United States environinenta' Protection Agency Office or Air Quality Planning a,ia Standards Research Triangle pi.rK NC 27711 EMB Report 85-CHM-5 June 1985 Aii Chromium Screening Study Test Report Sewage Sludge incinerator No. 13 Detroit Water And Sewer Department Detroit, Michigan ------- EMISSION TEST REPORT METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING FOR CHROMIUM SEWAGE SLUDGE INCINERATOR NO. 13 Detroit Water and Sewer Department Detroit, Michigan ESED Project No. 85/2 by PEI Associates, Inc. 11499 Chester Road P.O. Box 46100 Cincinnati, Ohio 45246-0100 Contract No. 68-02-3849 Work Assignment Nos. 18 and 22 PN 3615-18 PN 3615-22 Task Manager Mr. Frank Clay Emission Standards and Engineering Division U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EMISSION MEASUREMENT BRANCH RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711 August 1986 ------- DISCLAIMER This report was furnished to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Measurement Branch, by PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-3849, Work Assignment Nos. 18 and 22. Its contents are reproduced herein as received from PEI. The opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the EPA. Mention of company or product names does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use. n ------- CONTENTS Figures iv Tables v Quality Assurance Element Finder vii Acknowledgment viii 1. Introduction 1-1 2. Summary and Discussion of Test Results 2-1 2.1 Test protocol 2-1 2.2 Particulate and hexavalent chromium emissions summary 2-4 2.3 Particle size distribution test results 2-11 2.4 Process sample analytical results 2-18 2.5 Total chromium and metals analytical results 2-18 2.6 Visible emission observations 2-26 3. Project Quality Assurance 3-1 4. Sample Locations and Test Procedures 4-1 4.1 Sampling Locations 4-1 4.2 Particulate and hexavalent chromium sample.extraction and analysis 4-4 4.3 Particle size distribution 4-8 4.4 Process samples 4-10 5. Process Operation 5-1 5.1 Process description 5-1 5.2 Process conditions during testing 5-2 5.3 Conclusions 5-13 Appendices A. Computer Printouts A-l B. Field Data Sheets 6-1 C. Laboratory Data C-l D. Sampling and Analytical Procedures D-l E. Calibration Procedures and Results E-l F. Project Participants and Field Log F-l G. Draft Test Method for Hexavalent Chromium Emissions From Stationary Sources G-l H. Draft Protocol for Determination of Total Chromium Emissions from Stationary Sources H-l I. Process Data 1-1 iii ------- FIGURES Number Page 2-1 Particle Size Distribution for Scrubber Inlet Runs PSI-1, 2, and 4 2-14 2-2 Particle Size Distribution for Scrubber Outlet Runs PSO-1 through 4 2-15 4-1 No. 13 Incinerator Inlet Sample Location 4-2 4-2 No. 13 Incinerator Scrubber Outlet Test Location 4-3 5-1 No. 13 Incinerator Exhaust Gas Flow Schematic 5-2 iv ------- TABLES Number Page 2-1 Sample and Analytical Parameters, Sludge Incinerator No. 13 - Detroit Water and Sewage Department 2-2 2-2 Process Sample and Analytical Parameters 2-3 2-3 Summary of Sample and Flue Gas Data for Particulate/Cr Tests 2-6 2-4 Summary of Particulate and Hexavalent Chromium Emission Data 2-7 2-5 Summary of Emissions Data for Particulate, Cr , and Semivolatile Organic Tests 2-8 2-6 Comparison of Particulate Concentrations as Measured by EPA Method 5 Versus Particle Size Distribution Impactors 2-16 2-7 Cr+6 Results of Process Sample Analyses 2-19 2-8 Process Sample Analytical Results - Volatile, Fixed, and Total Solids 2-20 2-9 Summary of Total Cr Emission Data 2-22 2-10 Summary of Total Chromium Data From Process Samples 2-23 2-11 Summary of Metals Analytical Data 2-24 3-1 Field Equipment Calibration 3-3 3-2 Sample Filter and Reagent Blank Analysis for Particulate 3-4 3-3 Linear Regression Data for Spectrophotometer Calibration 3-5 3-4 Results of QC Samples 3-6 3-5 QC Data for Total Chromium by NAA 3-6 5-1 Process Data From Run No. l--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 18, 1985 5-3 ------- TABLES (continued) Number Page 5-2 Process Data From Run No. 2--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 19, 1985 5-4 5-3 Process Data From Run No. 3--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 20, 1985 5-6 5-4 Process Data From Run No. 4--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 21, 1985 5-7 5-5 Process Data From Run No. 5--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 22, 1985 5-8 5-6 Process Data From Run No. 6--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 24, 1985 5-9 5-7 Process Data From Run No. 7--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 25, 1985 5-10 5-8 Process Data From Run No. 8--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 26, 1985 5-11 5-9 Process Data From Run No. 9--Incinerator No. 13, Detroit, Michigan, June 27, 1985 5-12 VI ------- QUALITY ASSURANCE ELEMENT FINDER (1) Title page (2) Table of contents (3) Project description (4) QA objective for measurement of data in terms of precision, accuracy, completeness, repre- sentativeness, and comparability (5) Sampling procedures (6) Sample custody (7) Calibration procedures and frequency (8) Analytical procedures (9) Data reduction, validation, and reporting (10) Internal quality control checks and frequency (11) Performance and system audits and frequency (12) Preventive maintenance procedures and schedules (13) Specific routine procedures used ot assess data precision, accuracy, and completeness of specific measurement parameters involved (14) Corrective action (15) Quality assurance reports to management Location Section Page m 1 1-1 Section 3 3-1 Appendix D Section 4 Appendix E Section 3 Appendix D Section 4 Appendix A Section 3 Section 3 Section 3 Not applicable Section 3 Appendix E Section 3 Appendix E Not applicable D-l 4-1 Appendix C C-l E-l 3-1 D-l 4-1 A-l 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 E-l 3-1 E-l vn ------- ACKNOWLEDGMENT This test program was conducted for the Emission Standards and Engineer- ing Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Mr. Frank Clay, Emission Measurement Branch Task Manager, provided overall project coordination and guidance and observed the test program. Mr. Ron Myers, Industrial Studies Branch project engineer, and Mr. Dwight Atkin- son of Midwest Research Institute (an EPA contractor) monitored process operation throughout the test period. Mr. Charles Bruffey was the PEI Proj- ect Manager. Principal authors were Messrs. Charles Bruffey, Daniel Scheffel, and Thomas Wagner. vm ------- SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently evaluating several potentially toxic metals and their compounds. One of these toxic metals is chromium. Neither New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for stationary sources nor National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollu- tants (NESHAPS) currently include chromium emissions. Available data on the emission of chromium and its impact on air quality are limited. The Emission Measurement Branch (EMB) of EPA's Environmental Standards and Engineering Division (ESED) requires contractor assistance in obtaining representative chromium emissions data from several source categories so that an accurate assessment of the potential problems can be made and appropriate regulatory action can be developed. PEI Associates, Inc. (under contract to ESED-EMB), performed a series of atmospheric emission tests on a multiple-hearth sludge incinerator operated by the Detroit Water and Sewer Department in Detroit, Michigan. All testing took place June 18 through 27, 1985. Tests were conducted simultaneously at the inlet and outlet of an im- pingement scrubber to determine the concentration and mass emission rates of particulate matter; chromium [hexavalent chromium (Cr ) and total chromium (Cr)j; and other metals of interest, including cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc, nickel, manganese, vanadium, and selenium. The EPA performed the total 1-1 ------- chromium and other metal analyses of collected samples by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Particle size distribution measurements were also made; and process samples, including sludge feed, incinerator bottom ash, and scrubber water influent and effluent water, were collected each test day. Project objectives were met and no major problems were encountered during the test project. Section 2 presents a summary and discussion of the test results, Section 3 addresses quality assurance considerations specific to this project, Sec- tion 4 describes the sampling locations and test procedures, and Section 5 describes source operation. Appendix A presents sample calculations and computer printouts; Appendices B and C contain the field data sheets and laboratory analytical results, respectively; Appendix D details the sampling and analytical procedures; Appendix E summarizes equipment calibration pro- cedures and results; Appendix F contains a list of project participants and a sampling log; Appendix G describes the draft test method for hexavalent chromium from stationary sources; and Appendix H presents the draft protocol for determining total chromium emission from stationary sources. 1-2 ------- SECTION 2 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS This section details the results of the sampling program. Subsections are used to identify results from each test type (i.e., particulate/Cr , particle size distribution, etc.), and results are expressed in both metric and English units where applicable. 2.1 TEST PROTOCOL Table 2-1 presents the sampling and analytical protocol followed throughout this project, the test identification, and the sampling times for each specific test type. Table 2-2 summarizes the analytical protocol fol- lowed for process samples collected during the test series. In summary, tests were conducted to characterize uncontrolled and con- trolled particulate, Cr , and chromium emissions from this type of source. Procedures detailed in EPA Test Methods 1 through 5* were followed. Hexava- lent chromium content was determined by procedures recently developed by EPA for determination of Cr content in source emission samples. These latter procedures entail extraction of the sample fractions (probe residue and fil- ter particulate) with an alkaline solution, followed by the diphenylcarbazide colorimetric method.** Particle size distribution measurements were made at each site during the particulate/Cr tests with an Andersen in-stack impactor. Four samples 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, EPA Reference Methods 1 through 5, July 1984. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. U.S. EPA SW-846, 2nd ed., July 1982. 