United States Office of Air Quality EMB Report No.81-OSP-8
Environmental Protection Planning and Standards July 1981
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
xvEPA
On-Shore Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas
Fugitive Volatile Organic
Compound Emission Sources
Emission Test Report
Gulf Oil Company
Venice Plant
Venice, Louisiana
Volume I
-------
DCN 81-222-018-04-36 EMB Report No. 80-OSP-8
EMISSION TEST REPORT
FUGITIVE TEST REPORT
AT THE
GULF VENICE GAS PLANT
VOLUME I
Prepared by:
G. E. Harris
Radian Corporation
8501 Mo-Pac Boulevard
Austin, Texas 78759
Prepared for:
Winton Kelly
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESED/EMB (MD-13)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EPA Contract No. 68-02-3542
Work Assignment No. 4
September, 1981
-------
CONTENTS
Page
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Summary of Results 2
3.0 Process Description 20
4.0 Methodology 22
5.0 Sampling Locations 27
Appendix A A-l
ii
-------
FIGURES
Number Page
3-1 Schematic flow diagram for the Gulf Venice Gas Plant 21
4-1 Sampling train for baggable source of hydrocarbon
emissions using a diaphragm sampling pump 24
-------
TABLES
Number Page
2-1 Summary of Results: VOC Concentration Occurrence
Distribution Gulf Venice Plant
2-2 Summary of Results: Soap Scoring Occurrence
Distribution Gulf Venice Plant 4
2-3 Summary of Results: Mass Emissions Data Gulf Venice Plant 5
2-4 Rescreening Data Summary Gulf, Venice 12
-------
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of testing for fugitive VOC (Volatile
Organic Compounds) emissions at the Gulf Venice gas plant, Venice, La. The
testing was performed by Radian Corporation on March 2 through March 13, 1981.
This work was funded and administered by the Emission Measurement Branch of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of this testing was to
develop data to be used in support of New Source Performance Standards for
onshore production facilities.
The specific objectives of the test program were to:
1) conduct a screening survey using a portable analyzer to obtain
equipment inventories and leak frequencies by equipment type;
2) collect process information for each source including service,
composition in the line, seal orientation, elevation, and
accessability;
3). conduct a limited parallel screening survey using a soap scoring
procedure for comparison to portable hydrocarbon analyzer
screening results; and
4) perform emission measurements on selected sources that exhibit
inconsistent results between portable analyzer screening and
soap scoring, and for those sources where previous data are
limited.
The following sections present a summary of results, a description of
the process configuration, the testing: methodology, and the sampling locations.
A full listing of the data and other supplemental information are included
in the appendices.
-------
SECTION 2
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
This section presents a summary of the fugitive emission data gathered
at the Gulf Venice gas plant. All data are presented in the appendices.
Appendix A includes a more detailed listing of the mass emission sampling
data, as well as an explanation of all coding conventions used on the field
data sheets. Appendix B includes copies of the field data sheets.
The gas plant screening results are presented in Tables 2-1 and 2-2.
Table 2-1 presents the distribution of VOC concentration readings for each
source type, while Table 2-2 presents similar information for soap scores.
These tables also give the population results by source type.
The results of the baggable sampling are presented in Table 2-3. The
mass emission rates are presented in kilograms per day for each source type
in terms of both methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons. The sources were
rescreened both, before and after sampling. The mean value of the rescreening
is also presented in Table 2-3 for both the OVA and soap scoring. The
original screening value is presented along with screening values taken
immediately before and after sampling in Table 2-4. These data also present
paired values for VOC concentrations and soap scores so that a comparison
of the two survey methods can be made.
It should be noted that the source type called flanges actually includes
a variety of pipe—to—pipe connections including threaded fittings, unions,
and compression-type tubing fittings. Welded joints were not included in
this survey. The "other" category represents a group of sources that were
too few in number to warrant separate listing. Included in the "other"
-------
TABLE 2-1. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: VOC CONCENTRATION OCCURRENCE DISTRIBUTION
GULF VENICE PLANT
SOURCE TYPE
Process
OVA Flanges Drains
Screening
Value (PPMV) // X * X
0 to 199 477 94.3 15 75.0
200 to 9,999 19 3.8 3 15.0
>- 10,000 10 2.0 2 10.0
Total Sources Screened 506 17.9 20 100.0
Sources not Screened 2314* 82.1 0 0.0
Total Sources 2820* 20
Open Relief Pump
Ended Lines Valves Valves Seals
0 X 0 X 0 X II %
112 80.6 2 66.7 587 56.6 16 40.0
15 10.8 0 0.0 228 22.0 15 37.5
12 8.6 1 33.3 223 21,5 9 22.5
139 95.9 3 50.0 1038 91.4 40 100.0
6 4.1 3 50.0 98 8.6 0 0.0
145 6 1136 40
Compressors Other
0 X » %
I 50.0 24 100.0
0 0.0 0 0.0
1 50.0 0 0.0
2 50.0 24 96.0
2 50.0 1 4.0
4 25
