ARE DISCUSSED. SPECIAL PROBLEMS
CONCERNING LAKE MICHIGAN ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. ILLINOIS HOLDS TITLE TO
THE BED OF LAKE MICHIGAN WITHIN ITS BOUNDARIES IN TRUST FOR THE PEOPLE
OF THE STATE. THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AUTHORIZES THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO ABATE POLLUTION OF INTERSTATE WATERS UNDER
SUPERVISION OF THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE. THE
SUPREME COURT ALSO HAS JURISDICTION OVER INTERSTATE POLLUTION CASES,
ALTHOUGH INTERSTATE COMPACT HAS BEEN A MORE FEASIBLE METHOD OF DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE OF 1787 AS AN
ELEMENT OF FEDERAL LAW REGARDING FEDERAL JURISDICTION AND INTERSTATE
MATTERS IS LARGELY AN OPEN QUESTION UNDER PRESENT COURT DECISIONS.
(KAHLE-FLA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-02631
22
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EVALUATION OF CHANNEL CHANGES IN ST. CLAIR AND DETROIT RIVERS,
WEATHER BUREAU, CHICAGO, ILL.
IVAN W. BRUNK.
WATER RESOURCES RES, VOL 4, NO 6, PP 1335-1346, DECEMBER 1968. 12 P, 6 FIG, 3
TAB, 9 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*RIVER FLOW, *CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT, *GREAT LAKES, LAKE ERIE, LAKE
MICHIGAN, LAKE HURON, STAGE-DISCHARGE RELATIONS, STREAM GAGES,
HYDROGRAPHS.
IDENTIFIERS:
ST. CLAIR RIVER, DETROIT RIVER, STREAMFLOW ESTIMATES.
ABSTRACT:
EXTENSIVE IMPROVEMENTS FOR NAVIGATION HAVE BEEN MADE IN THE ST.
CLAIR-DETROIT RIVER (SCDR). CHANNEL CHANGES HAVE LOWERED THE LEVEL OF
LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON BY ABOUT 2 FEET, BRINGING ABOUT THE LOWEST LEVELS
OF RECORD IN 1964 AND 1965. THE UNRECOGNIZED CHANGES IN THE REGIMEN OF
THE SCDR BEFORE 1900 HAVE ALSO RESULTED IN THE COMPUTATION OF FLOWS
THAT ARE MUCH TOO LARGE. THE DISCHARGE OF LAKE ERIE AND THE
PRECIPITATION IN THE ERIE BASIN ARE USED TO DERIVE MORE REASONABLE
ESTIMATES OF THE FLOW OF THE SCDR BEFORE 1900. THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL
EXCAVATED FROM CHANNELS AND THE ANNUAL DIFFERENCES IN REPORTED AND
COMPUTED FLOW OF THE SCDR FROM 1869-1908 ARE TABULATED. HYDROGRAPHS
SHOW COMPUTED FLOW AND LAKE ERIE FLOW FROM 1860-1967.
FIELD 02E
ACCESSION NO. W69-02693
23
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VERTICAL CURRENT STRUCTURE IN THE GREAT LAKES,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR.
VINCENT E. NOBLE, JOSEPH C. HUANG, AND JAMES H. SAYLOR.
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 37, GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIVISION, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN,
1968, 94 P. FWPCA GRANT WP-01067.
DESCRIPTORS:
LAKE MICHIGAN, CONVECTION, WATER CIRCULATION, EDDIES, DIFFUSION, WATER
CURRENTS, GREAT LAKES, STRATIFICATION, THERMAL PROPERTIES.
ABSTRACT:
DURING A TWO-YEAR PROGRAM TO STUDY THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF
THE CURRENTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, EXPERIMENTS HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT TO
DESCRIBE THE CIRCULATION DYNAMICS OF LAKE MICHIGAN. TWO CLOSELY-SPACED
CURRENT METER STATION RECORDS HAVE BEEN COMPARED WITH LOCAL WIND DATA
AND HAVE SHOWN THAT THERE IS NOT A SIMPLE RESPONSE OF THE CURRENTS TO
THE WIND FIELD. AERIAL THERMAL SURVEYS OF THE TOTAL LAKE BASIN, WHEN
COMPARED WITH BT TRANSECTS HAVE INDICATED A LARGE-SCALE, SEASONAL
CIRCULATION PATTERN IN THE LAKE BASIN. THEORETICAL MODELS OF THE SPRING
WARMING PERIOD OF THE LAKE PREDICT CIRCULATION PATTERNS THAT ARE
CONSISTENT WITH FIELD MEASUREMENTS, AND THAT INDICATE THAT THERMAL,
GEOSTROPHIC FORCES MAY DEFINE THE BASIC CIRCULATIONS OF THE LAKE.
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATION OF STERN'S MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF WIND ON
GEOSTROPHIC VORTICES SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE EFFECT OF WIND
STRESS UPON THE LAKE BASIN IS A PERTURBATION OF THE GEOSTROPHIC
CIRCULATION FIELD, PARTICULARLY IN THE SPRING AND FALL OF THE YEAR.
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-02797
24
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SIMULATION OF FLOOD FLOW DIVERSION FROM A LAKE SYSTEM,
SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV.t DALLAS. TEX.5 AND NORTHWESTERN UNIV., EVANSTON, ILL.
JERRY R. ROGERS, AND ROBERT S. GEMMELL.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES CONFERENCE (AMERICAN
WATER "RESOURCES ASSN; URBANA, ILL), c 1967, PP 235-293. 9 P, i MAP, 2 TAB,
3 FIG, 3 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*MODEL STUDIES, COMPUTER MODELS, *FLOOD CONTROL, LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS, RIVER FLOW, WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*FLOOD FLOW DIVERSION, LAKE SYSTEM, CHAIN OF LAKES.
ABSTRACT:
THIS STUDY WAS DIRECTED AT THE EVALUATION OF WATER EXPORT AS A MEANS
FOR CONTROLLING FLOODS ON A SMALL LAKE SYSTEM. STOCHASTIC FLOOD
SIMULATIONS WERE BASED ON THE HISTORY OF LAKE LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS AND AN
ESTIMATE OF THE STAGE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIP FOR THE LAKES. THE USE OF THE
GENERAL SYSTEMS SIMULATION LANGUAGE GREATLY FACILITATED CONSTRUCTION OF
THE COMPUTER MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF LAKE FLOODING AND DIVERSION. THE
AVAILABLE ECONOMIC DATA WAS INADEQUATE TO PERMIT EVALUATION OF
DIVERSION PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMIC TERMS, ALTHOUGH SUCH A PROCEDURE
COULD HAVE EASILY BEEN INCORPORATED IN THE SIMULATION MODEL. IT IS
CONCLUDED THAT SIMULATION TECHNIQUE HAS CONSIDERABLE MERIT, ESPECIALLY
FOR THE PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES.
(WINN-RUTGERS)
FIELD 04A
ACCESSION NO. W69-03143
25
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VERTICAL CURRENT STRUCTURE IN THE GREAT LAKES: II. CURRENT METER STUDIES OFF
SHEBOYGAN, WISCONSIN, AUGUST 1967,
MICHIGAN UNIV.t ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
VINCENT E. NOE(LE.
1
SPEC REP NO 37t GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 12-25, 1968. 14 P, 7 FIG, 2 REF.
GRANT WPr01067
-------
VERTICAL CURRENT STRUCTURE IN THE GREAT LAKES: 1. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE
CIRCULATION DYNAMICS OF LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
VINCENT E. NOBLE.
SPEC REP NO 37, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 4-11, 1968. 8 P, 5 FIG, 4 REF. GRANT
WP-01067 (FWPCA).
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER), CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, DENSITY CURRENTS,
WINDS, TEMPERATURE, AIR-WATER INTERFACES, ISOTHERMS, RADIATION, LAKE
BASINS.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE CIRCULATION DYNAMICS, GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION.
ABSTRACT:
SURFACE TEMPERATURE PATTERNS OF LAKE MICHIGAN OBTAINED BY SYNOPTIC
OBSERVATIONS FROM AIRCRAFT AND INTERPRETED WITH THE AID OF DYNAMIC
WATER SURFACE HEIGHT COMPUTATIONS IMPLY THAT GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION
FORCES ARE DOMINANT OVER WIND CIRCULATION FORCES. THE INTERACTION
BETWEEN FORCES IN THE LAKE'S CIRCULATION IS COMPLEX AND PRESENTLY
UNKNOWN. THE PERSISTENCE OF SMALL DETAILS IN THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE
STRUCTURE OF THE LAKE FOR PERIODS OF 3 WEEKS SUPPORTS THE IDEA OF
DOMINANCE OF GEOSTROPHIC FORCES. ISOTHERMS OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF
THE LAKE ARE SHOWN ON A MAP. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-03347
27
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VERTICAL CURRENT STRUCTURE IN THE GREAT LAKES: III. DETERMINATION OF EDDY
VISCOSITY AND EDDY DIFFUSIVITY IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
JOSEPH C. HUANG.
SPEC REP NO 37, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 26-45, 1968. 20 P, 6 FIG, 6 TAB, 22
REF. GRANT WP-01067 (FWPCA).
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER), CIRCULATION, #LAKE MICHIGAN, WINDS, EDDIES,
TURBULENCE, TRACERS, DYE RELEASES.
IDENTIFIERS:
EDDY VISCOSITY, EDDY DIFFUSIVITY, VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSIVITY.
ABSTRACT:
TO EVALUATE THE MAGNITUDE OF THE EDDY DIFFUSIVITY AND EDDY VISCOSITY
ASSOCIATED WITH THE THERMAL CURRENT STRUCTURE OF THE LATE SPRING/EARLY
SUMMER CIRCULATION IN THE LAKE MICHIGAN MODEL, CURRENT METERS, DROGUES,
WIND GAGES, AND DYE DIFFUSION TESTS WERE USED TO COLLECT DATA. IN
MODELLING A GEOFLUID PROBLEM, THE EDDY VISCOSITY AND THE EDDY
DIFFUSIVITY ARE OF CRITICAL IMPORTANCE IN ORDER TO PREDICT THE NATURAL
CURRENT OR WAVE PHENOMENA WITH A SIMILARITY TO LAMINAR FLOW. IN LAKE
MICHIGAN, THOUGH THE MEAN CURRENT VELOCITY IS SMALL IN GENERAL, THE
FLOW FIELD IS TURBULENT IN NATURE. IN SOLVING OR EXPLAINING THE FLOW
PATTERN OF THE MEAN LAKE CURRENT, IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE THE GOVERNING
EQUATIONS OF LAMINAR FLOW WITH EDDY VISCOSITY AND EDDY DIFFUSIVITY IN
PLACE OF THE MOLECULAR VISCOSITY AND THE MOLECULAR DIFFUSIVITY. THE
DATA PRESENTED ARE QUITE CONSISTENT AND IN GOOD. AGREEMENT WITH THE DATA
REPORTED BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS. THE VERTICAL EDDY VISCOSITY IN LAKE
MICHIGAN IS IN THE RANGE OF 1 TO 100 WITH A MEAN OF 10 SQ CM/SEC. THE
HORIZONTAL VISCOSITY IS IN THE RANGE OF 100 TO 10,000 WITH A MEAN VALUE
OF 1,000 SQ CM/SEC. THE EDDY DIFFUSIVITY MAY REACH THE SAME MAGNITUDE
AS THE VISCOSITY BUT IT IS IN GENERAL SMALLER. A TYPICAL MEAN VALUE FOR
VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSIVITY IS 5 SQ CM/SEC AND FOR THE HORIZONTAL EDDY
DIFFUSIVITY, 100 SQ CM/SEC. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-0334-8
28
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VERTICAL CURRENT STRUCTURE IN THE GREAT LAKES: IV. NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF
STERN'S CALCULATION MODEL,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
JAMES H. SAYLOR.
SPEC REP NO 37, GREAT LAKES RES OIVt PP 46-58/1968. 12 P, 2 FIGf 4 TAB, 4
REF. GRANT WP-01067 (FWPCA).
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER)t CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, #MATHEMATICAL MODELS,
WINDS, EDDIES, TURBULENCE, VORTICES.
IDENTIFIERS:
EKMAN DRIFT, GEOSTROPHIC VORTEX.
ABSTRACT:
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE INTERACTION OF A UNIFORM WIND STRESS AND A
GEOSTROPHIC VORTEX IS EVALUATED IN TERMS OF WIND STRESSES AND VORTEX
DIMENSIONS THAT ARE EXPECTED TO OCCUR IN LAKE MICHIGAN. THE RESULTS
PREDICT A BROAD RANGE OF INTERNAL WAVE PERIODS THAT ARE WITHIN THE
' LIMITS OF MEASURED VALUES. THE MODEL PROVIDES MECHANISMS FOR SOME FIELD
OBSERVATIONS OF ROTARY CURRENTS, INTERNAL WAVES, AND TRANSFER OF WIND
ENERGY INTO WATER CIRCULATION IN A WAY THAT MIGHT EXPLAIN SOME
APPARENTLY ANOMALOUS DROGUE AND CURRENT METER DATA IN THE LAKE MICHIGAN
STUDY. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-03349
29
-------
VERTICAL CURRENT STRUCTURE IN THE GREAT LAKES: V. THERMAL CURRENT STRUCTURE IN
LAKE MICHIGAN, ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPRING WARM-UP SEASONA THEORETICAL
STUDY,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
JOSEPH C. HUANG.
SPEC REP NO 37, GREAT LAKES RES DIV, PP 59-94, 1968. 36 P, 11 FIG, 2 TAB, 11
REF. GRANT WP-01067 (FWPCA).
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER), CIRCULATION, *TEMPERATURE, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*MATHEMATICAL MODELS, WINDS, EDDIES, THERMAL PROPERTIES, CORIOLIS FORCE,
IDENTIFIERS:
GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION, THERMAL GRADIENTS.
ABSTRACT:
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TREATS LAKE MICHIGAN AS A LONG, SYMMETRICAL,
TRAPEZOIDAL BODY WITH 2 OPPOSITELY IMPOSED HORIZONTAL TEMPERATURE
GRADIENTS TOWARD THE CENTER FROM BOTH SIDES, ROTATING ABOUT ITS
VERTICAL AXIS, WITH A FREE SURFACE, WITHOUT WIND STRESSES. THE MAIN
FLOW FIELD IS ASSUMED TO BE IN GEOSTROPHIC THERMAL GRADIENT
EQUILIBRIUM. THE SOLUTION OF THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF THE MODEL
SHOWS ABOUT THE SAME PATTERN AS THE LAKE, ESPECIALLY IN THE INTERIOR
REGION. CIRCULATION PATTERNS IN THE LAKE AND MODEL AGREE WELL IN
GENERAL, AND THE MODEL SHOWS THAT GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION IS DOMINANT
OVER WIND CIRCULATION, WHICH EXPLAINS SOME CURRENTS OBSERVED TO BE
COUNTER TO WIND DIRECTION. THE LAKE'S CURRENT AND TEMPERATURE
STRUCTURES ARE SHOWN ON MAPS AND CHARTS. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-03350
30
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THE GREAT LAKES WATER LEVELS PROBLEM,
UNITED STATES LAKE SURVEY, DETROIT, MICH. ENGINEERING DIV.
BEN G. DECOOKE.
LIMNOS, VOL 1, NO 1, PP 22-26, SPRING 1968. 5 P, 1 MAP, 1 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, *HYDROLOGIC BUDGET, LEGAL
ASPECTS, ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION, REGULATION, INTERNATIONAL JOINT
COMMISSION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*WATER LEVEL REGULATION.
ABSTRACT:
BECAUSE OF PUBLIC CONCERN OVER WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION IN THE GREAT
LAKES, A STUDY IS BEING MADE OF THE WATER BUDGET OF THE SYSTEM SO THAT
LAKE-LEVEL REGULATION MAY BE PLANNED. THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE SUPERIOR HAS
BEEN REGULATED SINCE 1921 AND LAKE ONTARIO SINCE 1960. RIPARIAN
INTERESTS DESIRE REDUCTION OF DURATION AND HEIGHT OF HIGH STAGES. HIGH
WATER IN 1951 CAUSED DAMAGES OF ABOUT $61 MILLION, ABOUT 80* OF WHICH
WAS CAUSED BY WAVE ACTION. NO COSTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR LOW-WATER
DAMAGES, BUT RIPARIAN INTERESTS ALSO DESIRE LOW-WATER CONTROL.
NAVIGATION INTERESTS NEED RELATIVELY HIGH MINIMUM LEVELS TO ALLOW
GREATER DRAFT FOR VESSELS. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS ESTIMATES THAT
RAISING MINIMUM LEVELS 1-1 1/2 FT IN LAKE MICHIGAN-HURON WOULD BENEFIT
NAVIGATION BY ABOUT $1 MILLION PER YR. POWER INTERESTS DESIRE GENERALLY
HIGH STAGES TO PROVIDE GREATER HEAD AND STORAGE AND TO INSURE PROPER
ICE COVER AND FLOW IN WINTER. BECAUSE OF LARGE NATURAL VARIATION IN
INPUT, REGULATION FOR ABSOLUTELY CONSTANT LEVEL IS IMPRACTICAL. SOME
DEGREE OF REGULATION OF THE SYSTEM IS FEASIBLE FROM AN ENGINEERING
POINT OF VIEW, BUT THE ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED.
A COST-BENEFIT STUDY IS BEING MADE. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-03947
31
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WATER POLLUTION IN THE GREAT LAKES BASIN,
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, GREAT LAKES REGION, CHICAGO,
ILL.
H. W. POSTON.
LIMNOS, VOL 1, NO 1, PP 6-11, SPRING 1968. 6 P, 6 PHOTO.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER POLLUTION, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, WATER
POLLUTION EFFECTS, EUTROPHICAT ION, FISHKILL,' ALGAE, OXYGEN SAG, WATER
QUALITY, CHLORIDES, PHOSPHORUS, SULFATES, HARDNESS(WATER).
IDENTIFIERS:
GREAT LAKES
BASIN, BACTERIAL POLLUTION.
ABSTRACT:
THE CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN, PRESENTLY
AVAILABLE REMEDIES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION IN POLLUTION CONTROL
ARE DISCUSSED. THE LAKES, PARTICULARLY LAKE ERIE, ARE BECOMING
EUTROPHIC BECAUSE OF WASTE DISCHARGES. TERTIARY TREATMENT WITH
PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL WILL ALLEVIATE THE PROBLEM AND ALSO REDUCE
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND. CHLORIDES, SULFATES, AND HARDNESS ARE
INCREASING. BACTERIAL POLLUTION IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM IN TRIBUTARIES,
AND IN LOCAL ZONES IN THE GREAT LAKES NEAR POPULATION CENTERS WHERE
RECREATIONAL DEMAND IS ALSO HIGHEST. ELIMINATION OF COMBINED SEWERS AS
WELL AS BETTER SEWAGE TREATMENT WILL HELP. CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL IS WIDESPREAD. OXYGEN LEVELS ARE
LOW IN STREAMS, SMALL LAKES, AND THE CENTRAL BASIN OF LAKE ERIE. AN
UNUSUAL FORM OF POLLUTION IS THE OVER-POPULATION OF ALEWIVES IN LAKE
MICHIGAN. PERIODIC FISHKILLS LITTER THE SHORE. ONE OF THE MAIN
DIFFICULTIES IN SOLVING GREAT LAKES PROBLEMS IS DIVERSITY AND NEED FOR
COORDINATION OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN THE BASIN. CREATION OF THE WATER
QUALITY STANDARDS AND THE GREAT LAKES BASIN COMMISSION SHOULD HELP.
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05B, 05C
ACCESSION NO. W69-03948
32
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IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HEAVY RESIDUAL OIL AND ASPHALT POLLUTANTS
IN SURFACE WATERS BY COMPARATIVE RATIOS OF INFRARED ABSORBANCES,
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
FRED K. KAWAHARA.
ENVIRON SCI AND TECH, VOL 3, NO 2, PP 150-153, FEB 1969. 4 P, 4 FIG, 4 TAB,
10 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*OILY WATER, ^ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *WATER'POLLUTION SOURCES,
*ASPHALT, OIL-WATER INTERFACE, LAKE MICHIGAN, SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
ABSORPTION, INFRARED RADIATION, SURFACE WATERS, TASTE, ODOR, OIL WASTES
IDENTIFIERS:
^PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, AUTOXIDATION.
ABSTRACT:
TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE HEAVY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN THE
1967 LAKE MICHIGAN OIL SPILL, A PROCEDURE FOR CHARACTERIZATION AND
IDENTIFICATION OF THE TARLIKE MATERIALS WAS NEEDED. SAMPLES FROM BEACH
WAT.ER WERE ANALYZED BY INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY. THE UNKNOWN SPECTRA
WOULD NOT MATCH THE KNOWN SPECTRA, SINCE AUTOXIDATION CAUSED CHANGES IN
THE UNKNOWN SPECIMEN. BY COMPARATIVE RATIOS OF INFRARED ABSORBANCES,
THE IDENTITY OF THE CRITICAL UNKNOWN SAMPLES WAS ESTABLISHED. ALTHOUGH
ASPHALT AND HEAVY RESIDUAL OIL HAVE SIMILAR INFRARED SPECTRA, THERE IS
A SHARP DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM. SAMPLES FROM 7 COMPANIES WERE TESTED,
USING THE NEW METHOD FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION AND FOR DISTINGUISHING
THE 2 TYPES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS WHICH CAN COEXIST IN SURFACE WATERS
AS POLLUTANTS.
-------
NEARSHORE PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS IN THE GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN VICIN.ITY
DURING THERMAL BAR CONDITIONS*
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
E. F. STOERMER.
PROC. 11TH CONF. GREAT LAKES RES., VOL 11, PP 137-150, APR 1968. 14 P, 13
FIG, 1 TAB, 17 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*PHYTOPLANKTON, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER CIRCULATION, NUISANCE ALGAE,
THERMAL POLLUTION, DIFFUSION, DIATOMS, CHLOROPHYTA, CHRYSOPHYTA,
DINOFLAGELLATES, CYANOPHYTA.
IDENTIFIERS:
*THERMAL BAR.
ABSTRACT:
IN LATE APRIL 1967, THE THERMAL BAR PHENOMENON HAD PROFOUND EFFECTS ON
BOTH THE ABUNDANCE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN
NEARSHORE LAKE MICHIGAN WATERS IN THE VICINITY OF GRAND HAVEN,
MICHIGAN. LANDWARD OF THE THERMAL BAR POPULATIONS AVERAGED BETWEEN 1500
AND 2000 CELLS/ML COMPARED WITH AVERAGE VALUES OF ABOUT 400 CELLS/ML IN
WATER ENTERING THE LAKE FROM THE GRAND RIVER AND ABOUT 350 CELLS/ML IN
WATER OUTSIDE THE THERMAL BAR. THE HIGHEST POPULATIONS OBSERVED,
OCCURRED IN THE INTERFACE BETWEEN INSHORE AND OFFSHORE WATERS. THE
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF MOST SPECIES OF ALGAE WAS STRIKINGLY DISSIMILAR
IN THE DIFFERENT WATER MASSES. FOUR GENERAL TYPES OF SPECIES
DISTRIBUTION WERE NOTED: (1) SPECIES WHICH WERE ABUNDANT IN THE HARBOR
FLORA, RARE IN THE INSHORE WATERS, AND VERY RARE OR LACKING IN THE
OFFSHORE WATERS; (2) SPECIES WHICH WERE ABUNDANT IN THE INSHORE WATERS,
RARE IN THE HARBOR FLORA, AND RARE OR LACKING IN THE OFFSHORE WATERS;
(3) SPECIES WHICH WERE ABUNDANT IN THE OFFSHORE WATERS, RARE IN THE
INSHORE AREA AND LACKING IN THE HARBOR FLORA; (4) SPECIES WHICH WERE
MOST ABUNDANT IN THE INTERFACE WATER WITH SECONDARY ABUNDANCE PEAKS IN
EITHER OF THE OTHER HABITATS. IT APPEARS THAT THE PRIMARY EFFECT OF
THERMAL ADDITIONS TO LAKE MICHIGAN IS THROUGH CONSTRAINT ON CIRCULATION
WHICH TRAPS NUTRIENTS NEAR SHORE.
FIELD 02H, 05C
ACCESSION NO. W69-05763
34
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LE CLAIR V SWIFT (ENFORCEMENT OF CONSERVATION STATUTES).
76 F SUPP 729-734 (E D WIS 1948).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSINt *LAKE MICHIGAN* *FISH CONSERVATION* *COMMERCIAL FISHING,
GREAT LAKES, LEGISLATION* ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES* STATE GOVERNMENTS,
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, UNITED STATES, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, NETS,
TRAWLING, LAKES, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECTS, NAVIGATION,
REMEDIES, DAMAGES.
IDENTIFIERS:
CONCURRENT JURISDICTION, POLICE POWERS, COMMERCE POWER.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF, A COMMERCIAL FISHERMAN, SOUGHT TO ENJOIN THE DEFENDANT,
DIRECTOR OF THE STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION, FROM ENFORCING CERTAIN
WISCONSIN CONSERVATION LAWS WHICH ENABLED THE DEFENDANT TO SEIZE ANY
WILDLIFE UNLAWFULLY TAKEN. SPECIFICALLY OUTLAWED WAS THE USE OF ANY
UNLICENSED NET AND THE USE OF ANY BOAT IN VIOLATION OF CONSERVATION
LAWS. THE PLAINTIFF CONTENDED THAT THE ENFORCEMENT OF THESE LAWS
CONTRAVENED A FEDERAL STATUTE PROHIBITING INTERFERENCE WITH NAVIGATION
ON. THE GREAT LAKES. THE COURT HELD THAT THE RIGHT OF THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT TO CONTROL NAVIGATION ON THE GREAT LAKES AND THE RIGHT OF
THE STATE OF WISCONSIN TO REGULATE FISHING ON THOSE WATERS WITHIN ITS
BOUNDARIES WERE CONCURRENT AND NOT IN CONFLICT. PLAINTIFF'S CONTENTIONS
WERE FOUND TO BE WITHOUT MERIT. (KATZ-FLA)
FIELD 06E, 03E
ACCESSION NO. W69-06377
35
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MACNEIL V CHICAGO PARK DISTRICTS (SUIT TO ENJOIN COLLECTION OF HARBOR FEES BY
MUNICIPALITY).
401 ILL 556, 82 NE 20 452-456 (1948).
DESCRIPTORS:
"ILLINOIS, *HARBORS, *NAVIGABLE WATERS, *LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LAKE
MICHIGAN, SUBMERGED LANDS ACT, LAKE SHORES, LAGOONS, MARINAS, BEDS,
BOATS, OWNERSHIP OF BEDS, PARKS, LEGISLATION, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*HARBOR FEES, DELEGATION DOCTRINE.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF BOAT OWNER BROUGHT SUIT TO ENJOIN THE DEFENDANT CHICAGO PARK
DISTRICT FROM COLLECTING HARBOR FEES FOR USE OF HARBOR FACILITIES
(DOCKING, MOORING, ETC) ON THE GROUNDS THAT HARBORS ARE PUBLIC,
NAVIGABLE WATERS AND, THEREFORE, USABLE BY MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC FREE
OF CHARGE. THE COURT NOTED TWO PRIMARY ISSUES: (1) WHETHER THE FEE
PRESCRIBED BY THE ORDINANCE IS AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL EXERCISE OF
MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY OVER NAVIGABLE WATERS; AND (2) WHETHER THE STATE
DELEGATED SUCH POWER TO IMPOSE A FEE TO THE PARK DISTRICT. AS TO THE
FIRST ISSUE, THE COURT HELD THIS WAS NEITHER AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL
EXERCISE OF MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY OVER NAVIGABLE WATERS NOR AN
INTERFERENCE WITH INTERSTATE COMMERCE. AS TO THE SECOND, THE COURT
FOUND THE ILLINOIS STATUTES PROVIDED THAT SUBMERGED LANDS SHOULD BE
HELD FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSTRUCTING AND MAINTAINING LAGOONS AND
HARBORS FOR BOATS, AND THE ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING OF REGULATIONS
FOR USE THEREOF BY THE PUBLIC. THE COURT HELD THIS EMPOWERED THE
DEFENDANT TO ESTABLISH FEES FOR THE USE OF SUCH. SPECIAL FACILITIES. THE
COURT THUS AFFIRMED THE DISMISSAL OF THE COMPLAINT. (LOGAN-FLA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-07311
36
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COMMON JURISDICTION OF COUNTIES.
MICH COMP LAWS ANN SECS 45.10, 45.12, 45.14 (1967), AS AMENDED, (SUPP 1968).
DESCRIPTORS:
*MICHIGAN, *GREAT LAKES, *JURISDICTION, *LAKE SHORES, LAKE MICHIGAN,
LAKE HURON, LAKE SUPERIOR, BOUNDARIES(SURFACES), LOCAL GOVERNMENTS,
LEGISLATION, LEGAL ASPECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*COUNTIES, ^CONCURRENT JURISDICTION, *ENFORCEMENT, *STATE BOUNDARIES,
OFFENSES(CRIMINAL), PENALTIES(CRIMINAL).
ABSTRACT:
COUNTIES NOW IN EXISTENCE OR TO BE LATER ORGANIZED WHICH BORDER UPON
THE SHORES OF LAKE MICHIGAN OR LAKE HURON SHALL HAVE JURISDICTION OF
ALL OFFENSES COMMITTED ON THAT PART OF THE LAKE WHICH IS WITHIN THE
STATE. OFFENSES SHALL BE TRIED IN EITHER OF THE TWO COUNTIES NEAREST
THE SITE OF THE OFFENSE. CHIPPEWA COUNTY AND LATER ORGANIZED COUNTIES
WHICH BORDER UPON THE SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR SHALL HAVE COMMON
JURISDICTION OVER OFFENSES ON PARTS OF THE LAKE WITHIN THE STATE. TRIAL
SHALL BE HAD IN THE FIRST COUNTY TO ISSUE PROCESS AGAINST THE OFFENDER.
(HARRIS-FLA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-07636
37
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PROTECTION OF NAVIGABLE WATERS - DEPOSIT OF REFUSE IN LAKE MICHIGAN NEAR
CHICAGO.
33 USCA SEC 421 (1957).
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, *FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,
LEGISLATION, LAKES, WASTE DISPOSAL, NAVIGATION, ILLINOIS, WATER
SUPPLY, INDIANA, BREAKWATERS, FEDERAL JURISDICTION, NAVIGABLE WATER,
FEDERAL-STATE WATER RIGHTS CONFLICTS, WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT,
NAVIGABLE RIVERS.
IDENTIFIERS:
CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
ABSTRACT:
IT IS UNLAWFUL TO DISCHARGE OR CAUSE TO BE DISCHARGED ANY REFUSE MATTER
OF ANY KIND INTO LAKE MICHIGAN AT ANY POINT OPPOSITE OF COOK COUNTY
ILLINOIS OR LAKE COUNTY INDIANA, WITHIN EIGHT MILES FROM THE SHORE OF
THE LAKE, UNLESS SUCH REFUSE SHALL BE PLACED INSIDE OF A BREAKWATER SO
ARRANGED AS NOT TO PERMIT ITS ESCAPE INTO THE BODY OF THE LAKE AND
CAUSE CONTAMINATION. THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION DO NOT APPLY TO THE
CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR, AND PROTECTION OF BREAKWATERS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES BUILT IN AID OF NAVIGATION, OR FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING
WATER SUPPLY. ANY PERSON VIOLATING ANY PROVISION OF THIS SECTION IS
GUILTY OF A MISDEMEANOR. (SMITH-FLA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-07648
38
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METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO V UNITED STATES STEEL
CORPORATION (INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION).
41 111 2D 440, 243 NE2D 249-252 (1968).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *WATER POLICY, *WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL, ABATEMENT, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, WATER POLLUTION, LEGISLATION,
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, LEGAL ASPECTS, WATER
LAW, IMPAIRED WATER QUALITY, POLLUTANT IDENTIFICATION, RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, PUBLIC RIGHTS, POTABLE WATER, WATER
PURIFICATION, FILTRATION, FINANCIAL ANALYSIS, COSTS, LAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
INJUNCTIONS.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF, METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO, WAS
AWARDED A TEMPORARY INJUNCTION IN THE CIRCUIT COURT AGAINST DEFENDANT
CORPORATION RESTRAINING IT 'FROM POLLUTING WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN BY
DISCHARGING ANY OIL OR OILY SUBSTANCES INTO THE WATERS' OF THE LAKE.
THE SANITARY DISTRICT ALLEGED THAT SUCH OIL OR OILY SUBSTANCE WAS
VISIBLY FLOATING ON THE SURFACE OF THE LAKE. THE CIRCUIT COURT FOUND
THAT AN OIL SLICK WAS COMING OUT OF THE DEFENDANT'S NORTH SLIP INTO
CALUMET HARBOR AND COVERING AN AREA OF SIX.THOUSAND FEET BY FIFTY FEET,
BUT THAT THE DISCHARGE WAS UNINTENTIONAL. IN THAT COURT AN EXPERT
WITNESS TESTIFIED THAT THE SLICK, IF CONTINUOUSLY FED, WOULD REACH THE
INTAKE OF THE SOUTH SIDE WATER FILTRATION PLANT OF THE CITY IN A FEW
DAYS. IF THIS OCCURRED SPECIAL FILTRATION WOULD BE NECESSITATED. THE
STATE SUPREME COURT IN AFFIRMING THE'CIRCUIT COURT HELD THAT THE
STATUTE, GIVING THE DISTRICT THE POWER TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF THE
SOURCES OF THE CITY'S WATER SUPPLY, GAVE AUTHORITY FOR THE DISTRICT TO
GET AN INJUNCTION TO PREVENT'INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND THAT THE STATUTE
WAS COMPATIBLE WITH THE FEDERAL STATUTE RELATING TO CONTROL OF WATER
POLLUTION. (JOHNSON-FLA)
FIELD 05G, 06E, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W69-08172V
39
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EUTROPHICATION,
J. FOEHRENBACH.
JOURNAL WPCFt VOL 41, NO 6, PP 1029-1036, JUNE 1969. 53 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, *REVIEWS, DOCUMENTATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PHOSPHORUS
COMPOUNDS, NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, BIOINDICATORS, PRODUCTIVITY, WASTE
TREATMENT, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, CYCLING
NUTRIENTS, COST COMPARISONS, ECONOMICS, ALGAE, ALGAL CONTROL,
ALGICIDES, SEDIMENTS, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, OXYGEN DEMAND, CYANOPHYTA,
DIATOMS, SAMPLING, LAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
CULTURAL EUTROPHICATION, SPECIES DIVERSITY, CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION.
ABSTRACT:
AUTHOR REVIEWS 53 STUDIES CONTRIBUTED TO THE EUTROPHICATION LITERATURE
DURING THE PERIOD 1966-1968. SUBJECT COVERAGE, WITH NUMBER OF
LITERATURE CITATIONS PER SUBJECT IN PARENTHESES, ARE: USE OF FERTILIZED
WATER TO INCREASE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION (8); IDENTIFICATION OF
NUTRIENTS (6); OXYGEN KINETICS <3); ALGAL CONTROL (2); SOURCES OF
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS (4); ROLE OF SEDIMENTS (2); RESULTS OF HUMAN
CULTURAL ACTIVITIES (2); EFFECTS OF POLLUTIONAL LOAD (2); CYANOPHYTE
BLOOMS AND DECREASE IN ALGAL SPECIES DIVERSITY (2); EUTROPHICATION
INDICATORS IN LAKE MICHIGAN (2); SAMPLING AND DIATOM-INDICATORS (2);
NUTRIENTS, THEIR CRITICAL LEVELS AND CYCLING (4); ADVANCED WASTE
TREATMENT TECHNIQUES WITH COST ESTIMATES (7)5 CHEMICAL TREATMENT FOR
NUTRIENT REMOVAL WITH COST ESTIMATES (7).
-------
NATURAL AND POLLUTION SOURCES OF lODINEt BROMINE, AND CHLORINE IN THE GREAT
LAKES,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. DEPT. OF METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY.
MARY A. TIFFANY, JOHN W. WINCHESTER, AND RONALD H. LOUCKS.
J WATER POLLUT CONTR FEDERATION, VOL 41, NO 7, P 1319-1329, JULY 1969. 11 P,
10 FIG, 5 TAB, 13 REF. CONTRACT NO AT(11-1)-1705AEC).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *GREAT LAKES, *TRACE ELEMENTS, *WATER POLLUTJON
EFFECTS, CHLORIDES, HALOGENS, ALGAE, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, WATER
CHEMISTRY, WATER ANALYSIS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*BROMINE, *IODINE.
ABSTRACT:
THIS STUDY INVOLVES THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS I, BR, AND CL
IN THE GREAT LAKES, USING NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF 90 WATER
SAMPLES FROM LAKE SUPERIOR AND ITS TRIBUTARY STREAMS, LAKE MICHIGAN,
- SOUTHERN LAKE HURON, LAKE ST. CLAIR, WESTERN LAKE ERIE, AND NORTHERN
LAKE ONTARIO. POSSIBLE POLLUTION BY BROMINE THROUGH AN ATMOSPHERIC
ROUTE IS OF INTEREST BECAUSE OF THE COMBUSTION OF LEADED GASOLINE.
IODINE DEFICIENCY IN LAKE WATER MAY BE RELATED TO THYROID DISORDERS
AMONG MARINE FISH WHICH HAVE BECOME ADAPTED TO FRESH WATER, AND ALGAE
MAY OFFER COMPETITION FOR THE AVAILABLE IODINE. CHLORINE IS A
NOTICEABLE CONTAMINANT EXCEPT IN LAKE SUPERIOR. THE LAKE SUPERIOR
STREAMS APPEAR TO REPRESENT A GOOD AVERAGE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS OF
I, BR, AND CL. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05A, 02K
ACCESSION NO. W69-08562
41
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WILL A LAKE AIRPORT BEST SERVE THE CHICAGO AREA.
OPEN LANDS PROJECT, CHICAGOt SEP 1968. 56 P, 3 ILLUS, 3 APPEND.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER MANAGEMENT, *WATER POLLUTION, *RECREAT10N,
ASOCIAL VALUES, OIL WASTES, POLLUTANTS, RECREATION FACILITIES,
POLITICAL ASPECTS.
ABSTRACT:
THIS REPORT PRESENTS A NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE CONSTRUCTION BY
THE CITY OF CHICAGO OF A PROPOSED LARGE AIRPORT IN LAKE MICHIGAN.
ALTHOUGH THIS PAPER DEALS WITH MANY FACTORS NOT RELATED TO WATER, A
NUMBER OF POINTS IS MADE REGARDING WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN AN
URBAN CONTEXT. THE FOLLOWING TOPICS WERE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL:
COMPARISON OF SITE COSTS, POPULATION GROWTH FACTORS, POLITICAL
IMPLICATIONS, TIME SCHEDULE, CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS, AIRPORT AND RUNWAY
ORIENTATION, AIR SAFETY, NOISE HAZARDS, GROUND TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY,
AIR POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION, EFFECTS ON RECREATIONAL BOATING,
RELATED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS, AND CIVIC BEAUTY. A NUMBER OF
CONCLUSIONS RELATED TO WATER MANAGEMENT WAS MADE. CONSTRUCTION OF A
POLDER-TYPE LAKE AIRPORT WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO TWO TYPES OF WATER
POLLUTION ASSUMING AIRPORT RUNOFF IS TREATED, POLLUTION FROM
AEROSOL-TYPE EXHAUSE FROM JET AIRCRAFT, AND POLLUTION EFFECTS CAUSED BY
THE DISRUPTION OF LAKE CIRCULATION PATTERNS. TRANSPORTATION CAUSEWAYS
AS WELL AS THE AIRPORT ITSELF WOULD BE DETRIMENTAL TO RECREATION USES
OF THE LAKE. FINALLY, THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN AIRPORT IN LAKE MICHIGAN
WOULD SERIOUSLY IMPAIR THE VALUE OF THE CITY'S ONLY UNIQUE NATURAL
RESOURCE. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W69-08892
42
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ILLINOIS AND DESPLAINES RIVERS.
ILL ANN STAT CH 19t SECS 38-41 (SMITH-HURD 1963).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *NAVIGABLE RIVERS, *CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT, *NAVIGATION, DAMS,
STATE GOVERNMENTS, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, UNITED STATES, ADMINISTRATIVE
AGENCIES, CHANNELS, LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER SUPPLY, RIVERS, NAVIGABLE
WATERS, STREAMS, OBSTRUCTION TO FLOW, LEGISLATION, LEGAL ASPECTS, WATER
LAW, WATER POLICY, GRANTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
SLACK-WATER.
ABSTRACT:
THE STATE WORKS AT HENRY AND COPPERAS CREEK AND THE RIVER NOW
SLACK-WATERED BY SAID WORKS, ARE HEREBY CEDED TO THE UNITED STATES ON
THE CONDITION THAT EXISTING DAMS BE REMOVED WHENEVER SUFFICIENT DEPTH
FOR NAVIGATION CAN BE SECURED THROUGH CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT. IF
ACCEPTANCE OF THE SAID WORKS ON THIS CONDITION DOES NOT OCCUR WITHIN A
YEARS AFTER THIS ACT BECOMES LAW, THE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
WORKS IS AUTHORIZED TO REMOVE THE DAMS AT HENRY AND COPPERAS CREEK.
THIS ACT OF CESSION IS BASED UPON THE CONDITION THAT THE PLAN OF
IMPROVING NAVIGATION IN THE ILLINOIS RIVER BY DAMS AND LOCKS BE CHANGED
TO A PLAN OF IMPROVEMENT BY AN OPEN CHANNEL IN CONJUNCTION WITH A WATER
SUPPLY FROM LAKE MICHIGAN. THE DESPLAINES AND ILLINOIS RIVERS ARE
HEREBY RECOGNIZED AS AND DECLARED TO BE NAVIGABLE STREAMS. EXPLICIT
AUTHORITY FROM THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IS NECESSARY FOR THE ERECTION OF
ANY STRUCTURE IN OR ACROSS SAID STREAMS. THE GOVERNOR A.ND GENERAL
ASSEMBLY ARE HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND DIRECTED TO TAKE THE LEGAL ACTIONS
NECESSARY TO REMOVE ALL AND EVERY OBSTRUCTION IN SAID RIVERS THAT
INTERFERE WITH THE INTENT AND PURPOSE OF THIS ACT. (CARRUTHERS-FLA)
FIELD 04A, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-09119
43
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JURISDICTION OVER LAKE MICHIGAN; JURISDICTION OVER RIVERS.
ILL ANN STAT CH 34, SECS 2, 3 (SMITH-HURD 1960).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *JURISDICTION, *BOUNDARIES(SURFACES), *RIVERS, LEGISLATION,
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, OHIO RIVER, LEGAL
ASPECTS.
ABSTRACT:
EACH COUNTY BOUNDED BY EITHER THE MISSISSIPPI, OHIO OR WABASH RIVER
SHALL HAVE JURISDICTION OVER SUCH RIVER TO THE EXTENT IT IS SO BOUNDED
WHICH JURISDICTION MAY BE EXERCISED CONCURRENTLY WITH THE CONTIGUOUS
STATES BOUNDED BY SUCH RIVER. EACH OF THE COUNTIES BORDERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN SHALL HAVE JURISDICTION OVER SAID LAKE EASTWARDLY, TO THE EAST
LINE OF THE STATE. (HECKERLING-FLA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-09129
44
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NATURAL DISPLACEMENT OF POLLUTION FROM THE GREAT LAKES,
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB. TENN.
ROBERT H. RAINEY.
SCIENCE, VOL 155, P 1242-1243, MAR 10, 1967. 1 FIG, 1 TAB, 3 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *MODEL STUDIES, *FLOW RATES, *EUTROPHICATION, POLLUTANTS,
WATER POLLUTION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*NATURAL DISPLACEMENT.
ABSTRACT:
A SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A LAKE SYSTEM (ASSUMPTIONS OF EQUAL
FLOW RATE TO AND FROM THE LAKE, CONSTANT CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN
STREAMS ENTERING THE LAKE CONSTANT RATE OF POLLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION
OF POLLUTANTS IN LAKE VOLUME) INDICATES THAT IF THE POLLUTION OF THE
GREAT LAKES WERE DISCONTINUED, THE NATURAL FLOW THROUGH THE LOWER GREAT
LAKES WOULD BE SUFFICIENT TO REMOVE ABOUT 90 PERCENT OF THE WASTE IN
. ABOUT 20 YEARS. ON THE OTHER HAND, HUNDREDS OF YEARS WOULD BE REQUIRED
TO DISPLACE THE POLLUTION FROM LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE SUPERIOR.
ALTHOUGH THE MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP IGNORES MANY FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE CONTAMINATION OF LAKES, IT IS A CLOSE REPRESENTATION OF THE LOWER
GREAT LAKES BECAUSE OF THEIR RELATIVE SHALLOWNESS. QUANTITATIVE DATA IS
DIAGRAMMED. (SHERMAN-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05G
ACCESSION NO. W69-09311
45
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Jl KUP.H1CATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE GREAT LAKES,
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, ANN ARBOR, MICH.
ALFRED M. BEETON.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, VOL 10, NO 2, P 240-254, 1965. 4 FIG, 3 TAB, 52
REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *EUTROPHICAT ION, *HYPOLIMNION, *LAKE MORPHOMETRY, *LAKE
MORPHOLOGY, *DISSOLVED OXYGEN, *DISSOLVED SOLIDS, *NUTRIENTS,
OLIGOTROPHY, PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, BIOTA, SEWAGE DISPOSAL, DOMESTIC
WASTES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*MESOTROPHY, TRANSPARENCY, SPECIFIC CONDUCTION.
ABSTRACT:
LAKES HURON, MICHIGAN, AND SUPERIOR ARE CLASSIFIED AS OLIGOTROPhIC
LAKES ON THE BASIS OF THEIR BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS. LAKE ONTARIO, ALTHOUGH RICH IN NUTRIENTS, IS
MORPHOMETRICALLY OLIGOTROPHIC OR MESOTROPHIC BECAUSE OF ITS LARGE AREA
OF DEEP WATER. LAKE ERIE, THE MOST PRODUCTIVE OF THE LAKES AND THE
SHALLOWEST, IS EUTROPHIC. SEVERAL CHANGES COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH
EUTROPHICATION IN SMALL LAKES HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN THE GREAT LAKES.
THESE CHANGES APPARENTLY REFLECT ACCELERATED EUTROPHICATION IN THE
GREAT LAKES DUE TO MAN'S ACTIVITY. CHEMICAL DATA COMPILED FROM A NUMBER
OF SOURCES, DATING AS EARLY AS 1854, INDICATE A PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN
THE CONCENTRATIONS OF VARIOUS MAJOR IONS AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN
ALL OF THE LAKES EXCEPT LAKE SUPERIOR. THE PLANKTON HAS CHANGED
SOMEWHAT IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND THE PLANKTON, BENTHOS, AND FISH
POPULATIONS OF LAKE ERIE ARE GREATLY DIFFERENT TODAY FROM THOSE OF THE
PAST. AN EXTENSIVE AREA OF HYPOLIMNETIC WATER OF LAKE ERIE HAS
DEVELOPED LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN LATE SUMMER WITHIN
RECENT YEARS. THE INFORMATION IS DETAILED IN TABLES AND GRAPHS.
(SHERMAN-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-09315
46
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WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND LAKE EUTROPHICATION: THE LAKE WASHINGTON CASE,
WASHINGTON UNIV.t SEATTLE. DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY.
W. THOMAS EDMONDSON.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY, WASHINGTON UNIV PRESSt SEATTLE,
P 139-178, 1968. 2 FIG, 1 TAB, 104 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKES, *EUTROPHICATION, *SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, *NUTRIENTS, *NITROGEN,
PHOSPHORUS, SULFATES, VITAMINS, ALGAE, GROWTH RATES, COPPER SULFATE,
BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, WASHINGTON, DISSOLVED OXYGEN.
IDENTIFIERS:
"EFFLUENT DIVERSION, *WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT, *LAKE WASHINGTON,
*SEWAGE FERTILIZATION EFFECTS, *BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY, AQUATIC
NUISANCES, TRANSPARENCY, AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, NUTRIENT BUDGETS,
COMPARATIVE STUDIES, NUTRIENT REMOVAL, LAKE RECOVERY, WISCONSIN, LAKE
MONONA, LAKE MENDOTA, LAKE WAUBESA, LAKE KEGONSA, LAKE ZURICH,
OSCILLATORIA RUBESCENS, CLADOPHORA, DINOBRYON DIVERGENS, SWITZERLAND,
LAKE LUCERNE, LAKE CONSTANCE, WASHINGTON, PUGET SOUND, BARE
LAK.E (ALASKA), LAKE LYNGBY SO(DENMARK), LAKE TAHOE (CAL I F ) , LAKE
MAGGIORE(ITALY), SPECIES DOMINANCE.
ABSTRACT:
LAKE WASHINGTON^ CASE PARALLELS OTHER LAKES WORLDWIDE WHERE CULTURAL
EUTROPHICATION HAS LED TO INCREASED BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY, LIMITING
WATER USES. FIRST DEFINITE INDICATION OF ENRICHMENT APPEARED IN 1955
WITH ABUNDANCE OF OSCILLATORIA RUBESCENS, FOLLOWED BY REDUCTIONS IN
TRANSPARENCY AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVELS IN WAT.ER. PRESENT SOLUTION TO
THE PROBLEM HAS BEEN ALMOST TOTAL DIVERSION OF EFFLUENTS FROM THE LAKE,
COMPLETED IN 1967 AT A COST OF $85 MILLION (INCLUDING NEW TREATMENT
FACILITIES). EVIDENCE OF THE ROLE OF SEWAGE IN FERTILIZATION AND LAKE
DETERIORATION COMES FROM MANY SOURCES: DIRECT OBSERVATION; URBANIZATION
FOLLOWED BY SYMPTOMS. OF INCREASED LAKE PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRIENT BUDGET
STUDIES, INDICATING RELATIVE NUTRIENT PERCENTAGES FROM DIFFERENT
SOURCES; COMPARISON OF SIMILAR LAKES IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS; CHANGES
RESULTING FROM SEWAGE EFFLUENT DIVERSIONS AROUND LAKES; BIOASSAY
TECHNIQUES OF LAKE WATER SAMPLES; AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ALGAE
GROWN IN NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS. THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS
NUTRIENTS AND MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS IN LAKES ARE DEPENDENT
ON SEVERAL INTERRELATED FACTORS INCLUDING DIVERSE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT
COMBINATIONS OF NUTRIENTS, AND VARIETY IN REACTIONS BY SPECIES TO
NUTRIENTS. IMPROVED METHODS OF NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM SEWAGE WILL
UNDOUBTEDLY DEVELOP, BUT AT PRESENT, EFFLUENT DIVERSION IS THE ONLY
SURE METHOD OF CONTROLLING ENRICHMENT OF LAKES. (KETELLE-WIS)
FIELD 05G, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-09349
47
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SIMULATION OF FLOOD FLOW DIVERSION FROM A LAKE SYSTEM,
SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV., DALLAS, TEX. INST. OF TECH.; AND NORTHWESTERN
UNIV., EVANSTON, ILL. TECHNOLOGICAL INST.
JERRY R. ROGERS, AND ROBERT S. GEMMELL.
PROC, THIRD ANNU AMER WATER RESOURCES CONF, P 285-294, NOV 1967. 10 P, 2 TAB,
3 FIG, 3 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^-SIMULATION ANALYSIS, *FLOOD CONTROL, *STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, *LAKE
MICHIGAN, MONTE CARLO METHOD, HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS, DIVERSION,
STATE-DISCHARGE RELATIONS, FLOOD ROUTING, OVERFLOW.
IDENTIFIERS:
THE CHAIN OF LAKES.
ABSTRACT:
A SIMULATION MODEL BASED ON FLOODING ON THE CHAIN OF LAKES (GRASS, FOX,
NIPPERSINK AND PISTAKEE LAKES) AND THE ASSESSMENT OF FLOW DIVERSION TO
LAKE MICHIGAN AS A MEANS OF REDUCING FLOOD DAMAGES WAS DEVELOPED. THE
STUDY WAS DIRECTED AT THE EVALUATION OF WATER EXPORT AS A MEANS FOR
CONTROLLING FLOODS ON A SMALL LAKE SYSTEM. STOCHASTIC FLOOD SIMULATIONS
WERE BASED ON THE HISTORY OF LAKE LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS AND AN ESTIMATE OF
THE STAGE VOLUME RELATIONSHIP FOR THE LAKES. THE LAKE DATA WAS REDUCED
TO PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND FLOWS GENERATED BY MONTE CARLO (RANDOM
NUMBER) SAMPLING TECHNIQUES. A GENERATED LARGE FLOOD SEQUENCE WAS
SELECTED FOR SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF DIVERSION CAPACITY AND OVERFLOW
ELEVATION. THE FLOOD PEAK REDUCTION RESULTS WITH CHANGING DIVERSION
SIZE WERE EXHIBITED. THE HYDROGRAPHS SHOWED THAT A SMALL CHANGE IN
DIVERSION SIZE WOULD NOT APPRECIABLY ALTER THE FLOOD PEAK. THE USE OF
GENERAL PURPOSE SYSTEMS SIMULATION LANGUAGE FACILITATED THE
CONSTRUCTION OF THE COMPUTER MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF LAKE FLOODING AND
DIVERSION. (THIURI-CORNELL)
FIELD 06A
ACCESSION NO. W69-09365
48
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LEVEL OF LAKE MICHIGAN.
ILL ANN STAT CH 19, SECS 119-120 (SMITH-HURD 1963).
DESCRIPTORS:
"ILLINOIS, #GREAT LAKES, *WATER LEVELS, *REGULATION, ADMINISTRATIVE
AGENCIES, COORDINATION, LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER CONVEYANCE, SURVEYS,
CITIES, PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION, PROJECTS, LEGISLATION, LEGAL ASPECTS,
LAKES, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, ADMINISTRATION, PROJECT
PLANNING, DATA COLLECTIONS, CONTRACTS.
ABSTRACT:
THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND BUILDINGS SHALL REGULATE AND
MAINTAIN THE LEVELS OF THE GREAT LAKES AND ALSO SUGGEST REGULATIONS FOR
THE DIVERSION OF WATER THEREFROM. IT SHALL MAKE ALL NECESSARY SURVEYS
AND ENTER INTO ANY AGREEMENTS WITH CITIES AND OTHER AGENCIES, BOTH
STATE AND FEDERAL, IN ORDER TO CARRY OUT THESE DUTIES. (BREEZE-FLA)
FIELD 04A, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-09422
49
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SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS OF LAKE MICHIGAN DIATOMSt
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIESt ANN ARBORf MICH.
RUTH E. HOLLAND.
LIMNOL AND OCEANOGR, VOL 14, NO 3, P 423-436, MAY 1969. 14 P, 7 FIG, 3 TAB,
32 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DIATOMS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEASONAL, SAMPLING, PLANT POPULATIONS,
BIOMASS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WATER ANALYSIS,
NITRATES, PHOSPHATES, CHLOROPHYLL.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE MICHIGAN DIATOMS.
ABSTRACT:
WATER SAMPLES CONTAINING DIATOMS WERE COLLECTED AT 4 AREAS OF LAKE
MICHIGAN AND GREEN BAY FROM APRIL TO NOVEMBER 1965. THE FLORA OF THE
LAKE IS CHARACTERIZED BY 7 DIATOM SPECIES AND THE GREEN BAY WATER IS
CHARACTERIZED BY 6 SPECIES, WITH STEPHANODISCUS NIAGARAE DOMINATING THE
BIQMASS OF THE BAY. THERE WAS AN AVERAGE OF 517 DIATOMS PER ML IN THE
LAKE AND 944 PER ML IN GREEN BAY. DIATOM ABUNDANCE APPEARED TO HAVE 1
PEAK IN THE LAKE AND 2 PEAKS IN THE BAY. THE HIGHER POPULATION NEAR THE
EASTERN SHORE OF THE LAKE AND IN GREEN BAY APPEARED TO BE CORRELATED
WITH HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS OF PHOSPHOROUS AND CHLOROPHYLL AND LOWER
CONCENTRATIONS OF NITRATE. (GABRIEL-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 05C
ACCESSION NO. W69-09679
50
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THE IMPORTANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR PRODUCTS OF ALGAE IN FRESHWATER,
UNIVERSITY COLL., LONDON (ENGLAND). DEPT. OF BOTANY.
G. E. FOGG, AND D. F. WESTLAKE.
VERH INT VEREIN THEOR ANGEW LIMNOL, VOL 12, P 219-232, 1953. 3 FIG, 2 TAB, 20
REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*ALGAE, *FRESH WATER, *PEPTIDES, COPPER, IRON, IONS, PHOSPHATES,
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, TOXICITY, CHLOROPHYTA, LAKES, RESERVOIRS, NITROGEN,
GROWTH, AMINO ACIDS, CHLAMYDOMONAS, CHLORELLA, WISCONSIN, LAKE
MICHIGAN, PHYTOPLANKTON, DIATOMS, ECOLOGY, SOIL, CULTURES, CYANOPHYTA,
WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*EXTRACELLULAR PRODUCTS, ANABAENA CYLINDRICA, ZINC, XANTHOPHYCEAE,
BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, MYXOPHYCEAE, COMPLEX FORMATION, GROWTH-PROMOTING
PROPERTIES, CHLAMYDOMONAS MOEWUSII, CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA, TRIBONEMA
AEQUALE, NAVICULA PELLICULOSA, LAKE MENDOTA(WIS), ENGLAND,
LONDON(ENGLAND), ESTHWAITE(ENGLAND), LOWESWATER(ENGLAND), BARNES SOUTH
RESERVOIR(ENGLAND), WINDERMERE NORTH BASIN(ENGLAND), LOUGHRIGG
TARN(ENGLAND), BASSENTHWAITE(ENGLAND), TARN TARN(ENGLAND), SOLWAY
FIRTH(ENGLAND), LITTLE HAWESWATER(ENGLAND)> STAINES RESERVOIR(ENGLAND),
GLOEOTRICHIA NATANS, DSC ILLATORIA, BOTRYOCOCCUS, VOLVOX, UROGLENA,
APHANIZOMEMON, MICROCYSTIS, COELOSPHAERIUM.
ABSTRACT:
EXPERIMENTS WITH .PARTIALLY PURIFIED PREPARATIONS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR
POLYPEPTIDE, PRODUCED DURING NORMAL GROWTH OF THE CYANOPHYTE
(BLUE-GREEN ALGA), ANABAENA CYLINDRICA, SHOW THAT THIS MATERIAL FORMS
COMPLEXES WITH VARIOUS IONS INCLUDING THOSE OF COPPER, ZINC, FERRIC
IRON, PHOSPHATE AND CERTAIN ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. AUTHORS SUGGEST THAT
SUCH COMPLEX FORMATION MAY HAVE BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT EFFECTS, AND, AS
AN EXAMPLE, THEY SUGGEST THAT COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN EXTRACELLULAR
POLYPEPTIDE AND CUPRIC ION CONSIDERABLY REDUCES TOXICITY OF THE LATTER
TOWARD ANABAENA CYLINDRICA. THIS MAY EXPLAIN THE ERRATIC RESULTS OFTEN
OBTAINED WITH COPPER SULPHATE USED AS AN ALGICIDE. ALGAE REPRESENTING
OTHER CLASSES (CHLOROPHYCEAE, XANTHOPHYCEAE, BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) ALSO
PRODUCE EXTRACELLULAR PEPTIDE. THAT RELATIVELY SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF
PEPTIDE-NITROGEN OCCUR DISSOLVED IN LAKE WATERS HAS BEEN CONFIRMED FOR
A NUMBER OF ENGLISH LAKES AND RESERVOIRS. AUTHORS SUGGEST THAT THIS
PEPTIDE MAY ORIGINATE PARTIALLY FROM LIVING ALGAE AND THAT BY FORMING
COMPLEXES WITH OTHER DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES, IT MAY EXERT IMPORTANT
EFFECTS ON GROWTH OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS. SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES MAY NOT BE
NECESSARY, AND IN LAKES, COMPLEX-FORMING SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM
ORGANIC DECAY OR LIVING ALGAE, MAY EFFECTIVELY PRODUCE THE REQUISITE
ENVIRONMENT FOR CYANOPHYTES.(JONES-WIS)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W69-10180
51
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ACQUISITION OF SUBMERGED LANDS FOR PUBLIC PARK PURPOSES.
ILL ANN STAT CH 105, SECS 81, 83, 84, 92, 94 (SMITH-HURD 1952).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *PARKS, *LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, BEDS, LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN,
RIPARIAN RIGHTS, CONSTRUCTION, FINANCING, RECLAMATION, SHORELINES,
BRIDGES, NAVIGATION, TUNNELS.
ABSTRACT:
WHENEVER THE COMMISSIONERS OF LINCOLN PARK SHALL DECIDE TO MAKE AN
EXTENSION OVER AND UPON SUBMERGED LANDS UNDER LAKE MICHIGAN, IT SHALL
FILE THE PLAN WITH THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR APPROVAL. THE SUBMERGED
LANDS THUS ACQUIRED, THE SHORE LANDS AND RIPARIAN RIGHTS APPURTENANT
THERETO SHALL BE USED TO CREATE PUBLIC PARK FACILITIES. THE COSTS OF
ACQUISITION, RECLAMATION, AND CONSTRUCTION WILL BE PAID BY THE
COMMISSIONERS FROM GENERAL REVENUE OR INTEREST BEARING BONDS. EVERY
BOARD OF PARK COMMISSIONERS MAY EXTEND ANY PARK OR BOULEVARD OVER AND
UPON THE BED OF PUBLIC WATERS OR MAY CONNECT ANY TWO PARKS UNDER THE
SAME BOARD BY CONSTRUCTING A BOULEVARD EXTENDING UPON SUBMERGED LAND.
THE COMMISSIONERS MAY ALSO CONSTRUCT VIADUCTS, BRIDGES, AND TUNNELS IF
SUCH ARE ESSENTIAL TO SAID EXTENSION OR CONNECTION. LAND MAY BE
ACQUIRED BY PURCHASE OR CONDEMNATION. THE NEW BOUNDARY LINES AND
DIVIDING LINES WILL BE ESTABLISHED BY THE PROPER SUIT IN CHANCERY.
(DARRAGH-FLA)
FIELD D6E
ACCESSION NO. W69-10186
52
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POLITICS AND LAND USE: THE INDIANA SHORELINE OF LAKE MICHIGANt
CHICAGO UNIV.t ILL.
HAROLD M. MAYER.
ANNALS QF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERSf VOL 54, NO 4, DEC 1964. P
508-523, 3 FIG, 19 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAND USE, APOLITICAL ASPECTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, INDIANA, INDUSTRIES,
*RECREATION DEMAND, HARBORS, INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION, CONSERVATION,
DUNES, ILLINOIS.
IDENTIFIERS:
CONFLICTING USE, BURNS DITCH, ILLIANA HARBOR PROPOSAL, REGIONAL
PLANNING.
ABSTRACT:
THE ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE CONFLICT FOR USE OF LAND ON THE INDIANA
SHORELINE BETWEEN URBAN-INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS AND
RECREATION-CONSERVATION INTERESTS. IT DESCRIBES THE EXPANSION OF STEEL
MILLS AND THEIR NEED FOR HARBORS, THE STRUGGLE FOR FEDERAL HARBOR
DEVELOPMENT IN BURNS DITCH, ALTERNATIVE SITES TO BURNS DITCH FOR MAJOR
PORT AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, THE ILLIANA INTERSTATE 'TRI-CITIES'
HARBOR PROPOSAL, AND CONSERVATION AND RECREATION IN THE DUNES AREA. THE
CONFLICT FOR LAND ON LAKE MICHIGAN ILLUSTRATES THE DIFFICULTIES
RESULTING WHEN A GEOGRAPHICAL ENTITY OCCUPIES PORTIONS OF SEVERAL
POLITICAL UNITS, AND DEMONSTRATES THE POTENTIAL VALUE OF COMPREHENSIVE
METROPOLITAN AND.REGIONAL PLANNING. FOUR DECADES OF DELAY ON THE
PROPOSAL FOR AN INTERSTATE HARBOR ILLUSTRATE THE DIFFICULTIES OF
RATIONALLY DEVELOPING FACILITIES OF BENEFIT TO BOTH ILLINOIS AND
INDIANA. THE COMPLEXITY OF THESE ISSUES IS PRODUCING A CONDITION IN
WHICH POLITICAL PRESSURES DO NOT CONSTITUTE THE EFFECTIVE MECHANISM
NEEDED TO ACHIEVE THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION. OBJECTIVE CONSIDERATION OF
REGIONAL PROBLEMS BY QUALIFIED SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, WORKING THROUGH
LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND STATE PLANNING AGENCIES, IS RECOMMENDED.
(GOSSEN-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-10199
S3
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LAKE MICHIGAN RIGHTS OF RIPARIAN OWNERS.
IND ANN STAT SECS 62-701 THRU 62-703 (1962).
DESCRIPTORS:
*INDIANA, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, RECLAMATION, PARKS, BEDS,
LAKE BEDS, LANDFILLS, HARBORS, DOCKS, GREAT LAKES, GREAT LAKES REGION,
NAVIGABLE WATERS, RECREATION, EASEMENTS, LAND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS,
SURVEYS, LAND TENURE, LAND RECLAMATION, LEGAL ASPECTS, RIPARIAN LAND.
IDENTIFIERS:
ABUTTING LAND OWNERS.
ABSTRACT:
LAND OWNERS OR THE OWNERS OF ANY EASEMENT FOR PUBLIC PARK PURPOSES IN,
OVER, OR THROUGH ANY LAND BORDERING ON THE WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN HAVE
THE RIGHT TO RECLAIM SUBMERGED LANDS ADJACENT TO THEIR LANDS. SUBMERGED
LANDS BETWEEN THE SHORE AND THE DOCK OR HARBOR LINE ESTABLISHED BY THE
UNITED STATES MAY BE RECLAIMED. A PATENT FROM THE STATE SHALL ISSUE TO
THE OWNERS OF RECLAIMED LAND UPON PAYMENT OF A CERTAIN FEE PER ACRE.
THE RECLAIMED LAND MAY BE USED FOR COMMERCIAL, MANUFACTURING,
RECREATIONAL, AND PUBLIC PURPOSES. (MCDONOUGH-FLA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W69-10218
54
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INTERSTATE PORT DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS AND INDIANA.
IND ANN STAT SECS 68-401 THRU 68-405 (1961).
DESCRIPTORS:
*PORT AUTHORITIES, INTERSTATE COMMISSIONS, *ILLINOIS, ^INDIANA, STATE
GOVERNMENTS, HARBORS, GREAT LAKES REGION, LAKE MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI
RIVER, PROGRAMS, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, LEGISLATION, INTERSTATE
COMPACTS, TRANSPORTATION, NAVIGATION, BREAKWATERS, ENGINEERING
STRUCTURES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT, WATER TERMINALS, PORT AND WATERWAY
DEVELOPMENT, PORT DISTRICTS.
ABSTRACT:
THIS ACT WITNESSES A COMPACT BETWEEN INDIANA AND ILLINOIS THAT CREATES
A GOVERNMENTAL BODY TO COORDINATE PORT AND WATERWAY DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS IN THE CHICAGO-LAKE MICHIGAN AREA. WITHIN THE AGREEMENT'S
THIRTEEN ARTICLES ARE PROVISIONS FOR THE JURISDICTION, SPECIFIC POWERS,
AND DUTIES OF THE PORT AUTHORITY. THE PORT DISTRICT CONSISTS OF THE
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN WITHIN THE RESPECTIVE BOUNDARIES OF THE TWO
STATES AND ALL OF THE RIVERS COMMON TO THE STATES, INCLUDING ALL
HARBORS, PIERS, BREAKWATERS, AND STRUCTURES THEREIN. THE PORT AUTHORITY
IS GIVEN THE POWER TO ACQUIRE, OWN, CONSTRUCT, LEASE, OPERATE, AND
MAINTAIN SUCH PORT AND WATER TERMINAL FACILITIES AS ARE SPECIFICALLY
AUTHORIZED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF EITHER STATE. THE DUTIES OF THE PORT
AUTHORITY ARE TO STUDY, PREPARE, AND RECOMMEND BY SPECIFIC PROPOSALS
SUCH CHANGES AND MODIFICATIONS AS MAY BE REQUIRED TO DEVELOP AND
MAINTAIN A FULL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE IN THE PORT DISTRICT. BOTH
STATES PLEDGE MUTUAL COOPERATION AND AGREE TO SHARE THE EXPENSES OF THE
PORT AUTHORITY EXCEPT FOR THE CREATION OF A TERMINAL FACILITY WITHIN
ONE OF THE STATES. (SCHRAM-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E, 04A
ACCESSION NO. W70-00114
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INDIANA PORT COMMISSION.
IND ANN STAT SECS 68-1201 THRU 68-1227 (1961)t AS AMENDED, (SUPP 1968).
DESCRIPTORS:
"'INDIANA, *PORT AUTHORITIES, *CONSTRUCTION, ^FINANCING, FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT, LAKE MICHIGAN, RIPARIAN RIGHTS, HARBORS, CANALS, CANAL
CONSTRUCTION, DOCKS, CAPITAL COSTS, CONSTRUCTION COSTS, GOVERNMENT
FINANCE, EMINENT DOMAIN, TAXES, INCOME, TRANSPORTATION, LEGAL ASPECTS,
LEGISLATION, PLANNING, PUBLIC UTILITIES, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES.
ABSTRACT:
THE INDIANA PORT COMMISSION IS A FIVE-MEMBER COMMISSION APPOINTED BY
THE GOVERNOR TO CONSTRUCT A MODERN PORT WITH TERMINAL FACILITIES FOR
ALL FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION ON LAKE MICHIGAN AND/OR ON THE OHIO RIVER
IN DESIGNATED COUNTIES. THE COMMISSION IS AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE REVENUE
BONDS TO FINANCE CONSTRUCTION. THE GENERAL POWERS OF THE COMMISSION
INCLUDE: m THE PREPARATION OF PLANS AND CONTRACTS FOR PORT
FACILITIES; (2) THE ACQUISITION OF LAND BY PURCHASE, LEASE, AND EMINENT
DOMAIN; (3) THE RELOCATION OF PUBLIC ROADS, RAILROAD AND PUBLIC UTILITY
FACILITIES WHICH SHALL BE PAYABLE AS COSTS OF CONSTRUCTION; (4) THE
ISSUANCE OF PORT REVENUE BONDS, WHICH ARE NOT TO BE CONSIDERED DEBTS OF
THE STATE; AND (5) THE SETTING OF FEES AND CHARGES. ALL INCOME is TO BE
CONSIDERED TRUST FUNDS FOR PORT PURPOSES. THE COMMISSION AND ITS BONDS
ARE GIVEN CERTAIN TAX EXEMPTIONS. THE COMMISSION IS AUTHORIZED TO APPLY
FOR PERMISSION TO OPERATE A FOREIGN-TRADE ZONE AND TO CONSTRUCT CANALS
AND WATERWAYS. (MCDONOUGH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E, 04A
ACCESSION NO. W70-00116
56
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WATER LEVEL PROTECTION.
IND ANN STAT SECS 27-601 THRU 27-619 (1960), AS AMENDED, (SUPP 1968).
DESCRIPTORS:
*INDIANA, *WATER MANAGEMENT(APPLIED), *WATER LEVELS, *DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
DAMS, DAM CONSTRUCTION, DRAINAGE PRACTICES, LEVEES, BANK PROTECTION,
LAKES, FLOOD CONTROL, WATER LOSS, RIPARIAN RIGHTS, DITCHES, SPILLWAYS,
FRESH WATER, LAKE MICHIGAN, LEGISLATION, LEGAL ASPECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
INJUNCTIONS(PROHIBITORY), PENALTIES(CIVIL). -
ABSTRACT:
THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION MUST APPROVE ANY DRAINAGE WORKS OR
CHANGE OR DESTRUCTION OF ANY BANK, DAM, OR LEVEE THAT WOULD CHANGE THE
WATER LEVEL OF A PUBLIC FRESH-WATER LAKE. THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANY
DRAINAGE WORKS WITHIN ONE HUNDRED SIXTY RODS OF ANY FRESH-WATER LAKE IS
RESTRICTED UNLESS A DAM IS CONSTRUCTED TO PROTECT THE WATER LEVEL OF
THE LAKE. IT IS UNLAWFUL TO LOWER MORE THAN TWELVE INCHES THE LEVEL OF
ANY LAKE HAVING MORE THAN TWENTY ACRES. THIS ACT DOES NOT APPLY TO CITY
WATER RESERVOIRS, ELECTRICAL GENERATOR WATER SUPPLIES, OR TO THE WATERS
OF LAKE MICHIGAN. THE DEPARTMENT MAY EMPLOY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF TO
RESTRAIN UNAUTHORIZED CONSTRUCTION OR DRAINAGE. VIOLATIONS OF THIS ACT
ARE A MISDEMEANOR. (SEE W70-00123). (MCDONOUGH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 04A, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-00124
57
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WATER LEVEL PROTECTION (LAKES).
IND ANN STAT SECS 27-646 THRU 27-659 (1960), AS AMENDED, (SUPP 1968).
DESCRIPTORS:
*INDIANA, *CONSTRUCTION COSTS, *DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, *WATER LEVELS, LEGAL
ASPECTS, DAM CONSTRUCTION, DITCHES, LANDFILLS, LAND FORMING, COSTS,
RIPARIAN RIGHTS, LAKE SHORES, ADMINISTRATION, LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN,
ASSESSMENTS, ACCRET ION (L EGAL ASPECTS.), LEGISLATION, ADMINISTRATIVE
AGENCIES.
IDENTIFIERS:
PENALTIES(CIVIL).
ABSTRACT:
EACH COUNTY MAY ESTABLISH A GENERAL LAKE IMPROVEMENT FUND. THE SURVEYOR
IN CHARGE OF A LAKE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MUST COMPUTE THE COSTS OF THE
PROJECT, APPORTION THE COSTS AGAINST THE LAND BENEFITED, ESTABLISH A
TIME FOR PAYMENT OF ASSESSMENT, AND PUBLISH NOTICE OF ASSESSMENTS AS
LIENS ON THE LAND. FAILURE OF THE SURVEYOR TO FAITHFULLY DISCHARGE HIS
DUTIES IS A MISDEMEANOR. PETITIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGE
WORKS WITHIN THE PROSCRIBED DISTANCE OF A LAKE MAY ASK THAT ABUTTING
LANDOWNERS, THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION, OR THE APPROPRIATE COUNTY
PARTICIPATE IN THE COSTS OF THE PROJECT. NO ACCRETIONAL RIGHTS ACCRUE
TO RIPARIAN OWNERS BY THE LOWERING OF ANY LAKE WATER LEVEL BY DRAINAGE
OR BY EXTENDING THE SHORELINE OUT INTO THE WATER BY FILLING WITHOUT THE
WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE DEPARTMENT. THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH MUST
APPROVE ALL PROPOSED SEWAGE DISPOSAL FACILITIES. LAKE MICHIGAN IS NOT
AFFECTED BY THIS ACT. (SEE W70-00123) (MCDONOUGH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 04A, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-00127
58
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CIRCULATION AND THEMOCLINE DEVELOPMENT IN A ROTATING LAKE MODEL,
MASSACHUSETTS INST. OF TECH., CAMBRIDGE. DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.
DONALD R. F. HARLEMAN, ROBERT M. BUNKER, AND JAMES B. HALL.
UNIV OF MICHIGAN, GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIVISION, PUB NO 11, P 340-356, 1964.
11 FIG, 3 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER),
GREAT LAKES, LAKE
CIRCULATION.