2-1 ------- TABLE 2-1. SAMPLE AND ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS, SLUDGE INCINERATOR NO. 13 - DETROIT WATER AND SEWAGE DEPARTMENT Run No. PCO-1 PCI-3 PCO-3 PCI-4 PCO-4 PCI-5 PCO-5 PCI-6 PCO-6 PCIO-1 PCOO-1 PCIO-2 PCOO-2 Sample parameters Date (1985) and time (24 h) 6/18-1131-1745 6/20-0845-1533 6/20-0845-1452 6/21-0830-1517 6/21-0830-1438 6/22-0830-1515 6/22-0830-1440 6/24-0915-1904 6/24-0916-1849 6/25-0910-1210 6/25-0911-1211 6/25-1350-1650 6/25-1350-1650 Location9 No. 13 incinerator Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet EPA Methods 1 through 5 X X X X X X X X X X X X X Particle size distribution X X X X X X X X X - _ Analytical parameters Method 5 Particulate Cr 6, total Cr, and other metals by NAA X X X X X X X X X X X X X Particle size Gravimetric, Cr 6, total Cr by NAA X X X X - - - _ ro i ro All testing was performed on the No. 13 incinerator. Nine of the 13 Method 5 tests were conducted isokinetically by using cross-sectional traverse sampling techniques. In the remaining six tests, single-point isokinetic sampling techniques were used with an XAD-2 resin trap behind the sample filter. The front half (probe rinse and filter) was analyzed for particulate and CR 6. ------- TABLE 2-2. PROCESS SAMPLE AND ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS Sample type 1) Dewatered sludge samples 2) Incinerator bottom ash 3) Scrubber water influent 4) Scrubber water effluent c/6 - X X X Total Cr and other metals by NAA X X X X Volatile3 residue X - X X Fixed5 residue X - X X Total0 residue X - X X Volatile residue: Method 160.4. Fixed residue: Method 160.1. c Total residue: Method 160.3. 2-3 ------- were collected at the scrubber inlet and five were collected at the scrubber outlet. Particle size fractions were analyzed gravimetrically, and size distribution curves were developed for each site. As shown in Table 2-1, a total of 13 tests were conducted to determine particulate, Cr , and total Cr content. In nine of these tests, the cross- sectional area of the ducts was traversed by isokinetic sampling techniques. The remaining four tests were conducted isokinetically at a point of average velocity and temperature in the duct. These runs were designed to determine particulate, Cr , and total Cr from the front half of the sampling train and semivolatile organic content from the back-half of the train using a water- cooled XAD-2 resin trap placed prior to the first impinger. These data are not presented in this test report. Process samples, including sludge feed, incinerator bottom ash, and scrubber water influent and effluent, were collected over an 8-hour period each test day and analyzed as shown in Table 2-2. r 2.2 PARTICULATE AND HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS SUMMARY Simultaneous Method 5 tests were conducted at the scrubber inlet and outlet test locations. Tests designated PCI (inlet) and PCO (outlet) were conducted by cross-sectional traverse sampling techniques. The outlet sam- pling train for these runs was a standard Method 5 train with five impingers. The inlet train consisted of an in-stack glass fiber thimble and heated stainless steel probe, followed by a backup filter heated to 121°C (250°F) and a series of five impingers. The thimble and backup filter catch and the probe rinse residue were used to determine particulate concentration. This sampling configuration was used to preclude breakage of glass probe liners and to account for the heavy particulate loading and high flue gas tempera- tures encountered at this site. Tests PCI 1 and 2 were voided because of 2-4 ------- cracked glass liners, and outlet Test PCO 2 was voided because of an exces- sive post-test leak rate. Tests designated PCIO (inlet) and PCOO (outlet) were conducted simulta- neously at a single point representing the average velocity and temperature in the duct(s). These runs were designed to measure particulate and Cr concentration in the front half of the sample train. An XAD-2 resin absorb- ent trap was placed between the Method 5 filter and the first impinger to determine back-half semivolatile organic content. As stated previously, the organics data from these tests are not reported here; a separate test report detailing results of the organics tests is currently being prepared. Tables 2-3 through 2-5 summarize the sample and flue gas data for the +fi particulate/Cr and semivolatile organic tests and present the particulate and Cr emissions data for these runs. o Volumetric flow rates are expressed in cubic meters per minute (m /min) and actual cubic feet per minute (acfm) at stack conditions. Flow rates corrected to standard conditions [20°C and 760 mmHg (68°F and 29.92 in.Hg) and zero percent moisture] are expressed as dry normal cubic meters per 2 minute (dNm /min) and dry standard cubic feet per minute (dscfm). Filterable particulate concentrations are expressed in milligrams per dry normal cubic meter and grains per dry standard cubic foot. 0Hexavalent chromium concentrations are expressed in micrograms per gram and micrograms per dry normal cubic meter, where applicable. Mass emission rates are re- ported in kilograms per hour and pounds per hour. As reported in Tables 2-3 and 2-5, sample volumes were consistent, depending on the sample type. Sample volumes for the traverse inlet runs (PCI) ranged from 2.63 to 3.77 dNm , and those for the corresponding outlet o runs (PCO), from 5.42 to 6.15 dNm . Generally, the inlet sampling rates were 2-5 ------- TABLE 2-3. SUMMARY OF SAMPLE AND FLUE GAS DATA FOR PARTICULATE/Cr+6 TESTS IV) I CT> Run No. PCI-ld PCO-1 PCO-26 PCI-3 PCO-3 PC I -4 PCO-4 PCI-5 PCO-5 PC I -6 PCO-6 Date (1985) 6/18 6/18 6/19 6/19 6/20 6/20 6/21 6/21 6/22 6/22 6/24 6/24 Sampling duration, mln 360 - 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 Inlet average (PCI) Outlet average (PCO) Sample volume dNm3 5.87 - 2.63 6.15 3.77 5.71 3.27 5.42 3.27 6.11 3.24 5.85 dscf 207.37 - 93.06 217.25 133.20 201.72 115.52 191.55 115.38 215.83 114.29 206.74 Isokinetic sampling rate, % 95 - 91.6 95.4 108.5 92.6 95.2 90.9 90.4 96.1 96.4 94.0 Volumetric flow rate Actual m3/min 1475 - 3486 1376 3256 1339 3166 1453 2951 1337 3215 1396 acfm 52.100 - 123,100 48,600 115,000 47,300 111.800 51.300 104.200 47,200 113,500 49,300 Standard3 dNm3 1294 - 988 1205 892 1147 881 1249 926 1158 922 1211 dscfm 45,700 - 34.900 42.550 31,500 40.500 31,100 44,100 32,700 40.900 32.600 42,750 Temperature °C 32 - 482 33 491 35 496 34 484 36 488 34 °F 89 - 900 92 916 95 925 94 903 96 911 93 Moisture content. 4.54 - 26.40 5.27 27.52 5.81 25.64 5.55 17.98 5.38 24.39 5.30 Composi- tion." * °2 16.0 - 13.0 13.4 12.95 14.8 13.0 14.8 12.55 16.1 12.9 15.0 CO, 3.4 - 4.8 4.6 5.25 3.6 4.9 3.6 5.5 2.2 5.1 3.5 Gas velocity m/s 17.3 - 8.9 16.1 8.3 15.7 8.1 17.0 7.5 15.6 8.2 16.3 ft/s 56.7 - 29.3 52.8 27.4 51.4 26.6 55.8 24.8 51.3 27.0 53.6 Standard conditions: 20°C (68°F), 760 mm (29.94 in.Hg) and zero percent moisture. Gas composition as determined from integrated bag samples during each test. Analysis performed with an Orsat gas analyzer. c Measured flue gas velocity In meters per second and feet per second. Invalid test due to cracked probe liner. e Invalid test due to excessive leakage rate. ------- TABLE 2-4. SUMMARY OF PARTICULATE AND HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSION DATA Run No. PCO-1 PCI-3 PCO-3 PC I -4 PCO-4 PC I -5 PCO-5 PC I -6 PCO-6 Date (1985) 6/18 6/20 6/20 6/21 6/21 6/22 6/22 6/24 6/24 Total filterable weight, mg 138.6 4242.7 114.1 6345.1 133.4 5719.2 78.1 6047.4 93.3 Filterable concentration3 Participate mg/dNm3 23.6 1613 18.5 1683 23.3 1749 14.4 1849 15.2 gr/dscf 0.0103 0.7035 0.0081 0.7350 0.0102 0.7639 0.0063 0.8087 0.0067 Cr* (blank corrected) ng/g NAC <0.1 NA <0.1 NA <0.1 NA <0.1 NA Total Cr 6 in sample, yg - <0.4 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 Mass emission rate Particulate kg/h 1.8 95.5 1.4 89.9 1.6 92.4 1.1 102.9 1.0 Ib/h 4.0 210.6 3.0 198.2 3.5 203.7 2.4 226.8 2.3 Cr+6 kg/h - - - - - Ib/h - - - . - Collection. efficiency, % Particulate - 98.8 98.6 99.2 99.2 Cr+6 - - - - - aStandard conditions: 20°C (68°F), 760 mm (29.92 in.Hg) and zero percent moisture. Collection efficiency: concentration x 100. CNA = Not analyzed. A detection limit of 0.1 yg/g was established for the inlet samples based on a particulate weight of 5 grams and a total volume of 50 ml. ------- TABLE 2-5. SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS DATA FOR PARTICIPATE, Cr+6, AND SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC TESTS Run No. PCIO-10 PCOO-1C PCIO-2": PCOO-2C Date (1985) 6/25 6/25 6/25 6/25 Sampling duration, min 180 180 180 180 Sample volume dNm3 1.73 2.44 1.82 2.38 'dscf 61.17 86.03 64.25 83.92 Isoklnetic sampling rate, % 100.8 98.9 102.8 100.3 Volumetric flow rate8 Actual m3/min 3226 1195 3155 1147 acfm 113.900 42,200 111,400 40,500 Standard dNmVmln 881 1031 906 991 dscfm 31,100 36.400 32.000 35,000 Temper- ature °C 497 36 466 36 UY 926 96 870 96 Moisture content. I 27.6 5.6 26.7 5.6 Compo-. sition. oz 11.8 15.1 12.25 15.1 CO, 5.9 4.9 5.7! 4.8 Total X filterable weight, mg 3145.7 51.1 3602.5 55.3 Filterable particulate data Particulate concentration mg/dNm3 1818 20.9 1979 23.2 gr/dscf 0.80 0.009 0.86 0.01 Mass emis- sion rate kg/h 96 1.3 108 1.4 Ib/h 212 2.9 238 3.1 Cr u concentra- tion, ug/g <0.1 - <0.1 ~ ro i oo Standard conditions: 20°C (68°F), 760 mmHg (29.94 1n.Hg) and zero percent moisture. Gas composition as determined from Integrated bag samples collected during each test. Analysis performed with an Orsat gas analyzer. Single-point, isokinetic sampling techniques were used for these runs. The front half of the sampling train (probe rinse, sample filter) was analyzed gravimetrically for particulate matter. The back half of the sampling train (XAD-2 resin and H20) was analyzed by GC/MS for semivolatile organics. ------- kept lower'than those at the outlet to prevent the filter from plugging during a 6-hour test run. Sampling times for the PCI and PCO tests were 360 minutes. Isokinetic sampling rates ranged between 90.4 and 108.5 percent, which are within the acceptable range of 90 to 110 percent. Sample volumes for the particulate/Cr and semivolatile organic tests (PCIO and PCOO, Table 2-5) were consistent with sampling times of 180 min- utes. For the traverse tests (PCI), volumetric gas flow rates at the scrubber 3 inlet ranged from 2951 to 3486 m /min (104,200 to 123,100 acfm) and averaged 3215 m /min (113,500 acfm). The average volumetric flow at standard condi- o tions was 922 dNm /min (32,600 dscfm). Flue gas temperatures ranged from 482° to 496°C (900° to 925°F) and averaged 488°C (911°F). The moisture content of the gas stream averaged 24.4 percent, and the average oxygen (0-) and carbon dioxide (C02) contents were 12.9 and 5.1 percent, respectively. The inlet static pressure averaged about -1.1 in.hLO. As shown in Table 2-4, inlet particulate concentrations ranged from 1613 to 1849 mg/dNm3 (0.7 to 0.8 gr/dscf) and averaged 1723 mg/dNm3 (0.75 gr/dscf). The average mass emission rate for the four tests was 95.2 kg/h (210 Ib/h). The inlet hexavalent chromium concentration was less than 0.1 yg/g, which was determined to be the analytical detection limit for these samples. The total quantity of Cr per sample was less than 0.6 yg. At the scrubber outlet, volumetric gas flow rates ranged from 1337 to 3 3 1475 m /min (47,200 to 52,100 acfm) and averaged 1396 m /min (49,300 acfm) for the five tests. The average gas flow rate at standard conditions was 1211 dNm /min (42,750 dscfm). Flue gas temperatures ranged from 32° to 36°C (89° to 96°F) and averaged 34°C (93°F). The moisture content of the gas 2-9 ------- stream averaged 5.3 percent, and the average (L and CO,, contents were 15.0 and 3.5 percent, respectively. Because the gas stream appeared saturated, two moisture determinations were made: the first involved calculations based on the water collected in the sampling trains and the second involved psy- chrometric calculations. In each case, the lower value was used as the correct moisture content according to procedures described in EPA Reference Method 4.