t - Number of Sources
% - Percent of Total Sources Screened
* Estimated Value - Every fifth flange was surveyed
-------
TABLE 2-2.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS:
GULF VENICE PLANT
SOAP SCORING OCCURRENCE DISTRIBUTION
SOURCE TYPE
Soap Score
0
1
2
3
4
Total Sources Soaped
Sources Hot Soaped
Total Sources
Process
Flanges Drains
* X t X
17 94.4 0
0 0.0 0
0 0.0 0
1 5.6 0
0 0.0 0
18 0.6 0 0.0
2802* 99.4 20 100.0
2820* 20
Open Relief
Ended Lines Valves
#
3
0
0
0
0
3
142
145
X II %
100.0 0
0.0 0
0.0 0
0.0 0
0.0 0
2.1 0 0.0
97.9 6 100.0
6
Valves
t X
15 53.6
2 7.1
5 17.9
3 10.7
3 10.7
28 2.5
1108 97.5
1136
Pump
Seals
0 X
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.0 •
40 100.0
40
Compressors Other
» 1- II
0 — 0
0 — 0
0 0
0 0
0 — 0
0 0.0 0
4 100.0 25
4 25
X
—
—
—
—
—
0.0
100.0
# — Number of Sources
X - Percent of Total Sources Soaped
* - Estimated value - Every fifth flange was surveyed
-------
TABLE 2-3. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: MASS EMISSIONS DATA
GULF VENICE PLANT
Source Source
Type ID
pt.i u:r vALVts iiaa
vAi.vi.s iy
2U
22
22 /
27*
27b
27b
286
380
403
105
51
fcb
160
Mean OVA
Screening
Value
100001
60001
lOOOOl
100001
53501
62501
55000
2750Q
1 0 U 0 0 1
lOOOOl
1 Ci 0 0 0 1
3750
3MbOQ
lOOOOl
2P500
Mean Soap
Screening
Value
H.O
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
1.5
3.0
3.0
3.P
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
Nonmethane
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0.16150
0,01666
0.01332
0,01776
0.01256
0,01612
o.omaa
0,01064
O.U135H
o.oiooa
0,00062
0,0060<+
0,00089
0.02076
0.0062b
Total HC
Leak Rates
(Kg /Day)
0.16306
0,01666
0,01^34
0.01780
0.01*58
0.01612
0.01H88
0.01064
0,0l3b9
0.01022
0,00068
O.OObQif
0.00089
0.02076
0,00625
-------
TABLE 2-3. (Continued)
Source Source
Type ID
VA|. VF.S 162
IGfa
171
173
17b
30 1
414
42U
42«
50b
50 /
93*
931
933
934
Mean OVA
Screening
Value
17501
4bOoo
22500
62 SOl
60001
23000
100001
100001
I7b0
100001
900
27bO
4000
bOO
55001
Mean Soap
Screening
Value
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.5
3.5
2.0
'1.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
*
0.0
Nonmethane
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0.02283
0,'JOl82
0,00086
fl.OOfflb
0,00538
0,00068
n. 07927
0.02637
O.U005U
O.UOlOO
0.00018
r.ooiov
0. 00262
0,0090't
f), 00347
Total HC
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0.02*85
0.00102
O.C0086
O.OOHB6
0.00038
0.00068
0.07*91
0.02t>37
O.OUObO
0.00100 !
O.OOU18
O.COJ.09
0.00*63
0.00^04
O.OU347
-------
TABLE 2-3. (Continued)
Source Source
Type ID
VAI.VLS 950
960
972
97fl
980
985
1052
107U
107*
1091
1092
64 /
650
65b
1176-
Mean OVA
Screening
Value
7000
lOOUUi
lOOOOl
65001
100001
lOOUOl
1000
13500
21500
1&50
625
1 0 0 0 0 1
lOOOOl
lOOOOl
100001
Mean Soap
Screening
Value
0.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
H.O
3.0
0.0
•
•
0.5
0.0
2.5
lf.0
3.0
2.5
Nonmethane
Leak Rates
(Kg /Day)
0.02695
o.Hioeo
0. 03812
0.00000
0.01769
0.09325
0. 00144
0. 04612
0.40394
0.00325
0.00306
0.00737
0.14687
0.00793
0.00056
Total HC
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0.02696
0.44204
0.03«14
O.OOUOO
0,01/71
0.09^89
O.OOJ-44
0.04fc>12
0.40439
0.00525
0.00508
0.00/37
0.14687
0,00/93
0.00204
-------
TABLE 2-3. (Continued)
00
Source Source
Type ID
\Ml Vi:;> iiyy
lie1*
I23b
1240
1243
12(+1
I24b
124'
1255
125/
1266
1267
1260
I3£b
57'
Mean OVA
Screening
Value
100001
10000],
1 0 C 0 0 1
ICOOOl
100001
100001
27bO
5000
1(JOO
3000
lOOOOl
UOOOl
1 f J 0 0 0 1
2(ibO
47bOO
Mean Soap
Screening
Value
3.rJ
3.5
1.0
3.5
4.0
t.n
2.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
0.0
2.5
Nonmethane
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0.00105
U. 05380
0.0033H
O.U0027
0.01643
0.^0583
0.00023
o.oooia
0.00006
0,00013
0.0007H
P.004P3
C, 00543
0.00016
C. 00210
Total HC
Leak Rates
(Kg /Day)
o.oobog
0.49*13
0.02Ab4
O.OOU27
0.05303
0.11U97
O.OOU23
O.OOU18
O.OOUOfl
O.OOU13
0.00^99
0.05457
O.l0fa7l
O.OOU54
0.00^18
-------
TABLE 2-3. (Continued)
vo
Source Source
Type ID
V/,1. VLS 581
602
603
6f)6
61£>
696
1292
1631
1631
163/
1650
1656
169*
1B6^
1871*
Mean OVA
Screening
Value
45000
fiOOO
55501
55001
100001
100001
175
600
125
tiOO
10000]
100001
100001
56001
iOOOOl
Mean Soap
Screening
Value
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
Nonmethane
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0.00106
O.U0127
P. 00177
0.00591
0,00737
0.00533
0,00010
0.00106
0.00016
n . o o o o 7
0.01281
0,07668
n. 01591
0.00296
0.02281
Total HC
Leak Rates
(Kg /Day)
0.00186
0.00127
0,00177
0,00595
0.00737
0.00&33
0.00021
0,00106
0.00017
O.OOU63
0,05000
1,60123
0.16083
O.OU303
0. 02-517
-------
TABLE 2-3. (Continued)
o
Mean OVA
Source Source Screening
Type ID Value
PUI'iP SEALS jb 100001
1' lOOOOl
?8 275
z inoooi
fa 3000
7 2250
0 70001
9 100001
1* 100001
14 2bOO
3b 6000
41 4000
42 ObOO
44 0100
31 10000
Mean Soap Nonmethane
.Screening Leak Rates
Value (Kg/Day)
4,71385
6.62584
0.00200
0.09927
0.01805
0,02197
0.36374
4.06538
5.07409
n. 06334
n. 02989
0.02951
0.13196
0.02340
. 0.65920
Total HC
Leak Rates
(Kg /Day)
4.71127
6.61&16
0,00*02
0.09^32
0.01003
0.02197
0,36403
4,06449
5.87102
0.06348
0,02^90
0,02^70
0,13326
0.02^82
0,68407
-------
TABLE 2-3. (Continued)
Source Source
Type ID
'l-TlP .SEAL& 32
ji
34
3/
Mean OVA
Screening
Value
50000
13500
2000
Mean Soap
Screening
Value
.