*CORIOLIS FORCE, *THERMAL STRATIFICATION, WINDS,
MICHIGAN, THERMOCLINE, AIK CIRCULATION, WATER
ABSTRACT:
MODEL STUDIES WERE MADE TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF CORIOLIS FORCE,
THERMAL STRATIFICATION AND SURFACE CURRENTS ON CIRCULATION AND
THERMOCLINE IN LAKE MICHIGAN DURING THE SUMMER SEASON. DETAILED
INVESTIGATIONS IN BOTH STATIC AND ROTATING MODELS WERE MADE FOR TWO
CASES: (1) NORTH AND SOUTH WIND COMPONENTS OPERATING TOGETHER AND (2)
SOUTH WIND OPERATING ALONE; AND WITH: (1) ISOTHERMAL LAKE, (2) 40-FT
THERMOCLINEt AND (3) 25-FT THERMOCLINE. CONCLUSIONS WERE, FOR SURFACE
CURRENTS: (1) ROTATION OF THE LAKE MODEL PRODUCES MAJOR CHANGES IN THE
PATTERN OF SURFACE CURRENTS, (2) THE EXISTENCE AND DEPTH OF A
THERMOCLINE HAS A DEFINITE EFFECT ON BOTH T.HE DIRECTION AND THE
VELOCITY OF SURFACE CURRENTS PRODUCED BY A CONSTANT WIND SOURCE. FOR
TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION, IT WAS NOTED THAT (1) UPON THE INCIDENCE OF
THERMAL HEATING AT THE LAKE MODEL SURFACE A THERMOCLINE WAS ALMOST
IMMEDIATELY FORMED, (2) A CONSISTENT TEMPERATURE GRADIENT OCCURS NEAR
THE EPILIMNION ZONE, AND (3) THE SHAPE OF THE CLINOLIMNION ZONE
INDICATES THAT TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION MAY WELL FOLLOW DIFFUSION
THEORY. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS WERE (1) MODELING OF GRAVITATIONAL AND
CORIOLIS FORCES IS APPARENTLY FEASIBLE AND (2) MORE DATA ON ACTUAL
CONDITIONS EXISTING IN LAKE MICHIGAN ARE REQUIRED BEFORE ACCURATE
MODELING CAN BE OBTAINED. (GUERRERO-VANDERBILT )
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-00153
59
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CHICAGO REGIONAL PORT COMMISSION.
IND ANN STAT SECS 68-301 THRU 68-305 (1961).
DESCRIPTORS:
*PORT AUTHORITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *INDIANA, ^ILLINOIS, INTERSTATE
COMMISSIONS, GREAT LAKES REGION, MULTIPLE-PURPOSE PROJECTS, RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT, NAVIGATION, OPTIMUM DEVELOPMENT PLANS, FEASIBILITY
STUDIES, TRANSPORTATION, STATE GOVERNMENTS, PROGRAMS, HARBORS.
IDENTIFIERS:
CHICAGO.
ABSTRACT:
THE CHICAGO REGIONAL PORT COMMISSION WAS ESTABLISHED TO INVESTIGATE AND
REPORT UPON THE FEASIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING A PERMANENT INTERSTATE PORT
AUTHORITY WITHIN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT EMBRACED BY THE LAKE
MICHIGAN SHORE LINE, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS AS TO MEMBERSHIP OF THE
GOVERNING BODY, PROPOSED METHOD OF APPOINTMENT, DUTIES AND POWERS,
JURISDICTION, AND PROBABLE EXPENSES INVOLVED IN MAINTENANCE OF SUCH
PORT AUTHORITY. IN ADDITION, THE COMMISSION WAS GIVEN THE AUTHORITY TD
STUDY, PREPARE INFORMATION, AND MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS WITH THE ULTIMATE:
GOAL OF BRINGING INTO EXISTENCE A FULL DEVELOPMENT OF SAID DISTRICT'S
WATER TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES SO AS TO LEAD TO A REVIVAL OF SAID
DISTRICT AS A CENTER OF WATER TRANSPORTATION IN REALIZATION OF THE
NATURAL ADVANTAGES OF THIS COMMUNITY. FIFTEEN THOUSAND DOLLARS WAS
APPROPRIATED TO PAY EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE COMMISSION. THIS WAS TO BE
USED TO PAY THE ACTUAL EXPENSES OF THE COMMISSIONERS AND PAY FOR THE
EMPLOYMENT OF NECESSARY ENGINEERING, LEGAL, AND CLERICAL ASSISTANTS.
THIS ACT WAS TO TAKE FORCE ONLY UPON THE PASSAGE OF EQUAL
APPROPRIATIONS BY THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
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DAMS AND OBSTRUCTIONS - PROTECTION OF FISH.
IND ANN STAT SECS 11-11-1 THRU 11-1112 (1956).
DESCRIPTORS:
^INDIANA, *DAMS, ^OBSTRUCTION TO FLOWf *FISH CONSERVATION, LEGISLATION,
LEGAL ASPECTS, RIVERS, STREAMS, PONDS, RESERVOIRS, LAKES, FISH
STOCKING, FISHING, CITIES, IMPOUNDED WATERS, CANALS, OUTLETS,
INVESTIGATIONS, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, REGULATION, ILLINOIS, OHIO
RIVER, WEIRS, NETS, PUMPS, LAKE MICHIGAN, FLOW CONTROL, FLOW,
ADMINISTRATION, FISH, FISH MANAGEMENT, WATER POLICY, WATER
CONSERVATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*PUBLIC USE, *NATURAL WATERBODIES, PENALTIES(CRIMINAL), WABASH RIVER.
ABSTRACT:
ANY PERSON OWNING, OPERATING OR CONTROLLING ANY DAM OR OTHER
OBSTRUCTION ACROSS ANY WATERCOURSE IN THE STATE MUST PERMIT A FLOW OF
WATER THROUGH SAME SUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN FISH IN THE WATERCOURSE BELOW
SUCH DAM OR OTHER OBSTRUCTION; SUCH PERSONS MUST ALSO KEEP A SUFFICIENT
AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE POND, RESERVOIR, OR LAKE ABOVE SUCH DAM OR OTHER
' OBSTRUCTION TO MAINTAIN FISH. THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT DO NOT APPLY
TO WATER IMPOUNDED FOR MUNICIPAL USES OR TO THE OHIO AND SPECIFIED
PORTIONS OF THE WABASH RIVERS. PERSONS VIOLATING THIS ACT ARE SUBJECT
TO CRIMINAL PENALTIES. IT IS THE DUTY OF THE CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT TO
MAKE APPROPRIATE INVESTIGATIONS PERSUANT TO THEIR POWER TO ENFORCE AND
ADMINISTER THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT. THE CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT MAY
CONSTRUCT AND MAINTAIN WEIRS AND NETS IN NATURAL BODIES OF WATER TO
INSURE THAT GAME FISH LI BERATED THEREIN WILL NOT ESCAPE TO WATER NOT
OPEN TO THE PUBLIC FOR FISHING. ALL PUMPS AND MACHINERY USED TO PUMP
WATER OUT OF LAKE MICHIGAN MUST BE DESIGNED SO AS TO PREVENT THE
KILLING OF FISH. (KEITH-FLORlDA)
FIELD 04A, 06E, 081
ACCESSION NO. W70-00195
61
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LAKE MICHIGAN POLLUTION AND CHICAGO'S SUPPLY,
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND SEWERS, CHICAGO, ILL.
HYMAN H. GERSTEIN.
J AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION, VOL 57, P 841-857, JULY 1965. 7 FIG, 7
TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER SUPPLY, INTAKES, NUTRIENTS, QUALITY CONTROL.,
TREATMENT FACILITIES, FILTRATION, SEWAGE, COLIFORMS, EUTROPHICAT ION,
ODOR, AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, ACTIVATED CARBON, CHLORINE, PHENOLS, OIL^
WASTES, HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION, FLUORIDES, ALKYL BENZENE
SULFONATES, WIND VELOCITY, TASTE, COAGULATION, PLANKTON, MONITORING,
TEMPERATURE, DETERGENTS, PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, DIATOMS, BIOCHEMICAL
OXYGEN DEMAND, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, COLOR, DISSOLVED SOLIDS,
BIODEGRADATION, ALGAE, IRON, SULFATES.
IDENTIFIERS:
^POLLUTION, *CHICAGO(ILL ), COOK COUNTY(ILL), CALUMET RIVER(ILL), POOLS,
WIND DIRECTION, TABELLARIA, FRAGILARIA, ASTER IONELLA, FILTER CLOGGING,
STEPHANODISCUS HANTZSCHII, STEPHANODISCUS BINDERANUS, CLADOCERA, WATER
MASSES, U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, GREAT LAKES-1LLI NO IS RIVER BASINS
PROJECT, INDIANA HARBOR SHIP CANAL.
ABSTRACT:
ALTHOUGH NO SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES ARE DISCHARGED ALONG 30 MILES
OF CHICAGO'S LAKE FRONT, GROSS POLLUTION EXISTS IN THE SOUTHERN END OF
LAKE MICHIGAN. DATA OVER 40 YEARS REVEAL QUALITY AT THE INTAKES, AND,
FROM 1950 TO 1964, ILLUSTRATE POLLUTIONAL TRENDS. A GENERAL INCREASE OF
EUTROPHICATION INDICATORS AND INCREASE IN NUMBER AND INTENSITY OF
PERIODS WHEN POLLUTANTS SERIOUSLY AFFECTED THE INTAKE AT THE SOUTH
PLANT APPEAR IN THE LAST TEN YEARS. SLUGS OF WASTES MAY HAVE ABNORMAL
ODORS, LIKE THOSE OF OIL REFINERY WASTES DILUTED WITH LAKE WATER. SINCE
1948, SAMPLES HAVE BEEN COLLECTED ONE DAY EACH WEEK AT ESTABLISHED
POINTS. POLLUTIONAL POOLS, INFLUENCED BY WIND-INDUCED LAKE CURRENTS,
WERE OBSERVABLE IN A SERIES OF TASTE AND ODOR INCIDENTS. THE PRINCIPAL
AGENT IN TREATMENT FOR REMOVAL OF TASTE AND ODOR IS ACTIVATED CARBON.
IN TREATING HIGHLY POLLUTED WATERS, APPLICATION OF CHLORINE SUFFICIENT
TO DECOMPOSE AMMONIA-NITROGEN MAY NOT ADEQUATELY DESTROY THE BACTERIA,
WHEREUPON BACTERIOLOGICALLY UNSAFE WATER MAY RESULT. INCREAS ING
PLANKTON GROWTH NECESSITATES MORE FREQUENT WASHING OF FILTERS;
INCREASED GROWTH OF FILAMENTOUS ALGAE TOGETHER WITH APPEARANCE OF NEW
SPECIES OF DIATOMS HAVE CAUSED ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS WITH FILTERS. AUTHOR
PRESENTS, AS PRACTICAL AND DESIRABLE, A SERIES OF CRITERIA FOR QUALITY
OF CHICAGO'S WATER SUPPLY. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05B, 05C, 05G
ACCESSION NO. W70-00263
62
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COMMERCIAL FISHING AND MUSSEL LICENSES.
IND ANN STAT SECS 11-1412 THRU 11-1419 (1956), AS AMENDED, (SUPP 1968).
DESCRIPTORS:
"INDIANA, *PERMITS, COMMERCIAL FISHING, *REGULATION, ADMINISTRATION,
MUSSELS, FISH, FISHING, WATER SPORTS, RECREATION, NETS, FISHING GEAR,
MOLLUSKS, MARINE ANIMALS, LAKE MICHIGAN, LEGAL ASPECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LICENSES.
ABSTRACT:
INDIANA REQUIRES LICENSES FOR COMMERCIAL FISHING. REGULATIONS
CONCERNING RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT COMMERCIAL FISHING LICENSES AND
FEES APPLICABLE TO LAKE MICHIGAN ARE PROVIDED. ALSO INCLUDED ARE
REGULATIONS CONCERNING LICENSE AND FEE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS FISHING
THE WABASH RIVER WHERE IT FORMS A COMMON BOUNDARY BETWEEN INDIANA AND
ILLINOIS AS WELL AS WHERE IT FLOWS WITHIN ILLINOIS. LICENSE PROVISIONS
AND FEES FOR RESIDENTS AND NON-RESIDENTS WHO TAKE MUSSELS OR MUSSEL
SHELLS ARE ALSO PROVIDED. (MOULDER-FLORIDA)
' FIELD. 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-00378
63
-------
EROSION CONTROL AND IMPROVEMENT OF NAVIGABLE WATERS.
IND ANN STAT SECS 48-5208, 48-5210 THRU 48-5219 (1963), AS AMENDED, (SUPP
1968).
DESCRIPTORS:
*INDIANA, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *EROSION CONTROL, *NAVIGARLE RIVERS, DOCKS,
HARBORS, NAVIGATION, BANK PROTECTION, BANK EROSION, EROSION, BEACHES,
BEACH EROSION, BANKS, LAKES, JETTIES, SEA WALLS, RIVER TRAINING,
CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT, CANALS, NAVIGABLE WATERS, CONDEMNATION, LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS, BASINS, JURISDICTION, LEGISLATION, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES.
ABSTRACT:
TO PREVENT EROSION OF THE BEACH, BANK, SHORE OR LAND ABUTTING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN, THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS OR COUNCIL OF ANY CITY OR TOWN IS
EMPOWERED TO CONSTRUCT PROPER JETTIES, GROINS AND SEA-WALLS, TO CAUSE
THE SHORE ON THE LAND SIDE OF SUCH SEA-WALLS TO BE FILLED, AND TO MAKE
IMPROVEMENTS AS REQUIRED BY LAW. ANY CITY OR TOWN MAY WIDEN,
STRAIGHTEN, OR DEEPEN ANY STREAM, WATER-COURSE, CANAL, NAVIGABLE! STREAM
OR LAKE FOR HARBOR, DOCK, OR WHARF PURPOSES OR TO FACILITATE
NAVIGATION. SUCH CITY MAY TAKE THE NECESSARY LAND BY GIFT, PURCHASE, OR
CONDEMNATION. IN THE CASE OF STREAMS OR NAVIGABLE RIVERS, THEY SHALL
NOT CONDEMN A STRIP MORE THAN THREE HUNDRED FEET WIDE UNLESS NECESSARY
TO CONSTRUCT A TURNING BASIN. SUCH CITY OR TOWN SHALL EXERCISE THIS
JURISDICTION FIVE MILES BEYOND ITS CORPORATE LIMITS, EXCEPT THAT
PERMISSION SHALL BE NECESSARY WHEN ANY OTHER CITY OR TOWN FALLS WITHIN
SUCH FIVE MILE JURISDICTION. TWO OR MORE CITIES MAY JOIN IN SUCH WORK
OR IN ANY PROJECT TO CONSTRUCT A SWINGING GATE OR OTHER STRUCTURE.
WHERE A RIVER AND A CANAL UNITE, THEY SHALL BE CONSIDERED ONE RIVER.
(SMITH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 04D, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-00392
64
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LITTORAL RIGHTS ON THE GREAT LAKES,
JOHN F. POWER.
NOTRE DAME LAWYER, VOL 20, NO 4, P 424-428, JUNE 1945. 5 P, 22 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*G'REAT LAKES, *LITTORAL, *RIPARIAN LAND, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS, INDIANA, SHORES, BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), LAKE BEDS, LAKES, LAKE
MICHIGAN, PARKS, LAKE SHORES, LANDFILLS, EASEMENTS, PIERS, DOCKS,
MEANDERS, ACCRET ION(LEGAL ASPECtS), LEGAL ASPECTS, LOW WATER MARK, HIGH
WATER MARK, RELATIVE RIGHTS, CONTRACTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
BRIGHT OF ADJACENCY, *LITTORAL RIGHTS.
ABSTRACT:
LITTORAL IS A MORE ACCURATE TERM THAN RIPARIAN WHEN REFERRING TO
OWNERSHIP ON LAKE SHORES. LITTORAL RIGHTS NECESSARILY INCLUDE THE RIGHT
OF ADJACENCY ALTHOUGH COURTS DISAGREE AS TO WHETHER LITTORAL TITLE WILL
VEST TO THE HIGH OR LOW WATER MARK. EXCEPT FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES, THE
BEDS OF THE GREAT LAKES ARE NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO PRIVATE OWNERSHIP BUT
ARE HELD IN PUBLIC TRUST BY THE STATE. ALTHOUGH EARLY MICHIGAN CASES
INDICATED OTHERWISE, BOTH MICHIGAN AND ILLINOIS NOW ADHERE TO THE
DOCTRINE THAT LITTORAL RIGHTS EXTEND TO THE WATERS EDGE AND INCLUDE
RIGHTS OF ADJACENCY, ACCRETION, AND ACCESS* HOWEVER, SOME EXCEPTIONAL
CASES HAVE ARISEN IN CHICAGO WHERE THE PARK SYSTEM IS COMPOSED CHIEFLY
OF FILLED LAND AND THE SHORELINE IS NOW SOME DISTANCE FROM ITS ORIGINAL
LOCATION. THOSE CASES INVOLVE THE RIGHTS OF OWNERS WHO SURRENDERED
THEIR LITTORAL RIGHTS TO SUCH PARKS IN CONSIDERATION FOR THE PROMISE
THAT THE PARKS WOULD BEAUTIFY THEIR PROPERTY AND THAT THEIR VIEW WOULD
REMAIN UNOBSTRUCTED. TO POSSESS LITTORAL RIGHTS IN INDIANA, THE OWNER'S
LAND MUST BORDER ON THE WATER. THE LITTORAL OWNER'S RIGHT TO FILL IS
COMMONLY GOVERNED BY LEGISLATION TODAY. (MARSEE-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E, 04A
ACCESSION NO. W70-00574
65
-------
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA IN THE GREAT
LAKES,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MILWAUKEE. DEPT. OF BOTANY.
RICHARD P. HERBST.
THE AMER MIDLAND NATUR, VOL 82, NO 1, P 90-98, JULY 1969. 9 P, 3 FIG, 1 TAB,
15 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^ECOLOGY, *EUTROPHICATION, *GREAT LAKES, *ALGAE, NUTRIENTS, PHOSPHORUS,
POPULATION, POLLUTANTS, MAPPING, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, CITIES, LAKE HURON,
LAKE ERIE, LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER TEMPERATURE, PHOSPHATES,
TURBIDITY.
IDENTIFIERS:
CLADOPHORA
GLOMERATA.
ABSTRACT:
NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT IN THE GREAT LAKES HAS PROVIDED FERTILE AREAS FOR
GROWTH OF ALGAL NUISANCES. ONE OF THESE SPECIES, CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA,
HAS BECOME A MAJOR PROBLEM FOR MANY CITIES BORDERING THE GREAT LAKES.
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS CONCERNING ITS GROWTH IN MILWAUKEE'S HARBOR WERE
STUDIED, AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE GREAT.LAKES DETERMINED. PHOSPHORUS
LEVELS APPEAR TO BE CLOSELY LINKED WITH CLADOPHORA INCREASES.
(GABRIEL-USGS)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-00667
66
-------
DRAINAGE (CHICAGO SANITARY DISTRICT).
ILL ANN STAT CH 42, SECS 362 THRU 365, 368t 370t 372A, 381 (SMITH-HURD 1956).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SANITARY ENGINEERINGt *PUBLIC HEALTH,
LEGISLATION, REGULATION, ADMINISTRATION, SEWAGE, SEWAGE TREATMENT,
LOCKS, DAMS, CANALS, NAVIGATION, CHANNELS, CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT,
MUNICIPALITIES, TAXES, ASSESSMENTS.
ABSTRACT:
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO MAY PROVIDE
FOR THE DRAINAGE OF ADDITIONAL TERRITORY ADDED TO THE DISTRICT. THE
BOARD MAY PROVIDE CHANNELS, DRAINS, AND DITCHES FOR CARRYING OFF
SEWAGE. THE DISTRICT'S POWERS AND JURISDICTION OVER ADDED TERRITORY
SHALL BE THE SAME AS THAT VESTED IN IT OVER THE TERRITORY ALREADY
INCLUDED WITHIN THE LIMITS OF SAID SANITARY DISTRICT. THE DISTRICT
SHALL PERMIT ALL WATERCRAFT NAVIGATING THE ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL
TO NAVIGATE THE WATER OF ALL CHANNELS OF THE SANITARY DISTRICT WITHOUT
DELAY AND WITHOUT PAYMENT OF TOLLS. THE DISTRICT HAS NO POWER TO LEVY
AND COLLECT ANY SPECIAL ASSESSMENT OR TAX UPON ANY PART OF THE ADDED
TERRITORY. THE DISTRICT MAY CONSTRUCT ALL DAMS NORTH OF THE UPPER BASIN
- OF THE ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL AS MAY BE DEEMED NECESSARY.
(MOULDER-FLORIDA)
FIELD 04At 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-00940
67
-------
COMMERCIAL FISHING DEVICES - REGULATIONS.
IND ANN STAT SECS 11-1619 THRU 11-1643 (1956).
DESCRIPTORS:
*INDIANA, *FISH, *INTERSTATE COMPACTSt *FISHING GEAR, LEGISLATION,
REGULATION, ADMINISTRATION, EQUIPMENT, NETS, COMMERCIAL FISHING, TROUT,
TRAWLING, ORGANIC WASTES, POLLUTION, PUBLIC HEALTH, CONSERVATION, DAMS,
WATER-PQL-L4)-T-H)N-7T-feM-E-MiCai6AN., -FISH CONSERVAT! ON. :
IDENTIFIERS:
PENALTIES.
ABSTRACT:
INTERSTATE COMPACTS MAY BE ENTERED INTO WHEN NECESSARY TO PROTECT FISH
IN WATERS FORMING A COMMON BOUNDARY LINE WITH SOME OTHER STATE.
REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO RECORDING EACH DAY'S CATCH, THE LOCALITY
FISHED, AND THE TYPE OF GEAR USED IN FISHING LAKE MICHIGAN ARE
INCLUDED. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON OR FIRM TO USE NETS, SEINES,
AND TRAPS OF .SPECIFIC TYPES IN LAKE MICHIGAN. PROVISIONS FOR THE USE OF
COMMERCIAL FISHING NETS AND THEIR IMPOUNDMENT FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE
PROVISIONS ARE SET FORTH. SEASON AND SIZE LIMIT REGULATIONS FOR WATERS
OF THE STATE AS WELL AS REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE UNLAWFUL USE OF
CERTAIN FISHING DEVICES IN LAKE MICHIGAN ARE INCLUDED. THE DEPARTMENT
OF CONSERVATION MAY ALTER THE ABOVE REGULATIONS. CERTAIN REGULATIONS
CONCERNING LAWFUL AND UNLAWFUL FISHING DEVICES, UNDERSIZE FISH, AND
DAMS ON THE WABASH RIVER BOUNDARY LINE ARE PROVIDED HEREIN. ALL RESIDUE
EMINATING FROM THE CATCHING, CURING, OR CLEANING OF FISH IN OR NEAR
LAKE MICHIGAN SHALL BE DISPOSED OF IN A MANNER WHICH WILL NOT POLLUTE
SUCH WATERS. (MOULDER-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-00946
68
-------
CHANGES IN THE BIOLOGY OF THE LOWER GREAT LAKESt
OHIO STATE UNIV., COLUMBUS. NATURAL RESOURCES INST.
CHARLES A. DAMBACH.
BULLETIN OF THE BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, VOL 25, NO 1, P 1-17,
1969. 19 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BIOLOGY, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE ERIE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE
HURON, AESTHETICS, ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, OHIO, COMMERCIAL FISHING, PUBLIC
HEALTH, WALLEYE, VEGETATION, WILD RICE, SILTS, PLANKTON, MAYFLIES,
FAUNA, FISH, OLIGOCHAETES, MIDGES, SNAILS, PHOSPHORUS, NUTRIENTS,
ALGAE, DIATOMS, CHLOROPHYTA, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, PIKE, CARP,
DRUM(FRESHWATER), CISCO, LAKE TROUT, EUTROPHICATION, STRIPED BASS,
CYANOPHYTA, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, ELECTRIC POWERPLANTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
HEXAGENIA, CHIRONOMIDAE, PROCLADIUS, CHIRONOMUS PROMOSUS, TRICHOPTERA,
LEECHES, FINGERNAIL CLAMS, WHITE FISH, ALEWIFE, GIZZARD SHAD, SEA
LAMPHREY, COHO SALMON.
ABSTRACT:
DRAMATIC BIOLOGICAL CHANGES HAVE APPEARED IN BOTTOM FAUNA AND AMONG
CERTAIN FISHES OF THE LOWER GREAT LAKES. OF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE IS
ABUNDANT INCREASE, SINCE 1959, OF THE MI.DGE PROCLADIUS, A SUPPOSEDLY
MORE POLLUTION-TOLERANT FORM, WHILE CHIRONOMUS PROMOSUS HAS DECREASED,
SUGGESTING THAT POLLUTION ZONES HAVE EXTENDED FURTHER INTO THE LAKES.
THE MAYFLY IS NOW RARE. BENTHIC FAUNA IS NOW DOMINATED BY OLIGOCHAETES
AND MIDGES, WITH SOME FINGERNAIL CLAMS, SNAILS,. AND LEECHES ON THE
INCREASE. CHEMICAL CONDITIONS PROBABLY PROVIDE A MORE RELIABLE INDEX TO
CHANGES THAN PLANKTON DATA, BUT ARE DIFFICULT TO RELATE. SPECIES
COMPOSITION, ONCE DOMINATED BY DIATOMS, ARE NOW DOMINATED BY BLUE-GREEN
ALGAE. DECLINE OF CERTAIN HIGH QUALITY FISHES, NOTABLY THE BLUE PIKE
AND WALLEYE PIKE, IS LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACCELERATED PUBLIC
INTEREST IN CORRECTIVE MEASURES. RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENVIRONMENT
VERSUS OVERFISHING IS DEBATABLE. INCREASE IN EUTROPHICATION RATE OF THE
GREAT LAKES, ESPECIALLY LAKE ERIE, IS SIGNIFICANT. HUMAN TECHNOLOGY CAN
SO MODIFY THE ENVIRONMENT THAT BIOLOGICAL POPULATIONS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY
AFFECTED. BIOLOGISTS WITH REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE, SHOULD DEVELOP BETTER
GUIDELINES FOR WEIGHING COSTS OF EACH INCREMENT OF DEGRADATION AND EACH
INCREMENT OF IMPROVEMENT. (SEE W70-01942). (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-01943
69
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WATERFRONT PLANNING - COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING OF LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELAND,
CHICAGO UNIV.t ILL. DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY.
PETER T. HAVERKAMPF.
LAKE MICHIGAN REGION PLANNING COUNCIL, PROJECT 65-1, 1967. 110 P, 5 MAPS, 86
F^
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, SUBMERGED LANDS ACT, WISCONSIN, INDIANA, ILLINOIS,
MICHIGAN, FEDERAL JURISDICTION, STATE JURISDICTION, RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
SHORE PROTECTION, RECREATION DEMAND, INDUSTRIAL WATER, LAND USE,
LANDFILLS, INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION, LONG-TERM PLANNING.
IDENTIFIERS:
*REGIONAL PLANNING, "COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING, CONFLICTING USES,
*WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT.
ABSTRACT:
LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE LANDS PROVIDE TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES OF USES
FOR TWO GENERAL PURPOSES: PERSONAL WELL-BEING AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING;
THESE TWO CATEGORIES ARE OFTEN NOT COMPATIBLE. THE AUTHOR CONTENDS THAT
GENERALLY IT IS BETTER TO PLAN FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE TWO CATEGORIES
OF USE. PRESSURES ON THE RESOURCE ARE INCREASINGIT IS EASIER TO
INCREASE STEEL PLANT PRODUCTION BY FILLING NEW LAND THAN BY CLEARING
URBAN AREAS. IT IS EASIER TO STATE HIGHWAY PLANNERS TO PUT A ROAD ON
NEWLY MADE LAND THAN TO CONDEMN A RIGHT-OF-WAY IN A HEAVILY POPULATED
AREA,, AND IT IS EASIER TO PUT A WATER FILTRATION PLANT OR SEWAGE
TREATMENT FACILITY ON THE LAKE THAN TO RUN UNDERGROUND PIPES AND CLEAR
AREAS FOR INLAND LOCATION. THESE USES HAVE BEEN. PROLIFERATING ON THE
SHORELINE, WITH THE RESULTING INCREASED PRESSURE FOR LAKEFRONT LAND.
AMELIORATION OF THESE PRESSURES IS MADE DIFFICULT BY THE FRAGMENTED
JURISDICTION OF CONTROL OVER SUBMERGED LANDS AND FROM THE VARIOUS
STATUTES WHICH THE FOUR STATES BORDERING ON LAKE MICHIGAN HAVE. THE
AUTHOR SEES THE NECESSITY OF AN INTERSTATE PLANNING AUTHORITY HAVING
THE KINDS OF PLANNING POWERS THAT THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
POSSESSES. (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-02032
70
-------
INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBMERGED AND SHORE LAND PROBLEM,
CHICAGO UNIV., ILL. DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY.
PETER T. HAVERKAMPF.
IN: WATERFRONT PLANNING - COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING OF LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELAND,
LAKE M'ICHIGAN REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL, i-a, 1957. 5 MAPS, 86 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SHORE PROTECTION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, RECREATION DEMAND, INDUSTRIAL WATER,
LAND USE.
IDENTIFIERS:
CONFLICTING USES, COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING, *WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT,
NON-CONFORMING USE, NATIONAL USE.
ABSTRACT:
THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELAND ARE GIVEN, AND THE
NECESSITY OF PLANNING FOR THE USE OF THIS RESOURCE IS STRESSED. THE
IMPORTANCE OF PROVIDING 'VISTA' WITHIN AN URBAN CONTEXT IS THE
OUTSTANDING ATTRIBUTE OF A RESOURCE SUCH AS LAKE MICHIGAN. CLOSELY
RELATED TO THE 'VISTA' IS THE UNIQUE WATER-LAND RELATIONSHIP. PASSIVE
AND ACTIVE PLEASURES WHICH ARE PROVIDED BY SUCH A RESOURCE, ARE
OFTENTIMES DENIED BECAUSE ACCESS TO LAKEFRONTS ARE TRADITIONALLY USED
FOR WATER TRANSPORTATION AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN AREAS.
SINCE CERTAIN RECREATION AND INDUSTRIAL USES DEMAND RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
CRITERIA SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED TO RECONCILE CONFLICTING DEMANDS. AUTHOR
DISTINGUISHED BETWEEN NATURAL OR UNCONFORMING USES. IF A SHORELINE, AS
A LIMITED RESOURCE IS FULLY UTILIZED, THE USE IS NATURAL; IF FULL
ADVANTAGE OF THE LOCATION IS NOT UTILIZED, DUE JO THE NATURE OF THE
USE, THE USE IS UNCONFORMING. THE EXAMPLE OF THE INDIANA DUNES AREA IS
CITED AS AN EXAMPLE OF UNRESOLVED CONFLICTS BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND
RECREATION GROUPS, WITH THE RESULT THAT THE LIMITED RESOURCE, LAKE
MICHIGAN IS UNDER-UTILIZED. THE AUTHOR SUGGESTS RESOLUTION OF THIS
PROBLEM BY ENFORCING STRICTLY THE IDEA OF NATURAL USES OF THE
SHORELAND. EXISTENCE OF A DEEP WATER PORT FOR HEAVY INDUSTRY WOULD BE
PERMISSIBLE; HOWEVER, THE INDUSTRY ITSELF SHOULD EXTEND LANDWARD ROM
THE PORT, RATHER THAN ALONG THE SHORE. SIMILARLY, RECREATION USES THAT
ARE NOT DEPENDENT UPON THE SHORELINE SHOULD ALSO BE PLACED AWAY FROM
THE SHORE SO AS TO ALLOW MORE ROOM FOR NATURAL USES. (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-02033
71
-------
FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL CONTROLS OVER SUBMERGED AND SHORE LAND,
CHICAGO UNIV., ILL. DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY.
PETER T. HAVERKAMPF.
IN: WATERFRONT PLANNING - COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING OF LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELAND,
LAKE MICHIGAN REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL, PROJECT 65-1, P 8-22, 1967. 5
MAPS, 86 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, SUBMERGED LANDS ACT, WISCONSIN, INDIANA, MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS, RIPARIAN RIGHTS, FEDERAL JURISDICTION, STATE JURISDICTION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*PUBLIC LAW 31.
ABSTRACT:
THE DIFFICULTY IN MAKING COMPREHENSIVE PLANS FOR THE LAKE MICHIGAN
SHORELINE, LIES IN THE FACT THAT THERE IS NO CENTRAL AUTHORITY. FOUR
STATE GOVERNMENTS (MICHIGAN, ILLINOIS, WISCONSIN AND INDIANA) HAVE THE
POWER TO REGULATE THESE LANDS. FURTHER COMPLICATING THE JURISDICTIONAL
PROBLEM IS THE FACT THAT THESE STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVE DELEGATED TO
OTHER GOVERNING BODIES CONTROL OVER THE SUBMERGED LANDS. LEGISLATION
SUCH AS THE 'SUBMERGED LANDS ACT* OF 1953 AND PUBLIC LAW 31 GIVE
FEDERAL SANCTION TO THE STATES FOR CONTROL OVER SUBMERGED LANDS.
VARIATIONS IN THE STATE LAWS OF THE FOUR STATES SURROUNDING LAKE
MICHIGAN CAUSE WIDELY DIVERGENT PATTERNS OF INDUSTRY, PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT. THE STATE LAWS ARE SUMMARIZED AND DISCUSSED. THE
AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF RIPARIAN LAW IN THE RESPECTIVE
STATES IS AN IMPORTANT REASON FOR THESE DIVERGENT PATTERNS.
(STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-02034
72
-------
FOUR CASE STUDIES: THE PRESENT POSITION OF LANDFILL PLANNING PROBLEMS,
CHICAGO UNIV.t ILL. DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY.
PETER T. HAVERKAMPF.
IN: WATERFRONT PLANNING - COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING OF LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELANDt
LAKE MICHIGAN REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL, PROJECT 65-1, P 22-72, 1967. 5
MAPS, 86 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *RECREATION DEMAND, *INDUSTR~IAL WATER, LANDFILLS, LAND
USE.
IDENTIFIERS:
COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING, CONFLICTING USES, *WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT.
ABSTRACT:
AS A RESULT OF THE FRAGMENTED JURISDICTION OVER SUBMERGED AND SHORELAND
LAND USE OF LAKE MICHIGAN, THE SHORELINE MUST BE VIEWED AS A SCARCE
RESOURCE. THE SITUATION IN CHICAGO, WHERE RECREATIONAL USES HAVE ALMOST
COMPLETE CONTROL OVER THE CITY'S LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE IS LITTLE
BETTER THAN THE SITUATION IN GARY, INDIANA, WHERE THE HIGHEST BIDDER
CONTROLS ALMOST ALL THE SHORE. PRESENT LEGAL STRUCTURE IS ANALYZED IN
ORDER TO UNDERSTAND PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR SHORELINE LAND USE.
LAND USE ON THE MILWAUKEE LAKEFRONT IS CITED AS EXHIBITING A BALANCE OF
USES THAT COMES CLOSE TO AN OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF THE LAKESHORE AND
SUBMERGED LAND RESOURCE. A REVIEW OF THE ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD AND
LAKE MICHIGAN LANDFILL IN CHICAGO IS MADE. SUPREME COURT RULINGS WHICH
RETURNED ALL RIPARIAN RIGHTS TO THE CITY AND CHASTISED THE STATE OF
ILLINOIS FOR GIVING AWAY CONTROL OF SUBMERGED LANDS ULTIMATELY ENDED
THE ILLINOIS CENTRAL'S CONTROL OF LAND. THE UNITED STATES STEEL
SUBMERGED LANDS CONTROVERSY IS SEEN AS EMERGING BECAUSE OF LACK OF
MUTUAL PLANNING AND COOPERATION BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND CONSERVATIONISTS.
BECAUSE OF ITS LOCATION ON THE ILLINOIS-INDIANA BOUNDARY, MULTI-STATE
PLANNING IS NEEDED TO PROVIDE FOR BOTH RECREATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL
USES. THE INDIANA DUNES CONFLICT IS GIVEN AS A PRIME EXAMPLE OF
CONFLICTING DEMANDS UPON A LIMITED RESOURCE. THE COMPROMISE WHICH WAS
EVENTUALLY REACHED WAS ONE-SIDED. THE NEED FOR SOME PLANNING AUTHORITY
TO RECONCILE THE INTENSE COMPETITION BETWEEN THE STEEL COMPANIES AND
THE CONSERVATIONISTS IS EMPHASIZED. (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-02035
73
-------
EXISTING GOVERNMENTAL AIDS TO COMPREHENSIVE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE PLANNING,
CHICAGO UNIV., ILL. DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY. *
PETER T. HAVERKAMPF.
IN: WATERFRONT PLANNING - COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING OF LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELAND,
LAKE MICHIGAN REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL, PROJECT 65-1, P 72-100, 1967. 5
MAPS, 86 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, ^SUBMERGED LANDS ACT, FEDERAL PROJECT POLICY,
*INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION, LONG-TERM PLANNING.
IDENTIFIERS:
*REGIONAL PLANNING, COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING, *FEDERAL AID, TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE.
ABSTRACT:
THE SCOPE OF A PLAN WOULD UTILIZE THE SHORE TO ITS OPTIMAL POTENTIAL,
AND YET PROVIDE ALL NECESSARY AND NATURAL SHORELINE USES, IS OUTLINED.
THE PLAN, AT THE MINIMUM, SHOULD ENCOMPASS REGIONAL PLANNING,
ESPECIALLY IN TERMS OF THE FOUR STATES SURROUNDING THE LAKE, BUT ALSO
IN VIEWING THE LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN AS PART OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION.
BECAUSE OF THE CONCENTRATION OF PEOPLE IN TWO MAJOR URBAN CENTERS,
CHICAGO AND MILWAUKEE, RECREATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL NEEDS MUST BE MET IN
A REGION WHICH DOES NOT FOLLOW POLITICAL OR ECONOMIC BOUNDARIES.
REVIEWED ARE THE STATUTORY DEVICES, INTER AND INTRA-STATE REGIONAL
PLANNING GROUPS, STATE AUTHORITIES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL POWERS AND
POTENTIAL INDIVIDUAL EFFORTS AVAILABLE FOR PROVIDING SUCH A REGIONAL
PLAN. FEDERAL AIDS TO COMPREHENSIVE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE PLANNING
INCLUDE: m FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE' IN ESTABLISHING THE
BEST LAND RESOURCE ALLOCATION ON A LOCAL LEVEL; (2) FINANCIAL HELP FOR
' LAND PURCHASE; m SUPPORT OF LOCAL PLANNING PROGRAMS; AND m FEDERAL
PARTICIPATION IN THE LAND MARKET, THROUGH PURCHASE OF LAND. THE FAILURE
OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR THE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELANDS IS SEEN AS
THE RESULT OF THE FACT THAT ULTIMATE RESPONSIBILITY STILL RESTS AT THE
LOCAL LEVEL. EVEN THOUGH LOCAL POWER IS DERIVED FROM THE STATE, THIS
CONDITION HAS COME ABOUT BECAUSE OF A LACK OF INTEREST IN PLANNING AT
THE STATE LEVEL. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT A 'FORESIGHTED AND NEUTRAL
AUTHORITY1 CAN CONTROL THE RESOURCE FOR THE BEST LONG TERM DEVELOPMENT.
(STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-02036
74
-------
INTERSTATE COMMERCE - NAVIGABLE RIVERS - INDUSTRIAL WASTE CLOGGING CHANNEL HELD
NOT UNLAWFUL OBSTRUCTION - UNITED STATES V REPUBLIC STEEL CORP (7TH CIR 1959),
HARV L REVt VOL 73, NO 6t P 1228-1231» APR 1960. 4 P, 20 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT, *NAVIGABLE RIVERSt *FEDERAL JURISDICTION,
*NAVIGATION, OBSTRUCTION TO FLOW, LEGAL ASPECTS, JUDICIAL DECISIONS,
LEGISLATION, REGULATION, JURISDICTION, PERMITS, CHANNELS, WASTES,
LIQUID WASTES, SOLID WASTES, STRUCTURES, PIERS, DOCKS, LAKE MICHIGAN,
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, UNITED STATES, RIVERS, HARBORS, BARRIERS,
REASONABLE USE, INDUSTRIAL WASTES.
IDENTIFIERS:
INTERSTATE COMMERCE, *INJUNCTION(PROHIBITORY), CALUMET RIVER,
PENALTIES(CRIMINAL).
ABSTRACT:
THREE STEEL COMPANIES WERE ENJOINED, UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE RIVERS AND
HARBORS ACT OF 1899, FROM DEPOSITING INDUSTRIAL WASTES IN A FEDERALLY
MAINTAINED CHANNEL. THE CIRCUIT COURT IN UNITED STATES V REPUBLIC STEEL
CORP., 264 F2D 289 (7TH CIR 1959), REVERSED ON THE GROUNDS THAT
' OBSTRUCTIONS RESULTING FROM DEPOSITS OF SOLID WASTES IN SUSPENSION ARE
NOT PROHIBITED AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF IS LIMITED BY STATUTE TO REMOVAL
OF STRUCTURES. THERE ARE THREE POSSIBLE COMMON LAW BASES FOR
GOVERNMENTAL RELIEF: THE JURISDICTIONAL GRANT IN CASES IN WHICH THE
UNITED STATES IS A PARTY; THE ADMIRALTY CLAUSE; AND THE COMMERCE
CLAUSE. AN ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN WHICH THESE JURISDICTIONAL
BASES HAVE BEEN INVOKED INDICATES THAT THE GOVERNMENT'S SUCCESS OR
FAILURE IN INVOKING THESE BASES HAS DEPENDED ON THE TYPE OF INTEREST IT
SOUGHT TO PROTECT. THE COURTS HAVE GIVEN STANDING TO GOVERNMENTAL
ATTEMPTS TO PROTECT AN INTEREST IN INTERNAL FUNCTIONS BUT HAVE DENIED
STANDING WHERE THE INTEREST IS THAT OF THE SOVEREIGN REPRESENTING THE
RIGHTS OF ITS PEOPLE. (KEITH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-02512
75
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JURISDICTION OF COUNTIES ON BOUNDARY WATERS.
WIS STAT ANN SECS 2.03t 2.04 (1967).
DESCRIPTORS:
^WISCONSIN, *JURISDICTION, *BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), *STREAMS,
LEGISLATIONt LEGAL ASPECTS. RIVERS, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE SUPERIOR,
MISSISSIPPI RIVER, PIERS, DOCKS, CHANNELS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
INLAND WATERS.
ABSTRACT:
WHEN TWO COUNTIES ARE SEPARATED BY A RIVER OR STREAM, THE MIDDLE OF THE
MAIN CHANNEL OF SUCH RIVER OR STREAM WILL BE THE DIVISION LINE BETWEEN
THEM. COUNTIES SO SEPARATED WILL HAVE COMMON JURISDICTION OF ALL
OFFENSES COMMITTED ON THE WATERS BETWEEN THEM. THE JURISDICTION OF
COUNTIES ON SPECIFIED BOUNDARY LAKES AND STATE BOUNDARY WATERS IS FIXED
BY GIVING JOINT JURISDICTION TO THE COUNTIES ON A DIRECTIONAL SIDE OF
THE BODY OF WATER IN QUESTION. WHEN TWO OR MORE COUNTIES BOUND ANY
INLAND WATER OF THE STATE, THEY WILL HAVE JURISDICTION IN COMMON OF ALL
OFFENSES COMMITTED ON ANY PART OF SUCH INLAND WATER. (KEITH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-02841
76
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NAVIGABLE WATERS, HARBORS AND NAVIGATION.
WIS STAT ANN SECS 30.01-30.06 (1964), AS AMENDED, (SUPP 1969).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSIN, *NAVIGABLE WATERS, *PUBLIC RIGHTS, *BULKHEAD LINE,
LEGISLATION, LEGAL ASPECTS, RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, CITIES,
TRANSPORTATION, DOCKS, PIERS, BASINS, BULKHEADS, BEDS, LAKE MICHIGAN,
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, FEDERAL JURISDICTION, STATE JURISDICTION,
SHORES, REGULATION, CONTROL, REMEDIES, UNITED STATES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*HARBOR FACILITIES, *DOCK LINE, FERRIES.
ABSTRACT:
A NUMBER OF TERMS ARE DEFINED, INCLUDING HARBOR FACILITY, PIER, AND
WHARF. HARBOR FACILITY MEANS EVERY FACILITY WHICH IS USEFUL IN THE
MAINTENANCE OR OPERATION OF A HARBOR. PIER MEANS ANY STRUCTURE WHICH
EXTENDS CHANNELWARD FROM THE SHORE WITH WATER ON BOTH SIDES AND WHICH
IS USED TO MOOR OR UNLOAD WATERCRAFT. WHARF MEANS ANY STRUCTURE WHICH
EXTENDS ALONG THE SHORE AND WHICH IS USED TO MOOR OR UNLOAD WATERCRAFT.
WHENEVER THERE IS A VIOLATION OF THE STATUTES RELATING TO NAVIGABLE
WATERS OR AM INFRINGEMENT OF PUBLIC RIGHTS THEREIN WHICH THE DEPARTMENT
OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BELIEVES WILL NOT BE ADEQUATELY REMEDIED BY
IMPOSITION OF PENALTY, THE DEPARTMENT MAY ORDER THE PARTIES RESPONSIRLE
TO ABATE THE VIOLATION. IF THE DEPARTMENT'S ORDER OF ABATEMENT IS
INEFFECTIVE, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL WILL INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS FOR
ENFORCEMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT'S ORDER. A SHORE LINE ESTABLISHED PRIOR
TO JANUARY 1, 1960 IS DEEMED TO BE A BULKHEAD LINE SUBSEQUENT TO SUCH
DATE; A DOCK LINE ESTABLISHED PRIOR TO SUCH DATE IS DEEMED TO BE A
PIERHEAD LINE SUBSEQUENT TO SUCH DATE. NONE OF .THE FOREGOING PROVISIONS
ARE APPLICABLE TO SUBMERGED SHORE LANDS IN LAKE MICHIGAN OWNED BY
MUNICIPALITIES. THE DEPARTMENT MAY WAIVE THE APPLICABILITY OF THE
FOREGOING PROVISIONS AS THEY RELATE TO NAVIGABLE WATERS FALLING WITHIN
THE CONCURRENT JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES. (KEITH-FLORIDA)
FIELD OAA
ACCESSION NO. W70-02907
77
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RAILROAD FERRIES ON LAKE MICHIGAN; STREAMS, HIGHWAYS, RESTORED.
WIS STAT ANN SECS 190.07, 190.08 (1957).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WI$CONSIN, *RAILROADS, CONTRACTS, *MAI NTENANC E, LEGISLATION, LEGAL
ASPECTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, MICHIGAN, TRANSPORTATION, WATERCOURSES(LEGAL ),
CANALS,,BAYOUS, RIVERS, NAVIGATION, SHORES, CONSTRUCTION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*RESTORATION, SLOUGHS, FERRIES.
ABSTRACT:
ANY WISCONSIN RAILROAD CORPORATION MAY CONTRACT WITH THE OWNER OF ANY
MICHIGAN RAILROAD WHICH TERMINATES ON THE EASTERN SHORE OF LAKE
MICHIGAN FOR THE JOINT OPERATION OF THEIR RAILROADS. CORPORATIONS WHICH
OPERATE RAILROADS WILL RESTORE OR MAINTAIN EVERY WATERCOURSE, ROAD OR
CANAL ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THE OPERATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF THE
RAILROAD TO SUCH CONDITION THAT ITS USEFULNESS WILL NOT BE MATERIALLY
IMPAIRED. SUCH RAILROAD CORPORATIONS MAY ACQUIRE ANY LANDS REQUIRED TO
RESTORE ANY WATERCOURSE, ROAD, OR CANAL. THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO
SLOUGHS OR BAYOUS CLOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT TO AID THE NAVIGATION OF
RIVERS. (KEITH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-02909
78
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WATER QUALITY STUDIES ON THE GREAT LAKES BASED ON CARBON FOURTEEN MEASUREMENTS
ON PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY,
MINNESOTA UNIV., MINNEAPOLIS.
WILLIAM G. PARKOS, THEODORE A. OLSON, AND THERON 0. ODLAUG.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER, MINNESOTA UNIV GRADUATE SCHOOL, MINNEAPOLIS,
WRRC BULLETIN 17, 1969. 121 P, 23 FIG, 25 TAB, 70 REF, 10 PLATES, APPENDIX
A, B, C, D, E, F. OWRR PROJECT A 011-MINN.
DESCRIPTORS:
"PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, SURFACE WATERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PHYTOPLANKTON,
GREAT LAKES, LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE HURON, LAKE ERIE, WATER
QUALITY.
IDENTIFIERS:
CARBON-14 MEASUREMENT, SHIPBOARD INCUBATION.
ABSTRACT:
CARBON-14 MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE WATER PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF LAKES
SUPERIOR, MICHIGAN, HURON, AND ERIE ARE REPORTED. ESTIMATES ARE BASED
ON SHIPBOARD INCUBATION OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT IRREGULAR INTERVALS
DURING THE 1967 AND 1968 SHIPPING SEASONS. LAKE SUPERIOR PROVED TO RF
THE LEAST .PRODUCTIVE OF THE LAKES STUDIEDi .MEAN SURFACE PRODUCTIVITY OF
16.72 MILLIGRAMS OF CARBON/CUBIC METER PER DAY. THE OTHER LAKES SHOWED
INCREASING LEVELS OF PRODUCTIVITY: LAKE HURON, 23.04 MILLIGRAMS OF
CARBON/CUBIC METER PER DAY, LAKE MICHIGAN, 37.62 MILLIGRAMS OF
CARBON/CUBIC METER PER DAY, AND LAKE ERIE, 175.20 MILLIGRAMS OF
CARBON/CUBIC METER PER DAY. HIGHEST PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS IN EACH LAKE
TENDED TO OCCUR NEAR LARGE POPULATION CENTERS. .(KOONCE-WISCONS IN)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-02983
79
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LAKE MICHIGAN OPEN WATER AND LAKE BED SURVEY 1968.
ILLINOIS STATE SANITARY WATER BOARD, SPRINGFIELD.
ILLINOIS STATE SANITARY WATER BOARD, REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND 76TH GENFRAL
ASSEMBLY, APR 1969. 36 P, 6 FIG, 15 TAB, 6 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, ^ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, COLIFOKMS,
BACTERIA, PHENOLS, CHLORIDES, HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION, SULFATES,
TURBIDITY, RADIOISOTOPES, AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, NITROGEN COMPOUKDS,
PHOSPHATES, LAKE BEDS, POLLUTION ABATEMENT. -
ABSTRACT:
DURING 1968, ILLINOIS STATE SANITARY WATER BOARD STAFF MONITORED I.AKF
MICHIGAN OPEN WATER. BOTTOM SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED FROM A BOAT USING
SAMPLING DREDGES. RESULTS OF CHEMICAL, BACTERIOLOGICAL, PHYTOPLANKTOP
AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS WERE COMPARED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS APPROVED IN JANUARY 1968. LAKE MICHIGAN OPFN
WATER QUALITY WAS JUDGED TO BE IN GENERAL COMPLIANCE WITH THE CRITFMIA
FOR COLIFORM BACTERIA, FECAL STREPTOCOCCI BACTERIA, PHENOL-LIKE
SUBSTANCES, CYANIDE, CHLORIDES, SULFATES, PH, FLOURIDES, FILTERABI.F
RESIDUE, TURBIDITY AND RADIONUCLIDES. CRITERIA FOR AMMONIA-NITROGEN,
PHOSPHATES, DISSOLVED IRON, AND METHYLENE-BLUE-ACTIVE-SUBSTANCES WERE
EXCEEDED FREQUENTLY AT ALL OF THE INTAKES. LIMITED SAMPLING AND
EXAMINATION OF BOTTOM DEPOSITS AND ORGANISMS INDICATED GENERAL
COMPLIANCE WITH THE CRITERIA, EXCEPT WITHIN THE BREAKWATER AT CALUMET
HARBOR AND AT THE NORTH CHICAGO SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS OUTFALL. ACTION
IS BEING TAKEN BY THE ILLINOIS SANITARY WATER BOARD, IN CONJUNCTION
WITH THE OTHER LAKE MICHIGAN STATES PARTICIPATING IN TWO CURRENT
FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCES, TO FURTHER ABATE AND TO CONTROL
POLLUTION OF THE LAKE BY DISCHARGES FROM MUNICIPAL SEWER SYSTEMS,
INDUSTRIES, WATERCRAFT AND OTHER SOURCES. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05A, 05G, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-03140
80
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A STUDY OF THE OPEN WATER DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF NET PLANKTON AS AN
INDEX OF EUTROPHICATION IN LAKE SUPERIORt
MINNESOTA UNIV.t MINNEAPOLIS. SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH.
T. A. OLSON.
TECHNICAL COMPLETION REPORT, JUNE 1969. 2 P. OWRR PROJECT NO A-011-MINN.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKES, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *EUTROPHICATION, *ZOOPLANKTON,
*PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, LAKE HURON, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE ERIE, WATER
POLLUTION EFFECTS, B10IND1CATORS, CARBON RADI01SOTOPES, PHYTOPLANKTON,
WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SECONDARY PRODUCTIVITY,
WATER QUALITY, OLIGOTROPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*NET PLANKTON, HARDY CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER, RADIOCARBON UPTAKE
TECHNIQUE, PLANKTON ABUNDANCE, PLANKTON DISTRIBUTION, SEASONAL
VARIATIONS, DAILY VARIATIONS, WATER MASSES, WATER POLLUTION ASSESSMENT.
ABSTRACT:
' BASED UPON CRITERIA OF NET PLANKTON ABUNDANCE, DETERMINED WITH THE
HARDY CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER
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THE ISSUE OF THE LAKEFRONT, AN HISTORICAL CRITICAL SURVEY,
DOUGLAS SCHROEDER.
CHICAGO HERITAGE COMMITTEE NEWSLETTER, NO. 5, 1964. 33 P, 31 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE SHORES, *RECREATION, *PLANNING, *BEACHES, LAKES,
SHORgSt RECREATION FACILITIES, LAND FORMING, LANDSCAPING, COMPENSATION,
BEACH EROSION, LITTORAL DRIFT, HISTORY.
IDENTIFIERS:
*CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
ABSTRACT:
THIS STUDY DISCUSSES THE FAILURE OF THE CHICAGO PARK DISTRICT TO
PROVIDE ADEQUATE PLANNING FOR THE LAKEFRONT PARK SYSTEM. A HJSTQPFf.AL
SURVEY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHICAGO LAKEFRONT IS USED AS A VFHICLE
TO PROVIDE THE CONTEXT FOR PRESENT PLANNING AS WELL AS ILLUSTRATt r-,riOD
PLANNING IN THE PAST. A NUMBER OF OBJECTIVES FOR A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
OF THE LAKEFRONT ARE OUTLINED: (1) SEPARATION OF PEDESTRIAN AND
VEHICULAR TRAFFIC; (2) SUBORDINATION OF ROADWAYS AND PARKING LOTS TO
PEDESTRIAN USAGE; (3) ELIMINATION OF NON-CONFORMING COMMERCIAL USAGE;
(4) PROVISION FOR LOCATION OF DESIRABLE COMMERCIAL CONCESSIONS, I.E.,
RESTAURANTS, BOATING, ETC.; (5) PROVISION FOR LOCATION OF NEW
INSTITUTIONS, I.E., MUSEUMS, ART GALLERIES, ATHLETIC FIELDS, ETC., AND
THEIR- PARKING AND SERVICING ELEMENTS; (6) ADEQUATE CONTROLS TO
GUARANTEE THAT IF PARK LAND IS TAKEN FOR NON-PARK USAGES SUCH AS
SUPERHIGHWAYS, COMPENSATORY LAND NEAR THAT TAKEN WILL BE GIVEN FOR PARK
LAND; m INTEGRATED DESIGN OF ALL PARK ELEMENTS INCLUDING SIGNS,
STREET LIGHTING, BEACHES, ETC.; AND (8) A CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM
FOR ACCOMPLISHING PLANS AND ALLOCATING RESOURCES. THIS REPORT
ILLUSTRATES SOME OF THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN LAKEFRONT PLANNING.
(DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-03338
82
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LAKE MICHIGAN BEACH SURVEY 1968.
ILLINOIS STATE SANITARY WATER BOARDt SPRINGFIELD.
ILLINOIS STATE SANITARY WATER BOARD, REPORT TO 76TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, FEB
1969. 40 P, 3 REF, 7 TAB, 18 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, *BEACHES,
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES, BACTERIA, COLIFORMS, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
PHOSPHATES, SURFACTANTS, AMMONIA, HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION, PHFNOLS,
THERMAL POLLUTION.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE COUNTY, COOK COUNTY, WAUKEGAN(ILL), CHICAGO.
ABSTRACT:
THE 1968 SANITARY WATER BOARD MONITORING PROGRAM INDICATED THAT
PORTIONS OF LAKE MICHIGAN IN-SHORE WATERS FAILED IN MANY CASE5. TO MI-F;T
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. SHORE WATER ON ILLINOIS BEACHES FREQUENTLY
FAILED TO MEET BACTERIA CRITERIA. UNACCEPTABLY HIGH BACTERIAL COUNTS
WERE TYPICAL OF LAKE COUNTY BEACHES AND COOK COUNTY BEACHES NEAR MAJOR
' RECREATIONAL BOAT HARBORS. ALL BEACHES FAILED TO MEET CRITERIA FOk
PH05JPHATES AND SURFACTANTS (MBAS). CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA NITROGEN
INCREASES IN A NORTHERLY DIRECTION. TWO-THIRDS OF LAKE COUNTY REACHES
FAILED TO MEET AMMONIA CRITERIA WHILE ONLY TWO OF NINETEEN FAILED TO
MEET THE CRITERIA IN COOK COUNTY. ALL BEACHES MET THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
TEMPERATURE, PHENOL-LIKE SUBSTANCES, CYANIDES (WITH ONE SAMPLE
EXCEPTION) AND PH (ALSO WITH A SINGLE SAMPLE EXCEPTION). THE DISCHARGE
OF POLLUTED WATER INTO LAKE MICHIGAN FROM THE CHICAGO AREA, AS THE
RESULT OF A SEVERE RAINSTORM ON 16 AUGUST 1968, DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY
LOWER THE BACTERIAL QUALITY OF THE CHICAGO BEACHES, WITH THE EXCEPTION
OF A TWO-DAY EFFECT ON BEACHES NEAR THE MOUTHS OF THE CHICAGO AND
CALUMET RIVERS. THE BEACHES OF THE LOWEST QUALITY WERE THOSE IN LAKE
COUNTY. THIS WAS LARGELY A RESULT OF THE OVERLOADED WAUKEGAN SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT, THE INDUSTRIAL WASTE EFFLUENT DISCHARGES, AND THE
EFFLUENT FROM THE FIVE SMALL PRIMARY SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS OPERATED
BY THE NORTH SHORE SANITARY DISTRICT. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-03339
83
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PUBLIC HEALTH, POLLUTION CONTROL* AND PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
WIS STAT ANN SECS 144.21-144.30 (SUPP 1969).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSINt TREATMENT FACILITIES, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, ^PROJECT
PLANNING, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, WATER
CONSERVATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, PUBLIC HEALTH,
SHORELINE COVER, CITIES, NAVIGABLE WATERS, LAKES, LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE
MICHIGAN, FISH, AQUATIC ANIMALS, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, RIVERS,
DOMESTIC WASTES, STANDARDS, REGULATION, WASTE DISPOSAL, FINANCING,
BEDS, WASTE TREATMENT, WATER TREATMENT, WATER QUALITY, WATER
UTILIZATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*AIR CONTAMINANT, *EMISSION.
ABSTRACT:
A STATE PROGRAM IS CREATED FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO MUNICIPALITIES
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND ABATEMENT FACILITIES.
THE TYPES OF ACTIVITIES TO BE FINANCED BY THE PROGRAM INCLUDE
PRELIMINARY PLANNING, ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION, AND SUPERVISION OF THE
ANTI-POLLUTION FACILITIES. METHODS OF FINANCING AND COST SHARING
BETWEEN THE STATE AND MUNICIPALITIES ARE OUTLINED. THE DEPARTMENT OF
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, IN COOPERATION WITH AN ADVISORY SUBCOMMITTEE AND
MUNICIPALITIES, IS EMPOWERED TO PROTECT NAVIGABLE WATERS. THIS PLAN IS
DESIGNED TO PROMOTE HEALTHFUL CONDITIONS, TO PREVENT AND CONTROL WATER
POLLUTION, TO PROTECT SPAWNING GROUNDS AND AQUATIC LIFE, TO CONTROL
PLACEMENT OF STRUCTURES AND LAND USES, AND TO PRESERVE SHORE COVER AND
NATURAL BEAUTY. THE DEPARTMENT IS TO PREPARE A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TO
GUIDE MUNICIPALITIES IN REGULATING NAVIGABLE WATERS AND ADJACENT
SHORELANDS. WATER USE PRIORITIES GOVERNING THE PLAN ARE LISTED IN THE
STATUTE. 'SOLID WASTE1 IS DEFINED TO INCLUDE GARBAGE, REFUSE, AND OTHER
DISCARDED OR SALVAGEABLE SOLID MATERIALS; THE TERM DOES NOT INCLUDE
SOLIDS OR WASTE MATERIALS IN WASTE WATER EFFLUENTS OR OTHER COMMON
WATER POLLUTANTS. (DUSS-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-03345
84
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PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION WITH THE CONTINUOUS PLANKTON
RECORDER,
MINNESOTA UNIV.t MINNEAPOLIS. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER.
WAYLAND R. SWAIN, THEODORE A. OLSONt AND THERON 0. ODLAUG.
AVAILABLE FROM THE CLEARINGHOUSE AS PB-189 294, $3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.65 IN
MICROFICHE. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER, MINNESOTA UNIVERSITY,
MINNEAPOLIS, WRRC BULLETIN 7, NOV 1968. 21 P, 14 FIG, 11 REF. OWRR PROJECT
A-011-MINN.
DESCRIPTORS:
f'ZOOPLANKTON, *SAMPLING, *LAKES, *BIOGEOGRAPHY, GREAT LAKES, LAKE
SUPERIOR, LAKE MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA, ILLINOIS, INDIANA, SPECIES
COMPOSITION, DATA ACQUISITION, LIMNOLOGY, COPEPODS, CLADOCERA,
PHYTOPLANKTON, DIATOMS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*HARDY CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER, SCOTTISH MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASS,
DULUTH(MINN), CHICAGO(ILL), TWO HARBORS!MINN), GARY(IND), PATCHINESS,
PLANKTON ABUNDANCE, S S CASON J CALLAWAY, DIAPTOMIDS, MYSIS OCULATA
RELICTA, LIMNOCALANUS MACURUS, DIAPTOMUS, SENECELLA, DAPHNIA PULEX,
DAPHNIA LONGISPINA, BOSMINA CORRIGONI, BOSMINA LONGIROSTRIS, 1ABELLARIA
FENESTRATA, ASTERIONELLA FORMOSA.
ABSTRACT:
THE HARDY CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER CONCENTRATES NET PLANKTON ON A
CONTINUOUSLY UNROLLING BELT OF SILK BOLTING CLOTH, WHICH INTERCEPS A
STREAM OF WATER DIVERTED THROUGH THE SAMPLER. ORIGINALLY DEVISED FOR
USE IN THE NORTH SEA, THE DEVICE HAS POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN LARGE
FRESH BODIES OF WATER. THE SAMPLER, TOWED BY A COMMERCIAL ORE CARRIER,
WAS TESTED OVER REGULAR SHIPPING ROUTES IN LAKES SUPERIOR AND MICHIGAN,
SAMPLING A TRANSECT 1/2-INCH SQUARE AND 300-500 MILES LONG. PROCEDURES
ARE DESCRIBED FOR ENUMERATION OF PLANKTON ACCUMULATED ON THE SILK
BELTS. VARIATIONS IN ABUNDANCE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION WERE NOTED
BETWEEN DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE LAKES, SUCH REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
CONTRIBUTING TO TYPICAL 'PATCHINESS1 OF ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION. RATIO
OF OBSERVED COPEPODA TO CLADOCERA IS ABOUT 5:1. LIMNOCALANUS MACURUS
WAS THE PREDOMINANT COPEPOD, WHILE SPECIES OF DIAPTOMUS ALSO CONTRIBUTE
SIGNIFICANTLY. MARKED DAILY VARIATIONS IN BOTH ABUNDANCE AND FAUNAL
COMPOSITION EXISTED AT DEPTHS OF 10 METERS, WITH MAXIMUM DENSITY
OCCURRING DURING HOURS OF DARKNESS. LARGE LOCALIZED AREAS WITH ABUNDANT
PHYTOPLANKTONLARGELY THE DIATOM TABELLARIA FENESTRATA, BUT INCLUDING
ASTERIONELLA FORMOSA IN SMALLER NUMBERSWERE ALSO ENCOUNTERED.
(EICHHORN-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-03506
85
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PRESIDENT'S LECTURE: LIMNOLOGY, SOCIAL WELFARE, AND LAKE KINNERET,
UPPSALA UNIV. (SWEDEN). INST. OF LIMNOLOGY.
WILHELM RODHE.
VERH INT.ERNAT VEREIN L IMNOL , VOL 17, P 40-48 NOV 1969. 12 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
'"-LIMNOLOGY, *SOCIAL NEEDS, ECOSYSTEMS, SAMPLING, SEICHES, DEPTH,
STRATIFICATION, WINDS, TEMPERATURE, EPILIMNION, THERMOCLINE,
HYPOLIMNION, PHYTOPLANKTON, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ZOOPLANKTON, LIGHT
PENETRATION, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, CARBON RAD 101SOTOPES, COMPUTER
PROGRAMS, RESERVOIRS, POLITICAL ASPECTS, EUTROPHICATI ON, SEWAGE,
EFFLUENTS, BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, INORGANIC
COMPOUNDS, NUTRIENTS, LAKE ERIE, LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE MICHIGAN, NITROGEN,
PRODUCTIVITY, WATER QUALITY, INDUSTRIES, UNITED NATIONS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE KINNERET(ISRAEL ), BEIT NETUFA{ISRAEL), WINNI PEG(CANADA), LAKE
ZURICH(SWITZERLAND ), LAKE BAIKAL, LAKE WASH INGTON(WASH), SEATTLE(WASH),
SWEDEN, LAKE MALAREN(SWEDEN ), WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.
ABSTRACT:
IN LIMNOLOGY EACH COMPONENT IS REGARDED A LINK IN THE ECOSYSTEM AND THE
ENTIRE ECOSYSTEM A PRODUCT OF SOURCES AND SURROUNDINGS. SOUND WATER
POLICY MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE SOCIAL PLANNING OF EVERY COMMUNITY AND
INDUSTRY AND THE COST OF CLEAN WATERS MUST BE MET. THE DIFFICULTY LIES
IN THE FAILURE OF POLITICIANS TO RECOGNIZE LIMNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND
ACT ON THEM ON A GLOBAL CONCEPT. ISRAEL'S LAKE KINNERET RESEARCH
PROJECT REQUIRES REGULAR SAMPLING OF BASIC DATA: THREE 'ISOTHERMAL
SAMPLES' AT EACH STATION ARE NECESSARY TO REPRESENT LOWER EPILIMNION,
STEEPEST THERMOLCLINE, AND UPPER HYPOLIMNION, AND, WITH SAMPLES CLOSE
TO THE SURFACE AND BOTTOM, MAKE A WEEKLY LOAD OF 35 SAMPLES FROM SEVEN
STATIONS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATIONS OF
PLYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON. AT ONE STATION, A SERIES OF SAMPLES FROM
5 OR 3 DEPTHS WILL BE PRESERVED FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING VERTICAL
DISTRIBUTION OF PLANKTON. MEASUREMENTS OF LIGHT PENETRATION AND
CARBON-14 EXPOSURES ARE MADE TO DETERMINE PRIMARY PRODUCTION.
CONTINUOUS METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL RECORDS ARE INDISPENSABLE
FOR INTERPRETATION OF SEICHES AND OTHER DYNAMIC PHENOMENA. AUGMENTATION
OF THE STUDY OF LAKE KINNERET AND ITS TRIBUTARIES WITH THE WORK AT
MEKOROT LABORATORY AT BEIT NETUFA RESERVOIR IS INTENDED.
(JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 02H, 05C, 06G
ACCESSION NO. W70-03509
86
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AUTHORITY OF CITIES TO DEVELOP SEWAGE SYSTEMS, AND TO IMPROVE LAKES AND
WATERCOURSES.
WIS STAT ANN SECS 62.18, 62.22 (1) (3), 62.23 (18) (1957).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSIN, *CITIESt *LAKE MICHIGAN, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, LEGISLATION,
LEGAL ASPECTS, SEWAGE TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, WASTE
TREATMENT, CONSTRUCTION, TAXES, GOVERNMENT FINANCE, MUNICIPAL WASTE,
LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS, NAVIGABLE WATERS, NAVIGATION, NATURAL
RESOURCES, PUBLIC HEALTH, CONDEMNATION, SEWAGE DISTRICTS, SEWERS.
ABSTRACT:
CITIES ARE GIVEN THE AUTHORITY TO CONSTRUCT, MAINTAIN, AND IMPROVE
SYSTEMS OF SEWERAGE, INCLUDING SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANTS, AND MAY JOIN IN
COOPERATIVE EFFORTS WITH ADJACENT MUNICIPALITIES OF A BORDERING STATE
IN THESE ENDEAVORS. AUTHORITY FOR SURVEYS, PLANS, AND CONSTRUCTION OF
SEWERS AND SEWER DISTRICTS IS PROVIDED. A SPECIAL SEWER DISTRICT TAX
POWER TO FINANCE THESE PROJECTS IS GRANTED. A CITY MAY TAKE OR DESTROY
ANY RIPARIAN RIGHTS APPURTENANT TO LAND ABUTTING LAKE MICHIGAN WHF.NFVEC
NECESSARY FOR A PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT. A CITY MAY IMPROVE LAKES, RIVERS,
AND OTHER NAVIGABLE STREAMS, WHERE SUCH IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN AID OF
NAVIGATION, OR ARE FOR PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE, OR
WILDLIFE. (CASEY-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G
ACCESSION NO. W70-03534
87
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AN APPRAISAL OF A LAKE MICHIGAN SITE FOR CHICAGO'S THIRD AIRPORT.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, CHICAGO, ILL.
HARZA ENGINEERING CO., CHICAGO, ILL., 1967. 49 P, 1 MAP, 5 FIG, 2 PHOTO, 1
APPEND, 3 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
^AIRPORTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, DIKES, ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, WAVE PILE-UP,
SAND BARS, WATER QUALITY, SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION, COST COMPARISONS,
ACCESS ROUTES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY, POLDERS.
ABSTRACT:
THE PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PLANNING STUDIES
ARE PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT: (1) ESTABLISHMENT OF BASIC REQUIREMENTS;
(2) PRELIMINARY PROJECT DESIGN; (3) SITE INVESTIGATIONS; (4)
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, METHODS AND SCHEDULES ; AND (5) ESTIMATE OF
COST. CONSULTANTS TO THE CITY OF CHICAGO IN THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AVIATION, ENVIRONMENT AND NAVIGATION INCLUDED: (1)
' LANDRUM AND BROWN, AVIATION CONSULTANTS; (2) THE FEDERAL AVIATION
AGENCY; (3) THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION; (4> THE
CORPS OF ENGINEERS; AND THE U.S. ARMY-CHICAGO DISTRICT. THE PRELIMINARY
FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AIRPORT SITE IN LAKE
MICHIGAN IS TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE. THE COSTS ESTIMATES, PREPARED ON THE
BASIS OF A FOUR YEAR CONSTRUCTION PERIOD, INDICATE THAT THE
CONSTRUCTION COST WILL BE ABOUT $247 TO $284 MILLION. THIS ESTIMATE IS
BASED ON A SITE CENTERED 5 1/2 MILES EAST OF LAKE SHORE DRIVE AT 31ST
STREET. ESTIMATES ARE ALSO GIVEN FOR THREE OTHER LOCATIONS AND FOR AM
AIRPORT AREA LARGER THAN THE ONE DETAILED IN THIS REPORT. (SEE ALSO
W70-04440 THRU W70-04443). (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 04C, 06B
* ' '
ACCESSION NO. W70-04439
88
-------
CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, CHICAGO, ILL.
IN: AN APPRAISAL OF A LAKE MICHIGAN SITE FOR CHICAGO'S THIRD MAJOR AIRPORT,
HARZA ENGINEERING CO., CHICAGO, ILL., 1967. P 4-8.
DESCRIPTORS:
*AIRPORTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, DIKES, ACCESS ROUTES, LOCATING.
IDENTIFIERS:
^ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY, POLDERS.
ABSTRACT:
FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT, IT HAS BEEN ASSUMED THAT THE LAKE
AIRPORT SITE WOULD BE CIRCULAR IN PLAN AND HAVE A DIAMETER FOUR MILES
ENCLOSING 8,000 ACRES AND WOULD BE LOCATED BETWEEN 12TH STREET AND 45TH
STREET WITH TWO APPROACHES: (1) A CAUSEWAY AND BRIDGE FROM THE
STEVENSON EXPRESSWAY; AND (2) A TUNNEL FROM 31ST STREET. THE DEFINITE
DESIGNS PRESENTED HERE ARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF COST ESTIMATION,
DETERMINATION OF FEASIBILITY, AND EVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS,
METHODS AND SCHEDULES; THE FINAL LOCATION WILL DEPEND UPON THE
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE FAA AND THE CITY'S AVIATION CONSULTANTS. THE
DOMINATING ELEMENT IN THE LAKE MICHIGAN AIRPORT WILL BE THE ENCLOSURE
DIKE; THE HEIGHT WILL VARY FROM 50 TO so FEET AND ITS DUMPING SILTY OR
CLAYEY SANDS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE EMBANKMENT. SANITARY SEWAGE AND
RUNOFF FROM THE SURFACED AIRPORT AREA WILL BE COLLECTED SEPARATELY
WITHOUT POLLUTION OF THE LAKE IN A DETENTION POND WITH A MINIMUM
SURFACE AREA OF APPROXIMATELY 200 ACRES AND AN ADDITIONAL AREA RESERVED
FOR WATER STORAGE DURING PRECIPITATION PERIODS. (SEE ALSO W70-04439).
(STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 04C, 08A
ACCESSION NO. W70-04440
89
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CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTION.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, CHICAGO, ILL.
IN: AN APPRAISAL OF A LAKE MICHIGAN SITE FOR CHICAGO'S THIRD MAJOR AIRPORT,
HARZA ENGINEERING CO., CHICAGO, ILL., 1967. P. 24-36, 1 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*AIRPORTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, TIME.
IDENTIFIERS:
^ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY.
ABSTRACT:
CONSIDERED IN THIS CHAPTER ARE THE QUESTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION
FEASIBILITY AND TIME. THE RESULTS OF SURVEYS CARRIED OUT TO FIND THE
ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS ARE PRESENTED. THE PURPOSE OF THFSF.: SURVEYS
WAS TO DETERMINE: m IF SUFFICIENT MATERIALS ARE AVAILABLE WITHIN
PRACTICAL DISTANCES AND (2) THE COST OF OBTAINING, TRANSPORTING AND
PLACING THE MATERIALS. FUTURE STUDIES WILL ATTEMPT TO DEFINE SPECIFIC
AREAS FROM WHICH MATERIALS CAN BE OBTAINED AND TRANSPORTED AT MINIMUM
COST. MAPS PREPARED BY THE ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INDICATE THAT
THERE ARE MANY AREAS IN NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS WITH SIZEABLE SAND AND
GRAVEL DEPOSITS. A SIDE BENEFIT THAT COULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF
ILLINOIS RESOURCES IS THE POSSIBILITY OF FORMING LARGE RECREATIONAL
LAKES. THE METHODS USED TO CONSTRUCT THE LAKE AIRPORT WILL INFLUENCE
THE PROJECT DESIGN, COST AND CONSTRUCTION TIME. RESEARCH WILL BE DONE
INTO SPECIAL HANDLING METHODS; BUT AN ASSUMPTION HAS BEEN MADE DURING
THIS APPRAISAL PHASE THAT CONVENTIONAL EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
METHODS WOULD BE USED. (SEE W70-04439). (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 04C , 08A
ACCESSION NO. W70-04441
90
-------
CHAPTER 5: COST.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKSf CHICAGO, ILL.
IN: AN APPRAISAL OF A LAKE MICHIGAN SITE FOR CHICAGO'S THIRD MAJOR AIRPORT,
HARZA ENGINEERING CO., CHICAGO, ILL., 1967. P 37-42, 3 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*AIRPORTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, LOCATION, ACCESS
ROUTES, COST COMPARISON.
IDENTIFIERS:
^ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY.