* The outlet static pressure averaged about -11.8 in.H^O during the test period. 3 Outlet particulate concentrations ranged between 14.4 and 23.6 mg/dNm (0.006 and 0.01 gr/dscf) and averaged 19 mg/dNm (0.008 gr/dscf). The aver- age mass emission rate for the tests was 1.4 kg/h (3.0 Ib/h). Based on the inlet Cr analytical results, no attempt was made to analyze the outlet samples for Cr . The particulate removal efficiency of the scrubber averaged greater than 98 percent based on the test results. As presented in Table 2-5, flue gas and particulate emissions data obtained from the single-point Modified Method 5 tests compare favorably with the average results from the traverse test trains. Inlet flow rates averaged 3201 m3/min (113,000 acfm) and 894 dNm3 (31,600 dscfm) when corrected to standard conditions. Particulate concen- trations for Tests PCIO-1 and PCIO-2 were 1818 and 1979 mg/dNm3 (0.8 and 0.86 gr/dscf), respectively. Outlet flow rates averaged 1154 m /min (40,800 acfm) 3 and 997 dNm (35,200 dscfm) when corrected to standard conditions. Particu- late concentrations for Tests PCOO-1 and PCOO-2 were 20.9 and 23.2 mg/dNm (0.009 and 0.01 gr/dscf), respectively. Hexavalent chromium content of the inlet samples was less than 0.1 pg/g. 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 4, July 1984. 2-10 ------- The particulate removal efficiency of the scrubber was greater than 98 percent for these tests. The overall comparability of the traverse and single-point test data indicates particulate stratification and/or variable gas flow patterns were not significant; thus, test results are considered to be representative of actual source conditions at the time of testing. An analysis of the hexavalent chromium content of an inlet ash sample obtained during the February 1985 pretest survey indicated Cr levels at or below the analytical detection limit for solid samples (0.1 yg/g). Because the concentration of hexavalent chromium in these solid samples was extremely low, the amount of alkaline extraction solution and the final dilution volume of this extract were kept at a minimum consistent with Method 3060 from Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste.* This proportion is 4 ml of alkaline extraction solution per gram of solid diluted to a final volume of 10 ml. Therefore, solid samples are desirable at these levels because the sample filter and blank-correct do not have to be cut for background Cr levels. Filters and/or thimbles require larger amounts of extraction solu- tion to cover the volume of material being extracted. This physical require- ment increases the analytical detection limit. Loose particulate collected in the in-stack thimble and probe residue particulate were combined for the Cr analysis of individual inlet samples. 2.3 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION TEST RESULTS At the scrubber inlet, an Andersen HGLI with a 15-ym precutter attached was used to measure particle size distribution during each particulate/Cr test. This in-stack impactor consists of two single-jet impaction chambers followed by a third-stage cyclone and a backup thimble. The impactor is U.S. EPA SW846, 2nd ed., July 1982. 2-11 ------- designed for extracting samples from a gas stream with a heavy participate concentration, and its use was advantageous in this case because it contains no filter media (except the backup thimble). This eliminates the need for filter blank corrections for Cr or other metals and permits a more accurate quantification of size distribution. A total of four inlet samples (designated PSI) were collected during 90- to 120-minute periods at a single point repre- senting the average gas velocity and temperature in the duct. At the ESP outlet, an Andersen Mark III in-stack impactor was used to measure size distribution during the particulate/Cr tests. The Mark III impactor consists of eight stages and a backup filter, from which eight cut- point sizes can be determined. Five samples (designated PSO) were collected from a single point repre- senting the average velocity head and temperature in the duct. Sampling times ranged from 20 to 60 minutes. Each particle size test was conducted according to the procedures de- scribed in the impactor operations manuals. Isokinetic sampling rates were set initially, and constant cut-point characteristics were maintained through- out the sampling period. Specifications state that the gas flow rate through the impactor at stack conditions should be maintained between 0.3 and 0.7 acfm to avoid distortion of individual stage cut-points. This criterion was met for reported results. Isokinetic sample rates ranged from 106 to 145 percent for the inlet tests and 101 to 103 percent for the outlet tests. Tests PSI-3 and PSO-5 were not included in the plotting of size distribution curves. Both of these samples exhibited large distortions in the amount of particulate collected compared with the other tests. Cumulative size distribution curves representing the total weight of particulate matter smaller than the indicated aerodynamic particle diameter 2-12 ------- [in micrometers (ym)] were established for each test location. Data reduc- tions for all runs were performed by computer programming with moisture, molecular weight, and temperature data obtained from the particulate/Cr tests. The cut-points for the HGLI tests were determined graphically from information supplied by the manufacturer, and all particle size results are 3 based on a particle density of 1 g/cm . The HGLI data reduction and interme- diate calculations are presented in Appendix A of this report. Cut-points for the Mark III impactor stages were calculated by use of a computer program contained in "A Computer-Based Cascade Impactor Data Reduc- tion System" (CIDRS) developed for EPA by Southern Research Institute (SRI).* 3 All particle size results are based on a particle density of 1 g/cm . Figures 2-1 and 2-2 present the best-fit nominal curves for the inlet and outlet particle size distribution tests. Table 2-6 presents a comparison of particulate concentrations obtained from the particle size tests with those obtained by Method 5 tests. For the three inlet runs (PSI-1, -2, and -4), the size distribution curve showed that about 50 percent by weight of the particles had a nominal diameter of 10 micrometers or less. The calculated average particulate concentration for these runs was 394 mg/dNm (0.2 gr/dscf) compared with the corresponding two-test Method 5 average of 1681 mg/dNm (0.75 gr/dscf). This indicates a significant difference in average values between the two mea- surements. The percentage difference between the methods is unacceptable it Southern Research Institute. A Computer-Based Cascade Impactor Data Reduc- tion System. Prepared for U.S. EPA under Contract No. 68-022-131, March 1978. 2-13 ------- ro i PSI-1 • PSI-2 A g psi-4 • is 1111 .iiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiivniiiiiiniii.iiiiniiiuiii.il 10.0 PARTICLE SIZE, micrometers 100 Figure 2-1. Particle size distribution for scrubber inlet Runs PSI-1, 2, and 4. ------- IV) I 1.0 10.0 PARTICLE SIZE, micrometers Figure 2-2. Particle size distribution for scrubber outlet Runs PSO-1 through 4. ------- TABLE 2-6. COMPARISON OF PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS AS MEASURED BY EPA METHOD 5 VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION IMPACTORS Run No. PSI-1 PCI-1 PSI-2 PCI-3 PSI-4 PCI-5 PSO-1 PCO-1 PSO-2 PCO-2 PSO-3 PCO-3 PSO-4 PCO-4 Test location Scrubber inlet Scrubber outlet Sample type Particle size - HGLI Method 5 - Parti cul ate Particle size - HGLI Method 5 - Parti cul ate Particle size - HGLI Method 5 - Particulate Particle size - Mark III Method 5 - Particulate Particle size - Mark III Method 5 - Particulate Particle size - Mark III Method 5 - Particulate Particle size Method 5 - Particulate Particulate concentration mg/dNm3 426 302 1613 454 1749 41.1 23.6 62.3 38.9 18.5 28.9 23.3 gr/dscf 0.2 0.13 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.018 0.010 0.027 0.017 0.008 0.013 0.01 2-16 ------- according to the applicable criterion in the Inhalable Particulate (IP) protocol.* This protocol states that a comparison of the total mass concen- trations between particle size and Method 5 sample runs should not differ from the means by more than 50 percent. Thus, the representativeness of the inlet particle size data is questionable. The HGLI Stages 1, 2, and 3 cut-points for Test PSI-1 were 13.0, 6.8, and 3.0 ym, respectively. Sixty-five percent of the particles were less than 13.0 ym, 51 percent were less than 6.8 ym, and 22 percent were less than 3.0 ym. The stage cut-points for Test PSI-2 were 13.0, 6.8, and 3.1 ym, respectively. Fifty-seven percent of the particles were less than 13.0 ym, 45 percent were less than 6.8 ym, and 16 percent were less than 3.1 ym. The stage cut-points for Test PSI-4 were 14.3 ym, 7.5 ym, and 3.3 ym, respec- tively. Fifty-one percent of the particles were less than 14.3 ym, 34 per- cent were less than 7.5 ym, and 18 percent less than 3.3 ym. The size distribution curve for the four outlet tests (PSO-1 through PSO-4) showed about 70 to 85 percent by weight of the particles had a nominal diameter of 9 ym or less. Between 60 and 80 percent of the particles were less than 2 ym. The average calculated mass concentration for these runs was o 42.8 mg/dNm (0.019 gr/dscf) compared with the corresponding Method 5 average o of 22 mg/dNm (0.01 gr/dscf). A comparison of outlet mass load results as measured by the impactor and Method 5 train is difficult due to the low particulate concentration at this source. Generally, the particle size data appear representative of source conditions at the time of testing. Based on the nondetectable levels of Cr at this source, no attempt was made to quantify Cr by size fraction. * Procedures Manual for Inhalable Particulate Samplers Operation, prepared by Southern Research Institute for EPA, Contract No. 68-02-3118, November 1979. 