.
Nonmethane
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0,09037
0. 05336
0,00540
Total HC
Leak Rates
(Kg/Day)
0.09090
0.05336
0.00542
421
100001
1.01959
-------
2-4
UA I A
GULh
ORIGINAL SCHEMING VALUt
************************
soi.'Rcr TYPt- ID AMALYZEK SOAP
•r >• ********************* * * * * *********** ***********
******************
ANALYSER SOAP
******** ********
AFTLR
*****************
ANALYZER SOAP
******** ********
Kn.Ttr
r-o
1«3
1*
20
22
51
6b
160
162
16*
171
173
I7f,
*27
212
?: > \:
1000 (1 1
1 0 0 0 1
10000
7 0 0 0 2
4000 2
1 0 0 f) 0 1 4
30000
25000
15OOU
.1 8 n o o
3UOOO
i o o o n 1
4 0 o 0 1)
? 0 0 0 0
,1 n o r d i
1 0 0 0 0 1
1000U1
lououi
lOUOUl
90UO
1 0 U 0 U l
150UQ
250UQ
20000
2000Q
lOOOOi
60000
70UO
iOUUUi
(~ U l) U 0
4
3
4
3
2
4
3
3
3
r!
3
3
3
3
e'
100001
2000U
1 00001
3,00001
6UOOU
i o o o n i
30000
10001
7000U
L'SOOU
2bOOU
100001
1 C 0 C 0 1
2BOOU
SOCiHJ
4
3
3
3
2
^
3
3
3
2
2
4
3
3
5
-------
TAHLf 2-4
DATA SUMMARY
SCREENING VALUE
************************
TYPE ID ANALYZER SOAP
*t+**************+***+* **** *********** ***********
\MLVTS
BEFORE FIEASUREMENI
********** ********
ANALYSER SOAP
******** ********
u>
AFTER
*****************
AfjALYZt'R SOAP
******** ********
27fe
2 Of,
30 i
3»fc
4 03
'405
M J'4
'420
'4 2 ti
5 0 5
b07
577
5 8 1
oO?
b 0 3
10001
1.0001
12000
1500
10001
2500
100001
100001
3500
snoo
1500
lOOooi
100001
loOcoi
1 0 U 0 0 1
2UOUQ
10UUU1
faOUO
lOUUUi
100001
35UO
10UOU1
lOUOUl
15U(J
•
101)0
9UOUQ
4 U 0 U u
1*"\ M M n
JU U 0
liOUt)
2
3
2
3
3
2
'4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3500U
100001
4000U
100001
jCOOOl
400U
1 0 0 0 0 1
100001
20 OU
1 0 0 0 0 1
600
5000
5000U
1000
1 . 0 0 0 0 1
1
3
2
3
3
2
4
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
-------
TAHLf. 2-4
NG UATA SUMMARY
GULI-. VLNKE
ORIGINAL SCREENING VALUE
*************** 4*$.,;**.^^
TYPt. ID ANALYZER SOAP
f *Hr***4**44* + ***.f*4.**.* *4*.+ 4********** * 4 * * * * 4; * * * *
BEFORE MEASUREMENI
********** 4- **** *4*
ANALYSER SOAP
******** ********
AFTER MEASUPEMENI
ANALYZER SOAP
******** ********
\/AL\/[-S
60&
bib
647
650
656
696
931
93?
c;33
«>34
yho
1J53
^bji
S7?
^7tt
i n o o o i
1 0 0 C 0 1
loQooi
lOOcoi
6 0 0 0 0
i o o n o i
30000
3noo
3COO
50000
i n o o o i
50000
1 0 C 0 0 1
100001
i o o o n i
lOUOUl
lOUOUl
lOUOUl
lOUOUl
lOUOUj
lOUOUl
50UQ
30UQ
6UC
lOUOUl
9uuu
lououl
10UUU1
lOUOUl
10UUU1
4
3
2
4
3
3
U
2
-
0
0
3
2
3
6
10001
1 0 U 0 0 1
100001
100001
100001
100001
3001J
2500
400
10001
b (1 0 U
40000
100001
loooni
3 0 0 0 u
3
3
3
4
3
3
0
2
-
0
0
3
4
4
3
-------
TABLE 2-4
MING DATA
ORIGINAL SCHt-ENlNG VALUt
************************
SOURCE, TYPt- ID ANALYZER bOAP
*f*+1*t**************** * * * * *********** ********
ULFORt
******************
ANALYSER SOAP
******** ********
AFTLR MEASURED N I
*****************
A|jALYZf-R SOAP
******** ********
t_n
980
983
1052
1070
1072
1091
1092
1176
1179
llh't
1236
1240
1 2 '» 3
12M'»
1 ei M 5
100001
1 0 0 0 0 1
900
12000
150 on
15CO
700
10U001
10U001
100001
1 0 C 0 0 1
100001
i n o mi
inuooi
•* 0 1) 0
1000U1
10UOU1
8UQ
120UO
IttOUQ
2500
7bO
1000U1
1 0 U 0 U l
lOUOUl
lOUOUl
1 0 0 0 U i
lOUUUj
lOUOOi
HUUO
H
3
0
-
-
0
0
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
2
100001
100001
120"
15000
250011
1200
bOU
100001
1 0 0 0 0 1
100001
lOOOOl
1 0 0 0 0 1
i o o o n i
lOOOOl
ifsou
4
3
0
-
-
1
0
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
-------
2-4
Kt.sCKETKUNG DATA SUMMARY
ORIGINAL SCKLF.NING VALUE!
********************** * *
SCUKCF TYPE
AFTLR MEASUKEMt-Nl
******************
\MLVr S
o\
11.'
* * * *
1247
i;j55
1257
12bb
-1267
126ft
1292
lib £>
1631
1634
Ib37
it,5n
16fi£
169?.