ABSTRACT:
THE TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST OF THIS PLAN FOR THE LAKE AIRPORT IS
ESTIMATED TO BE IN THE RANGE OF $247 TO $284 MILLION. A DESCRIPTION IS
GIVEN IN THIS CHAPTER AS TO HOW THE COSTS WERE ESTIMATED, AND THE
ESTIMATED COSTS AT THREE ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS ARE ALSO PRESENTED IN
TABLE FORM. NONE OF THE INFORMATION PRESENTLY AVAILABLE INDICATES THAT
MOVEMENTS OF THE SITE FOR DISTANCES UP TO THREE MILES IN A NORTHERLY OR
SOUTHERLY DIRECTION, PARALLEL TO THE SHORELINE WOULD CAUSE A
SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN COST. FOR A MORE EASTERLY LOCATION FARTHER OUT
INTO THE LAKE, THE COSTS WOULD INCREASE INASMUCH AS MORE FILL WOULD BE
REQUIRED FOR HIGHER EMBANKMENTS, WAVE ACTION WOULD BE MORE SEVERE, AND
ACCESS FACILITIES WOULD HAVE TO BE LONGER. AN ACCOMPANYING TABLE
INDICATES THAT THE INCREMENTAL COST PER ACRE DECREASES RAPIDLY WITH
INCREASING AIRPORT SIZE. (SEE W70-04439). (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 04C, 06C
ACCESSION NO. W70-04442
91
-------
HAPTER 6: FUTURE STUDIES.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, CHICAGO, ILL.
IN: AN APPRAISAL OF A LAKE MICHIGAN SITE FOR CHICAGO'S THIRD MAJOR AIRPORT,
HARZA ENGINEERING CO., CHICAGO, ILL., 1967. P 43-49.
DESCRIPTORS:
*AIRPORTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, PROJECT PLANNING, SAND BARS, CLAY LOAM,
GRAVELS, SANDS, DIKE, ACCESS ROUTES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*ENGINEERING
FEASIBILITY.
A DEGREE
IN REGARD
CATEGORIES
LAKEBED IN
ABSTRACT:
FUTURE PLANNING FOR THE LAKE MICHIGAN AIRPORT WILL DEPEND TO
UPON THE RECOMMENDATION OF FAA AND CITY AVIATION CONSULTANTS
TO THE LOCATION AND SIZE OF THE AIRPORT. THERE ARE TWO BROAD
OF FUTURE PLANNING INVESTIGATIONS: (1) FIELD WORK TO MAP THE
THE PROJECT AREA, EXPLORATION OF FOUNDATION CONDITIONS, INVENTORY OF
AVAILABLE MATERIALS, AND LABORATORY ANALYSES OF THE RESULTING DATA; AND
(2) VERIFICATION AND REFINEMENT OF PROJECT DESIGNS SO AS TO FOCUS ON
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THE LAKE PROJECT AND ON THE DIKE AND ACCESS
DESIGNS. THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WILL BE DONE BY MEANS OF
HYDRAULIC MODEL TESTING AND THE COLLECTION OF ADDITIONAL FIELD DATA TO
SUPPLEMENT EXISTING INFORMATION. A SMALL-SCALE MODEL OF THE AIRPORT
VICINITY WILL BE BUILT TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF THE AIRPORT UPON LAKE
CURRENTS. ADDITIONAL DATA WILL BE OBTAINED BY MEASURING ACTUAL CURRENT
VELOCITIES IN THE LAKE AND BY TAKING SAMPLES OF LAKE WATER FOR AN
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE WATER QUALITY. (SEE W70-04439). (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 04C, 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-04443
92
-------
STRONTIUM-90 FALLOUT OVER LAKE MICHIGAN,
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION, SILVER SPRING, MD.
L. MACHTA, K. TELEGADAS, AND D. L. HARRIS.
WORK SUPPORTED BY U S ATOMIC ENERGY COMM, AND MICHIGAN UNIV, GREAT LAKES RES
DIV. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL 75, NO 6, P 1092-1096, FEBRUARY
20, 1970. 5 P, 3 FIG, 2 TAB, 22 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*FALLOUT, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *STRONTIUM RADIO ISOTOPES, SURVEYS, SAMPLING,
LAKES, CORES, DATA COLLECTIONS, OCEANS, POLLUTANTS,
PRECIPITATIONUTMOSPHERIC ), RAD IOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, RADIO I SOTOPES .
IDENTIFIERS:
OCEANIC FALLOUT.
ABSTRACT:
MEASUREMENTS OF SR-90 IN LAKE MICHIGAN WATER AND SEDIMENTS INDICATE
THAT FALLOUT IS NO GREATER OVER THE LAKE THAN OVER NEARBY LAND. EXCESS
'OCEANIC1 FALLOUT OVER LAND FALLOUT IS IN CONTROVERSY. THE LAKE
MICHIGAN RESULT FAVORS NO ENHANCEMENT. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05B, 05A
ACCESSION NO. W70-04705
93
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INDIANA WATER LAW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ACTION,
G. GRAHAM WAITE.
INDIANA RES STUDY COMMITTEE, P 77-92, 1968.
DESCRIPTORS:
*INDIANA, *PUBLIC RIGHTS, *NAVIGATION, *JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL
ASPECTS, WATER LAW, RECREATION, FISHING, NAVIGABLE WATERS, LAKE
MICHIGAN, STATE GOVERNMENTS, NON-CONSUMPTIVE USE, RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
TRANSPORTATION, WATER ALLOCAT I ON(POL I CY ) , LAKES, STREAMS, RIVERS,
WATERCOURSESUEGAL ), STREAMBEDS, R I PAR I AN WATER S, NAVIGABLE RIVERS,
RELATIVE RIGHTS, ICE.
IDENTIFIERS:
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE.
ABSTRACT:
PUBLIC WATER RIGHTS IN INDIANA ARE OUTLINED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF
EARLY AND RECENT JUDICIAL DEVELOPMENTS, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON KEY
CASES. EARLY CASES ALMOST INVARIABLY DEALT WITH COMMERCIAL, AS OPPOSED
TO RECREATIONAL, NAVIGATION. THESE CASES VIEWED THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
AS PROHIBITING PHYSICAL OBSTRUCTIONS OF NAVIGABLE WATERCOURSES. TODAY,
COURT-MADE PUBLIC RIGHTS IN WATER EXIST IN WATERCOURSES WHICH ARE
SUSCEPTIBLE TO COMMERCIAL NAVIGATION. THE INDIANA COURTS HAVE NOT
CUSTOMARILY USED THE TRUST DOCTRINE IN JUDICIALLY DEFINING PUBLIC
RIGHTS. PUBLIC RIGHTS ARE NOT PARAMOUNT TO ALL PRIVATE OR STATE
ACTIVITIES; THE COURTS TEND TO TAKE A BALANCING-OF-INTERESTS APPROACH.
THUS, STATE AUTHORIZED USES MAY BE ALLOWED AT THE EXPENSE OF PUBLIC
RIGHTS. WITH A FEW EXCEPTIONS, PUBLIC RIGHTS IN WATER DO NOT LIMIT
RIPARIAN USES OF THE BANKS THAT DO NOT PHYSICALLY OBSTRUCT NAVIGATION.
THE COMMON-LAW PUBLIC RIGHT INCLUDES REMOVING SAND FROM LAKE MICHIGAN'S
BED AND PROBABLY FROM OTHER STREAMBEDS. IT PROBABLY INCLUDES
RECREATIONAL USES AS WELL, ALTHOUGH THERE HAS BEEN NO SPECIFIC JUDICIAL
DETERMINATION OF THIS. THE PUBLIC RIGHT IS EXPRESSED AS AN EASEMENT OF
PASSAGE FREE FROM ARTIFICIAL OBSTRUCTION. (SEE W70-04857).
(MARSEE-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-04866
94
-------
INDIANA WATER LAW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ACTION,
G. GRAHAM WAITE.
INDIANA RES STUDY COMMITTEE, P 92-108, 1968.
DESCRIPTORS:
*INDIANA, LEGISLATION, PUBLIC RIGHTS, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, LAKES, RIVERS,
STREAMS, RIPARIAN LAND, DITCHES, RECREATION, RECREATION DEMAND, LFfiAL
ASPECTS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, NAVIGABLE WATERS, NON-NAVIGABLE WATFRS,
IMPOUNDMENTS, CONSUMPTIVE USE, NON-CONSUMPTIVE USE, NAVIGATION, LAKH
MICHIGAN, LAKE SHORES.
ABSTRACT:
ALTHOUGH THERE IS LITTLE CASE LAW IN INDIANA CONCERNING PUBLIC RIGHTS
IN WATER, THERE ARE MANY STATUTES. IN L955, WATER IN ANY NATURAL
WATERCOURSE WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO ANY 'USEFUL AND BENEFICIAL PUCHJ-,1.'
WAS DECLARED TO BE PUBLIC WATER OF THE STATE AND SUBJECT TO LEG I SI. AT IVI:
REGULATION FOR THE PUBLIC WELFARE. IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THE PHRASF
'USEFUL AND BENEFICIAL1 PURPOSES INCLUDES RECREATION; HOWEVER, TWO 1947
STATUTES DECLARING PUBLIC RIGHTS BROADLY INDICATE THAT THE RIGHT OF
RECREATION IS A PUBLIC RIGHT IN WATER. THE 1955 STATUTE DID LIMIT THF
PUBLIC RIGHT BY SUBORDINATING SUCH RIGHT TO DOMESTIC USES AND
IMPOUNDMENTS BY RIPARIAN OWNERS. THE 1947 STATUTES DO NOT MAKE PUBLIC
RIGHTS DEPEND ON NAVIGABILITY. APPARENTLY ANY USE BY THE PUBLIC IS
SUFFICIENT IF ACQUIESCED IN BY ANY RIPARIAN. THIS CREATES A
CONSTITUTIONAL PROBLEM CONCERNING THE EXERCISE OF THE STATE'S POLICE
POWER. OTHER STATUTES DEAL WITH: (1) ZONING LAKES FOR PUBLIC USE; (2)
THE POWER OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS TO DECLARE WATERS IN THEIR COUNTIES
NAVIGABLE; AND <3> THE EMPOWERING OF TOWN TRUSTEES TO DETERMINE AND
REGULATE THE BANKS, SHORES, AND WHARVES OF ANY STREAM WITHIN THE
CORPORATE LIMIT. (SEE W70-04857). (MARSEE-FLORI DA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-04867
95
-------
TO PREVENT AN UNNATURAL DEATH.
OPEN LANDS PROJECT, CHICAGO, ILL.
SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS OF FOUR-STATE LAKE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE, CHICAGO,
ILLINOIS, APRIL 1969. 30 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, ILLINOIS, INDIANA, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN, THERMAL
POLLUTION, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, SEWAGE TREATMENT, LANDFILLS, CHEMICAL
WASTES.
ABSTRACT:
THE THREATS TO LAKE MICHIGAN ARE SEEN AS: (1) THERMAL POLLUTION; (?)
SEWAGE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES; (3) AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; (A) LANDFILL;
AND (5) UNPLANNED SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT. STATEMENTS FROM VARIOUS
ADVOCACY GROUPS FROM THE FOUR STATES PARTICIPATING GIVE INDICATION DF
STRONG CITIZEN CONCERN ABOUT THE DETERIORATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN WATTP.S.
ALL PARTICIPANTS AGREED UPON VIEWING LAKE MICHIGAN IN A HOLISTIC MANMFR
SO AS TO CONSIDER ALL THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE INTRA AND
INTER-RELATIONSHIPS PECULIAR TO THE LAKE. RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THf
CONFERENCE INCLUDED A PROPOSAL THAT A MAJOR EFFORT RE DIRECTED (fi TOTAL
PLANNING FOR THE LAKE IN ORDER TO DETECT QUICKLY ECOLOGICAL I Kf.Al. Ar.T.FS
WHICH OCCUR SO THAT THEY CAN BE REMEDIED BEFORE THEY BECOME
IRREVERSIBLE. (STARR-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-04898
96
-------
BACKGROUND MATERIAL COVERING THE FEASIBILITY OF CREATING ISLANDS IN LAKE
MICHIGAN NEAR CHICAGO,
RALEIGH SPINKS.
CHICAGO CITY PLANNING DEPARTMENT, JANUARY 1961. 63 P, 7 FIG, 39 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *CITY PLANNING, *ISLANDS, URBANIZATION, PLANNING,
ATTITUDES, SOCIAL ASPECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*CHICAGO, *POLICY MAKING.
ABSTRACT:
THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO PROVIDE BACKGROUND MATERIAL RELATING TO THE
CREATION OF OFFSHORE ISLANDS IN LAKE MICHIGAN NEAR CHICAGO. FOUR MAIN
AREAS ARE COVERED: (1) LOCAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS, WHERE THE CONCEPT
OF WHETHER ISLANDS ARE A GOOD IDEA IN LIGHT OF THE CHICAGO
COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AND WHERE CONFLICTING EXISTING AND PROPOSED
DEVELOPMENTS, CONFLICTING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS, AND LOCAL
APPROVALS REQUIRED ARE EXAMINED; (2) GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND
REGULATIONS ARE EXAMINED AT DIFFERENT LEVELS THAT GOVERN THE USE OF
LAKE LAND; (3) ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF DESIGN AND COST ARE ANALYZED; AND
(4) EXISTING AND PROPOSED ISLAND PROJECTS IN THE CHICAGO REGION ARE
DESCRIBED. IT IS THE MAJOR CONCLUSION OF THIS PAPER THAT THERE APPEARS
TO BE NO GOVERNMENTAL, ENGINEERING OR FINANCIAL FACTS THAT WOULD HOLD
BACK THE REALISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF ISLANDS IN THE LAKE. IT APPEARS THAT
UNDER THE RIGHT CIRCUMSTANCES, THE FREE MARKET WOULD ALLOW THE ISLANDS
TO BE BUILT ON A COMPETITIVE BASIS. THE MAJOR DRAWBACK APPEARS TO BE
THE GAP BETWEEN WHAT IS TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE FR.OM AN ENGINEERING AND
FINANCIAL VIEWPOINT AND WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE BY THE PUBLIC, OR UNDERSTOOD
BY THE PUBLIC. IN CONCLUSION, PRELIMINARY RESEARCH INDICATES THAT THE
QUESTION OF ISLANDS IN THE LAKE IS A CITY PLANNING 'POLICY AND VALUES'
PROBLEM RATHER THAN AN ENGINEERING OR FINANCIAL PROBLEM. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-04899
97
-------
PLANKTON DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN UNIV.t ANN ARBOR.
EUGENE F. STOERMERt AND J. J. YANG.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIVISION, SPECIAL
REPORT NO. 47, 1969. 268 P, 65 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
PHYTOPLANKTON, *DIATOMS, LAKE MICHIGAN, EUTROPHICAT I ON.
IDENTIFIERS:
DIVERSITY INDEX, *THERMAL BAR.
ABSTRACT:
DETAILED ANALYSES ARE PRESENTED OF PLANKTON DIATOM POPULATIONS
OCCURRING IN MODERN COLLECTIONS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE LAKE AS WELL AS
COLLECTIONS FROM THE CHICAGO AREA DATING BACK TO 1876. RECORDS OF
OCCURRENCE AND POPULATION FREQUENCY ARE GIVEN FOR 714 TAXONOMJC
ENTITIES. DIVERSITY AND REDUNDANCY INDICES WERE CALCULATED FOR. THE
ASSEMBLAGES EXAMINED. STUDY SHOWED INCREASING INCURSION OF POLLUTION
TOLERANT FORMS INTO THE LAKE MICHIGAN FLORA. SPECIES WHICH HAVE CAUSED
OBJECTIONAL BLOOMS IN RECENT YEARS IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN FIRST
OCCURRED IN COLLECTIONS TAKEN IN THE 1930'S AND NOW ARE FOUND IN ALL
PARTS OF THE LAKE. SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH EXTREME WATER QUALITY
DEGRADATION IN LAKE ERIE HAVE RECENTLY BEEN INTRODUCED INTO LAKE
MICHIGAN. AT THE PRESENT TIME EXTREME DIFFERENCES ARE NOTED BETWEEN THE
NEARSHORE FLORA AND THAT OF THE OPEN LAKE, PARTICULARLY DURING THERMAL
BAR CONDITIONS IN THE SPRING. ON THE BASIS OF FLORISTIC ANALYSIS THE
AUTHOR'S GENERAL CONCLUSION IS THAT LAKE MICHIGAN AT THE PRESENT TIME
IS APPROACHING THE BREAK-POINT BETWEEN TRANSIENT ALGAL NUSIANCES
CONFINED TO THE INSHORE AREA AND MORE DRASTIC CHANGES AFFECTING THE
ENTIRE ECOSYSTEM.
FIELD 05C, 021
ACCESSION NO. W70-04902
98
-------
REPORT UPON ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY FOR THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA1969 TO
2000f
ALVORD, BURDICK AND HOWSON, CHICAGOt ILL.
D. E. ECKMANt AND L. R. HOWSON.
SEPTEMBER 1969. 235 P, 38 FIG, 39 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER DEMANDt *WATER SUPPLY, *WATER RESOURCES, *WATER WORKS, -'WATER
DISTRIBUTION, ^MUNICIPAL WATER, *CITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *PLANNING,
^CONSTRUCTION COSTS, ENGINEERS ESTIMATES, CONSTRUCTION, WATER RATES.
IDENTIFIERS:
^CHICAGO WATER WORKS, ^CHICAGO DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND SEWERS.
ABSTRACT:
THE REPORT IS A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF AN ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION OF
WATER SERVICE REQUIREMENTS, AND THE COSTS OF FACILITIES REQUIRED IN
MEETING ANTICIPATED DEMANDS UPON THE CHICAGO WATER SYSTEM, TO THE YEAR
2000. CHICAGO PRESENTLY WITHDRAWS 4 MILLION TONS OF WATER PER DAY FROM
LAKE MICHIGAN, PURIFIES IT IN THE WORLD'S TWO LARGEST FILTRATION
PLANTS, AND DELIVERS IT THROUGH SEVERAL THOUSAND MILES OF TUNNELS AND
WATER MAINS TO NEARLY FIVE MILLION PERSONS IN CHICAGO AND 72 SUBURBAN
COMMUNITIES. THE ENGINEERS ESTIMATED THAT THE POPULATION SERVED BY THE
YEAR 2000 WILL BE 6,105,100, IN CHICAGO AND 94 OUTLYING COMMUNITIES.
THE AVERAGE DAILY PUMPAGE REQUIREMENT WILL PROBABLY INCREASE FROM 1,024
MGD IN 1968 TO 1,298 MGD BY THE YEAR 2000. THE TWO FILTRATION PLANTS
WILL BE ADEQUATE; HOWEVER, PUMPING FACILITIES, TUNNEL CONDUITS, AND
FEEDER MAINS MUST BE PROVIDED. THE TOTAL CAPITAL REQUIRED, AT 1969
PRICES, TO THE YEAR 2000 IS $370,432,000. OF THIS, $104,266,000 IS
INCLUDED IN THE PRESENT 5-YEAR WATER WORKS CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM
(1969-1973). ADDITIONAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW FACILITIES BETWEEN
1970 AND 2000 IS ESTIMATED AT $58,266,000; AND REPLACEMENTS AND
REHABILITATION AT $207,900,000. IF BUILT PROGRESSIVELY, TO THE YEAR
2000, ANTICIPATED EXPENDITURES ARE ESTIMATED AT $633,255,000. AN
INCREASE IN WATER RATES IS CONSIDERED NECESSARY TO MEET CURRENT COSTS
OF OPERATION AND TO PROVIDE FUNDS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION.
{POERTNER-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06D, 03D
ACCESSION NO. W70-05255
99
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CONFERENCEPOLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS?
INDIANA, MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN.
U S DEPT OF INTERIOR, FED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN, CONFERENCE ON
POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS, INDIANA,
MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN, VOL 2 (1969).
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, *STATE GOVERNMENTS, *FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENTS, WATER POLLUTION, THERMAL POLLUTION, POLLUTION
ABATEMENT, STANDARDS, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER POLLUTION TREATMENT,
WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, OIL WASTES, DOMESTIC WASTES, PESTICIDE
RESIDUES, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, SEDIMENTS, RADIOACTIVE WASTES, SHIPS,
NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS, MONITORING, FISHKILL, AREA REDEVELOPMENT,
PLANNING, REGULATION.
ABSTRACT:
REPORTS ARE GIVEN BY STATES AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AS TO STEPS TAKEN
TO ABATE POLLUTION IN LAKE MICHIGAN PURSUANT TO RECOMMENDATI ONS
ESTABLISHED IN PRIOR CONFERENCES. THE WISCONSIN REPORT LISTS THE EXIEIIT
OF COMPLIANCE WITH EACH OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS DIRECTED AT THE STATES.
THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REPORT OUTLINES WHAT IS BEING DONE TO
REDUCE SEDIMENT POLLUTION. A REPORT IS MADE ON DISCHARGES FROM FEDERAL
INSTALLATIONS, AND PROPOSED LEGISLATION FOR UNIFORM REGULATIONS TO
CONTROL WATERCRAFT WASTES IS SUBMITTED. THE EXTENT OF THERMAL AND
RADIATION POLLUTION FROM NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS IS OUTLINED WITH EXISTING
REGULATIONS THAT ARE DESIGNED TO CONTROL IT. A REPORT IS MADE ON THE
EXTENT OF POLLUTION FROM INSECTICIDES WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL.
A MONITORING PROGRAM IS OUTLINED THAT OBTAINS DATA USEFUL IN
IDENTIFYING POLLUTANTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. REPORTS
ARE MADE ON PLANS TO CONTROL POLLUTION FROM OIL. SPILLS AND FROM ALEWIFE
DIE-OFFS IN THE LAKE. A SUMMARY OF THE PROCEEDINGS IS MADE BY THE
CONFEREES. (SEE ALSO W70-06206 THRU W70-06209). (DOUBERLEY-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-06205
100
-------
CONFERENCEPOLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS,
INDIANA, MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN (WISCONSIN PROGRESS REPORTS).
U S DEPT OF INTERIOR, FED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN, CONFERENCE ON
POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS, INDIANA,
MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN, VOL 2, P 365-462, 97 P, (1969).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSIN, *WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
^STANDARDS, LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER RESOURCES, SURFACE WATERS, WATER
CONSERVATION, WATER MANAGEMENT(APPLIED), WATER POLICY, WATER QUALITY,
WATER POLLUTION, WATER TREATMENT, ADMINISTRATION, AREA REDEVELOPMENT,
PLANNING, STATE GOVERNMENTS, SEWAGE, EFFLUENTS, DISINFECTION,
TREATMENT, ZONING, LAND USE, LANDFILLS, PHOSPHORUS, POLLUTION
ABATEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES.
ABSTRACT:
THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WAS CREATED TO COMBINE
BOTH POLLUTION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS IN ONE ADMINISTRATIVE
BODY. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS HAVE BEEN EXTENDED TO COVER BOTH
INTERSTATE AND INTRASTATE WATERS, REQUIRING SECONDARY TREATMENT OF
SEWAGE AND WASTES AS WELL AS DISINFECTION OF EFFLUENTS. COUNTIES ARE
REQUIRED TO ZONE ALL SHORE LANDS IN UNINCORPORATED AREAS TO PROTECT
AGAINST UNWISE DEVELOPMENT. DUMPS AND SANITARY LANDFILLS ARE REGULATED
BY STATE LICENSING PROCEDURES. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE CONFERENCE
RECOMMENDATION THAT MUNICIPALITIES ACHIEVE AN EIGHTY PERCENT REDUCTION
IN PHOSPHORUS BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE TOTAL PHOSPHORUS LOAD IN
EACH STATE RATHER THAN APPLIED TO EACH INDIVIDUAL MUNICIPALITY. LARGER
CITIES CAN ATTAIN GREATER THAN EIGHTY PERCENT, WHILE SMALLER
MUNICIPALITIES CANNOT FEASIBLY TREAT PHOSPHORUS EFFLUENTS. STATUTES
PROHIBIT THE DUMPING OF POLLUTED MATERIALS INTO. ANY WATERS OF THE
STATE. (SEE W70-06205). (DOUBERLEY-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G
ACCESSION NO. W70-06206
101
-------
CONFERENCE POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS,
INDIANA, MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN (USDA PROGRAMS TO PREVENT AGRICULTURAL
POLLUTION).
U S DEPT OF INTERIOR, FED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN, CONFERENCE ON
POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS, INDIANA,
MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN, VOL 2, P 463-503, 40 P (1969).
DESCRIPTORS:
*EROSION CONTROL, *ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, *FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, *SOIL
CONSERVATION, LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, ADMINISTRATION,
WATER POLLUTION, PLANNING, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, FARM MANAGEMENT,
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, CONTOUR FARMING, DRAINAGE PRACTICES, LAND
USE, LAND MANAGEMENT, SOIL MANAGEMENT, LAND, FARMS, RURAL AREAS, SMALL
WATERSHEDS, SEDIMENTATION, SILTING, BANK EROSION, EROSION, SEDIMENT
CONTROL, WATER CONSERVATION.
ABSTRACT:
AGRICULTURAL LANDS SUPPLY THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF SEDIMENT CARRIED BY
STREAMS BECAUSE OF THE LARGE AREA INVOLVED, BUT MUCH OF SEDIMENT ALSO
COMES FROM URBAN AREAS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, ROADSIDES, SURFACE MINING,
SAND AND GRAVEL PITS, AND STREAMBANK EROSION. THE DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE AIDS INDIVIDUALS, COMMUNITIES AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN
PRESERVING SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES THROUGH CONSERVATION. THE SOIL
CONSERVATION SERVICE (SCS), THROUGH SOIL CONSERVATION DISTRICTS,
ASSISTS CONSERVATIONISTS AND LAND USERS IN PLANNING AND MAKING
DECISIONS ABOUT PROPER LAND USE. THE AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND
CONSERVATION SERVICE PROVIDES COST-SHARING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IN
ESTABLISHING CONSERVATION PRACTICES. THE CROPLAND ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
DIVERTS LAND TO USES THAT CONTROL AIR AND WATER POLLUTION. THE FARMERS
HOME ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTERS LOANS AND GRANTS FOR WATER SUPPLY AND
WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, RECREATION FACILITIES AND CONSERVATION
MEASURES. UNDER THE SMALL WATERSHED PROGRAM, SCS GIVES TECHNICAL AND
FINANCIAL AID TO LOCAL WATERSHED PROJECTS. SCS ALSO PROVIDES LEADERSHIP
FOR RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, INCLUDING TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE AND CREDIT TO FINANCE LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS. RESEARCH PROGRAMS
PROVIDE VALUABLE DATA ON SOILS, PLANTS AND WATER QUALITY. (SEE
W70-06205). (DOUBE-RLEY-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G
ACCESSION NO. W70-06207
102
-------
CONFERENCEPOLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS,
INDIANA, MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN (NUCLEAR POWERPLANT WASTE DISPOSAL).
U S DEPT OF INTERIOR, FED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN, CONFERENCE ON
POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS, INDIANA,
MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN, VOL 2, P 537-691, 154 P, (1969).
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS, *NUCLEAR WASTES, *THERMAL
POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, WATER QUALITY,
PLANNING, FACILITIES, RADIATION, DISPOSAL, NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, NUCLEAR
REACTORS, RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL, WATER"POLLUTION SOURCES, HEATED
WATER, RADIOACTIVITY EFFECTS, TEMPERATURE, POLLUTION ABATEMENT,
REGULATION, MUNICIPAL WATER, RECREATION, AQUATIC LIFE, MIXING,
DISPERSION, STANDARDS.
ABSTRACT:
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WASTES ARE GOVERNED BY CRITERIA, STANDARDS AND
REGULATIONS SET BY THE STATES, THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR AND THE
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (AEC). THE STATES BORDERING LAKE MICHIGAN EACH
PROVIDE FOR MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE LIMITS AND REASONABLE DISTANCES FOR
MIXING. RADIONUCLIDE LIMITS ARE BASED ON THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1962
DRINKING WATER STANDARDS. AEC RESPONSIBILITY IS LIMITED TO RADIOACTIVE
WASTE DISPOSAL AND DOES NOT EXTEND TO THERMAL POLLUTION. CONCENTRATION
LIMITS ARE DIRECTED AT PROTECTING INDIVIDUALS FROM EXPOSURE TO
RADIATION. RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
ADMINISTRATION TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR SET TEMPERATURE LIMITS
FOR BOTH RECREATIONAL AND FISH LIFE USES. LIMITS ARE PLACED ON
RADIONUCLIDES IN MUNICIPAL WATER SOURCES AND IN HABITATS FOR AQUATIC
LIFE. APPLICATIONS FOR AEC NUCLEAR POWER PLANT LICENSES STATE THAT
RADIOACTIVE DISPOSAL WILL BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH. SET STANDARDS. DANGER
FROM ROUTINE PLANT OPERATIONS IS REMOTE, ALTHOUGH THERE IS A NEED FOR A
PLAN TO COORDINATE THE AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT.
LACK OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO EVALUATE THE
ADEQUACY OF PROPOSALS AND REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE DISPOSAL OF HEATED
COOLING WATER. ADDITIONAL DATA IS NEEDED TO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEMS
CREATED BY ADDITIONAL POWER PLANTS IN THE FUTURE. (SEE W70-06205).
(DOUBERLEY-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G
ACCESSION NO. W70-06208
103
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PRELIMINARY STRATIGRAPHY OF UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN PART
OF LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, URBANA; AND ILLINOIS UNIV., URBANA.
D..L. GROSS, J. A. LINEBACK, W. A. WHITE, M. J. AYER, AND CHARLES COLLINSON.
ILLINOIS' STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTE NO 30, FEBRUARY
1970. 20 P, 6 FIG, 2 PLATE, 11 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, MINERALOGY, WATER CHEMISTRY, CLAY
MINERALS, GLACIAL DRIFT, SAMPLING, DATING.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS.
ABSTRACT:
SAMPLING OF THE UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS OF SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN WAS
BEGUN IN THE SUMMER OF 1969. THE GEOLOGY AND THE CHEMISTRY OF THESE
SEDIMENTS WAS STUDIED WITH EMPHASIS ON THEIR POLLUTION, AS MEASURED BY
LEAD AND OTHER INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS. THE SEDIMENT SEQUENCE INCLUDES,
FROM THE TOP, A FEW CENTIMETERS OF SANDY SILTY CLAY ON THE LAKE FLOOR;
0.5 TO 1.0 METER OF DARK GRAY SILTY CLAY ALTERNATING WITH THIN BLACK
CLAY LAYERS; 0.5 METER OF BROWNISH GRAY SILTY CLAY CONTAINING THIN DANK
LAYERS; 0.75 METER OF ORANGISH BROWN CLAY IN WHICH THERE IS A TRACEARLif
GRAY CLAY BED 0.15 METER THICK; AND A HOMOGENEOUS, PINK CLAY MORE THAN
1.0 METER THICK THAT OVERLIES GLACIAL OUTWASH AND TILL. THE BLACK
LAYERS IN THE UPPER PART OF THE CORES HAVE YIELDED A RADIOCARBON DATE
OF 6920 PLUS OR MINUS 200 YEARS B.P. WITHIN THE LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS,
GRAIN SIZE DECREASES WITH DEPTH. WATER CONTENT RANGES FROM 100% TO MORfc
THAN 200* OF DRY WEIGHT. ILLITE, CHLORITE, KAOLINITE, AND EXPANDABLE
CLAY MINERALS ARE MIXED THROUGHOUT THE CORES, ALTHOUGH EXPANDABLES
DECREASE DOWNWARD AND KAOLINITE DECREASES UPWARD. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02J, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-06324
104
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MINOR ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF LAKE MICHIGAN FERROMANGANESE NODULES,
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB., ILL., AND MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR.
DAVID N. EDGINGTON, AND EDWARD CALLENDER.
EARTH AND PLANETERY SCIENCE LETTERS, VOL 8, NO 2, P 97-100, APRIL 1970. A P,
1 FIG, 1 TAB, 15 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *TRACE ELEMENTS, *GEOCHEMISTRY,
^MANGANESE, ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, EUTROPHICATION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SURVEYS, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, WATER CHEMISTRY, WATER QUALITY, WATER
POLLUTION EFFECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
MANGANESE NODULES, GREEN BAY.
ABSTRACT:
SAMPLES OF FERROMANGANESE NODULES FROM SEVERAL LOCALITIES IN LAKE
MICHIGAN WERE ANALYZED FOR THEIR MINOR ELEMENT CONTENT BY NEUTRON
ACTIVATION TECHNIQUES. THE THORIUM AND URANIUM LEVELS IN LAKE MICHIGAN
NODULES EXHIBIT MARKED DISSIMILARITIES WITH MARINE NODULES. THE RADIUM
CONTENT OF THESE FRESHWATER NODULES IS SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER THAN THE
REPORTED MARINE VALUES. THE CONCENTRATIONS OF BARIUM IN THE LAKE
MICHIGAN NODULES APPEAR TO BE ABNORMALLY HIGH, AND PATTERNS OBTAINED
USING THE ELECTRON MICROPROBE SUGGEST IT IS EVENLY DISPERSED THROUGHOUT
THE NODULES. THE AVERAGE ARSENIC CONTENT OF THESE FRESHWATER NODULES IS
AT LEAST TWICE AS GREAT AS THAT REPORTED FOR HIGHLY OXIDIZED MARINE
SEDIMENTS. IF ALL THIS ARSENIC IS DISSOLVED AND RELEASED INTO GREEN BAY
AS A RESULT OF CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (EUTROPHICATION), THE
CONCENTRATION IN THE WATER OF GREEN BAY WOULD BE SEVERAL TIMES THE
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LEVEL FOR DRINKING WATER. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02K, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W70-06325
105
-------
LEGAL ASPECTS OF LAKE DIVERSION. (DIVERSION FROM LAKE MICHIGAN, AND DISPOSAL OF
SEWAGE INTO THE MISSISSIPPI WATERSHED, BY CHICAGO),
ANTONY A. OLIS, AND ROBERT A. SPRECHER.
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, VOL 51, NO 6, P 653-674, FEB 1957, 22 P,
110 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DIVERSION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWAGE DISPOSAL, *WATERSHEDS(BASINS) ,
LEGAL ASPECTS, LAKES, MUNICIPAL WASTES, CANALS, WATER UTILIZATION,
WITHDRAWAL, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, NAVIGATION,
DRAWDOWN, WATER ALLOCATION(POL ICY ), LOW-FLOW AUGMENTATION,
INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS, TREATIES, LEGISLATION, CONSUMPTIVE USE,
CITIES, JURISDICTION, TRANSPORTATION, WATER SUPPLY, MISSISSIPPI RIVER
BASIN.
ABSTRACT:
BECAUSE OF ITS NEED FOR A LARGE SUPPLY OF UNCONTAMINATED WATER, CHICAGO
TAKES ITS WATER FROM LAKE MICHIGAN AND BY AN EXTENSIVE CANAL SYSTEM
DISPOSES OF ITS WASTES INTO THE MISSISSIPPI WATERSHED. THIS PRACTICE
HAS AROUSED PROTESTS OF WATER LEVEL DRAWDOWN AND INCREASED WASTES FROM
BOTH THE GREAT LAKES STATES AND CANADA. EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE AMOUNTS
OF DIVERSION OF WATER FROM LAKE MICHIGAN HAVE MET WITH MUCH OPPOSITION,
AND HAVE LED TO EXTENSIVE LITIGATION SINCE THE EARLY 1900'S. THE CANAL
SYSTEM BETWEEN CHICAGO AND THE MI SSISSIPPI SERVES BOTH FOR SEWAGE
DISPOSAL AND AS A MEANS FOR WATER TRANSPORTATION BETWEEN THE GREAT
LAKES AND THE MISSISSIPPI BASIN AND THE GULF. THE NEED FOR IMPROVED
TRANSPORTATION IS PROBABLY A MORE CONVINCING ARGUMENT FOR INCREASED
DIVERSION FROM THE LAKE THAN SEWAGE DISPOSAL NEEDS. EVEN THOUGH THE
UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT HAS RETAINED JURISDICTION OVER THE ISSUE,
CONGRESS' DOMINION OVER NAVIGABLE INLAND WATERWAYS GIVES IT THE POWER
TO REGULATE THE DIVERSION OF LAKE WATER BY STATUTE. TREATY OBLIGATIONS
WITH CANADA DO NOT PREVENT AN INCREASE IN LAKE DIVERSION, IT 1SLARGUED,
AND SUCH INCREASE IS LIKELY. (CALDWELL-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E, 05E
' ACCESSION NO. H70-06477
106
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THE GREAT LAKES WATER RESOURCE,
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, CHICAGO, ILL. GREAT LAKES
REGION.
H. W. POSTON, AND C. R. OWNBEY.
JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION, VOL 60, NO 1, P 15-20, 1968. 4 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER RESOURCES, WATER QUALITY, EUTROPHICATION, LAKE
ERIE, LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE MICHIGAN, PHOSPHATES, PRODUCTIVITY,
FERTILIZATION, CHEMICALS, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, STRATIFICATION, BACTERIA,
SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, STORM RUNOFF, SEWERS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, LAKE HURON,
NEW YORK, MICHIGAN, ILLINOIS, WISCONSIN, OHIO, INDIANA, PENNSYLVANIA.
IDENTIFIERS:
CANADIAN GOVERNMENT, ONTARIO, DETROIT(MICH), CALUMET RIVER(ILL), FOX
RIVER(WIS), SAGINAW RIVER(MICH), CUYAHOGA RIVERIOHIO), MAUMEE
RIVER(OHIO), MENOMINEE RIVER(WIS).
ABSTRACT:
' LAKE ERIE HAS THE LARGEST CONTRIBUTING POPULATION TO DEGRADATION ON ITS
WATERSHED AND THE LARGEST DISCHARGER OF MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS UNDERGOING
ONLY TOKEN NUTRIENT REDUCTION. MODIFICATION OF TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN
AND OPERATING PRACTICES CAN REDUCE PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION IN WASTE
WATER TO A HIGH DEGREE. ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND
EFFICIENT TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS ARE NEEDED.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ARE INCREASING; FOR EXAMPLE, CHLORIDES TRIPLED
FROM 1910 TO I960; OXYGEN DEPLETION RESULTS FROM OVERSTIMULAT ION OF
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; HEALTH HAZARDS ALONG THE SHORES PREVAIL FROM
INADEQUATELY DISINFECTED SEWAGE EFFLUENTS. THE LARGEST SINGLE PLANNING
EFFORT UNDER WAY AT PRESENT IS THE GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS
STUDY UNDER THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT. THE INTERNATIONAL
JOINT COMMISSION IS ALSO COORDINATING A STUDY. PLANS FOR LOCAL ACTIONS
ARE FORMULATED. THE ADMINISTRATORS' AND POLICY MAKERS' TASK WILL BE TO
ASSURE PROPER BALANCE IN THE EFFORTS DIRECTED TO RESEARCH, PLANS FOR
ACTION AND APPLICATION. SOME ACCEPTABLE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT MUST
BE EVOLVED TO SETTLE DISPUTES BETWEEN CONFLICTING INTERESTS. AN
ORGANIZATION HAVING AUTHORITY TO COMMAND EFFECTIVE ACTION MUST BE
ESTABLISHED, CORRELATING EFFORTS OF PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS,
ECONOMISTS, LAWYERS, AND POLITICAL SCIENTISTS. A TVA OF THE GREAT LAKES
IS SUGGESTED. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 068
ACCESSION NO. W70-06658
107
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DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR* MINOR* AND TRACE CONSTITUENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED
SEDIMENTS FROM' SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, URBANA.
NEIL F. SHIMP, HARRY V. LEL AND, AND W. ARTHUR WHITE.
ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTE NO 32, MARCH 1970. 19
P, 4 FIG, 3 TAB, 9 REF, APPEND.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TRACE ELEMENTS,
IONS, CLAYS, CLAY MINERALS, ORGANIC MATTER, LAKES, LIMNOLOGY,
SEDIMENTATION, WATER ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, DATA COLLECTIONS, WATER
POLLUTION EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY.
ABSTRACT:
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS INDICATE THAT LEAD, BROMINE, ZINC,
NICKEL, AND CHROMIUM ACCUMULATE IN THE UPPER FEW CENTIMETERS OF THESE
LAKE DEPOSITS. CONCENTRATIONS OF THESE ELEMENTS APPEAR TO BE RELATED TO
THE AMOUNT OF ORGANIC CARBON IN THE SEDIMENTS. IN DEEPER SEDIMENTS,
MOST TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS INCREASE AS THE AMOUNT OF LESS THAN
2-MICRON CLAY INCREASES. THE SAMPLES WERE SUBJECTED TO X-RAY
FLUORESCENCE, NEUTRON ACTIVATION, OPTICAL EMISSON, ATOMIC ABSORPTION,
AND WET CHEMICAL METHODS. MAJOR CONSTITUENTS DETERMINED WERE AL, SI,
FE, CA, MG, K, NA, INORGANIC CARBON, AND ORGANIC CARBON. TI, MN, P, AND
S WERE FOUND IN SMALLER AMOUNTS. TRACE ELEMENTS. DETERMINED WERE B, BE,
BR, CD, CR, CU, LA, NI, PB, SC, V, AND ZN. AMOUNTS OF LESS THAN
2-MICRON CLAY, CLAY MINERAL COMPOSITION, ACIDITY, AND
OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL ALSO WERE DETERMINED. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02J, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-06748
108
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AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT MEASUREMENTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
NEW YORK UNIV., BRONX. GEOPHYSICAL SCIENCES LAB.; AND COLUMBIA UNIV., DOBBS
FERRY, N. Y. HUDSON LABS.
FRANK D. MALONE.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL 73, NO 22, P 7065-7081, NOVEMBER 15,
1968. 17 P, 13 FIG, 3 TAB, 23 REF. ONR CONTRACTS PH86-66-17, CONTRACT NONR
285(57) AND NONR 266(84).
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER), *LAKE MICHIGAN, *STATISTICAL METHODS, *DATA
PROCESSING, FREQUENCY ANALYSIS, FOURIER ANALYSIS, LAKES, LIMNOLOGY,
WATER CIRCULATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, CROSS-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS.
ABSTRACT:
CURRENT METER RECORDS, COLLECTED FROM LAKE MICHIGAN DURING THE GREAT
LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT, ARE STUDIED USING HARMONIC,
SPECTRAL, AND CROSS-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. MAJOR PEAKS IN THE
VELOCITY SPECTRA ARE LOCATED NEAR THE LOCAL INERTIAL FREQUENCY DURING
THE THERMOCLINE SEASON. CROSS-SPECTRA BETWEEN THE VELOCITY COMPONENTS
AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS YIELD HIGH COHERENCES (0.9) NEAR THE INERTIAL
FREQUENCY AND SHOW THAT THE VELOCITY COMPONENTS ARE APPROXIMATELY 180
DEG OUT OF PHASE ABOVE AND BELOW THE THERMOCLINE. THE CURRENT METER
RECORDS FROM THE MOUTH OF GREEN BAY AND THE STRAITS OF MACKINAC ARE
DOMINATED BY PERIODS OF 12 AND ABOUT 50 HOURS, RESPECTIVELY.
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W70-06794
109
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COASTAL ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF AN AIRPORT IN LAKE MICHIGAN, r
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, CHICAGO, ILL. f
^
MILTON PIKARSKY. v
A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN
SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, CHICAGO, OCTOBER 13-17, 1969; MEETING PREPRINT
1065. 20 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*AIRPORTS, *DIKES, *LAKE BEDS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *AIRCRAFT, *WATER
VALUES, *WATER RESOURCES, *COASTAL ENGINEERING, HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING,
SOIL ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION COSTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
^CHICAGO, *POLDER.
ABSTRACT:
THE COST, FEASIBILITY, AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS OF BUILDING AN AIRPORT
IN LAKE MICHIGAN ARE DISCUSSED. ONE PROPOSAL IS THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
CIRCULAR POLDER (AN ACRE OF LAKE BOTTOM UNCOVERED BY PUMPING OUT THE
WATER WITHIN THE CONFINES OF A CIRCULAR DIKE) ABOUT 5 MILES IN
DIAMETER, 11,000 ACRES IN AREA AND CENTERED ABOUT 8 MILES OFFSHORE IN
LAKE MICHIGAN. THE CIRCULAR DIKE WOULD BE ABOUT 82,000 FT. LONG AND
WOULD REQUIRE APPROXIMATELY 150,000,000 CUBIC YARDS OF FILL. IT WAS
FOUND THROUGH FIELD INVESTIGATIONS THAT THERE ARE SEVERAL SITES NEAR
THE LAKE WHERE THE FILL COULD BE MINED. A LAKE QUARRY WOULD SATISFY THE
NEEDS AND WOULD ALSO HELP TO REDUCE COSTS. THE ONLY CONVENTIONAL
ALTERNATIVES TO A POLDER FOR A LAKE SITE ARE AN ISLAND OR A PENINSULA.
THIS WOULD REQUIRE MUCH MORE FILL (1,064 MILLION CUBIC YARDS) IN
ADDITION TO THE REQUIRED MATERIAL FOR THE DIKE PROPER. HARZA
ENGINEERING COMPANY, AFTER COMPLETING ENGINEERING STUDIES, EVALUATION
OF LAKE BOTTOM BORINGS, AND A SEISMIC SURVEY HAS CONCLUDED THAT THE
LAKE AIRPORT SITE IS ENTIRELY FEASIBLE. THEY ESTIMATE THAT THE POLDER
IN LAKE MICHIGAN WOULD COST APPROXIMATELY $500,000,000. .CONSTRUCTION
TIME IS ESTIMATED TO BE 5 OR 6 YEARS. CHICAGO IS AWAITING INFORMATION
FROM THE FAA ON AIR SPACE SIMULATION STUDIES BEFORE DECIDING UPON THE
SITE FOR ITS NEXT AIRPORT. (POERTNER-CH1CAGO)
FIELD 08D, 04C
ACCESSION NO. W70-06921
110
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ARE WE OR ARE WE NOT GOING TO CLEAN UPt
METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO, ILL.
VINTON W. BACON.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES CONFERENCE (AMERICAN WATER
RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, URBANA, ILLINOIS, 1968), P 354-367, 30 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY CONTROL, *FLOOD CONTROL, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWAGE
DISPOSAL, AIR POLLUTION, *FERTI LIZATION, *INLAND WATERWAYS,
*MONITORING, *TERTIARY TREATMENT, TUNNELING, CHLORINATION, WATER
SOURCES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO, *DEEP TUNNEL PLAN, ^COMBINED SEWAGE
SYSTEM, STREAM CLEANING, MICROSTRAINING.
ABSTRACT:
CHICAGO EFFORTS TO IMPROVE WATER QUALITY ARE OUTLINED BEGINNING IN 1891
WITH THE FORMATION OF THE SANITARY DISTRICT AND THE SUBSEQUENT
REVERSING OF THE CHICAGO RIVER UP TO RECENT PLANS FOR SLUDGE USE AND
THE DEEP TUNNEL PROJECT. CAPACITIES OF THE VARIOUS TREATMENT PLANTS ARE
OUTLINED AND PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM SEWER -CONSTRUCT I ON AND FERTILIZER
DRYING OPERATIONS DISCUSSED. THE SANITARY DISTRICT IS DESCRIBED AS A
WHOLESALER OF SEWAGE SINCE IT DOES NOT CONSTRUCT THE LOCAL SEWERAGE
SYSTEM. IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE SEWAGE INSTALLATIONS
INCLUDE TUNNELING BECAUSE OF ITS LESS DISRUPTIVE EFFECT ON COMMUNITIES.
FLOOD CONTROL WITH THE MELVINA RESERVOIR AND PLANS FOR ADDITIONAL
RESERVOIRS ARE OUTLINED ALONG WITH PLANS FOR REpUCTION OF SPILLAGE TO
THE LAKE WITH THE DEEP TUNNEL PROJECT. THE TEN-YEAR PROGRAM TO UPGRADE
WATERWAYS WITH CHLORINATION FACILITIES AND TERTIARY TREATMENT ARE
SUGGESTED AS ULTIMATELY ALLOWING RECREATION INVOLVING FULL BODY
CONTACT, SUPPORT OF FISH LIFE, AND SERVICE AS A MUNICIPAL WATER SOURCE.
IN ADDITION TO TERTIARY TREATMENT, MICROSTRAINING AND AN ELEVEN-STATION
MONITORING SYSTEM ARE SUGGESTED FOR IMPROVED WATERWAYS QUALITY.
FINALLY, MEANS OF DISPOSING OF THE APPROXIMATE ONE THOUSAND TONS PER
DAY OF SLUDGE ARE DISCUSSED. COSTS OF SIX ALTERNATIVE METHODS ARE
PRESENTED ALONG WITH LIMITATIONS IN DISPOSAL POTENTIALS OF EACH.
BECAUSE PRESENT METHODS ACCOUNT FOR APPROXIMATELY 40 PER CENT OF THE
TOTAL OPERATING BUDGET AND BECAUSE USE OF SLUDGE AS FERTILIZER WITHOUT
DRYING COULD BE CONSIDERABLY CHEAPER, SPECIAL ATTENTION IS DIRECTED
TOWARD ITS USE IN RECLAIMING FARM LANDS AND STRIP MINES.
(PRECKWINKLE-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05D, 06B
ACCESSION NO. W70-06951
111
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PRELIMINARY STRATIGRAPHY OF UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN PART
OF LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, URBANA; AND ILLINOIS UNIV., URBANA.
J. A. LINEBACK, W. A. WHITE, N. J. AYER, CHARLES COLLINSON, AND H. V. LELAND.
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES NO 30, FEB
1970. 20 P, 6 FIG, 2 PLATES, 11 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, STRATIGRAPHY, SAMPLING, CORES, CLAY
MINERALS, POLLUTANT IDENTIFICATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
SHIPEK GRAB SAMPLER, RADIOCARBON DATING, CLAY MINERALOGY,
UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS, SEDIMENTARY POLLUTION.
ABSTRACT:
LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS WERE SAMPLED AT 4-MILE INTERVALS ALONG A LINE
EXTENDING FROM 12 TO 32 MILES DUE EAST FROM WAUKEGAN, ILLINOIS. THE
SEDIMENT SEQUENCE INCLUDES A THIN FLOOR OF SANDY SILTY CLAY, DARK GRAY
AND BROWNISH SILTY CLAYS WITH BLACK CLAY INTERLAYERS, ORANGE-BROWN
CLAY, AND, FINALLY, PINK CLAY OVERLYING GLACIAL OUTWASH AND TILL.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF BLACK INTERLAYERS INDICATED THEIR AGE AT
APPROXIMATELY 6920 YEARS. GRAIN SIZE DECREASES WITH DEPTH. WATER
CONTENT OF CORE SAMPLES RANGES FROM 100 TO MORE THAN 200% OF DRY
WEIGHT. THE CORES INCLUDE ILLITE, CHLORITE, KAOLINITE, AND EXPANDABLE
CLAY MINERALS. THE CONTENT OF THE LATTER DECREASES WITH THE DEPTH OF
THE SEDIMENT IN AGREEMENT WITH THEIR DEGRADATION TO KAOLINITE.
(WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 02J
ACCESSION NO. W70-06974
112
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>ESTICIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN GREAT LAKES FISH,
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, ANN ARBOR, MICH. GREAT LAKES FISHERY LAB.
ROBERT E. REINERT.
CONTRIB. NO. 371 OF GREAT LAKES FISHERY LABORATORY. PESTICIDES MONITORING
JOURNAL, VOL. 3, NO. 4, P 233-240, MARCH 1970. 8 TAB, 1 FIG, 8 REFS.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *DIELDRIN, *DDT , CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES,
*PESTICIDE RESIDUES, LAKE MICHIGAN, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, LAKE ERIE, LAKE
TROUT, LAKE HURON, LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE SUPERIOR, PESTICIDE REMOVAL.
IDENTIFIERS:
ODD, DDE, ALEWIFE.
ABSTRACT:
REPORTS ON A 4 YEAR STUDY BY ANN ARBOR GREAT LAKES FISHERY LABORATORY
OF THE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ON INSECTICIDE LEVELS IN FISH
FROM THE GREAT LAKES. THE TWO INSECTICIDES FOUND IN ALL GREAT LAKES
FISH HAVE BEEN DDT (DDT, ODD, DDE) AND DIELDRIN. FISH FROM LAKE
' MICHIGAN CONTAIN FROM 2 TO 7 TIMES AS MUCH OF THESE INSECTICIDES AS
THOSE FROM THE OTHER GREAT LAKES. INSECTICIDE LEVELS CALCULATED ON A
WHOLE-FISH BASIS SHOW A MARKED DIFFERENCE FROM SPECIES TO SPECIES.
WITHIN A SPECIES THERE IS ALSO AN INCREASE IN DDT AND DIELDRIN LEVELS
WITH AN INCREASE IN SIZE. IF THESE INSECTICIDE LEVELS ARE, HOWEVER,
CALCULATED AS PPM OF INSECTICIDE IN THE EXTRACTABLE FISH OIL, THE
DIFFERENCES IN CONCENTRATION BETWEEN SPECIES AND THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN SIZE GROUPS BECOMES CONSIDERABLY LESS. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
INDICATE THAT FISH CAN BUILD UP CONCENTRATIONS OF DDT AND DIELDRIN AT
THE PARTS-PER-MILLION LEVEL FROM PARTS-PER-TRILLI ON CONCENTRATIONS IN
THE WATER. (SJOLSETH-WASHINGTON)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-07138
113
-------
CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTA OF THE GREAT LAKESt
WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON.
1
A. M. BEETON. .
EUTROPHICATION: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, CORRECTIVES, P iso-187. PRINTING AND
PUBLISHING OFFICE, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, WASHINGTON, D C, 1969. 15
FIG, 1 TAB, 76 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SEDIMENTS, *EUTROPHICATION, *GREAT LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE
SUPERIOR, LAKE HURON, LAKE ERIE, LAKE ONTARIO, NITRATES, WATER
POLLUTION SOURCES, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES,
BENTHOS, FISH POPULATIONS, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, SULFATES,
IDENTIFIERS:
CHLORIDES, LITERATURE REVIEW, GREEN BAY, SAGINAW BAY.
ABSTRACT:
ALTHOUGH CONCERN OVER CHANGES IN THE GREAT LAKES HAS EXISTED FOR MANY
YEARS, THE IDEA THAT THE LAKES ARE UNDERGOING ACCELERATED
EUTROPHICATION IS RECENT. ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES CAN BE CONSIDERED IN
THREE CATEGORIES: POLLUTION OF INSHORE AREAS, LONG-TERM CHANGES IN OPEN
WATERS, AND CHANGES IN SEDIMENTS. ON THE BASIS OF ACCEPTED
PHYSIOCOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, LAKES SUPERIOR, MICHIGAN, AND HURON
ARE OL IGOTROPHIC, LAKE ERIS IS EUTROPHIC AND LAKE ONTARIO IS IN AN
INTERMEDIATE CONDITION. SUPERIOR REMAINS OLIGOTROPHIC, EXCEPT FOR
LOCALIZED POLLUTION; CHANGES IN FISH STOCKS ARE TRACEABLE TO COMMERCIAL
FISHING AND PREDATION BY LAMPREY. LAKES MICHIGAN AND HURON HAVE
UNDERGONE CHANGES INVOLVING DISSOLVED OXYGEN, T.OTAL DISSOLVED- SOLIDS
AND BIOTA WHICH INDICATE INCREASING EUTROPHY, ESPECIALLY IN GREEN AND
SAGINAW BAYS. LAKE ERIE HAS SHOWN MAJOR CHANGES IN LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS
AND BIOTA; EFFECTS OF INCREASED POLLUTION AND EUTROPHICATION OF ERIE
HAVE SPREAD TO LAKE ONTARIO. THE MOST IMPORTANT CHANGES APPARENTLY ARE
THOSE OCCURRING IN SEDIMENTS OWING TO THE CONTRIBUTION OF LARGE
QUANTITIES OF ALLOCHTHONOUS MATERIALS RESULTING FROM URBANIZATION AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION. CHANGES IN SEDIMENTS ARE IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE
OBSERVED CHANGES IN LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AND FISH POPULATIONS.
ABATEMENT OF PRESENT CONDITIONS IN LAKE ERIE IS THEORETICALLY POSSIBLE.
(SEE ALSO W70-03975). (VOIGTLANDER-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-07269
114
-------
EFFECTS OF LAMPREY LARVICIDES ON INVERTEBRATES IN STREAMSf
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIESf MARQUETTEt MICH. FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL STATION,
RICHARD L. TORBLAA.
U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICEt SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES NO. 572,
AUGUST, 1968. 13 P, 11 TAB, 2 FIG, 11 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE MICHIGAN, BENTHIC FAUNA, AQUATIC
ANIMALS, *AQUATIC POPULATIONS, *LARVICIDES,~*LAMPREYS, ON-SITE DATA
COLLECTIONS, *INVERTEBRATES, *AQUATIC INSECTS, RESISTANCE MORTALITY.
IDENTIFIERS:
PETROMYZON MARINUS, *TFM, *BAY LUSCIDE, *RECOVERY, *PQPULATION CHANGES.
ABSTRACT:
THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED ON FIVE STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR AND
FOUR TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. SAMPLES OF THE BOTTOM FAUNA BEFORE AND
AFTER CHEMICAL TREATMENT REVEALED THAT MOST GROUPS OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
WERE NOT ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY EXPOSURE TO THE LAMPREY LARVICIDES TFM
AND BAY LUSCIDE. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INVERTEBRATES WAS SMALLER 1 WEEK
AFTER TREATMENT THAN BEFORE TREATMENT, INCREASED SOMEWHAT BY 6 WEEKS
AFTER TREATMENT, AND HAD RETURNED TO PRETREATMENT LEVELS 1 YEAR AFTER
TREATMENT. AQUATIC INSECTS WERE AFFECTED LESS THAN OTHER ORGANISMS, AND
INVERTEBRATES WERE MORE SEVERELY AFFECTED AND RECOVERED MORE SLOWLY IN
AREAS OF SAND AND DETRITUS THAN IN RIFFLE AREAS. (SJOLSETH AND
KATZ-WASHINGTON)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-07407
115
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SOME LONG-TERM TRENDS IN WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS AND LAKES,
ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY, URBANA.
WILLIAM C. ACKERMANN, ROBERT H. HARMESON, AND ROBERT A. SINCLAIR.
TRANSACTIONSt AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION, VOL. 51, NO. 6, P 516-522, JUNE
1970. 6 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *STANDARDS, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, SULFATES, ALKALINITY,
CHLORIDES, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, NITRATES, LAKE'MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI
RIVER, OHIO RIVER.
IDENTIFIERS:
*METROPOLITAN AREAS, ILLINOIS RIVER.
ABSTRACT:
LONG TERM TRENDS OF WATER QUALITY HAVE BEEN EXAMINED ON REASONABLY
CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS OF CONSERVATIVE WATER QUALITY ELEMENTS ON FOUR
AREAS OF SIGNIFICANT SIZE. OF PARTICULAR INTEREST WERE LARGE AREAS THAT
REFLECTED MAJOR POPULATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES, AND
LOCATIONS WHERE THE WATER QUALITY, IN TURN, WAS OF IMPORTANCE TO A
LARGE NUMBER OF PRESENT AND FUTURE USERS. THE FOUR AREAS STUDIED WERE:
THE SOUTHWEST SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN; THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ALTON,
ILLINOIS; THE ILLINOIS RIVER AT PEORIA, ILLINOIS, AND THE OHIO RIVER AT
CAIRO, ILLINOIS. FIVE PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY WERE EXAMINED:
CHLORIDES, SULFATES, NITRATES, TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, AND ALKALINITY.
IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT IN RECENT YEARS ACCELERATED POLLUTION ABATEMENT
EFFORTS FOR THE PARAMETERS AND AREAS STUDIED DO NOT APPEAR TO HAVE
REVERSED THE TREND OF INCREASING WASTE BURDENS,. MUCH LESS RETURNED US
TO THE LEVELS OF SEVENTY OR MORE YEARS AGO. ONE'S DEGREE OF CONCERN
ABOUT THIS DEPENDS UPON CRITERIA OR BENCHMARKS; BUT ONE STATEMENT CAN
BE MADE WITH SOME CONFIDENCE: WE HAVE NOT YET OVERCOMPENSATED.
(DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-07983
116
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NUCLEAR POWER AND THERMAL POLLUTION: ZION, ILLINOIS,
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB.t ILL. RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS DIV.
PHIL IP F. GUSTAFSON.
BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTSt VOL 26, NO 3, P 17-23, MARCH 1970. 5 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*THERMAL POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE WASTES, *NUCLEAR WASTES, WATER LAW,
*POWERPLANTS, AQUATIC PLANTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, HEAT TRANSFER, SEASONAL,
*WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
MAXIMUM POSSIBLE CONCENTRATION.
ABSTRACT:
IN THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA, THE COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY IS
BUILDING NEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS TO PROVIDE BADLY NEEDED ADDITIONAL
GENERATING CAPACITY. FEAR OF RADIOACTIVE DISCHARGES AND THERMAL
POLLUTION HAS PROVOKED TWO LAWSUITS SEEKING INJUNCTIONS TO RESTRAIN THE
UTILITY FROM DISCHARGING HEATED, EFFLUENT WATER AND RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL FROM A 2,200,000 KILOWATT, TWO UNIT NUCLEAR POWER PLANT AT
ZION, ILLINOIS INTO LAKE MICHIGAN. ONE OF THE SAWSUITS HAS BEEN BROUGHT
BY THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO. IT ASSERTS
THAT CONDENSER-HEATED LAKE WATER WILL 'RADICALLY RAISE THE TEMPERATURE
OF SUBSTANTIAL PARTS OF THE WATERS OF THE LAKE AND CAUSE THERKAL
POLLUTION, SEVERELY AND DELETERIOUSLY AFFECTING THE ECOLOGY OF THE
LAKE.' A SECOND SUIT CONTENDS THAT THREE BILLION GALLONS OF LAKE WATER
A DAY WOULD BE HEATED 18 TO 20 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ABOVE AMBIENT LAKE
TEMPERATURE. ITS DISCHARGE BACK INTO THE LAKE W.OULD INCREASE THE
TOXICITY OF EXISTING POLLUTANTS, STIMULATE THE GROWTH OF AQUATIC PLANT
NUISANCES AND SPEED UP THE DETERIORATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN. THE SUITS
CITE THE THREAT OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTANTS IN THE LAKE, THE PRINCIPAL
SOURCE OF DOMESTIC WATER IN A REGION OF EIGHT MILLION PEOPLE. THE
AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE AMOUNT OF NUCLEAR POWER TO BE INSTALLED BY
1975 GIVES NO CAUSE FOR CONCERN ABOUT THERMAL OR RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION.
FURTHER WORK IS NEEDED TO ASCERTAIN EFFECTS OF CONTINUED INSTALLATION
OF POWER PLANTS ALONG LAKE MICHIGAN. (OSBORNE-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05C, 08C
ACCESSION NO. W70-08130
117
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LAKE MICHIGAN WATER QUALITY AS RELATED TO CHICAGO'S WATER TREATMENT PLANTS.
DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND SEWERS, CHICAGO, ILL.
JAMES C. VAUGHN.
A REPORT PRESENTED AT THE FWPCA FOUR-STATE CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF LAKE
MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, MILWAUKEE, MARCH 31, 1970. CITY OF
CHICAGO DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND SEWERS, MARCH 31, 1970. 40 P, 16 FIG, 11
TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER QUALITY, *WATER WORKS, *WATER TREATMENT, *WATER
SUPPLY, *WATER QUALITY CONTROL, *LAKE MORPHOLOGY, *WATER POLLUTION,
^LIMNOLOGY, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, LAKE BASINS,
ODOR, CHLORIDES, SULFATES, PHOSPHORUS, COLIFORMS, NITROGEN, PLANKTON,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, MONITORING.
IDENTIFIERS:
^CHICAGO, SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN, CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF LAKE
MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN.
'ABSTRACT:
THIS REPORT IS THE THIRD PRESENTED AT SESSIONS OF THE FOUR-STATE
CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN. IT
DESCRIBES THE WATER QUALITY OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND SOME OF ITS
TRIBUTARIES, INCLUDING THE INDIANA HARBOR SHIP CANAL AND THE CALUMET,
GRAND CALUMET AMD LITTLE CALUMET RIVERS. THE REPORT FOCUSES ON THE
WATER QUALITY OF LAKE MICHIGAN IN THE VICINITY OF THE SOUTH WATER
FILTRATION PLANT, ONE OF CHICAGO'S TWO FILTRATION PLANTS. ON THE BASIS
OF CONTINUING WATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM INVOLVING STUDIES OF
24 QUALITY PARAMETERS, THE CITY REPORTED THAT THE WATER QUALITY OF LAKE
MICHIGAN AT THE SOUTH PLANT SHOWED A MARKED IMPROVEMENT IN 1969, EXCEPT
FOR PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN AND THRESHOLD ODOR VALUES. BACTERIOLOGICAL
QUALITY IMPROVED AND PLANKTON COUNTS WERE LOWER; HOWEVER,
CONCENTRATIONS OF INORGANICS INCREASED. COSTS OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS AT
THE SOUTH PLANT ARE TABULATED. THE REPORT ALSO INCLUDES COMPARISONS OF
1968 AND 1969 WATER QUALITY DATA FOR THE WEST SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN
NEAR THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE CITY. A MARKED DECLINE IN QUALITY, AS
MEASURED BY PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, AND TOTAL COLIFORM, WAS EVIDENCED. IT
IS RECOMMENDED THAT IMMEDIATE AND DRASTIC ACTION BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE
THE QUALITY OF DISCHARGES TO LAKE MICHIGAN ALONG THE NORTH SHORE.
(POERTNER)
FIELD 05A, 05D
ACCESSION NO. W70-08433
118
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COHO SALMON MORTALITY AND DDT IN LAKE MICHIGANf
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV., EAST LANSING. DEPT. OF FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE.
HOWARD E. JOHNSON, AND CHARLES PECOR.
THIRTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE CONFERENCE TRANSACTIONS, P 159-166,
1969. 2 TAB, 19 REF. FWPCA TRAINING GRANT 5T1-WP-109.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DDT, CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES, PESTICIDE TOXICITY, PESTICIDE
RESIDUES, *MORTALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, EGGS, 'LAKE SUPERIOR.
IDENTIFIERS:
*COHO SALMON, ODD, DDE, *FRY MORTALITY.
ABSTRACT:
INVESTIGATIONS WERE INITIATED IN 1967 TO IDENTIFY AND QUANTITY
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN COHO SALMON EGGS IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND TO
DETERMINE THEIR EFFECTS ON THE HATCHING FRY. DDT CONCENTRATIONS IN LAKE
MICHIGAN COHO SALMON EGGS WERE THREE TO FIVE TIMES HIGHER THAN IN THOSE
FROM LAKE SUPERIOR AND APPROXIMATELY 60 TIMES HIGHER THAN IN EGGS FROM
' ORE.GON. A MORTALITY SYNDROME, CHARACTERIZED BY AN ABRUPT APPEARANCE OF
SYMPTOMS DURING THE LAST STAGE OF YOLK SAC ABSORPTION, WAS OBSERVED IN
ALL GROUPS FROM LAKE MICHIGAN. NO EVIDENCE OF THE SYMPTOMS WAS OBSERVED
IN LAKE SUPERIOR AND OREGON GROUPS. HIGHER RESIDUES IN THE EGGS OF LAKE
MICHIGAN SALMON WERE, IN GENERAL, ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER MORTALITIES OF
THE FRY. DDT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE LAST FRACTIONS OF YOLK PRESENT IN
THE GUT WHEN SYMPTOMS FIRST APPEARED WERE 6 TO 12 TIMES HIGHER THAN IN
THE BODY TISSUES. THE ABSORPTION OF RELATIVELY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF
DDT FROM THE GUT IS SUGGESTED AS AN EXPLANATION.FOR THE MORTALITY OF
THE COHO SALMON FRY. (SJOLSETH-WASHINGTON)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-08647
119
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MODELING AND PREDICTING HUMAN RESPONSE TO THE VISUAL RECREATION ENVIRONMENT,
NORTHWESTERN UNIV., EVANSTON, ILL., AND CORPS OF ENGINEERS, WASHINGTON, D.C.
GEORGE L. PETERSON, AND EDWARD S. NEUMANN.
JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH, VOL 1, NO 3, P 219-237, SUMMER 1969. 5 FIG, 4
TAB, 5 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*FORECASTING, ^PREFERENCES, SWIMMING, MODEL STUDIES, STATISTICAL
METHODS, LAKE MICHIGAN, PHOTOGRAPHY, BEACHES, RECREATION, RECREATION
FACILITIES, PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS, ESTIMATING.
IDENTIFIERS:
^MODELING, *HUMAN RESPONSE, NATURAL BEACHES, CROWDING, CITY SWIMMING
BEACHES, SUBJECTIVE RESPONSES, RECREATION ENVIRONMENT, FACTOR ANALYSIS.
ABSTRACT:
THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO DEVELOP AND APPLY A CONCEPTUAL AND
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR ANALYZING SUBJECTIVE RESPONSE TO THE
APPEARANCE OF THE RECREATION ENVIRONMENT. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
EMPLOYS A MATHEMATICAL PREFERENCE MODEL TO HYPOTHESIZE AND QUANTIFY A
MAN-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP. TO OBTAIN DATA FOR THE MODEL, RECREATION
ENVIRONMENTS WERE SUMULATED BY PHOTOS AND RESPONSES CLASSIFIED BY
TECHNIQUES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT. THE PREFERENCE FUNCTIONS
SHOULD BE SENSITIVE TO DIFFERENCES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF ALTERNATIVE
ENVIRONMENTS AS WELL AS TO DIFFERENCES IN PEOPLE'S RESPONSES TO THE
SAME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. IT IS HYPOTHESIZED THAT SUCH RESPONSES
ARE INFLUENCED BY MEASURABLE FACTORS SUCH AS LIFE STYLE, SOCIAL RANK,
CULTURE RANK, CULTURE, AND PERSONALITY. THE MODEL IS DEMONSTRATED USING
LAKE MICHIGAN BEACHES. RESULTS SHOW THAT TWO GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT
PREFERENCES ARE IDENTIFIABLE. THE LARGER GROUP PREFERS SCENIC NATURAL
BEACHES AND THE SMALLER PREFERS CITY SWIMMING BEACHES. THE STUDY SHOWS
CONFLICTING USER PREFERENCES FOR THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEACHES.
STUDIES OF THIS NATURE WOULD BE HELPFUL TO THE WATER PLANNER IN
DETERMINING THE TYPES OF RECREATION FACILITIES THAT SHOULD BE PROVIDED.
(LOEB-RUTGERS)
FIELD 06A
ACCESSION NO. W70-08709
120
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THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RATE OF DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF ALEWIFE
EGGS AND LARVAEt
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIESt ANN ARBORt MICH. GREAT LAKES FISHERY LAB.
THOMAS A. EDSALL.
TRANS AM'ER FISH SOCt VOL 99, NO 2, P 376-380, 1970. 12 REF, 4 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER TEMPERATURE, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, MORTALITY,
FISHKILL, FISH EGGS, *HATCHING, *VIABILITY, -1NCUBATION, LARVAL GROWTH
STAGE.
IDENTIFIERS:
*ALEWIVES, WATER TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT RATE, SURVIVAL, *EGG
MORTALITY, *HATCHING SUCCESS, *INCUBATION TIME.
ABSTRACT:
EGGS FROM LAKE MICHIGAN ALEWIVES (ALOSA PSEUDOHARENGUS) WERE INCUBATED
AT 79 DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES FROM 42.1 TO 87.0 F. HATCHING OCCURRED AT
44.484.9 F AND WAS OPTIMUM (38% HATCHED) AT ABOUT 64 F. INCUBATION
' TIME VARIED FROM 15 DAYS AT 45 F TO 3.7 DAYS AT 70 F AND 2.1 DAYS AT 84
F. TIWE FROM START TO FINISH OF HATCHING RANGED FROM 13 DAYS AT ABOUT
46 F TO 2-3 DAYS AT 68-70 F AND 1-2 DAYS AT 80-84 F. SURVIVAL OF UNFED
LARVAE HELD AT INCUBATION TEMPERATURES INCREASED FROM 3.8 DAYS AT 51 F
TO 7.6 DAYS AT 58-59 F AND THEN DECREASED TO 2.4 DAYS AT 80-82 F.
(SJOLSETH-WASHINGTON)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-08922
121
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LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN STUDY: MICHIGAN SECTION.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF MICHIGAN, DETROIT. «
AVAILABLE FROM THE LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF MICHIGAN, 4612 WOODWARD AVE,
ROOM 317, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, 48201. PRICE-30 CENTS. LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS
OF MICHIGAN, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JANUARY 1968. 36 P, 1 DWG, 17 REF,'
(MIMEOGRAPHED).
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *MICHIGAN, *ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, *HYDROLOGY,
*GEOLOGY, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, *WATER SUPPLY, *POLLUTION
ABATEMENT, *FLOOD CONTROL, *R IRRIGATION, *NAVIGATION, *WATERSHED
PROTECT. AND FLOOD PREV. ACT, *RECREATION, *FISH, *WILDLIFE.
IDENTIFIERS:
*WESTERN MICHIGAN LAKE SHORELINE, *UPPER PENINSULA-EASTERN AREA, *LOWER
PENINSULA-NORTHWESTERN AREA, ACT 253.
ABSTRACT:
THE MICHIGAN SECTION OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN IS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER-RELATED ACTIVITIES. GEOLOGICAL AND
HYD.ROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ARE REVIEWED INCLUDING INFORMATION REGARDING
LAKE CURRENT, LAKE LEVELS, WATER QUALITY, TRIBUTARY STREAMS IN MICHIGAN
AND AQUATIC LIFE. IN L960 THERE WERE MORE THAN 2.5 MILLION PEOPLE IN
THIS SECTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN. THE ECONOMY OF THE BASIN IS CONSIDERED
IN THREE AREAS: WESTERN MICHIGAN LAKE SHORELINE, UPPER
PENINSULA-EASTERN AREA, AND LOWER PENINSULA-NORTHWESTERN AREA.
AGRICULTURE, AND TO A LESSENING DEGREE LOGGING, HAVE DOMINATED THE
BASIN AS A WHOLE; THE USE OF LAKE MICHIGAN WATER FOR IRRIGATION HAS
BEEN OF LITTLE SIGNIFICANCE. WATER SUPPLY FOR APPROXIMATELY 650,000
COMES FROM LAKE MICHIGAN. PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY ARE LISTED
AS ARE STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES WITH RESPONSIBILITIES IN THIS
CONNECTION; IT IS CONCLUDED THAT GROUNDWATER IS BEING DEPLETED FASTER
THAN IT IS BEING REPLENISHED. A VARIETY OF POLLUTION SOURCES AND
EFFORTS AT ABATEMENT ARE REVIEWED. INCLUDED IS DISCUSSION OF SANITARY
DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, LARGE AND SMALL CRAFT, AND
APPROPRIATIONS. MAGNITUDE OF FLOODING AND PROJECTS AND AGENCIES DEALING
WITH IT ARE LISTED; THE SAME is DONE FOR IRRIGATION. POWER GENERATION
USING HYDROELECTRIC COAL-FIRED, AND EVENTUALLY NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATION
SYSTEMS IS DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO ITS EFFECT ON WATER. COMMERCIAL
NAVIGATION HAS BEEN AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE OF GREAT SIGNIFICANCE TO
THE AREA; DISCUSSION OF EIGHT HARBORS IS GIVEN. WATERSHED PROJECTS
STEMMING FROM ACT 253 AND PL 566 ARE INDICATED. FINALLY LISTED ARE
FACILITIES AND AVAILABLE RESOURCES FOR BOATING, CAMPING, FISHING AND
HUNTING. (PRECKWINKLE-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-09622
122
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LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN STUDY-ILLINOIS SECTION.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERSf DETROITt MICH.. LAKE MICHIGAN INTER-LEAGUE GROUP.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS, CHICAGO, 1968. 31 P. (MIMEOGRAPHED).
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, ^ILLINOIS, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, *WATER
UTILIZATION, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *ADMINISTRATION, *GEOLOGY, *FLOOD
CONTROL, *RECREATION, *NAVIGATION, *IRRIGATION, *WATERSHED MANAGEMENT,
ELECTRIC POWER.