2-17 ------- 2.4 PROCESS SAMPLE ANALYTICAL RESULTS Table 2-7 summarizes Cr results of analyses of incinerator bottom ash and scrubber water samples collected during each test day. No attempt was made to quantify Cr in the sludge feed because of the levels of organic material present. Previous attempts to analyze this type of sample resulted in a highly discolored extract solution, which made a colorimetric determina- tion of Cr levels impossible. The Cr content of the bottom ash samples was less than 0.1 yg/g, which is the analytical detection limit of these samples. Scrubber water influent and effluent samples showed similar levels of less than 0.004 milligram per liter (mg/liter). These data correspond to inlet Cr emission results. Table 2-8 summarizes additional analyses performed on process samples collected during the test period. EPA Methods 160.1, 160.3, and 160.4 were used to determine the volatile, fixed, and total solids content of the pro- cess samples.* Analytical results for the solid (sludge) samples are in percent while scrubber water results are expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/liter). 2.5 TOTAL CHROMIUM AND METALS ANALYTICAL RESULTS Tables 2-9 through 2-11 summarize results for neutron activation analy- ses of select emission samples and process samples. All analytical results are reported as received from EPA. In summary, NAA is an analytical technique dependent on the measurement of the number and energy of gamma and X-rays emitted by the radioactive isotopes produced in the sample matrix by irradiation with thermal neutrons Methods of Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA 600-4-79-020, 3rd Edition, March 1979. 2-18 ------- TABLE 2-7. Cr+6 RESULTS OF PROCESS SAMPLE ANALYSES Sample type and collection date Bottom ash-6/18 Bottom ash-6/19 Bottom ash-6/20 Bottom ash-6/21 Bottom ash-6/22 Bottom ash-6/24 Bottom ash-6/25 Bottom ash-6/26 Scrubber influent-6/18 Scrubber influent-6/19 Scrubber influent-6/20 Scrubber influent-6/21 Scrubber influent-6/22 Scrubber influent-6/24 Scrubber effluent-6/18 Scrubber effluent-6/19 Scrubber effluent-6/20 Scrubber effluent-6/21 Scrubber effluent-6/22 Scrubber effluent-6/24 Laboratory I.D. EQ293 EQ294 EQ295 EQ296 EQ297 EQ298 EQ299 EQ300 EQ302 EQ303 EQ304 EQ305 EQ306 EQ307 EQ310 EQ311 EQ312 EQ313 EQ314 EQ315 Particulate weight analyzed, g 10.1785 10.0389 10.3115 10.1121 10.1709 10.3108 10.4120 10.0008 Total Cr+6 in sample, yg <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Cr+6 concentra- tion <0.1 yg/g <0.1 yg/g <0.1 yg/g <0.1 yg/g <0.1 yg/g <0.1 yg/g <0.1 yg/g <0.1 yg/g <0.004 mg/£ <0.004 mg/£ O.004 mg/£ <0.004 mg/i <0.004 mg/Jl <0.004 mg/£ <0.004 mg/l <0.004 mg/£ <0.004 mg/£ <0.004 mg/£ <0.004 mg/£ <0.004 mg/£ NA - Not Applicable 2-19 ------- TABLE 2-8. PROCESS SAMPLE ANALYTICAL RESULTS - VOLATILE, FIXED, AND TOTAL SOLIDS Sample type Sludged Sludged Sludged Sludged Sludged Sludge Sludge Sludge Sludge Date (1985) 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 6/25 6/26 6/27 Volatile3 solids, % 54.1 54.5 55.9 55.4 55.9 56.3 55.6 56.5 56.7 56.6 55.6 56.0 57.6 57.6 60.0 53.2 53.6 53.1 57.0 57.6 Fixed solids, % 45.9 45.5 44.1 44.6 44.1 43.7 44.4 43.5 43.3 43.4 44.4 44.0 42.4 42.2 40.0 46.8 46.4 46.9 43.0 42.4 Total0 solids, % 24.1 27.5 21.1 20.5 20.4 21.0 17.6 20.9 20.7 20.2 18.5 19.4 19.3 18.2 19.2 23.7 22.3 20.2 19.7 19.5 EPA Method 160.1 EPA Method 160.3 EPA Method 160.4 Three 2-hour composites were collected over a 6-hour test period. analyzed separately. Each was (continued) 2-20 ------- TABLE 2-8 (continued) Sample type Scrubber-influent Scrubber-influent Scrubber-influent Scrubber-influent Scrubber-influent Scrubber-influent Scrubber-effluent Scrubber-effluent Scrubber-effluent Scrubber-effluent Scrubber-eff 1 uent Scrubber-ef f 1 uent Date (1985) 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 Volatile solids, mg/liter 82 134 124 118 108 108 98 96 112 108 106 88 106 Fixed solids, mg/liter 470 500 446 480 456 408 620 630 620 760 652 644 606 Total solids, mg/liter 552 634 570 598 564 516 718 726 732 868 758 732 712 2-21 ------- TABLE 2-9. SUMMARY OF TOTAL Cr EMISSION DATA (Detroit Sludge Incinerator No. 13) ro i ro t>0 Run No. PC I -3 PCI -4 PCt-5 PCI-6 PCO-1 PCO-3 PCO-4 PCO-5 PCO-6 PSI-2 PSI-2 PSI-2 PSI-2 PSI-2 Sample type and location Participate - scrubber inlet Parti cul ate - scrubber inlet Participate - scrubber inlet Particulate - scrubber inlet Particulate - scrubber outlet Particulate - scrubber outlet Particulate - scrubber outlet Particulate - scrubber outlet Particulate - scrubber outlet Particle size - scrub- ber inlet Stage 0 Particle size - inlet Stage 1 Particle size - inlet Stage 2 Particle size - inlet Stage 3 Particle size - inlet Backup thimble Total* Particulate collected, 9 4.2427 6.3451 5.7192 6.0474 0.1386 0.1141 0.1334 0.0781 0.0933 0.0781 0.0075 0.0246 0.0573 0.031 Particulate sample weight analyzed by NAA, g 0.3096 0.2721 0.2392 0.1571 0.1386 0.1141 0.1334 0.0781 0.0933 0.0629 0.0035 0.0141 0.0273 0.031 Total Crc results by NAA, vg 717 423 650 875 233.6 201.7 172.6 240.5 204.6 457 27 34 76 74 Total Crd concen- tration by NAA, V9/9 2.317 1,555 2,717 5.570 1.685 1,768 1.294 3.056 2,193 7,266 7,714 2.411 2,784 2,387 Total Cre content of emission sample, v9 9,831 9,864 15,539 33,682 233.6 201.7 172.6 240.5 204.6 567 58 59 160 74 Total Cr concentration, iig/dNm' 3.738 2,616 4,752 10,300 39.8 32.8 30.2 44.4 33.5 863 88 90 244 113 gr/dscf 0.0016 0.0011 0.002 0.0045 0.00002 0.00001 0.00001 0.00002 0.00001 0.0004 0.00004 0.00004 0.0001 0.00005 Total Cr mass emission rate, kg/h 0.22 0.14 0.25 0.57 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.05 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.007 Ib/h 0.48 0.31 0.55 1.3 0.008 0.004 0.003 0.008 0.003 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.015 Total participate (acetone rinse residue and filter) collected during sample run. Particulate weight analyzed by NAA. cTotal Cr results by NAA. Run Nos. PC)4 (scrubber outlet) are blank corrected values (17 pg Cr for filter/acetone blank). Par- ticle size thimble (backup) values have been blank corrected for 31 vg Cr. dTota1 Cr(C) divided by particulate weight analyzed by NAA(b). eTotal Cr concentration (119/9) multiplied by total particulate weight collected(a). ------- TABLE 2-10. SUMMARY OF TOTAL CHROMIUM DATA FROM PROCESS SAMPLES Sample type Bottom ash Sludge Scrubber water influent Scrubber water effluent Date (1985)a 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 6/25 6/26 6/27 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 6/25 6/26 6/27 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 Total chromium by NAA (yg/g basis except as noted) 178.0 324.6 325.9 257.9 267.7 236.1 252.7 213.6 222.4 28.9, 34.4, 31.6 51.3, 23.4, 18.9 23.4, 30.3, 23.6 29.8, 28.0, 28.6 23.4, 19.9, 17.3 21.0 20.9 19.2 26.0 1.6 yg/ml 2.4 No value reported 2.5 2.6 1.6 2.9 yg/ml 0.11 2.7 2.5 No value reported 2.8 Triplicate, 2-hour composite sludge samples were collected between June 18 and 22 during each test day. The results of the triplicate analyses are presented as shown. Results for solid samples are expressed in yg/g and yg/ml for liquid samples. 2-23 ------- TABLE 2-11. SUMMARY OF METALS ANALYTICAL DATA Suple type and/or run No. Inlet particu- lite PCI-3 PCI-4 PC 1-5 PC I -6 Bottoi ash Sludge Date (1985) 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 6/22 6/24 6/18 6/18 6/18 6/19 6/19 6/19 6/20 6/20 6/20 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/22 6/22 6/22 6/24 6/25 6/26 6/27 Total particu- late col- lected, g 4.2427 6.3451 5.7192 6.0474 _ . - - . - . - - - _ . - - . - - - - . - - - - • Panic- ulate analyzed by NAA. g 0.1051 0.1176 0.1124 0.1086 0.3165 0.2669 0.2300 0.304 0.2441 0.2899 0.3579 0.3868 0.4896 0.6884 0.4371 0.3757 0.384 0.278 0.3445 0.3861 0.4615 0.5439 0.3687 0.4315 0.4577 0.4966 0.4340 0.422 0.3553 Metals concentration. 1.9/9* At 66.4 56.4 61.9 41.1 20.6 24.0 23.7 23.7 22.8 19.4 2.8 3.4 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.4 3.3 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.9 _ 3.3 2.5 Cd 928 1160 1139 594 110 116 144 111 104 118 20 20 16 16 12 17 19 12 15 18 29 13 23 19 27 23 28 28 13 Cr 3920 1970 4820 4880 1750 1740 2240 1890 1950 1580 196 186 164 153 185 129 167 175 154 134 248 201 208 125 162 141 167 154 127 Cu 1300 1300 1500 1500 1200 1100 1300 1100 1300 900 100 100 70 80 60 70 100 110 120 80 90 80 60 80 80 110 130 70 100 Nn 1130 720 843 946 748 767 778 770 764 744 61 48 46 43 55 33 62 62 64 41 42 36 39 43 39 61 S3 49 49 Nl 3150 1140 4600 3990 608 635 760 675 580 526 40 53 40 62 _ _ . 50 _ 61 63 _ _ 48 38 46 38 40 Se - 12.3 39.4 33.8 17.2 13.3 . _ 13.8 1.2 3.5 3.8 2.5 2.9 3.5 _ _ 4.5 _ _ 1.7 2.5 _ 4.0 2.3 V 77 84 83 86 82 84 82 82 80 79 9.8 7.7 7.2 6.5 8.9 5.4 8.8 8.9 9.3 6.8 5.8 6.3 6.3 5.3 7.3 9.9 9.0 7.5 9.2 Zn 8410 9590 9480 7440 5820 6390 7720 8100 8970 6520 670 716 306 665 347 542 737 261 390 509 1170 355 563 545 904 677 804 718 300 Concentration, ng/dlta3 As 0.1 0.09 0.11 0.08 Cd 1.5 1.95 2.00 1.1 Cr 6.3 3.3 8.4 9.0 Cu 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.8 Nn 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.75 Nl 5.1 1.9 8.0 7.4 Se . 0.02 0.07 0.06 V 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.16 Zn 13.6 16.1 16.6 13.8 KiSS rate, kg/h As 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.004 Cd 0.09 0.10 0.11 •0.06 Cr 0.38 0.18 0.45 0.50 Cu 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.15 Nn 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.10 N1 0.30 0.10 0.43 0.41 Se _ 0.001 0.004 0.003 V 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.009 Zn 0.80 0.86 0.88 0.76 ro ' Metals concentration in Pg/g as received fro. EPA determined by NAA. ------- from a nuclear reactor. Typically, the sample matrix plus appropriate standards of the element(s) of interest are irradiated for a selected time period in the neutron flux core region of a research nuclear reactor. After irradiation and appropriate radioactive decay, a gamma-count energy spectrum is obtained by counting the sample on a nuclear detection system. Two sets of samples were submitted to EPA for analysis. The first set included inlet and outlet Method 5 samples, one inlet particle size sample, and process samples (sludge, incinerator bottom ash, and scrubber water influent and effluent). This set of samples, which was submitted to EPA in September 1985, is summarized in Tables 2-9 and 2-10. Only total Cr results are reported. The second set of samples, submitted to EPA in January 1986, included only inlet Method 5 samples and process samples (bottom ash and sludge). These data are summarized in Table 2-11. Total chromium and metals emission data were calculated by using the total content of the element in each sample, the sample volume, and volumetric flow data from each individual test. Example calculations are presented in Appendix A. As reported in Table 2-9, the total Cr content of the inlet emission samples (filterable particulate) ranged between 1553 and 5567 vg/g. Total Cr 3 concentrations ranged between 2.6 and 10.3 mg/dNm , and corresponding mass emission rates