It! (no
ANALY2FK SOAP
*********** ***********
5000
900
4000
100001
sOooo
20000
400
10001
700
250
700
1 0 0 C 0 1
100001
100001
1 0 0 C 0 1
ANALYSER
********
50UO
12UO
25UQ
lOUOUi
fcuouo
lOUOUi
6UQ
50UO
500
150
700
lOUOUi
1 0 U 0 U l
i o u o u i
10UOU1
SOAP
********
2
2
2
3
4
4
0
0
U
0
2
4
4
4
3
ANALYZER
********
500U
600
350U
lOOOOl
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1
350
700
700
10U
90U
300001
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1
12000
SOAP
********
2
1
2
3
4
4
1
0
U
U
2
4
4
4
3
-------
TABLE. 2-1
fUNG UA1A SUMMARY
ORIGINAL SCKE.LNING VALUL
***********************.
TYPL ID ANAE
*******„**,„,***„ ****
PUMP STALS
*** *
b7'i
?,
b
7
6
9
12
m
15
17
27
2b
30
31
•52
• •'•!•• U 1 t-i-l* OU/U'
********** ***********
loonoi
loOooi
500
I ? 0 0
50000
100001
?ocoo
^00
100001
a u o o o
3000
ISO
i o o n o i
f 000
5000
ANALYSER SOAP
******** ********
10UOU1 4
10UUU]
IbUO
30UO
1 0 0 0 1) 1
lOUOUl
1 0 U U U 1
iOUQ
1 0 U 0 U i
1 0 U 0 U 1
HOUQ
450
0
2 U 0 U 0
-------
TABLE. 2-4
KE.SCKEF.NANG DATA SUMMARY
GULF i
GKIGIMAL SCKEENING VALUE
************************
10 ANALYZED SOAP
HLTUKL
c»
SOAP
AFTLR
*****************
+ 4= 4 4 4 4 4 * * 4 4 4 * + * 4 » > * * * * * * * *
u'1P SFAI..S 6H
35
37
41
4?
44
J^lPi-K SSOK SHALS 42 I
*********** **********
bono
10001
6000
"7COO
iSooo
1500
40000
* ******** ********
120UQ
bouo
iiouo
40UQ
120UO
IbOUO
1 0 U U U i
*******
15000
4 0 0 U
•
4 a ou
bOOU
i?ou
1 0 0 0 0 1
-------
category were sight glasses, vacuum breakers, meters, pig traps, control
valve diaphragm vents, and thermowells.
No attempt has been made to summarize the process data collected. All
of these data are contained in the field data sheets in Appendix B. This
information will be used in structuring emission factor categories in a
report covering all available gas plant fugitive emission data.
19
-------
SECTION 3
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
This report presents the results of testing at the gas processing
portion of the Gulf Oil plant located in Venice, Louisiana. The facility
is a refrigerated oil absorption gas plant with a design capacity of 800 x
106 cubic feet per day. During the test period, the plant was processing
approximately 450 x 106 cubic feet per day.
A simplified flow diagram for the plant is shown in Figure 3-1. The
raw natural gas is delivered to the plant by pipeline at a relatively high
pressure; therefore, there is no need for additional on-site compression.
The gas is chilled by a propane refrigeration system and is fed to two
parallel absorption trains. The natural gas liquids are absorbed from the
gas by a kerosene-type absorption oil. The product gas (97 percent methane)
is routed into a pipeline for distribution.
The natural gas liquids are stripped from the absorption oil, and
separated into an ethane/propane stream, propane, normal butane, iso-butane,
and natural gasoline by a series of distillation columns. The ethane-propane
(E/P) stream is amine treated and transported by pipeline to a chemical com-
pany for processing. The other liquids are routed to storage in nearby salt
dome caverns.
20
-------
TO FUEL
RAW
FEED GAS'
TO FUEL
ABSORBERS (2)
^ 7
\ /
A
/_\
*
LEAN OIL
**
•x
""*•
RICH OIL
DEMETHANIZER
R.O.
PREFRACTIONATOR
R.O.
FRACTIONATOR
RESIDUE
GAS
TO SALES -^ 1 V. r~
>-^v
J
("
ETHANE FEED c*
\ COMPRESSOR REFRIGERANT^ 1
r — i i — i
(-«— i FROM FIELD t (\J
J OR BARGE f iL
WMAKE A s^-^ ^f
TANK J —
y ^
PROPANE
TOE/PAMINE A
"** SYSTEM
. — — v
DEPROPANIZER
DEBl
(DEETHANIZEflA
FEEDTANK J
DEETHANIZER
T
ISOBUTANE
C4 SPLITTER
NATURAL GASOLINE
T
n-BUTANE
7021791
Figure 3-1. Schematic Flow diagram for the Gulf Venice Gas Flant.
-------
SECTION 4
METHODOLOGY
The fugitive emissions testing at the Gulf Venice gas plant included
both "screening" and "bagging" operations. Screening is a generic term
covering any quick portable method of detecting fugitive emissions. Both
instrumental screening (using the Century Systems OVA-108) and soap scoring
were used in parallel on this task. Bagging refers to a quantitative
emission measurement achieved by enclosing the source in a Mylar® shroud and
analyzing an equilibrium flow of air through the enclosure.
The instrumental screening was done according to the procedures speci-
fied in EPA Proposed Method 21-. Method 21 only requires that the concentration
be recorded (_as specified in the standard) if it is over the leak definition
specified in the applicable regulation. Since this effort was more oriented
to regulatory support than to regulatory monitoring, however, the maximum
screening value was recorded for all sources.
The soap scoring method was modeled after a method used in screening
fugitive emissions from petroleum production facilities.2 The soap solution
was prepared from 100 ml. of rug shampoo (HR Professional Formula) mixed with
a gallon of either distilled water or a mixture of distilled water and ethylene
glycol. The solution was applied using a common garden sprayer.
federal Register, Vol. 46 No. 2, Monday, Jan. 5, 1981, p. 1160.
2Eaton, ¥.S., et al. "Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions from Petroleum
Production Operations." APT Publication No. 4322, American Petroleum
Institute (J.980).
22
-------
Each source was sprayed with soap solution, being sure to coat all
areas of potential leakage. A careful inspection was then conducted to
detect any bubble formation. A soap score was then assigned based on the
estimated bubble volume generated in a six-second observation:
Soap Score Estimated Bubble Volume
0 No detectable bubbles
1 0 to 1 cc/6 sec.
2 1 to 10 cc/6 sec.