IDENTIFIERS:
^CHICAGO, GEOGRAPHY, ILLINOIS SANITARY WATER BOARD, CHICAGO WATER
BOARD, METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT, NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS PLANNING
COMMISSION, NORTH SHORE SANITARY DISTRICT, LAKE DIVERSION.
ABSTRACT:
THE ILLINOIS SECTION OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN IS DESCRIBED WITH
SUMMARIES OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA.
EFFORTS AT POLLUTION ABATEMENT, FLOOD CONTROL, IRRIGATION AND WATER USE
IN POWER GENERATION AND RECREATION ARE DISCUSSED, AND FINALLY OUTLINE
OF .ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION, NAVIGATION, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, AND
INTERNATIONAL AND INTERSTATE COMMISSIONS IS MADE. THE CHICAGO AREA'S
EFFECT IS EMPHASIZED BECAUSE OF ITS GREAT POPULATION CONCENTRATION AND
THE PROBLEMS WHICH ARISE WITH REGARD TO WATER SUPPLY, TRANSPORTATION,
AND WASTE DISPOSAL. LIMITATIONS ON LAKE DIVERSION SERVE AS AN EXAMPLE
HERE. INDICATED AS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT ARE THE SANITARY WATER BOARD,
THE CHICAGO WATER BOARD AND THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT ALONG
WITH AN ADVISORY AGENCY, THE NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS PLANNING COMMISSION.
A STUDY OF WATER SUPPLY NEEDS PUBLISHED BY THIS. LATTER AGENCY IS
REVIEWED WITH PROJECTIONS FOR EACH OF THE SIX COUNTIES INCLUDED.
POLLUTION ABATEMENT EFFORTS DIRECTED TOWARD THE NORTH SHORE SANITARY
DISTRICT AND INDUSTRIAL POLLUTERS ARE DISCUSSED AS ARE THE EFFORTS OF A
NUMBER OF FEDERAL AND INTERSTATE AGENCIES AND STATE AGENCIES. THE
MAGNITUDE OF THE FLOODING PROBLEM IS DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE
ESPECIALLY TO SEWER OVERFLOW. WITH REGARD TO RECREATION, FEDERAL
AGENCIES' RESPONSIBILITIES ARE SUMMARIZED. BECAUSE OF THE NUMEROUS
LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND STATE AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH WATER RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT, AN EFFORT IS ALSO MADE TO SUMMARIZE THEIR
RESPONSIBILITIES. NAVIGATION IS REVIEWED IN TERMS OF FACILITIES AND
POLLUTION PROBLEMS. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS ARE INDICATED AND
PRACTICES AND PROGRAMS TO DEAL WITH THEM MENTIONED. FINALLY DESCRIBED
ARE FIVE COMMISSIONS DEALING WITH INTERSTATE AND INTERNATIONAL
CONCERNS. PRECKWINKLE-CHICAGO
FIELD 06B, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-09623
123
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LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN STUDY: WISCONSIN SECTION.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERSt DETROIT, MICH. LAKE MICHIGAN INTER-LEAGUE GROUP.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS, WISCONSIN, 1968. 10 P, 11 REF. (MIMEOGRAPHED).
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN, GEOLOGY, POPULATION, WATER RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, WATER SUPPLY POLLUTION ABATEMENT, FLOOD
CONTROL, ELECTRIC POWER, IRRIGATION, NAVIGATION, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT,
INDUSTRIAL WASTES, SEWAGE TREATMENT, PULP WASTES, FISHING, WILDLIFE.
IDENTIFIERS:
"NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN, SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN, MILWAUKEE, GREEN BAY.
ABSTRACT:
THE WISCONSIN SECTION OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN IS DESCRIBED WITH
BRIEF SUMMARIES OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, POPULATION
CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER RELATED ACTIVITIES
AND CHARACTERISTICS. INCLUDED ARE DESCRIPTIONS OF WATER SUPPLY,
POLLUTION ABATEMENT, FLOOD CONTROL, POWER GENERATION, IRRIGATION,
NAVIGATION, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, RECREATION, FISH AND WILDLIFE.
BECAUSE OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES THE NORTHEASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN
SECTIONS OF WISCONSIN ARE CONSIDERED SEPARATELY. THE NORTHEASTERN
SECTION CENTERS AROUND GREEN BAY. POPULATION IN THIS SECTION IS
EXPECTED BY 2020 TO NEARLY DOUBLE THE 1960 LEVEL OF 778,000. PRINCIPAL
OCCUPATIONS ARE LISTED AND BECAUSE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF LUMBER THE
WASTE LOAD FROM PULP AND PAPER IS AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO
POLLUTION. THE SOUTHEASTERN SECTION HAS A POPULATION OF 1,674,000 AND
WITH A 59.9 INCREASE EXPECTED BETWEEN 1963 AND 1990 IT IS ONE OF THE
NATION'S FASTEST GROWING LARGE METROPOLITAN REGIONS. SIX MAJOR AND FIVE
MINOR WATERSHEDS ARE LISTED WITH GROUNDWATER AS CONTRIBUTING TO THE
WATER SUPPLY. IN MUCH OF THE REGION, FLOODING IS A RECURRING PROBLEM
AND WITH CONTINUED URBANIZATION THIS IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE.
APPROXIMATELY 59 OF URBAN DEVELOPED AREA IS SERVED BY FACILITIES FROM
LAKE MICHIGAN. COMMERCIAL SHIPPING, CONFINED TO THE MILWAUKEE HARBOR
AREA, IS DESCRIBED AS ARE RECREATIONAL AREAS. STATE CONTROL OF WATER
RESOURCES BROUGHT ABOUT BY 1966 LEGISLATION IS DISCUSSED. FINALLY, THE
WORK OF SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL PLANNING IS REVIEWED. INCLUDED IS A
STATEMENT FROM THE AGENCY PINPOINTING MUNICIPAL SEWAGE PLANTS AS THE
MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES OF POLLUTION IN THE REGION. (PRECKWINKLE-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-09624
124
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LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN STUDY: INDIANA SECTION-1.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS. DETROIT. MICH. LAKE MICHIGAN INTER-LEAGUE GROUP.
LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS, INDIANA, 1968. 9 P, 1 MAP, 5 REF. (MIMEOGRAPHED).
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *INDIANA, *GEOLOGY, *POPULATION, *WATER RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT, *WATER SUPPLY, ^POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *ELECTRIC POWER,
NAVIGATION, ADMINISTRATION, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, RECREATION, FLOOD
CONTROL, IRRIGATION, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, SEWAGE TREATMENT.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN, *ST. JOSEPH RIVER BASIN, BURNS DITCH, INDIANA
DUNES.
ABSTRACT:
THE INDIANA SECTION OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN IS DESCRIBED WITH
SUMMARIES OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, POPULATION, AND ECONOMY. GROUPS
ACTIVE IN WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ARE LISTED AND DISCUSSION GIVEN
TO WATER SUPPLY, POLLUTION PROBLEMS, FLOODING, IRRIGATION, POWER
GENERATION, NAVIGATION, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, AND RECREATION. IN
' ADDITION TO THE LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN, THE ST. JOSEPH RIVER BASIN IS
INCLUDED BECAUSE OF ITS INDIRECT CONCERN WITH THE LAKE. THE LAKE
MICHIGAN BASIN IS OF GLACIAL COMPOSITION WITH NORTHERLY DRAINAGE AND
TOPOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS PRODUCING CREEKS AND SMALL RIVERS. A NUMBER OF
THESE ARE DESCRIBED ALONG WITH BURNS DITCH CONSTRUCTION. GREATEST
POPULATION IS IN NORTHERN LAKE COUNTY WITH PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
EMPLOYING 61.9S OF THE REGIONS INDUSTRIAL WORKERS. WATER SUPPLY IS
JUDGED TO BE ADEQUATE FOR SOME TIME WITH OPEN WATER OF LAKE MICHIGAN OF
EXCELLENT QUALITY. INDUSTRIAL WASTES, MUNICIPAL.SEWAGE AND COMBINED
SEWER OVERFLOWS ARE PRINCIPAL POLLUTION SOURCES; THE QUALITY OF MAJOR
LAKES, HARBORS, AND RIVERS IN THE REGION IS REVIEWED. FLOODING IS OF
LIMITED IMPORTANCE AND IRRIGATION EVEN LESS. STEAM GENERATION AND THE
POSSIBILITY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO WATER AS IS
NAVIGATION ESPECIALLY WITH LARGE INDUSTRY
PLANS ARE REVIEWED WITH THE INDIANA DUNES
ALTHOUGH LESS DENSE, THE ST. JOSEPH RIVER
ALMOST TWO THIRDS AS POPULOUS AS THE LAKE
LAKES, RIVERS AND WATER AT SHALLOW DEPTHS
PLANS, CRITERIA AND STANDARDS REGARDING SEWAGE TREATMENT ARE REVIEWED;
ANALYSES HAVE INDICATED POOR RIVER CONDITIONS AT TIMES. ALTHOUGH THERE
ARE SEVERAL DAMS IN THE REGION, MOST POWER IS FROM FOSSIL FUEL WITH
STEAM GENERATION. (PRECKWINKLE-CHICAGO>
FIELD 06B, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W70-09625
WATERSHED AND RECREATION
ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT.
WITH 408,130 IN 1960 WAS
MICHIGAN BASIN. WITH NUMEROUS
WATER SUPPLY IS NO PROBLEM.
125
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THE IMPACT OF THE DEEP TUNNEL PLAN ON THE WATER RESOURCES OF NORTHEAST ILLINOIS,
HAR2A ENGINEERING CO., CHICAGO, ILL.; AND BAUER ENGINEERING, INC., CHICAGO,
ILL.
REPORT TO METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO, CHICAGO,
ILLINOIS, FEBRUARY 1969. 49 P, 13 FIG, 3 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*TUNNELS, ""UNDERFLOW, *BENEFICIAL USE, ^UNDERGROUND STORAGE, ^DRAINAGE
PROGRAMS, *DRAINAGE EFFECTS, *DRAINAGE ENGINEERING, *STORM RUNOFF,
*SURFACE RUNOFF, DURBANIZATION, *WATER CONSERVATION, *FLOOD CONTROL,
*WATER SUPPLY, *WATER TABLE, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, *WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWERS, *RESOURCE ALLOCATION,
*GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, NAVIGATION, DEEP WELLS, WATER
ALLOCATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*CHICAGO, ^METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO, *COMBINED
SEWER OVERFLOWS.
ABSTRACT:
THE ANTICIPATED CONSEQUENCES ARE DESCRIBED OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
PROPOSED INNOVATIVE PLAN FOR ELIMINATING FLOODING AND REDUCING
POLLUTION OF WATERWAYS FROM COMBINED SEWER -OVERFLOWS IN THE SERVICE
AREA OF THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO. THE PLAN
PROPOSES THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE VERTICAL SHAFTS, AND EXCAVATION OF
TUNNELS AND STORAGE AREAS IN SOLID ROCK DEEP BENEATH THE GROUND SURFACE
FOR TEMPORARY STORAGE OF STORMWATER RUNOFF WHICH PRESENTLY FLOODS
BASEMENTS AND STREETS WHEN SEWER CAPACITIES ARE EXCEEDED. UPON
CESSATION OF A STORM THE STORED WATER WOULD BE .PUMPED TO THE GROUND
SURFACE AND THEN TO ONE OF THE DISTRICT'S WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
FOR TERTIARY TREATMENT. THE CAPTURE OF THIS RUNOFF WOULD MAKE AVAILABLE
FOR BENEFICIAL USES AN ESTIMATED 260 CFS OF WATER. IN ADDITION,
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN SHOULD MAKE POSSIBLE A 230 CFS REDUCTION IN
THE 945 CFS PRESENTLY DIVERTED FROM LAKE MICHIGAN FOR MAINTENANCE OF
SANITARY CONDITIONS IN THE AREA'S WATERWAYS. THESE SAVINGS WOULD
INCREASE THE AVAILABLE WATER SUPPLY BY 490 CFS. THIS IS ONE-HALF OF THE
FORECASTED ADDITIONAL WATER SUPPLY THAT WILL BE REQUIRED BY THE YEAR
2000. OTHER BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ARE DISCUSSED INCLUDING: IMPROVEMENTS IN
NAVIGATION ON THE ILLINOIS WATERWAY, ELIMINATION OF STREAM POLLUTION
FROM COMBINED-SEWER OVERFLOWS, AND RECHARGE OF THE AREA GROUNDWATER
SUPPLY. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE PLAN ARE DISCUSSED, AND AN s
EVALUATION OF THE PLAN BY THE ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY IS INCLUDED.
(POERTNER)
FIELD 05G, 04A, 08A
ACCESSION NO. W70-09798
126
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POLLUTION AND FLOOD CONTROL, A PROGRAM FOR CHICAGOLAND.
HARZA ENGINEERING CO., CHICAGO, ILL.; AND BAUER ENGINEERING, INC., CHICAGO,
ILL.
REPORT TO METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO, CHICAGO,
ILLINOIS, FEBRUARY 1968. 39 P, 7 FIG, 2 TAB, 5 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DRAINAGE PROGRAMS, ^DRAINAGE ENGINEERING, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
*FLOOD CONTROL, *TUNNELS, UNDERFLOW, *STORM RUNOFF, *SURFACE RUNOFF,
*URBANIZATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, *UNDERGROUND STORAGE,
*RIVER REGULATION, *SEWERS, CONSTRUCTION COSTS, WASTE WATER, WATER
CONVEYANCE, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, WATER POLLUTION TREATMENT,
HYDROELECTRIC POWER.
IDENTIFIERS:
*COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS, *CHICAGO, *METROPOLITAN SANITARY DISTRICT OF
GREATER CHICAGO.
ABSTRACT:
A GENERAL DESCRIPTION IS PRESENTED OF AN INNOVATIVE PROGRAM FOR CONTROL
' OF WATER POLLUTION AND FLOODING IN THE SERVICE AREA OF THE METROPOLITAN
SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO. THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE
OBJECTIVES, FUNCTIONS, OPERATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED
SYSTEM, CONSTRUCTION TIME SCHEDULES, AND ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COSTS.
THE PLANS PROVIDE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF VERTICAL SHAFTS TO CONVEY
OVERFLOWS, FROM EACH OF THE 400 OVERFLOW POINTS OF THE EXISTING
COMBINED SEWERS, TO HIGH VELOCITY CONVEYANCE TUNNELS EXCAVATED IN ROCK
SEVERAL HUNDRED FEET .BENEATH THE GROUND SURFACE. THE OVERFLOWS WOULD BE
STORED TEMPORARILY IN A HUGE RESERVOIR TO BE EXCAVATED IN ROCK 850 FEET
BELOW LAKE CALUMET. UPON CESSATION OF OVERFLOW AND DURING OFF-PEAK
HOURS, THE STORED WATER WOULD BE PUMPED TO A SURFACE RESERVOIR AND THEN
TO A TREATMENT PLANT FOR TREATMENT PRIOR TO DISCHARGE TO THE WATERWAY.
THE $1,270,000,000 PROJECT IS PROPOSED TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN 5
CONSTRUCTION ZONES WITHIN A 300 SQUARE MILE AREA DURING A 10-YEAR
PERIOD. THE FIRST ZONE WOULD BE COMPLETED BY EARLY 1973 IF CONSTRUCTION
IS BEGUN IN EARLY 1970. HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION IS PROPOSED AS A
PART OF THE SYSTEM OPERATIN. COST COMPARISONS WITH THREE ALTERNATIVE
SOLUTIONS ARE GIVEN. THE ENGINEERS ESTIMATE THAT THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
CAN BE COMPLETED TO MEET WATER QUALITY STANDARDS OF THE STATE OF
ILLINOIS BY THE 1977 TIME LIMIT. (POERTNER)
FIELD 05G, 04A, 08A
ACCESSION NO. W70-09799
127
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CONCENTRATIONS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN GREAT LAKES FISHES,
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB., ILL.; AND BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, ANN ARBOR,
MICH. i
HENRY F. LUCAS, JR., DAVID N. EDGINGTON, AND PETER J. COLBY.
JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, VOL. 27: 677-684, 1970. 2 TAB, 12
REF. *>
DESCRIPTORS:
*TRACE ELEMENTS, HEAVY METALS, *GREAT LAKES,- LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE
SUPERIOR, LAKE ERIE, TOX1CITY,FISH TOXINS, PERCHES, ALEWIFE, COBALT,
CHROMIUM, COPPER, GOLD, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, NEUTRON ACTIVITIES
ANALYSIS, SHINERS.
IDENTIFIERS:
URANIUM, THORIUM, CADMIUM, ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, LANTHANUM, RHENIUM,
RUBIDIUM, SELENIUM, *TISSUE ANALYSES, BROMINE, FISH LIVERS.
ABSTRACT:
THE CONCENTRATION OF 15 TRACE ELEMENTS WAS DETERMINED BY ACTIVATION
ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES OF WHOLE FISH AND FISH LIVERS FROM THREE OF THE
GREAT LAKES; MICHIGAN, SUPERIOR, AND ERIE. THE AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS
OF 7 ELEMENTS IN 19 WHOLE FISH FROM 3 SPECIES WERE AS FOLLOWS: URANIUM,
3 PPB (PARTS PER BILLION); THORIUM, 6 PPB; COBALT, 28 PPB; CADMIUM, 94
PPB; ARSENIC, 16 PPB; CHROMIUM, 1 PPM; AND COPPER, 1.3 PPM. THE AVERAGE
CONCENTRATIONS OF 8 ELEMENTS IN 40 LIVER SAMPLES FROM 10 SPECIES OF
FISH WERE AS FOLLOWS: URANIUM, APPROXIMATELY 2 PPB; THORIUM, LESS THAN
OR EQUAL TO 2 PPB; COBALT, 40 PPB; COPPER, 9 PPM; ZINC, 30 PPM,
BROMINE, 0.4 PPM; ARSENIC, 30 PPB; AND CADMIUM,.0.4 PPM. OTHER ELEMENTS
OBSERVED IN MOST OF THE SAMPLES WERE: ANTIMONY, 5-100 PPB; GOLD, 2-5
PPB5 LANTHANUM, 1-20 PPB5 RHENIUM, 0.5-5 PPB; RUBIDIUM, 0.06-4 PPM; AND
SELENIUM, 0.1-2 .PPB.:TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS VARIED WITH SPECIES
AND LAKE. URANIUM AND THORIUM VARIED WITH SPECIES, BUT NOT FOR THE SAME
SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT LAKES. THE LEVELS OF COPPER, COBALT, ZINC, AND
BROMINE VARIED LITTLE BETWEEN SPECIES AND LAKES. THE CONCENTRATION OF
CADMIUM, ARSENIC, AND CHROMIUM VARIED BETWEEN SPECIES AND WITH SPECIES
BETWEEN LAKES. (SJOLSETH-WASHINGTON)
0
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W70-09972
128
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STRATIGRAPHY OF UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF LAKE MICHIGANt
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, URBANA.
J. A. LINEBACK, N. J. AYER, AND D. L. GROSS.
ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES, NOTE NO 35, AUGUST
1970. "35 P, 6 FIG, 15 REF, APPEND.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ILLINOIS, STRATIGRAPHY, GLACIAL
DRIFT, LAKES, SANDS, SILTS, CLAYS, MUD, BOTTOM SEDIMENTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS.
ABSTRACT:
UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS OF LATE PLEISTOCENE AGE IN SOUTHERN LAKE
MICHIGAN CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAJOR LITHOLOGIC UNITS. THE UPPER UNIT
IS DOMINANTLY LACUSTRINE CLAY OF HIGH WATER CONTENT THAT IS SOFT AND
VARIABLY FOSSILIFEROUS. THE LOWER UNIT CONSISTS OF COMPACT SANDY
SEDIMENTS OF GLACIAL ORIGIN. THE UPPER UNIT WAS DEPOSITED AFTER THE
DIRECT INFLUENCE OF THE LAST GLACIER WAS FELT IN SOUTHERN LAKE
MICHIGAN. UNDERLYING IS A SERIES OF GLACIAL-LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS,
INCLUDING SAND, SANDY PEBBLY CLAY, SILT, AND CLAY-PEBBLE CONGLOMERATE.
THEY SHOW THE DIRECT EFFECT OF NEARBY GLACIERS. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02J
ACCESSION NO. W70-10274
129
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LAKE MICHIGAN SHORE WATER QUALITY SURVEY 1969t REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE
76TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
ILLINOIS STATE SANITARY WATER BOARD, SPRINGFIELD.
ILLINOIS STATE SANITARY WATER BOARD, REPORT TO 76TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, MAY
1970, P 31. 3 TAB, 14 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, *BEACHES,
TURBIDITY, PHOSPHATES, BACTERIA, COLIFORMS, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
PLANKTON, EUTROPHICATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE COUNTY,
COOK COUNTY, CHICAGO.
ABSTRACT:
THE RESULTS OF SHORE WATER MONITORING SHOWED BACTERIA, TURBIDITY,
FLOATING DEBRIS,PHOSPHATES, AND AMMONIA NITROGEN COUNTS IN 1969
SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER THAN
INCREASE IN RAINFALL OVER
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY
WATER INTO LAKE MICHIGAN.
NUMEROUS AND WHERE SEWAGE
INSTEAD OF THE
TREATMENT: ALL
IN 1968. IT IS HYPOTHESIZED THAT A 50%
THE YE'AR CONTRIBUTED TO THIS RISE BY CAUSING
DISTRICT TO ALLOW BACKFLOW OF POLLUTED RIVER
ON THE NORTH SHORE, WHERE BEACH CLOSINGS WERE
TREATMENT PLANTS DISCHARGE INTO THE LAKE
RIVER WATERSHED, MANY PLANTS PROVIDE ONLY PRIMARY
ARE OPERATING IN EXCESS OF THEIR DESIGN CAPACITIES. THE
WILL
NORTH SHORE SANITARY DISTRICT IS CONSTRUCTING NEW FACILITIES WHICH
DISCHARGE A HIGH QUALITY EFFLUENT INTO THE ILLINOIS RIVER WATERSHED.
THE MSD IS DEVELOPING A PROGRAM TO RESOLVE ITS DRAINAGE PROBLEM. WHILE
ADEQUATE STANDARDS AND AUTHORITY TO CONTROL POLLUTIONAL DISCHARGES
EXISTS, NEW LEGISLATION IS NEEDED TO ASSIST IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
PLANS AND NEEDED POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES. PLANKTON COUNTS, AN
INDICATOR OF LAKE EUTROPHICATION, WERE LESS THAN HALF THE MAGNITUDE OF
THE 1968 AVERAGES. (WEXMAN-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05G
ACCESSION NO. W70-10360
130
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JANSKY V CITY OF TWO RIVERS (OWNERSHIP OF LAKE RELICTION).
278 NW 527-533 (WIS 1938).
DESCRIPTORS:
^WISCONSIN, *ACCRETION(LEGAL ASPECTSJf *BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), *CITIES,
LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKESt LAND TENUREt REAL PROPERTY, RIPARIAN WATERS,
Rl'PARIAN RIGHTS, PRESCRIPTIVE RIGHTS, RIPARIAN LAND, LEGAL ASPECTS,
JUDICIAL DECISIONS, HIGHWAYS, ROADS, BOUNDARY DISPUTES.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF RIPARIAN LANDOWNER BROUGHT ACTION'AGAINST DEFENDANT CITY AND
OTHER RIPARIAN OWNERS TO QUIET TITLE TO PROPERTY CREATED BY RELICTION.
PLAINTIFF OWNED TWO LOTS BORDERING UPON LAKE MICHIGAN; DEFENDANT CITY'S
STREET TERMINATED AT THE LAKE. THE LAKE HAD RECEDED 425 FEET FROM THE
ORIGINAL WATERLINE. PLAINTIFF CLAIMED OWNERSHIP OF THE RELICTION
BETWEEN HIS LOTS AND THE NEW WATERLINE. DEFENDANT CONTENDED THAT THE
RELICTION HAD BEEN USED DURING THE PRESCRIPTIVE PERIOD AS A PUBLIC
HIGHWAY, AND THEREFORE PLAINTIFF HAD NO RIPARIAN OWNERSHIP. EVIDENCE
SHOWED THAT THE STREET ENDED AT THE LAKE WITH A STONE WALL, BARRICADE,
AND DANGER SIGN; THE COURT HELD THIS EVIDENCE DISPROVED THE USE OF THE
RELICTION AS A PUBLIC HIGHWAY. FINDING THAT PLAINTIFF'S TITLE GAVE HIM
RIPARIAN OWNERSHIP, THE COURT APPORTIONED THE RELICTION BETWEEN THE
SEVERAL OWNERS, INCLUDING DEFENDANT CITY BY DRAWING A STRAIGHT LINE
PERPENDICULAR TO THE NEW SHORELINE FROM THE INTERSECTION OF THE
RIPARIAN OWNERS' DIVISION LINES AND THE OLD SHORELINE. (HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
I
ACCESSION NO. W70-10479
131
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WHITE V WELSH (AUGMENTATION OF UTILITY CAPACITY).
291 MICH 636f 289 NW 279-281 (1939).
DESCRIPTORS:
^MICHIGAN, -"LEGISLATION, *WATER SUPPLY, *WATER SOURCES, JUDICIAL
DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECTS, CITIES, PIPES, LAKES, INTER-BASIN TRANSFERS,
PIPELINES, WATER CONVEYANCE, WATER DELIVERY, PUBLIC UTILITIES,
FACILITIES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, ADMINISTRATION, CONDUITS, UTILITIES,
WATER WORKS, WATER DISTRI BUT ION
-------
EUTROPHIC EVALUATION OF A SMALL MULTI-LAND USE WATERSHED,
MAROUETTE UNIV., MILWAUKEE, WIS. DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.
ALPHONSE E. ZANONI.
AVAILABLE FROM NTIS AS PB-194 755, $3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.95 IN MICROFICHE.
RESEARCH PROJECT TECHNICAL COMPLETION REPORT, JUNE 30, 1970. 77 P. OWRR
PROJECT A-014-WIS11).
DESCRIPTORS:
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, *EUTROPHICATION, RUNOFF, FERTILIZER, STREAMS,
*WATERSHED, LAND-USE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WATER
POLLUTION SOURCES, ^PHOSPHATES, FARM WASTES.
IDENTIFIERS:
MENOMONEE RIVER, PHOSPHORUS LOADINGS CORRELATED TO PRECIPITATION.
ABSTRACT:
THE MENOMONEE RIVER WATERSHED IS A MULTI-LAND USE WATERSHED OF 135
SQUARE MILES AREA TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. APPROXIMATELY 370,000
PEOPLE RESIDE IN THE WATERSHED WHICH IS 3835 AGRICULTURAL, 23%
RESIDENTIAL AND THE REMAINDER DIVIDED AMONG THE OTHER LAND USE
CATEGORIES. FIFTEEN SAMPLING SITES WERE SELECTED TO EVALUATE THE
PHOSPHORUS. LOADING FROM THE WATERSHED DURING VARIOUS TIMES OF THE YEAR.
DURING THE TWO YEAR INVESTIGATION PERIOD, 30 SAMPLING SURVEYS WERE
CONDUCTED AND THE SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR TOTAL SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS. A
STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DATA SHOWED THAT THE PHOSPHATE
CONCENTRATION COULD NOT BE CORRELATED WITH PRECIPITATION AMOUNT,
WHEREAS, PHOSPHORUS POUND LOADING COULD. THE AMOUNT OF PHOSPHORUS
CONVEYED BY RUNOFF DURING PRECIPITATION PERIODS. VARIED CONSIDERABLY
DEPENDING UPON THE AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION; VARYING FROM NEGLIGIBLE
AMOUNTS DURING LOW PRECIPITATION PERIODS TO HIGH VALUE OF 83 POUNDS OF
PHOSPHATE PER DAY PER SQUARE MILE DURING HIGH PRECIPITATION PERIODS. IT
WAS ESTIMATED THAT 1250 POUNDS PER DAY OF PHOSPHATE ARE DISCHARGED INTO
LAKE MICHIGAN FROM THE MENOMONEE RIVER WATERSHED, OF WHICH 40? IS FROM
TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENTS.
FIELD 05C, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W71-00141
133
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CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN THE YOUND OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON,
BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, LACROSSE, WIS.
WAYNE A. WILLFORD, JOE B. SILLS, AND EVERETT W. WHEALDON.
THE PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTUR1ST, VOL. 31, NO. 4, P 220, OCTOBER 1969.
DESCRIPTORS:
*CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, *SALMON, *DDT, MORTALITY, *GREAT LAKES, LAKE
MICHIGAN, FISH EGGS, FRY, OREGON.
IDENTIFIERS:
*DIELDRIN, *COHO.
ABSTRACT:
ANALYSIS OF DEAD AND DRYING SACK FRY FROM LAKE MICHIGAN REVEALED 3.4
PPM OF DDT AND RELATED COMPOUNDS PLUS 0.07 PPM OF DIELDRIN, BASED ON
WHOLE BODY WEIGHT. FISH THAT SURVIVE HATCHING ARE NOT EXPOSED TO
CONTAMINATED WATER OR FEED EXCRETE VERY LITTLE OF THESE COMPOUNDS.
THEYDILUTE THEM BY GROWTH. LAKE MICHIGAN EGGS HAD 30S MORTALITY
COMPARED WITH OREGON COHO (4S) WHICH CONTAINED 0.18 PPM OF DDT AND
' RELATED COMPOUNDS AND NO DETECTABLE DIELDRIN. (WAHTOLA-WASHINGTON)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-01270
134
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DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC IN UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS FROM SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGANt
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYt URBANA.
R. R. RUCH, E. JOYCE KENNEDY, AND NEIL F. SHIMP.
STUDY NO 4 OF LAKE MICHIGAN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS STUDIES. ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTE 37, SEPTEMBER 1970. 16 P, 19 FIG, 2 TAR,
10 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, *SEOIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, SEDIMENT-WATER
INTERFACES, CORES, DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS, RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, GAMMA
RAYS, CARBON, ORGANIC MATTER, ALLUVIUM, CLAYS, MICHIGAN, ILLINOIS.
IDENTIFIERS:
CORE SAMPLES, GRAB SAMPLES, WAUKEGAN(ILL), BENTON HARBOR(M ICH).
ABSTRACT:
THIS IS THE FOURTH IN A SERIES OF REPORTS COVERING INVESTIGATIONS OF
THE GEOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS. MAJOR
CHEMICAL OBJECTIVES OF THESE INVESTIGATIONS ARE TO ASSEMBLE DATA ON THE
DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS AND TO
DETERMINE WHICH GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OPERATING DURING SEDIMENTATION
AFFECT THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE ELEMENTS. RADIOCHEMICAL SEPAR/TION
PROCEDURES WERE USED TO DETERMINE THE ARSENIC CONTENT OF 89 CORE AND
GRAB SAMPLES FROM SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN. ARSENIC WAS FOUND TO
ACCUMULATE WITHIN THE UPPER, OR MOST RECENTLY DEPOSITED, PORTION OF
MOST OF THESE SEDIMENTS IN CONCENTRATIONS RANGING FROM ABOUT 5 TO 30
PPM. AREAS WITH HIGH ARSENIC CONTENT WERE IDENTIFIED FROM
SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE SAMPLES TAKEN WEST OF .BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN;
EAST OF WAUKEGAN, ILLINOIS; AND SOUTHWEST OF GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN.
DEPOSITION OF FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS CONTAINING APPRECIABLE QUANTITIES
OF ORGANIC MATTER OCCURS AT ALL THESE LOCATIONS. AMOUNTS OF ARSENIC
OBSERVED IN THE UPPERMOST PORTIONS OF THESE SEDIMENTS GENERALLY VARY
DIRECTLY WITH THE ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT AND ARE PROBABLY A RESULT OF
MAN'S ACTIVITIES IN THE WATERSHED SURROUNDING THE LAKE. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 05A, 05B, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W71-01325
135
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STEVENS HOTEL CO V CHICAGO YACHT CLUB (ERECTION OF BUILDING AS BURDEN ON SCENIC
EASEMENT).
399 ILL APP 463, 171 NE 550-554 (1930).
DESCRIPTORS:
*I.LLINOIS, *SCENIC EASEMENTS. *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKES,
CITIES, ROADS, RIPARIAN WATERS, BUILDINGS, LANDFILLS, EASEMENTS,
JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECTS, PARKS, AESTHETICS, LAND USE,
SCENERY, RELATIVE RIGHTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
CHICAGO(ILL).
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF HOTEL OWNER SOUGHT TO ENJOIN DEFENDANT YACHT CLUB FROM
ERECTING A BUILDING ON THE SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN. PLAINTIFF'S HOTEL
WAS SITUATED ON AN AVENUE ALONG LAKE MICHIGAN; A PARK EXTENDED TO THE
LAKESHORE ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE AVENUE. PLAINTIFF HAD AN EASEMENT
APPURTENANT IN THE PARK WHICH PREVENTED ERECTION OF BUILDINGS THERE.
THE CITY DREDGED IN THE LAKE BED ADJACENT TO THE PARK TO A HARBOR LINE '
ESTABLISHED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR. DEFENDANT PROPOSED TO ERECT A
CLUBHOUSE ON LAND DREDGED IN OUTSIDE OF THIS HARBOR LINE. PLAINTIFF
CONTENDED THAT ERECTION OF THE CLUBHOUSE WOULD BURDEN HIS EASEMENT. THE
COURT DETERMINED THAT PLAINTIFF'S EASEMENT EXTENDED THROUGHOUT THE
DREDGED IN PORTION OF THE PARK, AS-WELL AS IN THE ORIGINAL PARK.
HOWEVER, THE COURT FOUND THAT PLAINTIFF HAD NO RIPARIAN RIGHTS OTHER
THAN THOSE OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC. SINCE THE PROPOSED SITE WAS BEYOND
THE HARBOR LINE TO WHICH PLAINTIFF'S EASEMENT EXTENDED, THE COURT HELD
THAT THE EASEMENT WOULD NOT BE BURDENED BY THE NEW CLUBHOUSE, AND
AFFIRMED THE LOWER COURT'S DECISION FOR DEFENDANT. (HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-01724
136
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DEEP-BED FILTER SYSTEM FOR MILL SCALE REMOVALt
DRAVO CORP., PITTSBURGH, PA. DEPT. OF WATER AND WASTE TREATMENT.
DONALD F. HEANEY.
WATER AND WASTES ENGINEERING/INDUSTRIAL, VOL 7, NO 3, P B6-B7, MARCH 1970. 3
FIG, 1 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*FILTRATION, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, SCALING SCOUR, LAKE MICHIGAN,
COAGULATION, WASTE WATER TREATMENT.
IDENTIFIERS:
*DEEP-BED FILTERS, BACKWASHING.
ABSTRACT:
THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET AND TUBE COMPANY ADDED A NEW 84-INCH HOT STRIP
MILL TO ITS INDIANA HARBOR WORKS IN THE HOPE OF MINIMIZING THE
DISCHARGE OF MILL SCALE AND OTHER POLLUTANTS INTO LAKE MICHIGAN. THE
60,000 GPM TREATMENT FACILITY HAS 42 DEEP-BED FILTERS PROVIDING 8,900
SQ. FT. OF FILTER AREA. BACKWASH AIR IS USED AT A RATE OF 2,600 CFM
' WHEN WASHING TWO FILTER TANKS. VALVES CONTROLLING BACKWASH WATER FLOW
ARE OPERATED FROM THEIR OWN INSTRUMENT AIR SYSTEM. ONE SECTION OF 7
DUAL FILTERS IS BACKWASHED ON EACH SHIFT, WITH EACH DUAL UNIT REQUIRING
30 MINUTES FOR COMPLETE WASHING. THE PRESSURE BUILD-UP VARIES BETWEEN
15 AND 25 FEET WATER GAUGE. IF THE PRESSURE BUILD-UP EXCEEDS A PRESET
FIGURE OF APPROXIMATELY 30 FEET WATER GAUGE, THE FILTERS GO
AUTOMATICALLY INTO BACKWASH IN TURN. THIS CONTINUES UNTIL ALL FILTER
UNITS HAVE BEEN CLEANED. THE BACKWASH WATER IS RETURNED TO THE INFLUENT
END OF THE SCALE PITS. OPERATING EXPERIENCE HAS.PROVED THAT ADDITION OF
A COAGULATING POLYMER IS NOT ALWAYS NECESSARY. THE SCOURING AIR
REQUIRED IN BACKWASH IS DISTRIBUTED BY A LATERAL PIPE SYSTEM AND IS
CONTROLLED BY THE 'M' BLOCK UNITS. INDIVIDUAL DOMES IN THE BLOCKS
ENSURE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION THROUGH THE SAND DURING BACKWASH. BACKWASH
WATER IS TAKEN FROM THE FILTRATE HEADER. THE FILTRATE IS EMPTIED INTO
THE LAKE THROUGH A CONTINUOUS MONITORING SYSTEM. NOT ONLY DID THE
DEEP-BED FILTER SYSTEM OFFER SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS IN SPACE AND ECONOMICS
OF OPERATION, BUT RESULTS FOR 18 MONTHS OF OPERATION HAVE BEEN HIGHLY
SATISFACTORY. THE WATER COMING FROM THE TWO-SCALE BASINS AVERAGES 20 TO
70 MG/L OIL AND 70 TO 110 MG/L SOLIDS. THE EFFLUENT FROM THE FILTER
AVERAGES 3 TO 5 MG/L OIL AND 3 TO 5 MG/L SOLIDS-ABOUT EQUIVALENT TO THE
QUALITY OF THE WATER TAKEN FROM THE LAKE. (SELBY-TEXAS)
FIELD 050
ACCESSION NO. W71-01971
137
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LAKE MICHIGAN DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL.
NORTHWESTERN UNIV.t EVANSTON, ILL. DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.
PREPARED BY THE PROJECT IN PLANNING AND DESIGN CLASS, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING, THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUE, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, EVANSTON,
ILLINOIS, MAY 1969. 81 P, 9 TAB, 32 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *WATER SUPPLY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *DIKE, EARTHWORKERS,
HYDRAULICS, AIRPORT, WATER POLLUTION, BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, TUNNEL
CONSTRUCTION, HIGHWAYS, ISLAND, CANALS, LOCKS, COSTS, WASTE DILUTION,
INTAKES, TURBIDITY.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE AIRPORT, ARTIFICIAL ISLAND, SANITARY CANAL, METROPOLITAN SANITARY
DISTRICT, DIKE EXPRESSWAYS.
ABSTRACT:
THIS REPORT PRESENTS A PROPOSAL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE WATER QUALITY
OF LAKE MICHIGAN BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BARRIER ACROSS ITS SOUTHERN
END. SUCH A BARRIER WOULD ISOLATE THE LARGEST CONCENTRATED AREA OF
WASJE DISCHARGES INTO THE LAKE AND PREVENT FURTHER DETERIORATION OF THE
QUALITY OF THE WATER IN THE LAKE. IT WOULD PROTECT THE WATER SUPPLIES
OF THE SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES BY MAINTAINING A CONSISTENTLY HIGH
WATER QUALITY, AND WOULD PRESERVE THE BEACHES AND SHORE WATERS OF MUCH
OF THE LAKE SO THAT LAKE MICHIGAN CAN CONTINUE TO BE A MAJOR
RECREATIONAL RESOURCE. THREE ALTERNATIVE PLANS ARE PROPOSED, ALL OF
WHICH CREATE A BARRIER ACROSS THE LAKE, BUT WHICH DIFFER IN THE EXTENT
OF DEVELOPMENT. (SEE ALSO W71-02157 AND W71-02158). (MILLER-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05G, 04A, 06B
ACCESSION NO. W71-02156
138
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SECTION III: ALTERNATIVE PLANS.
IN: LAKE MICHIGAN DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALt PREPARED BY PROJECT IN PLANNING AND
DESIGN CLASSt DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE,
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS, MAY 1969, P 34-82. 2 TAB, 24
FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *HYDRAULICS, *DIKE, *CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, *COSTS,
LAKE BEDS, SUPPLY, AIRPORT, NAVIGATION, HARBORS, RECREATION, LAKE
MICHIGAN, TUNNELING, BRIDGES, SOLID WASTE, ISLANDS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE AIRPORT, *DIKE EXPRESSWAY, MASS TRANSPORTATION, MONRAIL.
ABSTRACT:
IN THIS SECTION THREE ALTERNATIVE PLANS ARE DISCUSSED, ALL OF WHICH
PROVIDE A DIKE FOR MANAGING THE WATER QUALITY OF THE LAKE AND WHICH
WILL ALSO PROVIDE A LARGE ILLINOIS-INDIANA HARBOR AREA. THESE THREE
ALTERNATIVES PRESENT VARYING DEGREES OF ADDITIONAL BENEFITS AND AN
OPPORTUNITY FOR STAGE CONSTRUCTION. THE THREE ALTERNATIVES ARE: (1) A
MINIMUM DIKE SECTION; (2) A CAUSEWAY WIDE ENOUGH TO ACCOMMODATE A
' HIGHWAY AND RAPID TRANSIT FACILITIES; AND (3) TWO LARGE ISLANDS
APPROXIMATELY ONE-HALF MILE WIDE AT THEIR GREATEST WIDTH. ALSO,
DISCUSSED ARE FEATURES TYPICAL TO ALL ALTERNATIVES. THE SECTION ENDS
WITH AN OVER-ALL SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL IN GENERAL. (SEE ALSO
W71-02156). (MILLER-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06A
ACCESSION NO. W71-02158
139
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CITY OF MILWAUKEE V STATE (SALE OF SUBMERGED LANDS TO AID NAVIGATION).
214 NW 820-832 (WIS 1927).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSINt *NAVIGATIONt OWNERSHIP OF BEDS, *PUBLIC RIGHTS,
LEGISLATION, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECTS, NAVIGABLE WATERS, LAKE
MICHIGAN, SHORES, CONDEMNATION, CONTRACTS, LAKES, CITIES, RELATIVE
RIGHTS, HARBORS, LAND TENURE, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, GREAT LAKES, LAND
RECLAMATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, PUBLIC HEALTH.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF CITY BROUGHT ACTION TO QUIET TITLE TO CERTAIN SUBMERGED LANDS
AT THE EDGE OF LAKE MICHIGAN. PLAINTIFF CLAIMED THE LAND THROUGH A
GRANT FROM THE STATE LEGISLATURE. DEFENDANT STATE CONTENDED THAT THE
LAND HAD TO BE HELD IN TRUST FOR THE PUBLIC AND BE UTILIZED ONLY IN AID
OF NAVIGATION. PLAINTIFF HAD AGREED TO CONVEY TITLE TO THE LAND TO A
PRIVATE CORPORATION IN EXCHANGE FOR A PIECE OF PROPERTY OWNED BY SAID
CORPORATION WHICH PLAINTIFF CONSIDERED VITAL TO THE SUCCESSFUL
CONSTRUCTION OF PORT FAC IL IT IES. AFTER CONSIDERABLE DEL IVERAT ION, THE
COURT FOUND THAT THE GRANTING Of THE LAND TO THE CORPORATION AND THE
SUBSEQUENT CONSTRUCTION OF A PIER THEREON WOULD NOT BE A VIOLATION OF
THE TRUST DOCTRINE BUT RATHER A NECESSARY STEP TO BE TAKEN IN THE AID
OF NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE. THE JUDGMENT OF THE LOWER COURT IN FAVOR OF
PLAINTIFF WAS AFFIRMED. (PRICE-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-02187
140
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HILT V WEBER (OWNERSHIP OF LAND ALONG LAKE'S EDGE).
252 MICH 198, 233 NW 159-170 (1930).
DESCRIPTORS:
*MICHIGAN, *ACCRETION(LEGAL ASPECTS), *RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
*BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), LAND TENURE, EMINENT DOMAIN, COMPENSATION, LAKE
MICHIGAN, NAVIGABLE WATERS, NAVIGATION, BEDS, OWNERSHIP OF BEDS,
BOUNDARY DISPUTES, DAMAGES, PUBLIC RIGHTS, SURVEYS, RIPARIAN LAND,
LEGAL ASPECTS, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LAKES, GREAT LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*MEANDER L INES.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFFS FILED A BILL TO FORECLOSE A LAND CONTRACT ON LAND BORDERING
LAKE MICHIGAN. DEFENDANTS CLAIMED FRAUD IN THAT THE BOUNDARY OF
OWNERSHIP WAS AN OLD MEANDER LINE, AND CONSEQUENTLY RELICTED LAND
BELONGED TO THE STATE. DEFENDANTS WERE AWARDED DAMAGES. THE SUPREME
COURT OF MICHIGAN REVERSED, HOLDING THAT THE SHORELINE AND NOT THE
MEANDER LINE WAS PLAINTIFFS' TRUE BOUNDARY. UNDER FEDERAL LAW, A
PURCHASER FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF PUBLIC LAND ON THE GREAT LAKES TOOK
TITLE TO THE WATER'S EDGE. MEANDER LINES HAD NO FORCE AS BOUNDARIES TO
WATERS OTHER THAN THE GREAT LAKES. THE COURT RULED THAT A PRIOR CASE,
HOLDING THAT RIPARIAN OWNERS ON THE GREAT LAKES OWNED ONLY TO THE
MEANDER LINE AND THAT THE STATUS OF LAND AS LAKE BOTTOM WAS FIXED BY
THE MEANDER LINE, WAS INCORRECT. ALL RIPARIAN OWNERS OWN TO THE WATER'S
EDGE. RIGHT TO ACQUISITIONS TO LAND THROUGH ACCESSION OR RELICTION IS A
RIPARIAN RIGHT. TITLE TO THE SHORELINE IS A MOVABLE FREEHOLD. THE STATE
CANNOT TAKE PRIVATE PROPERTY WITHOUT COMPENSATION, WHICH WOULD OCCUR IF
RELICTED LAND WERE HELD TO BELONG TO THE STATE. GENERALLY, RIPARIAN
RIGHTS ARE: (1) WATER UTILIZATION FOR GENERAL PURPOSES; (2) TO WHARF
OUT TO NAVIGABILITY; m ACCESS TO NAVIGABLE WATERS; AND u> RIGHT TO
ACCRETIONS. SUCH RIGHTS ARE PROPERTY, AND IN TAKING THEM, THE STATE
MUST PAY COMPENSATION. SUCH RIGHTS DO NOT INTERFERE WITH THE STATE'S
PARAMOUNT RIGHT TO FREE AND UNOBSTRUCTED USE OF NAVIGABLE WATERS FOR
NAVIGATION. (DUSS-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-023A1
141
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MCCORMICK V CHICAGO YACHT CLUB (RIGHT TO NON-RIPARIAN EASEMENT OF VIEW ACROSS
PUBLIC PARK).
331 ILL 514, 163 NE 418-421 (1928).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, *EASEMENTS, *PARKS, REAL PROPERTY, LAND
TENURE, RIPARIAN LAND, RIPARIAN WATERS, LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE
SHORES, RIGHT-OF-WAY, ACCESS ROUTES, DOCKS, BOATING, MARINAS,
RECREATION FACILITIES, CITIES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, BULKHEAD LINES,
LANDFILLS, BUILDINGS, LEGAL ASPECTS, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, ADJUDICATION
PROCEDURE, REMEDIES.
IDENTIFIERS:
INJUNCTION(PROHIBITORY).
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFFS OWNED LAND ABUTTING THE CITY'S WATERFRONT PARK. BY PRIOR
JUDICIAL DECISION, THE CITY HELD THE PARK IN TRUST FOR THE PUBLIC AND
COULD NOT ERECT ANY BUILDINGS THEREON WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE
ABUTTING LANDOWNERS. THE LANDOWNERS' RIGHTS AMOUNTED TO EASEMENTS. THE
CITY AUTHORIZED DEFENDANT YACHT CLUB TO ERECT A CLUBHOUSE AND DOCKS ON
LANDFILL ADJACENT TO THE PARK. PLAINTIFFS SUED TO RESTRAIN DEFENDANT
FROM OBSTRUCTING THEIR EASEMENT OF VIEW ACROSS THE PARK AND ACCESS TO
LAKE MICHIGAN. DEFENDANT CROSS-CLAIMED TO QUIET TITLE TO THE LANDFILL
AND TO ENJOIN PLAINTIFFS FROM BRINGING ANY FURTHER ACTIONS. THE COURT
AFFIRMED THE JUDGMENT DISMISSING PLAINTIFFS' COMPLAINT, HOLDING THAT
PLAINTIFFS WERE NOT RIPARIAN OWNERS AND HAD NO EASEMENTS OF VIEW OR
ACCESS AND THAT DEFENDANT'S CLUBHOUSE DID NOT VIOLATE THE PUBLIC TRUST
SINCE IT WAS NOT ON LAND WITHIN THE PARK'S ORIGINAL BOUNDARIES.
HOWEVER, THE COURT REVERSED THE JUDGMENT QUIETING DEFENDANT'S TITLE,
STATING THAT EQUITY WILL NOT ACT TO REMOVE A MERE VERBAL OR ORAL CLAIM
AGAINST PROPERTY SINCE ONLY WRITTEN INSTRUMENTS ON RECORD CAN BE
CONSIDERED AS CLOUDS ON A TITLE. (LIPTAK-FLORI DA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-02587
142
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NEW YORK V ILLINOIS (DIVERSION OF WATER FROM INTERNATIONAL WATERCOURSES).
274 US 488, 47 S CT 661 (1927).
DESCRIPTORS:
*NEW YORK, *ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *DIVERSION, ADJUDICATION
PROCEDURE, RIVERS, NAVIGABLE RIVERS, RIPARIAN RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL
WATERS, FOREIGN WATERS, LAKES, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECTS,
RELATIVE RIGHTS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WATER SUPPLY, WATERCOURSES(LEGAL).
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF NEW YORK SOUGHT AN INJUNCTION TO RESTRAIN DEFENDANT ILLINOIS
FROM DIVERTING WATER FROM LAKE MICHIGAN. DEFENDANT MOVED TO STRIKE A
PARAGRAPH OF THE COMPLAINT WHICH ASSERTED THAT THE DIVERSION MIGHT
INTERFERE WITH PLAINTIFF'S USE OF THE NIAGARA AND ST. LAWRENCE RIVERS
FOR POWER DEVELOPMENT. THE COURT NOTED THAT THE RIVERS WERE
INTERNATIONAL, THEREBY REQUIRING THE CONSENT OF CANADA AND THE UNITED
STATES FOR DIVERSION OF SUCH WATER. HOLDING THAT PLAINTIFF'S CONTENTION
DID NOT ASSERT AN ACTUAL OR THREATENED INJURY, BUT ONLY RAISED AN
ABSTRACT QUESTION, THE COURT SUSTAINED DEFENDANT'S MOTION.
(HART-FLORIDA)
'FIELD. 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-02601
143
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WISCONSIN V ILLINOIS (INJUNCTION STAYING DIVERSION OF WATER FROM LAKE MICHIGAN),
281 US 179, 50 S CT 266-268 (1930).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWAGE, *DIVERSION, WISCONSIN, MISSOURI,
NEW YORK, RIVERS, NAVIGABLE RIVERS, NAVIGABLE WATERS, LAKES, RIPARIAN
RIGHTS, SEWAGE TREATMENT, WATER POLLUTION, ALTERATION OF FLOW, RELATIVE
RIGHTS, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECTS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, WATER
QUALITY.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF WISCONSIN OBTAINED AN INJUNCTION AGAINST DEFENDANT ILLINOIS
PREVENTING DIVERSION OF WATER FROM LAKE MICHIGAN FOR DILUTION AND
CONVEYANCE OF CHICAGO'S SEWAGE. THE CASE WAS REFERRED TO A MASTER TO
DETERMINE THE MEASURES AND TIME NECESSARY TO EFFECT THE DECREE. IN
REVIEWING BOTH PARTIES' EXCEPTIONS TO THE MASTER'S REPORT, THE COURT
STATED THAT: (1) THE RISE IN LAKE MICHIGAN SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED IN DETERMINING THE DIVERSION REDUCTION; (2) THE POSSIBILITY
OF FUTURE CONGRESSIONAL ACTION DID NOT AFFECT THE PRIOR DECREE; (3) THE
CHICAGO RIVER DID NOT HAVE TO BE RETURNED TO ITS ORIGINAL DIRECTION OF
FLOW; AND (4) THE DIVERTED WATERS SHOULD NOT BE RETURNED TO LAKE
MICHIGAN AFTER PURIFICATION. RETAINING JURISDICTION OF THE DISPUTE, THE
COURT ENTERED A DECREE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MASTER'S REPORT,
ENJOINING DIVERSIONS EXCEEDING STATED AMOUNTS IN SUCH REPORT.
(HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-02613
144
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PHYSICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WASTE HEAT ON LAKE MICHIGAN.
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICEt UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
SEPTEMBER 1970. 101 P, 7 FIG, 14 TAB, 60 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*THERMAL POLLUTION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *HEATED WATER, *AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT, *WATER TEMPERATURE, FISH KILL, AQUATIC HABITATS,
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WILD LIFE, EUTROPHICATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*WASTE HEAT, *INSHORE WATERS, THERMAL LOADINGS, THERMAL TOLERANCES,
FISHERY RESOURCE.
ABSTRACT:
THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT REPORT IS TO ANALYZE THE ECOLOGICAL DAMAGES
TO LAKE MICHIGAN AS A RESULT OF THE DISCHARGE OF INDUSTRIAL AND
MUNICIPAL WASTE HEAT. SINCE NOT ENOUGH DATA ARE AVAILABLE ABOUT THESE
EFFECTS, INTERVIEW STANDARDS MUST BE SET FOR LAKE MICHIGAN ON THE BASIS
OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE. THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE THAT
SUBSTANTIATES THIS CONCERN. HEAT ADDITION IS AN ESSENTIALLY
ACCUMULATIVE PROBLEM THAT WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO INSHORE EUTROPHICATION
' AND. BE INTOLERABLE FOR THE FISH AND WILDLIFE STANDPOINT BY THE YEAR
2000. ANALYSIS OF INSHORE WATERS, THERMAL LOADINGS, EFFECTS OF
TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION ON LAKE MICHIGAN FISH AND ECOLOGICAL
RAMIFICATIONS OF THE ADDITION OF WASTE HEAT ARE PRESENTED AND
DISCUSSED. AMONG THE CONCLUSIONS BASED ON THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED IN THE
REPORT, IT IS STATED THAT NO SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF WASTE HEAT SHOULD
BE DISCHARGED INTO LAKE MICHIGAN. (HERRERA-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-03474
145
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WISCONSIN V MICHIGAN (NAVIGABLE WATER AS BOUNDARY BETWEEN STATES).
295 US 455, 55 S CT 786-789 (1935).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSINt *MICHIGAN, *BOUNDARY DISPUTES, *EOUITABLE APPORTIONMENT,
BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), LEGAL ASPECTS, WATER RIGHTS, ISLANDS, STREAMS,
LAKES, GREAT LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN, RIPARIAN RIGHTS, BAYS, FEDERAL
JURISDICTION, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, CHANNELS, BODIES OF WATER, INTERSTATE,
ABSTRACT:
THE WATERS OF GREEN BAY COMPRISED A PORTION "OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN
PLAINTIFF WISCONSIN AND DEFENDANT MICHIGAN. THE ENABLING ACT CREATING
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN DESCRIBED THE CENTER OF THE 'MOST USUAL SHIP
CHANNEL' OF THE BAY AS THE BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN PLAINTIFF AND
DEFENDANT. A BOUNDARY DISPUTE BETWEEN THE PARTIES AROSE OVER THE FACT
THAT TWO DISTINCT SHIP CHANNELS EXISTED, TO EITHER OF WHICH THE
DESCRIPTION MIGHT APPLY. THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, IN AFFIRMING
THE OPINION OF A SPECIAL MASTER, HELD THAT THE WATERS OF GREEN BAY
SHOULD BE DIVIDED BETWEEN THE STATES SO AS TO GIVE EQUALITY OF
OPPORTUNITY IN USE OF ITS WATERS. IN REACHING ITS DECISION THE COURT
CONSIDERED THE PRINCIPLE THAT WHEN A NAVIGABLE STREAM IS THE BOUNDARY
BETWEEN STATES, THE MIDDLE OF THE MAIN CHANNEL, AS DISTINGUISHED FROM
THE GEOGRAPHICAL MIDDLE OF THE STREAM, LIMITS JURISDICTION OF EACH
STATE. THIS IS SO UNLESS THE BOUNDARY IS OTHERWISE FIXED BY AGREEMENT.
THE COURT ASSUMED THAT CONGRESS INTENDED IN THE MICHIGAN ENABLING ACT
TO GIVE THE PARTIES EQUALITY OF RIGHT AND OPPORTUNITY FOR NAVIGATION
AND FISHING. (POWELL-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-03626
146
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PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS FROM SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, URBANA.
JOHN A. SCHLEICHER, AND JOHN K. KUHN.
ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES NO 39, NOVEMBER 1970.
15 P, 12 FIG, 4 TAB, 5 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*PHOSPHORUS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, POLLUTANT
IDENTIFICATION, PATH OF POLLUTANTS, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, X-RAY FLUORESCENCE, X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY.
IDENTIFIERS:
SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN.
ABSTRACT:
177 SAMPLES FROM UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS ON THE BOTTOM OF LAKE
MICHIGAN WERE ANALYZED BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROGRAPHY FOR TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS CONTENT; THE SAMPLES, FROM VARYING DEPTHS, WERE TAKEN FROM
56 LOCATIONS. STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF THE RESULTS SHOW THAT ALTHOUGH
' THE CONCENTRATIONS OF PHOSPHORUS ARE UNIFORMLY RATHER LOW, CORRELATIONS
CAN BE SHOWN BETWEEN THE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT AND, NOTABLY, THE AMOUNTS
OF ARSENIC, IRON, AND ORGANIC CARBON. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05A, 02K, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-03703
147
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A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE FUTURE OF CHICAGO'S LAKEFRONT.
JOHNSONt JOHNSON AND ROY, INC., ANN ARBOR, MICH.
PRELIMINARY REPORT, FEBRUARY 1968. 52 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *CITY PLANNING, *PLANNING, *RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT,
*PARKS, *LAND USE, LAKE SHORES, LAKES, AESTHETICS, RECREATION,
RECREATION FACILITIES, MANAGEMENT.
IDENTIFIERS:
*CHICAGO, *LAKEFRONT DEVELOPMENT.
ABSTRACT:
A NUMBER OF BASIC STUDY OBJECTIVES WHICH CHARACTERIZE THE REPORT CAN BE
IDENTIFIED: (A) TO RECONFIRM THE MANNER IN WHICH THE LAKESHORE HAS
SERVED THE PEOPLE OF CHICAGO IN THE PAST; (B) TO DISCOVER HOW THE
LAKESHORE IS MOST EFFECTIVELY USED TODAY; (C) TO DISCOVER THE BEST
POSSIBLE USE OF THE LAKESHORE AS A RECREATION RESOURCE; (D) TO CHART
THE POTENTIALS FOR INCREASED RECREATION LAND AREAS ALONG THE SHORE OR
OFF SHORE; (E) TO MATCH FUTURE POTENTIALS FOR USE WITH APPROPRIATE
ACCESS PATTERNS; (F) TO RECOMMEND BASIC ACTION PROGRAMS WHICH WOULD
LEAD TOWARDS THE FULL MEASURE OF FUTURE POTENTIAL INHERENT IN THE
LAKESHORE; AND (G) TO ESTABLISH BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SHORELINE
DEVELOPMENT WHICH CAN BE DIRECTLY BENEFICIAL TO NUMEROUS AND OTHERWISE
UNRELATED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DEVELOPMENTS ALONG THE SHORE.
(DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W71-03761
148
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rfATER POLLUTION IN LAKE MICHIGAN BY TRACE ELEMENTS FROM POLLUTION AEROSOL
FALLOUT,
MICHIGAN UNIV.t ANN ARBOR.
JOHN W. WINCHESTER, AND GORDON D. NIFONG.
/
CONTRIBUTION 161, DEPT OF METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, (1970). 29 P, 14 TAB,
1 FIG, 22 REF. USAEC CONTRACT AT (ll-D-1705.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, *WATER POLLUTION, *AIR
POLLUTION, *AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS, *WATER QUALITY, URBANIZATION,
CITIES.
IDENTIFIERS:
^METROPOLITAN AREAS, *CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA, *MILWAUKEE
METROPOLITAN AREA, ^NORTHWESTERN INDIANA METROPOLITAN AREA, URBAN
ENVIRONMENT.
ABSTRACT:
CERTAIN TRACE ELEMENTS WHICH ARE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH AIR POLLUTION
' SOU.RCES IN THE LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN MAY BE CONTRIBUTING SIGNIFICANTLY TO
LAKE WATER POLLUTION BY AN ATMOSPHERIC FALLOUT ROUTE. A PARTIAL
INVENTORY OF AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS FOR 30 TRACE ELEMENTS IS PRESENTED
FOR THE CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, AND NORTHWEST INDIANA METROPOLITAN AREAS,
BASED ON AVAILABLE PUBLISHED INFORMATION, AND COMPARED WITH NATURAL AND
POLLUTION STREAM TRACE ELEMENT INPUTS. EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT THE
ATMOSPHERE MAY BE THE MAJOR SOURCE OF ZN IN LAKE MICHIGAN, AND
ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS OF CU AND NI ARE ALSO CONSIDERABLE. MOREOVER, THE
EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT AIR POLLUTION PROBABLY EXCEEDS EXPECTED
UNPOLLUTED STREAM INPUTS FOR MANY ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
HIGHLIGHTING THE NEED FOR MORE COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL DATA TO QUANTIFY
THE EVALUATION. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05A
ACCESSION NO. W71-03764
149
-------
GREAT LAKES SHORELAND MANAGEMENT AND EROSION DAMAGE CONTROL FOR MICHIGAN.
MICHIGAN WATffR RESOURCES COMMISSIONf LANSING. DEPT. OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
DEPARTMENT Op NATURAL RESOURCESt WDS-4, JANUARY 1970. 18 P, 21 FIG. SUPPORTED
BY A WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL GRANT.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SHORE PROTECTION, *EROSION CONTROL, *GREAT LAKES, *LITTORAL DRIFT,
*SOIL EROSION, *FLOOD DAMAGE, BANK STABILITY, MICHIGAN, LAKE SHORES,
LAKE ERIE, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE HURON, SEICHES, WIND TIDES, LAND
MANAGEMENT, SEDIMENT CONTROL.
IDENTIFIERS:
*SHORELAND MANAGEMENT.
ABSTRACT:
A PROGRAM HAS BEEN DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED TO THE MICHIGAN LEGISLATURE
TO PROVIDE FOR THE PROTECTION, EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT, AND MAINTENANCE OF
THE QUALITY OF THE GREAT LAKES SHORELANDS OF MICHIGAN. INCLUDED ARE
PROVISIONS TO: REQUIRE ZONING OF SHORELANDS; ESTABLISH THE
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE WATER
RESOURCES COMMISSION; AUTHORIZE ENGINEERING AND SPECIAL STUDIES OF THE
SHORELANDS; AND DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR THE USE OF THE
SHORELANDS. THE SHORELANDS OF SOME OF MICHIGAN'S SOUTHERN COUNTIES ARE
OVER 80 PERCENT DEVELOPED. EROSION IS A NATURAL PROCESS: HOWEVER, WHEN
WATER LEVELS ARE HIGH AND WHEN HIGH WINDS OCCUR, DAMAGE CAN BE SEVERE.
IN ADDITION TO DAMAGES CAUSED BY NORMAL WEATHER DURING HIGH WATER,
THERE IS A THREAT OF SHORT BUT VIOLENT FLUCTUATIONS FROM SEICHES THAT
CAN INUNDATE LARGE AREAS WITHIN MINUTES. PRIMARY DAMAGE RESULTS FROM
EROSION OF THE SHORELINE, CAUSING PHYSICAL LOSS. OF LAND AREAS, TREES,
STRUCTURES, DOCKS, HOMES, COTTAGES AND ROADS. ACCELERATED SEDIMENTATION
IMPAIRS WATER QUALITY, INCREASES DOMESTIC WATER TREATMENT COSTS,
DESTROYS AQUATIC LIFE AND HABITAT, AND FILLS RIVER MOUTHS. A SHORELAND
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM SHOULD GIVE FIRST PRIORITY TO ASSURING THAT NEW
DEVELOPMENTS ALONG THE GREAT LAKES WILL NOT BE SUBJECT TO EROSION
EFFECTS. A PARTNERSHIP MANAGEMENT PROGRAM BETWEEN THE MICHIGAN STATE
GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IS SUGGESTED. (POERTNER)
FIELD 02H, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W71-03908
150
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PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES: A FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY
1964-1968,
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, CINCINNATI, OHIO. ANALYTICAL
QUALITY CONTROL LAB.
JAMES J. LICHTENBERG, JAMES W. EICHELBERGER, RONALD C. DRESSMAN, AND JAMES E.
LONGBOTTOM.
AVAILABLE FROM: EPA WOO, ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY, 1014
BROADWAY, CINCINNATI, OHIO 45202. SEPTEMBER 1969. 34 P, 2 FIG, 8 TAB, 10
REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WASTE WATER(POLLUTION), *DIELDRIN, *ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES,
HUDSON RIVER, *PESTICIDE RESIDUES, ENDRIN, DDT, ALDRIN, HEPTACHLOR,
WATER QUALITY, FISHKILL, DELAWARE RIVER, TENNESSEE RIVER, OHIO RIVER,
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, LAKE ERIE, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE SUPERIOR,
MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MISSOURI RIVER, RIO GRANDE RIVER, COLORADO RIVER,
COLUMBIA RIVER, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES.
IDENTIFIERS:
' *CHEMICAL RECOVERY, *PARATHION, LINDANE, BHC, CHLODRANE, METHYL,
PARATHION, FENTHION, ETHION, MALATHION, TRITHION, DDE, ODD, HEPTACHLOR
EPOXIDE, CONNECTICUT RIVER, SCHUYLKILL RIVER, MERRIMACK RIVER, RARITAN
RIVER, POTOMAC RIVER, SHENANDOAH RIVER, SUSQUEHANNA RIVER, ROANOKE
RIVER, NEUSE RIVER, APALACHICOLA RIVER, BEAUCLAIR RIVER, ESCAMBIA
RIVER, OKLAHOMA RIVER, WEST PALM BEACH CANAL, CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER,
SAVANNAH RIVER, CLINCH RIVER, TOMBIGBEE RIVER, ALLEGHENY RIVER, KANAWHA
RIVER, MONONGAHELA RIVER, WABASH RIVER, DETROIT RIVER, ST. CLAIR RIVER,
ST. MARY'S RIVER, SAGINAW RIVER, MAUMEE RIVER, ILLINOIS RIVER, FOX
RIVER, NORTH PLATTE RIVER, PLATTE RIVER, SOUTH PLATTE RIVER,
YELLOWSTONE RIVER, RAINY RIVER, RED RIVER, KANSAS RIVER, BIG HORN
RIVER, ATCHAFALAYA RIVER, ARKANSAS RIVER, BRAZOS RIVER, VERDIGRIS
RIVER, TRINITY RIVER, BEAR RIVER, GREEN RIVER, KLAMATH RIVER,
SACRAMENTO RIVER, SAN JOAQUIN RIVER, SAN JUAN RIVER, TRUCKEE RIVER,
CLEARWATER RIVER, PEND OREILLE RIVER, SNAKE RIVER, SPOKANE RIVER,
WILLAMETTE RIVER, YAKIMA RIVER, CARBAMATE COMPOUNDS.
ABSTRACT:
THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE RESULTS OF FIVE ANNUAL SYNOPTIC SURVEYS
(1964-1968) FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATER OF
THE UNITED STATES. THE ANALYTICAL METHODS EMPLOYED WERE BASED UPON
STANDARD METHODS ESTABLISHED BY FWQA WHICH ARE SPECIFIC FOR DIELDRIN,
ENDRIN, DDT, DDE, ODD, ALDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, HEPTACHLOR EXPOXIDE,
LINDANE, BHC, GAMMA-CHLORDANE AND TECHNICAL CHLORDANE. IN THE 1967 AND
1968 SURVEYS, SAMPLES WERE ALSO ANALYZED FOR MEHYL PARATHION,
PARATHION, FENTHION, ETHION, MALATHION, AND TRITHION. THE RESULTS
SHOWED WIDE-SPREAD OCCURRENCE OF THE PESTICIDES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED
STATES. THE NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES REACHED A PEAK IN 1966 AND THEN
DECLINED SHARPLY IN 1967 AND 1968. THE MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS HAVE NOT
EXCEEDED PERMISSIBLE LIMITS AS THEY RELATE TO HUMAN INTAKE DIRECTLY
FROM A DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY. HOWEVER, THEY HAVE OFTEN EXCEEDED THE
151
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ENVIRONMENTAL LIMIT RECOMMENDED BY THE FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON WATER
QUALITY CRITERIA. MAPS AND TABLES ARE INCLUDED TO SHOW THE DISTRIBUTION
OF THE VARIOUS PESTICIDES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES.
(LITTLE-BATTELLE)
FIELD 05A» 05B
ACCESSION NO. W71-04201
152
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PROCEEDINGS: CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASINt
ILLINOIS. INDIANA, MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN, VOL 1, (1969). 363 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *ADMINISTRATION, *PROGRAMS, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT,
MICHIGAN, INDIANA, ILLINOIS, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, LEGISLATION,
WASTES, WATER POLLUTION, REGULATION, MUNICIPAL WASTES, INDUSTRIAL
WASTES, PESTICIDES, BOATS, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
PLANNING, PROJECT PLANNING, PROJECTS, OIL WASTES, WATER POLLUTION
SOURCES, WATER ANALYSIS, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL.
ABSTRACT:
IN THESE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN
AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, REPORTS ARE GIVEN BY THE ARMY CORPS OF
ENGINEERS AND THE STATES OF MICHIGAN, INDIANA AND ILLINOIS. THE REPORTS
SET FORTH STEPS TAKEN TO IMPLEMENT A PROGRAM PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED BY
THE CONFERENCE. THAT PROGRAM INCLUDES RECOMMENDATIONS COVERING
INDUSTRIAL WASTES, DUMPING OF POLLUTED MATERIALS, WASTES FROM
WATERCRAFT, PESTICIDES, OIL SPILLS AND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS. REPORTS
CONSIST OF PROGRESS MADE BY AGENCIES CHARGED WITH IMPLEMENTING THE
' PROGRAM IN THE VARIOUS STATES, THE EXTENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS
BY THE INDUSTRIES, MUNICIPALITIES AND INDIVIDUALS AFFECTED, AND
ORDINANCES AND LEGISLATION PASSED TO EFFECTUATE THE CONFERENCE
RECOMMENDATIONS. (DOUBERLEY-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-04256
153
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A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF THERMAL DISCHARGES,
INDUSTRIAL BIO-TEST LABS.t NORTHBROOK, ILL. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIV.
LAWRENCE P. BEER, AND WESLEY 0. PIPES.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE 24, P 727-744, MAY 1969. 5
FIG, 5 TAB, 4 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
"THERMAL POLLUTION, TEMPERATURE, THERMAL POWERPLANTS, COOLING,
POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION, COOLING WATER, LAICE MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI
RIVER, BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, FISH, WATER
POLLUTION, WATER TEMPERATURE, PLANKTON, BENTHOS, NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
THERMAL POLLUTION SURVEYS.
ABSTRACT:
THE TECHNIQUE USED IN PRACTICAL SURVEYS ON THERMAL DISCHARGES IS
DISCUSSED. THE APPROACH CONSISTS OF: (1) PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS, <2)
CHEMICAL ANALYSES, AND (3) BIOLOGICAL ANALYSES. THIS TYPE OF SURVEY HAS
' BEEN APPLIED TO A LIMITED NUMBER OF LOCATIONS AND THOSE DESCRIBED HERE
ARE: LAKE MICHIGAN, AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER. DATA TAKEN AT THESE SITES
ARE SUMMARIZED. THE MAIN CONCLUSIONS OF THE. PAPER ARE: (1) SOLUTION TO
THERMAL POLLUTION PROBLEMS WILL HAVE TO BE BASED ON EVALUATION OF THE
PARTICULAR AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT IN QUESTION; (2) FIELD TECHNIQUE OF
MAKING THESE EVALUATIONS IS AVAILABLE AND PROVIDE A GOOD REPRESENTATION
OF ACTUAL CONDITIONS. (3) CONTINUED MONITORING OF THE ENVIRONMENT IS
NECESSARY TO DETERMINE THE RELEVANCE OF THE PRESENT WATER QUALITY
STANDARDS AND TO PROTECT INDUSTRIES FROM UNFOUNDED ATTACKS.
(NOVOTNY-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-04430
154
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PHYSICAL FACTORS WITH BEARING ON EUTROPHICATION IN LAKES IN GENERAL AND IN
LARGE LAKES IN PARTICULAR,
WISCONSIN UNIV.t MILWAUKEE. CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES.
C. H. MORTIMER.
EUTROPHICATION: CAUSES* CONSEQUENCES, CORRECTIVES. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
OFFICE, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, WASHINGTON, D. C., P 340-36F, 1969. 8
FIG, 20 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, *LAKES, ^DIFFUSION, LAKE MICHIGAN, GREAT LAKES,
HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS, OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL, TEMPERATURE,
NUTRIENTS, FLUID MECHANICS, ACTIVATION ENERGY, STRATIFICATION,
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, EROSION, IRON, CORIOLIS FORCE, SEDIMENTS, MANGANESE,
STRATIFIED FLOW, HYPOLIMNION, EPILIMNION, THERMOCLINE, WINDS,
WAVES(WATER), CURRENTS(WATER).
IDENTIFIERS:
fLARGE LAKES.
"ABSTRACT:
DYNAMICS OF DIFFUSION, OF OXYGEN BALANCE, AND OF NUTRIENT GAINS AND
LOSSES AFFECT BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION IN NATURAL WATERS. NUTRIENT INFLUX
IS INFLUENCED BY ROCK WEATHERING, SOIL FORMATION, AND IN DRAINAGE BASIN
SOIL PROCESSES. WHICHEVER WAY THE SURFACE-SEDIMENT LAYER BECOMES
REDUCED BY DIFFUSION THE EFFECTS, ESPECIALLY ON SUBTHERMOCLINE WATER
MASS ARE PROFOUND AND ASSOCIATED NOT ONLY WITH REDUCTION AND
MOBILIZATION OF IRON AND MANGANESE AND THE UNLOCKING OF ADSORBED
MATERIALS, BUT ALSO WITH THE RESULTANT REMOVAL OF A BARRIER TO
UNIMPEDED DIFFUSION ACROSS THE SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE. ALTHOUGH
SUPPLY VARIATIONS FROM DRAINAGE BASIN ARE NOT WITHOUT INFLUENCE, IRON
AND MANGANESE CORE PROFILES REFLECT THE CONTROL OF REDOX CONDITIONS. IF
LAKE BASIN IS LONG ENOUGH OR WIND DISTRUBANCE GREAT ENOUGH, PART OF THE
HYPOLIMNION WILL BE RAISED INTO CONTACT WITH THE ATMOSPHERE AND OXYGEN
WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO SUBTHERMOCLINE LEVELS. RECENT FINDINGS INDICATE
THAT BOTH THE FORCED MOTIONS (WIND-DRIVEN CURRENTS) AND THE FREE
MOTIONS (INTERNAL WAVES) ARE CHARACTERIZED BY DOMINANCE OF
SHORE-PARALLEL, QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC FLOW NEAR SHORE AND BY FREQUENT
OCCURRENCE OF ROTATING (INERTIAL OR NEAR-INERTIAL) FLOW OFF SHORE; THIS
COMBINATION MAY LEAD TO PARTIAL OR TEMPORARY SEPARATION OF
CHARACTERISTIC COASTAL AND OFFSHORE WATER MASSES, RESULTING IN
ENTRAPMENT OF NUTRIENTS. (SEE ALSO W70-03975) (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-04620
155
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THE EUTROPHICATION OF LAKE MICHIGANt
JOHN C. AYERS.
IN: EUTROPHICATION IN LARGE LAKES AND IMPOUNDMENTSt UPPSALA SYMPOSIUM,
SWEDEN, MAY 1968. ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT,
PARIS,.1970. P 399-408. 7 TAB, 15 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *EUTROPHICATION, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS,
DISSOLVED SOLIDS, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, FISH, ALGAE, LAMPREYS, CALCIUM
CARBONATE, WINDS, MIXING, THERMAL STRATIFICATION, THERMOCLINE,
ISOTHERMS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*OECD, *UPPSALA SYMPOSIUM 1968, ALGAL BLOOMS, CLADOPHORA, ALEWIFE,
MILKY WATER, THERMAL BAR.