ranged between 0.14 and 0.57 kg/h. Outlet emission samples showed total Cr concentrations ranging between 1294 and 3079 ng/g. Outlet 3 concentrations ranged between 0.03 and 0.04 mg/dNm , and corresponding mass emission rates ranged between 0.002 and 0.003 kg/h. The total Cr data (mass rate basis) from simultaneous Inlet Tests PCI-3 through 6 and Outlet Tests PCO-3 through 6 indicate the scrubber system removes greater than 95 percent of the total Cr from the gas emission stream. A single particle size sample (PSI-2) from the scrubber inlet was submitted for analysis of total Cr by 2-25 ------- size fraction. As reported in Subsection 2.3, the inlet particle size re- sults are considered suspect; thus, these data are presented for informa- tional purposes only. The majority of total Cr found in this sample (863 o yg/dNm ) was in Stage 0, which exhibited a 13.0-ym cut point. Impactor Stage 3, which exhibited a 3.1-ym cut point, showed the next highest level of total Cr at 190 yg/dNm3. Table 2-10 summarizes total Cr results from process samples collected during testing. Solid sample (bottom ash and sludge) results are expressed in micrograms per gram and liquid sample results in micrograms per milli- liter. These data show a bottom ash Cr content ranging between 178 and 326 yg/g and sludge Cr content ranging between 19 and 51 yg/g. Table 2-11 summarizes metals analytical data for the four scrubber inlet samples and bottom ash and sludge samples submitted to EPA in January 1986. The concentrations of the following metals were determined: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), sele- nium (Se), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). In the four scrubber inlet emission 3 samples, the metals showing concentrations greater than 1.0 mg/dNm were Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn. 2.6 VISIBLE EMISSION OBSERVATIONS On June 20, the EPA Task Manager conducted visible emission observations on the No. 13 incinerator exit stack. Procedures detailed in EPA Method 9 were used.* Recorded opacities ranged from 0 to 15 percent. These data are included in Appendix B. 40 CFR, Appendix A, Reference Method 9, July 1984. 2-26 ------- SECTION 3 PROJECT QUALITY ASSURANCE The application of quality assurance procedures to source emission measurements ensures accurate emission-testing results. Quality assurance guidelines provide the detailed procedures and actions necessary for defining and producing acceptable data. In this project, five documents were used in the preparation of a source-specific test plan that would ensure the collec- tion of acceptable data: 1) the EPA Quality Assurance Handbook Volume II, EPA-600/4-77-0271; 2) the PEI Emission Test Quality Assurance Plan; 3) the PEI Laboratory Quality Assurance Plan; 4) Determination of Hexavalent Chromium Emissions From Stationary Sources, December 13, 1984; and 5) EPA Protocol for Emissions Sampling for Both Hexavalent and Total Chromium, February 22, 1985. Two of these are PEI's general guideline manuals that define the standard operating procedures followed by the company's emission testing and labora- tory groups. In this specific test program, which was reviewed by EPA's Emission Measurement Branch, the following steps were taken to ensure that the testing and analytical procedures produced quality data: 0 A sample of bottom ash was+obtained during the February pretest survey and analyzed for Cr 6 content. These data were used to defjne sampling times and rates so that a quantifiable level of Cr 6 was collected. 0 Calibration of all field sampling equipment. 0 Checks of train configuration and calculations. 3-1 ------- 0 Onsite quality assurance checks, such as leak checks of the sampling train, pitot tube, and Orsat line. Onsite quality assur- ance checks of all test equipment prior to its use. 0 Use of designated analytical equipment and sampling reagents. 0 Internal and external audits to ensure accuracy in sampling and analysis. Table 3-1 lists the specific sampling equipment used to perform the particulate/Cr , particle size distribution, and organic tests as well as the calibration guidelines and limits. In addition to the pre- and post-test calibrations, a field audit was performed on the metering systems and tempera- ture-measurement devices used during sampling. These data are summarized in Table 3-1, and copies of the field audit data sheets are presented in Appen- dix B of this report. The PEI project manager and EPA Task Manager performed the onsite sample calculations, and computer programming was used to validate the data upon return to PEI's Cincinnati laboratory. Minor discrepancies between the hand calculations and computer printouts are due primarily to rounding off of values. Computerized example calculations are presented in Appendix A. The following subsections summarize the quality assurance activities performed during the analytical phase of this project. As a check of the gravimetric analytical procedure, a blank filter and a reagent (acetone) were analyzed in a fashion similar to that used for the actual field samples. Table 3-2 summarizes the blank analysis data, which indicate good gravimetric analytical technique. As an additional check, the 3-m (10-ft) stainless steel probe used for tests at the inlet site was rinsed with acetone after its initial use, and this solution was analyzed for particulate matter. A value of 34 mg was obtained, which is considered insignificant compared with the average total train catch of over 5 grams. 3-2 ------- TABLE 3-1. FIELD EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION Equipment Meter box P1tot tube Digital Indicator Thermocouple and stack thermometer Implnger thermocouple Orsat analyzer Trip balance Barometer Dry gas Probe ID No. FB 3 FB 4 FB10 FB11 247 377 403 126 220 262 147 178 257 1-7 1-1 1-9 141 3'96 406 FB 3 FB 4 FB10 FB11 4-108 3-109 8-108 5-112 6-113 Calibrated against Wet-test meter Standard pi tot tube Millivolt signals ASTM-2F or 3F ASTM-2F or 3F Standard gas Type S weights NBS traceable barometer ASTM-2F or 3F Caliper Allowable error 4H@ ±0.15 (Y ±0.05 Y post-test) Cp ± 0.01 0.5* 1.5* (±2* saturated) ±2* ±0.5% ±0.5 g ±0.10 in.Hg. (0.20 post-test) ±5°F Dn ±0.04 in. Actual error Y: -0.049 Y: -0.036 Y: +0.008 Y: -0.031 0 0 0 0.2* 0.3* 0.2* 0,1* 0.1* 0.1* 0.1* 1°F 1°F -0.4* 0* 0.1 g 0.1 g 0.1 in.Hg. -1.3°F -1.0°F -2.0"F -1.0°F -1°F 0°F -1°F +2°F 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.001 Within allow limits X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Comments Y « 0.990; Audit AH? = 1.89 Y = 1.018; Audit 4H0 •= 1.14 Y •= 0.947; Audit 4H@ « 1.21 Y « 1.050; Audit iH@ = 1.15 CP = 0.84 per Geometric Specifications - Method 2 C02 0, Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet 3-3 ------- TABLE 3-2. SAMPLE FILTER AND REAGENT BLANK ANALYSIS FOR PARTICULATE Sample type and filter number Outlet particulate - 8510225 Reeve Angel 934AH Inlet particulate - No. 29 glass-fiber thimble Modified Method 5 - 3-7/8-in. filter - No. 5300020 Acetone3 316 Stainless steel probe acetone rinse blank Original tare weight, mg 371.9 2,089.6 565.9 91,993.8 90,400.4 Blank weight mg 372.2 2,099.1 566.4 92,006.5 90,434.6 Net weight mg 0.3 9.5 0.5 12. 7b (0.027 mg/g) 34. 2C 605 ml evaporated and desiccated before weighing. Method 5 and particle size acetone blank (0.01 mg/g used in calculations). Average blank value from inlet stainless steel probe rinse. 3-4 ------- Emission and process samples were analyzed in four separate batches. Table 3-3 summarizes the linear regression data of the spectrophotometer calibration for these samples. The detection limit established was less than 0.004 yg/ml for an absorbance of 0.005 above the linear regression intercept. TABLE 3-3. LINEAR REGRESSION DATA FOR SPECTROPHOTOMETER CALIBRATION Sample description Process sam- ples PCI 4-6 PCIO 1 and 2 Date (1985) 7/16 Cr+6 standard concen- tration, yg/ml 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Absorb- ance 0.000 0.131 0.260 0.400 0.531 0.640 Y-Intercept 0.0027 Slope 1.2971 Correlation coefficient 0.9995 Because the concentration of hexavalent chromium in these solid samples was extremely low, the amount of alkaline extraction solution and the final dilution volume of this extract were kept at a minimum consistent with Method 3060 from Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. This proportion is 4 ml of alkaline extraction solution per gram of solid diluted to a final volume of 10 ml. Concentrations in all reagent blanks were less than the detection limit. No other blanks were necessary because all analyses were performed on loose particulate; i.e., no filter or thimbles were extracted. A duplicate anal- ysis (extraction and colorimetric determination) was performed on bottom ash samples. Also, the bottom ash particulate and scrubber water effluent were checked by method of addition. The results for these samples are presented in Table 3-4. 3-5 ------- TABLE 3-4. RESULTS OF QC SAMPLES Sample Bottom ash particulate Bottom ash particulate Scrubber water effluent QC type Duplicate Spike Spike Results <0.4 yg; <0.1 yg/g 51% recovery 103% recovery Table 3-5 presents QC data relative to the total Cr analysis by NAA. Blank, duplicate, and audit data are presented. TABLE 3-5. QC DATA FOR TOTAL CHROMIUM BY NAA Lab No. EQ 232/239 EQ 212 Blank - reagent EQ 246 EQ 208/218 EQ 133/134 EQ 295 EQ 301 EQ 325 N6S1633A Sample type Filter/acetone Thimble blank Alkaline extract H2 blank Duplicate - particulate acetone Duplicate - particulate acetone Duplicate - bottom ash Duplicate - bottom ash Duplicate - sludge Audit - coal fly ash Results total Cr, ug (except as noted) 17.0 31.2 0.17 2.4 yg/ml 480.3, 555.7 89.4, 62.9 325.9, 276.7 222.4, 276.9 19.2, 24.8 195 yg/g (196 yg/g accepted value) 3-6 ------- SECTION 4 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES This section describes the sampling sites and the test methods used to characterize particulate and chromium emissions from this source as well as the particle size distribution. 4.1 SAMPLING LOCATIONS Samples were extracted from the inlet and outlet ducts of the scrubber at the locations shown in Figures 4-1 and 4-2. The inlet test site has six 10-cm (4-in.) i.d. sampling ports along the vertical axis in the horizontal duct. These ports are approximately 1.0 m (3 ft 4 in.) downstream from the incinerator and approximately 2.9 m (9.5 ft) upstream from a 90-degree bend in the 2.1 m x 3.1 m (7 ft x 10 ft) rectangular duct. The inlet sampling location did not meet the minimum ik- specifications outlined in EPA Reference Method 1 for sampling port location; however, this was the only available section of the ductwork leading to the scrubber from which samples could be extracted. The outlet test site has two 10-cm (4-in.) i.d. sampling ports located 90 degrees off-center. These ports are approximately 3.7 m (12 ft) down- stream from a flow control damper and approximately 9 m (30 ft) upstream from the induced-draft fan in the 1.3-m (4 ft, 5 in.) round duct. This location 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 1, July 1984. 