3 10 to 100 cc/6 sec.
4 >100 cc/6 sec.
The screening methods outlined above were used on every accessible
source except for flanges. Only 20 percent of the flanges were screened
because of their large population. Sources screened included valves, flanges,
pumps, compressors, open-ended lines, drains, relief valves, and many other
miscellaneous sources. The survey was conducted on a line-by-line basis to
minimize the time required to obtain process data, such as the composition
and phase of the material in the line. A few sources were not screened due
to either physical inaccessibility or safety problems which prevented close
approach, but these sources were recorded on the data sheets to insure that
a complete source inventory was obtained.
Bagging procedures were carried out according to methods developed in
previous testing.3 The leaking area of the source was completely
enclosed in a shroud of Mylar® plastic to contain any emissions. A flow of
dilution air was induced through the enclosure by the sampling train shown
in Figure 4-1. The enclosure seal and the flow rate were varied to achieve
3Radian Corporation. "The Assessment of Atmospheric Emissions from
Petroleum Refining, Volume 2, Appendix A," EPA Report No. 600/2-80-756,
EPA/IERL/RTP, July, 1980.
23
-------
N>
MAGNEHELIC
I
THIS LINE SHOULD
BE AS SHORT
AS POSSIBLE
TENT
a-1 '-|H| COLD TRAP
in (ICE BATH)
LEAKING
VALVE
TRAP
SMALL
DIAPHRAGM
PUMP
FILTER VACUUM PUMP
SAMPLE DAG
TWO WAY VALVE
Figure 4-1. Sampling Train for Baggable Source of Hydrocarbon
Emissions Using a Diaphragm Sampling Pump
-------
a slight, but measurable, vacuum on the tent to insure that all emissions
were contained. A cold trap was provided to collect any heavier components
which might condense in the downstream lines. The flow rate was measured
with a dry gas meter, at which both temperature and pressure were measured
to allow a conversion to standard conditions. The discharge of the vacuum
pump was monitored with an OVA to determine when steady-state conditions had
been established. At that point, a Tedlar® sampling bag was filled from the
discharge of the small Teflon® lined diaphragm pump. The sample bag was
then analyzed for methane and total non-methane hydrocarbons on a Byron THC
analyzer (.GC/FID with backflush after methane). The THC was calibrated daily
with a mixture of 728 ppmw propane and 263 ppmw methane in zero air.
Noncondensible mass emissions from the source were then calculated from
the bagging data by the following equations:
„ _ K! DF (P - AP) M (r - CA)
460 + T
where E = noncondensibel hydrocarbon emission rate in kg/day,
G _
K! = 2.99 x 10 5 (a conversion constant),*
D = dry gas meter (DGM) correction factor,
F = flow rate in actual cubic feet per minute,
P = barometric pressure in inches of mercury,
AP = differential pressure at the DGM in inches of mercury,
M = molecular weight of the measured gas,
C = hydrocarbon concentration in the sample in ppmw,
C = ambient hydrocarbon concentration in ppmw,
T = temperature at the DGM in °F.
*The field data were taken in English- units. This factor includes
appropriate metric conversions as- well as an adjustment to standard
conditions of 60 °F and 29-, 92 inches- of mercury.
25
-------
The molecular weight (M) was calculated by:
106
+
86 29
The emission rates for either the methane or the non-methane fractions can
be calculated by the above equations by using the appropriate value of methane
or non-methane concentration for C in equation (1). If any organic condensate
was collected in the cold trap, its contribution to the emissions was calcu-
lated by:
C3)
where EL = condensible emissions kg/day,
SG = specific gravity of the condensate (used 0.75g/ml. if there was
too little to measure the specific gravity) ,
V = volume of condensate collected in mis,
t = time of collection in minutes.
1.44 = units conversion constant from g/min. to kg. /day.
The total hydrocarbon emissions would then be:
ET = EGM + EGNM + EL (4)
where E = total hydrocarbon emissions in kg/day,
E = methane emissions in kg/day,
E, = non-mehtane hydrocarbon emissions in kg/day,
GNM
E^ = condensible hydrocarbon emissions in kg/day.
26
-------
SECTION 5
SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The Gulf Venice plant included both a refinery and a natural gas
processing facility. All of the testing described in this report was con-
fined to the natural gas processing section. Screening for fugitive emissions
was performed throughout the gas plant, with only a few associated processes
excluded, and sources for bagging were selected from those screened. This
section provides the details of what portions of the plant were screened
and sampled.
The screening survey included all the process equipment in the gas plant
with, the following exceptions:
• the propane refrigeration system was not screened except for
the propane compressor,
• the amine scrubbing system on the ethane/propane product was
not screened, and
• the glycol regeneration system was not screened.
In those sections screened, all sources were screened with the exception of
flanges. Only 20 percent of the flanges were screened because of their large
population.
Instrumental screening was performed on all sources in the screening
survey. Soap scoring was conducted in parallel to the instrumental screening
for the first few days of testing. When it became necessary to start
simultaneous bagging and screening, there was insufficient manpower to do
soap scoring on the original screening survey.
27
-------
Each source selected for bagging was rescreened immediately before and
after sampling using both instrumental screening and soap scoring. This was
done to provide data for correlations between screening values and mass
emission rates, as well as to provide a comparison of soap scoring to instru-
mental screening.
The primary objective of the bagging effort was to accumulate mass
emission data on those sources where existing data were scarce. It was also
desired to measure mass emissions from sources where there was inconsistency
between the two screening methods. The priorities for source sampling were,
therefore:
1) compressor seals,
2) relief valves,
3) pump seals,
4) sources with inconsistent screening values, and
5) valves.
No sampling was done on flanges or open-ended lines since the existing data
base covered them adequately.
The only compressor associated with the gas plant was the propane refrigera-
tion compressor. This compressor was sampled.
Despite a high-priority-, only one relief valve was sampled. Other relief
valves were not sampled due physical inaccessibility, venting to a flare, or
a lack of, utility stations close enough- to operate the sampling train.
A total of 2CX pump seals were sampled. This included all pump seals found
leaking in the original screening survey.