ABSTRACT:
THE EUTROPHICATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN IS PROBABLY MOST STRONGLY
PRONOUNCED IN THE VICINITY OF CHICAGO. IN THIS REGION, THE CONTENT OF
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS HAS RISEN DURING THE PAST 75 YEARS FROM 130 TO
' 170.PPM. NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS HAVE NOW REACHED THE
NUISANCE-ALGAE-BLOOM LEVEL. SINCE 1926 THE PHYTOPLANKTON INCREASED
ANNUALLY AT A RATE OF 13 ORGANISMS PER MILLIMETER. RECENTLY CLADOPHORA
POLLUTED 6 PUBLIC BEACHES. THE RECORDS OF FISH AND ZOOPLANKTON WERE
DISTORTED BY IMMIGRANT SPECIES, SUCH AS SEA LAMPREY AND ALEWIFE. THE
MAIN BODY OF LAKE MICHIGAN IS NOT EASILY ASSESSED, BUT STUDIES OF THE
LAST 40 YEARS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN ZOOPLANKTON, FORMATION OF
MARL IN EPILIMNION, INCREASED TURBIDITY, AND A REDUCTION IN HYPOLIMNIC
OXYGEN. IN RECENT YEARS, FORMATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTALS
PRODUCED MILKY WATER COLOR WHICH VERY LIKELY REDUCES THE DEPTH OF THE
EUPHOTIC ZONE AND DIMINISHES THE CONTENT OF NEAR-BOTTOM OXYGEN. THE
DISTRIBUTION OF THE INSHORE POLLUTANTS THROUGH THE MAIN BODY OF THE
LAKE IS ACCOMPLISHED LARGELY BY WINTER WIND MIXING AND MIGRATION OF THE
'THERMAL BAR,' THE SPRING EQUALIZATION OF WATER MASSES HAVING
TEMPERATURE ABOVE AND BELOW 4 DEGREE C. THE WATERS INJECTED INTO THE
MAIN BODY EPILIMNION BY ROTATION OF 4 DEGREE ISOTHERM SUPPORT HIGH
PHYTOPLANKTON AND PRODUCE BLOOMS AFTER THE THERMAL STRATIFICATION IS
COMPLETED. (SEE ALSO W71-04630) (WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-04638
156
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TRACE ELEMENT AND ORGANIC CARBON ACCUMULATION IN THE MOST RECENT SEDIMENTS OF
SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGANt
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYf URBANA.
N. F. SHIMPt J. A. SCHLEKHER, R. R. RUCH, D. B. HECKt AND H. V. LELAND.
ILLINOIS"GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES, NO 41, JANUARY 1971.
25 Pt 18 FIG, 3 TAB, 5 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *SEDIMENTS, *TRACE ELEMENTS, *CARBON, *LAKE
MICHIGAN, *DATA COLLECTIONS, SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CORES, CLAYS,
EVALUATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*RECENT SEDIMENTS, TABLES OF DATA.
ABSTRACT:
TRACE ELEMENTS WERE DETERMINED IN 21 GRAB SAMPLES AND IN SECTIONS OF 21
CORES COLLECTED FROM SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN. IN ALL, 119 SEDIMENT
SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR 13 TRACE ELEMENTS, ORGANIC CARBON, AND CLAY.
' BROMINE, CHROMIUM, COPPER, LEAD, AND ZINC ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE
UPPERMOST, OR RECENTLY DEPOSITED, PORTIONS OF ORGANIC-RICH,
FINE-GRAINED, SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN SEDIMENTS. HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF
THESE ELEMENTS CORRELATE MORE CLOSELY WITH THE AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC
CARBON PRESENT THAN WITH CLAY-SIZE MATERIAL, WATER DEPTH, IRON OXIDE,
OR MANGANESE OXIDE. OFF MAJOR RIVER MOUTHS, TRACE ELEMENTS HAVE
ACCUMULATED TO GREATER DEPTHS WITHIN THE SEDIMENTS IN DEEPER REGIONS OF
THE LAKE, WHICH IS PROBABLY A RESULT OF HIGH DEPOSITIONAL RATES
ASSOCIATED WITH THE RIVERS' LARGE SEDIMENT LOAD. TRACE ELEMENTS SHOWING
LITTLE OR NO ACCUMULATION IN THE RECENTLY DEPOSITED SEDIMENTS ARE
BERYLLIUM, BORON, COBALT, LANTHANUM, MANGANESE, NICKEL, SCANDIUM, AND
VANADIUM. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 02J, 02K
ACCESSION NO. W71-05064
157
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EFFECTS OF THERMAL DISCHARGES ON THE MASS ENERGY BALANCE OF LAKE MICHIGAN,
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB., ILL.
J. G. ASBURY.
JULY 1970. 24 P, 27 REF. ANL/ES-1.
DESCRIPTORS:
^THERMAL POLLUTION, *TEMPERATURE, EVAPORATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ENERGY
BUDGET, WATER BALANCE, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
THERMAL DISCHARGES, WIND SPEEDS, EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS, ADVECTIVE INPUT.
ABSTRACT:
THIS REPORT ANALYZES THE IMPACT OF MAN-MADE THERMAL DISCHARGES ON THE
MASS-ENERGY BALANCE OF LAKE MICHIGAN. THE ANALYTICAL METHOD USED IS A
GENERALIZED VERSION OF THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MODEL DEVELOPED BY EDINGER AND
GEYER FOR SMALL LAKES AND COOLING PONDS. THE GENERALIZED MODEL SHOULD
BE APPLICABLE TO LARGE BODIES OF WATER. LAND-BASED METEOROLOGICAL DATA
INPUT TO THE MODEL ARE CORRECTED FOR SYSTEMATIC LAKE-LAND VARIATION.
' THE LAKE-WIDE PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF THERMAL DISCHARGES INTO LAKE MICHIGAN
ARE NEGLIGIBLE AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE SO FOR THE REST OF THIS CENTURY.
THE CALCULATED ANNUAL AVERAGE INCREASE IN LAKE MICHIGAN WATER-SURFACE
TEMPERATURE IS 1.4+0.4X10 TO THE MINUS 3 F PER GIGAWATT OF ADVECTIVE
INPUT. THE ASSOCIATED INCREASE IN EVAPORATION WATER LOSS IS 9+2 CFS PER
GIGAWATT INPUT. THE MODEL HAS ALSO BEEN APPLIED TO LAKE SUPERIOR,
HORON, ERIE, AND ONTARIO. FOR EACH OF THESE LAKES, THE INCREASES IN
SURFACE TEMPERATURE ARE OF THE SAME ORDER AS FOR LAKE MICHIGAN.
(UPADHYAYA-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-05119
158
-------
AIRBORNE TEMPERATURE SURVEYS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, OCTOBER, 1966 AND 1967,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV; AND NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC
OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C.
V. E. NOBLE, AND J. C. WILKERSON.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, VOL 15, NO 2, MARCH 1970, P 289-296. 7 FIG, 6 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, ISOTHERMS, INFRARED RADIATION, *REMOTE SENSING,
^TEMPERATURE, LAKES, *WATER TEMPERATURE.
IDENTIFIERS:
*AIRBORNE TEMPERATURE SURVEYS, *THERMAL GRADIENT, SATELLITE DATA.
ABSTRACT:
LOW-ALTITUDE FLIGHTS TO MAP SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE WERE CARRIED OUT
OVER LAKE MICHIGAN ON 18 OCTOBER 1966 AND 25 OCTOBER 1967. DURING THE
1966 FLIGHT, A STRONG SURFACE WATER THERMAL GRADIENT <4.4C/6,000 M) WAS
OBSERVED. THIS GRADIENT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A DISTINCT COLOR CHANGE.
DYNAMIC HEIGHT CURRENTS COMPUTED FROM A BATHYTHERMOGRAPH TRANSECT
THROUGH THE GRADIENT INDICATED A NORTHWARD CURRENT OF THE ORDER OF
10-12 CM/SEC IN THE GRADIENT ZONE. THE THERMAL STRUCTURE PERSISTED FOR
A WEEK. A SIMILAR TEMPERATURE GRADIENT-COLOR SEPARATION-DYNAMIC HEIGHT
CURRENT FEATURE WAS OBSERVED DURING 1967. DATA FROM NIMBUS II
METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE FOR 7 SEPTEMBER AND 6 OCTOBER 1966 SHOW A
LARGE, WEAK STRUCTURE IN THE RADIATION TEMPERATURE PATTERNS THAT MIGHT
BE INTERPRETED AS PRECURSORS OF THE TEMPERATURE-CURRENT STRUCTURE. THIS
THERMAL STRUCTURE MIGHT BE A RECURRING SEASONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF LAKE
MICHIGAN. (UPADHYAYA-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 07B, 02H, 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-05120
159
-------
THERMAL EFFECTS STUDIES FOR PALISADES NUCLEAR PLANT,
CONSUMERS POWER CO., JACKSON, MICH.
JOHN Z. REYNOLDS, AND KENNETH A. SMARTS.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY VOL 13, NO 1, P 233, JULY 1970.
DESCRIPTORS:
*THERMAL POLLUTION, *AQUATIC LIFE, BENTHOS, PLANKTON, PERIPHYTON, FISH,
LAKE MICHIGAN, EUTROPHICATION, NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS, WATER POLLUTION
EFFECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
SAMPLING METHODS, PALISADES NUCLEAR PLANT.
ABSTRACT:
A BRIEF SUMMARY OF SURVEYS OF LAKE MICHIGAN AQUATIC ECOLOGY NEAR THE
PALISADES NUCLEAR PLANT IS PRESENTED. DATA FROM TWO YEARS OF
PREOPERATIONAL SURVEYS WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR CORRELATION WITH
CONDITIONS OBSERVED AFTER THE PLANT HAS BEEN OPERATING. EXTENT OF
SURVEYS AND SAMPLE METHODS ARE DESCRIBED. THE BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ARE
CONCENTRATED ON THE BENTHOS, PLANKTON, PERIPHYTON AND FISH.
(JONES-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05C, 06G
ACCESSION NO. W71-05137
160
-------
TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.; AND BUREAU OF
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES FISHERY LAB.
DAVID C. CHANDLER, AND GEORGE Y. HARRY.
PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7, 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT
LAKES RESEARCH, 1969. 923 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*CONFERENCES, *LIMNOLOGY, *GREAT LAKES, LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE HURON, LAKE
MICHIGAN, LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE ERIE, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS, SEDIMENTATION, SAMPLING, WATER QUALITY, WATER BALANCE, WATER
RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, WATER MANAGEMENTAPPLIED ) .
IDENTIFIERS:
GREAT LAKES RESEARCH CONFERENCE.
ABSTRACT:
THE TWELFTH CONFERENCE WAS HELD MAY 5-7, 1969, AT ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN,
' CO-HOSTED BY THE GREAT LAKES FISHERY LABORATORY OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES AND THE GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIVISION OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. EMPHASIS IN THE GENERAL SESSIONS WAS ON THE
RESOURCE VALUES OF THE GREAT LAKES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE NATIONAL
PROGRAM OF MARINE SCIENCE. AUTHORITIES AT THE REGIONAL AND NATIONAL
LEVELS FROM CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES WERE PARTICIPANTS IN THESE
GENERAL SESSIONS. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS COVERED THE USUAL SCIENTIFIC
DISCIPLINES IN ADDITION TO SPECIAL TOPICS SUCH AS: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
AND ECONOMICS; WATER MANAGEMENT; LIMNOLOGICAL ENGINEERING; AND PHYSICAL
LAKE MODELS. THE SYMPOSIA WERE ON QUATERNARY HISTORY OF THE GREAT LAKES
REGION, PESTICIDES AND THE GREAT LAKES, THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF
REMOTE SENSING TO GREAT LAKES PROBLEMS, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR STUDIES
IN PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY. (SEE ALSO W71-05562 THRU W71-05571)(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02J, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W71-05561
161
-------
GEOCHEMISTRY OF LAKE MICHIGAN MANGANESE NODULESt
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
RONALD ROSSMANN, AND EDWARD CALLENDER.
IN: PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7, 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT
LAKES RESEARCH, P 306-316, 1969. 11 P, 3 FIG, 6 TAB, 14 REF. FWOA GRANT
WP-00311 NSF GRANT GA 1337.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GEOCHEMISTRY, *MANGANESE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
PROVENANCE, WATER CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION, IRON,
SEDIMENTATION, SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACES, ORGANIC MATTER, LEACHING,
OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL, GREAT LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
GREEN BAY(LAKE MICHIGAN).
ABSTRACT:
MANGANESE NODULES, SIMILAR IN COMPOSITION TO OTHER FRESHWATER AND
SHALLOW MARINE NODULES, OCCUR ON THE SEDIMENT SURFACE OF GREEN BAY AND
NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN. SAMPLES HAVE BEEN ANALYZED FOR THEIR IRON,
MANGANESE, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, INORGANIC CARBON,
ORGANIC CARBON, AND TOTAL NITROGEN CONTENT. THE NODULES AVERAGE 201
IRON AND 6* MANGANESE. THE TRACE METAL CONTENT (COPPER, ZINC, COBALT,
AND NICKEL) OF THE SAMPLES IS CONSIDERABLY LOWER THAN THAT OF MARINE
MATERIAL. INTERSTITIAL WATER IS ONE OF THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS OF
MANGANESE AND IRON FOR THE GROWTH OF NODULES IN LAKE MICHIGAN. CORES OF
GREEN BAY SEDIMENT SHOW AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP. BETWEEN SEDIMENTARY AND
INTERSTITIAL MANGANESE WITH THE SEDIMENTARY MANGANESE INCREASING TO A
MAXIMUM AT OR NEAR THE SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE. SEDIMENTARY IRON
REMAINS FAIRLY CONSTANT THROUGHOUT THE LENGTH OF THESE CORES WHILE
INTERSTITIAL IRON DECREASES SLIGHTLY TOWARD THE SEDIMENT-WATER
INTERFACE. IN ADDITION, LAKE WATER MAY BE MORE THAN A PASSIVE
CONTRIBUTOR OF IRON AND MANGANESE. THERE ARE INDICATIONS THAT AS MUCH
AS ONE-HALF OF THE MANGANESE FOUND IN LAKE WATER IS PARTICULATE. THE
SOURCE OF THIS MATERIAL IS BELIEVED TO BE THE IRON DEPOSITS OF THE
CANADIAN SHIELD THAT HAVE BEEN SUBSEQUENTLY LEACHED OF MANGANESE AND
IRON. (SEE ALSO W71-05561) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02K
ACCESSION NO. W71-05563
162
-------
CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE MICHIGAN BOTTOM PROFILES AND SEDIMENTS FROM LAKESIDEf
MICHIGAN TO GARY, INDIANA,
ARMY COASTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER, WASHINGTON, D.C.
EUGENE F. HAWLEY, AND CHARLES W. JUDGE.
IN: PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7, 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT
LAKES RESEARCH, P 198-209, 1969. 12 P, 6 FIG, 21 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *INDIANA, *SAND BARS, BEACHES,
SANDS, WATER CIRCULATION, DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS, PROFILES,
CURRENTS(WATER), SEDIMENTATION, PROVENANCE, MINERALOGY, PARTICLE SIZE,
PARTICLE SHAPE, STRATIGRAPHY, EROSION, SCOUR, BEACH EROSION, GREAT
LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
BOTTOM PROFILESILAKE MICHIGAN).
ABSTRACT:
IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF LAKE LEVELS AND OTHER FACTORS ON
LITTORAL PROCESSES THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS' COASTAL
ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER IS STUDYING THE SOUTHEASTERN SHORE OF LAKE
MICHIGAN FROM LAKESIDE, MICHIGAN TO GARY, INDIANA, A DISTANCE OF 34 MI.
DURING 1966 AND 1967 HYDROGRAPHIC PROFILES AND APPROXIMATELY 500 SAND
SAMPLES WERE TAKEN AND ANALYZED. PROFILES IN THE STUDY AREA GENERALLY
EXHIBIT ONE OR TWO OFFSHORE BARS. SIMILAR BARS ALONG THIS SECTION OF
THE COAST HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED AS STABLE; HOWEVER, THIS STUDY
ILLUSTRATES SHIFTING FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT.. THE PROFILES ALSO
INDICATE THAT ACCCRETION IS PREDOMINANT IN THE STUDY AREA. BEACH AND
BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN THE STUDY AREA ARE GENERALLY SUBROUND QUARTZ SAND
OF VARIOUS BROWNISH TONES WITH APPROXIMATELY 3-5* METAMORPHIC
(RESISTATE) MINERALS; HOWEVER, SOME COARSE SEDIMENTS CONTAIN NEARLY
100% ROCK FRAGMENTS. AREALLY, SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION TRENDS FOLLOW THE
COASTLINE AND BATHYMETRY AND ARE STABLE FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT. IN
GENERAL, MEDIUM SAND PREDOMINATES ABOVE WATERLINE; THE COARSEST
MATERIAL OCCURS AT THE WATERLINE. OFFSHORE, MEDIUM AND FINE SANDS
OCCUR; FINE SAND IS PREDOMINANT. LITTORAL DRIFT IS TOWARD THE WSW. (SEE
ALSO W71-05561 ) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02J, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-05568
163
-------
1
\
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR SEDIMENTS, '.
MICHIGAN UNIV.f ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
EDWARD CALLENDER. '<
IN: PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7,' 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR G;REAT
LAKES RESEARCH, P 124-160, 1969. 37 P, 6 FIG, 10 TAB, 28 REF, 3 APPEND. NSF
GRANTS GA 1337 AND GA 4507. FWQA GRANT WP-00311.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *WATER CHEMISTRY,
*SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACES, CONNATE WATER, MINERALOGY, EQUILIBRIUM, ION
EXCHANGE, ION TRANSPORT, DIAGENESIS, GEOCHEMISTRY, OXIDATION-REDUCTION
POTENTIAL, IRON, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, MANGANESE,
CHLORIDES, SULFATES, SILICA, GREAT LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*SEDIMENTARY GEOCHEMISTRY.
ABSTRACT:
MORE THA'N 140 SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR WERE
ANALYZED FOR CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, IRON, MANGANESE, INORGANIC CARBON,
ORGANIC CARBON, AND TOTAL NITROGEN CONTENT. INTERSTITIAL WATER FROM
THESE SAME SAMPLES WAS ANALYZED FOR DISSOLVED CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM,
SODIUM, POTASSIUM, IRON, MANGANESE, CHLORIDE, SULFATE, AND SILICA
CONTENT. MOST OF THE SEDIMENTARY CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IS COMBINED IN
THE CARBONATE MINERALS CALCITE AND DOLOMITE. THE REMAINDER, ESPECIALLY
MAGNESIUM, IS ASSOCIATED WITH CLAY MINERALS. THE INSTABILITY OF
SEDIMENTARY CARBONATE MINERALS AFTER BURIAL IS.REFLECTED IN THE
SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF INTERSTITIAL CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM OVER LAKE
WATER CONCENTRATIONS. LAKE MICHIGAN INTERSTITIAL WATER IS SATURATED
WITH RESPECT TO CALCITE AND DOLOMITE WHILE FLUID FROM LAKE SUPERIOR
SEDIMENT APPROACHES SATURATION WITH CALCITE BUT IS UNDERSATURATED WITH
RESPECT TO DOLOMITE. INTERSTITIAL WATER FROM ALL LAKE SEDIMENTS IS IN
EQUILIBRIUM WITH KAOLINITE AND APPROACHES SATURATION WITH RESPECT TO
MONTMORILLONITE, CHLORITE, AND AMORPHOUS SILICA. ESSENTIALLY ALL
SEDIMENTARY MANGANESE ORIGINATES IN AUTHIGENIC HYDRATED OXIDES.
SEDIMENTARY IRON DOES NOT VARY APPRECIABLY WITH DEPTH IN THE SEDIMENT,
WHILE MANGANESE INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY NEAR THE SEDIMENT-WATER
INTERFACE. (SEE ALSO W71-05561)(KNAPP-USGS )
FIELD 02J, 02H, 02K
ACCESSION NO. W71-05570
164
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WISCONSIN V ILLINOIS (STATE OBLIGATION TO ASSIST CITY IN COMPLYING WITH COURT
DECREE).
289 US 395, 710t 53 SUP CT 671-678 (1933).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *DIVERSION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *CITIES, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN,
NEW YORK, RELATIVE RIGHTS, DIVERSION DAMS, DIVERSION LOSSES, LAKES,
STATE GOVERNMENTS, SEWAGE, SEWAGE TREATMENT, CANALS, LEGAL ASPECTS,
JUDICIAL DECISIONS, GOVERNMENTS, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, UNITED STATES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*CHICAGO.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF STATES OF WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN AND NEW YORK BROUGHT ACTION TO
COMPEL DEFENDANT ILLINOIS TO ASSIST CHICAGO IN CONSTRUCTION OF SEWAGE
TREATMENT FACILITIES TO REDUCE DIVERSION OF WATER FROM LAKE MICHIGAN.
THE MUNICIPALITY WAS FINANCIALLY UNABLE TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT.
DEFENDANT CONTENDED THAT CHICAGO WAS THE PRIME DEFENDANT IN THE
ORIGINAL DECREE WHICH HAD ORDERED CHICAGO TO CONSTRUCT A TREATMENT
PLANT TO ELIMINATE THE DIVERSION. THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
' OBSERVED THAT CHICAGO WAS AN INSTRUMENTALITY OF DEFENDANT, AND HENCE
DEFENDANT WAS RESPONSIBLE. DEFENDANT ALSO CONTENDED THAT CONGRESSIONAL
LEGISLATION PERMITTING DIVERSION FROM LAKE MICHIGAN CONFLICTED WITH THE
DECREE, BUT THE COURT HELD THAT THE STATUTE DID NOT AFFECT THE DECREE,
NOR DID POSSIBLE RESTORATION OF THE LAKE LEVEL THROUGH TREATY AND OTHER
LEGISLATION. DEFENDANT NEXT ASSERTED THAT, SINCE UNDER THE TERMS OF THE
DECREE DIVERSION WAS TO BE REDUCED GRADUALLY OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS,
THE DECREE HAD NOT YET BEEN VIOLATED AND THAT DEFENDANT WAS NOT BOUND
TO EXERCISE ITS POLICE POWER TO REDUCE THE DIVERSION. HOWEVER, THE
COURT OBSERVED THAT JURISDICTION HAD BEEN RETAINED. DEFENDANT WAS
ORDERED TO FURNISH FUNDS TO ENABLE CHICAGO TO COMPLY WITH THE DECREE.
(HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-05824
165
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A STUDY OF FRESHWATER SAND GRAIN SURFACES BY SCANNING ELECT RON MICROSCOPY,
ILLINOIS UNIV., URBANA. DEPT. OF GEOLOGY.
RONALD D. STIEGLITZ.
IN: PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7, 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT
LAKES RESEARCH, P 351-356, 1969. 6 P, 5 FIG, 13 REF. NSF GRANT GA-1239; PHS
GRANT PH-FR-07030.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SANDS, ^ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, *SEDIMENTS, *LAKES, *DUNES, LAKE
MICHIGAN, GREAT LAKES, SEDIMENTOLOGY, QUARTZ, MINERALOGY, STRATIGRAPHY,
PALEOLIMNOLOGY.
IDENTIFIERS:
^ELECTRON MICROSCOPES(SCANN ING ) .
ABSTRACT:
FIVE SAMPLES OF SAND FROM SEVERAL DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS WERE STUDIED
WITH THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. SAMPLES WERE TAKEN FROM A SMALL
LAKE IN DOOR COUNTY, WISCONSIN, LAKE MICHIGAN BEACHES, DUNES IN DOOR
COUNTY, AND THE INDIANA DUNES. ELABORATE SAMPLE PREPARATION IS NOT
NECESSARY, AND OBSERVATION OF SHAPE AND ROUNDING AS WELL AS VERY SMALL
TEXTURES IMPRINTED ON THE SURFACES ARE POSSIBLE. LARGE NUMBERS OF
GRAINS CAN BE ROUTINELY EXAMINED SO THAT MAJOR TEXTURES AND GRAIN TYPES
CAN BE EASILY LOCATED AND THEIR FREQUENCY MORE ACCURATELY ESTIMATED.
QUARTZ AS WELL AS OTHER MINERAL GRAINS WERE STUDIED. TEXTURES ARE
DISTINCTIVE AND ADD MUCH INFORMATION CONCERNING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
CONDITIONS IN THE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT. SEVERAL QUARTZ GRAINS WERE
ETCHED IN HYDROFLUORIC ACID FOR PERIODS OF 5 TO 15 MIN TO STUDY THE
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL ATTACK AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC CONTROL ON SURFACE
TEXTURES. (SEE ALSO W71-05561) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 07B, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W71-05887
166
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CURRENTS AT TWO NEAR-BY STATIONS IN LAKE MICHIGANf
SUMMER, 1967,
NORTHWESTERN UNIV., EVANSTON, ILL. DEPT. OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES; AND
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
G. E. BI.RCHFIELD, AND V. E. NOBLE.
IN: PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7, 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT
LAKES RESEARCH, P 529-539, 1969. 11 P, 8 FIG, A REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER), *WATER CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, SAMPLING,
CORRELATION ANALYSIS, CURRENT METERS, TRACKING TECHNIQUES, GAGING
STATIONS, WEATHER, WINDS, WAVES(WATER ), GREAT LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE CURRENTS.
ABSTRACT:
TWO ANCHORED BUOY STATIONS WERE PLACED 8 MI OFF SHEBOYGAN, WISCONSIN,
1/2 MI APART, IN APPROXIMATELY 100 M OF WATER. OBSERVATIONS OF CURRENTS
AT 5-MIN INTERVALS NEAR THE SURFACE AND 10 M WERE MADE FOR ABOUT 8
DAYS. REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF CURRENTS USING DROGUES WERE MADE DURING
THE INTERVAL; IN ADDITION DYNAMIC HEIGHT CURRENTS WERE ESTIMATED FROM.
BT SOUNDINGS MADE IN THE VICINITY OF THE STATIONS. FOR MOTIONS OF
TIME-SCALE LARGER THAN 10-12 HR, THE CURRENT METER DATA WERE CLOSELY
CORRELATED WITH ONE ANOTHER. FOR SHORTER PERIOD MOTIONS THE CURRENT
METER DATA WERE SERIOUSLY DISTORTED. DROGUE MEASUREMENTS WERE FAIRLY
CONSISTENT WITH THE CURRENT METERS, BUT TENDED JO SHOW MORE CONSISTENCY
AMONG THEMSELVES. DYNAMIC HEIGHT CURRENTS PROVED INADEQUATE. THE
COMPLEXITY OF COASTAL CURRENTS IS ILLUSTRATED WITH THE EXAMPLE OF
CURRENTS ASSOCIATED WITH TWO COLD-FRONTAL PASSAGES OVER THE LAKE. (SEE
ALSO W71-05561) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-05893
167
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VISUAL WAVE OBSERVATIONS ALONG THE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORE,
UNITED STATES LAKE SURVEY, DETROIT, MICH.
PAUL C. LIU, AND JOHN G. HOUSLEY.
IN: PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7, 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES
RESEARCH, P 608-621, 1969. 14 P, 12 FIG, 7 TAB, 5 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WAVES(WATER>, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *DATA COLLECTIONS, GREAT LAKES, FETCH,
FREQUENCY, WAVELENGTHS, MONITORING, ON-SITE DATA COLLECTIONS, STORMS,
WINDS, STATISTICS.
IDENTIFIERS:
U. S. COAST GUARD.
ABSTRACT:
A PROGRAM OF VISUAL OBSERVATIONS OF LAKE WAVES ALONG THE LAKE MICHIGAN
SHORE WAS CONDUCTED DURING THE AUTUMNS OF 1966 AND 1967. OBSERVERS AT
SEVEN COAST GUARD STATIONS PARTICIPATED IN THIS PROGRAM. OBSERVATIONS
WERE MADE FROM SHORE AT EACH STATION AT 4-HR INTERVALS DURING THE
PERIODS WHEN SMALL CRAFT OR STORM WARNINGS WERE DISPLAYED AND INCLUDED
WAVE HEIGHT, WAVE PERIOD, AND DIRECTION OF-WAVE APPROACH. THE MAJORITY
OF WAVE HEIGHTS OBSERVED ALONG THE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORE DURING THE STORM
CONDITIONS WERE OF THE ORDER OF 1 M, AND. HAVE PERIODS WERE MOSTLY
BETWEEN 3 AND 7 SEC. WHILE HIGHER WAVE HEIGHTS WERE REPORTED IN THE
NORTHERN PART OF THE LAKE, THE STATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN PART TENDED TO
REPORT LONGER WAVE PERIODS. AN AVERAGE OF 201 OF WAVES OBSERVED ON THE
EAST SHORE AND 7% OF THE WAVES OBSERVED ON THE WEST SHORE WERE OVER 2 M
IN HEIGHT. A STUDY OF THE JOINT DISTRIBUTIONS OF OBSERVED WAVE HEIGHT
AND WAVE PERIOD INDICATED THAT THE STEEPNESSES OF WAVES WERE GENERALLY
QUITE HIGH SOMETIMES EVEN EXCEEDING 1:10. (SEE ALSO W71-05561).
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-05899
168
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DIURNAL CHANGES IN STRATIFICATION AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE SURFACE WATERS OF
LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV., EAST LANSING. DEPT. OF BOTANY; AND NORTH CAROLINA
UNIV., CHAPEL HILL. DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY.
BRUCE A.. MANNY, AND CHARLES A. S. HALL.
IN: PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MAY 5-7, 1969,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT
LAKES RESEARCH, P 622-634, 1969. 13 P, 7 FIG, 2 TAB, 35 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^DISSOLVED OXYGEN, *THERMAL STRATIFICATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *DIURNAL
DISTRIBUTION, RESPIRATION, PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN, ALGAE, PLANKTON,
LIMNOLOGY, GREAT LAKES, WATER CIRCULATION, MIXING, DATA COLLECTIONS,
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY.
IDENTIFIERS:
DIURNAL DO CHANGES.
ABSTRACT:
' FIR.ST ESTIMATES OF GROSS COMMUNITY PRODUCTION (23.7 G OF 02 PER SQ M
PER DAY) AND RESPIRATION (26.4 G OF 02 PER SQ M PER DAY) FOR LAKE
MICHIGAN WERE OBTAINED BY THE DIURNAL OXYGEN CURVE METHOD AT TWO
INSHORE STATIONS OFF GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN DURING A PERIOD OF HIGH
PLANKTON DENSITIES. DIURNAL TEMPERATURE CHANGES OF MORE THAN 3 DEG C IN
THE UPPER EPILIMNION RESULTED IN PARTIAL BREAKDOWN OF EPILIMNETIC
STRATIFICATION LEADING TO ESTABLISHMENT OF NOCTURNAL ISOTHERMY. SUCH
MARKED DIURNAL CHANGES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN INTERPRETING SURFACE
AND EPILIMNETIC TEMPERATURES BETWEEN STATIONS BECAUSE THE MAGNITUDE OF
DIURNAL TEMPERATURE VARIATION MAY EXCEED STATION TO STATION
VARIABILITY. EFFECTS OF WIND MIXING, INTERNAL STANDING WAVES AND
LATERAL AND VERTICAL TRANSPORT APPEARED IN THE DATA AND ARE DISCUSSED.
ALTHOUGH THESE FACTORS COULD NOT BE NEGLECTED IN LAKE MICHIGAN, THE
DIURNAL OXYGEN CURVE METHOD PERFORMED ADEQUATELY AND WARRANTS FURTHER
TRIALS ON THE GREAT LAKES. (SEE ALSO W71-05561). (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-05900
169
-------
PLANKTON DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
E. F. STOERMERf AND J. J. YANG. ;
COPY AVAILABLE FROM GPOt SOD, NO 167.13/4:18050DKC. 12/69, $2.00. ALSO
AVAILABLE FROM NTIS AS PB-198 087, MICROFICHE $0.95. WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES 18050DKC, 12/69, DEC 1969. 268 P, 65 REF, APPEND.
FWQA PROGRAM 18050 DKC.
DESCRIPTORS:
*PLANKTON, *DIATOMS, *LAKE
POLLUTION EFFECTS, PLANTS.
MICHIGAN, SAMPLING, POPULATION, WATER
IDENTIFIERS:
DIVERSITY
ESTIMATES.
ABSTRACT:
THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF LAKE
SEASONAL CYCLES, AND HISTORY
SPECIES ARE LISTED. ABSOLUTE
CONTRIBUTION TO DIVERSITY OF
AND
MICHIGAN PLANKTON DIATOM FLORA, THEIR
OF CHANGES WERE DETERMINED AND GENERA
RELATIVE FREQUENCY, AND
WERE COMPUTERIZED. OCCURRENCE
THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN
OF ONLY EXTREMELY OLIOGOTROPH 1C
FREQUENCY,
EACH TAXON
OF THE DIFFERENT ENTITIES WERE RECORDED:
WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS; CONST ITUTENTS
FLORAS, RAPIDLY REPLACED IN DISTURBED PORTIONS OF THE LAKE; THOSE MORE
TOLERANT OF CHANGING CONDITIONS BUT RAPIDLY REDUCED IN ABUNDANCE WITH
EXTENSIVE CHEMICALLY MEASURABLE CHANGES; OTHER ENTITIES SEEMINGLY
FAVORED BY SLIGHT INCREASES IN TROPHIC LEVEL, FLOURISHING IN MODERATELY
DISTURBED PORTIONS OF THE LAKE, BUT DECLINING WHEN POLLUTION INCREASES;
THOSE FORMERLY ABLE TO THRIVE ONLY IN NATURALLY. EUTROPHIC ESTUARIES AND
INSHORE AREAS, FAVORED BY INCREASING POLLUTION AND NOW FLOURISHING IN
HIGHLY DISTURBED OPEN LAKE AREAS; THE FINAL GENERAL GROUP OF DOMINANT
PLANKTON SPECIES INCLUDING THOSE TAXA, APPARENTLY NOT ABLE TO LIVE IN
THE ORIGINAL CONDITIONS OF LAKE MICHIGAN BUT INTRODUCED FOLLOWING
POLLUTION. ALL OF THE PLANKTON DIATOMS ASSOCIATED WITH EXTREME WATER
QUALITY DEGRADATION IN THE GREAT LAKES SYSTEM ARE NOW PRESENT IN LAKE
MICHIGAN, INDICATING CRITICAL POLLUTION LEVELS. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-05984
170
-------
WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN MICHIGAN«S PORTION OF THE
GREAT LAKES.
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION, LANSING.
EXCERPTED FROM CLEAN WATER...IT'S UP TO YOU. TYPESCRIPT, 10 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*MICHIGAN, *GREAT LAKES, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, *WATER POLLUTION
SOURCES, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, POLLUTION
SUPERIOR, WASTE
FEDERAL
_.... _ _ . ... ... IRRIGATION
EFFECTS, RUNOFF, ACID MINE WATER, SEDIMENTS, ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT,
EUTROPHICATION.
SOURCES, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPM
ABATEMENT, LAKE ERIE, LAKE HURON, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE SU
TREATMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, STATE GOVERNMENTS, Fl
GOVERNMENT, THERMAL POLLUTION, STORM RUNOFF, OIL, SHIPS,
ABSTRACT:
A SURVEY OF WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS OF THE GREAT LAKES SURROUNDING
MICHIGAN SHOWS THAT THE LAKES ARE OF HIGH QUALITY AND RELATIVELY
UNPOLLUTED, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF LAKE ERIE AND PORTIONS OF LAKE
MICHIGAN. THE MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE IN
ANTI-POLLUTION EFFORTS, ESPECIALLY THROUGH VOLUNTARY POLLUTION
ABATEMENT. THE COMMISSION SPECIFIES RESTRICTIONS ON WASTE DISCHARGES,
AND A DEADLINE IS ESTABLISHED FOR MEETING THESE LIMITATIONS. WHERE
VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE IS INEFFECTIVE, THE COMMISSION DOES NOT HESITATE
IN SEEKING COURT ACTION OR PURSUING THE PENALTY PROVISIONS OF THE LAW.
A SURVEY IS MADE OF VARIOUS ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCES CALLED BY THE
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. THE TOP PRIORITY POLLUTION PROBLEMS
REQUIRING DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED CONTROL TECHNIQUES INCLUDE: (1)
THERMAL POLLUTION FROM POWER PLANTS AND INDUSTRY; (2) STORM WATER
OVERFLOWS WHICH BYPASS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS;. (3) OIL SPILLS; (4)
VESSEL POLLUTION IN HARBORS AND HEAVILY USED WATERWAYS; (5) IRRIGATION
POLLUTION RESULTING IN CONCENTRATED SALTS AND MINERALS; (6)
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; (7) ACID MINE DRAINAGE; (8) INCREASE IN SEDIMENT
VOLUMES; (9) DESTRUCTION OF ESTUARIES BY POLLUTION, DREDGING, AND
FILLING; AND (10) EUTROPHICATION BY ADDITION OF EXCESSIVE NUTRIENTS. A
BRIEF SURVEY OF WASTE TREATMENT METHODS IS INCLUDED.
(SMILJANICH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-06053
171
-------
A CASE STUDY OF COASTAL CURRENTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN,
NORTHWESTERN UNIV., EVANSTON, ILL. TECHNOLOGICAL INST.
G. E. BIRCHFIELD, AND DANIEL R. DAVIDSON.
PROCEEDINGS, TENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, TORONTO, CANADA, 1967:
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 264-273, 1967. 10 P,
7 FIG, 11 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*CURRENTS(WATER ), *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WINDS, *CURRENT METERS, ^STATISTICAL
METHODS, ON-SITE INVESTIGATIONS, EDDIES, FLOW RATES, MOVEMENT, WIND
VELOCITY, TEMPERATURE, WATER CIRCULATION, COSTS, METHODOLOGY, STATIONS,
CLIMATOLOGY.
IDENTIFIERS:
*STATISTICAL ANALYSIS(W INDS AND CURRENTS).
ABSTRACT:
A STATISTICAL STUDY OF WINDS AND CURRENTS IS MADE FOR TWO ADJACENT BUOY
STATIONS NEAR SHORE IN THE SOUTHERN BASIN OF LAKE MICHIGAN FOR THE LATE
SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1963. WEEKLY MEAN CURRENTS AND VECTOR VARIANCES,
18-HOUR MEAN CURRENTS AND TRANSPORTS, VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE SPECTRA
ARE CALCULATED FOR THE EPISODE. A BROAD SOUTHERLY LONG SHORE BAROCLINIC
COASTAL CURRENT PERSISTED FOR A NUMBER OF WEEKS IN THE FIRST PART OF
THE EPISODE; THE CURRENT SHOWS NO CORRELATION WITH THE WIND DIRECTION,
AND LITTLE WITH THE WIND SPEED. IN THE LATTER PART OF THE EPISODE
MAXIMUM SPEEDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A MORE NARROW INSHORE, BAROTROPIC
COASTAL CURRENT, WHICH IS CLOSELY CORRELATED WITH THE WIND FIELD. THE
CURRENTS AT THE STATION FARTHEST OFFSHORE EXHIBJT VERY LARGE AMPLITUDE
OSCILLATIONS NEAR THE INERTIAL PERIOD, IN THE FIRST PART OF THE EPISODE
STUDIED. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-06174
172
-------
WATER RESOURCES OF RACINE AND KENOSHA COUNTIESf SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSINt
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D.C.
RICHARD D. HUTCHINSON.
FOR SALE BY SOD, US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, DC 20402, $1.25.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1878, 1970. 63 P, 20 FIG, 4 PLATE, 11
TAB, 89 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSIN, *WATER RESOURCES, *GROUNDWATER,"*AOUIFERS, *SURFACE WATERS,
LAKE MICHIGAN, STREAMS, STREAMFLOW, LAKES, WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS,
WETLANDS, HYDROLOGIC BUDGET, WATER UTILIZATION, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE,
GROUNDWATER MOVEMENT, FLOODS, WATER QUALITY, URBANIZATION, SURVEYS,
WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT.
IDENTIFIERS:
INLAND LAKES, GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE.
ABSTRACT:
URBANIZATION AND CHANGES IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN RACINE AND KENOSHA
COUNTIES ARE INCREASING THE NEED FOR WATER-RESOURCES INFORMATION USEFUL
FOR PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. LAKE MICHIGAN ASSURES THE URBANIZED AREA
IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE TWO COUNTIES OF A NEARLY INEXHAUSTIBLE WATER
SUPPLY. IN 1967 THE CITIES OF RACINE AND KENOSHA PUMPED 32.6 MGD
(MILLION GALLONS PER DAY) FROM THE LAKE. DISCHARGE FROM RACINE AND
KENOSHA COUNTIES INTO LAKE MICHIGAN IS LOW AND HAS LITTLE EFFECT ON THE
LAKE. THE ROOT AND PIKE RIVERS AND A NUMBER OF SMALLER STREAMS
CONTRIBUTE A MEAN FLOW OF ABOUT 125 CFS (CUBIC FEET PER SECOND) TO THE
LAKE. GROUNDWATER, APPROXIMATELY 5 CFS, ENTERS .THE LAKE AS DISCHARGE
FROM SPRINGS OR AS SEEPS. THIRTY-FIVE OF THE 43 LAKES IN THE AREA ARE
THE VISIBLE PARTS OF THE GROUNDWATER TABLE, AND THEIR STAGES FLUCTUATE
WITH CHANGES IN GROUNDWATER LEVELS. THE REST OF THE LAKES ARE PERCHED
ABOVE THE GROUNDWATER TABLE. THE SANDSTONE AQUIFER, A MAJOR ARTESIAN
RESERVOIR UNDERLYING ALL OF RACINE AND KENOSHA COUNTIES, IS USED AS A
WATER SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIES, INSTITUTIONS, AND THREE COMMUNITIES.
PUMPAGE FOR THESE USES WAS ABOUT 3.3 MGD IN 1967. THE NIAGARA DOLOMITE
'IS THE PRINCIPAL SHALLOW AQUIFER IN THE AREA. IN 1967 PUMPAGE FROM THIS
AQUIFER FOR SMALL COMMUNITY, DOMESTIC, STOCK, IRRIGATION, AND
INDUSTRIAL USES WAS ABOUT 6.8 MGD. A WATER BUDGET INDICATES THAT, OF
THE 32 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION THAT THE AREA ANNUALLY RECEIVES, ABOUT 7
INCHES RUNS OFF, AND ABOUT 25 INCHES RETURNS TO THE AIR AS
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION. (JOSEFSON-USGS)
FIELD 02E, 02F
ACCESSION NO. W71-06696
173
-------
FUTURE DEMANDS ON GROUNDWATER IN NORTHEASTERN ILLINOISt
ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEYt URBANA.
RICHARD J. SCHICHT, AND ALLEN F. MOENCH.
GROUNDWA.TERt VOL 9, NO 2, P 21-28, MARCH-APRIL 1971. 8 P, 7 FIG, 3 TAB, 11
REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER DEMAND, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, *GROUNDWATER, *ILLINOIS,
WATER BALANCE, URBANIZATION, CITIES, WITHDRAWAL, WATER UTILIZATION,
WATER YIELD, RECHARGE, WATER SOURCES, LAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
*URBAN WATER SUPPLY, *CHICAGO(ILLINOIS).
ABSTRACT:
FUTURE WATER DEMANDS WERE ESTIMATED FOR EACH 10-YEAR INTERVAL FROM 1980
TO 2020 FOR AREAS IN THE CHICAGO REGION DEPENDENT UPON GROUNDWATER AS A
SOURCE OF SUPPLY. DEMANDS WERE COMPARED WITH GROUNDWATER AVAILABILITY
TO DEFINE WATER DEFICIENT AREAS. TWO APPROACHES WERE CONSIDERED IN
' DEVELOPING THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE. THE FIRST APPROACH LIMITS
GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWALS TO THE MAXIMUM RATE OF NATURAL GROUNDWATER
RECHARGE THAT CAN BE INDUCED BY PUMPING. THE SECOND APPROACH ALLOWS
WITHDRAWALS TO EXCEED NATURAL RECHARGE. WHEN LIMITING GROUNDWATER
WITHDRAWALS TO RECHARGE A LARGE PART OF THE REGION WILL REQUIRE
IMPORTATION OF WATER BY AS EARLY AS 1980. WITH PROPER PUMPAGE
DISTRIBUTION IT IS CONCEIVABLE THAT THERE IS SUFFICIENT WATER THAT CAN
BE WITHDRAWN (MINED) IN EXCESS OF NATURAL RECHARGE TO MEET DEMANDS
THROUGH THE YEAR 2020. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 060, 02F
ACCESSION NO. W71-07004
174
-------
DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN UNCONSOLIDATEO SEDIMENTS FROM SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYf URBANA.
E. JOYCE KENNEDY, R. R. RUCH, AND N. F. SHIMP.
ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES, NO 44, MAR 1971. 18
P, 13 FIG, 2 TAB, 13 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *HEAVY METALS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, DATA
COLLECTIONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*MERCURY.
ABSTRACT:
THE MERCURY CONTENT OF 132 UNCONSOLI DATED SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM 31
SAMPLING STATIONS IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN WAS DETERMINED BY A
RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUE. IN THE DEEP CENTRAL PORTION OF THE
SOUTHERN PART OF THE LAKE AND IN AREAS WEST OF BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN,
AND SOUTHWEST OF GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN, MERCURY HAD ACCUMULATED (0.1 TO
0.4. PART PER MILLION) IN THE UPPERMOST SEDIMENT LAYERS. A BASE LEVEL OF
0*03 TO 0.06 PPM MERCURY WAS FOUND AT DEPTH IN THE CORES. IN SANDY
AREAS ALONG THE SOUTHERN AND SOUTHWESTERN SHORES NO ACCUMULATION OF
MERCURY WAS APPARENT NEAR THE SURFACE OF THE SEDIMENTS; AN ACCUMULATION
AT A LOWER INTERVAL IN THESE AREAS IS BELIEVED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH
THE PRESENCE OF METAL SULFIDES. MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS IN THE
SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE SAMPLES EVIDENTLY VARY WITH THE ORGANIC CARBON
AND TOTAL SULFUR CONCENTRATIONS OF THE SAMPLES. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 05B, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-07286
175
-------
SECOND SESSION OF THE CONFERENCE ON THE MATTER OF POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN
AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN.
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SESSION, CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN
AND ITS TRIBUTARY BASIN, ILLINOIS, INDIANA, MICHIGAN, AND WISCONSIN, HELD
FEB 25, 1969 AT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. VOL 1: 364 P, 13 FIG, 8 TAB, 12 APPEND;
VOL 2: P 365-968, 1969. 20 FIG, 14 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
^CONFERENCE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, ^PHOSPHORUS,
*WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, TRIBUTARIES, MUNICIPAL WASTES, INDUSTRIAL
WASTES, WASTE TREATMENT, NUCLEAR WASTES, THERMAL POLLUTION, SHIPS,
CHLORINATION, DREDGING, SEDIMENTS, SOIL EROSION, OIL, PHENOLS, ELECTRIC
POWERPLANTS, INSECTICIDES, AGRICULTURE, FLOOD PLAIN ZONING, REGULATION,
MONITORING, HARBORS, BEACHES, WATERSHEDS(BASINS ), PATHOGENIC BACTERIA.
IDENTIFIERS:
WATERCRAFT WASTES, ALEWIFE, OIL SPILLS.
ABSTRACT:
THE SECOND SESSION OF THE 1969 CONFERENCE ON THE POLLUTION OF LAKE
MICHIGAN HEARD REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS, MICHIGAN,
INDIANA, ILLINOIS, WISCONSIN, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FWPCA, THE 5TH
ARMY, AND NAVY ON PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS TO WATER POLLUTION, TREATMENT,
AND ELIMINATION, INCLUDING DREDGINGS, DISINFECTION, CHLORINE RESIDUES,
MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT, SOIL EROSION, FLOOD
PLAIN CONTROL, ECONOMICS, STORM AND WASTE WATER SEWERAGE, DIVERSION,
INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES, FEDERAL-STATE
CONCURRENT JURISDICTION, SAMPLING, MONITORING, .WATERCRAFT AND SHIPPING
WASTES; POLLUTION OF MARINAS AND BEACHES, LAW FORMULATION AND
ENFORCEMENT, SHORE DISPOSAL FACILITIES, INSECTICIDES, INTERSTATE
STANDARDS, PROGRAMS FOR REDUCING SEDIMENT POLLUTION AND EROSION DAMAGE.
ALSO OUTLINED WERE WASTE CONTROL AND TREATMENT IN FEDERAL INSTALLATIONS
AND SHIPBOARD DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, UNIFORM REGULATIONS ON -WATERCRAFT
WASTES, NUCLEAR PLANT WASTES, AND THERMAL POLLUTION STANDARDS, STATE
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS, UTILIZATION OF THERMAL WATER, AND ALEWIFE
DIE-OFF. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT AN AVERAGE 80% REDUCTION OF PHOSPHORUS
LOADINGS INTO LAKE MICHIGAN CAN BE ACHIEVED BY 1972. (AUEN-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-07361
176
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CONDENSER WATER DISCHARGE IN SOUTHWEST LAKE MICHIGAN,
BIO-TEST LABS., INC., NORTHBROOK, ILL.
LAWRENCE P. BEER,.
PROCEEDINGS OF TWELFTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, MICHIGAN
UNIVERSITY, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, P 504-512, MAY 5-7, 1969. 3 FIG, 8 TAB, 2
REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^THERMAL POLLUTION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *TEMPERATURE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN,
ISOTHERMS, *COOLING WATER, SPORT FISH, PLANKTON, STRATIFICATION, WATER
POLLUTION EFFECTS, GREAT LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
HEAT DISSIPATION.
ABSTRACT:
A STUDY OF HEAT DISSIPATION RATES AND PATTERNS, BOTTOM AND LAKE
ORGANISMS, AND CHEMISTRY OF LAKE WATERS WAS MADE AT THE OUTFALL OF
COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY'S WAUKEGAN GENERATING STATION. HEAT INPUT
FROM THE 760,000 GPM FLOW WITH A CONDENSER WATER RISE OF 12F, IS
DISSIPATED 3200 FT. OFFSHORE. AT ONLY 1500 FT. OFFSHORE, HEAT IS
DISSIPATED TO WITHIN 2-3F OF AMBIENT. CONDENSER WATER MIXES WITH LAKE
WATER IN SHALLOW DEPTHS NEAR SHORE AND FLOATS ON THE SURFACE OF DEEPER
COOLER WATER. DISSOLVED OXYGEN REMAINED UNCHANGED IN THE OFFSHORE AREA
AT NEAR SATURATION LEVELS OF 11.0 TO 11.5 MG PER LITER. BENTHIC OR
BOTTOM-LIVING ORGANISMS VITAL TO THE FOOD CHAIN OF COMMERCIAL AND SPORT
FISH HAVE NOT BEEN ELIMINATED BY DISCHARGE FROM THE STATION. PLANKTON
COUNTS DO NOT INDICATE ANY DEFINITE EFFECT FROM. THE HEATED DISCHARGE.
SPORT FISH, INCLUDING TROUT AND COHO SALMON WHICH FREQUENT THE WATER
NEAR THE DISCHARGE, HAVE NOT APPARENTLY SUFFERED ANY DELETERIOUS
EFFECT. THE STUDY TOOK PLACE IN THREE DAYS IN APRIL.
(UPADHYAYA-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-07667
177
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INSECTICIDES AND THE GREAT LAKESt
BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, ANN ARBOR, MICH. GREAT LAKES FISHERY LAB.
ROBERT E. REINERT.
LIMNOS M.AGAZINE, (GREAT LAKES FOUNDATION), VOL 2, NO 3, P 4-9, 1969. 2 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DDT, CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES, *PESTICIDE RESIDUES,
PESTICIDE TOXICITY, *GREAT LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN, *PUBLIC HEALTH, GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY, PESTICIDE REMOVAL, *ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, DIELDRIN,
WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, FISHERIES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*COHO SALMON, LONG-TERM EFFECTS, *DDT BODILY DISTRIBUTION.
ABSTRACT:
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DDT PROBLEM IN THE GREAT LAKES IS PRESENTED. THE
ANALYSIS OF COHO SALMON FOR INSECTICIDES IS DESCRIBED, AS IS THE DDT
DISTRIBUTION IN LAKE MICHIGAN COHO. ABDOMINAL ADIPOSE TISSUE CONTAINED
92.33 PPM DDT, BELLY FAT 69.66 PPM, DORSAL MEDIAN FAT 62.82 PPM,
LATERAL LINE FAT 34.31 PPM, AND FLESH 5.66 PPM. THE POSSIBLE
IMPLICATIONS OF THE DDT LADEN FISH ON HUMAN HEALTH ARE DISCUSSED.
(SJOLSETH-WASHINGTON)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-07690
178
-------
A PRELIMINARY 'LEAST COST' STUDY OF FUTURE GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT IN
NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS,
ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY, URBANA, ILL.
A. F. MOENCH, AND A. P. VISOCKY.
STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION, SPRINGFIELD,
CIRCULAR 102, 1971. 19 P, 4 FIG, 3 TAB, 10 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER MANAGEMENT(APPLIED), *WATER SUPPLY, *WATER COSTS, *COST
ANALYSIS, *AOUIFERS, WATER SOURCES, WATER DEMAND, PUMPING, WATER
PURIFICATION, WATER TREATMENT, MUNICIPAL WATER, WATER REQUIREMENTS,
COSTS, ILLINOIS, LAKE MICHIGAN, SIMULATION ANALYSIS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS, *GROUNDWATER COSTS.
ABSTRACT:
AN ESTIMATE WAS MADE OF THE AVERAGE COST OF PRODUCING GROUNDWATER IN
NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS AND TO TREAT IT TO MAKE IT COMPARABLE IN QUALITY
' WITH TREATED LAKE MICHIGAN WATER. A DIGITAL SIMULATION MODEL WAS USED.
THE COST OF RAW AND TREATED GROUNDWATER PRODUCED IN QUANTITIES
SUFFICIENT, IN MOST CASES, TO MEET THE PROJECTED DEMAND TO 2020 WAS
ESTIMATED FOR EACH TOWNSHIP IN THE SIX-COUNTY AREA. THREE SOURCES OF
GROUNDWATER WERE CONSIDERED: THE SHALLOW.SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFERS, THE
SHALLOW DOLOMITE AQUIFERS, AND THE DEEP SANDSTONE AQUIFERS. UNIT COSTS
OF WELLS, PUMPS, AND REHABILITATION WERE OBTAINED FOR EACH AQUIFER IN
EACH TOWNSHIP. THESE INCLUDED BOTH AMORTIZED CAPITAL COSTS AND
OPERATION-MAINTENANCE-REPAIR COSTS (IN 1970 DOLLARS). THE COSTS OF
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION TO CONSUMERS WERE NOT CONSIDERED. RESULTS
SHOWED THAT RAW WATER VARIED IN COST FROM AS LITTLE AS 2 CENTS PER 1000
GALLONS TO AS MUCH AS 14 CENTS PER 1000 GALLONS DEPENDING UPON THE
DEPTH TO THE DEEP SANDSTONE WATER. THE UNIT COST OF TREATED WATER
VARIED FROM 22 TO 53 CENTS PER 1000 GALLONS, THE LOWER COSTS APPLYING
TO THE LARGEST USERS BECAUSE OF THE ECONOMY OF SCALE IN TREATMENT. ALSO
BECAUSE OF THIS ECONOMY OF SCALE, THE COST OF TREATED WATER TENDED TO
DECREASE WITH TIME; THE COST OF RAW WATER INCREASED WITH TIME. FOURTEEN
TOWNSHIPS WERE FOUND TO BE DEFICIENT IN GROUNDWATER IN 2020, BY A TOTAL
OF 147 MILLION GALLONS PER DAY, AND WILL HAVE TO FIND ALTERNATIVE
SOURCES. (POERTNER)
FIELD 04B, 05F
ACCESSION NO. W71-08123
179
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TRANSFORMATIONS OF BREAKING WAVE CHARACTERISTICS OVER A SUBMARINE BAR,
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV., EAST LANSING. DEPT. OF GEOLOGY.
WILLIAM L. WOOD, JR.
AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE AS AD-718 904,
$3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.95 IN MICROFICHE. DEPT. OF GEOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT
NO 4, DEC 1970. 116 P. ONR 388-089.
DESCRIPTORS:
*BEACHES, *OCEAN WAVES, *LAKES, *BEACH EROSION, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE
BEDS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE WAVES, WAVE FUNCTIONS, OCEAN BOTTOM, GREAT LAKES, SUBMARINE BARS.
ABSTRACT:
THE EFFECT OF A SUBMARINE BAR ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF BREAKING WAVE
CHARACTERISTICS IS TO CREATE A FILTER ON WAVE CELERITY AND LENGTH. THE
DEGREE OF FILTERING IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE INTENSITY OF WAVE
BREAKING. THE FILTERING EFFECT OF THE SUBMARINE BAR SUGGESTS THAT THIS
IS THE REASON FOR BETTER AGREEMENT BETWEEN OBSERVED WAVE PARAMETERS AND
THEORY IN THE REFORMING ZONE SHOREWARD OF THE SUBMARINE BAR. THE ROLE
OF TURBULENCE OF FLOW INDUCED BY BREAKING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR
IN WAVE HEIGHT ATTENUATION SHOREWARD OF THE SUBMARINE BAR. AS A RESULT
THEORETICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR SHALLOW WATER WAVE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE
NEARSHORE ZONE MUST TAKE TURBULENT DISSIPATION INTO CONSIDERATION AS A
MAJOR FACTOR.
FIELD 08B
ACCESSION NO. W71-08169
180
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ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON POWER OPERATIONt
AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER SERVICE CORP., NEW YORK.
JOHN TILLINGHAST.
IN: ELECTRIC POWER AND THERMAL DISCHARGES; THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC POWER. GORDON AND BREACH, NEW YORK, P 281-294, 1971.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER LAW, *REGULAT IONS, *THERMAL POWERPLANTS, *THERMAL POLLUTION,
COOLING, HEAT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, STANDARDS,
NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, OHIO RIVER.
ABSTRACT:
DUE TO LOW ELECTRIC GENERATION EFFICIENCIES, UP TO 75% OF THE POTENTIAL
CHEMICAL ENERGY FAILS TO BE CONVERTED TO ELECTRICITY AND MUST BE
REJECTED TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE FORM OF HEAT. PUBLIC OPINION CANNOT
EXPECT POWER SYSTEMS TO BE ABLE TO ADJUST THEIR OPERATION TO
LIMITATIONS WHICH ARE IMPOSED BY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS UNLESS THEY
ARE DESIGNED TO DO SO. ATTEMPTS TO CONFORM OPERATION TO THESE
LIMITATIONS WILL RESULT IN COMPROMISES WHICH, TAKEN ON THE WHOLE, ARE
' MORE DETRIMENTAL THAN THEY ARE BENEFICIAL TO THE ENVIRONMENT. IN
DEVELOPING REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS MUST BE SUBJECTED
TO THE SAME STANDARDS AND SCRUTINY WHICH WE REQUIRE OF ALL
TECHNOLOGIES. THEY MUST BE SUPPORTED BY EXPERIMENTAL DATA, NOT BE
CONJECTURE, AND THEIR ECONOMIC RAMIFICATIONS MUST BE CAREFULLY
CONSIDERED. (SEE ALSO W71-08298) (OLESZKIEWICZ-VANDERBILT)
FIELD 05G, 06E, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W71-08312
181
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MERCURY LEVELS IN FISH FROM SELECTED WISCONSIN WATERS (A PRELIMINARY REPORT),
WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NATURAL RESOURCES, MADISON.
STANTON J. KLEINERT, AND PAUL E. DEGURSE.
RESEARCH.REPORT 73, 1971. 16 P, 1 FIG, 3 TAB, 15 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*HEAVY METALS, *STREAM POLLUTION, *PATH OF POLLUTANTS, *PUBLIC HEALTH,
WISCONSIN, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, WATER
POLLUTIONEFFECTS, PULP WASTES, CHEMICAL WASTES, WALLEYE, SUCKERS,
CATFISHES, SUNFISHES, YELLOW PERCH, FISH, FISH PHYSIOLOGY, LAKE
MICHIGAN, LAKE SUPERIOR, MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
IDENTIFIERS:
*MERCURY POLLUTION, *BIOCONCENTRATION, CONCENTRATION, MERCURY, REDHORSE
FISH, CRAPPIE, GREEN BAY WISCONSIN.
ABSTRACT:
MERCURY DETERMINATIONS WERE MADE ON FISH FILET SAMPLES FROM THROUGHOUT
WISCONSIN AND FROM WISCONSIN'S BOUNDARY WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, GREEN
' BAY, LAKE SUPERIOR AND THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. ALL WISCONSIN FISH
ANALYZED CONTAINED SOME MERCURY, WITH A RANGE OF 0.01 TO 0.60 PPM, AND
AN AVERAGE OF 0.19 PPM. THE HIGHEST MERCURY LEVELS, AVERAGING 0.80 PPM,
AND RANGING FROM 0.06 TO 4.62 PPM, OCCURRED IN FISH TAKEN FROM BELOW
PAPER MILLS AND FROM BELOW A MERCURY CELL CHLOR-ALKALI PLANT. DIFFERENT
SPECIES VARY IN MERCURY CONTENT, AND THE LARGER FISH OFTEN CONTAIN
HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS THAN DO SMALLER FISH OF THE SAME SPECIES TAKEN
FROM THE SAME WATER. WALLEYE, SUCKER, REDHORSE, CRAPPIE AND BULLHEAD
FREQUENTLY SHOWED HIGHER MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS, WHILE THE PANFISHES
SHOWED LOWER CONCENTRATIONS. IT IS ESSENTIAL, THEREFORE, THAT MERCURY
LEVELS IN ALL IMPORTANT SPECIES IN THE FISHERY BE DETERMINED BEFORE THE
POTENTIAL POLLUTION PROBLEM CAN BE ADEQUATELY ASSESSED.
(LEGORE-WASHINGTON)
FIELD 05C, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W71-08610
182
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THE ECOLOGY OF THE SECOND TROPHIC LEVEL IN LAKES SUPERIOR, MICHIGAN AND HURON,
MINNESOTA UNIV., MINNEAPOLIS. SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH.
W. R. SWAIN, T. A. OLSON, AND T. 0. ODLAUG.
AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE AS PB-199 938,
$3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.95 IN MICROFICHE. MINNESOTA WATER RESOURCES
RESEARCH CENTER, BULLETIN 26, OCT 1970. 151 P, 95 FIG, 43 TAB, 85 REF. OWRR
PROJECT A-Oll-MINN(lO).
DESCRIPTORS:
*TROPIC LEVEL, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE HURON, *PLANKTON,
ECOLOGY, ZOOPLANKTON, *EUTROPHICATION, ORGANISMS, AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
LIMNOLOGY, VERTICAL MIGRATION, BIOGEOGRAPHY, PHYTOPLANKTON, CRUSTACEANS,
IDENTIFIERS:
*CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER, MULTI-DEPTH PLANKTON INDICATOR, TWO-NET
TECHNIQUE, GRIT GAUZE, SILK BOLTING CLOTH.
ABSTRACT:
A SERIES OF LAKE-LONG TRANSECT TOWS WERE MADE WITH THE CONTINUOUS
PLANKTON RECORDER IN LAKES SUPERIOR, MICHIGAN AND HURON, 1966-68. ALL
TOWS WERE MADE AT TEN METERS DEPTH WITH EITHER NO. 60 MESH GRIT GAUZE
OR NO. 15 MESH SILK BOLTING CLOTH. INFORMATION WAS OBTAINED ON ORGANISM
DISTRIBUTION IN BOTH SPACE AND TIME. THE DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF
ECOLOGICALLY RELATED GROUPS IN PLANKTON INDICATE THE RELATIVE TROPIC
STATUS OF THE BODIES OF WATER SAMPLED. LAKE SUPERIOR IS THE MOST
OLIGOTROPHIC, LAKE HURON THE MOST EUTROPHIC AND LAKE MICHIGAN MORE
MESOTROPHIC. A MEAN OF 200 TO 300 ORGANISMS PER SECTION WAS SEEN IN
LAKE SUPERIOR; A RANGE OF 5,000 TO 6,000 ORGANISMS PER SECTION WAS SEEN
IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND FROM 20,000 TO 21,000 ORGANISMS WERE OBSERVED FROM
ONE YEAR TO ANOTHER AND FROM ONE SEASON TO ANOTHER. MARKED VARIATIONS
IN BOTH NUMBERS AND SPECIES OF ORGANISMS WERE EVIDENT IN THE LAKES.
LIMITATIONS OF THE CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER METHOD ARE DESCRIBED.
(WALTON-MINNESOTA)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-08665
183
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FEASIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF COOLING FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS NEAR LAKE
MICHIGAN.
FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION, CORVALLISt OREG. PACIFIC NORTHWEST
WATER LAB.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION,' AUG 1970.
112 P, 4 FIG, 38 TAB, 73 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*FEASIBILITY STUDIES, *WATER COOLING, ^THERMAL POWERPLANTS, *LAKE
MICHIGAN, ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, PONDS, CANALS, CONDENSATION, COOLING TOWERS, EVAPORATION,
COSTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*WASTE HEAT, COOLING SYSTEMS.
ABSTRACT:
THE FEASIBILITY WAS EVALUATED OF DISSIPATING WASTE HEAT FROM THERMAL
POWER PLANTS LOCATED NEAR LAKE MICHIGAN. CONSIDERATION WAS GIVEN TO THE
FOLLOWING METHODS: EVAPORATIVE TOWERS WITH EITHER MECHANICAL OR NATURAL
DRA.FT, COOLING PONDS, SPRAY COOLING CANALS, AND DRY COOLING TOWERS WITH
EITHER NATURAL OR MECHANICAL DRAFT. THE STUDY AREA, LAKE MICHIGAN, WAS
SUBDIVIDED INTO FOUR SECTIONS TO COMPENSATE FOR THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS. THE ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICALi ECONOMIC, ENGINEERING, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS INDICATED THAT ANY. OF THE INVESTIGATED COOLING
SYSTEMS ARE FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES FOR POWER PLANTS ON LAKE MICHIGAN.
THE MAXIMUM ECONOMIC PENALTY OF 9-10% WAS FOR DRY TOWERS, WHEREAS THE
MINIMUM OF ABOUT ISFOR COOLING PONDS AND SPRAY CANALS.
(WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 050
ACCESSION NO. W71-08680
184
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BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MILWAUKEE. CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES.
R. P. HOWMILLER, AND A. M. BEETON.
JOURNAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERATION, VOL 43, NO 1, P 123-133, 1971. 8
FIG, 2 TAB, 18 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
DEVALUATION, *BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES, *OLIGOCHAETES, WATER POLLUTION
SOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, SAMPLING,
EUTROPHICATION, BENTHIC FAUNA, NEMATODES, AMPHIPODA, CLAMS, ISOPODS,
SNAILS, MIDGES, CADDISFLIES, TUBIFICIDS, LAKE MICHIGAN, MAYFLIES,
INVERTEBRATES, DIPTERA, LARVAE, WISCONSIN.
IDENTIFIERS:
*GREEN BAY(WIS), FOX RIVER(WIS), LUMBRICULI DAE, NAIDIDAE, LEECHES,
HEXAGENIA, SPHAERIIDAE.
ABSTRACT:
BENTHOS OF LOWER AND MIDDLE GREEN BAY (WISCONSIN) WERE SAMPLED IN MAY
1969 TO CORRESPOND WITH THE SAME DATE 17 YEARS EARLIER, USING THE SAME
STATIONS AND NEARLY IDENTICAL EQUIPMENT IN AN ATTEMPT TO ELIMINATE
DISCREPANCIES DUE TO DIFFERENT APPARATUS, METHODOLOGY AND SEASON OF
PAST STUDIES. IN 1952 OLIGOCHAETA ACCOUNTED FOR AN AVERAGE OF 66* OF
THE BENTHIC ORGANISMS FROM STATIONS 2 TO 10; IN 1969 AN AVERAGE OF 85*.
LEECHES WERE LESS ABUNDANT AND LESS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN 1969 THAN IN
1952. SNAILS OCCURRED AT TEN STATIONS IN 1952 BUT AT TWO IN 1969.
FINGERNAIL CLAMS WERE LESS ABUNDANT IN 1969 THAN IN 1952. WHILE NO
NAIAD CLAMS WERE REPORTED IN 1952, LAMPSILIS SI4.IQUOIDEA WAS FOUND AT
STATION 15 IN 1969. THE DISTRIBUTION OF AMPHIPODS, SIMILAR IN 1952 AND
1969, SHOWED MORE ABUNDANCE AND COMPRISED A LARGER POPULATION
PERCENTAGE IN 1952; HEXAGENIA HAS DISAPPEARED. THE MIDGES, POLLUTION
TOLERANT SECOND ONLY TO OLIGOCHAETA, DECREASED NEAR FOX RIVER MOUNTH,
INCREASED NORTH OF LON TAIL POINT, BUT DECREASED IN RELATIVE
IMPORTANCE. THUS BENETHIC INVERTEBRATES, OTHER THAN OLIGOCHAETA AND
CHIRONOMIDAE, WERE LESS ABUNDANT IN 1969 THAN 1952 SUGGESTING THAT THE
DETERIORATION OF THE BAY ENVIRONMENT IS CONTINUING. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-0917A
185
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DUMPING GROUND REGULATIONS (REGULATION OF DUMPING IN INTEREST OF NAVIGATION).
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONSt TITLE 33, CHAP 11, PART 205 (1970). 14 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*NAVIGABLE WATERS, *NAVIGATION, *WASTE DISPOSAL, *WASTE DUMPS, BODIES
OF.WATER, REGULATION, INSPECTION, PERMITS, STANDARDS, MONITORING,
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, ADMINISTRATION, WATER POLLUTION, PACIFIC
OCEAN, ATLANTIC OCEAN, NAVIGABLE RIVERS, GREAT LAKES, DREDGING, WASTES,
COSTS, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
ABSTRACT:
IN AN EFFORT TO CONTROL THE DUMPING OF WASTE MATERIALS INTO VARIOUS
NAVIGABLE BODIES OF WATER, THESE FEDERAL REGULATIONS DELINEATE: (1) THE
TYPES OF MATERIALS WHICH MAY BE DUMPED, (2) THE AREAS WHERE THEY MAY BE
DUMPED, (3) PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING PERMISSION TO DUMP WASTE
MATERIALS, AND (4) METHODS FOR REGULATING PERMISSIBLE DUMPING. BODIES
OF WATER COVERED BY THESE REGULATIONS INCLUDE: (1) NEW YORK HARBOR AND
ADJACENT WATERS; (2) THE CHESAPEAKE BAY OFF KENT ISLAND, MARYLAND; (3)
ASHLEY RIVER AND CHARLESTON HARBOR, SOUTH CAROLINA; (4) LAKE MICHIGAN
AROUND CHICAGO, ILLINOIS; (5) LAKE SUPERIOR IN MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN;
(6) THE WEST END OF LAKE ERIE; (7) VARIOUS APPROACHES TO BAYS AND
' RIVERS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN; AND (8) ENTRANCES TO SEAPORTS. THE PRIMARY
AIM OF THE REGULATIONS IS TO ASSURE UNHINDERED NAVIGATION IN THESE
WATERS, ALTHOUGH POLLUTION CONTROL APPEARS TO BE AN ADDITIONAL FACTOR.
IN ALL WATERS COVERED THE DUMPING OF FLOATABLE WASTES OR WASTES EASILY
TRANSPORTED BY CURRENTS IS PROHIBITED. IN MANY WATERS METALLIC OBJECTS
MAY NOT BE DUMPED. VARIOUS PROVISIONS PRESCRIBE METHODS OF OBTAINING
DUMPING PERMITS, SUPERVISORY CONTROL OF THE DUMPING, AND INSPECTION OF
DUMPING AREAS. (DUSS-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-09196
186
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SANITARY DIST OF CHICAGO V CHICAG PACKING CO (DISCHARGE OF STOCKYARD WASTE INTO
SEWAGE CHANNEL).
241 ILL APP 288-314 (1926).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS» *SEWAGE, *CHANNELS, *WASTE DISPOSAL, CITIES, ADMINISTRATIVE
AGENCIES, WASTE TREATMENT, SEWAGE TREATMENT, LAKE MICHIGAN, RIVERS,
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTE DILUTION, WASTE ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY,
SOLID WASTES, MUNICIPAL WASTES, LEGAL ASPECTS, JUDICIAL DECISIONS,
LEGISLATION.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF SANITARY DISTRICT SOUGHT TO ENJOIN DEFENDANT PACKING COMPANY
FROM DISCHARGING TRADE WASTES INTO PLAINTIFF'S SANITARY CHANNEL.
PLAINTIFF WAS ORGANIZED TO CONSTRUCT A CHANNEL TO DIVERT CHICAGO'S
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE INTO THE DES PLAINES RIVER, AWAY FROM CHICAGO'S LAKE
MICHIGAN WATER SUPPLY. PLAINTIFF CONTENDED THE LEGISLATION DID NOT
CONTEMPLATE DISCHARGE OF SOLID TRADE WASTES INTO THE CHANNEL ALONG WITH
SEWAGE AND THAT DEFENDANT'S TRADE WASTES WERE NOT DILUTED OR OXIDIZED
BY THE WATER, THEREFORE CREATING A MALODOROUS NUISANCE. DEFENDANT
CONTENDED THAT PLAINTIFF WAS REQUIRED BY THE APPLICABLE LEGISLATION TO
ACCEPT THEIR TRADE WASTES. THE ILLINOIS APPELLATE COURT FOUND THAT THE
LEGISLATION STATED THAT BEFORE SEWAGE WAS DISCHARGED, ALL GARBAGE, DEAD
ANIMALS, AND PARTS THEREOF SHOULD BE TAKEN THEREFROM. ACCORDINGLY, IT
HELD THAT DEFENDANTS COULD NOT DISCHARGE THEIR WASTES INTO THE CHANNEL.
DEFENDANT'S CONTENTION THAT PLAINTIFF HAD NO JURISDICTION OVER
CHICAGO'S SEWERS AND COULD NOT OBJECT THAT DEFENDANT DISCHARGED TRADE
WASTES INTO THEM'WAS REJECTED. (HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E, 05G
ACCESSION NO. W71-09245
187
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POLLUTION OF A MARINA AREA BY WATERCRAFT USE AS INDICATED BY COLIFORM AND
CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS,
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV., EAST LANSING. DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY; AND MICHIGAN STATE
UNIV., EAST LANSING. INST. OF WATER RESEARCH.
W. N. MACK, AND F. M. D'lTRI.
AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE AS PB-200 622,
$3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.95 IN MICROFICHE. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY PROJECT
COMPLETION REPORT, MAY 1971. 15 P, 2 FIG, 6 TAB, 10 REF. OWRR PROJECT
A-038-MICH (1).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, *B10 INDICATORS, *COLIFORMS, *MICHIGAN,
MARINAS, BOATS, DOCKS, HARBORS, INLAND WATERWAYS, LAKE MICHIGAN,
RECREATION, BOATING, WATER SPORTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
WATERCRAFT POLLUTION.
ABSTRACT:
SAMPLES OF WATER FROM A MARINA AREA IN MICHIGAN USED BY WATERCRAFT WERE
TESTED FOR THE NUMBER OF COLIFORM ORGANISMS. THERE WAS A SLIGHT
INCREASE IN THE COLIFORM MOST PROBABLE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS IN THE SLIPS
MOST FREQUENTLY USED BY THE YACHTS. OUTSIDE SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION
PROBABLY ADDED TO THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ORGANISMS PRESENT IN THE AREA.
ALTHOUGH AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS WAS RELATED TO THE
PRESENCE OF YACHTS IN THE MARINA, THE CONCENTRATION WAS FAR BELOW THE
STANDARD OF TOTAL BODY CONTACT AS ESTABLISHED BY THE WATER QUALITY
STANDARDS FOR MICHIGAN INTRASTATE WATERS. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER
SAMPLES TAKEN AT THE MARINA WERE ALL WITHIN THE NORMAL LIMITS FOR THE
SPECIFIC AREA. OTHER FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PRESENCE OF THE
COLIFORM ORGANISMS IN THIS RELATIVELY UNPOPULATED AREA WERE CONSIDERED.
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 05B, 05A
ACCESSION NO. W71-09270
188
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CHRISTIE V SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO (LIABILITY FOR EXCESSIVE DISCHARGE OF
WATER).