4-1 ------- INSULATION =0.3 m (1 ft) THICKNESS =3.05 m (10 ft) U PLAN 1 FLOW ;2 1 O*-0 ft! 0 m n * (7 ft) ~ 1^^ i £" t~A 11 -4 III (13 ft) -2.1 m (7 ft) 1 O ^ -^ . =1.0 m k 0 ft x PORTS 4 in-) GRADE ELEVATION TO SCRUBBER INCINERATOR NO. 13 INCINERATOR NO. 13 Figure 4-1. No. 13 incinerator inlet sample location. -no scale- 4-2 ------- (TO FAN) I i , =3.7 m (12 ft) TO I.D. FAN AND ATMOSPHERE OPACITY MONITOR 1.1 m (3.75 ft) O o FLOW CONTROL DAMPER I CROSS-SECTION 2-10 cm (4 in.) I.D. SAMPLE PORTS TEST PLATFORM FLOW FROM SCRUBBER Figure 4-2. No. 13 incinerator scrubber outlet test location, 4-3 ------- conforms with specifications detailed in EPA Reference Method 1. No site modifications were required at either location. Before sampling began, the velocity, static pressure, molecular weight, moisture content, and temperature were measured to define sampling rates and * nozzle sizes as described in EPA Reference Methods 1 through 4. In addi- tion, the degree of turbulent flow at each location was assessed based on procedures described in EPA Reference Method 1. In this method, the face openings of the Type-S pitot tube are aligned perpendicularly to the duct cross-sectional plane designated "0-degree reference." Null (zero) pitot readings obtained at a 0-degree reference indicate an acceptable flow condi- tion at a given point. If the pitot reading is not zero at 0-degree reference, the pitot is rotated (up to 90 degrees ± yaw angle) until a null reading is obtained. The value of the rotation angle (yaw) is recorded for each point and averaged across the duct. Method 2 criteria stipulate that average angular rotations greater than ilO degrees indicate turbulent (nonaxial) flow conditions in the duct(s). This procedure was used to check several traverse points at each location. In each case, null and/or angular rotations of less than 20-degree pitot readings were observed at the 0-degree reference. These data, together with the velocity and temperature profiles established for each location, indicated generally acceptable flow patterns that would enable the extraction of representative samples at each site. 4.2 PARTICULATE AND HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM SAMPLE EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Flue gas samples were simultaneously collected at the scrubber inlet and outlet test locations according to procedures outlined in EPA Reference 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Methods 1 through 4, July 1984. 4-4 ------- Method 5. The 13 tests were conducted simultaneously before and after the scrubber to determine particulate, CR , and total Cr content. In eight of these tests (four at each location), the cross-sectional area of the ducts was traversed by isokinetic sampling techniques. The remaining four tests were conducted isokinetically at a point of average velocity and temperature. These single point runs were designed to determine both particulate, Cr , and total Cr from the front half of the sampling train (probe residue and filter) and semivolatile organics from the back half by placing a water- cooled XAD-2 resin trap prior to the first impinger. At the scrubber inlet, 30 sampling points were used to traverse the cross-sectional area of the duct. Each point was sampled for 12 minutes, which yielded a total test time of 360 minutes for the traverse tests. At the scrubber outlet, 24 sample points were used to traverse the cross- sectional area of the stack. Each point was sampled for 15 minutes, which yielded a total test time of 360 minutes for the traverse tests. It should be noted that for outlet tests PCO 3, 4, and 6, 3 of the 24 sample points exhibited negative or zero flow characteristics. During actual sampling, the test points were skipped and sampling times for the remaining test points were adjusted to allow for a complete 360-minute test. Sampling data were adjusted to account for this by recording zero velocity head and sample orifice pressure drop for each point. The average stack and dry gas meter temperatures were used to complete data input, and sample times were set at 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 5, July 1984. 4-5 ------- 15 minutes per point for calculation purposes. Isokinetic sampling rates for these runs were calculated separately for each traverse (Points 1-12 and 13-21), and the average was used as the isokinetic rate for a given run. See Appendix A for calculations. The testing and analytical procedures used are described briefly here, and detailed procedures are presented in Appendix D. 4.2.1 Velocity and Gas Temperature A Type-S pi tot tube and an inclined draft gauge manometer were used to measure the gas velocity pressures at the test sites. Velocity pressures were measured at each sampling point across the duct to determine an average value. Measurements were taken in the manner prescribed in EPA Reference * Method 2. The temperature at each sampling point was measured with a thermo- couple and digital readout. 4.2.2 Molecular Weight Flue gas composition was determined in accordance with the basic proce- * dures described in EPA Reference Method 3. Grab samples were collected prior to the start of sampling to establish baseline contents of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Integrated bag samples were collected during each test and were analyzed with an Orsat gas analyzer. The gas composition at each test site remained reasonably consistent throughout the test series. 4.2.3 Particulate/Cr+6 Particulate and Cr+ samples were collected as specified in EPA Reference * Method 5. All tests were conducted isokinetically by regulating the sample flow rate relative to the gas velocity in the duct (as measured by the pi tot tube and thermocouple attached to the sample probe). At the scrubber outlet, 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Methods 2, 3, and 5, July 1984. 4-6 ------- the sample train consisted of a heated glass-lined probe, a heated 7.6-cm (3-in.) diameter glass-fiber filter (Whatman Reeve Angel 934 AH), and a series of five Greenburg-Smith impingers followed by a vacuum line, vacuum gauge, leak-free vacuum pump, dry gas meter, thermometers, and a calibrated orifice. At the scrubber inlet, the sample train consisted of an instack glass-fiber thimble followed by a heated stainless steel probe, a heated Method 5 backup filter, and a series of five Greenburg-Smith impingers. For determination of the outlet particulate concentration, the nozzle, probe, and filter holder portions were rinsed with acetone at the end of each applicable test. The acetone rinse and particulate caught on the filter media were dried at room temperature, desiccated to a constant weight, and weighed on an analytical balance. Total filterable particulate matter was determined by adding these two values. For determination of the inlet partic- ulate concentration, the nozzle, probe, and filter holder portion of the backup Method 5 filter were rinsed with acetone at the end of each test. The acetone rinse and particulate caught in the instack thimble and on the Method 5 backup filter were dried at room temperature, desiccated to a constant weight, and weighed on an analytical balance. Total filterable particulate matter was determined by adding these three values. Upon completion of the gravimetric analysis, the inlet sample fractions were prepared and analyzed for Cr according to procedures recently developed by EPA. In summary, loose particulate samples were digested in an alkaline * solution and analyzed by the diphenylcarbazide colorimetric method. Test methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, SW-846, 2nd ed., July 1982. 4-7 ------- The volume of water collected in the impinger section of the sampling train(s) was measured at the end of each sample run to determine the moisture content of the flue gas. The contents of the impingers were transferred to a polyethylene container. The impingers and all connecting glassware, includ- ing the back half of the filter holder, were rinsed with distilled water and the rinse was added to the container. These samples are being held for further analysis. 4.3 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION Samples for measuring particle size distribution were collected at the scrubber inlet and outlet by instack cascade impactors of two different configurations. The Andersen Mark III multistage impactor was used at the scrubber outlet and the Andersen Heavy Grain Loading Impactor (HGLI) was used at the scrubber inlet. The Andersen Mark III in-stack impactor consists of eight size cut-point stages and a backup filter. This impactor was assembled by alternating the stage plates, collection media, flat crossbars, and Inconel spacer rings needed to provide weight cut sizes. The collection substrates were Reeve Angel 934 AH glass-fiber filters that had been heated in a 204°C (400°F) oven for 1 or 2 hours, desiccated for 24 hours to a constant weight, and weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg on an analytical balance. A total of four samples were collected at a single point representing the average velocity and temperature in the outlet duct. Sample times ranged from 20 to 60 minutes. Isokinetic sampling rates were set initially and constant cut-point characteristics were maintained throughout the sampling period. 4-8 ------- Each size fraction was subjected to a gravimetric analysis according to EPA Method 5 procedures. For each test, size distribution curves were estab- lished that represented the total weight percent of particulate matter smaller than the indicated aerodynamic particle diameter in micrometers. Cut-points for the eight Mark III impactor stages were calculated by computer programs contained in "A Computer-Based Cascade Impactor Data Reduc- tion System" (CIDRS). All particle size results are based on a particle density of 1 g/cm3. Data reduction and intermediate results calculations for both types of impactors were performed by the CIDRS program with moisture contents obtained from the particulate tests. The Andersen HGLI used at the scrubber inlet consists of two single-jet impaction chambers followed by a third-stage cyclone and a backup filter. The sampled gas stream enters the system through the Stage 1 acceleration jet. Particles with sufficient inertia are impacted against the bottom of the Stage 1 impaction chamber. Smaller particles flow with the gas stream and exit the impaction chamber through three vent tubes. Stage 2 of the HGLI is simply a scaled-down version of Stage 1 in which the jet nozzle diameter and the distance from jet exit to the impaction surface have been designed for the proper Stage 2 cut-point. Stage 3 of the HGLI is a small cyclone designed by Southern Research Institute. A high-efficiency glass-fiber filter removes all particles remain- ing in the gas stream downstream of the cyclone. * Southern Research Institute. A Computer-Based Cascade Impactor Data Reduction System. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-022-131, March 1978. 4-9 ------- The Andersen HGLI was used at the inlet because of expected heavy par- ticulate concentration, which would overload a standard multistage impactor. Three samples were collected at the scrubber inlet from a single point in the duct that was representative of the average velocity and temperature. Sample times ranged from 90 to 120 minutes. At the completion of each test, the impactor samples were recovered in accordance with procedures described in the HGLI operation manuals. Each recovered fraction was then subjected to a gravimetric analysis in accordance with EPA Reference Method 5 criteria. Size distribution curves representing the total weight percent of particulate matter smaller than the indicated aerodynamic particle diameter (in micrometers) were established for each run. The three cut-points for each Andersen HGLI test were determined graphi- cally from information supplied by the manufacturer. All particle size 3 results are based on a particle density of 1 g/cm . Data reduction and intermediate result calculations were performed by CIDRS programs with mois- ture contents and gas composition data obtained from the particulate/Cr * tests. 4.4 PROCESS SAMPLES During each test day, the following process samples were collected: 0 Incinerator sludge feed 0 Incinerator bottom ash 0 Scrubber water influent 0 Scrubber water effluent Samples were collected by plant personnel every 15 to 30 minutes over an 8- to 10-hour period. Collection of sludge samples was begun about 30 minutes Southern Research Institute. A Computer-Based Cascade Impactor Data Reduction System. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-022-131. March 1978. 4-10 ------- before the start of testing and continued for about 1 hour after testing was completed. A total of three 2-hour composite samples were collected during the Cr /particulate tests. In the remaining tests, one composite sludge sample was collected over the day-long period. All sludge and scrubber water samples were subjected to a volatile, * fixed, and total residue analysis using EPA methods 160.1, 160.3, and 160.4. Incinerator bottom ash and scrubber water samples were analyzed for Cr by procedures similar to those used for the actual emission samples. Portions of each sample type from each test day were shipped to EPA for Neutron Activation Analysis of total chromium and other metals of interest. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA 600-4-79-020, 3rd Edition, March 1979. 4-11 ------- SECTION 5 PROCESS OPERATION 5.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION Testing was conducted on the exhaust gases of the multiple-hearth sewage sludge incinerators 9 and 13 in Complex 2 at the City of Detroit Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. Each incinerator has 12 hearths that are used to process 12 to 14 megagrams per hour (Mg/h) (13 to 15 tons/h) of blended pri- mary and secondary sludge at a ratio of two parts primary to one part second- ary sludge. Primary sludge refers to the solid material that is removed from suspension in untreated wastewater in the initial settling basins. Secondary sludge refers to the solid material resulting from biological treatment of the wastewater that is removed from suspension by subsequent settling basins. The incinerators, which were manufactured by Nichols Engineering Company and installed in 1972, have been reworked in the last 2 years. The incinerators have a rabble arm rotation rate of approximately one revolution per minute. The incinerators typically use combustion air from only the central shaft. They operate at 150 to 300 percent excess air and use natural gas as an auxiliary fuel. Natural gas burners are located on Hearths 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Sludge combustion takes place primarily on Hearths 5 and 6. Each incinerator has an impingement scrubber for removal of particulate from the exhaust gases. The impingement scrubbers operate at a pressure drop of approximately 2.4 kilopascals (kPa) (10 in. HpO). 5-1 ------- 5.2 PROCESS CONDITIONS DURING TESTING Incinerators 9 and 13 were operating at a normal load of approximately 12 to 14 Mg/h (13 to 15 tons/h) during testing. Incinerator 13 was tested the first 8 days (June 18 through 22 and June 24 through 26). This test period included all chromium and arsenic runs and all hydrocarbon runs except one inlet run for volatile organic compounds (VOC's). This VOC test run was conducted on the last day (June 27) on Incinerator 9 rather than Incinerator 13 because a broken bearing prevented sludge feed to Incinerator 13. The following parameters were recorded every 20 minutes during testing: sludge flow rate; percent oxygen; use of auxiliary combustion air; scrubber damper position, inlet pressure, outlet pressure, and outlet temperature; shaft revolution rate; and the temperature of 10 of 12 of the hearths (one hearth did not have a temperature monitor, and another monitor was malfunc- tioning during the test period). Tables 5-1 through 5-9 present results of these observations. In addition, Attachments 1 through 9 contain copies of the operator's log, scrubber water flow rates, strip charts of the percent oxygen and hearth temperatures, and 5-minute visible emission observation summaries for each run. These data were compiled by plant personnel. Delays and/or interruptions for the nine testing runs are presented below. The start of Run 1 was delayed for approximately 2.5 hours to remove incinerator braces that were blocking access to the outlet ports. Inlet testing during Run 1 was stopped after 0.5 hour into the run because of a failed leak check. During Run 2, inlet testing was halted three times be- cause of cracked probe liners. (As a result of this problem, an in-stack filter was used at the inlet location for the remainder of the testing.) All testing was halted during Run 2 for approximately 1.5 hours because of a faulty Op analyzer. No problems were encountered during Runs 3 through 5. 5-2 ------- TABLE 5-1. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 1—INCINERATOR NO. 13. DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 18, 1985 Tl«e 8:50 8:50 9:40 10:40 11:00 11:20 11:50 11:40 12:00 12:00 12:20 12:40 1:00 1:2O 1:40 2:00 2:20 2:40 1:00 5:20 5:40 4:00 4:20 4:40 5:00 5:20 5:40 5:45 Hopper sludge Mo. rale, •et tons/h (6 *in avg.) 14. 1 15.5 16.2 15.9 13.5 16.5 S1AHI 14,5 INI.EI 15.1 15.1 15.5 15.5 16.2 15.0 17.1 15.8 14.9 15.0 14.1 14.4 15.5 14.4 15.2 15.5 15.? 15.6 Scrub- ber Aux. daoper coobus- Scrub- posi- tion ber gas tlon. Scrubber air, llo* per- Inlet Oxygen, yes/ rate, cent pressure t 7.0 6.5 8.2 9.0 7.5 8.0 RUN NO. 1 7.5 no act* open In. t».c. N 41,000 N 41,000 N 40,000 N 40,000 N 18.000 N 42 .COO N 59.000 RUN (METHOD 5) STOPPED Out (.5 8.5 .0 .7 .0 .8 .8 .8 .4 .0 7.8 7.6 .5 .5 .5 .1 .7 II. 8 N 40,000 N 18.000 N 18,000 N 18,000 N 18,000 N 14 ,OOO N 15,000 N 36.000 N 16,000 N 16,000 N Discon- nected N N N N N N N 47 46 START 49 49 49 49 49 -1.2 -1.2 Scrubber exhaust pres- sure. In. x.c. 9.0 9.2 Scrubber outlet •••P.. •F 50 50 OF TESTING DELATED DUE -1.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.0 -1.5 TO FAILED LEAK 49 51 51 51 51 56 55 55 55 55 58 59 60 60 60 60 60 60 -1.5 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -1.1 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 9.0 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 CHECK 9.2 9.1 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.S 9.8 9.6 9.6 50 50 48 48 50 45 46 ' 48 48 48 48 48 48 50 50 50 50 50 50 55 55 55 60 Shalt, rp» 1.0 1.0 TO NEED 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 i.o 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 I.O 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Hearth temperature. *F 7 925 964 TO REMOVE 947 917 950 945 921 921 927 916 915 888 914 914 894 903 918 896 943 922 874 846 831 813 783 3 1050 1050 4 1094 1090 BRACES BLOCKING ACCESS 1100 1050 1050 1050 1090 1050 1090 1050 1050 1000 1090 1050 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1210 1220 980 990 950 900 1110 1074 1072 1091 1084 1076 1068 1077 1074 1056 1060 1097 1042 1028 1029 1025 1042 1055 1028 1000 . 997 995 964 t 1400 1400 TO INLET 1400 1400 1150 1400 1400 1420 1420 1420 1450 1420 1400 1400 1190 1150 1150 1350 1120 1150 1350 1350 1350 1150 1150 6 1497 1492 PORTS 1453 1415 1152 1476 1497 1488 1472 1506 1511 1480 1440 1471 1340 1357 1401 1396 1337 1408 1375 1116 1143 1148 1150 ^ 900 900 600 660 650 640 720 820 800 780 800 810 1100 860 850 920 950 900 800 750 750 880 880 800 800 8 871 882 650 618 619 601 695 810 783 775 7»5 788 1058 849 869 901 945 889 785 722 705 811 856 774 782 10 196 209 187 175 169 168 166 171 197 206 197 194 197 276 211 209 197 217 260 219 205 225 255 296 257 11 12 150 139 190 142 150 136 150 119 150 119 150 140 150 140 150 140 I5O 140 150 140 150 140 150 140 150 140 IV) 119 ISO 144 150 141 150 142 150 145 150 148 150 150 150 148 150 148 150 148 I5O 150 150 146 Fnd al 1 testing cn i GO ------- TABLE 5-2. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 2—INCINERATOR NO. 13, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 19. 1985 TIM 8:30 8:45 8:50 9:10 9:30 9:50 10:10 10:30 10:50 11:00 OH 11:10 1 -P» 11:30 11:46 11:50 12:10 12:30 12:30 12:45 12:50 Hopper s 1 udge Mow Aui. rate, coBbus- Scrub- net tlon ber gas tons/h air, tin (6 eln Onygen, yes/ rate. avg.) f no act* 14.2 9 N Discon- nected Scrub- ber Hamper posi- tion. Scrubber per- inlet cent pressure, open In. n.c. 59 -1.3 START RUN NO. 2 (PROCESS SAMPLING STARTED AT 8: 14.9 10.5 N Discon- nected 10.6 8.5 N Discon- nected 14.5 7.8 N Discon- nected 11.3 8.8 N Discon- nected 13.3 8.0 N Discon- nected 12.7 9.0 N Discon- nected 13.4 8.8 N Discon- nected INLET M5 STOPPED DUE TO CRACKED 14.3 8.2 N Discon- nected 14.3 7.7 N Discon- nected BEGAN SECOND INLET M5 14.6 8.2 N Discon- nected 15.9 8.2 N Discon- nected 12.3 8.0 N Discon- nected 59 -I.I 62 -1.2 62 -1.3 78 -1.3 60 -1.2 60 -1.2 59 -1.1 PROBE LINER 60 -1.2 60 -1.1 60 -1.1 52 -1.1 59 -1.2 Scrubber exhaust pres- sure. , In. «.c. 9.0 30) 9.6 9.5 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.5 9.5 .9.5 9.5 9.5 9.2 9.0 Scrubber outlet teop.. •f 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Shaft, rp" 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Hearth temperature, 'f 7 899 918 914 906 875 890 902 897 882 897 877 894 880 3 1050 1050 1050 1000 1000 • 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 4 1085 1090 1091 1052 1027 IO32 1052 1048 1028 1052 1027 1048 1016 5 1380 1400 1400 1350 1350 1300 1350 1350 1280 1300 1250 1380 1400 6 1458 1467 1468 1388 1439 1455 1416 1357 1337 1362 1339 1440 1466 7 680 720 720 720 720 780 730 720 820 820 820 880 860 8 644 689 712 714 709 773 726 706 802 808 792 864 836 10 193 186 178 175 178 178 174 170 166 170 173 185 184 11 160 160 160 150 I6O 160 160 150 ICO ISO 160 160 160 17 159 155 156 154 154 160 152 150 147 148 150 159 162 STOPPED INLET M5--LINER SEPARATED FROM NOZZLE INLE1 M5 RESUMED 16.2 Meter N Dl scon- 50 -I.I 9.0 50 1.0 862 1000 1013 1380 1399 860 862 181 160 163 1:05 AIL TESTING HALTED DUE TO FACULTY 0, ANALYZER (continued) ------- TABLE 5-2 (continued) Tin 2:30 2:37 ?:50 3:10 3:30 3:50 4:10 4:30 4:45 Hopper s 1 udge Hew rolo. •el tons/h (6 "In avg.) 15.0 TESTING 14.6 14.6 13.0 10.4 10.6 10.8 Au«. coabus- Scrub* t ion ber gas air, lion Onygen, ( 8.5 RESUMED 9.5 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.8 9.0 yes/ no N N N N N N N rate. Kim Discon- nected Discon- nected Discon- nected Discon- nected Discon- nected Discon- nected Discon- nected Scrub- ber dacper Scrubber posl- exhaust lion, Scrubber pres- Scrubber per- inlet sure. outlet cent open 50 SO to 44 60 62 60 pressure. In. ».c. -1.2 -0.9 -0.8 -O.8 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 in. «.c. 