28
-------
The remainder of the sampling effort was devoted to valves. A total of
76 valves were sampled to fill out a matrix to provide a range of data with
which to develop a screening value to leak rate correlation. The limited
amount of soaping done on the original screening survey did not identify
any sampling candidates due to inconsistencies between soap and instrumental
screening. Some inconsistencies were noted, however, during the rescreening
of sources chosen for sampling.
29
-------
APPENDIX A
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
A—1 Coding Conventions
A-2 Summary of Sampling Data
A-3 Summary of QA/QC Data
A-l
-------
A-l
CODING CONVENTIONS
A-2
-------
TABLE'A-l. DATA CODING CONVENTIONS
Colunns Coding
1,2 Month (i.e., May = 05, October = 10)
3,4 Day of the month
5,6 Year (19 8. 0)
7,8 A sequential identification number assigned to each plant.
9,10 An identification number for each process unit encountered.
For example:
let 01 = Gas Plant - Adsorption
02 = Gas Plant - Cryogenic
etc.
11,12,13 A unique identification number assigned to each screening
team. Each team member is assigned a personal ID number
between 0 and 9. Column 11 will then contain the ID for the
soap score reader, column 12 will be the OVA operator, and
column 13 will be the data recorder.
14,15 A sequential ID number assigned to each instrument used.
Outside documentation should then include:
Instrument 1 = OVA #2158
Instrument 2 = OVA #1575
etc.
16-21 A sequential ID number for each source encountered. Start
back at No.-l for each new plant.
22 - 28 The instrument screening value in pprav.
29,30 Source Type Code
Source Code
Flange 1 '
Process drain 2
Open-end line 3
Agitator seal 4
Relief valve 5
A-3
-------
TABLE A-l. DATA CODING CONVENTIONS (continued)
Columns
Coding
29,30 (cont'd)
Valves
On-line
Pump
Seals
Source Code
'Block valve - gate type 10
Block valve - globe type 11
Block valve - plug type 12
Block valve - ball type 13
Block valve - butterfly type 14
Block valve - other types 15*
Control valve - gate type 20
Control valve - globe type 21
Control valve - plug type 22
Control valve - ball type 23
Control valve - butterfly type 24
•Control valve - other types 25*
»
Single, mechanical, emission point at seal 30
Single, mechanical, emission point at vent 31
Single, mechanical, other emission point 32*
Double, mechanical, emission point at seal 33
Double, mechanical, emission point at vent 34
Double, mechanical, other emission point 35*
Single, packed, emission point at seal 36
Single, packed, emission point at vent 37
Single, packed, other emission point 38*
^Sealless pumps 39*
*Explain in comment field.
A-4
-------
TABLE A-l. DATA CODING CONVENTIONS (continued)
Columns Coding
29,30 (cont'd)
Off-line
Pump
Seals
On-line
Compres-
sor
Seals
Source
Single, mechanical, emission point at seal
Single, mechanical, emission point at vent
Single, mechanical, other emission point
Double, mechanical, emission point at seal
Double, mechanical, emission point at vent
Double, mechanical, other emission point
Single, packed, emission point at seal
Single, packed, emission point at vent
Single, packed, other emission point
Sealless pumps
* Single, mechanical, emission point at seal
Single, mechanical, emission point at vent
Single, mechanical, other emission point
Double, mechanical, emission point at seal
Double, mechanical, emission point at vent
Double, mechanical, other emission point
Single, packed, emission point at seal
Single, packed, emission point at vent
Single, packed, other emission point
Sealless compressors
Code
40
41
42*
43
44
45*
46
47
48*
49*
50
51
52*
53
54
55*
56
57
58*
59
*Explain in the comment field.
A-5
-------
TABLE A-l. DATA CODING CONVENTIONS (continued)
Columns
Coding
29,30 (cont'd)
31
32 - 35
Off-line
Compres-
sor
Seals
Source Code
"Single, mechanical, emission point at seal 60
Single, mechanical, emission point at vent 61
Single, mechanical, other emission point 62*
Double, mechanical, emission point at seal 63
Double, mechanical, emission point at vent 64
Double, mechanical, other emission point 65*
Single, packed, emission point at seal 66
Single, packed, emission point at vent 67
Single, packed, other emission point 68*
Sealless compressors 69*
Vacuum Breakers 70
Expansion Joints 71
Rupture Disks 72
Sight Glass Seals 73
Service Code -
1 = Gas at Process Conditions
2 = Light Liquids (naphthas and lighter with a vapor
pressure 21 0.04 psi @ 20°C)
3 = Heavy Liquids (kerosene and less volatile liquids
with a vapor pressure < 0.04 psi @ 20°C)
Material Code - a unique sequential identification number
for each new process stream encountered. The code should be
explained on the "Material Coding Sheet" shown as Table A-2.
The stream description should include information about
specific components and their concentrations (i.e., de-
propanizer overhead - 80% propane, 11% propylene, 3% ethane,
6% isobutane).
*Explain in the comment field.
A-6
-------
TABLE A-l. DATA CODING CONVENTIONS (continued)
Columns Coding
36 Elevation Code -
0 = Below ground level (pits, etc.)
1 = Ground level
2 = 1st Platform above ground
3 = 2nd Platform above ground
etc.
37 Accessibility Code -
Blank = normal (easy) accessibility
1 = accessible with a free standing ladder or a
minor amount of scaffolding
2 = accessible only with a crane, cherry picker,
or major scaffolding
3 = physically accessible, but not safe to
approach
4 = emission point inaccessible because it is hard
piped to a control device
5 = shrouds or other safety devices prevent access
to the seal area
? = Other codes may be assigned and documented in
the field
38 Soap Score Code -
0 — No detectable bubbling during the six second
observation period
1 = Zero to 1 cc total bubble volume in six seconds
2 = 1 cc to 10 cc per six seconds
3 = 10. cc to 100 cc per six seconds
4 = > 100 cc per six seconds, which is characterized
by bubbles popping before the 6 second period is up
and/or the soap solution being blown away from the
seal area
39 Orientation Code -
1 = Horizontal seal interface (vertical-mounted valve)
2 = Vertical seal interface (horizontal-mounted valve)
3 = Diagonal seal interface
4 = Rotating seal, no soap score possible
A-7
-------
TABLE A-l. DATA CODING CONVENTIONS (continued)
Columns Coding
40 - 79 Comments - Free form alpha-numeric field which can be used
to describe any significant information noted about the
source, such as:
VISIBLE LIQUID EMISSION,
VISIBLE VAPOR EMISSION,
HOT SOURCE, SOAP VAPORIZING,
COLD SOURCE, ICE FORMING,
SEAL AREA VENTED TO FLARE,
SCREENED AT SEAL OIL VENT, etc.