256 ILL APP 63-110 (1930).
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *SEWAGE, *FLOODING, *ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION, CITIESt
WASTE DILUTION, PUBLIC HEALTH, DAMS, LEVEES, ADJUDICATION PROCEDURE,
LEGAL ASPECTS, JUDICIAL DECISIONS, SEWAGE TREATMENT, RIVERS, LAKE
MICHIGAN, FLOOD DAMAGE, CANALS, DESIGN FLOW, DISCHARGE(WATER), LAKES.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF RIPARIAN LANDOWNER SUED DEFENDANT SANITARY DISTRICT FOR
DAMAGES RESULTING FROM EXCESSIVE DISCHARGE OF WATER INTO THE ILLINOIS
RIVER. DEFENDANT DISCHARGED WATER FROM LAKE MICHIGAN INTO A CHANNEL TO
DILUTE THE SEWAGE FROM CHICAGO, WHICH FLOWED INTO THE RIVER. THE
AUTHORIZED QUANTITY OF WATER WAS IN DIRECT RATIO TO CHICAGO'S
POPULATION. PLAINTIFF CHARGED THAT DEFENDANT: (1) DISCHARGED MORE THAN
THE SUTHORIZED QUANTITY; (2) THE FLOWAGE WAS NOT CONTINUOUS; AND (3)
DISCHARGED ADDITIONAL WATER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. AS A RESULT,
DEFENDANT'S LANDS WERE FLOODED. THE ILLINOIS APPELLATE COURT
DETERMINED, HOWEVER, THAT PLAINTIFF'S ASSERTIONS ULTIMATELY REDUCED TO
' A C.HARGE THAT DEFENDANT HAD INCREASED THE FLOW TO AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT.
DEFENDANT'S ACTIVITIES HAD COMMENCED IN 1903, BUT PLAINTIFF DID NOT SUE
UNTIL 1923. THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS WAS FIVE YEARS. SINCE PLAINTIFF
WAS UNARLE TO SHOW THAT DEFENDANT HAD INCREASED THE FLOW IN THE
PRECEDING FIVE YEAR PERIOD THE COURT HELD THAT THE LOWER COURT SHOULD
HAVE DIRECTED VERDICT FOR DEFENDANT. THE COURT HELD THAT PLAINTIFF'S
CAUSE ACCRUED WHEN THE INCREASED FLOW REACHED THE LEVELS OF 1904 AND
1913. FURTHERMORE, THE COURT FOUND THAT DEFENDANT DID NOT INJURE
PLAINTIFF BY CONSTRUCTION OF USE OF THE CHANNEL- (HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E, 05G
ACCESSION NO. W71-09395
189
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RIVERSt LAKES, AND STREAMSREGU LATION.
PUBLIC ACT 76-2453, ILLINOIS LEGISLATIVE SERVICE, P 579-581 (1970) AMENDING
ILLINOIS ANNOTATED STATUTES CH 19, SECS 61A, 65.
DESCRIPTORS:
^ILLINOIS, *PERMITS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LANDFILLS, LEGISLATION,
ADMINISTRATION, ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES,
WATER POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
WATER USE, WATER SUPPLY, LAKES, STREAMS, RIVERS, WATER QUALITY, WATER
QUALITY CONTROL, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, LEGAL ASPECTS, STRUCTURES.
ABSTRACT:
AN ILLINOIS STATUTE CONCERNING REGULATION OF RIVERS, LAKES, AND STREAMS
IS AMENDED TO PROVIDE FOR CLOSE COOPERATION BETWEEN THE POLLUTION
CONTROL BOARD, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ILLINOIS INSTITUTE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND
BUILDINGS, ESPECIALLY FOR PRESERVATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN. THE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IS DIRECTED TO ABATE POLLUTION OF LAKE
MICHIGAN AND REGULARLY CONDUCT WATER QUALITY SURVEYS IN IT, MAKING
RESULTS AVAILABLE TO ALL INTERESTED PARTIES. FUTHERMOR, THE AMENDMENT
MAKES LANDFILLS OR CONSTRUCTION IN PUBLIC WATERS UNLAWFUL ABSENT A
PERMIT FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND BUILDINGS. PERMITS MAY
NOT BE ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION IN LAKE MICHIGAN WITHOUT CONCURRENCE BY
THE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD. VIOLATION OF THE STATUTE IS PUNISHABLE BY
FINE AND IMPRISONMENT. BUILDING OF CAUSEWAYS, HARBOR, OR MOORING
FACILITIES IN LAKE MICHIGAN MUST BE APPROVED BY THE LEGISLATURE;
STRUCTURES ERECTED IN VIOLATION MAY BE ABATED AS PURPRESTURES. PERMITS
MAY BE GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND BUILDINGS FOR USE
OF PUBLIC WATER. WHERE A PERMIT IS SOUGHT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF
LAND-FILLS IN PUBLIC WATERS, THE DEPARTMENT SHAJLL REQUIRE, AS A
CONDITION PRECEDENT, APPROVAL BY RIPARIAN OWNERS AFFECTED BY THE
STRUCTURE. (HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06E, 05G
ACCESSION NO. W71-09443
190
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THE TEMPERATURE CYCLE OF LAKE MICHIGAN. I. SPRING AND SUMMER,
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE, KANSAS CITY, MO. CENTRAL REGION.
LAWRENCE A. HUGHES.
NOAA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NWS CR-41, APRIL 1971. 18 P, 12 FIG, 2 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*TEMPERATURE, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *HYDROGRAPHY, WATER
TEMPERATURE, FORECASTING.
IDENTIFIERS:
*TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, SPRING SEASON, SUMMER, TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS,
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION.
ABSTRACT:
KNOWLEDGE OF THE TEMPERATURE CYCLE OF THE WATER OF THE GREAT LAKES IS
ESSENTIAL TO FORECASTING FOR THE LAKE SURFACE OR OVER-LAKE CONDITIONS,
OR FORECASTING CONDITIONS OVER LAND ADJACENT TO THE LAKES. THE
TEMPERATURE CYCLE OF LAKE MICHIGAN FOR THE SPRING AND SUMMER SEASON IS
DESCRIBED.
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-10787
191
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POLICY ON PHOSPHOROUS REMOVAL FROM EFFLUENT.
WISCONSIN DEPT. OF NATURAL RESOURCESt MADISON.
1969, 1 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WISCONSIN, ^PHOSPHORUS, *SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, WASTE
WATER DISPOSAL, WASTE WATER(POLLUTION ), EUTROPHICATION, WASTE WATER
TREATMENT, TREATMENT FACILITIES, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, LEGAL
ASPECTS, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, MUNICIPAL WASTES, LAKE MICHIGAN,
REGULATION, STANDARDS, LAKE BASINS.
ABSTRACT:
CONCENTRATIONS OF PHOSPHOROUS MAY STIMULATE THE GROWTH OF ALGAE, MAKING
WATERS UNSUITABLE FOR CERTAIN USES. SEWAGE EFFLUENTS OFTEN CONTRIBUTE
LARGE AMOUNTS OF PHOSPHORUS TO SURFACE WATERS. IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THE
QUALITY OF WATER, IT IS THE POLICY OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES BOARD OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES THAT WASTE WATER DISCHARGERS SHALL
BE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE FOR THE REMOVAL OF EXCESS AMOUNTS OF PHOSPHORUS.
NECESSARY ACTIONS SHALL BE TAKEN TO ACHIEVE AN EIGHTY PERCENT REDUCTION
OF THE PHOSPHORUS TRIBUTARY TO MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT
FACILITIES LOCATED WITHIN THE LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN BY DECEMBER
31, L972. (SMILJANICH-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W71-10947
192
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SELENIUM: THE UNKNOWN POLLUTANT,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH GROUP, ANN ARBOR, MICH.
RICHARD COPELAND.
LIMNOS, VOL 3, NO 4, P 7-9, 1970. 1 FIG.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, *TOXICITY, *FOOD CHAINS, LAKE MICHIGAN,
ZOOPLANKTON, COALS, OILS, GASOLINE, AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS, HUMAN
DISEASES, FALLOUT, SEDIMENTS, AQUATIC LIFE. -
IDENTIFIERS:
*SELENIUM, FOSSIL FUELS, VITAMIN E, CHICAGO!ILLINOIS), COMBUSTION.
ABSTRACT:
SELENIUM, ALTHOUGH HIGHLY TOXIC AND MORE POISONOUS THAN ARSENIC OR
MERCURY, IS NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL OF WARM BLOODED ANIMALS AND MAN. IT
REPLACES VITAMIN E AND PREVENTS CERTAIN 'PROTEIN MALNUTRITION'
DISEASES; IT OCCURS STRUCTURALLY IN MANY PROTEINS AND SEVERAL AMINO
ACIDS. THERE IS A NARROW MARGIN OF SAFETY BETWEEN THE NECESSARY DOSE
AND TOXIC DOSE. CERTAIN PLANTS CONCENTRATE SELENIUM IN THEIR LEAVES AND
STEMS, KILLING LIVESTOCK AFTER INGESTION. SELENIUM RICH SOILS DO NOT
OCCUR IN THE GREAT LAKES AREA, BUT ' FOSSI L .FUELS', ORIGINATING FROM
MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD MAY CONTAIN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SELENIUM.
WHEN THE FUELS ARE BURNED, THE RESULTING ASH CAN BECOME HIGHLY ENRICHED
IN SELENIUM DIOXIDE WHICH, VERY SOLUBLE IN WATER, FORMS A COMPOUND
EASILY ASSIMILATED BY AQUATIC ORGANISMS. AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND SEDIMENT
IN LAKE MICHIGAN, ANALYZED FOR VARIOUS TRACE ELEMENTS, SHOW SELENIUM
CONCENTRATION IN ZOOPLANKTON AT 7 PPM BUT THE SEDIMENT ALWAYS CONTAINS
LESS THAN .5 PPM, INDICATING THAT IT IS VERY QUICKLY TAKEN UP BY
ORGANISMS. CONSEQUENTLY, SEVERAL ELEMENTS, SUCH AS SELENIUM, EQUALLY
TOXIC AS MERCURY, SHOULD BE MONITORED. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-10999
193
-------
THE OLIGOCHAETE FAUNA OF GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MILWAUKEE. CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES.
RICHARD P. HOWMILLER, AND A. M. BEETON.
PROCEEDINGS 13TH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 15-46, 1970. 31 FIG, 3
TAB, 39 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*OL IGOCHAETES, INDICATORS, *DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS, *EUTROPHICATION,
LAKE MICHIGAN, TUBIFICIDS, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, BENTHIC FAUNA,
GREAT LAKES, SAMPLING, POPULATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*GREEN BAY(WIS), LUMBRICULIDAE, NAIDIDAE.
ABSTRACT:
THE BOTTOM OF GREEN BAY, AN ARM OF LAKE MICHIGAN, WAS SAMPLED AT 103
STATIONS, USING PONAR AND EKMAN GRABS. THE POPULATIONS OF OLIGOCHAETA,
INCLUDING LUMBRICULIDAE, NAIDIDAE, AND TUBIFICIDAE SP, COMPRISED FROM
50% TO 60% OF THE BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES. THE PRESENCE OF
STYLODRILUS HERINGIANUS AND TUBIFEX KESSLERI WAS CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE
NORTHERN, LESS EUTROPHIED PART OF THE BAY. THE POLLUTED LOWER END WAS
DOMINATED BY LIMNODRILUS SP, PARTICULARLY L HOFFMEISTERI, WITH
OCCASIONAL PRESENCE OF DERO DIGITATA. DECREASED EUTROPHICATION
COINCIDED WITH FREQUENT OCCURRENCE OF AULODRILUS AMERICANUS, A
PLURISETA, ILYODRILUS TEMPLETONI, PELOSCOLEX FREYI, AND P MULTISETOSUS.
THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY SUPPORT THE THESIS THAT THE DISTRIBUTION
PATTERN OF OLIGOCHATES SERVES AS A SENSITIVE INDICATOR OF ORGANIC
POLLUTION AND SUBSEQUENT DEGREE OF WATER OXYGENATION. THIS PAPER
CONTAINS 39 REFERENCES. (WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-11031
194
-------
ALGAL GROWTH ASSESSMENT IN NATURAL WATERS,
ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY, PEORIA. WATER QUALITY SECTION.
WUN-CHENG WANG, AND WILLIAM T. SULLIVAN.
TYPESCRIPT; PRESENTED AT 14TH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL
19-21, 1971.
DESCRIPTORS:
^FORECASTING, *ALGAE, *PLANT GROWTH, *EUTROPHICAT I ON, GROWTH RATES,
SAMPLING, LAKE MICHIGAN, MEASUREMENT, SUSPENDED LOAD, ALKALINITY,
HARDNESS(WATER ), ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, AMMONIA, NITRATES, PHOSPHATES,
WATER QUALITY, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, TROPHIC LEVEL.
IDENTIFIERS:
ALGAL GROWTH POTENTIAL, ILLINOIS RIVER(ILL), DIAGNOSTIC CRITERION.
ABSTRACT:
METHODS ARE DESCRIBED FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE EVALUATION OF
NATURAL WATER QUALITY BASED ON ALGAL GROWTH POTENTIAL. TECHNIQUES FOR
MEASUREMENT OF ALGAL GROWTH WERE INVESTIGATED AND ALGAL NUTRITION
' EXA.MINED. AFTER REMOVAL OF PLANKTON BY MEMBRANE FILTRATION, SAMPLES
WERE INOCULATED WITH A NATURAL, MIXED ALGAL CULTURE; GROWTH WAS
SATISFACTORY MEASURED BY INCREASES IN LIGHT ABSORBANCE AND FILTERABLE
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MASS AND BY DECREASES IN ALKALINITY AND HARDNESS.
ALGAL PIGMENT FLUORESCENCE WAS NOT COMPARABLE TO THE OTHER PARAMETERS
ABOVE OLIGOTROPHIC LEVELS, POSSIBLY DUE TO INADEQUATE EXTRACTION OF
FLUORESCENT COMPOUNDS. MAXIMUM DAILY ALGAL GROWTH WAS ATTAINED IN THREE
TO FIVE DAYS FOLLOWING INOCULATION; AMMONIA WAS PREFERRED TO NITRATES
AS A NITROGEN SOURCE. RATIO OF FILTERABLE INORGANIC MASS TO ORGANIC
MASS INCREASED WITH HIGHER INITIAL SAMPLE CONCENTRATIONS OF ALKALINITY
AND HARDNESS. 'ALGAL GROWTH POTENTIAL1, REPRESENTING THE TROPHIC LEVEL
OF A NATURAL WATER SOURCE, WAS BEST REPRESENTED BY WEIGHT OF FILTERABLE
ORGANIC MASS PRODUCED AFTER SEVEN DAYS OF INCUBATION. LAKE MICHIGAN AT
THE CHICAGO CENTRAL WATER FILTRATION PLANT WAS JUDGED ESSENTIALLY
OLIGOTROPHIC, WHILE THE ILLINOIS RIVER NEAR PEORIA IS EUTROPHIC. THIS
PAPER CONTAINS 17 REFERENCES. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-11033
195
-------
THE ECONOMICS OF QUANTITY VS QUALITY IN GREEN BAY,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON. MARINE STUDIES CENTER.
VICTOR L. ARNOLD.
IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL
1970, BUFFALO, NEW YORK, INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION, GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P
141-144. 5 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *ESTUARIES, *WATER RESOURCES, *MANAGEMENT, *ECONOMICS,
WATER UTILIZATION, WATER POLLUTION, PLANNING.
IDENTIFIERS:
GREEN BAY.
ABSTRACT:
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESEARCH IS BEING
INTEGRATED THROUGH SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY AND MEASURE IN PHYSICAL
AND ECONOMICAL TERMS THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESOURCE USE AND
ABUSE AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF GREEN BAY, AN ESTUARY OF LAKE MICHIGAN.
PUBLIC POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES TO ALLOW
PUBLIC DECISION AND POLICY MAKERS, TO BE MORE FULLY AWARE OF QUANTITY
VS QUALITY ARE INCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS. (SEE ALSO W71-11474)
(ENSIGN-PAI)
FIELD 02H, 02L
ACCESSION NO. W71-11473
196
-------
MIXING PROCESSES IN GREEN BAY,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON. MARINE STUDIES CENTER.
W. F. AHRNSBRAK, AND R. A. RAGOTZKIE.
IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL
1970, BUFFALO, NEW YORK, INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P
880-890. 8 FIG, 3 TAB, 14 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION, *MIXING, ^'DIFFUSION, *SEICHES,
RIVERS, RUNOFF, SUSPENDED LOAD, CHLORIDES, EVAPORATION, PRECIPITATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
GREEN BAY, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, LIGHT TRANSMISSI VITY.
ABSTRACT:
BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MASS, EFFECTIVE LONGITUDINAL
DIFFUSIVITIES ARE CALCULATED USING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION MODEL
FOR GREEN BAY IN LAKE MICHIGAN. DIFFUSIVITIES ARE COMPARED WITH THOSE
PREDICTED ON THE BASIS OF SEICHE ACTIVITY, SHOWN TO BE MAINLY
' RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OBSERVED CONCENTRATION FIELD. ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY AND LIGHT TRANSMISSIVITY ARE USED TO OBSERVE THE
DISTRIBUTION OF FOX RIVER WATER IN THE BAY. (SEE ALSO W71-11473)
(ENSIGN-PAI)
FIELD 02H, 02L
ACCESSION NO. W71-11474
197
-------
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN DDT ACCUMULATION BY FISH,
BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, COLUMBIA, MO. FISH-PESTICIDE RESEARCH
LAB.
KENNETH J. MACEK, AND SIDNEY KORN.
JOURNAL OF THE FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, VOL 27, NO 8, P 1496-1498,
AUGUST 1970. 1 FIG, 3 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DDT, *BROOK TROUT, *FOOD CHAIN, BIOASSAYS, "ANIMAL PATHOLOGY, PESTICIDE
RESIDUES, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS, LAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION.
ABSTRACT:
A LABORATORY STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF
FOOD AND WATER AS SOURCES OF DDT FOR FISH. BROOK TROUT WERE USED IN THE
EXPERIMENTS AND WERE PLACED IN TWO GROUPS. ONE GROUP WAS EXPOSED TO AN
EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION OF PLUS OR MINUS 0.3 PPTR DDT IN WATER FOR 120
DAYS. THIS IS COMPARABLE TO THE RESIDUES IN LAKE MICHIGAN. THE SECOND
GROUP WAS FED 3 PLUS OR MINUS 0.15 PPM DDT INCORPORATED INTO A DRY
PELLET FOR. 120 DAYS. THE MEAN TOTAL RESIDUE ACCUMULATED BY THE FISH
EXPOSED TO 3 PPM DDT IN FOOD WAS 1.92 PPM. FOR THOSE EXPOSED TO 3 PPTR
DDT IN WATER THE MEAN TOTAL RESIDUE WAS 25.6 PPB. THUS, THE FISH
EXPOSED TO DDT IN WATER ACCUMULATED A MEAN OF 3.55 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL
DDT AVAILABLE TO THEM DURING EXPOSURE, WHILE THOSE EXPOSED THROUGH
THEIR FOOD ACCUMULATED 35.5 PERCENT OF THE AVAILABLE DDT. BECAUSE THERE
IS GENERALLY A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF DDT IN THE FOOD CHAIN THAN IN
WATER, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE FOOD CHAIN IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF DDT
CONTAMINATION IN FISH. (MORTLAND-BATTELLE )
FIELD 05B, 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-11508
198
-------
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THERMAL POLLUTION. I: ENTRAINMENT AND DISCHARGE CANAL
EFFECTSt
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB.t TENN. ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES DIV.; AND MINNESOTA UNIV.,
MINNEAPOLIS. DEPT. OF ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY.
CHARLES C. COUTANT, AND ALAN J. BROOK.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, VOL 1, NO 3, P 341-381, NOVEMBER
1970. 16 FIG, 2 TAB, 140 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*THERMAL POLLUTION, *BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES, *THERMAL POWER PLANTS,
*DISCHARGE«WATER), AQUATIC HABITATS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HEATED
WATER, NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, STEAM, ECOLOGY, PHYTOPLANKTON,
ZOOPLANKTON* LARVAE, EGGS, CHINOOK SALMON, STRIPED BASS, MINNOWS,
FISHKILL, HERRING, COPEPODS, CRUSTACEANS, DIATOMS, CYANOPHYTA,
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, OYSTERS, CLAMS, TROUT, MUSSELS, MATHEMATICAL MODELS,
DISSOLVED OXYGEN, COOLING TOWERS, LAKE MICHIGAN, CONDENSERS, DIPTERA,
PREDATION, ALGAE, NITROGEN FIXATION, FOOD CHAINS, EUTROPHICATION,
CATFISHES, BULLHEADS, CARP, PERCHES, METABOLISM, OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS,
RESPIRATION, SUCKERS, SEXUAL MATURITY, SPAWNING, RESISTANCE, AQUATIC
' PRODUCTIVITY, CANALS.
IDENTIFIERS:.
*ENTRAINMENT, WHITE RIVER(INDIANA), CONNECTICUT RIVER(CONNECTICUT ),
GREEN RIVER(KENTUCKY), CAYUGA LAKE(NEW YORK), PATUXENT ESTUARY,
BISCAYNE BAY(FLORIDA), HUMBOLT BAY(CALIFORNIA ), POTOMAC RIVER, COLUMBIA
RIVER(WASHINGTON), COCKLES, GOLDFISH, MERRIMACK RIVER(NEW HAMPSHIRE),
DELAWARE RIVER, I.LLINOIS RIVER, HOLSTON RIVER (TENNESSEE ).
ABSTRACT:
THIS REVIEW ATTEMPTS TO CRITICALLY EVALUATE SOME THERMAL EFFECTS SEEN
AT OPERATING THERMAL POWER PLANTS, TO GROUP THESE INTO SEVERAL
'PROBLEMS' ASSOCIATED WITH (1) ENTRAINMENT AND (2) DISCHARGE CANALS,
AND TO INDICATE PERTINENT FIELD AND LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS THAT CAN
ASSIST IN DEVELOPING INFORMATION OF PREDICTIVE UTILITY. MOST POWER
PLANT SURVEYS LACK DETAIL OF OBSERVATION AND DEFINITION OF GOALS
SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE MORE THAN CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE FOR ECOLOGICAL
PROCESSES. ON THE OTHER HAND, LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ARE OFTEN
UNREALISTIC SIMULATIONS OF COMPLEX PHENOMENA. TRUE PREDICTABILITY WILL
REQUIRE JUDICIOUS APPLICATION OF DATA FROM BOTH SOURCES. UNTIL COMPLETE
INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE, CERTAIN LABORATORY TESTS PROVIDE CONSERVATIVE
APPROXIMATIONS THAT CAN GUIDE POWER PLANT SITING AND DESIGN SO THAT
SAFE ENVIRONMENTS CAN BE MAINTAINED FOR AQUATIC LIFE. (MCCANN-BATTELLE)
FIELD 05C, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W71-11517
199
-------
HIGH-RESOLUTION SEISMIC PROFILES AND GRAVITY CORES OF SEDIMENTS IN SOUTHERN
LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, URBANA; AND WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON. DEPT.
OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS.
J. A. LI.NEBACK, D. L. GROSS, R. P. MEYER, AND W. L. UNGER.
ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY NOTES, NO 47, JUNE 1971. 41
P, 20 FIG, 1 PLATE, 13 REF, APPEND.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SEDIMENTOLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEISMOGRAPHS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
^SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES, BEDROCK, GEOLOGY, GEOLOGIC TIME, STRATIGRAPHY,
SEDIMENTS, TEST PROCEDURES, INSTRUMENTATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*SEDIMENTS(SEISMIC PROFILES).
ABSTRACT:
SEDIMENTARY UNITS 1 FOOT OR MORE THICK WERE IDENTIFIED ON
HIGH-RESOLUTION, SUB-BOTTOM, SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILES TAKEN IN
SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN ALONG A 400-MILE CRUISE IN JUNE, 1970. BENEATH
THE SOFT SEDIMENTS THAT FLOOR THE LAKE, GLACIAL TILL WAS CLEARLY
IDENTIFIABLE, AS WAS THE IRREGULAR SURFACE OF UNDERLYING PALEOZOIC
BEDROCK. GRAVITY CORES WERE TAKEN ALONG THE PROFILE TRACK AND USED TO
CORRELATE THE ACOUSTICALLY REFLECTING HORIZONS AND THE STRATIFICATIONS
IN THE SEDIMENTS. THE GEOPHYSICAL RECORD PROVIDED A CONTINUOUS CROSS
SECTION THAT PERMITTED DETAILED CORRELATION BETWEEN THE WIDELY SPACED
CORES. THREE MAIN SEDIMENTARY UNITS WERE RECOGNIZED IN MOST OF THE
SEISMIC PROFILES: LACUSTRINE CLAYS (LAKE MICHIGAN FORMATION), GLACIAL
DEPOSITS (EQUALITY AND WEDRON FORMATIONS), AND PALEOZOIC BEDROCK. THREE
SEPARATE EPISODES OF SEDIMENTATION IN THE LAKE MICHIGAN FORMATION ALSO
WERE RECOGNIZED. THE OLDEST IS RECORDED BY A SEQUENCE OF REDDISH BROWN
CLAY (SHEBOYGAN AND SOUTH HAVEN MEMBERS) THAT IS THICKEST IN THE
NORTHWESTERN PART OF THE SOUTHERN LAKE BASIN AND PINCHES OUT TOWARD
SHORE. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 02J .
ACCESSION NO. W71-11751
200
-------
FOURIER ANALYSIS OF WEATHER AND WAVE DATA FROM HOLLAND, MICHIGAN, JULY 1970,
WILLIAMS COLL., WILL IAMSTOWN, MASS.; AND WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV., KALAMAZOO.
WILLIAM T. FOX AND RICHARD A. DAVIS, JR.
TECHNICAL REPORT NO 3 UNDER OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH CONTRACT NONR-;88-092
WITH WILLIAMS COLLEGE, MAY 1, 1971. 79 P, 26 FIG, 13 REF, 3 APPEND. ONR
CONTRACT N00014-69-C-0151 TASK NO 388-092.
DESCRIPTORS:
*FOURIER ANALYSIS, *WAVES(WATER ), *LAKE MICHIGAN, *COMPUTER PROGRAMS,
*WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, SURFACE-GROUNDWATER RELATIONSHIPS, REACHES,
LITTORAL DRIFT, TEMPERATURE, WINDS, MICHIGAN, CURRENTS(WATER), WATER
CIRCULATION.
IDENTIFIERS:
*HOLLAND(MICH).
ABSTRACT:
DURING JULY, 1970, WEATHER AND WAVE PARAMETERS WERE MEASURED AT TWO
HOUR INTERVALS ON THE BEACH AND IN THE NEARSHORE AREA TWO MILES NORTH
OF HOLLAND, MICHIGAN. PARAMETERS MEASURED INCLUDE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE;
WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION; AIR AND WATER TEMPERATURE; SKY CONDITION;
LAKE AND GROUNDWATER LEVEL, WAVE PERIOD AND HEIGHT; BREAKER DEPTH,
TYPE, DISTANCE AND ANGLE; AND LONGSHORE CURRENT VELOCITY. THE COMPUTER
WAS USED TO CALCULATE THE PHASE AND AMPLITUDE FOR THE FIRST 15 FOURIER
HARMONICS AND TO PLOT THE OBSERVED DATA AND CUMULATIVES CURVES. THE
CURVES WERE INFLUENCED BY LOW PRESSURE SYSTEMS WHICH PASSED NORTH OF
THE AREA ON 4, 9, 15 AND 19 JULY. WAVE HEIGHT AND DIRECTION ARE RELATED
TO CYCLONIC WINDS MOVING COUNTERCLOCKWISE AROUND THE LOW PRESSURE
SYSTEM. LONGSHORE CURRENT VELOCITY CAN BE PREDICTED AS A CONSTANT TIMES
THE DERIVATIVE OF THE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE. (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 07C, 02B
ACCESSION NO. W71-11775
201
-------
METHOD FOR SEPARATING POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS FROM DDT AND ITS ANALOGSt
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. DIV. OF PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY
AND TOXICOLOGY.
JUDITH A. ARMOUR, AND JERRY A. BURKE.
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS, VOL 53, NO 4, P
761-768, JULY 1970. 3 FIG, 2 TAB, 14 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DDT, *GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, *POLLUTANT IDENTIFICATION, *SEPARATION
TECHNIQUES, HEPTACHLOR, DIELDRIN, ENDRIN, ALDRIN, TROUT, SALMON, LAKE
MICHIGAN, PESTICIDE RESIDUES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, AROCLORS, LINDANE, DDE, TDE, METABOLITES.
ABSTRACT:
A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD WAS DEVELOPED TO SEPARATE POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS (PCB) FROM DDT AND ITS ANALOGS SO THAT RESIDUES OF PESTICIDES
AND PCB COULD BE DETERMINED WITHOUT INTERFERENCE FROM THE OTHER.
SEPARATION IS ACCOMPLISHED BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY ON SILICIC
ACID-CELITE, PCBS ARE ELUTED FROM THE COLUMN WITH PETROLEUM ETHER PRIOR
TO ELUTION OF PESTICIDES WITH A MIXTURE OF ACETONITRILE, HEXANE, AND
METHYLENE CHLORIDE. DETERMINATION OF PCBS AND PESTICIDES CAN BE MADE ON
THE SEPARATE COLUMN ELUATES WITHOUT CROSS INTERFERENCE. THE METHOD IS
APPLICABLE TO SAMPLES PREPARED BY MULTIPESTICIDE RESIDUE METHODOLOGY
AND SHOULD BE APPLICABLE TO SAMPLE EXTRACTS PREPARED FOR GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY BY USUAL PROCEDURES. RECOVERIES OF AROCLORS 1254 AND
1260 AND OF SEVERAL CHLORINATED PESTICIDES THROUGH THE SEPARATION
METHOD RANGED FROM 76 TO 100 PERCENT AND 80 TO 107 PERCENT,
RESPECTIVELY. IN THIS STUDY, THE TECHNIQUE WAS APPLIED TO EXTRACTS OF
BROWN TROUT AND LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON. THE COHO SALMON EXAMPLE
PROVIDES ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE OF THE PRESENCE OF PCB IN SOME PARTS OF
THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT IN THIS COUNTRY. (MORTLAND-BATTELLE)
FIELD 05A
ACCESSION NO. W71-11905
202
-------
ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN EUTROPHICATION,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON. WATER CHEMISTRY PROGRAM.
G. FRED LEE.
PRESENTED AT THE SYMPOSIUM OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, DIVISION OF WATER,
AIR AND WASTE CHEMISTRY, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, APRIL 1970.
DESCRIPTORS:
*PHOSPHORUS, *EUTROPHICATION, FERTILIZATION, AQUATIC PLANTS,
MATHEMATICAL MODELS, SELF-PURIFICATION, ALGA'E, GREAT LAKES, NUTRIENTS,
SEDIMENTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL, TROPHIC LEVELS, PHOSPHATES, DETERGENTS, BIOASSAY, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, FORECASTING, SILICA.
IDENTIFIERS:
FLUSHING, GREEN BAY(WIS), NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID, ALGAL ASSAY
PROCEDURES, ALGAL GROWTH, IN-LAKE NUTRIENT CONTROL.
ABSTRACT:
SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHORUS AS THE KEY ELEMENT IN EXCESSIVE
FERTILIZATION OF NATURAL WATERS IS PRESENTED AND ITS ROLE ON PLANT
GROWTH IN LAKES. TOOLS TO ASSESS PHOSPHORUS AND OTHER ELEMENTS
FERTILIZING NATURAL WATERS ARE MATHEMATICAL MODELS, ENZYMATIC AND
TISSUE ASSAY PROCEDURES. APPRAISAL OF NUTRTENT STATUS OF LAKES CAN BE
MADE DURING FEBRUARY AND MARCH OF EACH YEAR IN TEMPERATE LAKES TO SHOW
THE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND STEPS INITIATED TO CONTROL EXCESSIVE
DISCHARGE OF NUTRIENTS. SEDIMENTS SERVE AS A SINK FOR PHOSPHORUS WITH
THE NET FLUX OF PHOSPHORUS FROM LAKE WATER TO SEDIMENTS. CONTEMPLATED
NUTRIENT REMOVAL PROJECTS SHOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH SOME LABORATORY
LEACHING TESTS ON LAKE SEDIMENTS AND RESULTS COMPARED WITH LAKE
RECOVERY RATE UPON NUTRIENT REDUCTION. DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR
AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC NUTRIENTS IN NATURAL WATERS
IS ESSENTIAL TO IMPROVE THE PREDICTABILITY OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE
FLUX OF AQUATIC PLANT NUTRIENTS AND GROWTH OF ALGAE AND OTHER AQUATIC
PLANTS. IN REPLACING PHOSPHATES IN DETERGENTS, THE PRIMARY PROBLEM IS
THE PROCEDURE USED TO EVALUATE THE REPLACEMENT. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-12072
203
-------
EFFECTS OF THERMAL DISCHARGES ON THE CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY AND
EUTROPHICATION,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON. WATER CHEMISTRY PROGRAM.
FRED G. LEE, AND GILMAN D. VEITH.
PRE-PRINT: PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND
MEASUREMENT OF POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT, HELD AT OTTAWA, ONTARIO,
CANADA, JUNE 1971. 27 P, 23 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^THERMAL POLLUTION, *CHEMICAL REACTIONS, *WATER QUALITY, *CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, EUTROPHICATION, WATER TEMPERATURE, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS,
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, ENERGY, DIFFUSION, THERMODYNAMICS, SOLUBILITY,
SORPTION, PESTICIDES, TOXICITY, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, LAKE MICHIGAN, ALGAE.
IDENTIFIERS:
*THERMAL DISCHARGES.
ABSTRACT:
DEPENDING ON THE HEAT ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY OF THE RECEIVING WATER,
THE.RMAL DISCHARGES ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO TYPES: THOSE ELEVATING WATER
TEMPERATURE BY 5 TO IOC FOR ONLY A FEW HOURS, AND THOSE INCREASING THE
TEMPERATURE FOR SEVERAL DAYS. THE LATTER DISCHARGES MAY IN CERTAIN
INSTANCES LEAD TO DETERIORATION OF WATER QUALITYINTENSIFY
OBJECTIONABLE TASTE AND ODOR, INCREASE ALGAL BLOOMS, AND REDUCE DO
CONCENTRATION. THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THERMAL DISCHARGES CAN
PARTICULARLY BE EXPECTED WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS INCREASED TO ABOUT 15
TO 20C IN NUTRIENT-ENRICHED WATERS. (WILDE-WISCONS IN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W71-12092
204
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LARGE-SCALE OSCILLATORY MOTIONS AND SEASONAL TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN LAKE
MICHIGAN AND LAKE ONTARIO,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MILWAUKEE. CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES.
C. H. MORTIMER.
WISCONSIN UNIV, MILWAUKEE, CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES, SPECIAL REPORT NO
1?, 1971. PART I, 111 P, TEXT, 10 TAB, 66 REF. PART II, 106 P,
ILLUSTRATIONS.
DESCRIPTORS:
*HYDROLOGIC CYCLE, *TEMPERATURE, *WAVES(WATER ), *CURRENTS(WATER), LAKE
MICHIGAN, LAKE ONTARIO, INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL DECADE, CHANNELS,
LAKES, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, SURGES, WINDS, SEICHES.
IDENTIFIERS:
^TEMPERATURE CYCLES, *UPWELLING, LONG INTERNAL WAVES, ROTATION EFFECTS.
ABSTRACT:
A PREPARATORY ANALYSIS IS PRESENTED OF TEMPERATURE AND DYNAMICS OF LAKE
MICHIGAN AND LAKE ONTARIO, PREPARED FOR THE INTERNATIONAL FIELD YEAR ON
' THE.GREAT LAKES. THE FOUR CHAPTERS OF THE DOCUMENT INCLUDE DETAILED
INFORMATION ON THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS OF THE TWO LAKES: ANNUAL
TEMPERATURE CYCLE; UPWELLING OF COASTAL WATERS AND THE GENERATION OF
LONG INTERNAL WAVES; THEORY OF THE INTERNAL WAVES AS INFLUENCED BY
ROTATION; TEMPERATURE OSCILLATIONS AND CURRENTS. THE TEXT OF EACH
CHAPTER IS SUPPLEMENTED BY AN AMPLE NUMBER (20 TO 30) OF ANNOTATED
ILLUSTRATIONS. CHAPTER 5 PRESENTS A COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY.
(WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 02H, 02A
ACCESSION NO. W71-13178
205
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WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV., E. LANSING. INST. OF WATER RESEARCH.
M. E. STEPHENSON, AND J. R. WAYBRANT.
AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE AS PB-203 425,
$3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.95 IN MICROFICHE. TECHNICAL REPORT NO 11, FEBRUARY
1971. 118 P, 11 FIG, 6 TAB, 48 REF, 13 APPEND. OWRR A-023-MICH(1).
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATERSHEDS(BASINS ), *LAKE BASINS, *RIVER BA'SINS, *EUTROPHICATION,
*LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKES, AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS, WATER QUALITY,
^PHOSPHOROUS, NITROGEN, MICHIGAN, WATER TEMPERATURE, NUTRIENTS, WATER
POLLUTION EFFECTS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*NITRATE-NITROGEN LEVELS, *GRAND RIVER BASIN(MICH), *WATERSHED RUNOFF.
ABSTRACT:
THE INFLUENCE OF MUNICIPAL AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ON STREAM WATER
QUALITY IN THE GRAND RIVER BASIN WAS EXAMINED IN TERMS OF THE RESULTING
' PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN INPUTS TO LAKE MICHIGAN. PHOSPHORUS AND
NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN THE GRAND RIVER WATERSHED INDICATED THAT
NITRATE-NITROGEN FLUCTUATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE
AND PHOTOPERIOD, WHILE TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS WERE NOT
INFLUENCED BY THESE INDEXES OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. A STUDY OF NUTRIENT
CONCENTRATIONS IN RUNOFF FROM WATERSHEDS OF PREDOMINANTLY URBAN,
NATURAL, OR AGRICULTURAL LAND USAGES INDICATED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES:
(1) THE NATURAL WATERSHED RUNOFF CONTAINED LESS NITRATE-NITROGEN THAN
DID RUNOFF FROM EITHER THE URBANIZED OR AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; (2)
URBANIZED LAND RUNOFF CONTAINED FAR GREATER CONCENTRATIONS OF
PHOSPHORUS THAN DID RUNOFF FROM EITHER NATURAL OR AGRICULTURAL
WATERSHEDS AND (3) NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL LAND RUNOFF DID NOT CONTAIN
SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF TOTAL PHOSPHORUS. GENERAL
OBSERVATIONS OF NUTRIENT FLUCTUATIONS IN THE GRANDE RIVER SYSTEM
INDICATED EVIDENCE OF POSSIBLE NITROGEN-LIMITATION DURING THE PERIOD OF
SURVEILLANCE.
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W71-13808
206
-------
MIXING PROCESSES IN GREEN BAY,
WISCONSIN UNIV.t MADISON. MARINE STUDIES CENTER.
W. F. AHRNSBRAK, AND R. A. RAGOTZKIE.
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SEA GRANT PROGRAM REPRINT WIS-SG-71-312 FROM
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1970,
BUFFALO, NEW YORK, INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH P
880-890, 1970. 8 FIG, 3 TAB, 14 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*MIXING, *WATER QUALITY, *WATER TYPES, *BAYS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER
POLLUTION SOURCES, MODEL STUDIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, DIFFUSION, CONDUCTIVITY, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, HYDROLOGIC DATA,
SEDIMENTATION, DATA COLLECTIONS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*GREEN BAYILAKE MICHIGAN).
ABSTRACT:
A ONE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION MODEL BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF
' CONSERVATION OF MASS WAS APPLIED TO GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN. OBSERVED
DIFFUSIVITIES WERE COMPARED WITH THOSE PREDICTED ON THE BASIS OF SEICHE
ACTIVITY. DIFFUSIVITIES IN THE VICINITY OF LONG TAIL POINT WERE
APPROXIMATELY 250,000 SO CM/SEC WITH AN ABRUPT JUMP TO 1 MILLION SO
CM/S'EC A FEW KM FARTHER INTO THE BAY AND GRADUALLY INCREASING TO 3
MILLION SO CM/SEC IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE BAY. ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY AND LIGHT TRANSMI SSI VITY WERE USED TO OBSERVE THE
DISTRIBUTION OF FOX RIVER WATER IN THE BAY. HIGHEST CONCENTRATION
GRADIENTS (40% KM) WERE FOUND IN THE VICINITY OF LONG TAIL POINT AND
ALONG THE EASTERN SHORE OF THE SOUTHERN END OF THE RAY. NO APPRECIABLE
TRANSVERSE GRADIENTS WERE FOUND IN THE MID AND NORTHERN PORTION OF THE
BAY. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02J, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W71-13828
207
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MICROFUNGI IN THE WATER, MUD, AND LITTER OF A CATTAIL MARSH,
WISCONSIN STATE UNIV., OSHKOSH. DEPT. OF BIOLOGY.
LEONARD L. TEWS.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS 13TH CONFERENCE
OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 106-113, 1970. 1 FIG, 4 TAB, 33 REF. OWRR
A-025-WISd).
DESCRIPTORS:
*FUNGI, *WATER, *MUD, ^CATTAILS, ^MARSHES, WISCONSIN, YEASTS,
PHYTOPLANKTON, BENTHIC FLORA, LAKE MICHIGAN, GREAT LAKES, HYDROGEN ION
CONCENTRATION, TEMPERATURE, SYSTEMATICS, EUTROPHICATI ON, SAMPLING,
METHODOLOGY, MOLDS, DEGRADATION(DECOMPOSITI ON).
IDENTIFIERS:
*LITTER, LAKE BUTTE DES MORTS(WIS), ALLEN MARSH(WIS), TRICHODERMA
VIRIDE, MUCOR HIEMALIS, PENICILLIUM STIPITATUM, HANSENULA SATURNUS.
ABSTRACT:
THE FOX-WOLF RIVER SYSTEM FLOWS INTO LAKE MICHIGAN SO THAT ITS HEALTH
IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE WELFARE OF THE GREAT LAKES. AT ITS UPPER
REACHES THE RIVER DRAINS FARM LANDS, AND ITS LOWER REACHES FLOW THROUGH
AN AREA OF HEAVY INDUSTRY, A REGION OF PAPER MANUFACTURE. IT WAS
FORMERLY BORDERED WITH EXTENSIVE CATTAIL MARSH COMMUNITIES BUT IN
RECENT YEARS THESE LOWLAND ECOSYSTEMS HAVE BEEN DISAPPEARING FOR
UNKNOWN REASONS. THESE COMMUNITIES ARE BEAUTIFUL, HARBOR WILD LIFE, AND
MAY SERVE IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT; THEY ALSO CONTAIN MICROFUNGI, CAPABLt
OF DEGRADING A WIDE VARIETY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. MICROFUNGI ROLES
COULD BE SEVERALSYMBIONTS, DECOMPOSER, PARASITES, AND DEGRADERS OF
ORGANIC MATERIAL IN MUD AND WATER. KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE
MICROFUNGAL FLORA IS A FIRST STEP. THEY WERE COLLECTED FROM WATER,
LITTER, AND MUD OF ALLEN MARSH BORDERING LAKE BUTTE DES MORTS AND
TAXONOMIC ENTITIES ISOLATED. THE MOST FREQUENTLY ISOLATED FUNGI WERE
TRICHODERMA VIRIDE PERS EX FRIES, MUCOR HIEMALIS WEHMER, PENICILLIUM
STIPITATUM THOM, AND HANSENULA SATURNUS (KLOCKER) H AND P SYDOW.
MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE OF PH, TEMPERATURE, WATER DEPTH, AND WATER AND
ORGANIC CONTENT OF THE MUD. (JONES-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W72-00151
208
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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (INTERSTATE WATERS, LAKE MICHIGAN AND LITTLE CALUMET
RIVER. GRAND CALUMET RIVER AND WOLF LAKE).
ILLINOIS SANITARY WATER BOARD, SPRINGFIELD.
RULES AND REGULATIONS SWB-7, MARCH 1968. 22 P, 1 MAP, 2 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, ^STANDARDS, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
RIVERS, REGULATION, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES,
PERMITS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, STATE JURISDICTION, WATER POLLUTION, WATER
QUALITY, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, PUBLIC HEALTH, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
LEGAL ASPECTS, WASTE DISPOSAL, TREATMENT FACILITIES, WATER UTILIZATION.
ABSTRACT:
LAKE MICHIGAN IS USED FOR INDUSTRIAL AND PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES,
COMMERCIAL AND SPORT FISHING, AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES. TO INSURE
OPTIMUM PROTECTION OF EACH USE, THE LAKE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO SECTORS:'
OPEN WATER AND SHORE WATER. SEPARATE STANDARDS ARE PROVIDED FOR EACH
SECTOR. STANDARDS ARE ALSO ESTABLISHED FOR THE LITTLE CALUMET RIVER,
WOLF LAKE, AND THE GRAND CALUMET RIVER. DETAILED WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
ARE ESTABLISHED IN REFERENCE TO: COLIFORM BACTERIA, FECAL STREPTOCOCCI,
TURBIDITY, ODOR, OIL, FLOATING SOLIDS AND DEBRIS, BOTTOM DEPOSITS, TRUE
COLOR, THRESHOLD ODOR, TEMPERATURE, PH, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, AMMONIA "
NITROGEN, TOTAL NITROGEN, CHLORIDES, CYANIDES, FLUORIDES, DISSOLVED
IRON, PHENOL-LIKE SUBSTANCES, SULFATES, TOTAL PHOSPHATES, AND
MISCELLANEOUS CONTAMINANTS AND RADIONUCLIDES. IMPLEMENTATION AND
ENFORCEMENT PLANS ARE SET FORTH. THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING AND
PREVENTING WATER POLLUTION IS PLACED UPON THE SANITARY WATER BOARD. IN
THE CHICAGO AREA, RESPONSIBILITY IS VESTED IN THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY
DISTRICT. THE GOAL OF THIS PROMULGATION IS TO PROTECT AND UPGRADE WATER
QUALITY. TO ACHIEVE THIS GOAL, ANY WASTES AMENABLE TO CONTROL MUST
RECEIVE THE BEST PRACTICABLE TREATMENT PRIOR TO DISCHARGE. FURTHERMORE,
WATERS HAVING HIGHER STANDARDS THAN THOSE HEREIN ADOPTED MAY NOT BE
DEGRADED.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DESIGNATED USE AREAS IN MICHIGAN
INTERSTATE WATERS.
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION, LANSING. DEPT. OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
NOVEMBER, 1968. 29 P, 10 MAP, 1 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*MICHIGAN, *STANDARDS, *WATER QUALITY CONTROL, *WATER UTILIZATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, DREDGING, WASTE DISPOSAL, REGULATION,
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, LEGAL ASPECTS, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE HURON, LAKE
ERIE, LAKE SUPERIOR, WATER POLLUTION, WATER 'POLLUTION CONTROL,
INTERSTATE, CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT, EFFLUENTS, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
RIVER BASINS, INTERSTATE RIVERS.
ABSTRACT:
INTERSTATE STANDARDS, WATER USE DESIGNATIONS, AND IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
OF THE MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION ARE HEREIN SUMMARIZED.
DESIGNATED USE AREAS CONSIDERED BY THIS PUBLICATION INCLUDE: (1) THE
ST. JOSEPH RIVER BASIN; (2) LAKE MICHIGAN; (3) LAKE HURON; (4) THE ST.
CLAIR RIVER-LAKE ST. CLAIR, DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE, MAUMEE RIVER
BASIN; (5) LAKE SUPERIOR AND THE ST. MARYS RIVER; AND (6) THE MENOMINEE
' AND. MONTREAL RIVER BASINS IN MICHIGAN AND OTHER MICHIGAN-WISCONSIN
INTERSTATE BOUNDARY WATERS. STANDARDS WILL NOT APPLY [DURING PERIODS OF
AUTHORIZED DREDGING FOR NAVIGATION PURPOSES, BUT WILL APPLY TO AREAS
AFFECTED BY THE DISPOSAL OF SPOIL FROM SUCH OPERATIONS. WHEN WATERS ARE
CLASSIFIED UNDER MORE THAN ONE DESIGNATED WATER USE, IT IS INTENDED
THAT THE MOST RESTRICTIVE INDIVIDUAL STANDRADS OF THE DESIGNATED USE
SHALL BE ADHERED TO. IN AREAS ADJACENT TO OUTFALLS STANDARDS APPLY ONLY
AFTER ADMIXTURE OF WASTE EFFLUENTS WITH THE PUBLIC WATERS, BUT IN NO
INSTANCE SHALL THE MIXING ZONE ACT AS A BARRIER.TO FISH MIGRATION OR
INTERFERE UNREASONABLY WITH THE DESIGNATED USES OF THE AREA. A SUMMARY
OF THE LEGISLATIVE BASES OF MICHIGAN'S PROGRAM TO CONTROL AND ABATE
POLLUTION IS SET FORTH. (JOHNSON-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W72-00199
210
-------
GREAT LAKES POLLUTIONf
J. D. DJNGELL.
IN: THE GREAT LAKESHOW MANY MASTERS CAN THEY SERVE. 11TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE,
MICHIGAN NATURAL RESOURCES COUNCIL, LANSING, MICHIGAN, P 19-26, OCTOBER
1968. 8 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, *POLLUTION
ABATEMENT, *GREAT LAKES, WATER POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS,
WATER QUALITY, WATER QUALITY CONTROL, POLLUTANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL
SANITATION, WATER POLICY, LAKE ERIE, LAKE HURON, LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE
MICHIGAN, LAKE SUPERIOR, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, STATE GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS, CITIES, STANDARDS, REGULATION.
ABSTRACT:
FEDERAL ACTION IS NECESSARY TO CONTROL AND ABATE POLLUTION: STATE AND
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS DO NOT HAVE THE RESOURCES, AND POLLUTION IS NOT
MERELY A LOCAL PROBLEM. THE FOLLOWING FACTORS CONSTITUTE THE MAJOR
PROBLEMS FACING THE GREAT LAKES; (1) OVER-ENRICHMENT, (2) A BUILDUP OF
DISSOLVED SOLIDS, (3) BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION, (4) CHEMICAL
' CONTAMINATION FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISCHARGES, AND (5) OXYGEN
DEPLETION. THE PRESENT STATE OF POLLUTION OF EACH OF THE GREAT LAKES IS
EXPLAINED. WATER POLLUTION CAN BE CONTROLLED. ALL OF THE STATES AND
TERRITORIES HAVE FILED LETTERS OF INTENT TO ESTABLISH WATER QUALITY
STANDARDS. A LIST OF SIXTEEN IMMEDIATE ACTIONS NECESSARY TO SAVE THE
GREAT LAKES IS SET FORTH. THE SECRETARY OF INTERIOR SHOULD HAVE THE
AUTHORITY TO SET STANDARDS FOR INTRA-STATE WATERS AS WELL AS
INTERSTATE. (ROBINSON-FLORIDA)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W72-00247
211
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THE GREAT LAKES CONTAINER DILEMMA,
WISCONSIN UNIV.t MILWAUKEE. CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES.
E. SCHENKERt AND M. BUNAMO.
IN: TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FORUM PAPERS/1970, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, P
327-336. 7 TAB, 12 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY, *GREAT LAKES, #INVESTMENT, *TRANSPORTATION,
*ECONOMIC IMPACT, INCOME, SHIPS.
IDENTIFIERS:
CONTAINERS,
CONTAINER FACILITIES, CARGO PORTS, CARGO DIVERSION.
ABSTRACT:
LAKE PORTS FACE AN IMMEDIATE DILEMMA: UNLESS THEY UNDERTAKE A
COORDINATED INVESTMENT PROGRAM IN CONTAINER FACILITIES TO RETAIN THEIR
GENERAL CARGO TRAFFIC, SIGNIFICANT DIVERSIONS OF CONTAINER TRAFFIC WILL
OCCUR, RESULTING IN A SUBSTANTIAL LOSS OF PORT-RELATED INCOME FOR THE
REGION. DIRECT AND INDIRECT INCOME LOSSES COULD EXCEED $100,000,000.
' LAKE PORTS COULD AVOID THESE LOSSES BY PURSUING ONE t£R MORE OF THE
FOLLOWING THREE ALTERNATIVES: (1) MORE EXTENSIVELY UjTILIZE MONTREAL OR
QUEBEC CITY LOAD CENTER'S SPECIALIZED CONTAINER FACILITIES, (2) PROVIDE
FOR A FULLER UTILIZATION OF THE SEAWAY AND ITS EXISTING FACILITIES BY,
SAY, CONSTRUCTING SPECIALIZED CONTAINER-HANDLING FACILITIES OR
REMODELING EXISTING BERTHS FOR LIMITED CONTAINER OPERATIONS, <3>
CONSTRUCT TWO MODERN FULLY-INTEGRATED CONTAINER FACILITIES, ONE AT THE
SOUTHERN END OF LAKE MICHIGAN TO SERVE CHICAGO AND MILWAUKEE, THE OTHER
ON LAKE ERIE TO SERVE EASTERN LAKE PORTS. THE FIRST TWO ALTERNATIVES
REPRESENT SHORT-RUN PLANS DESIGNATED TO REDUCE THE FLOW OF CONTAINER
CARGO DIVERSION; THE THIRD ALTERNATIVE IS A LONG-RUN SOLUTION, LINKING
IMPROVED AND EXPANDED CONTAINER OPERATIONS WITH CERTAIN NECESSARY
IMPROVEMENTS OF THE ENTIRE SEAWAY SYSTEM. SEVERAL TABLES PROVIDE DATA
ON THE EXISTING AND EXPECTED CONTAINERSHIP REGISTRY AND ON THE
ANTICIPATED IMPACT OF CONTAINERIZATION ON LAKE PORTS. (SETTLE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 06C, 06B
ACCESSION NO. W72-00385
212
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PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCHt PART I AND II.
GREAT LAKES RESEARCH CENTERf DETROIT, MICH.
AVAILABLE FROM TREASURER, P. 0. BOX 640, ANN ARBOR, MICH. 48107. PRICE $18.00
A SET. 1970. 1063 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *LAKES, EUTROPHICATION, ALGAE, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE
MICHIGAN, *LAKE HURON, *LAKE ONTARIO, *LAKE ERIE, WATER POLLUTION
EFFECTS, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, LIMNOLOGY.
ABSTRACT:
THE THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH WAS HELD 1-3 APRIL,
1970 AT BUFFALO, NEW YORK AND CO-HOSTED BY CORNELL AERONAUTICAL
LABORATORY -INC. AND THE GREAT LAKES LABORATORY OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE AT BUFFALO. (SEE ALSO W72-01095 THRU W72-01112)
FIELD 02H, 05C
ACCESSION NO. W72-01094
213
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A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NICHES OF LAKE MICHIGAN ZOOPLANKTONt
STATE UNIV. OF NEW YORK, ALBANY. DEPT. OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES.
PATRICIA A. LANE, AND DONALD C. MCNAUGHT.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS 13TH
CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PART 1, P 47-57, 1970. 6 FIG, 2 TAB, 29
REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*NICHES, *ZOOPLANKTON, *HABITATS, LAKE MICHIGAN, ANALYSIS, MATHEMATICAL
STUDIES, OMNIVORES, HERBIVORES, BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES, BALANCE OF
NATURE, DAPHNIA.
IDENTIFIERS:
HOLOPEDIUM GIBBERUM, BOSMINA LONGIROSTRIS, CYCLOPS.
ABSTRACT:
NICHE ANALYSIS OF LIMNETIC PLANKTON HAS INDICATED THAT CONGENERIC
SPECIES OF DAPHNIA SELECT HABITATS THROUGH VERTICAL MIGRATION. THE
VERTICAL MIGRATION, HOWEVER, MAY NOT BE THE ONLY MECHANISM FOR
' SEPARATING NICHES OF OMNIVOROUS AND HERBIVOROUS ZOOPLANKTERS. THE
PERSISTENT PRESENCE OF BOSMINA SPP SUGGESTS THAT COEXISTENCE OF
HOLOPEDIUM GIBBERUM AND DAPHNIA RETROCURVA IS INFLUENCED BY ACTIVE
RESOURCE ALLOCATION. ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY AND INSTABILITY OF
POPULATIONS ARE LIKELY TO HANDICAP APPLICATION OF THE NICHE THEORY.
(SEE ALSO W72-01094) (WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-01096
214
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SURVEY OF PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE
SUPERIOR,
MICHIGAN UNIV., ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
CLAIRE L. SCHELSKE, AND EDWARD CALLENDER.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS 13TH
CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PART 1, P 93-105, 1970. 5 FIG, 5 TAB,
15 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*PHYTOPLANKTON, *PRODUCTIVITY, ^NUTRIENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE
SUPERIOR, EUTROPHICATION, CARBON, NITRATES, NITRITES, SURFACE WATERS,
DIATOMS, CYANOPHYTA, AMMONNIA, SURVEYS.
IDENTIFIERS:
SILICON DIOXIDE, BOTTOM WATERS.
ABSTRACT:
WATER ANALYSES, PERFORMED DURING CRUISES OF THE R/V 'INLAND SEAS,1
YIELDED CARBON FIXATION OF 0.39 PLUS OR MINUS 0.11 IN LAKE SUPERIOR,
3.19 PLUS OR MINUS 1.8 IN LAKE MICHIGAN, AND 28 PLUS OR MINUS 15 IN
SOUTHERN GREEN BAY. THE AVERAGE CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN
THE ENTIRE PROFILE OF LAKE SUPERIOR WAS 269 PPB, WHEREAS THE SURFACE
AND NEAR BOTTOM WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN AVERAGED 109 AND 217 PPB,
RESPECTIVELY. THE AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SILICON DIOXIDE IN SURFACE
WATERS WERE 1.87 IN LAKE SUPERIOR, AND 0.15 IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN
AND 0.26 PPB IN NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN. LAKE MICHIGAN EXHIBITED
CONSIDERABLE IMPOVERISHMENT OF ITS SURFACE LAYER IN N AND SI DUE TO
UTILIZATION OF THESE ELEMENTS BY PHYTOPLANKTON. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PH
VALUES AND CALCIUM CONTENTS OF SURFACE AND NEAR BOTTOM WATERS WERE
RECORDED IN BOTH LAKES. THE LOW CONCENTRATION OF SILICON IN LAKE
MICHIGAN IS ATTRIBUTED TO ACCELERATED EUTROPHICATION AND SUBSEQUENT
MULTIPLICATION OF SILICON-CONSUMING DIATOMS. (SEE ALSO W72-01094)
(WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-01099
215
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DISPERSAL OF FOX RIVER WATER IN GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MILWAUKEE. CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES.
RICHARD F. MODLING, AND A. M. BEETON.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS 13TH
CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PART 1, P 468-476, 1970. 2 FIG, 5 TAB,
12 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER CIRCULATION, *BAYS, *RIVERS, CONDUCTIVITY, WATER POLLUTION
EFFECTS, LAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
*WATER MASS MOVEMENT, GREEN BAY(WIS), FOX RIVER(WIS), FLUSHING RATES.
ABSTRACT:
THE EFFECTS OF FOX RIVER INFLOW ON WATER OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF GREEN
BAY (WISCONSIN) WERE INVESTIGATED BY SURVEYS CONDUCTED IN JULY 1968,
AND AUGUST 1969. DILUTION OF THE POLLUTED RIVER WATER IN ITS LAKEWARD
FLOW WAS DETERMINED ON THE BASIS OF SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE WHICH RANGED
FROM 400 AT THE RIVER'S MOUTH TO 265 MICRO/MHOS ALONG THE
MENOMINEE-STURGEON BAY TRANSECT. THE COUNTER-CLOCKWil SE MOVEMENT OF THE
RIVER WATER ALONG THE EAST SIDE OF THE BAY WAS MARKED BY CONCENTRATION
OF ELECTROLYTES, PRESENCE OF DAPHNIA PULEX INHABITING LAKE WINNEBAGO,
ABSENCE OF OXYGEN-DEMANDING OLIGOCHAETES AND HEXAGENIA, AND ORGANIC
MATTER SEDIMENT ENRICHMENT. THE RIVER WATER EXTENSION INTO THE BAY
APPROACHED 40 MILES. THE 1969 FLUSHING WAS 160 DAYS IN THE SOUTHERN AND
36 DAYS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE STUDY AREA. LAKEWARD TRANSPORT WAS
199 AT OCONTO TRANSECT, AND 1130 M/DAY AT CEDAR RIVER TRANSECT. (SEE
ALSO W72-01094) (WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-01104
216
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DRY WEIGHT OF THE MACROBENTHOS AS AN INDICATOR OF EUTROPHICATION OF THE GREAT
LAKESt
CALIFORNIA STATE COLL.t LOS ANGELES. DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY; AND MICHIGAN UNIV.,
ANN ARBOR. GREAT LAKES RESEARCH DIV.
WAYNE P..ALLEY, AND CHARLES F. POWERS.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS 13TH
CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, PART 2, P 595-600, 1970. 3 FIG, 2 TAB,
16 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*EUTROPHICATION, *GREAT LAKES, *BENTHOS, *INDICATORS, BIOMASS,
SAMPLING, AMPHIPODA, ALIGOCHAETES, LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE
HURON, LAKE ERIE.
IDENTIFIERS:
*MACROBENTHOS, CHIRONOMIDS, SPHAERIIDS.
ABSTRACT:
THE EUTROPHICATION LEVELS OF FOUR GREAT LAKES WERE DELINEATED ON THE
' BAS.IS OF DRY WEIGHT OF MACROBENTHOS, INCLUDING AMPHIPODS, OLIGOCHAETES,
SPHAERIIDS, AND CHIRONOMIDS. THE FOLLOWING GRAND AVERAGES IN G PER SO M
WERE ESTABLISHED: LAKE SUPERIOR - 0.9, LAKE HURON - i.48, LAKE MICHIGAN
- 3.40, AND LAKE ERIE - 4.63. IN TERMS OF RAWSON'S CLASSIFICATION OF
CANADIAN LAKES, LAKE ERIE IS DEFINITELY EUTROPHIC, LAKE MICHIGAN -
MODERATELY EUTROPHIC, LAKE HURON - MESOTROPHIC, AND LAKE SUPERIOR -
TRULY OLIGOTROPHIC. (SEE ALSO W72-01094) (WILDE-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-01105
217
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NITROGENASE ACTIVITY IN WISCONSIN LAKES OF DIFFERING DEGREES OF EUTROPHICAT ION,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON. WATER RESOURCES CENTER.
W. D. P. STEWARTt T. MAGUE, G. P. FITZGERALD, AND R. H. BURRIS.
NEW PHYTOLOGY, VOL 70, P 497-509, 1971. 5 FIG, 9 TAB, 24 REF. OWRR
B-020-WIS<4) AND OWRR B-024-WI S ( 1 ) .
DESCRIPTORS:
*NITROGEN FIXATION, *EUTROPHICATION, *OLIGOTROPHY, DIURNAL, ANALYTICAL
METHODS, NITROGEN, LAKES, WISCONSIN.
IDENTIFIERS:
*ACETYLENE REDUCTION, *KJELDAHL DIGESTION, *NESSLERIZATION, LAKE
MENDOTA, LAKE MARY, LITTLE ARBOR VITAE LAKE, CRYSTAL LAKE, TROUT LAKE,
GREEN BAY OF LAKE MICHIGAN, HETEROCYSTOUS ALGAE, GLOEOTRICHIA,
APHANIZOMENON, ANABAENA.
ABSTRACT:
NITROGEN FIXATION IN VARIOUS WISCONSIN LAKES WAS COMPARED USING THE
ACETYLENE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE. RATES OF ACETYLENE REDUCTION WERE
' UNA.FFECTED BY N2 WHEN SUFFICIENT ACETYLENE WAS ADDED TO THE GAS PHASE.
THUS IN FIELD STUDIES THE NATURAL GAS PHASE NEED NOT BE REMOVED BEFORE
THE ADDITION OF ACETYLENE. ACETYLENE WAS REDUCED RAPIDLY IN EUTROPHIC
WATERS (LITTLE ARBOR VITAE LAKE, LAKE MENDOTA, AND SOUTHERN GREEN BAY)
BUT MORE SLOWLY IN OLIGOTROPHIC WATERS (CRYSTAL LAKE, TROUT LAKE, LAKE
MARY, AND NORTHERN GREEN BAY). ACETYLENE REDUCTION WAS GREATEST IN THE
SURFACE WATERS, WAS LARGELY LIGHT-DEPENDENT AND SHOWED A MARKED DIURNAL
VARIATION. THERE WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANT VARIATION WITH AREA AND WITH
TIME, AND IN GENERAL ACETYLENE REDUCTION WAS DEJECTED ONLY WHEN
HETEROCYSTOUS ALGAE WERE PRESENT. THE RATE OF NITROGEN FIXATION IN LAKE
MENDOTA, CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF WEEKLY MEASUREMENTS TAKEN DURING
MOST OF THE ICE-FREE SEASON, WAS APPROXIMATELY 2.4 KG/HA/YEAR. A DIRECT
CORRELATION WAS CONFIRMED BY THE STUDY BETWEEN THE ABUNDANCE OF
HETEROCYSTOUS ALGAE (GLOEOTRICHIA, APHANIZOMENON, AND ANABAENA) AND THE
ACETYLENE REDUCING CAPACITY OF THE WATER TESTED.
FIELD 05C, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-01373
218
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BEACH AND NEARSHORE DYNAMICS IN EASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN,
WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV., KALAMAZOO.
R. A. DAVIS, JR., AND W. T. FOX*
AVAILABLE FROM NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, VA.,
22151 AS AD-726 226, $3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.95 IN MICROFICHE. TECHNICAL
REPORT NO 4, JUNE 1971. 145 P, 83 FIG, 14 REF, 2 APPEND. ONR NO 388-092,
ONR N00014-69-C-0151.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SHORES, *LITTORAL DRIFT, *SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, *GEOMORPHOLOGY, *LAKE
MICHIGAN, SURVEYS, EROSION, HYDROLOGIC DATA, DATA COLLECTIONS, BEACHES,
CURRENTS(WATER), SEDIMENTATION, TOPOGRAPHY, WAVES(WATER), WEATHER DATA,
MODEL STUDIES, COMPUTER PROGRAMS.
ABSTRACT:
SURVEYS OF BEACH AND NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENTS OF TWO AREAS IN
SOUTHEASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN SHOW CHANGES IN SHORE-LINE MORPHOLOGY.
EIGHTEEN VARIABLES WERE MEASURED AT 2 HOUR INTERVALS DURING A 30 DAY
TIME SERIES STUDY. MORPHOLOGIC RESPONSES AND SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES WERE
RELATED TO THESE VARIABLES. CONSTRUCTION OF A MODEL OF SEDIMENTATION IN
THE NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENT WAS MADE FROM DAILY MAPS AND TIME-DISTANCE
DIAGRAMS. THIS PROVIDED A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC MODEL WHICH IS A
RESPONSE MODEL TO THE MEASURED ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W72-r02268
219
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PROFILE OF A STORM-WIND, WAVES AND EROSION ON THE SOUTHEASTERN SHORE OF LAKE
MICHIGAN,
WILLIAMS COLL., W ILL IAMSTOWN, MASS. DEPT. OF GEOLOGY.
W. T. FOX, AND R. A. DAVIS, JR.
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1-3, 1970,
STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUFFALO, NY, PART 1: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 233-241, 1970. 6 FIG, 2 TAB, 5 REF. PROJECT
388-092. ONR CONTRACT N00014-69-C-0151.
DESCRIPTORS:
*STORMS, *BEACH EROSION, *LAKE MICHIGAN SAND BARS, DATA COLLECTIONS,
FOURIER ANALYSIS, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, LITTORAL DRIFT, WEATHER, WINDS,
WAVES(WATER), SURF, PROFILES, GREAT LAKES.
ABSTRACT:
A LARGE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM THAT PASSED THROUGH LAKE MICHIGAN DURING
LATE JULY 1969, PROVIDED OPPORTUNITY FOR DETAILED ANALYSIS OF STORM
EFFECTS ON BEACH AND NEARSHORE PROCESSES. DURING THE PASSAGE OF THIS
STORM, OBSERVATIONS ON 17 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS WERE RECORDED AT 2
HR INTERVALS. THESE DATA WERE SUBJECTED TO FOURIER ANALYSIS AND PLOTTED
IN A TIME SERIES BY COMPUTER. THERE WAS A DEFINITE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, BREAKER HEIGHT, BREAKER ANGLE AND LONGSHORE
CURRENT VELOCITY, THE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS IN BEACH EROSION. AS THE
STORM PASSED, THE BEACH AND ADJACENT CLIFF WERE EXTENSIVELY ERODED. A
NEARSHORE SAND BAR WAS DERIVED FROM THE BEACH AREA DURING THE STORM.
DURING SUCCEEDING DAYS, THIS BAR BEGAN A SHOREWARD MIGRATION AND WAS
EVENTUALLY INCORPORATED WITH THE BEACH. (SEE ALSO W72-01094)
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W72-02340
220
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A GEOMORPHIC MAP OF LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINEt
UNITED STATES LAKE SURVEY, DETROIT, MICH.
E. B. HANDS.
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1-3, 1970,
STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUFFALO, NY, PART 1: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 250-265, 1970. 15 FIG, 7 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GEOMORPHOLOGY, *SHORES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, GREAT LAKES, BEACH EROSION,
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, LITTORAL DRIFT, EROSION, TOPOGRAPHY, AERIAL
PHOTOGRAPHY, PHOTOGRAMMETRY.
ABSTRACT:
THE SHORETYPES OF LAKE MICHIGAN ARE: UNCONSOLIDATED BLUFFS, FORMED
WHERE MORAINES INTERSECT THE SHORELINE; DUNES, RESTRICTED PRIMARILY TO
THE EASTERN SHORE; DELTAS, FOUND IN GREEN BAY; ROCK EXPOSURES; MARSHES;
SWAMPS; AND LOW DRY PLAINS. THE NEARSHORE CLASSIFICATION IS PRIMARILY
DESCRIPTIVE OF LONGSHORE BAR PATTERNS AND TURBID WATER AREAS, BUT A
CELLULAR PATTERN CHARACTERIZES TWO LOCALITIES. UPDRIFT BEACH
' ACCUMULATIONS AND DIVERTED STREAM MOUTHS SHOW A SOUTHERLY LITTORAL
DRIFT ALONG BOTH THE EAST AND WEST COASTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN'S SOUTHERN
BASIN WITH FREQUENT REVERSALS IN DIRECTION ALONG NORTHERN SHORES. (SEE
ALSO W72-01094) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02J, 07C
ACCESSION NO. W72-02341
221
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FIRST REPORT OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN, AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION OF THE
STATE OF ILLINOIS.
STATE OF ILLINOIS, LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION.
REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE 77TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, VOL 1, OCTOBER 1971. 38
P, 1 FIG, 1 APPEND.
DESCRIPTORS:
*ENVI.RONMENT, WATER QUALITY, WATER POLLUTION, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
*WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, *=LAND USE, PUBLIC HEALTH, EUTROPHICAT ION,
AESTHETICS, SEWAGE, ATTITUDES, *ILLINOIS, *CAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION, ATTITUDE OF DE
MINIMIS.
ABSTRACT:
THE LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION STUDIED
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF LAKE MICHIGAN AND ITS ADJOINING LAND WITHIN
ILLINOIS. TWO FOCUS POINTS WERE IDENTIFIED: (1) WATER QUALITY IN LAKE
MICHIGAN, AND (2) LAND USE ALONG LAKE MICHIGAN. THE FOLLOWING
1 CONCLUSIONS WERE MADE ABOUT WATER QUALITY IN LAKE MICHIGAN. (1)
HEALTH-RELATED WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS SUCH .AS BACTERIA LEVELS,
RADIOACTIVITY, AND DISEASE CAUSING VIRUSES HAVE WORSENED. (2) DUE TO
THE PERSISTENT HIGH RATES OF PHOSPHATE AND AMMONIA NITROGEN IN THE
LAKE, THE PROCESS OF EUTROPHICATION HAS ACCELERATED. (3) SOUTHERN LAKE
MICHIGAN HAS BECOME AND REMAINS INHOSPITABLE TO AQUATIC LIFE. (4) THE
AESTHETIC QUALITY OF THE LAKE HAS NOT IMPROVED. INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC
SEWAGE, LAND RUNOFF, AIR POLLUTION FALLOUT, WASTES FROM WATERCRAFT, AND
HARBOR DREDGING DEPOSITS CONTRIBUTE TO THE POLLUTION OF THE LAKE. TWO
REASONS FOR THE CONTINUING POLLUTION OF THE LAKE ARE INDICATED: (1) AN
ATTITUDE OF DE MINIMIS WHICH VIEWS THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION IN TERMS OF
SEPARATE SOURCES, EACH ONE BEING DEEMED INCONSEQUENTIAL IN RELATION TO
THE OVERALL POLLUTION OF THE LAKE, AND (2) LAX POLLUTION CONTROL
STANDARDS. THE COMMISSION RECOMMENDS THE ADOPTION OF A BILL OR RIGHTS
FOR LAKE MICHIGAN IN THE FORM OF A POLICY STATUTE WHICH SETS FORTH THE
STATE«S PRIORITIES FOR THE LAKE AND LAKEFRONT AND DESIGNATES HOW THESE
GOALS SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED. FURTHER- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF
VIRAL CONTAMINATION, RESTRICTIVE CONTROLS ON THERMAL POLLUTION,
IMPROVEMENT OF WATER QUALITY SAMPLING, IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTERS, AND
THE RENEWAL OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION,
ARE SUGGESTED. (SEE ALSO W72-02460) (STRACHAN-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05G, 05B, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-02459
222
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APPENDIX: PROPOSED LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND
PRESERVATION ACT.
STATE OF ILLINOISt LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION.
IN: FIRST REPORT OF THE LAKE MICHIGAN, AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION OF
THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE 77TH GENERAL
ASSEMBLY, VOL 1, OCTOBER 1971, P 28-38.
DESCRIPTORS:
*PLANNING, *ENVIRONMENT, *ECOLOGY, WATER QUALITY, WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL, *LAND USE, PUBLIC HEALTH, MANAGEMENT, DRILLING, MINING,
LANDFILLS, WASTES, ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN.
IDENTIFIERS:
*POLICY MAKING, LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION,
TOTAL MANAGEMENT.
ABSTRACT:
THIS BILL IS PROPOSED BY THE STATE OF ILLINOIS LAKE MICHIGAN AND
ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION. THE POLICY STATEMENT DECLARES: (1) THE
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN SHOULD BE ENHANCED AND MAINTAINED AT A QUALITY
PROTECTIVE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, (2) TOTAL MANAGEMENT (WITH AN EMPHASIS ON
RECYCLING) SHOULD BE PROVIDED FOR ALL WATER-BORNE WASTES, (3) DRILLING
AND MINING WHICH THREATENS THE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE SHOULD BE PROHIBITED,
(4) LANDFILL IN LAKE MICHIGAN SHOULD BE PROHIBITED WITHOUT THE APPROVAL
OF THE ADJACENT MUNICIPALITIES, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, AND THE GOVERNOR,
AND (5) MAXIMUM POSSIBLE LAKEFRONT LAND SHOULD BE ACQUIRED FOR PUBLIC
RECREATIONAL USES BY THE STATE OF ILLINOIS OR THE MUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENTAL UNIT IN WHICH THE LAND IS LOCATED. IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS
POLICY IS PROVIDED THROUGH: (1) THE DEVELOPMENT. OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FOR TOTAL MANAGEMENT OF WASTES GENERATED IN THE LAND ADJOINING LAKE
MICHIGAN, (2) INITIATION OF A PROGRAM WHEREBY THE STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS WOULD HAVE A RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL ON ALL SALES OF
PRIVATELY OWNED LAKEFRONT PROPERTY, AND (3) A PROGRAM OF SOLICITATION
OF LAKEFRONT EASEMENTS FROM PRIVATE LANDOWNERS AT LEAST ONCE EVERY
THREE YEARS. (SEE ALSO W72-02459) (STRACHAN-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05G, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W72-02460
223
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LAKE MICHIGAN WATER QUALITY TRENDS.
STATE OF ILLINOIS, LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION.
IN: REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE 77TH GENERAL ASSEMBLYf VOL II - SUPPORTING
STUDIES, OCTOBER 1971, P 3-70. 7 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER QUALITY, *QUALITY CONTROL, *TESTING,
*RELIABILITY, *WATER ANALYSIS, STATISTICS, MEASUREMENTS, SAMPLING,
ON-SITE DATA COLLECTIONS, ON-SITE TESTS, ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES,
RADIOACTIVITY, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HEAVY METALS, BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
BACTERIA, TURBIDITY, PHOSPHATES, AMMONIA, NITROGEN, PHENOLS, HYDROGEN
ION CONCENTRATION, OIL, ODOR, FLOTSAM, PHYTOPLANKTON, FLOURIDES?
CHLORIDES, SULFATES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*WATER QUALITY TRENDS, *WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS, SHORT TERM TREND
EVALUATION, AMMONIA, NITROGEN, METHYLENE BLUE ACTIVE SUBSTANCES,
CYANIDE, DISSOLVED IRON, FILTERABLE RESIDUE.
ABSTRACT:
' THIS STUDY ATTEMPTS TO IDENTIFY DATA INADEQUACIES AND TO ASSESS PAST
AND PRESENT METHODS OF WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE ILLINOIS
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN IN LIEU OF AN ATTEMPT TO PERFORM COMPREHENSIVE
ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY. THE FIRST MAJOR PROBLEM IS THE SCARCITY OF
WATER QUALITY DATA. SUCH DATA IS SO SCANTY THAT EVEN SHORT-TERM
EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY TRENDS COULD BE HIGHLY SUSPECT. PROBLEMS
ALSO EXISTED IN THE SAMPLING, TESTING, AND REPORTING OF EXISTING DATA.
THE VARIOUS SAMPLING POINTS DIFFER IN LOCATION FROM STUDY TO STUDY. THE
VARIOUS TEST METHODS UTILIZED IN MEASURING THE .VARIOUS PARAMETERS HAVE
NOT BEEN STANDARDIZED BETWEEN AGENCIES AND HAVE CHANGED FROM YEAR TO
YEAR WITHIN AGENCIES. THE NUMBER OF PARAMETERS TESTED HAS BEEN SEVERELY
RESTRICTED, PARTICULARLY WITH REGARD TO HEAVY METALS. FINALLY, THE DATA
ACQUIRED IS OFTEN NEGATED THROUGH OBSCURE AND CONFUSING DATA
PRESENTATION. A THIRD PROBLEM IS THE LACK OF A FRAMEWORK OF EVALUATING
THAT DATA WHICH IS AVAILABLE. A NUMBER OF TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS ARE
DRAWN REGARDING TRENDS IN WATER QUALITY WITH REGARD TO SEVERAL
PARAMETERS. THESE PARAMETERS INCLUDE: BACTERIA, TURBIDITY, PH,
PHOSPHATE, AMMONIA NITROGEN, METHYLENE BLUE ACTIVE SUBSTANCES (MBAS),
CYANIDE, PHENOLS, OIL, ODOR, FLOATING SOLIDS AND DEBRIS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
BOTTOM DEPOSITS, HEAVY METALS, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, FLOURIDES, DISSOLVED
IRON, CHLORIDE, SULFATE AND FILTERABLE RESIDUE, AND RADIOACTIVITY.
(DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05G, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-02594
224
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LAND USE ALONG THE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORE.
STATE OF ILLINOISt LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION.
IN: REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE 77TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, VOL II - SUPPORTING
STUDIES, OCTOBER 1971, P 163-181. 6 TAB, 7 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*LAND USE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *RECREATION, *AESTHETICS, *PRIORITIES,
*SHORES, RECREATION DEMAND, RECREATION FACILITIES, BEACHES, ACCESS
ROUTES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, PLANNING, RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKEFRONT LAND USE, *PUBL 1C USAGE, *PUBLIC OPEN SPACE, CHICAGO
METROPOLITAN AREA.
ABSTRACT:
EXISTING LAKEFRONT LAND USAGE, EXISTING RECREATIONAL CAPACITIES,
PROJECTED DEMANDS UPON THE LAKEFRONT, CURRENT PLANS FOR NEW LAKEFRONT
DEVELOPMENT, AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS DESIGNED TO ENHANCE THE LAKE
MICHIGAN SHORELAND WITHIN ILLINOIS AS AN AREA OF PRE-EMINENT PUBLIC
USAGE IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. THE RECOMMENDATIONS INCLUDE: (1) THE
HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR LAND USE SHOULD BE GIVEN TO INCREASING THE AMOUNT
OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE ALONG THE LAKEFRONT; (2) LAKEFRONT OPEN SPACE AND
BEACH AREAS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED TO ACCOMMODATE ANTICIPATED RECREATIONAL
DEMANDS; (3) LAKEFRONT LAND NOT DEVOTED TO OPEN SPACE SHOULD BE
RESTRICTED TO USES COMPATIBLE WITH THE OPEN SPACE USAGE OF NEIGHBORING
AREAS; (4) MAXIMUM PHYSICAL ACCESS TO LAKE MICHIGAN SHOULD BE AFFORDED
TO THE BROADEST POSSIBLE RANGE OF PERSONS AND UNREASONABLE OBSTRUCTIONS
TO THE PUBLIC'S VIEW OF THE LAKE SHOULD BE PROHIBITED; AND (5) A
THOROUGH REVIEW AND EVALUATION MUST BE UNDERTAKEN OF ALL PROPOSED
PROJECTS WHICH MIGHT AFFECT THE LAKEFRONT. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B
ACCESSION NO. W72-02595
225
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URBAN RUNOFF IN LAKE COUNTYt ILLINOIS.
STATE OF ILLINOISt LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION.
IN: REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE 77TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, VOL II - SUPPORTING
STUDIESt OCTOBER 1971, P 73-101. 8 TAB, 19 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*RUNOFF, *CITIES, *POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, POLLUTANTS, URBANIZATION, RUNOFF
FORECASTING, SEWAGE TREATMENT, LAND USE, PHOSPHATES, ILLINOIS,
SUSPENDED LOAD.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE COUNTY ILLINOIS, *URBAN RUNOFF, #SUSPENDED SOLIDS, *UR8AN AREAS,
CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA.
ABSTRACT:
AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO QUANTIFY THE AMOUNT OF VARIOUS POLLUTANTS WHICH
MAY REACH LAKE MICHIGAN AS A RESULT OF RUNOFF FROM URBAN AREAS IN LAKE
COUNTY, ILLINOIS AND TO COMPARE THESE QUANTITIES WITH THOSE WHICH REACH
THE LAKE IN EFFLUENTS FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN THE SAME AREA.
VARIOUS COMPLEX INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RUNOFF AND SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANTS WITH REGARD TO STORM WATER ARE OUTLINED. PHYSICAL
FACTORSGEOGRAPHY, PRECIPITATION, AND LAND USEARE DESCRIBED TOGETHER
WITH A SUMMARY OF EXISTING SEWAGE TREATMENT PRACTICES. SUFFICIENT DATA
WAS AVAILABLE TO COMPOSE TWO PARAMETERS, BOD AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS. IT
WAS ESTIMATED THAT RUNOFF USUALLY ACCOUNTED FOR APPROXIMATELY 80* OF
THE TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND 12% OF THE TOTAL BOD RELEASED TO LAKE
MICHIGAN, THE REMAINDER COMING FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT DISCHARGES.
HOWEVER, DURING PERIODS OF RAINFALL, THE PERCENTAGE OF BOD RESULTING
FROM RUNOFF IS GREATLY REDUCED. IT IS ALSO CONCLUDED THAT ACCEPTED
FIGURES FOR THE QUANTITY OF PHOSPHATE CONTRIBUTED BY URBAN RUNOFF TO
LAKE MICHIGAN APPEARS TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY LOW. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05B, 02E
ACCESSION NO. W72-02597
226
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SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN CHICAGOt PAST DECISIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS.
STATE OF ILLINOISt LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION.
IN: REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE 77TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, VOL II - SUPPORTING
STUDIES, OCTOBER 1971, P 113-124. 17 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^DECISION MAKING, *SEWAGE TREATMENT, *SEWAGE DISPOSAL, *WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, *LAKE MICHIGAN, ^PLANNING, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, POLLUTION,
WATER POLICY.
IDENTIFIERS:
^CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA, CHICAGO SANITARY CANAL, ILLINOIS RIVER.
ABSTRACT:
MANY OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE
POOR PLANNING AND NARROW PERSPECTIVES OF PRIOR GENERATIONS. THIS CAN BE
ILLUSTRATED BY A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE SUCCESSIVE TECHNOLOGIES
UTILIZED FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL IN THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN
AREA. CRUCIAL DECISIONS IN THE PAST ARE EXAMINED AND EVALUATED, FORMING
THE BASIS FOR SUGGESTIONS REGARDING FUTURE CHANGES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT
PHILOSOPHY AND TECHNOLOGY. THE PAST FOCUSES UPON THE DECISION TO CONVEY
MOST OF THE WASTEWATER OF THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA DOWN THE
CHICAGO SANITARY CANAL INTO THE ILLINOIS RIVER SYSTEM TO PREVENT
POLLUTION OF LAKE MICHIGAN, THE AREA'S PRIMARY WATER SUPPLY SOURCE.
SINCE THAT TIME IT HAS PROVED NECESSARY TO ADOPT WASTEWATER TREATMENT
INSTEAD OF MERELY UTILIZING THE ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY OF THE ILLINOIS
RIVER. HOWEVER, THIS POLICY IS ALSO BECOMING INADEQUATE. THE BIG
QUESTION AT THIS POINT IS WHETHER TO CONTINUE WITH THE SAME BASIC
POLICY BY IMPROVING THE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS., OR TO DEVELOP A
TOTALLY DIFFERENT APPROACH, E.G. APPLICATION OF SEWAGE EFFLUENT TO THE
LAND. (DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 06B, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W72-02598
227
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A CRITIQUE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS IN POLLUTION
ABATEMENT.
STATE OF ILLINOIS, LAKE MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING LAND STUDY COMMISSION.
IN: REPORT TO THE GOVERNOR AND THE 77TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY, VOL II - SUPPORTING
STUDIES, OCTOBER 1971, P 1-30. 9 TAB, 1 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER QUALITY, *STANDARDS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION, *WATER
ANALYSIS, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, ILLINOIS, EFFLUENTS, WASTE DILUTION,
WASTE WATER DISPOSAL, WASTE WATER TREATMENT,' WATER POLLUTION CONTROL.
IDENTIFIERS:
*CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA, *WATER QUALITY CRITERIA, *EFFLUENT CRITERIA.
ABSTRACT:
IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA OF THE STATE OF
ILLINOIS ARE NOT WELL CONSIDERED AND ARE NOT RATIONALLY RELATED TO
THEIR AVOWED PURPOSE. TO SOME EXTENT THIS MAY BE REMEDIED BY MORE
STRINGENT STANDARDS. HOWEVER, SOME RATHER DIFFICULT COMPUTATIONS MUST
BE MADE CONCERNING THE PRESENT AND FUTURE NATURE AND AMOUNTS OF
EFFLUENTS BEFORE ONE CAN BE SURE THAT WATER QUALITY CRITERIA WOULD
WORK. A SIMPLER SOLUTION MIGHT BE TO SET EFFLUENT CRJTERIA AT THE
ACCEPTABLE LEVEL FOR THE LAKE WATER AND NOT BOTHER ABOUT MAKING ANY
AVERAGE COMPUTATIONS. THIS IS A RATHER STRINGENT REQUIREMENT BUT IT MAY
BE THE ONLY WORKABLE WAY IN THE LONG RUN THAT WATER QUALITY CAN BE
PRESERVED. TWO FACTORS MAY MAKE THE STRINGENT APPROACH SOMEWHAT
UNWIELDY. ONE MUST DETERMINE WHAT PARAMETERS ARE TO BE MEASURED IN
DETERMINING ACCEPTABLE WATER QUALITY. ALSO, IN SETTING AN ACCEPTABLE
LEVEL FOR EACH PARAMETER, ONE MUST CONSIDER THE.COMPLEX INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN VARIOUS PARAMETERS, SOME OF WHICH MIGHT NOT BE EVIDENT UNTIL AN
ADVERSE EFFECT HAS ALREADY BEEN PRODUCED, E.G. MERCURY POISONING. A
SECOND ALTERNATIVE TO TYPICAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA WOULD INVOLVE
DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER IN LOCATIONS OTHER THAN WATERBODIES. THE COSTS
OF TOTAL DISPOSAL OF WASTES OUTSIDE OF WATERBODIES MAY BE SUCH THAT
SOME SORT OF MIXED APPROACH MAY PROVE THE BEST ALTERNATIVE.
(DAVIS-CHICAGO)
FIELD 05A, 06E
ACCESSION NO. W72-02600
228
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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF GREAT LAKES SUMMERTIME CONDUCTION INVERSIONS,
WISCONSIN UNIV., MILWAUKEE. DEPT. OF GEOGRAPHY; AND WISCONSIN UNIV.,
MILWAUKEE. CENTER FOR GREAT LAKES STUDIES.
W. A. LYONS.
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1-3, 1970,
STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUFFALO, NY, PART 1: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 369-387, 1970. 12 FIG, 29 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*ADVECTION, *METEOROLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER TEMPERATURE, AIR
TEMPERATURE, SIMULATION ANALYSIS, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, PROFILES,
CLIMATOLOGY, SYNOPTIC ANALYSIS, LAKE BREEZES, AIR CIRCULATION, HEAT
TRANSFER. -
IDENTIFIERS:
LAKE METEOROLOGY.
ABSTRACT:
WARM AIR ADVECTION OVER THE GREAT LAKES DURING EARLY SUMMER OFTEN
' OCC.URS WITH AIR-WATER TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES AS LARGE AS 30 DEC C,
RESULTING IN SHALLOW, BUT INTENSE, INVERSIONS FROM DOWNWARD CONDUCTIVE
TRANSPORT. A COMPUTER PROGRAM WAS DEVELOPED TO SOLVE THE HEAT TRANSFER
EQUATION. TEMPERATURE PROFILES OF ADVECTING AIR COLUMNS ARE CALCULATED
AS FUNCTIONS OF FETCH AND TIME FROM WATER SURFACE TEMPERATURE, HOURLY
LAND AIR TEMPERATURES AND LAPSE RATES, WIND SPEED, AND AN ESTIMATED
EDDY CONDUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT. THE COMPUTED TEMPERATURE PROFILES WERE
COMPARED WITH A WIRESONDE CROSS SECTION ACROSS LAKE MICHIGAN. THE LAYER
EXPERIENCING CONDUCTIVE COOLING GREATER THAN 1 DEG C RARELY EXCEEDS
75-100 M. EXTREME INVERSIONS OF 15 DEG C/50 M WERE COMPUTED AND
CONFIRMED BY OBSERVATION. DAYTIME SUPERADIABATIC LAYERS OVER LAND ARE
ERADICATED AND REPLACED BY A STABLE LAYER WITHIN A 10-20 KM FETCH. (SEE
ALSO W72-01094 THRU W72-01112 AND W72-02878 THRU W72-02890)
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02B
ACCESSION NO. W72-02881
229
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FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDES AS TRACERS OF LAKE MIXINGt
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB., ILL.
D. M. NELSONt P. F. GUSTAFSON, AND J. SEDLET.
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1-3, 1970,
STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUFFALO, NY, PART 1: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 490-494, 1970. 3 FIG, 3 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*TRACERS, *MIXING, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *FALLOUT," GREAT LAKES, TRACKING
TECHNIQUES, CURRENTS(WATER), WATER CIRCULATION, LIMNOLOGY, TRITIUM,
RADIOISOTOPES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE CIRCULATION.
ABSTRACT:
THE CONCENTRATIONS OF ZR-95, RU-106, AND CE-144 WERE DETERMINED IN
EIGHT LARGE SAMPLINGS OF LAKE MICHIGAN SURFACE WATERS BETWEEN GRAND
HAVEN, MICHIGANCHICAGO, ILLINOISMILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN ON 6 AND 7
OCTOBER, 1969. THE SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED BY FORCING APPROXIMATELY ONE
CUBIC METER OF WATER THROUGH AN ION EXCHANGE RESIN-FItTER. THE
OBSERVED UNIFORM HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF THESE FALLOUT NUCLIDES
POINTS UP THEIR VALUE AS TRACERS OF VERTICAL TRANSPORT WITHIN THE GREAT
LAKES. THREE SAMPLES FROM DEPTHS OF 25, 30 AND 55 (THERMOCLINE DEPTH
WAS 17 M) SHOWED CONCENTRATIONS ONE HALF TO ONE THIRD THOSE AT THE
SURFACE. THE DETECTION OF NATURALLY PRODUCED BE-7 ALLOWS FURTHER
TRANSPORT STUDIES TO BE CONDUCTED EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF WEAPONS TEST
DEBRIS. WHOLE WATER SAMPLES AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS AND DEPTHS WERE TAKEN
FOR TRITIUM DETERMINATION, AND THE UNIFORM RESULTS SHOW COMPLETE
LONG-TERM MIXING WITHIN THE LAKE. (SEE ALSO W72-01094 THRU W72-01112
AND W72-02878 THRU W72-02890) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W72-02888
230
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NON-LINEAR RESONANCES BETWEEN KELVIN WAVES IN LAKE MICHIGANt
UNITED STATES LAKE SURVEY* DETROIT* MICH.
J. H. SAYLOR.
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1-3, 1970,
STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUFFALO, NY, PART 1: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 508-528, 1970. 3 FIG, 11 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SEICHES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *THERMOCLINE, THERMAL STRATIFICATION,
WAVES(WATER), GREAT LAKES, MATHEMATICAL STUDIES.
IDENTIFIERS:
*KELVIN WAVES, *WAVE INTERACT IONS(WATER ).
ABSTRACT:
SOLUTION OF THE LINEAR, SHALLOW-WATER WAVE PROBLEM IN AN
INFINITELY-LONG, ROTATING, RECTANGULAR CHANNEL GIVES THE KELVIN WAVES
AS ONE OF THE NORMAL-MODE SEICHES. IN A LINEAR MODEL, THESE WAVES
PROPAGATE INDEPENDENTLY OF EACH OTHER BUT IN A NON-LINEAR MODEL THEY
' INTERACT. RESONANCES INVOLVING THREE INTERACTING WAVES WERE
INVESTIGATED BY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE QUADRATIC, NON-LINEAR TERMS.
BOTH SURFACE AND INTERNAL WAVES IN LAKE MICHIGAN HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED
PREVIOUSLY IN TERMS OF 'KELVIN WAVES. RAPID, RESONANT EXCHANGES OF WAVE
ENERGY OCCUR BETWEEN SURFACE WAVES INDEPENDENT OF THE INTERNAL MOTIONS,
POSSIBLE RESONANCES ALSO INVOLVE A PAIR OF OPPOSITELY-PROPAGATING
SURFACE WAVES WITH A SINGLE INTERNAL WAVE. THEY OCCUR WITH INTERNAL
PROPAGATING PRINCIPALLY IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION ALONG THE CHANNEL AXIS.
(SEE ALSO W72-01094 THRU W72-01112 AND W72-02878 THRU W72-02890)'
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02E
ACCESSION NO. W72-02889
231
-------
MIXED-POPULATION SEDIMENT IN NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENTS,
UNITED STATES LAKE SURVEY, DETROIT, MICH.
S. B. UPCHURCH.
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1-3, 1970,
STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUFFALO, NY, PART 2: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 768-778, 1970. 6 FIG, 16 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, *SEDIMENTATION, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
BED LOAD, SUSPENDED LOAD, PROVENANCE, SEDIMENTOLOGY, SAMPLING, DATA
COLLECTIONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, STATISTICAL METHODS, LITTORAL
DRIFT, EROSION, DEPOS IT ION(SEDIMENTS ), PARTICLE SIZE, DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS, GREAT LAKES.
ABSTRACT:
MIXED-POPULATION ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE LITTORAL
DRIFT DIRECTIONS, PROVENANCE, EROSION AND DEPOSITION SITES, AND BEACH
STABILITY. THE METHOD REQUIRES THAT SEDIMENT BE COMPOSED OF LOGNORMAL
COMPONENTS REPRESENTING DIFFERENT SOURCES OR DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES.
' OBSERVATIONS NEED BE MADE ONLY ONCE FOR PROVENANCE AND DEPOSITIONAL
ENVIRONMENT STUDIES, AND TWICE, SEPARATED BY A SHORT INTERVAL, FOR
DRIFT AND EROSION-DEPOSITION STUDIES. AT LI-TILE LAKE HARBOR, LAKE
SUPERIOR, LITTORAL SEDIMENT IS DERIVED FROM GLACID-LACUSTRINE STRATA
AND CONSISTS OF PEBBLE-COBBLE AND FINE TO MEDIUM SAND POPULATIONS.
SHIFTS OF THESE POPULATIONS INDICATE LITTORAL DRIFT DIRECTIONS AND
EROSION-DEPOSITION SITES. AT LITTLE SABLE POINT, LAKE MICHIGAN,
SEDIMENT IS FINE TO MEDIUM SAND, DIFFERENTIATED DURING TRANSPORTATION
AND DEPOSITION INTO BEACH AND EOLIAN SEDIMENTS.. THE TRACTION,
SALTATION, AND SUSPENSION LOADS CAN BE RECOGNIZED AND ATTRIBUTED TO THE
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS. (SEE ALSO W72-01094 THRU W72-01112 AND
W72-02878 THRU W72-02890) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H, 02J
ACCESSION NO. W72-03120
232
-------
WIND-GENERATED CIRCULATIONS IN LAKES 'ERIE, HURON, MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR,
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES, OTTAWA (ONTARIO). MARINE SCIENCES
BRANCH.
T. S. MURTY, AND D. B. RAO.
PROCEEDINGS THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE ON GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, APRIL 1-3, 1970,
STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUFFALO, NY, PART 2: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, P 927-941, 1970. 8 FIG, 11 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER CIRCULATION, WINDS, CURRENTS(WATER), LAKE ERIE,
LAKE HURON, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE SUPERIOR, CLIMATOLOGY.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LAKE CIRCULATION.
ABSTRACT:
THE.WIND-GENERATED CIRCULATIONS IN LAKES ERIE, HURON, MICHIGAN, AND
SUPERIOR WERE COMPUTED USING A STEADY STATE LINEAR MODEL WITH
TOPOGRAPHY AND ROTATION TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT. THIS HOMOGENOUS MODEL
APPLICABLE TO LATE FALL AND EARLY SPRING SITUATIONS ONLY. THE LAKE ERIE
CIRCULATION PATTERN HAS THREE CELLS. AN ELONGATED CLOCKWISE CELL NEAR
THE SOUTHERN SHORE TERMINATES AT ITS WESTERN BASIN. THIS CELL BECOMES
STRONG TO THE EAST OF ERIE AND PERSISTS TO MIDWAY BETWEEN SILVER CREEK
AND BUFFALO. THE SECOND CELL IS CLOCKWISE AND IS IN THE NORTHERN PART
OF THE LAKE. THE THIRD CELL IS CLOCKWISE AND IT IS IN THE NORTHEASTERN
PART OF THE LAKE. THE CIRCULATION PATTERN IN LAKE HURON HAS FOUR CELLS.
IN THE EASTERN PART THERE IS A STRONG COUNTERCLOCKWISE CELL. IN THE
WESTERN PART THERE IS A CLOCKWISE CELL. MOST OF. THE GEORGIAN BAY IS
OCCUPIED BY AN INTENSE COUNTERCLOCKWISE CELL. THERE IS A WEAK CLOCKWISE
CELL IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE GEORGIAN BAY. IN LAKE MICHIGAN THERE
ARE TWO CELLS: A CLOCKWISE CELL IN THE WESTERN PART AND A
COUNTERCLOCKWISE CELL IN THE EASTERN PART. THE CIRCULATION IN LAKE
SUPERIOR IS BY FAR THE MOST UNORGANIZED WITH GENERALLY COUNTERCLOCKWISE
MOTION IN THE SOUTHERN PORTIONS AND WEAK CLOCKWISE MOTIONS IN THE
NORTHERN PORTIONS. (SEE ALSO W72-01094 THRU W72-01112 AND W72-02878
THRU W72-02890) (KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-03124
233
-------
RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS DIVISION ANNUAL REPORT.
ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB.t ILL.
AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE AS ANL-7760» PART
3, $3.00 IN PAPER COPY, $0.95 IN MICROFICHE. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, JULY
1969 THROUGH DECEMBER 1970, REPORT ANL-7760, PART 3. 269 P.
DESCRIPTORS:
*TRITIUM, *NUCLEAR WASTES, *ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, *AIR POLLUTION,
POLLUTION ABATEMENT, GREAT LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN, METEOROLOGY, GAMMA
RAYS, RADIOISOTOPES, ON-SITE INVESTIGATIONS," CONTROL, WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, LABORATORIES, PATH OF POLLUTANTS, PLANT
ECOLOGY, TRANSPIRATION, ECOSYSTEM, SOIL WATER MOVEMENT,
SOIL-WATER-PLANT RELATIONSHIPS, ABSORPTION, NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS,
FALLOUT, RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES.
IDENTIFIERS:
RADIONUCLIDE UPTAKE.
ABSTRACT:
RESEARCH PROJECTS (27 IN NUMBER) ARE LISTED UNDER THE DIVISIONS: GREAT
' LAKES RESEARCH PROGRAM (10), METEOROLOGY AND AIR POLLUTION (10),
TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY (2), FALLOUT STUDIES (2), AND METHODS AND
TECHNIQUES (3). THE PROJECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION INCLUDE: A
SURVEY OF GAMMA-EMITTING NUCLIDES IN THE BIOTA NEAR THE 70-MW BIG ROCK
POINT REACTOR ON LAKE MICHIGAN WHICH HAS BEEN IN OPERATION SINCE 1963,
COMPARTMENTAL TRANSFER OF TRITIUM INJECTED INTO AN OLD-FIELD ECOSYSTEM,
TRANSPIRATION OF PLANTS USING TRITIATED WATER AS A TRACER, RECENT
TRENDS IN RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT, AND HIGH ALTITUDE RADIOACTIVITY
MEASUREMENTS. (BOPP-ORNL)
FIELD 05C
ACCESSION NO. W72-03349
234
-------
PROPERTIES OF LONGSHORE BARS IN THE GREAT LAKESt
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DETROIT, MICH.
J. H. SAYLOR, AND E. B. HANDS.
IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH COASTAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, SEPTEMBER
13-18, 1970, WASHINGTON, D C, VOLUME 2; AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS, NEW YORK, N Y, P 839-853, 1970. 10 FIG, 15 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SAND BARS, #GREAT LAKES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *B'EACHES, *WATER LEVEL
FLUCTUATIONS, COASTS, WAVES(WATER), SAND SPITS, SANDS, LAKES,
GEOMORPHOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY.
IDENTIFIERS:
*LONGSHORE BARS.
ABSTRACT:
LONGSHORE BARS ARE PERMANENT FEATURES ALONG THE WINDWARD COASTS OF THE
GREAT LAKES. OFFSHORE BARS MIGRATE SIGNIFICANTLY DUE TO CHANGES IN LAKE
LEVEL; A RISE OF ONE-HALF METER IN THE SURFACE OF LAKE MICHIGAN BETWEEN
' 1967 AND 1969 WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A SHOREWARD MOVEMENT OF BAR CRESTS AND
TROUGHS OVER A DISTANCE AVERAGING 30 METERS. ELEVATIONS OF THE CRESTS
AND TROUGHS ARE ALSO BUILT UPWARD TOWARD NEW EQUILIBRIUM LEVELS DURING
RISING WATER LEVELS, BUT ELEVATING OF THE CRESTS LAGS THE INCREASE IN
STAGE. EXTENSIVE SHORE EROSION OCCURS BECAUSE OF THE REDUCED
EFFECTIVENESS OF LONGSHORE BARS IN DISSIPATING INCIDENT WAVE ENERGY.
THE AVERAGE CREST DEPTH INCREASES LINEARLY IN THE OFFSHORE DIRECTION.
AVERAGE DISTANCES BETWEEN CRESTS INCREASE EXPONENTIALLY. THESE
RELATIONSHIPS ARE PRESERVED DURING THE BAR GROWTH AND SHIFTING THAT
ACCOMPANIES LONG TERM CHANGES IN LAKE LEVEL. BAR TROUGHS ARE
CHARACTERISTICALLY CRESCENT SHAPED, WITH NO ABRUPT CHANGES IN SLOPE.
(SEE ALSO W72-03078 THRU W72-03114 AND W72-03572 THRU W72-03607)
(KNAPP-USGS)
FIELD 02J, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-03586
235
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SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES, 1961-65: PART 4. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER
BASIN, VOLUME 1. BASINS OF STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKES SUPERIOR, MICHIGAN, AND
HURON.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D.C.
AVAILABL.E FROM GPO, WASHINGTON, DC 20402 - $3.50 (PAPER COPY). GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1911, 1971. 651 P, 1 FIG, 1 PLATE.
DESCRIPTORS:
*DATA COLLECTIONS, *SURFACE WATERS, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*LAKE HURON, STREAMFLOW, LAKES, RESERVOIRS, "STREAM GAGES,
STAGE-DISCHARGE RELATIONS, LOW FLOW, PEAK DISCHARGE.
IDENTIFIERS:
SURFACE WATER RECORDS, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN.
ABSTRACT:
ONE OF A SERIES OF 37 REPORTS PRESENTING RECORDS OF STAGE, DISCHARGE,
AND.CONTENT OF STREAMS, LAKES, AND RESERVOIRS IN THE UNITED STATES
DURING THE 1961-65 WATER YEARS, THIS REPORT COVERS THE BASINS OF
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKES SUPERIOR, MICHIGAN, AND HURON. THE DATA
GENERALLY COMPRISE A STATION DESCRIPTION AND A TABLE SHOWING DAILY
DISCHARGE AND MONTHLY AND YEARLY DISCHARGES. STATION DESCRIPTIONS GIVE
THE LOCATION, DRAINAGE AREA, RECORDS AVAILABLE, TYPE AND HISTORY OF
GAGES, AVERAGE DISCHARGE, EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE, AND GENERAL REMARKS.
TYPE OF GAGE CURRENTLY IN USE AND DATUM OF THE GAGE ABOVE MEAN SEA
LEVEL, AND A CONDENSED HISTORY OF THE TYPES, LOCATIONS, AND DATUMS OF
PREVIOUS GAGES USED DURING THE RECORD PERIOD ARE LISTED. CONDITIONS
AFFECTING NATURAL FLOW AND INFORMATION QN ACCURACY OF RECORDS ARE
NOTED. TABLES GIVE DAILY, AVERAGE, AND EXTREME DISCHARGES AND YEARLY
TOTALS AND PEAK DISCHARGES. (MYERS-USGS)
FIELD 07C, 02E
ACCESSION NO. W72-03910
236
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EXPANDED PROGRAM FOR PESTICIDE MONITORING OF FISH,
BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, WASHINGTON, D.C.
A. INGLIS, C. HENDERSON, AND W. L. JOHNSON.
PESTICIDES MONITORING JOURNAL, VOL 5, NO It P 47-49, JUNE 1971. 1 FIG, 1 TAB,
4 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*PESTICIDE RESIDUES, ^MONITORING, *LIPIDS, DDT, DIELDRIN, ALDRIN,
ENDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, COLORADO RIVER, COLUMBIA RIVER, DELAWARE RIVER,
HUDSON RIVER, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MISSOURI RIVER, OHIO RIVER, RIO
GRANDE, LAKE ERIE, LAKE HURON, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE ONTARIO, LAKE
SUPERIOR, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, TENNESSEE RIVER.
IDENTIFIERS:
DDE, TDE, BHC, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, CHLORDANE, TOXAPHENE, MERCURY,
ARSENIC, LEAD, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
ABSTRACT:
BEGINNING IN THE FALL OF 1970, 50 NEW STATIONS WERE ADDED TO THE
' ORIGINAL 50 STATIONS SAMPLED ANNUALLY BY THE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES
AND WILDLIFE FOR MONITORING PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FISH. THE ORIGINAL 50
STATIONS, SAMPLED SINCE THE SPRING 1967, WILL BE RETAINED IN THE
EXPANDED PROGRAM. THREE COMPOSITE SAMPLES, EACH CONTAINING 3-5 ADULT
FISH OF A SINGLE SPECIES, WILL BE COLLECTED. ALL COMPOSITE SAMPLES WILL
BE REPLICATED FOR A TOTAL OF 600 SAMPLES ANALYZED ANNUALLY. RESIDUE
ANALYSES WILL BE PERFORMED FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND OUANTITATION OF
DDT, DDE, TDE, DIELDRIN, ALDRIN, ENDRIN, BHC, HEPTACHLOR, HEPTACHLOR
EPOXIDE, CHLORDANE, TOXAPHENE, MERCURY, ARSENIC* AND LEAD. SAMPLES WILL
BE SCREENED FOR THE PRESENCE OF INTERFERING POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL
COMPOUNDS (PCB'S). FISH WILL BE COLLECTED AND HANDLED IN SUCH A MANNER
AS TO PREVENT CONTAMINATION OF THE SAMPLE WITH EXTRANEOUS CHEMICALS.
(MORTLAND-BATTELLE)
FIELD 05A, 05B, 07A
ACCESSION NO. W72-04740
237
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RESIDUES OF POLYCHLOROBIPHENYLS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES,
SHELL RESEARCH LTD., SITTINGBOURNE (ENGLAND). TUNSTALL LAB.
A. RICHARDSON, J. ROBINSON, A. N. CRABTREE, AND M. K. BALDWIN.
PESTICIDES MONITORING JOURNAL, VOL 4, NO 4, P 169-176, MARCH 1971. 6 FIG, 2
TAB, 21 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
^PESTICIDE RESIDUES, *GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, *BIRDS, HERRING, BIRD EGGS,
DDT, SALMON, LAKE MICHIGAN, ENDRIN, DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES, FISH.
IDENTIFIERS:
APOLYCHLOklNATED BIPHENYLS, *MASS SPECTROSCOPY, SHAG, HERON, FISH OIL,
AROCLOR 1254, DDE, COHO SALMON, ODD, CHEMICAL INTERFERENCE, BIOLOGICAL
SAMPLES, MASS SPECTRA.
ABSTRACT:
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL
SAMPLES CONSISTS OF EXTRACTION WITH HEXANE OR HEXANE/ACETONE FOLLOWED
BY CLEANUP WITH DIMETHYLFORMANIDE, HEXANE PARTITION, LIQUID-SOLID
CHROMATOGRAPHY ON FLORISIL, AND DETERMINATION OF THE INSECTICIDE BY
ELECTRON-CAPTURE, GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. DETAILS OF THE METHOD ARE
GIVEN FOR DETERMINING CONCENTRATIONS OF ONE PART PER HUNDRED MILLION IN
ANIMAL TISSUE, FATS, OILS, AND EGGS. COMPARISON OF RELATIVE RETENTION
TIMES FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF HERRING OIL AND HERON EGG SAMPLES WITH
THOSE OF AROCLOR 1254 SUGGESTED THAT CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS MIGHT BE
PRESENT. THIS WAS SUPPORTED BY THE DETECTION OF SIMILAR PEAKS WITH
SIMILAR RETENTION VALUES BY THE MICROCOULOMETR1C DETECTOR. MASS
SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WAS USED TO POSITIVELY
IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR INTERFERENCE IN DETERMINING
ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES. THE PRESENCE OF HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS
OTHER THAN ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
PRESENTS AN ANALYTICAL PROBLEM THAT MAY NOT BE SOLVED BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY. USING CURRENT ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE
TO QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT WITH ANY DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE. (MORTLAND-BATTELLE)
'FIELD 05A
ACCESSION NO. W72-04754
238
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COASTAL SEDIMENTATION OF SOUTHEASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN, FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK,
WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV., KALAMAZOO. DEPT. OF GEOLOGY.
W. T. FOX, R. T. KERHIN, R. A. PICCOLO, AND L. J. STANDING.
WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN GEOLOGY NO 1, NOVEMBER 13, 1970. 50 P,
12 FIG, 14 REF.
DESCRIPTORS:
*SEDIMENTATION, *COASTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, ^SURVEYS, *SEDIMENT TRANSPORT,
HYDROLOGIC DATA, DATA COLLECTIONS, SEDIMENTOLOGY, PARTICLE SIZE, SANDS,
FORECASTING, WATER LEVELS, BEACHES, WATER CIRCULATION, CURRENTS(WATER),
SEDIMENT YIELD.
ABSTRACT:
TEN SHORT PAPERS CONTRIBUTED BY 5 STUDENTS AT WESTERN MICHIGAN
UNIVERSITY ARE PRESENTED CONCERNING SEDIMENTATION PROJECTS IN THE
COASTAL AREAS OF SOUTHEASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN. THE PROJECTS INCLUDE: (1)
TIME-SERIES STUDY OF FORESHORE ZONE IN A NON-TIDAL ENVIRONMENT; (2)
SEDIMENT-TOPOGRAPHY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE INNER-NEARSHORE ZONE; AND 13)
LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT NEAR GLENN, MICHIGAN. COASTAL AREAS OF THE
' GREAT LAKES AFFORD EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDIES OF COASTAL
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS. THIS IS PARTICULARLY THE CASE FOR BEACHES AND
NEARSHORE ZONES. THE ABSENCE OF APPRECIABLE. TIDES ACTUALLY IS A PLUS
FACTOR IN STUDYING SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES. IT ENABLES ONE TO CONSIDER
THE LAKES AS LARGE MODELS WITHOUT HAVING THE SCALE PROBLEMS OF
LABORATORY STUDIES. STEADILY INCREASING LAKE LEVELS SINCE THE ALL TIME
RECORDED LOWS OF 1963-64 HAVE CAUSED EXTENSIVE COASTAL EROSION. LEVELS
OF 1969 APPROACHED THE HIGHEST RECORDED LEVELS AND CAUSED MORE THAN
20,000,000 DOLLARS IN PROPERTY LOSS AND DAMAGE..BEACH STUDIES DURING
CYCLES OF LAKE LEVEL CHANGES CAN AID IN PREDICTING RATES OR EROSION AND
ACCRETION FOR FUTURE CHANGES. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 02J, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-04807
239
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QUALITY STATUS OF SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN,
CHICAGO DEPT. OF WATER AND SEWERS, ILL.
J. C. VAUGHN, AND P. A. REED.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION, VOL 64, NO 2, P 100-107,
FEBRUARY 1972. 17 FIG, 8 TAB.
DESCRIPTORS:
*WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES, *WATER POLLUTION
TREATMENT, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ILLINOIS, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, MUNICIPAL
WASTES, POLLUTION ABATEMENT, WATER ANALYSIS, WATER QUALITY, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, DATA COLLECTIONS.
IDENTIFIERS:
*CHICAGO(ILL).
ABSTRACT:
SINCE 1969 THERE HAS BEEN A MEASURABLE AND CONTINUED IMPROVEMENT IN
WATER QUALITY OF LAKE MICHIGAN AT CHICAGO, RESULTING IN CONSIDERABLE
REDUCTION IN DIFFICULTY AND COST OF WATER TREATMENT. MOST OF THE
MEASURED PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY SHARED IN THIS IMPROVEMENT. THE
CITY OF CHICAGO HAS AN AGGRESSIVE POSITION IN ABATING INDUSTRIAL AND
MUNICIPAL POLLUTION ON THE SOUTHERN END OF LAKE MICHIGAN. DATA OF WATER
ANALYSES ARE GIVEN FOR THE PERIOD 1950 TO 1971. THE MAXIMUM ACTIVATED
CARBON DOSAGE REQUIRED FOR TREATMENT OF OIL REFINERY HYDROCARBON ODORS
DECREASED DURING 1970 TO A VALUE BELOW ANY PREVIOUS ONE. THE AVERAGE
CONCENTRATION FOR TOTAL PHOSPHATE IN 1969 WAS 0.05 PPM; IN 1970 IT WAS
0.06 PPM. IN 1969, 60% OF DETERMINATIONS WERE ABOVE 0.04 PPM; IN 1970,
85* WERE ABOVE THIS VALUE. IN 1971 THE CITY PASSED AN ORDINANCE BANNING
THE USE OF PHOSPHATES IN DETERGENTS SOLD IN THE CITY AFTER JULY 1,
1972. (WOODARD-USGS)
FIELD 05G, 05B, 02H
ACCESSION NO. W72-05990
240
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FIELD ASSESSMENT OF N2-FIXATION BY LEGUMES AND BLUE-GREEN ALGAE WITH THE
ACETYLENE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE,
WISCONSIN UNIV.t MADISON. DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY.
T. H. MAGUE.
PH.D. THESIS, 1971. 177 P, 17 FIGt 10 TAB, 67 REF. OWRR B-024-WIS(2).
DESCRIPTORS:
^NITROGEN FIXATION, *ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *LEGUMES, *CROPS,
*EUTROPHICATION, *LAKES, *GAS CHROMATOGRAPH/, *CYANOPHYTA, AIR
TEMPERATURE, TROPHIC LEVEL, SOYBEANS, GREAT LAKES, WATER POLLUTION
EFFECTS, LAKES.
IDENTIFIERS:
LIGHT INTENSITY, *NODULES, LAKE MENDOTA(WIS), TROUT LAKE, GREEN
BAY(WIS), ACETYLENE REDUCTION ANALYSIS.
ABSTRACT:
THE NITROGEN-FIXING ENZYME SYSTEM PRESENT IN NITROGEN-FIXING ORGANISMS
HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN TO REDUCE ACETYLENE TO ETHYLENE IN
' STOICHIOMETRIC AMOUNTS. THE RELATIVELY SIMPLE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR
THE ASSAY HAS ALLOWED EXTENSIVE STUDIES OF NITROGEN-FIXATION IN THE
FIELD. THE ACETYLENE REDUCTION ANALYSIS ON TWENTY SAMPLINGS FROM LAKE
MENDOTA, WISCONSIN REVEALED TWO PEAKS TO N2-FIXING ACTIVITIES WHICH
WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF FILAMENTOUS HETEROCYSTOUS
BLUE-GREEN ALGAE. ALSO, THE TROPHIC LEVELS OF FOUR NORTHERN WISCONSIN
LAKES WERE DEFINED IN TERMS OF THE RATES OF ACETYLENE REDUCTION.
SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM LAKES SUPERIOR, HURON, AND MICHIGAN IN SEPTEMBER
1970 SHOWED PRACTICALLY NO ACETYLENE REDUCTION;.WHEREAS, VARIATIONS
WERE FOUND IN SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT REACHES OF GREEN BAY OF
LAKE MICHIGAN. DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN ACETYLENE REDUCTION RATES BY
SOYBEAN NODULES EXCISED EVERY HOUR FROM FIELD-GROWN PLANTS WERE
DEPENDENT BOTH ON LIGHT INTENSITY AND AIR TEMPERATURE. AFTER SUNSET,
ACETYLENE REDUCTION RATES OF OVER ONE-HALF THE MAXIMUM DAYLIGHT RATE
WERE OBSERVED. THESE EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATED THE SUITABILITY OF THE
ACETYLENE REDUCTION ASSAY FOR FOLLOWING CHANGES IN RATES OF N2-FIXATION
BY NODULATED LEGUMES IN THE FIELD AND BY BLUE-GREEN ALGAE IN LAKES. IN
ADDITION, THE ASSAY SERVED TO DEFINE VARIOUS TROPHIC LEVELS OF LAKES
AND TO LOCATE ZONES OF EUTROPHICATION IN THE GREAT LAKES.
(BURRIS-WISCONSIN)
FIELD 05C, 02H, 05B
ACCESSION NO. W72-06294
241
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MEREDDSIA LAKE DRAINAGE AND LEVEE DIST. V. SANITARY DIST. OF CHICAGO (LIABILITY
OF SANITARY DISTRICT FOR OVERFLOW OF RIVER LEVEES).
268 ILL. APP. 93-125 (1932).
DESCRIPTORS:
^ILLINOIS, ^DRAINAGE DISTRICTS, *CITIES, *MUNICIPAL WASTES, FLOOD
DAMAGE, LAKE MICHIGAN, RIVERS, NAVIGABLE RIVERS, LEVEES, DIKES, WASTE
DILUTION, WASTE TREATMENT, SEWAGE DISPOSAL, FLOOD PROTECTION,
DISCHARGE(WATER), FLOOD CONTROL, WATER INJURY, LEGAL ASPECTS, JUDICIAL
DECISIONS.
ABSTRACT:
PLAINTIFF DRAINAGE DISTRICT SUED DEFENDANT SANITARY DISTRICT TO RECOVER
DAMAGES FROM SURFACE WATER OVERFLOW. PLAINTIFF CONTENDED THAT DEFENDANT
HAD DISCHARGED EXCESSIVE WATER INTO THE ILLINOIS RIVER, CAUSING IT TO
OVERFLOW AND FLOOD PLAINTIFF'S LAND. DEFENDANT DIVERTED WATER FROM LAKE
MICHIGAN AND THE CHICAGO RIVER TO DILUTE MUNICIPAL SEWAGE FROM CHICAGO.
THE QUANTITY OF WATER AUTHORIZED FOR DIVERSION WAS DIRECTLY
PROPORTIONAL TO CHICAGO'S POPULATION. DEFENDANT CONTENDED THAT
PLAINTIFF'S ACTION WAS BARRED BECAUSE IT WAS BASED UPON A PERMANENT
INJURY ARISING MORE THAN FIVE YEARS BEFORE INITIATION OF THE SUIT, THUS
FALLING OUTSIDE THE FIVE YEAR STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS. PLAINTIFF ALLEGED
THE INJURY WAS ONLY TEMPORARY AND RECURRING; THUS, A NEW CAUSE AROSE
PERIODICALLY, DISENGAGING THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS. THE ILLINOIS
APPELLATE COURT DETERMINED THAT THE CAUSE ALLEGED PERMANENT INJURY
BECAUSE PLAINTIFF'S LEVEES AND DYKES WERE WASHED AWAY, AND THE DITCHES
WERE ENLARGED BY THE FLOODWATERS. HENCE, THE COURT HELD THAT
PLAINTIFF'S ACTION WAS BARRED BY THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
(HART-FLORIDA)
FIELD 06Et 05G
ACCESSION NO. W72-06904
242
-------
S EFFECTS, MESOTROPHY.:
IAN RIGHTS, *BOUNDAR/ ^MICHIGAN,
ARIES!PROPERTY), *C/ ^WISCONSIN,
IGESTION, *NESSLERIZATION, LAKE/
UTION ABATEMENT/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ILIZATION, ^POLLUTION ABATEMENT,
OGY,/ *LAKE MICHIGAN, *MICHIGAN,
L GOVERNMENT,/ *EROSION CONTROL,
ICHIGAN, *WATER TEMPERATURE, AI/
SE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *RECREATION,
UTION SOURCES, *WATER POLLUTION,
WATER POLLUTION, *AIR POLLUTION,
WASTES, *ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
HERMAL GRADIENT, SATELLITE DATA/
KES, *LAKE BEDS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
AKE MICHIGAN, *AIRCRAFT, *WATER/
MIC FEASIBILITY, TIME.:
MIC FEASIBILITY, LOCATION, ACCE/
T PLANNING, SAND BARS, CLAY LOA/
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, WAVE PR/
ACCESS ROUTES, LOCATING.:
CTS, DEVELOPMENT RATE, SURVIVAL/
COPPER, IRON, IONS, PHOSPHATES,/
ATION, GROWTH RAT/ *FORECASTING,
, *EUTROPHICATION, *GREAT LAKES,
LLUTION SOURCES, */ *OILY WATER,
ROMATOGRAPHY, PESTICIDE REMOVAL,
*CROPS, *E/ ^NITROGEN FIXATION,
, *LAKE MICHIGAN, CHEATED WATER,
ATA COLLECTIONS, * INVERTEBRATES,
PERIPHYTON/ ^THERMAL POLLUTION,
BENTHIC FAUNA, AQUATIC ANIMALS,
NALYSIS, *BIORHYTHMS, COLIFORMS,
Y, *WATER COSTS, *COST ANALYSIS,
*WATER RESOURCES, *GROUNOWATER,
LAKE MICHIGAN, SEDIMENT-WATER I/
IOUES, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
UREMENT, *PRECI/ BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
ION C/ PETROMYZON MARINUS, *TFM,
G, *WATER QUALITY, *WATER TYPES,
ER POLLUTIO/ *WATER CIRCULATION,
ND BARS, DATA COLLECTI/ *STORMS,
^BEACHES, *OCEAN WAVES, *LAKES,
BEACH EROSION, LAKE MICHIGAN, L/
AN, *ILLINOISf *WATER POLLUTION,
SHORES, *RECREATION, *PLANNING,
AN, ^ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION,
S, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
OFILES, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS.:
RAGE, *DR/ *TUNNELS, ^UNDERFLOW,
*EUTROPHICATION, *GREAT LAKES,
IDENTIFICATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
MERCURY, R/ ^MERCURY POLLUTION,
*ZOOPLANKTON, ^SAMPLING, *LAKES,
IGAN,/ *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
AETES, WATER POLLU/ *EVALUATION,
POWER PLAN/ *THERMAL POLLUTION,
, *SEWAGE FERTILIZATION EFFECTS,
*ACCELERATED EUTROPHICATI ON, MAN'
*ACCRETION(LEGAL ASPECTS), *RIPAR
*ACCRETION(LEGAL ASPECTS), *BOUND
*ACETYLENE REDUCTION, *KJELDAHL D
^ADMINISTRATION, *PROGP.AMS, *POLL
-ADMINISTRATION, *GEOLOGY, *FLOOO
^ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, *HYDROL
^ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES, *FEDERA
*ADVECTION, *METEOROLOGY, *LAKE M
^AESTHETICS, APRIORITIES, *SHORES
*AIR CONTAMINANT, *EMISSION.:
*AIR POLLUTION, *AIR POLLUTION EF
*AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS, *WATER OU
*AIR POLLUTION, POLLUTION ABATEME
^AIRBORNE TEMPERATURE SURVEYS, *T
^AIRCRAFT, *WATER VALUES, *WATER
*DIKES, *LAKE BEDS, *L
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *ECONO
*AIRPORTS,
^AIRPORTS,
*AIRPORTS,
*AIRPORTS,
*AIRPORTS,
*AIRPORTS,
*ALEWIVES,
*ALGAE,
*ALGAE,
*LAKE
*LAKE
#LAKE
*LAKE
WATER
*FRESH
=l=PLANT
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
SECOND
PROJEC
DIKES,
DIKES,
TEMPERATURE EFFE
WATER, *PEPTIDES,
GROWTH, *EUTROPHIC
*ALGAE, NUTRIENTS, PHOSPHORUS, PO
^ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *WATER PO
^ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CIELDRIN,
^ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *LEGUMES,
*AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT, *WATER TEMP
*AQUATIC INSECTS, RESISTANCE MORT
*AQUATIC LIFE, BENTHOS, PLANKTON,
*AQUATIC POPULATIONS, *LARVICIDES
^'AQUATIC POPULATIONS.:- /SYSTEMS A
*AQUIFERS, WATER SOURCES, WATER D
*AQUIFERS, *SURFACE WATERS, LAKE
^ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, *SEDIMENTS, *
*ASPHALT, OIL-WATER INTERFACE, LA
^ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION, *MEAS
*BAY LUSCIDE, *RECOVERY, *POPULAT
*BAYS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER POLL
*BAYS, *RIVERS, CONDUCTIVITY, WAT
*BEACH EROSION, *LAKE MICHIGAN SA
*BEACH EROSION, LAKE MICHIGAN, LA
*BEACHES, *OCEAN WAVES, *LAKES, *
*BEACHES, TURBIDITY, PHOSPHATES,
*BEACHES, LAKES, SHORES, RECREATI
*BEACHES, RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
*BEACHES, *WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIO
*BEDROCK FRAMEWORK, SUB-BOTTOM PR
*BENEFICIAL USE, *UNDERGROUND STO
*BENTHOS, *INDICATORS, BIOMASS, S
*BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, POLLU
*BIOCONCENTRATION, CONCENTRATION,
*BIOGEOGRAPHY, GREAT LAKES, LAKE
*B 10 INDICATORS, *COLIFORMS, *MICH
*BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES, *OLIGOCH
^BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES, ^THERMAL
^BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY, AQUATIC
W68-
W71-
W70-
W/?-
W71-
WTO-
WTO-
W70-
W7?-
W7?-
W70-
W71-
W71-
W72-
W71-
W70-
W70-
W70-
W70-
W70-
W70-
WTO-
WTO-
W69-
W71-
WTO-
W69-
WT1-
WT2-
W T 1
WTO-
W71-
W70-
W68
WT1-
WT1
WT1-
W69
W69
WTO
WT1
W72
W72-
W71
WT1-
WTO-
WTO
WTO
WT2-
W69
WTO-
WT2
W72-
WT1
WTO-
WT1-
W71-
WT1-
W69
-07341
-104T9
-01373
-04256
-09623
-09622
-06207
-028ft!
-02595
-03345
-03764
-03764
-03349
-05120
-06921
-06921
-04441
-04442
-OA443
-04439
-04440
-08922
-10180
-11033
-00667
-05421
-07690
-06294
-03474
-07407
-05137
-07407
-00467
-0812.3
-06696
-01325
-05421
-00406
-07407
-13828
-01104
-02340
-08169
-08169
-10360
-03338
-03339
-03586
-01619
-09798
-01105
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-08610
-03506
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243
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Et *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE ONTARI/
A COLLECTIONSt SYSTEMS ANALYSIS,
E RESIDUES, *GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
, *LAKE BEDS, SEDIMENTS, CLAYS
, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SE ISMOGRAPHS
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *HEAVY METALS,
RACE ELEMENTS, *CARBONt *LAKE
TRY, *MANGANESE, *LAKE MICHIGAN
, *INDIANA, *SAND BARS, BEACHES/
, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *WATER CHEMIS/
, '-ILLINOIS., STRATIGRAPHY, (
, POLLUTANT IDENTI/ ^PHOSPHORUS
, MINERALOGY, WATER CHEMISTRY,
, *CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TRACE EL
, *TRACE ELEMENTS, *GEOCHEM ISTR/
NSIN, *ACCRETION(LEGAL ASPECTS),
EGAL ASPECTS), "'RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
LEGI/ *WISCONSIN, *JURISD ICTI ON,
EGISL/ ^ILLINOIS, -'JURISDICTION,
PORTIONM/ *WISCONSIN, *MICHIGAN
AYS, ANIMAL PATHOLOGY, PE/ *DDT ,
AVIGABLE WATERS, *PUBL 1C RIGHTS,
TS, *SEDIMENTS, *TRACE ELEMENTS,
EASTS, PH/ *FUNGI, *WATER, *MUD
,/ '"'ILLINOIS, *NAVIGABLE RIVERS,
S, LAKE ERIE, LAKE/ *RIVER FLOW,
S, ADMINIST/ "'ILLINOIS, *SEWAGE,
TY, #CHEMIC/ *THERMAL POLLUTION
KICAL REACTIONS, *WATER QUALITY,
INDANE, BHC, CHLODRANE, METHYL
N, *EUTROPHI/ *DATA COLLECTIONS,
SH POPULATIONS, *EUTROPHICATI ON,
OTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
SEWERS.: ^CHICAGO WATER WORKS,
AUKEE METR/ *METROPOL ITAN AREAS,
GO SANITARY CANAL, ILLINOIS RIV/
R QUALITY CRITERIA, *EFFLUENT C/
PARTMENT OF WATER AND SEWERS.:
*URBAN WATER SUPPLY,
CALUMET RIVERULL),/ *POLLUTION,
CONFERENCE ON POLLUTION OF
ITARY WATER BOARD, CHICAGO l>
DIST/ *COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS
DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO, *
N, *DDT, MORTALITY, *GREAT LAK
DS, DENSITY C/ *CURRENTS(WATER
*CURRENTS(WATER
CURRENTS (WATER
*CURRENTS(WATER
*CURRENTS(WATER
N RIGHTS, LEGISLATI/ *WISCONSIN
DISTRIBUTION, *MUNICIPAL WATER
*ILLINOIS, ^DRAINAGE DISTRICTS,
MICHIGAN, *M/
SITY CURRENTS/
DS, EDDIES, T/
THEMATICAL MO/
I/
S,
Y,
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S,
S,
M/
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S,
S,
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),
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*BIOLOGY, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE ERI
*BIORHYTHMS, COLIFORMS, *AQUATIC
*BIRDS, HERRING, BIRD EGGS, DDT,
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
^BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *SEDIMENTARY S
^BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *SEDIMENTS, *T
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, PROVENANCE, WA
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
'^BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
-BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
^BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
^BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN
*BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), *CITIES, L
*BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY ), LAND TENUR
*BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY), *STREAMS,
*BOUNDARIES(SURFACES), *RIVERS, L
'-BOUNDARY DISPUTES, *EQUITABLE AP
^BROMINE, *IODINE.:
*BROOK TROUT, *FOOD CHAIN, BIOASS
*BULKHEAD LINE, LEGISLATION, LEGA
*CARBON, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *DATA CO
^CATTAILS, *MARSHESt WISCONSIN, Y
^CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT, *NAVIGATION
"'CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT, *GREAT LAKE
^CHANNELS, *WASTE DISPOSAL, CITIE
*CHEMICAL REACTIONS, *WATER' QUALI
^CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, EUTROPHICAT
*CHEMICAL RECOVERY, *PARATHION, L
^CHEMICAL ANALYSES, *LAKE MICHIGA
^CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, NUTRIENTS,
^CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TRACE ELEMENT
^CHICAGO DEPARTMENT OF. WATER AND
^CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA, *MILW
--CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA, CHICA
^CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA, *WATE
^CHICAGO WATER WORKS, *CHICAGO DE
^CHICAGO. :
^CHICAGO! ILLINOIS).:
*CHICAGO(ILL), COOK COUNTY(ILL),
*CHICAGO(ILL).:
^CHICAGO, *POLDER.:
^CHICAGO, *POLICY MAKING.:
^CHICAGO, *LAKEFRONT DEVELOPMENT.
^CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.:
^CHICAGO, SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN,
^CHICAGO, GEOGRAPHY, ILLINOIS SAN
*CHICAGO, *METROPOLITAN SANITARY
*CHICAGO, *METROPOLITAN SANITARY
*CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, *SALMO
^CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, WIN
^CIRCULATION, ^TEMPERATURE , *LAKE
^CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, DEN
^CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, WIN
^CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *MA
*CITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *RIPARIA
*CITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *PLANNIN
^CITIES, ^MUNICIPAL WASTES, FLOOD
W70-01943
W68-00467
W72-0475^
W69-01652
W71-11751
W7.1-07286
W71-0506't
W71-05563
W71-05568
W71-05570
W70-10?7^
W71-03703
W70-063?4
W70-067AR
W70-06325
W70-10479
W71-023A1
W70-028A1
W69-09129
W71-03626
W69-08562
W71-11508
W70-02907
W71-05064
W72-00151
W69-09119
W69-02693
W71-09245
W71-12092
W71-12092
W71-04201
W69-01623
W6R-00247
W70-06748
W70-05255
W71-03764
W72-02598
W72-02600
W70-05255
W71-05824
W71-0700A
W70-00263
W72-05990
W70-06921
W70-04899
W71-03761
W70-03338
W70-08433
W70-09623
W70-09799
W70-09798
W71-01270
W69-03334
W69-03350
W69-03347
W69-03348
W69-03349
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W70-05255
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244
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ON, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *B/ *RUNOFF,
ASPECTS), *BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY),
OIS, DIVERSION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
RCE DEVELOPMENT/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ATION, PLANNING/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
SPHERIC), *STORMS, *LAKE MICHIG/
*WATER VALUES, *WATER RESOURCES,
, *SEDIMENT TRA/ *SED IMENTATION,
ALITY.:
*DDT BODILY DISTRIBUTION.:
*DIELDRIN,
LLUTION SOURCES, *B 10 INDICATORS,
GO, *METROPOLITAN SANITARY DIST/
ARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO,
T OF CHICAGO, *DEEP TUNNEL PLAN,
KE MICHIGAN, *FISH CONSERVATION,
ADMINISTRA/ *INDIANA, *PERMITS,
RMINALS, PORT AND WATERWAY DEVE/
TING USES,-/ ^REGIONAL PLANNING,
TING USES, *WATERFRONT DEVELOPM/
ONT DEVELOPM/ *CONFLICTING USES,
AID, TECHN/ *REGIONAL PLANNING,
, *WAVES(WATER), *LAKE MICHIGAN,
EMENT, *STATE BOUNDA/ *COUNTIES,
ER POLLUTION SOURCES, *PHOSPHOR/
LAKES, LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE HURO/
PLANNING, ^WATERFRONT DEVELOPM/
ANNING, COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING,
VELOPM/ ^COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING,
TIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *PLANNING,
TER QUALITY, *HYDRAULICS, *DIKE,
STEMS, *WATER LEVELS,/ *INDIANA,
L / *INDIANA, *PORT AUTHORITIES,
S, CARGO DIVERSION/ CONTAINERS,
S, CARGO PORTS, CARGO DIVERSION/
LTI-DEPTH PLANKTON INDICATOR, T/
TION, L/ *WISCONSIN, *RAILROADS,
RE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, ISOTHERMS,
ICATION, WIND/ *CURRENTS(WATER>,
D), *WATER SUPPLY, *WATER COSTS,
*DIKE, *CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS,
ON, *ENFORCEMENT, *STATE BOUNDA/
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *LEGUMES,
(WATER), *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WINDS,
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*COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS.: /ANIT
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*COMMERCIAL FISHING, *REGULATION,
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*COMPUTER PROGRAMS, *WATER LEVEL
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W70-09798
W70-06951
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W70-00378
W70-00114
W70-02032
W70-02035
W70-02033
W70-02036
W71-11775
W69-07636
W71-07361
W71-05561
W70-02033
W70-02032
W70-02035
W70-05255
W71-02158
W70-00127
W70-00116
W72-00385
W72-00385
W71-08665
W70-02909
W71-07667
W70-00153
W71-08123
W71-02158
W69-07636
W72-06294
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W71-05893
W71-13178
W70-00153
W69-03334
W69-03350
W69-03348
W69-03347
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W70-00195
W69-01623
W72-03910
W71-05064
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245
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.MICHIGANf *STATISTICAL METHODSt
*COHO SALMON, LONG-TERM EFFECTS,
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*DIKES, *LAKE BEDS, *LAKE MICHIGA
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*DISPERSION, *RIVER FLOW, *LAKE M
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246
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*AIR CONTAMINANT,
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*FISH CONSERVATION, LEGISLATION,
247
W70-03345
W71-05119
W69-07636
W70-04439
W10-04440
W70-04441
W70-04442
W70-04443
W71-11517
W72-02460
W72-02459
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W69-02631
W70-00392
W71-03908
W70-06207
W71-11473
W71-12072
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W71-11033
W71-11031
W72-01105
W72-01373
W71-04638
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W71-08665
W71-00141
W70-03311
W70-07269
W70-00667
W69-01620
W69-01623
W69-01650
W69-01649
W69-08518
W69-09311
W69-09349
W69-09315
W68-00247
W68-00467
W68-00476
W68-00683
W6'8-01244
W72-06294
W71-09174
W69-10180
W72-02888
W70-04705
W71-08680
W70-02036
W70-06207
W70-06205
W69-07648
W69-02419
W70-02512
W70-06951
W71-01971
W70-00116
W70-00195
-------
ISH/ *WISCONSIN, *LAKE MICHIGAN*
N, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE SUPERIOR,
N, *CHEMICAL PROP/ *GREAT LAKES,
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ULATION, ADMINISTRAT/ *ILLINOIS,
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*FISH CONSERVATION, COMMERCIAL F W69-06377
*FISH POPULATIONS, LAKES, DISSOLV W68-00683
*FISH POPULATIONS, *EUTROPHICAT10 W68-00247
*FISH, INTERSTATE COMPACTS, *FIS W70-00946
*FISH, *WILDLIFE.: /ED PROTECT. A W70-0962?
*FISHING GEAR, LEGISLATION, REGUL W70-00946
*FLOOD CONTROL, LAKES, LAKE MICHI W69-03143
*FLOOD CONTROL, ^STOCHASTIC PROCE W69-09365
*FLOOD CONTROL, *TUNNELS, *UNDERF W70-09799
*FLOOD CONTROL, *RECREATION, *NAV W70-09623
*FLOOD CONTROL, *WATER SUPPLY, *W W70-09798
*FLOOD CONTROL, *RIRRIGATION, *NA W70-09622
*FLOOD CONTROL, *LAKE MICHIGAN, * W70-06951
*FLOOD DAMAGE, BANK STABILITY, MI W71-03908
*FLOOD FLOW DIVERSION, LAKE SYSTE W69-03143
*FLOODING, *ELECTRTC POWER PRODUC W71-09395
*FLOW RATES, *EUTROPHICATION, POL W69-09311
*FOOD CHAIN, BIOASSAYS, ANIMAL PA W71-11508
*FOOD CHAINS, LAKE MICHIGAN, ZOOP W'M-10999
^FORECASTING, *ALGAE, *PLANT GROW W71-11033
^FORECASTING, *PREFERENCES, SWIMM W70-08709
*FOURIER ANALYSIS, *WAVES(WATER), W71-11775
*FRESH WATER, *PEPTIDES, COPPER, W69-10180
*FRY MORTALITY.: W70-08647
*FUNGI, *WATER, *MUD, *CATTAILS, W72-00151
*GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, ^POLLUTANT I W71-11905
*GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, *CYANOPHYTA, W72-06294
*GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, *BIRDS, HERR W72-04754
*GEOCHEMISTRY, *MANGANESE, *LAKE W71-05563
*GEOCHEMISTRY, *MANGANESE, ARSENI W70-06325
*GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS, *LAKE B W69-01619
*GEOLOGY, *FLOOD CONTROL, *RECREA W70-09623
*GEOLOGY, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELO W70-09622
*GEOLOGY, ^POPULATION, *WATER RES W70-09625
*GEOMORPHOLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, S W72-02268
*GEOMORPHOLOGY, *SHORES, *LAKE MI W72-02341
#GRAND RIVER BASIN(MICH), *WATERS W71-13808
*LAKES* EUTROPHICAT W72-01094
*BENTHOS, *INDICATO W72-01105
^INVESTMENT, *TRANS W72-00385
WATER POLLUTION, WA W72-00247
*WATER POLLUTION CO W71-06053
LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE W71-05561
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *HY W71-10787
LAKE MICHIGAN, *PUB W71-07690
LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE W70-07269
LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE W70-09972
LAKE SUPERIOR, LAKE W70-07407
*DIELDRIN, *DDT, CH W70-07138
*WATER RESOURCES, W W70-06658
*LITTORAL DRIFT, *S W71-03908
LAKE MICHIGAN, FISH W71-01270
*LAKE SUPERIOR, *EU W70-03311
NUTRIENTS, PLANKTON W69-01620
*FISH POPULATIONS, W68-00247
*EUTROPHICATION, *H W69-09315
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *W W69-08562
*MODEL STUDIES, *FL W69-09311
*WATER LEVELS, *REG W69-09422
*JURISDICTION, *LAK W69-07636
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
*GREAT
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,"
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LAKES,
248
-------
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, WATER /
IVER FLOW, *CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT,
ATIONS, *HYDROLOGIC BUDGET, LEG/
PHOS/ *ECOLOGY, *EUTROPH1CAT ION,
N LAND, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, MICHI/
ICHIGAN, *LAKE ONTARI/ *BIOLOGY,
WINDS, CURRENTS(WATER), LAKE E/
ACHES, *WATER LEVEL/ *SAND BARS,
LUMBRICULIDAE, NAIDIDAE, LEECHE/
AIDIDAE.:
*NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS,
/ ^WISCONSIN, *WATER RESOURCES,
D, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT,
S, MATHE/ *NICHES, *ZOOPLANKTON,
ERRIES.:
AL GOVERNMENTS, LAKE/ *ILLINOIS,
ER, SCOTTISH MARINE BIOLOGICAL /
.RATE, SURVIVAL, *EGG MORTALITY,
MORTALITY, FISHKILL, FISH EGGS,
ERMAL POLLUTION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*PATH OF POLLUTANTS, *PUBL1C H/
*LAKE MICHIGA/ *TRACE ELEMENTS,
CROWDING, CITY SWIM/ *MODELING,
MATERIALS, *CO/ *WATER QUALITY,
E, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*WAVES(WATER), CURRENTS (WATER )/
AKES, *WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS,
HIGAN, *ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES,
*GREAT LAKES, *EUTROPHICATION,
*WATER POLICY, *WATER POLLUTION/
EVELS, *REGULATION, ADMINISTRAT/
RIES(SURFACES), *RIVERS, LEGISL/
ENTS, BEDS, LAKES, LAKE MICHIGA/
RITIES, INTERSTATE COMMISSIONS,
ANNEL IMPROVEMENT, *NAVIGATION,/
UITABLE APPORTIONMENT, *INTERST/
ATERS, *LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LAKE/
ARY ENGINEERING, *PUBL1C HEALTH/
ITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *INDIANA,
DISPOSAL, LEGISLATION, *PERMITS,
OTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
OPMENT, *WATER / *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*WATER QUALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
SION, ADJUDICATION P/ *NEW YORK,
E, *DIVERSION, WISCONSIN, MISSO/
PARIAN RIGHTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, /
EMENTS, *PARKS, REAL PROPERTY, /
*WATER QUALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*WATER QUALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ARDS, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,/
URCES DEVELOPMENT, *GROUNDWATER,
ASTE DISPOSAL, CITIES, ADMINIST/
AN, *LANDFILLS, LEGISLATION, AD/
LECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION, CITIE/
, AESTHETICS, SEWAGE, ATTITUDES,
LING, MINING, LANDFILLS, WASTES,
IGAN, *CITIES, WISCONSIN, MICHI/
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER POLLUTION, * W69-03948
*GREAT LAKES, LAKE ERIE, LAKE MIC W69-02693
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER LEVEL FLUCTU W69-03947
*GREAT LAKES, *ALGAE, NUTRIENTS, W70-00667
*GREAT LAKES, *LITTORAL, *RIPARIA W70-00574
*GREAT LAKES, *LAKE ERIE, *LAKE M W70-01943
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER CIRCULATION, W72-03124
*GREAT LAKES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *BE W72-03586
*GREEN BAY(WIS), FOX RIVER(WIS), W71-09174
*GREEN BAY(WIS), LUMBRICULIDAE, N W71-11031
*GREEN BAYILAKE MICHIGAN).: W71-13828
*GROUNDWATER COSTS.: W71-08123
*GROUNDWATER, *AQUIFERS, *SURFACE W71-06696
*GROUNDWATER, *ILLINOIS, WATER BA W71-07004
*HABITATS, LAKE MICHIGAN, ANALYSI W72-01096
*HARBOR FACILITIES," *DOCK LINE, F W70-02907
*HARBOR FEES, DELEGATION DOCTRINE W69-07311
*HARBORS, *NAVIGABLE WATERS, *LOC W69-07311
*HARDY CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORD W70-03506
*HATCHING SUCCESS, *INCUBATION TI W70-08922
*HATCHING, *VIABILITY, INCUBATION W70-08922
CHEATED WATER, *AQUATIC ENVIRONME W71-03474
*HEAVY METALS, *STREAM POLLUTION, W71-08610
*HEAVY METALS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, W71-07286
*HOLLAND(MICH).: W71-11775
*HUMAN RESPONSE, NATURAL BEACHES, W70-08709
*HYDRAULICS, *DIKE, ^CONSTRUCT ION W71-02158
*HYDROGRAPHY, WATER TEMPERATURE, W71-10787
*HYDROLOGIC CYCLE, *TEMPERATURE, W71-13178
*HYDROLOGIC BUDGET, LEGAL ASPECTS W69-03947
*HYDROLOGY, *GEOLOGY, *WATER RESO W70-09622
*HYPOLIMNION, *LAKE MORPHOMETRY, W69-09315
*ILLINOIS, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, W69-08172
*ILLINOIS, *GREAT LAKES, *WATER L W69-09422
*ILLINOIS, ^JURISDICTION, *BOUNDA W69-09129
*ILLINOIS, *PARKS, *LOCAL GOVERNM W69-10186
^ILLINOIS, *INDIANA, STATE GOVERN W70-00114
^ILLINOIS, *NAVIGABLE RIVERS, *CH W69-09119
*ILLINOIS, INTERNATIONAL LAW, *EQ W69-02631
^ILLINOIS, *HARBORS, *NAVIGABLE W W69-07311
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SANIT W70-00940
^ILLINOIS, INTERSTATE COMMISSIONS W70-00192
^ILLINOIS, DIVERSION STRUCTURES, W68-01380
*ILLINOIS, STRATIGRAPHY, GLACIAL W70-10274
*ILLINOIS, *WATER RESOURCES DEVEL W70-09623
^ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, *BEA W70-10360
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *DIVER W71-02601
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWAG W71-02613
*ILLINOIS, *SCENIC EASEMENTS, *RI W71-01724
^ILLINOIS, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, *EAS W71-02587
*ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, COLI W70-03140
=f=ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, *BEA W70-03339
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *STAND W72-00196
*ILLINOIS, WATER BALANCE, URBANIZ W71-07004
*ILLINOIS, *SEWAGE, *CHANNELS, *W W71-09245
^ILLINOIS, *PERMITS, *LAKE MICHIG W71-09443
*ILLINOIS, *SEWAGE, *FLOODING, *E W71-09395
^ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN.: /TION W72-02459
*ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN.: /DRIL W72-02460
*ILLINOIS, *DIVERSION, *LAKE MICH W71-05824
249
-------
UTION TREATMENT, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
CITIES, *MUNICIPAL WASTES, FLOO/
GG MORTALITY, *HATCHING SUCCESS,
*WATER RESOURCE/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
TION, *JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGA/
GHTS, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, LAKES, /
OTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ORT AUTHORITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ED), *WATER LEVELS, ^DRAINAGE S/
ACTS, *FISHING GEAR, LEGISLATIO/
ISHING, *RE.GULATION, ADMINISTRA/
N CONTROL, ^NAVIGABLE RIVERS, D/
FLOW, *FISH CONSERVATION, LEGIS/
RAINAGE SYSTEMS, *WATER LEVELS,/
TERSTATE COMMISSIONS, ILLINOIS,
AN RIGHTS, RECLAMATION, PARKS, /
STRUCTION, *FINANCING, FEDERAL /
TISTICAL METHO/ *EUTROPHICAT ION ,
ICATION, *GREAT LAKES, *BENTHOS,
NS, *EUTROPHICAT/ *OLIGOCHAETES,
KE MICHIGAN, *RECREATION DEMAND,
, LAKE MICHIGAN, C/ *FILTRATION,
RIVER, P/ ^INTERSTATE COMMERCE,
, AIR POLLUTION, *FERTILIZATION,
, THERMAL TOLERANC/ *WASTE HEAT,
NDS ACT, FEDERAL PROJECT POLICY,
LEGISLATION, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,
S, *INDIANA,/ *PORT AUTHORITIES,
L LAW, *EQUITABLE APPORTIONMENT,
AR, LEGISLATIO/ *INDIANA, *FISH,
(PROHIBITORY), CALUMET RIVER, P/
PREYS, ON-SITE DATA COLLECTIONS,
. LAWRENCE SEAWAY, *GREAT LAKES,
*BROMINE,
NTROL, *RECREATION, *NAVIGATION,
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *CITY PLANNING,
NA, *PUBLIC RIGHTS, ^NAVIGATION,
TY), *STREAMS, LEGI/ *WISCONSIN,
ES), *RIVERS, LEGISL/ *ILLINOIS,
MICHI/ *MICHIGAN, *GREAT LAKES,
(WATER).:
ION, LAKE/ *ACETYLENE REDUCTION,
MASS TRANSPORTATION, MONRAIL.:
SANITARY CANAL, METROPOLITAN S/
ROPHICATIO/ *WATERSHEDS(BASINS),
RAFT, *WATER/ *AIRPORTS, *DIKES,
OTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
RAPHY, *GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS,
OFF, *SUSPENDED SOLIDS, *URBAN /
GAN, *LAKE HURON, *LAKE ONTARIO,
I/ *EUTROPHICATION, GREAT LAKES,
, PLANKTON, TABELLARIA, SYNEDRA,
ONTARI/ *BIOLOGY, *GREAT LAKES,
*LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
FA(ISRAEL), WINNIPEG(CANADA), L/
^ILLINOIS, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, MUN
*ILLINOIS, ^DRAINAGE DISTRICTS, *
*INCUBATION TIME.: / SURVIVAL, *E
*INDIANA, *GEOLOGY, *POPULATION,
*INDIANA, *PUBLIC RIGHTS, *NAVIGA
*INDIANA, *LEGISLATION, PUBLIC RI
*INDIANA, *SAND BARS, BEACHES, SA
*INDIANA, *ILLINOIS, INTERSTATE C
*INDIANA, *WATER MANAGEMENT ( A PPL I
*INDIANA, *FISH, *INTERSTATE COMP
^INDIANA, ^PERMITS, ^COMMERCIAL F
^INDIANA, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *EROSIO
*INDIANA, *DAMS, *OBSTRUCTION TO
^INDIANA, *CONSTRUCTION COSTS, *D
^INDIANA, STATE GOVERNMENTS, HARB
*INDIANA, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *RIPARI
-INDIANA, *PORT AUTHORITIES, =:=CON
^INDICATORS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *STA
*INDICATORS, BIOMASS, SAMPLING, A
INDICATORS, ^DISTRIBUTION PATTER
INDUSTRIAL WATER, LANDFILLS, LAN
^INDUSTRIAL WASTES, SCALING SCOUR
* IN JUNCTION (PROHIBITORY) , CALUMET
^INJUNCTIONS.:
^INLAND WATERWAYS, *MONITORING, *
*INSHORE WATERS, THERMAL LOADINGS
*INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION, LONG-T
*INTERNATIONAL WATERS.: /ITCHES,
^INTERSTATE COMMISSIONS, *ILLINOI
^INTERSTATE COMPACTS, INTERNATION
^INTERSTATE COMPACTS, *FISHING GE
^INTERSTATE COMMERCE, *INJUNCTION
*INVERTEBRATES, *AQUATIC INSECTS,
^INVESTMENT, *TRANSPORTATI ON, #EC
*IODINE.:
*IRRIGATION, ^WATERSHED MAMAGEMEN
*ISLANDS, URBANIZATION, PLANNING,
*JUDICIAL DECISIONS, LEGAL ASPECT
^JURISDICTION, *BOUNDARIES( PROPER
* JURISDICTION, *BOUNDARIES(SURFAC
*JURISDICTION? *LAKE SHORES, LAKE
*KELVIN WAVES, *WAVE INTERACTIONS
*KJELDAHL DIGESTION, *NESSLERIZAT
*LAKE AIRPORT, *DIKE EXPRESSWAY,
*LAKE AIRPORT, ARTIFICIAL ISLAND,
*LAKE BASINS, *RIVER BASINS, *EUT
*LAKE BEDS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *AIRC
*LAKE BEDS, SEDIMENTS, CLAYS, SAM
*LAKE BEDS, CORES, DREDGING, MAPS
*LAKE CIRCULATION.:
*LAKE CIRCULATION.:
*LAKE COUNTY ILLINOIS, *URBAN RUN
*LAKE ERIE, WATER POLLUTION EFFEC
*LAKE ERIE, LAKE HURON, LAKE MICH
*LAKE ERIE, LAKE MICHIGAN, GREAT
*LAKE ERIE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE
*LAKE HURON, *LAKE ONTARIO, *LAKE
*LAKE HURON, =«=PLANKTON, ECOLOGY,
*LAKE HURON, STREAMFLOW, LAKES, R
*LAKE KINNERETI ISRAEL), BEIT NETU
W72-05990
W72-06904
W70-08922
W70-09625
W70-0486A
W70-04867
W71-05568
W70-00192
W70-0012^
W70-00946
W70-0037R
W 7 0-00 3 92
W70-00195
W70-00127
W70-00114
W69-10218
W70-00116
W69-01650
W72-01105
W71-11031
W70-02035
W71-01971
W70-02512
W69-08172
W70-06951
W71-034-74
W70-02036
W68-01380
W70-00114
W69-02631
W70-00946
W70-02512
W70-07407
W72-00385
W69-08562
W70-09623
W70-OA899
W70-04866
W70-02841
W69-09129
W69-07636
W72-02889
W72-01373
W71-02158
W71-02156
W71-13808
W70-06921
W69-01652
W69-01619
W72-02888
W72-03124
W72-02597
W72-01094
W68-00683
W68-OOA76
W70-01943
W72-01094
W71-08665
W72-03910
W70-03509
250
-------
CREATION, *PLANNING, *BEACHES, /
POLLUTION, *BE/ *WATER QUALITY,
LITY, TIME.: *AIRPORTS,
TES, LOCATING.: *AIRPORTS,
SOTOPES, SURVEYS, SAM/ *FALLOUT,
LEGISLATI/ ^WISCONSIN, *CITIES,
EASIBILITY, WAVE PIL/ *AIRPORTS,
LITY, LOCATION, ACCE/ *AIRPORTS,
POLLUTION, COL/ *WATER QUALITY,
ACT, FEDERAL PROJECT POLICY, *!/
SAND BARS, CLAY LOA/ *AIRPORTS,
CHEMISTRY, / *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
S, TRACE ELE/ *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
NTS, *NUCLEAR WASTES, *THERMAL /
QUALITY CONTROL, *FLOOD CONTROL,
CONTROL, *STATE GOVERNMENTS, *F/
, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN, THERMAL /
*GEOCHEMISTR/ *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
PLING, CORES, CLAY / *SEDIMENTS,
ODS, *DATA PR/ *CURRENTS(WATER ),
*AIRPORTS, *DIKES, *LAKE BEDS,
ISLANDS, URBANIZATION, PLANNING/
TION, *MUNICIPAL WATER, *CITIES,
*WATERSHEDS«BASINS/ *DIVERSION,
NIC EASEMENTS, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
*PHOSPHORUS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
*ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, *SEDIMENTS,
PLANNING, *RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT/
, STREAMS, ^WATERSHED, LAND-USE,
ICATION P/ *NEW YORK, *ILLINOIS,
SOURCES, *WATER POLLUTION, *AIR/
QUATIC ENVI/ *THERMAL POLLUTION,
*WATER QUALITY, *WATER SUPPLY,
ON, WISCONSIN, MISSO/ *ILLINOIS,
Y, POPULATION, WATER RESOURCES /
GRAPHY, GLAC/ *BOTTOM SEDIM.ENTS,
POLLUTION, *BE/ *WATER QUALITY,
PMENT, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
RIVER BASIN, BURNS DITCH, INDI/
*SURFACE RUNOFF, URBANIZATION,
ISTRATIVE AGENCIES, *HYDROLOGY,/
Y, *POPULATION, *WATER RESOURCE/
RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, *WATER /
PESTICIDE RESIDUES, *MORTALITY,
WATER WORKS, *WATER TREATMENT, /
CES, *WATER POLLUTION TREATMENT,
*SURFACE WATERS, *LAKE SUPERIOR,
LEVEL/ *SAND BARS, *GREAT LAKES,
NT TRA/ ^SEDIMENTATION, *COASTS,
*TROPIC LEVEL, *LAKE SUPERIOR,
ER / *TEMPERATURE, *GREAT LAKES,
R COOLING, *THERMAL POWERPLANTS,
LATION, AD/ *ILLINOIS, *PERMITS,
SOLVED OXYG/ *THERMAL POLLUTION,
SOURCES, *PHOSPHOR/ ^CONFERENCE,
HEAVY METALS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
S, SEWAGE, ATTITUDES, *ILLINOIS,
H EROS/ *GEOMORPHOLOGY, *SHORES,
LLECTI/ *STORMS, *BEACH EROSION,
HICATION, ALGAE, *LAKE SUPERIOR,
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
*LAKE
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
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MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN.
MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN
MICHIGAN,
251
*LAKE SHORES, *RE W70-03338
*ILLINOIS, *WATER W70-03339
*ECONOMIC FEASIBI W70-04441
DIKES, ACCESS ROU W70-044AO
*STRONTIUM RADIOI W70-04705
*RIPARIAN RIGHTS, W70-03534
DIKES, ECONOMIC F W70-04439
*ECONOMIC FEASIBI W70-04442
*ILLINOIS, *WATER W70-03140
*SUBMERGED LANDS W70-02036
PROJECT PLANNING, W70-04443
MINERALOGY, WATER W70-06324
*CHEMICAL ANALYSI W70-06748
*NUCLEAR POWERPLA W70-06208
*SEWAGE DISPOSAL, W70-06951
*WATER POLLUTION W70-06205
ILLINOIS, INDIANA W70-04898
*TRACE ELEMENTS, " W70-06325
STRATIGRAPHY, SAM W70-06974
*STATISTICAL METH W70-06794
*AIRCRAFT, *WATER W70-06921
*CITY PLANNING, * W70-04899
*PLANNING, *CONST W70-05255
*SEWAGE DISPOSAL, W70-06477
LAKES, CITIES, RO W71-01724
POLLUTANT IDENTIF W71-03703
SEDIMENT-WATER IN W71-01325
*CITY PLANNING, * W71-03761
WATERSHED MANAGEM W71-00141
*DIVERSION, ADJUD W71-02601
*WATER POLLUTION W71-03764
*HEATED WATER, *A W71-03474
*DIKE, EARTHWORKE W71-02156
*SEWAGE, *DIVERSI W71-02613
WISCONSIN, GEOLOG W70-09624
*ILLINOIS, STRATI W70-10274
ILLINOIS, *WATER W70-10360
*SEWERS, *RESOURC W70-09798
BASIN, *ST. JOSEPH W70-09625
*DRAINAGE SYSTEMS W70-09799
*MICHIGAN, =*ADMIN W70-09622
*INDIANA, *GEOLOG W70-09625
*ILLINOIS, *WATER W70-09623
EGGS, LAKE SUPERI W70-08647
*WATER QUALITY, * W70-08433
*ILLINOIS, INDUST W72-05990
*LAKE HURON, STRE W72-03910
*BEACHES, *WATER W72-03586
*SURVEYS, *SEDIME W72-04807
*LAKE HURON, *PLA W71-08665
^HYDROGRAPHY, WAT W71-10787
ECONOMIC FEASIBIL W71-08680
*LANDFILLS, LEGIS W71-09443
*TEMPERATURE, DIS W71-07667
*WATER POLLUTION W71-07361
DATA COLLECTIONS, W71-07286
: /TION, AESTHETIC W72-02459
GREAT LAKES, BEAC W72-02341
SAND BARS, DATA CO W72-02340
*LAKE HURON, *LAK W72-01094
-------
*W/ *WATER QUALITY, ^STANDARDS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
KTON, ^PRODUCTIVITY, ^NUTRIENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
QUALITY CONTROL, *TESTING, *REL/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
G, LANDFILLS, WASTES, *ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN.
RMAL STRATIFICATION, / *SEICHES, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
THETICS, *PRIORITIES/ *LAND USE, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
DISPOSAL, *WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
E, AI/ *ADVECTION, *METEOROLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
AKES, TRACKI/ ^TRACERS, *MIXING, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*SEDIMENTATION, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
IMENT TRANSPORT, *GEOMORPHOLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
IES, *POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
R POLLUTION CONTROL,/ ^ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
FOURIER ANALYSIS, *WAVES
-------
SCURRENTS(WATER), SCIRCULAT ION,
POLLUX SWATER POLLUTION EFFECTS,
RECLAMATION, PARKS', / *INDIANA,
NG, PLANT POPULATIONS/ SDIATOMS,
CONTROL, SSTOCHASTIC PROCESSES,
, SWATER POLLUTION, SRECREATION/
SHYPOLIMNION, SLAKE MORPHOMETRY,
, SEUTROPHICATION, SHYPOLIMNION,
SUPPLY, SWATER QUALITY CONTROL,
KES, SLAKE ERIE, SLAKE MICHIGAN,
OR, SLAKE MICHIGAN, SLAKE HURON,
AN, SGREAT LAKES, SJURISDICTION,
ING, SBEACHES, / SLAKE MICHIGAN,
SZOOPLANK/ SLAKES, SGREAT LAKES,
ITY, SNUTRIENTS, SLAKE MICHIGAN,
IMENT TRANSPORT, *SEDIMENTATION,
, SLAKES, EUTROPHICATION, ALGAE,
OTTOM SEDIMENTS, SLAKE MICHIGAN,
LAKE HURON, spLA/ STROPIC LEVEL,
TA COLLECTIONS, s$URfACE WATERS,
SION, SWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT,
N BOTTOM, GREAT LAKES, SUBMARIN/
E, spUBLIC OPEN SPACE, CHICAGO /
SCHICAGO,
s, LAK/ SZOOPLANKTON, SSAMPLING,
IGAN, L/ SBEACHES, SOCEAN WAVES,
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, SSEDIMENTS,
, GREAT LAKES,/ SEUTROPHICATION,
EFFLUENTS, SNUTRIENTS, SNITROGE/
IOR, SEUTROPHICATION, SZOOPLANK/
EGUMES, SCROPS, SEUTROPHICATION,
CATION, WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS/
AKE SUPERIOR, SLA/ SGREAT LAKES,
QUATIC POPULATIONS, SLARVICIDES,
, SRESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, SPARKS,
ATION, SAESTHETICS, SPRIORITIES/
NTROL, SWATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
UALITY, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
KE MICHIGAN, INDIANA, INDUSTRIE/
INOIS, SPERMITS, SLAKE MICHIGAN,
c ANIMALS, SAQUATIC POPULATIONS,
ER SOURCES, JUDICIAL/ SMICHIGAN,
ARIAN RIGHTS, LAKES, / SINDIANA,
OVERNMENT, OIL, WATER POLLUTION,
ON CONTROL, spEDERAL GOVERNMENT,
IXATION, SANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
KE MORPHOLOGY, SWATER POLLUTION,
TEMS, SAMPLING, SEICHES, DEPTH,/
PERIOR, LAKE HURO/ SCONFERENCES,
PESTICIDE RESIDUES, SMONITORING,
), ALLEN MARSH(WIS), TRICHODERM/
ORT, SGEOMORPHOLOGY, s/ SSHORES,
SEROSION CONTROL, SGREAT LAKES,
SRIGHT OF ADJACENCY,
IAN RIGHTS, MICHI/ SGREAT LAKES,
is, SHARBORS, SNAVIGABLE WATERS,
LAKE MICHIGA/ SILLINOIS, SPARKS,
SLAKE MICHIGAN, WINDS, EDDIES, TU
SLAKE MICHIGAN, SEUTROPHICATION,
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
SLAKE MICHIGAN, *SEASONAL, SAMPLI
*LAKE MICHIGAN, MONTE CARLO METHO
SLAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER MANAGEMENT
*LAKE MORPHOLOGY, ^DISSOLVED OXYG
SLAKE MORPHOMETRY, *LAKE MORPHOLO
SLAKE MORPHOLOGY, *WATER POLLUTIO
SLAKE ONTARIO, LAKE HURON, AESTHE
SLAKE ONTARIO, SLAKE ERIE, WATER
SLAKE SHORES, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE
SLAKE SHORES, *RECREATION, *PLANN
*LAKE SUPERIOR, *EUTROPHICAT ION,
SLAKE SUPERIOR, EUTROPHICAT ION, C
*LAKE SUPERIOR, SLAKE MICHIGAN, B
*LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *
*LAKE SUPERIOR, *WATER CHEMISTRY,
*LAKE SUPERIOR, SLAKE MICHIGAN, *
SLAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *
*LAKE WASHINGTON, *SEWAGE FERTILI
*LAKE WAVES, WAVE FUNCTIONS, OCEA
*LAKEFRONT LAND USE, *PUBLIC USAG
SLAKEFRONT DEVELOPMENT.:
SLAKES, SBIOGEOGRAPHY, GREAT LAKE
*LAKES, *BEACH EROSION, LAKE MICH
*LAKES» *DUNES, LAKE MICHIGAN, GR
*LAKES, SDIFFUSION, LAKE MICHIGAN
*LAKES, *EUTROPHICATION, SSEWAGE
*LAKES, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE SUPER
SLAKES, SGAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, SCYA
SLAKES, SLAKE MICHIGAN, SEUTROPHI
SLAKES, EUTROPHICATION, ALGAE, SL
SLAMPREYS, ON-SITE DATA COLLECTIO
SLAND USE, LAKE SHORES., LAKES, AE
SLAND USE, SLAKE MICHIGAN, SRECRE
SLAND USE, PUBLIC HEALTH, EUTROPH
SLAND USE, PUBLIC HEALTH, MANAGEM
SLAND USE, SPQLITICAL ASPECTS, LA
SLANDFILLS, LEGISLATION, ADMINIST
SLARGE LAKES.?
SLARVICIDES, SLAMPREYS, ON-SITE D
SLEGISLATION, SWATER SUPPLY, SWAT
SLEGISLATION, PUBLIC RIGHTS, SRIP
SLEGISLATION, NAVIGABLE WATERS, *
SLEGISLATION, LAKES, WASTE DISPOS
SLEGUMES, SCROPS, SEUTROPHICATION
SLICENSES.:
SLIMNOLOGY, WATER POLLUTION EFFEC
SLIMNOLOGY, SSOCIAL NEEDS, ECOSYS
SLIMNOLOGY, SGREAT LAKES, LAKE su
SLIPIDS, DDT, DIELDRIN, ALDRIN, E
SLITTER, LAKE BUTTE DES MORTS
-------
., *UPPER PENINSULA-EASTERN AREA,
, GRAND RAPIDS. WHITING* MICHIG/
RIIDS.:
SCONSIN, *RAILROADS, CONTRACTS,
N, *ESTUARIES, *WATER RESOURCESt
OM SEDIMENTS. PR/ *GEOCHEMISTRY,
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *GEOCHEMISTRY,
*FUNGI, *WATER, *MUD, *CATTAILS,
FIS/ *POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS,
N, *TEMPERATURE, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
), *CIRCULATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
IES, *ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION,
TION. CONCENTRATION, MERCURY, R/
1C CONDUCTION.:
TER TEMPERATURE, AI/ *ADVECTION,
ROPOLITAN AREA, *MILWAUKEE METR/
ER.:
BINED SEWER OVERFLOWS, *CHICAGO,
F GREATER CHICAGO, *C/ *CHICAGO,
ES, *HYDROLOGY,/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
OUITABLE APPORTIONM/ ^WISCONSIN,
UPPLY, *WATER SOURCES, JUDICIAL/
TS), *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, *BOUNDAR/
CES, *BIOINDICATORS, *COLIFORMS,
LITY CONTROL, *WATER UTILIZATIO/
OLLUTION CONTROL, *WATER POLLUT/
CTION, *LAKE SHORES, LAKE MICHI/
EAS, *CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA,
YPES, *BAYS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, WA/
LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION,
, GREAT LAKES, TRACKI/ *TRACERS,
*FLOOD CONTROL, LAKES, LAKE MIC/
ROPHICATION, POLL/ *GREAT LAKES,
AL BEACHES, CROWDING, CITY SWIM/
ERTILIZATION, *INLAND WATERWAYS,
IN, ALDRIN/ ^PESTICIDE RESIDUES,
DE TOXICITY, PESTICIDE RESIDUES,
SIN, YEASTS, PH/ *FUNGI, *WATER,
ATER WORKSs *WATER DISTRIBUTION,
S, *DRAINAGE DISTRICTS, *CITIES,
RIMINAL), WABASH R/ *PUBL 1C USE,
LAKE MICHIGAN, *EROSION CONTROL,
VEMENT, ^NAVIGATION,/ *ILLINOIS,
ENTS, LAKE/ *ILLINOIS, *HARBORS,
, *BULKHEAD LINE, L/ *WISCONSIN,
DICTIO/ *RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT,
WASTE DISPOSAL, *WASTE DUMPS, B/
STE DUMPS. B/ *NAVIGABLE WATERS,
E RIVERS, ^FEDERAL JURISDICTION,
LEGA/ *INDIANA, *PUBL 1C RIGHTS,
GY, *FLOOD CONTROL. *RECREATION,
T, #FLOOD CONTROL, *RIRRIGAT ION,
*PUBL1C RIGHTS, LEG/ *WISCONSIN,
LE RIVERS, *CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT,
REDUCTION, *KJELDAHL DIGESTION,
LANKTON RECORDER, RADIOCARBON U/
GAN, *DIVERSION, ADJUDICATION P/
SLOWER PENINSULA-NORTHWESTERN ARE
*MACROBENTHOS, CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE
*MACROBENTHOS, CHIRONOMIDS, SPHAE
*MAINTENANCE, LEGISLATION, LEGAL
*MANAGEMENT, *ECONOMICS, WATER UT
*MANGANESE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *BOTT
^MANGANESE, ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, EU
*MARSHES, WISCONSIN, YEASTS, PHYT
*MASS SPECTROSCOPY, SHAG, HERON,
^MATHEMATICAL MODELS, WINDS, EDDI
^MATHEMATICAL MODELS, WINDS, EDDI
*MEANDER LINES.:
*MEASUREMENT, *PRECIPITATIONIATMO
*MERCURY POLLUTION, *BIOCONCENTRA
*MERCURY.:
*MESOTROPHY, TRANSPARENCY, SPECIF
^METEOROLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WA
AREAS, *CHICAGO MET
AREAS, ILLINOIS RIV
SANITARY DISTRICT 0
SANITARY DISTRICT 0
*ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCI
*BOUNDARY DISPUTES, *E
*LEGISLATION, *WATER S
*ACCRETION(LEGAL ASPEC
MARINAS, BOATS, DOCKS,
*STANDARDS, *WATER QUA
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER P
*GREAT LAKES, *JURISDI
METROPOLITAN AREA, *NO
*MIXING, *WATER QUALITY, *WATER T
*MIXING, *DIFFUSION, *SEICHES, RI
*MIXING, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *FALLOUT
*MODEL STUDIES^ COMPUTER MODELS,
*MODEL STUDIES, *FLOW.RATES, *EUT
*MODELING, *HUMAN RESPONSE, NATUR
^MONITORING, *TERTIARY TREATMENT,
*MONITORING, *LIPIDS, DDT, DIELDR
*MORTALITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, EGGS,
*MUD, *CATTAILS, *MARSHES, WISCON
*MUNICIPAL WATER, *CITIES, *LAKE
*MUNICIPAL WASTES, FLOOD DAMAGE,
*NATURAL DISPLACEMENT.:
*NATURAL WATERBODIES, PENALTIES(C
^NAVIGABLE RIVERS, DOCKS, HARBORS
RIVERS,
WATERS,
WATERS.
RIVERS,
WATERS*
*WASTE
*METROPOLITAN
^METROPOLITAN
*METROPOLITAN
*METROPOLITAN
*MICHIGAN,
*MICHIGAN,
*MICHIGAN,
*MICHIGAN,
*MICHIGAN,
^MICHIGAN,
^MICHIGAN,
*MICHIGAN,
*MILWAUKEE
*NAVIGABLE
^NAVIGABLE
*NAVIGABLE
*NAVIGABLE
*NAVIGABLE
*NAVIGATION,
^NAVIGATION,
*NAVIGATION,
^NAVIGATION,
^NAVIGATION,
*NAVIGATION,
*NAVIGATION,
*CHANNEL IMPRO
*LOCAL GOVERNM
*PUBLIC RIGHTS
*FEDERAL JURIS
^NAVIGATION, *
DISPOSAL, *WA
OBSTRUCTION TO FLOW5
*JUDICIAL DECISIONS,
^IRRIGATION, *WATERS
*WATERSHED PROTECT.
OWNERSHIP OF BEDS,
DAMS, STATE GOVERNME
*NESSLERIZATION9 LAKE MENDOTA, LA
*NET PLANKTON, HARDY CONTINUOUS P
*N£W YORK, *ILLINOIS» *LAKE MICHI
WTO
W69
W72
W70
W71
W71'
W70
W72
W72
W69
W69
W71'
W69
W71-
W71'
W69-
W72'
W71-
W70
W70'
W70
W70-
W71
W71-
W71-
W71-
W72-
W71-
W69-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W72-
W69-
W69'
W70-
W70-
W72-
W70'
W72-
W70-
W72-
W69'
W70-
W70-
W69-
W69-
W70-
W70-
W71-
W71-
W70-
W70-
M70-
!s/70-
W71-
W69-
W72-
W70-
W71-
-09622
-01623
-01105
-02909
-11473
-05563
-06325
-00151
04754
-03350
-03349
-02341
-00406
-08610
-072fl6
-09315
-02881
-03764
-07983
-09799
-09798
-09622
-03626
-00093
-02341
09270
-00199
-06053
-07636
03764
13828
11474
02888
03143
09311
08709
-06951
04740
-08647
00151
05255
06904
-09311
00195
00392
09119
-07311
02907
02512
09196
09196
02512
04866
09623
09622
02187
09119
01373
03311
02601
254
-------
. LAKE MICHIGANt ANALYSIS* MATHE/
RIVER BASIN(MICH)t *WATERSHED R/
ON, *OLIGOTROPHY, DIURNAL, ANAL/
ECHNIQUES, *LEGUMESt *CROPSt *E/
, *SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, *NUTRIENTS,
T LAKE, GREEN / LIGHT INTENSITY,
TER COSTS.:
TERN WISCONSIN, MILWAUKEE, GREE/
A, *MILWAUKEE METROPOLITAN AREA,
STES, *THERMAL / *LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN, *NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS,
L POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE WAST.ES,
FFECTS, *AIR POLLUTIO/ *TRITIUM,
*PHYTOPLANKTON, *PRODUCTIVITY,
TROPHICATION, *SEWAGE EFFLUENTS,
OLVED OXYGEN, *DISSOLVED SOL IDS,
RVATION, LEGIS/ *INDIANA, *DAMS,
ION, LAKE MICHIGAN, L/ *BEACHES,
LGAL BLOOMS, CLADOPHORA, ALEWIF/
ES, *WATER POLLUTION- SOURCES, */
UATION, *BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES,
RIBUTION PATTERNS, *EUTROPHICAT/
ROGEN FIXATION, *EUTROPHICATION,
LAKES, LAKES, AQUATIC BACTERIA,
STE WATER(POLLUTION), *DIELDRIN,
S, LEG/ ^WISCONSIN, *NAVIGATION,
RATUREV BENTHIC FAUNA, MAYFLIES,
NE, METHYL,/ *CHEMICAL RECOVERY,
PLANNING, *RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT,
LAKES, LAKE MICHIGA/ *ILLINOIS,
S, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, *EASEMENTS,
OBENTHOS.:
HEAVY METALS, *STREAM POLLUTION,
OSPHATES,/ *ALGAE, *FRESH WATER,
E, SEWAGE DISPOSAL, LEGISLATION,
EGULATION, ADMINISTRA/ *INDIANA,
LLS, LEGISLATION, AD/ *ILLINOIS,
ORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES,
PHORUS PESTICIDES, HUDSON RIVER,
ORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES,
*LIPIDS, DDT, DIELDRIN, ALDRIN/
OGRAPHY, *BIRDS, HERRING, BIRD /
AUTOXIDATION.:
GEMENT, WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
TURAL WATERSHEDS, WATER QUALITY,
TILIZATION, AQUATIC PLANTS, MAT/
HIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
WATER POLLUTION SOU/ *WISCONSIN,
LAKE MICHIGAN, POLLUTANT IDENTI/
UTRIENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE/
WATER CIRCULATION, NUISANCE ALG/
, ASTER/ *EUTROPHICATION, LAKES,
OR, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE HURON,
AN, SAMPLING, POPULATION, WATER/
, WATER QUALITY, WATER POLLUTIO/
WATER TREATMENT, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *CITY PLANNING,
WATER, *CITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
IGAN, *LAKE SHORES, *RECREATION,
ROWTH RAT/ *FORECASTING, *ALGAE,
*NICHES, *ZOOPLANKTON, *HABITATS,
*NITRATE-NITROGEN LEVELS, *GRAND
*NITROGEN FIXATION, *EUTROPHICATI
*NITROGEN FIXATION, *ANALYTICAL T
*NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, SULFATES,
*NODULES, LAKE MENDOTA(WIS ), TROU
*NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS, *GROUNDWA
*NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN, SOUTHEAS
*NORTHWESTERN INDIANA METROPOLITA
*NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS, *NUCLEAR WA
*NUCLEAR WASTES, *THERMAL POLLUTI
*NUCLEAR WASTES, WATER LAW, *POWE
*NUCLEAR WASTES, *ENVIRONMENTAL E
*NUTRIENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE
*NUTRIENTS, *NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS
*NUTRIENTS, OLIGOTROPHY, PHOSPHOR
OBSTRUCTION TO FLOW, *FISH CONSE
*OCEAN WAVES, *LAKES, *BEACH EROS
*OECD, *UPPSALA SYMPOSIUM 1968, A
*OILY WATER, *ANALYTICAL TECHNIOU
*OLIGOCHAETES, WATER POLLUTION SO
*OLIGOCHAETES, INDICATORS, *DIST
*OLIGOTROPHY, DIURNAL, ANALYTICAL
*ON-SITE DATA COLLECTIONS, SYSTEM
*ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES, HUD
*OWNERSHIP OF BEDS, *PUBLIC RIGHT
*OXYGEN SAG, THERMAL STRATIFICATI
*PARATHION, LINDANE, BHC, CHLODRA
SPARKS, *LAND USE, LAKE SHORES, L
*PARKS, *LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, BEDS,
*PARKS, REAL PROPERTY, LAND TENUR
*PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER, MACR
*PATH OF POLLUTANTS, *PUBLIC HEAL
*PEPTIDES, COPPER, IRON, IONS, PH
*PERMITS, *ILLINOIS, DIVERSION ST
*PERMITS, *COMMERCIAL FISHING, *R
*PERMITS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LANDFI
*PESTICIDE RESIDUES, PESTICIDE TO
,*PESTICIDE RESIDUES,
*PESTICIDE RESIDUES,
*PESTICIDE RESIDUES,
*PESTICIDE RESIDUES,
*PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
*PHOSPHATES, FARM WASTES.: / MANA
*PHOSPHOROUS, NITROGEN, MICHIGAN,
*PHOSPHORUS, *EUTROPHICATION, PER
*PHOSPHORUS, *WATER POLLUTION CON
*PHOSPHORUS, *SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, *
*PHOSPHORUS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *
*PHYTOPLANKTON, *PRODUCTIVITY, *N
*PHYTOPLANKTON, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *
*PHYTOPLANKTON, HISTORY, SEASONAL
*PLANKTON, ECOLOGY, ZOOPLANKTON,
*PLANKTON, *DIATOMS, *LAKE MICHIG
*PLANNING, *ENVIRONMENT, *ECOLOGY
*PLANNING, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, P
*PLANNING, *RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT,
*PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION COSTS, E
*PLANNING, *BEACHES, LAKES, SHORE
*PLANT GROWTH, *EUTROPHICATION, G
255
ENDRIN, DDT,
LAKE MICHIGA
*MONITORING,
*GAS CHROMAT
OIL SPILLS,
W72-
W71-
W72-
W72-
W69-
W72-
W71-
W70-
W71-
W70-
W70-
W70-
W72-
W72-
W69-
W69-
W70-
W71-
W71-
W69-
W71-
W71-
W72-
W68-
W71-
W71-
W68-
W71-
W71-
W69-
W71-
W69-
W71-
W69-
W68-
W70-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W70-
W72-
W72-
W69-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W72-
W69-
W68-
W71-
W71-
W72-
W72-
W71-
W70-
W70-
W71-
01096
13808
01373
06294
09349
06294
08123
09624
03764
06208
06208
08130
03349
01099
09349
09315
00195
08169
04638
05421
09174
11031
01373
00467
04201
02187
00683
04201
03761
10186
02587
01620
08610
10180
01380
00378
09443
07690
04201
07138
04740
04754
05421
00141
13808
12072
07361
10947
03703
01099
05763
00476
08665
05984
02460
02598
03761
05255
03338
11033
-------
ADJOINING
, INDIANA,
MICHIGAN*
ATIO/ *DDT,
*CHICAGO,
^CHICAGO,
LAND STUDY COMMISSIO/
INDUSTRIE/ *LAND USE,
*B/ *RUNOFF, *CITIES,
*GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY,
ATER POLLUTION? *WATER ANALYSIS,
URGES? *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
GAN, ^ADMINISTRATION, *PROGRAMS,
CY, *WATER POLLUTION/ *ILLINOIS,
ER POLLUTION/ *STREAM POLLUTION,
OUNTY(ILL), CALUMET RIVER(ILL),/
ISCONSIN, *TREATMENT FACILITIES,
DEVELOPMENT, *WATER UTILIZATION,
LKA/ *WATER QUALITY, *STANDARDS,
RCES DEVELOPMENT, *WATER SUPPLY,
RCES DEVELOPMENT, *WATER SUPPLY,
ORS, LINDANE, DDE, TDE, METABOL/
SPECTROSCOPY, SHAG, HERON, FIS/
, *TFM, *BAY LUSCIDE, *RECOVERY,
KE MICHIGAN, ^INDIANA, *GEOLOGY,
, *INDIANA, *ILLINOIS, INTERSTA/
MMISSIONS, *ILLINOIS, *INDIANA,/
^FINANCING, FEDERAL / *INDIANA,
TES, *NUCLEAR WASTES, WATER LAW,
RIC PRECIPITATION, ^MEASUREMENT,
BASIN CLIMATOLOGY.:
RMS, *LAKE MICHIG/
DIES, STATISTICAL/
, *EUTROPHICATION,
TERS, PRODUCTIVITY,
*CLIMATOLOGY,
*FORECASTING,
*ZOOPLANKTON,
PHYTOPLANKT/
HIGAN, ^RECREATION, *AESTHETICS,
MICHIGAN, *LAKE/ *PHYTOPLANKTON,
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *ADMINISTRATION,
ACUITIES, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT,
POLLUTION, *PATH OF POLLUTANTS,
TY, *GREAT LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN,
MICHIGAN, *SANITARY ENGINEERING,
KEFRONT LAND USE, *PUBL1C USAGE,
ICIAL DECISIONS, LEGA/ *INDIANA,
^WISCONSIN, #NAVIGABLE WATERS,
^NAVIGATION* *OWNERSHIP OF BEDS,
, CHICAGO / *LAKEFRONT LAND USE,
9 PENALTIES(CRIMINAL), WABASH R/
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER QUALITY,
NCE, LEGISLATION, L/ *WISCONSIN,
NT, *PRECIPITATION(ATMOSPHERIC),
o
ZOW MARINUS, *TFM, *BAY LUSCIDE,
ED PROTECT. AND FLOOD PREVo ACT,
ATION, *GEOLOGY, *FLOOD CONTROL,
/ *LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE SHORES,
TIES/ *LAND USE, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ATER, LANDFILLS/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
E MICHIGAN, INDIANA, INDUSTRIES,
ER MANAGEMENT, *WATER POLLUTION,
E PLANNING, CONFLICTING USES, /
E PLANNING, *FEDERAL AID, TECHN/
, *PERMITS, COMMERCIAL FISHING,
*POLDER.:
*POLICY MAKING.;
*POLICY MAKING, LAKE MICHIGAN AND
"POLITICAL ASPECTS, LAKE MICHIGAN
*POLLUTANTS IDENTIFICATION, *LAKE
"POLLUTANT IDENTIFICATION, *SEPAR
*POLLUTION ABATEMENT, ILLINOIS, E
^POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *GREAT LAKE
^POLLUTION ABATEMENT, MICHIGAN, I
*POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *WATER POL I
""POLLUTION ABATEMENT, RIVERS, WAT
"POLLUTION, *CHICAGO(ILL), COOK C
"POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *PROJECT PL
"POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *ADMINISTRA
*POLLUTION ABATEMENT, SULFATES, A
"POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *FLOOD CONT
""POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *ELECTRIC P
"POLYCHLORINATEO BIPHENYLS, AROCL
*POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, *MASS
"POPULATION CHANGES.: /ON MARINUS
(-POPULATION, *WATER RESOURCES DEV
*PORT AUTHORITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN
*PORT AUTHORITIES, ""INTERSTATE CO
"PORT AUTHORITIES, ="CONSTRUCT ION,
"POWERPLANTS, AQUATIC PLANTS, LAK
*PREC IP ITATION{ ATMOSPHERIC), *RAI
""PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY, LAKE-
"PREC IP I TATION( ATMOSPHERIC), =*STO
"PREFERENCES, SWIMMING, MODEL STU
"PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, LAKE HURON
"PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, SURFACE WA
"PRIORITIES, ""SHORES, RECREATION
"PRODUCTIVITY, *NUTRIENTS, *LAKE
"PROGRAMS, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT,
""PROJECT PLANNING, ADMJNISTRAT I VE
*PUBLIC HEALTH, WISCONSIN, INDUST
"PUBLIC HEALTH, GAS CHROMATOGRAPH
"PUBLIC HEALTH, LEGISLATION, REGU
"PUBLIC LAW 31.:
^PUBLIC OPEN SPACE, CHICAGO METRO
"PUBLIC RIGHTS, ="NAVI GATI ON, *JUD
"PUBLIC RIGHTS, *BULKHEAD LINE, L
"PUBLIC RIGHTS, LEGISLATION, JUDI
"PUBLIC USAGE, *PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
"PUBLIC USE, *NATURAL WATERBODIES
"QUALITY CONTROL, *TESTING, *RELI
"RAILROADS, ="CONTRACTS, *MAINTENA
"RAINFALL, RADAR, INSTRUMENTATION
"RECENT SEDIMENTS, TABLES OF DATA
"RECOVERY, ="POPULATION CHANGES.: /
"RECREATION, *FISH, *WILDLIFE.: /
*RECREATION, *NAVIGATION, *IRRIGA
*RECREATION, ^PLANNING, *BEACHES,
"RECREATION, ="A ESTHETICS, *PRIORI
"RECREATION DEMAND, ^INDUSTRIAL W
"RECREATION DEMAND, HARBORS, INTE
*RECREATION, *SOCIAL VALUES, OIL
"REGIONAL PLANNING, *COMPREHENS I V
"REGIONAL PLANNING, *COMPREHENS I V
"REGULATION, ADMINISTRATION, MUSS
W70-0692I
W70-04899
W72-02460
W69-10199
W72-02597
W71-11905
W72-02600
W72-00247
W71-04256
W69-08172
W69-00631
W70-00263
W70-03345
W70-09623
W70-07983
W70-09622
W70-09625
W71-11905
W72-04754
W70-07407
W70-09625
W70-00192
W70-00114
W70-00116
W70-08130
W69-00406
W68-01254
W68-01254
WiO-08709
W70-03311
W70-02983
W72-02595
W72-01099
W71-04256
W70-03345
W71-08610
W71-07690
W70-00940
W70-02034
W72-02595
W70-04866
W70-02907
W71-02187
W72-02595
W70-00195
W72-02594
W70-02909
W69-00406
W71-05064
W70-07407
W70-09622
W70-09623
W70-03338
W72-02595
W70-02035
W69-10199
W69-08892
W70-02032
W70-02036
W70-00378
256
-------
IS, *GREAT LAKES, *WATER LEVELS,
S, ^THERMAL POLLUTI/ *WATER LAW,
ITY, *QUALITY CONTROL, *TESTING,
, ISOTHERMS, INFRARED RADIATION*
ONTROL, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWERS,
IGAN, *CITY PLANNING, *PLANNING,
APHIES, PHOSPH/ *EUTROPHICATION,
GHTS.:
MICHI/ *GREAT LAKES, *LITTORAL,
AKES, *LITTORAL, *RIPARIAN LAND,
RKS, / *INDIANA, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
BOUNDARIES!PROPERTY), HIGHWATE/
CONSIN, *CITIES, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
RKS, REAL PROPERTY, / *ILLINOIS,
/ *ILLINOIS, *SCENIC EASEMENTS,
IGAN, *ACCRETION(LEGAL ASPECTS),
NA, *LEGISLATION, PUBLIC RIGHTS,
UTION ABATEMENT, *FLOOD CONTROL,
ATERSHEDS(BASINS), *LAKE BASINS,
IDITY, TEMPERATURE/ *DISPERSION,
, *GREAT LAKES, LAKE ERIE, LAKE/
E SYSTEMS, ^UNDERGROUND STORAGE,
LE RIVERS, *FEDERAL JURISDICTIO/
*LEGISLATION, NAVIGABLE WATERS,
UTIO/ *WATER CIRCULATION, *BAYS,
SDICTION, *BOUNDARIES(SURFACES),
NTIFICATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *B/
LAKE/ *CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS,
GREAT LAKES, LAK/ *ZOOPLANKTON,
MENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *INDIANA,
ICHIGAN, *BEACHES, *WATER LEVEL/
DIMENTS, #LAKES, *DUNESt LAKE M/
EEP TUNNEL PLAN, *COMBINED. SEWA/
ALTH/ *ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
TS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, / *ILLINOIS,
ONS, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS.:
TIONS/ *DIATOMS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
GY, */ *SHORES, *LITTORAL DRIFT,
ON, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *LAKE MICHI/
OASTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SURVEYS,
LAKE SUPERIOR, *WATER CHEMISTRY,
LAKE MICHI/ *SEDIMENT TRANSPORT,
SEISMOGRAPHS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
CHIGAN, *SURVEYS, *SEDIMENT TRA/
SEISMOGRAPHS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS/
BON, *LAKE M/ *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
M/ *SANDS, *ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,
ENT-WATER I/ *ARSENIC COMPOUNDS,
IGRAPHY, SAMPLING, CORES, CLAY /
AT LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE S/
POLLUTION, *MIXING, *DIFFUSION,
CLINE, THERMAL STRATIFICATION, /
*SEDIMENTOLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
E, CHICAGO(ILLINOIS), COMBUSTIO/
APHY, ^POLLUTANT IDENTIFICATION,
ISION MAKING, *SEWAGE TREATMENT,
INS/ *DIVERSION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
^REGULATION, ADMINISTRATIVE AGENC
*REGULATIONS, *THERMAL POWERPLANT
*RELIABILITY, *WATER ANALYSIS, ST
*REMOTE SENSING, *TEMPERATURE, LA
*RESOURCE ALLOCATION: /OLLUTION C
*RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, *PARKS, *L
-^RESTORATION, SLOUGHS, FERRIES.:
*REVIEWS, DOCUMENTATION, BIBLIOGR
ADJACENCY, *LITTORAL RI
LAND, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
RIGHTS, MICHIGAN, ILLIN
RIGHTS, RECLAMATION, PA
LAND, RIPARIAN RIGHTS,
RIGHTS, LEGISLATION, LE
RIGHTS,
RIGHTS,
RIGHTS,
RIGHTS,
*RIGHT OF
*RIPARIAN
^RIPARIAN
*RIPARIAN
*RIPARIAN
*RIPARIAN
*RIPARIAN
*RIPARIAN
*RIPARIAN
*RIPARIAN
*RIRRIGATION,
*RIVER BASINS,
*EASEMENTS, *PA
*LAKE MICHIGAN,
*BOUNDARIES(PRO
LAKES, RIVERS,
*NAVIGATION, *WATER
*EUTROPHICATION, *
*RIVER FLOW, *LAKE MICHIGAN, TURB
*RIVER FLOW, *CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT
*RIVER REGULATION, *SEWERS, CONST
DRIVERS AND HARBORS ACT, *NAVIGAB
*RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT, CHANNEL,
*RIVERS, CONDUCTIVITY, WATER POLL
*RIVERS, LEGISLATION, LOCAL GOVER
*RUNOFF, *CITIES, *POLLUTANTS IDE
*SALMON, *DDT, MORTALITY, *GREAT
*SAMPLING, *LAKES, *BIOGEOGRAPHY,
*SAND BARS, BEACHES, SANDS, WATER
*SAND BARS, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE M
*SANDS, *ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, *SE
*SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO, *D
*SANITARY ENGINEERING,.*PUBLIC HE
*SCENIC EASEMENTS, *RIPARIAN RIGH
*SEASONAL CHANGES, PLANT POPULATI
*SEASONAL, SAMPLING, PLANT POPULA
*SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, *GEOMORPHOLO
*SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, *SEDIMENTATI
*SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, HYDROLOGIC D
*SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACES, CONNA
*SEDIMENTARY GEOCHEMISTRY.:
*SEDIMENTATION, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *
*SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES, BEDROCK,
*SEDIMENTATION, *COASTS, *LAKE MI
*SEDIMENTOLOGY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *
*SEDIMENTS(SEISMIC PROFILES).:
*SEDIMENTS, *TRACE ELEMENTS, *CAR
*LAKES, *OUNES, LAKE
*LAKE MICHIGAN, SEDIM
*LAKE MICHIGAN, STRAT
*EUTROPHICATION, *GRE
RIVERS, RUNOFF, SUSPEND
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *THERMO
*SEDIMENTS,
*SEDIMENTS,
*SEDIMENTS,
*SEDIMENTS,
*SEICHES,
*SEICHES,
W69-
W71-
W72-
W71-
W70'
W71-
W70-
W69-
W70'
W70-
W70'
W69-
W68-
W70-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W70-
W70-
W71-
W69-
W69-
W70-
W70-
W69
W72-
W69
W72-
W71
W70'
W71
W72
W71
W70
W70
W71
W68
W69
W72
W72
W72
W71
W71
W72
W71
W72
W71
W71
W71
W71-
W71
W70
W70
*SEISMOGRAPHS, *BOTTOM SEDIMENTS,
*SELENIUM, FOSSIL FUELS, VITAMIN
*SEPARATION TECHNIQUES, HEPTACHLO
*SEWAGE DISPOSAL, *WASTEWATER TRE
*SEWAGE DISPOSAL, *WATERSHEDS(BAS
W72
W71
W71
W71
W72
W70
09422-
08312
-02594
05120
-09798
03761
-02909
08518
-00574
00574
-00574
-10218
-00779
-03534
-02587
-01724
-02341
-04867
-09622
13808
-01651
-02693
-09799
-02512
-02419
-01104
-09129
-02597
-01270
-03506
-05568
-03586
-05887
-06951
-00940
-01724
-00476
-09679
-02268
-03120
-04807
-05570
-05570
-03120
-11751
-04807
-11751
-11751
-05064
-05887
-01325
-06974
-07269
-11474
-02889
-11751
-10999
-11905
-02598
-06477
257
-------
. *FLOOD CONTROL. *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ON SOU/ *WISCONSIN, *PHOSPHORUS,
ITROGE/ *LAKES, *EUTROPHICATION,
TY MANAGEMENT, *LAKE WASHINGTON,
AL, *WASTEWAT/ *DECISION MAKING,
ER PRODUCTION, CITIE/ *ILLINOIS,
AL, CITIES, ADMINIST/ *ILLINOIS,
ISSO/ ""ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
LLUTION CONTROL, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
OUND STORAGE, *RIVER REGULATION,
OL, *GREAT LAKES, *L ITTORAL DRI/
, RECREATION DEMAND, INDUSTRIAL/
NT TRANSPORT, *GEOMORPHOLOGY, */
KES, BEACH EROS/ *GEOMORPHOLOGY,
ATION, *AESTHETICS, *PRIORITIES,
ROL, *STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, *LA/
NG, SEICHES, DEPTH,/ *LIMNOLOGY,
, *WATER POLLUTION, ^RECREATION,
E AGENCIES, *FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,
, *GREAT LAKES, *LITTORAL DRIFT,
TCH, INDI/ *LAKE MICHIGAN BASIN,
S, *INVESTMENT, *TRANSPORTATION/
R POLLUTION, *W/ *WATER QUALITY,
ROL,/ *ILLINOIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
L, *WATER UTILIZATIO/ ^MICHIGAN,
SULFATES, ALKA/ *WATER QUALITY,
PMENT, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
RENT JURISDICTION, *ENFORCEMENT,
HIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
CURRENTS(WATER), *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ON, INDICATORS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
URRENTS) .:
CHIGAN, *WINDS, *CURRENT METERS,
LATION ANALYSIS, *FLOOD CONTROL,
D CONTROL, *TUNNELS, UNDERFLOW,
EFFECTS, *DRAINAGE ENGINEERING,
GY, *PRECIPITATION(ATMOSPHERIC),
CHIGAN SAND BARS, DATA COLLECTI/
TANTS, *PUBLIC H/ *HEAVY METALS,
TEMENT, RIVERS, WATER POLLUTION/
SDICTION, *BOUNDARIES(PROPERTY),
, SAM/ *FALLOUT, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
JECT POLICY, *!/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
NELS, *UNDERFLOW, *STORM RUNOFF,
N-AGE ENGINEERING, *STORM RUNOFF,
OURCESt *GROUNDWATER, *AQUIFERS,
*LAKE MICHIG/ *DATA COLLECTIONS,
TATION, *COASTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
COUNTY ILLINOIS, *URBAN RUNOFF,
ARED RADIATION, *REMOTE SENSING,
MICHIGAN, */ *THERMAL POLLUTION,
ERMAL POLLUTION, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
SEASON, SUMMER, TEMPERATURE GRA/
MICHIGAN, *HYDROGRAPHY, WATER /
RENTS(WATER)/ *HYDROLOGIC CYCLE,
LONG INTERNAL WAVES, ROTATION E/
#CURRENTS(WATER), CIRCULATION,
*INLAND WATERWAYS, *MONITORING,
*SEWAGE DISPOSAL, AIR POLLUTION,
*SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, *WATER POLLUTI
*SEWAGE EFFLUENTS, *NUTRIENTS, *N
*SEWAGE FERTILIZATION EFFECTS, *B
*SEWAGE TREATMENT, *SEWAGE DISPOS
#SEWAGE, *FLOODING, *ELECTRIC POW
*SEWAGE, *CHANNELS, *WASTE DISPOS
*SEWAGE, ^DIVERSION, WISCONSIN, M
*SEWERS, *RESOURCE ALLOCATION: /O
*SEWERS, CONSTRUCTION COSTS, WAST
*SHORE PROTECTION, *EROSION CONTR
*SHORE PROTECTION, *LAKE MICHIGAN
*SHORELAND MANAGEMENT.:
*SHORES, *LITTORAL DRIFT, *SEDIME
*SHORES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, GREAT LA
*SHORES, RECREATION DEMAND, RECRE
^SIMULATION ANALYSIS, *FLOOD CONT
*SOCIAL NEEDS, ECOSYSTEMS, SAMPLI
ASOCIAL VALUES, OIL WASTES, POLLU
*SOIL CONSERVATION, LAKE MICHIGAN
*SOIL EROSION, *FLOOD DAMAGE, BAN
*ST. JOSEPH RIVER BASIN, BURNS DI
*ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY, *GREAT LAKE
^STANDARDS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATE
*WATER POLLUTION CONT
*WATER QUALITY CONTRO
^POLLUTION ABATEMENT,
LAKE MICHIGAN, WATER
BOUNDARIES, OFFENSES(CRIMI
GOVERNMENTS, *FEDERAL GOVE
^STANDARDS,
*STANDARDS,
*STANDARDS,
^STANDARDS,
*STATE
*STATE
*STATISTICAL METHODS, *DATA PROCE
*STATISTICAL METHODS, FREQUENCY A
*STATISTICAL ANALYSIS(WINDS AND C
*STATISTICAL METHODS, ON-SITE INV
*STOCHASTIC PROCESSES,. *LAKE MICH
*STORM RUNOFF, *SURFACE RUNOFF, *
*STORM RUNOFF, ^SURFACE RUNOFF, *
*STORMS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *WEATHER
*STORMS, *BEACH EROSION, *LAKE MI
*STREAM POLLUTION, *PATH OF POLLU
*STREAM POLLUTION, *POLLUTION ABA
*STREAMS, LEGISLATION, LEGAL ASPE
*STRONTIUM RADIOISOTOPES, SURVEYS
^SUBMERGED LANDS ACT, FEDERAL PRO
*SURFACE RUNOFF, *URBANIZATION, *
*SURFACE RUNOFF, *URBANIZATION, *
*SURFACE WATERS, LAKE MICHIGAN, S
*SURFACE WATERS, *LAKE SUPERIOR,
*SURVEYS, *SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, HY
*SUSPENDED SOLIDS, *URBAN AREAS,
*TEMPERATURE, LAKES, *WATER TEMPE
*TEMPERATURE, EVAPORATION, *LAKE
*TEMPERATURE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, I
*TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, SPRING
^TEMPERATURE, *GREAT LAKES, *LAKE
^TEMPERATURE, *WAVESI WATER ), *CUR
*TEMPERATURE CYCLES, *UPWELLING,
*TEMPERATURE, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *MA
*TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE.:
^TERTIARY TREATMENT, TUNNELING, C
W70-
W71-
W69-
W69-
W72-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W70-
W70-
W71-
W70-
W71-
W72-
W72-
W72-
W69-
W70-
W69-
W70-
W71-
W70-
W72-
W72-
W72-
W72-
W70-
W70-
W69-
W70-
W70-
W69-
W71-
W71-
W69-
W70-
W70-
W68-
W72-
W71-
W69-
W70-
W70-
W70-
W70-
W70-
W71-
W72-
W72-
W72-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W69-
W69-
W70-
06951
10947
09349
09349
02598
09395
09245
02613
09798
09799
03908
02033
03908
02268
02341
02595
09365
03509
08892
06207
03908
09625
00385
02600
00196
00199
07983
06206
07636
06205
06794
01650
06174
06174
09365
09799
09798
01254
02340
08610
00631
02841
04705
02036
09799
09798
06696
03910
04807
02597
05120
05119
07667
10787
10787
13178
13178
03350
01653
06951
258
-------
WATER QUALITY, ^QUALITY CONTROL*
OPULATION C/ PETROMYZON MARINUS,
DIVERSITY INDEX,
*AIRBORNE TEMPERATURE SURVEYS,
EVAPORATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, */
THERMAL POWERPLANTS, COOLING, P/
, BENTHOS, PLANKTON, PERIPHYTON/
LUTION, *BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES,
OMMUNITIES,. *THERMAL POWER PLAN/
CTIONS, *WATER QUALITY, *CHEMIC/
LLUTI/ *WATER LAW, *REGULAT IONS,
IBILITY STUDIES, *WATER COOLING,
GULATIONS, ^THERMAL POWERPLANTS,
N, *TEMPERATURE, DISSOLVED OXYG/
AR POWERPLANTS, *NUCLEAR WASTES,
ASTES, *NUCLEAR WASTES, WATER L/
N, CHEATED WATER, *AQUATIC ENVI/
CHIGAN, *DIU/ *DISSOLVED OXYGEN,
URRENTS(WATER), *CORIOLIS FORCE,
ION, / *SEICHES, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
UM, RHENIUM, RUBIDIUM, SELENIUM,
IONS, *LAKE BED/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
HIGAN/ *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
*BOTTOM SEDIMENTS, *SEDIMENTS,
BOTTOM'SEDIM£NTS, *LAKE MICHIGA/
/ *WATER QUALITY, *GREAT LAKES,
REAT LAKES, LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE/
OTTOM SEDIMENTS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
, ""FALLOUT, GREAT LAKES, TRACKI/
AWAY, *GREAT LAKES, *INVESTMENT,
ABATEMENT, *PROJEC/ *WISCONSIN,
ONMENTAL EFFECTS, *AIR POLLUTIO/
AKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE HURON, *PLA/
LLUTION CONTROL, *FLOOD CONTROL,
USE, *UNDERGROUND STORAGE, *DR/
NTROL, *FLOOD CONTROL, *TUNNELS,
ERGROUND STORAGE, *DR/ *TUNNELS,
AKE MICHIGAN, ^DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
LS, *UNDERFLOW, *BENEFICIAL USE,
WESTERN MICHIGAN LAKE SHORELINE,
OOMS, CLADOPHORA, ALEWIF/ *OECD,
ROTATION E/ *TEMPERATURE CYCLES,
URBAN RUNOFF, *SUSPENDED SOLIDS,
DURBAN / *LAKE COUNTY ILLINOIS,
INOIS) .:
*STORM RUNOFF,
*STORM RUNOFF,
FISHKILL, FISH
^SURFACE RUNOFF,
*SURFACE RUNOFF,
EGGS, *HATCHING,
*ILLINOIS, *SEWAGE, *CHANNELS,
*NAVIGABLE WATERS, *NAVIGATION,
S, *NAVIGATION, *WASTE DISPOSAL,
RMAL LOADINGS, THERMAL TOLERANC/
N, *ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/
AGE TREATMENT, *SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
CONTROL, *TESTING, *RELIABILITY,
LAKE MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION,
*LAKE MICHIGAN, *LAKE SUPERIOR,
*TESTING, *RELIABILITY, *WATER AN
*TFM, *BAY LUSCIDE, *RECOVERY, *P
^THERMAL BAR.:
*THERMAL BAR.:
*THERMAL DISCHARGES.:
*THERMAL GRADIENT, SATELLITE DATA
*THERMAL POLLUTION, *TEMPERATURE,
^THERMAL POLLUTION, TEMPERATURE,
^THERMAL POLLUTION, *AQUATIC LIFE
*THERMAL POWER PLANTS, *DISCHARGE
*THERMAL POLLUTION, *BIOLOGICAL C
*THERMAL POLLUTION, *CHEMICAL REA
*THERMAL POWERPLANTS, *THERMAL PO
^THERMAL POWERPLANTS, *LAKE MICHI
*THERMAL POLLUTION, COOLING, HEAT
*THERMAL POLLUTION,"
^THERMAL POLLUTION,
*THERMAL POLLUTION,
*THERMAL POLLUTION,
^THERMAL STRATIFICATION,
*THERMAL STRATIFICATION,
*LAKE MICHIGA
WATER POLLUTI
RADIOACTIVE W
*LAKE MICHIGA
*LAKE MI
WINDS, G
*THERMOCLINE, THERMAL STRATIFICAT
*TISSUE ANALYSES, BROMINE, FISH L
*TOPOGRAPHY, *GEOLOGIC INVESTIGAT
*TOXICITY, *FOOD CHAINS, LAKE MIC
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *CARBON, *LAKE M
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *HEAVY METALS, *
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *WATER POLLUTION
*TRACE ELEMENTS, HEAVY METALS, *G
*TRACE ELEMENTS, *GEOCHEMISTRY, *
*TRACERS, *MIXING, *LAKE MICHIGAN
^TRANSPORTATION, ^ECONOMIC IMPACT
^TREATMENT FACILITIES, *POLLUTION
*TRITIUM, *NUCLEAR WASTES, *ENVIR
*TROPIC LEVEL, *LAKE SUPERIOR, *L
*TUNNELS, *UNDERFLOW, *STORM RUNO
*TUNNELS, *UNDERFLOW, *BENEFICIAL
*UNDERFLOW, *STORM RUNOFF, *SURFA
*UNDERFLOW, *BENEFICIAL USE, *UND
*UNDERGROUND STORAGE, *RIVER REGU
*UNDERGROUND STORAGE, *DRAINAGE P
*UPPER PENINSULA-EASTERN AREA, *L
*UPPSALA SYMPOSIUM 1968, ALGAL BL
*UPWELLING, LONG INTERNAL WAVES,
*URBAN AREAS, CHICAGO METROPOLITA
*URBAN RUNOFF, *SUSPENDED SOLIDS,
*URBAN WATER SUPPLY, *CHICAGO(ILL
*URBANIZATION, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *D
*URBANIZATION, *WATER CONSERVATIO
LIABILITY, INCUBATION, LARVAL GR
*WASTE DISPOSAL, CITIES, ADMINIST
*WASTE DISPOSAL, *WASTE DUMPS, BO
*WASTE DUMPS, BODIES OF WATER, RE
*WASTE HEAT, COOLING SYSTEMS.:
*WASTE HEAT, *INSHORE WATERS, THE
*WASTE WATER(POLLUTION), *DIELDRI
*WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *LAKE MICH
*WATER ANALYSIS, STATISTICS, MEAS
*WATER ANALYSIS, *POLLUTION ABATE
*WATER CHEMISTRY, *SEDIMENT-WATER
W72-
WTO-
WTO-
W69-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71-
W70'
W70-
W71-
W71-
W70'
W72-
W70-
W69-
W71-
W71-
W71'
W69-
W70'
W70-
W72'
W72-
W70'
W72-
W71'
W70'
W70
W70
W70
W70'
W70
W70'
W71'
W71-
W72
W72-
W71
W70-
W70'
W70-
W71'
W71-
W71-
W71-
W71'
W71-
W72-
W72-
W72-
W71-
-02594"
-07407
04902
05763
-12092
-05120
-05119
-04430
-05137
-11517
-11517
-12092
-08312
08680
-08312
07667
-06208
-08130
03474
-05900
00153
02889
-09972
-01619
-10999
-05064
-07286
08562
-09972
-06325
-02888
-00385
-03345
-03349
-08665
-09799
-09798
-09799
-09798
-09799
-09798
-09622
-04638
13178
-02597
-02597
-07004
-09799
-09798
-08922
-09245
-09196
09196
-08680
-03474
04201
-02598
-02594
-02600
05570
259
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N, SAMPLING, / CURRENTS (WATER),
S, CONDUCTIVITY, WATER POLLUTIO/
TS(WATER), LAKE E/ *GREAT LAKES,
*PHYTOPLANKTON, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*SURFACE RUNOFF, DURBAN IZATION,
NTS, *LAK/ *FEASIBILITY STUDIES,
AGEMENTIAPPLIED), *WATER SUPPLY,
EVELOPMENT, *GROUNDWATER, *ILLI/
TER RESOURCES, *WATER WORKS, *W/
*WATER RESOURCES, *WATER WORKS,
L POWERPLANTS, ^THERMAL POLLUTI/
RIVER, LAKE MICHIGAN, POLLUTION,
LOGIC BUDGET, LEG/ *GREAT LAKES,
ISTRAT/ *ILLINOIS, *GREAT LAKES,
ANA, *WATER MANAGEMENT(APPLIED),
UCTION COSTS, *DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
KE MICHIGAN, ^COMPUTER PROGRAMS,
LAKES, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *BEACHES,
R SUPPLY, *WATER COSTS, *COST A/
R LEVELS, *DRAINAGE S/ *INDIANA,
ON, *RECREATION/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
IS), FOX RIVER(WIS), FLUSHING R/
UTION, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
ITY, *STANDARDS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
WATER QUALITY, WATER POLLUTION,
POLLUTION SOURCES, *PHOSPHORUS,
OR/ *CONFERENCE, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
TY, *FOOD CHAINS, LAKE MICHIGAN/
ICATORS, *COLIFORMS, *MICHIGAN,/
*PHOSPHORUS, *SEWAGE EFFLUENTS,
ION A/ #WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
POLLUTION CONTROL, *POLLUTION A/
SION, *SEICHES,/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
OIS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *STANDARDS,
LAKES, *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
POLLUT/ ^MICHIGAN, *GREAT LAKES,
, *GREAT LAKES, *TRACE ELEMENTS,
^ILLINOIS, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT,
AKE MICHIGAN, *WATER MANAGEMENT,
LUTION ABATEMENT, *WATER POLICY,
N CONTROL, WATER / *GREAT LAKES,
L GOVERNMENT, */ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
ICHIGAN, *EUTROPHICATION, POLLU/
*GREAT LAKES, *WATER POLLUTION,
Y WATER, *ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
POLLUTION SOURCES, *WATER POLLU/
POLLU/ *WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
NTROL, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
IN, *WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT,
GOVERNMENTS, *F/ #LAKE MICHIGAN,
LITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ILLINOIS,
CHIGAN, HEAT TRANSFER, SEASONAL,
E, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT,
ALITY CONTROL, *LAKE MORPHOLOGY,
PROGRAMS, ^DRAINAGE ENGINEERING,
POLLUTION, *AIR/ *LAK.E MICHIGAN,
HIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION SOURCES,
LITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, ^ILLINOIS,
LITY, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ILLINOIS,
*WATER
SWATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
#WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
*WATER
CIRCULATION *LAKE MICHIGA
CIRCULATION, *BAYS, DRIVER
CIRCULATION, WINDS, CURREN
CIRCULATION, NUISANCE ALGA
CONSERVATION, *FLOOD CONTR
COOLING, *THERMAL POWERPLA
COSTS, *COST ANALYSIS, *AQ
DEMAND, *WATER RESOURCES D
DEMAND, *WATER SUPPLY, *WA
DISTRIBUTION, *MUNICIPAL W
LAW, *REGULATIONS, *THERMA
LAW, LEGAL ASPECTS.: /HIO
LEVEL REGULATION.:
LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, *HYDRO
LEVELS, *REGULATION, ADMIN
LEVELS, ^DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
LEVELS, LEGAL ASPECTS, DAM
LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, SURFAC
LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, COASTS
MANAGEMENT! APPLI ED) , *WATE
MANAGEMENT(APPLIED), *WATE
MANAGEMENT, *WATER POLLUTI
MASS MOVEMENT, GREEN BAY(W
POLLUTION SOURCES, *LAND U
POLLUTION, *WATER ANALYSIS
POLLUTION CONTROL, *WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL, TRIBUTA
POLLUTION SOURCES, *PHOSPH
POLLUTION SOURCES, *TOXICI
POLLUTION SOURCES, *BIOIND
POLLUTION SOURCES, WATER P
POLLUTION CONTROL, *POLLUT
POLLUTION SOURCES, *WATER
POLLUTION, *MIXING, *DIFFU
POLLUTION CONTROL, RIVERS,
POLLUTION SOURCES, WATER 0
POLLUTION CONTROL, *WATER
POLLUTION EFFECTS, CHLORID
POLICY, *WATER POLLUTION C
POLLUTION, *RECREATION, #S
POLLUTION CONTROL, ABATEME
POLLUTION, *WATER POLLUTIO
POLLUTION CONTROL, *FEDERA
POLLUTION EFFECTS, *LAKE M
POLLUTION CONTROL, WATER P
POLLUTION SOURCES, *ASPHAL
POLLUTION CONTROL, *WATER
POLLUTION SOURCES, *WATER
POLLUTION TREATMENT, *LAKE
POLLUTION CONTROL, *STANDA
POLLUTION CONTROL, *STATE
POLLUTION, *BEACHES, TURBI
POLLUTION EFFECTS.: /KE MI
POLLUTION CONTROL, *LAKE M
POLLUTION, *LIMNOLOGY, WAT
POLLUTION CONTROL, *FLOOD
POLLUTION SOURCES, *WATER
POLLUTION, *AIR POLLUTION,
POLLUTION, COLIFORMS, BACT
POLLUTION, *BEACHES, RECRE
W71-05R93
W72-01104
W72-0312A
W69-05763
W70-0979fl
W71-08680
W71-08123
W71-07004
W70-05255
W70-05255
W71-08312
W69-02631
W69-03947
W'69-039^7
W69-09422
W70-0012^
W70-001?7
W71-11775
W72-03586
W71-08123
W70-0012^
W69-08892
W72-01104
W72-02459
W72-02600
W72-02459
W71-07361
W71-07361
W71-10999
W71-09270
W71-10947
W72-00247
W72-00247
W71-11474
W72-00196
W71-06053
W71-06053
W69-08562
W69-08172
W69-08892
W69-08172
W69-03948
W69-07648
W69-01649
W69-03948
W69-05421
W72-05990
W72-05990
W72-05990
W70-06206
W70-06205
W70-10360
W70-08130
W70-09798
W70-08433
W70-09799
W71-03764
W71-03764
W70-031AO
W70-03339
260
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ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, COL/
ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, *BE/
AKE MICHIGAN, *DIKE, EARTHWORKE/
E, *CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, *CO/
LLUTION, *AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS,
*WATER TREATMENT, *WATER SUPPLY,
ILLINOIS, *WATER POLLUTION, *BE/
TER TREATMENT, / *LAKE MICHIGAN,
UTION ABATEMENT, SULFATES, ALKA/
NTROL, *LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWAGE /
NT, OIL, WATER POLLUTION, *LEGI/
WASHINGTON/ *EFFLUENT DIVERSION,
ACE ELEMENTS, *WATER POLLUTION /
ILIZATIO/ *MICHIGAN, *STANDARDS,
YS, *LAKE MICHIGAN, WA/ *MIXING,
POLLUTION, *CHEMICAL REACTIONS,
TERM TRE/ *WATER QUALITY TRENDS,
MICHIGAN, *WATER POLLUTION, *W/
*TESTING,-*REL/ *LAKE MICHIGAN,
LITY PARAMETERS, SHORT TERM TRE/
T C/ *CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA,
CON/ *LAKE MICHIGAN, *ESTUARIES,
AQUIFERS, *SURFACE / *WISCONSIN,
OUNDWATER, *ILLI/ *WATER DEMAND,
EUTROPHICATION, L/ *GREAT LAKES,
W/ *WATER DEMAND, *WATER SUPPLY,
ER POLLUTION CONTRO/ *WISCONSIN,
HIGAN, *AIRCRAFT, *WATER VALUES,
TER / *LAKE MICHIGAN, ^ILLINOIS,
OL, *WATER SUPPLY, *WATER TABLE,
AGENCIES, *HYDROLOGY, *GEOLOGY,
*INDIANA, *GEOLOGY, ^POPULATION,
AN, *LEGISLATION, *WATER SUPPLY,
DICIAL/ *MICHIGAN, *LEGISLAT ION,
N, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT,
ER CONSERVATION, *FLOOD CONTROL,
*WATER WORKS, *WATER TREATMENT,
Y, *WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT,
*WATER WORKS, *W/ *WATER DEMAND,
IKE, EARTHWORKE/ *WATER QUALITY,
T A/ *WATER MANAGEMENT
-------
t *RIVER BASINSt *EUTROPHICATIO/
EVELS, *GRAND RIVER BASIN(MICH),
TROLt *RIRRIGATION, *NAVIGATION,
ATION, *NAVIGATION, *IRRIGATION,
ON, RUNOFF, FERTILIZER, STREAMS,
LAKE MICHIGAN, *SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
*KELVIN WAVES,
*HYOROLOGIC CYCLE, *TEMPERATURE,
OMPUTER PROG/ *FOURIER ANALYSIS,
ATA COLLECT-IONS, GREAT LAKES, F/
HERIC), *STORMS, *LAKE MICHIGAN,
*UPPER PENINSULA-EASTERN AREA,/
D PREV. ACT, ^RECREATION, *FISH,
CURRENTS!WATER), *LAKE MICHIGAN,
OUNDWATER, ^AQUIFERS, ^SURFACE /
EFFLUENTS, *WATER POLLUTION SOU/
CTS), *80UNDARIES(PROPERTY), *C/
OPMENT, *WATER POLLUTION CONTRO/
IP OF BEDS, *PUBL 1C RIGHTS, LEG/
DISPUTES, *EOUITABLE APPORTIONM/
AN, *RIPARIAN RIGHTS, LEGISLATI/
UBLIC RIGHTS, *BULKHEAD LINE, L/
, *POLLUTION ABATEMENT, *PROJEC/
S, *MAINTENANCE, LEGISLATION, L/
ARIES
-------
ACKERMANN, W C 116
ADAMS, P L 9
AHRNSRRAK, W F 197, 207
ALLEY, W P 217
ARMOUR, J A 202
ARNOLD, V L 196
ASBURY, J G 158
AYER, N J 104, 112, 129
AYERS, J C 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 156
BACON, V W 111
BALDWIN, M K 238
BARTSCH, A F 7
BEER, L P 151*, 177
BEETON, AM 1, 4, U6, 114,
185, 194, 216
BIRCHFIELD, G E 167, 172
BROOK, A J 199
BRUNK, I W 23
BUNAMO, M 212
BUNKER, R M 59
BURKE, J A 202
BURRIS, R H 218
CALLENDER, E 105, 162, 164,
215
CHANDLER, D C 161
CHANGNON, S A JR 6, 7, 10
COLBY, P J 128
COLLINSON, C 10k, 112
COPELAND, R 193
COUTANT, C C 199
CRABTREE, A N 238
D1ITRI, F M 188
DAMANN, K E 2
DAMBACH, C A 69
DAVIDSON, D R 172
DAVIS C C 3
DAVIS' R A JR 201, 219, 220
DECOOKE, B G 31
DEGURSE, P E 182
DINGELL, J D 211
DRESSMAN, R C 151
EASTIN, R 12
ECKMAN, D E 99
EDGINGTON, D N 105, 128
EDMONDSON, W T 47
EDSALL, T A 121
EICHELBERGER, J W 151
ELLIS, H 22
FAURE, G 12
FITZGERALD, G P 218
FOEHRENBACH, J 40
FOGG, G E 51
FOX, W T 201, 219, 220, 239
GEMMELL, R S 25, 48
GERSTEIN, H H 62
GINDLER, B J 21
GROSS, D L 104, 129, 200
GUSTAFSON, P F 117, 230
HALL, CAS 169
HALL, J B 59
HANDS, E B- 221, 235
HARLEMAN, D R F 59
HARMESON, R H 116
HARRIS, D L 93
HARRY, G Y 161
HAVERKAMPF, P T 70, 71, 72, 73,
74
HAWLEY, E F 163
HEANEY, D F 137
HECK, D B 157
HENDERSON, C 237
HERBST, R P 66
HOLLAND, R E 50
HOUGH, J L 13
HOUSLEY, J G 168
HOWMILLER, R P 185, 194
HOWSON, L R 99
HUANG, J C K 16
HUANG, J C 24, 28, 30
HUFF, F A 6, .10
HUGHES, L A 191
HUTCHINSON, R D 173
INGLIS, A 237
JOHNSON, W L 237
JOHNSON, H W 119
JONES, L M 12
JUDGE, C W 163
KAWAHARA, F K 33
KENNEDY, E J 135, 175
KERHIN, R T 239
KLEINERT, S J 182
KNIGHT, A W 11
KORN, S 198
KRAUSZ, N G P 22
KUHN, J K 147
LANE, P A 214
LAUFF, G H 11
LEE, F G 204
LEE,.G F 203
263
-------
LELAND, H V 108, 112, 157
LICHTENBERG, J J 151
LINEBACK, J A 101*, 112, 129, 200
LIU, P C 168
LONGBOTTOM, J E 151
LOUCKS, A H 1*1
LUCAS, H F JR 128
LYONS, W A 229
MACEK, K J 198
MACHTA, L 93
MACK, W N 188
HAGUE, T 218
MAGUE, T H 241
MALONE, F D 109
MANN, F 22
MANNY, B A 169
MAYER, H M 53
MCilAUGHT, D C 21k
MEYER, R P 200
MODLING, R F 216
MOENCH, A F 171*, 179
MORTIMER, C H 155, 205
MURTY, T S 233
NELSON, D M 230
NEUMANN, E S 120
NIFONG, G D 11*9
NOBLE, V E 20, 2k, 26, 27,
159, 167
ODLAUG, T 0 79, 85, 183
OLIS, A A 106
OLSON, T A 79, 81, 85, 183
OWNBEY, C R 107
PARKOS, W G 79
PECOR, C 119
PETERSON, G L 120
PICCOLO, R A 239
PIKARSKY, M 110
PIPES, W 0 151*
POSTON, H W 32, 107
POWER, J F 65
POWERS, C F lit, 15, 217
RAGOTZKIE, R A 197, 207
RAINEY, R H 1*5
RAO, D B 233
REED, P A 21*0
REINERT, R E 113, 178
REYNOLDS, J Z 160
RICHARDSON, A 238
ROBERTSON, A 11*
ROBINSON, J 238
RODHE, W 86
ROGERS, J R 25, 1(8
ROSSMAN, R 18, 162
RUCH, R R 135, 157, 175
SAYLOR, J H 21*, 29, 231, 235
SCHENKER, E 212
SCHICHT, R J 171*
SCHJELSKE, C L 215
SCHLEICHER, J A Ik7
SCHLEKHER, J A 157
SCHROEDER, D 82
SEDLET, J 230
SHIMP, N F 108, 135, 157,
SILLS, J B 131*
SINCLAIR, R A 116
SPINKS, R 97
SPRECHER, A 106
STANDING, L J 239
STEPHENSON, M E 206
STEWART, W D P 218
STIEGLITZ, R D 166
STOERMER, E F 3U, 98, 170
SULLIVAN, W T 195
SWAIN, W R 85, 183
SWARTS, K A 160
TELEGADAS, K 93
TEWS, L L 208
TIFFANY, M A 1*1
TILLINGHAST, J 181
TORBLAA, R L 115
UNGER, W L 200
UPCHURCH, S B' 232
VAUGHN, J C 118, 21*0
VEITH, G D 201*
VISOCKY, A P 179
WAITE, G G 9U, 95
WANG, W-C 195
WAYBRANT, J R 206
WESTLAKE, D F 51
WHEALDON, E W 131*
WHITE, W A 101*, 108, 112
WILKERSOiJ, J C 159
WILLFORD, W A 131*
WINCHESTER, J W 1*1, 11*9
WOOD, W L JR 180
YANG, J J 98, 170
ZANONI, A E 133
264
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