A-8
-------
TABLE A-J. MATERIAL CODING SHEET
Plant ID T , Process Unit ID '
1 2 . 1 4"
. Stream De script ion Code
GTA.L Vo
lo 0*s, 2>»/. C-,tfb , \.£6foCO^; \8/.CsHg J 5678
'/» CUH. 7.Sc/» C^\{^t ^ 3.
> 13 14 15 16
o.-is% v^v, o.is'fe o?i. /
A _A
V 21 22 23 24
0
29 30 31 32
0>\ ..
'• " 37 38 39 40
_ . > 45 46 47 48
l,r°fo CDu ./
54 55 56
61 62 63 64
3o'fo
}
-V*
3
70 71 72
77 78 79 80
A-9
-------
TABLE A-. MATERIAL CODING SHEET .
Plant ID H f Process Unit ID \
12 .34
Stream Description Code
-}
5678
f/'^ a.vO=t-e/- F«-€.«i I 3
6 o 1 ~T3~ ~T4~ "15~ "IT
\/' PlA-O p a.V^U
"21 22 "23~~ ^24~
}
V 1 S
i 29 30 31 32
L' Jo_
H^fel^ ' ' 3? 38 39 4°
j% ; _L JL
V 45 46 47 48
?^
_ _ . . 1 53 54 55 ~56~
3
-}
61 6Z 63 64
-L^ 0
69 70 - 71 72
jy/ \]) e e>^Vo.vv we,^ F~&-^-dL , 3o*/o
77 78 79 80
^J.
~i*
l#
u CO-,.
A-10
V
-------
TABLE A-^. MATERIAL CODING SHEET
Plant ID M" ,
Process Unit ID
12 .34
Stream Description Code
I
J
~ J
13 14 15
21 22 23 24
2- fo
37 38 39 40
45 46 47 48
53 54 55 56
61 62 63 64-
69 70 71 72
77 78 79 80
A-ll
-------
TABLE A-. MATERIAL CODING SHEET
Plant ID H_ , Process Unit ID ^-
12 34
Stream Description Code
\da±* 37 38 39 40
45 46 47 .48
53 54 55 56
61 62 63 64
69 70 71 72
77 78 79 80
Ar-12
V
-------
A-2
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING DATA
A-13
-------
lAHLt A-2
UF' SAMI'UlMG
CT(PHMW) CA(HPMto)
SOURCr F
in cFm
****** -M * * *
2 0.06
6- C . 0 5
7 0.0 r)
6 0 . f : 5
9 0 , 0 5
12 I1 . 0 '»
14 o . ii t;
15 0 . 0
* * * * * * *
1.80
l.fb
1.65
1.6/
1.70
1.7U
l.SO
1.50
1.30
1.32
1.35
l.f,b
l.?b
1.<«U
1.7b
T
(DLP F)
*******
67
64
»4
63
b«
66
^7
6^
fof
66
foM
75
66
62
72
#**************-****
M
*********
19.0
2.0
•i.O
135.0
lOH.O
270,0
6/.0
bOU , 0
llbu.o
2.0
14. 0
19.0
1U.O
1 0 1 0 . 0
800,0
NP1
*********
37500.0
7100.0
B650.U
imooo.u
BllUOO.O
999/30.U
2b400.0
939000 .0
99.050. U
6260. U
bl30.0
6330. U
892.0
25600.0
32900.U
******************* \j j- S»G»
M
*********
2.0
2.0
3.0
b.O
7.0
7.0
7.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
6.0
3.0
32.0
bHb.O
NM (Ml.) (MlN) (b/Mu)
********* **** ***** ******
16.0 . . .
32.0 . * *
b2.0
32.0 . . *
161.0
Ib1.0 , . .
lbl.0
29,0 . .
29.0
b6.0 . * *
66.0 . . .
HI.O
29.0
1/3. 0 70 12 U./3
1X2.0 . 9 0./3
-------
A-2
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING DATA
GULh » VLN1CL
CA(KPMW)
****** \j j s.b,
(HIM) (G/MLJ
Ul
SiHJRCF 1"
in rf'M
^ +' •+• '-^ ^ ^ i* + * ^ ^("
34 0.05
35 O.Ob
37 0.05
41 0.0 6
4 ?. 0 . il b
44. C.OG
b 1 0 . 0 b
6 b i"i . 0 o
160 0 . U 5
16? 0.1)7
1 6 6 0 . U 6
17 J 'J.C'o
173 O.Ob
1 7 5 0.06
2? 7 0 .'16
U
+ A j..
* T
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.
]
1
1
1
P
( IN HG)
«-A i •!• A: A" ^
•t- -T 4- * ^ T"
3 0 . 0 1
29.69
30.01
29.69
29.69
29.69
30.40
? 0 . 4 ('
30.4 0
3 1 1 . 4 U
30.40
30. 1C
30.40
3 (l . 4 U
J)U,01
ULLTA P T
(IN HG) (OEG F)
******* *******
1 . f ' 5 70
1.70 69
1.60 56
1.7b /5
1.65 /O
1.7/ 73
1 . 4 b 60
1.7b 60
2.20 tif,
1. 7b tjfi
1.60 63
l.fcO »f:
2.'.iU 64
1 . X b 6 7
1 . 6 b 6 0
******************* ******************* v
M NM M l\|lul (|V|_
********* ********* ********* ********* ***
4b,0 25600.0 46. 0 52.0
4.0
1U.O
66.0
504.0
120.0
56.0
1 c u . o
6.0
11.0
a.o
4.0
b.O
b.O
2^.0
114UO.U
2260. U
10400.0
49000, U
faUSO.U
308. 0
1 i 0 0 . U
2480, U
6993.0
665.0
333.0
1909.0
19]6.0
4700.0
1
2
1
1
1
56
100
4
4
4
4
4
4
lb
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
• u
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
<^2.0 .
5.0
19,0
A9.0
19.0
12,0 0
12.0 0
«i7.0
^7.0
*"/.o
*7.0
*f.n
•iy.o
s>o,o
-------
TAHLL A-2
SUMMARY UF SAMPLING L>AT/\
» VLN1CL
LT(PPMW) CA
SOuRCF f P ULL|A P T ******************* ******************* \/ T S.t>.
in CTM D (IN no (in HG) (DLP f") H w M NM
-------
TUILE: A-*
SUHMAHY UF" SAWL ING DAT A
GUU . VLN1LL
S.'HJRCf f
S.'HJRCf f I' ULLfA P T ******************* ******************* v T S»G,
HI rF>. U (III HG) (iiM IK,) (DUG F) M NM M |\|n ( ML > (MIN) (G/i"IL)
* * * * * :f + * * 4 * * * * ******* ******* *****.** ********* ********* ********* ********* **** ***** ******
bbl
bO?
b03
b06
b 1 5
o47
of)0
fcjr)6
t,96
931
93?
9 3 3
v 14
950
'..' 0 .' <
n . n 3
O.ii 5
n . o 4
0 . f l ^
0 . 0 b
n , j -o
D . U b
0.05
0.05
0 . 0 o
P . 0 L;
11.69
(1 , 06
P. CD
I! . lit,
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
30
30
3U
30
30
3D
ill
30
30
30
3J
3 0
30
30
3U
.01
.Ul
.01
.01
.Ul
.17
.17
.17
.01
.39
.40
,A9
.39
.39
.39
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
.30 64
.30 65
.30 65
.30 i>3
.30 64
.45 6?
.65 6?
. 4 b b 3
,30 64
.c<0 fj(>
.70 62
. fc 0 :i 9
.80 op
. f ! b b i
.90 hO
•*.o
4.0
4.0
19.0
5,0
3.2
A. 9
4.1
4.0
4.0
*.o
3.0
4.1)
5.0
39U.fl
2U39.0
b89.0
U77.0
y+BO.U
3145.0
2H13.U
54SOO.U
3i?64.U
2310. U
92?.. U
374.0
^23,0
12PO.U
9070. U
133200.0
4
4
4
4
b
b
3
4
4
3
2
3
3
2
2
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. 0
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"7.0
14.0
-1.4.0
14. 0
t»7.0
HO.O
o.o
HB.O
40.0
A9.0
1*3.0
-------
TAHLJ: A -2
UF SAMPLING
VLNICL
LT(PPMW) LA(PPMW)
r F p UE-LT^ ^ T ************************************** \j y
10 Cf'M 1) (I|vj HG) (Hi HG) (PEG F) M NM M IMM ( ML ) (MlN)
****** ****(: * * * ******* ******* * * * * * * * ********* **** + *#** ********* ********* **** ***** ******
97?
978
9HO
9A3
105?
] U 7 0
107?
lu91
1U9?
I 1 7fe
U79
11 '53
iia-
1236
1240
0 . 0 6
0.06
n.06
0.06
0 . 0 i,
0 . U 5
0 , U 6
n . C 5
n . o js
0 . 0 5
n.os
n.tifc
o.oo
n . o r,
0 . Ou
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
30
30
3(1
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
3 0
.39
,49
.39
.49
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.A7
.411
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2.20
2.3"
2.30
2.30
2.20
i.rtS
1 .65
2.25
2.15
1.40
1.55
1.50
1.35
2,00
1.45
63
b?
6?
60
61
-------
T/UJLt A-2
SUMMARY UF SAMPLING DATA
GULI- »
l-T(PPMW) CA(HPMW)
f" P Umj-A P T ******************* ******************* y/ -r s»k.
10 CFM U (IN HG) (IN Hu)
-------
TABLt A-i>
SUMMARY UF SAMPLING
in
r p
cf M o (IN HGJ UN HG>
+ *+* * * * * * * * * t * ***f* + *
S»G«
CA(PPMW)
T ******************* ******************* y/ y
F) M NM . M '. NM (MD (MINI
** ********* fc******** ***^****:* ********* **** ***** ******
NJ
O
n.Ut, 1 ^O.Ul 1.00 t>3
0.05 i 30,'Ji 1.20 6?
0.05 1 40. UU 1.30 59
O.Oo 1 .^O.UO 1.30 SO
2/.0
13/.0
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bbsn.u
1*^12. U
6B.O
6.0
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xu.o
J.B.O
-------
A-3
SUMMARY OF QA/QC DATA
A-21
-------
TABLE A-3.2. OVA RESPONSE TIME DETERMINATION
Instrument ID
Century Systems OVA-108
Serial Number: 2158
Calibration Gas Concentration
7990 ppmv
1-9-81
90S Response Time:
Without Dilution Probe
1.
2.
3.
5.8
7.0
5.5
Seconds
Seconds
Seconds
With Dilution Probe
7.1 Seconds.
9.5 Seconds
7.0 Seconds
Mean Response Time 6.1
Seconds
7.8 Seconds
A-22
-------
TABLE A-3.1. OVA CALIBRATION ERROR DETERMINATION
Instrument ID
Centura Sv^r?"^ ovi-7nfl
Serial Number: 2158
Run
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
a.
9.
Mean Difference
Calibration Gas Data
Calibration a "990 ppnv
Instrument Meter
Reading, ppm
8000
8200
3000
8000
8000
8400
8100
8500
8200
Calibration Error » Mean Difference^ ' _ ,nn
^Calibration
Calibration Gas Concentration " """
Gas Concentration - Instrument Reading
Difference^1*
ppm
-10
-210
-10
-10
-10
.-410
-110
-510
. -210
-166
-2.1
A-23
-------
TABLE 7-1
CALIBRATION CHECKING FOBM
fl
1
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j/£^ppm calibration
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1 1 l^l^|0
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-------
T
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TABLE 7-2
AT SCREENING FORM
I 1i.5l3
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-------
1 TAiiLE 7-2
j? SCREENING FORM
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22 •'!
•I. M
25 r.; •-< *
11
32
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-------
1 TABLE 7-2
tfiiAT SCREENING FORM
Ni
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' 'i'AiiLIL 7-2
REPEAT SCREENING FORM
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