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.) 9.5 9.5 9.5 tea*.. •F 50 50 60 60 55 55 60 Shalt, rp" 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Hearth temperature, 'F z 897 854 863 885 892 894 896 I 1000 95O 950 920 1000 975 1000 4 1024 994 956 965 1020 1004 1012 5 1320 1320 1200 1150 1320 1300 1300 6 1432 1356 1216 1182 1398 1352 1331 7 1000 1280 1000 980 980 900 920 8 1004 1276 987 929 928 900 887 10 420 260 278 263 230 209 209 T1 I7J 160 160 175 175 175 175 12 180 167 162 163 170 169 167 END TESTING (INLET TESTING STOPPED APPROXIMATE IT 3:30— WOKEN LINER) on t tn ------- TABLE 5-3. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 3—INCINERATOR NO. 13, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 20. 1985 in i CTl Ti«e 8:20 8:40 8:4) 9:00 9:20 9:40 IO:OO 10: 2O 10:40 11:00 11:20 11:40 12:00 12:20 12:40 1:00 1:20 1:40 2:00 2:20 2:40 2:54 5:00 3:15 3:20 Hopper sludge llov rate, »el tons/n (6 >ln avg.l 15.7 12.8 0«ygen, t 10 7.5 BEGIN RUN NO. 12.4 12.5 15.5 16.2 14.2 14.4 13.1 14.0 14.2 16.7 13.4 14.0 11.0 16.2 M.2 14.3 ii.8 '.8 OUtlET 13.1 INllT 14.7 9.0 9.2 9.0 10.5 9.5 6.5 8.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 7.5 9.7 6.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 TESTING 7.8 US! IMG 9.2 Scrub- ber Au». daaper coabus- posi- tion tion. air, per- yes/ cent no open N N 3 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N COMPUTED N COMPUTED N 38 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 60 60 60 58 58 62 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Scrubber inlet pressure. In. «.c. -0.6 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.5 -1.0 -I.I -1.0 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -I.I -1.2 -0.8 -1.3 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 Scrubber eihaust pres- Scrubber sure, outlet In. leap.. Shalt, >.c. 7.J 8.0 9.0 9.0 *.o 9.0 8.0 8.7 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.2 •f rp. 60 55 55 55 50 55 55 50 50 50 55 60 50 55 50 65 60 60 65 .0 .0 .0 .0. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 65 1.0 65 1.0 65 1.0 2 816 844 879 892 917 886 871 896 907 928 938 90S 931 879 932 910 885 916 887 908 904 903 3 1000 980 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 950 1000 1020 1050 1000 1020 1020 1000 1080 1020 1050 1020 1020 1020 1020 4 1016 995 1029 1013 1041 1027 1017 992 1024 1077 1095 1066 1077 1060 1071 HIS 1051 1074 1064 1058 1082 1082 Hearth temperature, 'f 5 1400 1400 1380 1400 1400 1380 1380 1250 1380 1380 I4OO 1350 1380 1400 1300 1500 1400 1400 1420 1420 1400 1420 6 1468 1488 1478 1434 1472 1432 1410 1279 1450 1446 1474 1382 1410 1450 1374 1127 1464 1449 1464 1478 1472 1433 7 1200 1280 800 700 700 700 650 950 850 720 680 720 950 880 1250 900 880 1000 880 900 880 820 8 780 I2O5 788 655 656 635 604 1019 814 714 650 696 927 850 1154 896 851 995 856 888 875 797 10 252 260 284 248 225 209 223 304 286 260 208 189 191 233 248 266 250 224 238 234 784 232 11 150 220 175 175 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 I5O 150 150 150 HO 160 12 150 204 158 150 146 144 145 153 146 146 148 148 149 147 153 157 154 155 153 158 IS» 160 ------- TABLE 5-4. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 4—INCINERATOR NO. 13, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 21, 1985 cn Hopper sludge Au«. I lo» ccobus- TiM :IO !x> : 10 :50 :10 :30 :50 10:10 10:70 10:40 11:00 11:20 11:40 17:00 17:20 17:40 1 : 10 1:30 1:50 7:10 7:30 7:15 7:50 7:55 rate, vet tons/h (6 mln Oiygen. ovg.) % 11.8 6.5 11.0 8.0 BEGIN RUN NO. 4 11.9 9.1 14.1 9.0 15.9 9.1 10.8 8.7 14.1 8.5 11.5 8.5 14.7 10.0 12.0 8.7 14.7 9.8 12.9 8.8 12.4 9.5 14.0 7.5 11. 1 8.0 11.6 8.5 15.7 8.5 11.5 8.0 11.5 9.0 14.1 8.5 OUIIEI SAMPLING 11.9 8.5 tlon air. yes/ no N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 'N N N N Scrub- ber damper posi- tion. Scrubber per- Inlet cent pressure open in. B.C. 50 - .2 50 - .1 50 - .1 60 - .2 60 - .1 60 - .2 60 - .2 60 - .2 60 - .1 60 - .2 60 - .1 60 - .4 60 - .1 60 - .4 60 - .2 60 - .3 60 - .0 60 - .2 60 - .3 60 -1.7 Scrubber e»haust pres- sure. , In. «.c. 9.7 9.0 9.0 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 Scrubber outlet leap.. Shalt, *F rpa 15 .0 60 .0 60 .0 55 .0 60 .0 58 .0 60 .0 60 .0 60 .0 60 .0 60 .O 60 .0 60 .0 60 .0 60 .0 65 .0 60 .0 65 .0 65 .0 65 1.0 Hearth temperature, -f Z 3 972 1050 912 1020 889 1020 917 1050 899 1050 922 1050 901 1050 903 1050 911 1050 898 1050 909 1050 915 1050 919 1050 912 1020 928 1080 906 IO80 907 1050 972 1075 91 1 1050 902 1050 4 5 1058 1180 1055 1180 1050 1150 1074 1150 1074 1180 1086 1150 1082 1180 1086 1400 1076 1180 1081 1380 1088 1400 1105 1380 1078 1400 1096 1380 1112 1400 1098 1400 1080 1380 1113 1380 1098 1380 1098 1400 6 1415 1411 1171 1407 1417 1428 1415 1441 1411 1444 1452 1452 1414 1417 1467 1414 1390 1449 1446 1456 7 850 775 775 780 725 780 720 700 720 760 880 750 870 850 750 650 675 720 620 620 8 10 842 199 751 207 728 198 745 182 697 ISO 777 178 680 185 656 185 896 184 717 186 856 189 726 190 795 190 807 198 729 202 620 191 646 190 678 191 580 189 571 189 11 17 150 152 IX) 145 150 145 150 145 150 145 150 146 150 145 150 145 150 146 150 145 150 146 150 146 150 147 160 148 150 148 150 150 150 148 150 152 150 151 150 151 FINISHED N 60 -1.7 9.5 60 1.0 907 1050 1092 1400 1457 620 597 186 150 152 INLET SAMPLING FINISHED ------- TABLE 5-5. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 5—INCINERATOR NO. 13. DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 22, 1985 On I oo Tie* 8:7O 8:30 8:40 9:00 9:70 9:40 10:00 10:70 10:40 11:00 11:70 11:40 17:00 17:70 17:50 1:00 1:70 1:40 7:00 7:70 7:40 7:40 7:50 7:53 3:00 3:70 Hopper sludge At Ho. coat rate, rat tl tons/h a (6 «*n Oxygen, yc avg.) I g 11.7 10.7 BEGIN RUN NO. 5 13.5 9.5 19.1 10.0 18.5 9.7 18.3 10.5 19.7 9.5 19.0 8.4 15.9 8.0 17.6 7.5 15.8 8.7 10.7 9.5 17.4 8.5 13.7 7.5 13.4 9.7 14.8 8.8 13.5 10.5 15.2 8.5 17.7 7.0 17.4 8.5 70.7 8.5 END OUUET M5 END INLET N5 END INLET PARTICLE 70.8 8.0 73.7 9.0 ! x. < MIS- ( on 1 <-. ( s/ c 1O C N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N SIZE N N >cruD- ber aaper wsl- ion. wr- en t >pen 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 74 80 80 80 80 80 80 77 77 73 72 72 77 69 Scrubber Inlet pressure In. «.c. -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9 -O.8 -O.8 -1.2 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0 -1.7 -1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -O.7 -1.1 -1.0 -0.9 -O.9 -1.2 -1.3 Scrubber exhaust pres- ' sure. In. • .c. 9.7 .2 * * . , ^ .6 .7 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.0 Scrubber outlet tee*.. •F 60 60 55 SO 55 50 50 50 50 5O 55 55 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Shaft. rp» 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ».o 1.0' ' 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7 797 846 847 940 908 880 875 867 891 915 889 885 917 907 918 894 922 957 926 970 906 918 3 900 950 980 1050 1050 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1020 1070 4 947 989 IOO5 1085 1088 1068 1038 1010 1015 1062 1050 1045 1032 1049 1057 IO42 1054 1068 1052 1050 1049 IO42 Hea 5 1350 1250 1780 1320 1350 1350 1350 1350 1280 1320 1350 1350 1350 1350 1350 1350 1300 1300 13)0 1310 1350 1300 rth teaper 6 1371 1251 1311 1371 1409 1431 1392 1414 1798 1416 1408 1378 1382 1367 1391 1381 1345 1356 1382 1173 1402 1122 eture, T 7 1050 800 700 650 560 620 750 770 720 700 560 650 720 550 550 520 600 650 500 500 560 550 8 1048 773 675 627 521 568 709 737 703 675 530 620 681 507 510 488 557 623 472 445 532 510 10 294 283 763 244 209 2O9 209 209 208 197 182 174 174 166 163 161 163 164 168 161 155 153 11 150 160 160 I5O 150 ISO 160 160 160 160 160 150 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 12 153 163 164 164 160 160 161 160 161 161 161 161 160 160 160 160 160 161 162 163 161 160 ------- TABLE 5-6. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 6—INCINERATOR NO. 13, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 24, 1985 cn Tl«e 8:40 9:00 9:15 9:20 9:40 10:00 10:20 10:40 11:00 11:20 II :40 11:45 1:45 2:50 3:00 3:15 3:15 3:40 4:00 4:20 4:40 5:00 5:70 5:40 6:00 6:20 6:40 6:45 7:OO 7:05 Scrub- Hopper ber sludge Aui. daejper HCM coabus- post- rate, Mt tlon tlcxi, tons/h air, per- (6 eiln Oiygen, yes/ cent avg.) ( no open 70.4 10.0 N 48 19.3 10.0 N 63 START RUN NO. 6—1 HOUR DELAY 73.1 9.5 N 63 17.9 5.7 N 77 71.0 7.0 N 80 19.0 8.8 N 85 20.7 9.5 N 74 19.7 6.0 N 86 18.5 7.2 N 100 1.7 9.5 N 85 Scrubber CKhaust Scrubber pres- Scrubber Inlet sure, outlet pressure. In. D.C. -0.4 -1.0 In. t x.c. 8.5 9.5 DUE TO CALIBRATION OF -0.9 -0.9 - .1 - .3 - .2 - .1 - .1 -0.6 TESTING HALTED DUE TO BROKEN DRIVE CHAIN DRIVE CHAIN FIXED NATURAL GAS LOST TO BURNERS NATURAL GAS SUPPLY RETURNED RESUME TESTING 13.0 9.8 N 58 12.1 5.3 N 100 13.2 10. 5 N 60 9.1 10.5 N 60 11.7 9.5 N 85 9.8 10.0 N 59 17.5 10.0 N 59 11.6 10.0 N 59 13.5 17.0 N 59 12.8 9.0 N 60 15.8 10.5 N 59 OUTLET TESTING COMPLETED 15.1 9.0 N 59 INLET TESTING COMPLETED -0.3 -1.2 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 9.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 10.0 10.0 9.5 FOR SLUDGE 7.J 10.0 9.2 9.2 9.6 9.5 9.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 eap.. •F 65 60 SLUDGE 60 90 90 55 65 50 55 65 FEED 70 55 70 70 65 65 65 70 70 65 65 65 Shalt, rp- 1.0 1.0 SCALE .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.9 Hearth teaper 2 873 856 820 912 957 961 888 912 899 802 814 971 861 868 887 904 943 951 915 944 907 907 3 920 920 900 1000 1000 1100 1070 1050 • 1050 1000 930 1080 1000 1000 1000 1050 IOOO 1000 IOOO IOOO 1020 1010 4 940 953 934 1029 1044 1105 1055 1064 1095 1058 947 1085 1076 1014 1031 1078 1078 1032 1012 1079 1071 1080 1 IOOO 1320 1100 1360 1350 1180 1350 1350 1100 1500 1350 1650 1)00 1)90 1)80 1)10 1280 1JOO 1790 1250 1)50 1)50 6 ton 1431 1)14 1427 1412 1655 1423 1)63 1)9) 1546 1404 1698 1344 1410 14)6 1)87 1274 1)42 1244 1281 1402 1410 ature. 'F 7 771 500 570 1750 1200 850 850 950 1120 IOOO IOOO 1200 750 710 IOOO 780 630 150 900 690 690 950 8 696 476 546 1220 1192 818 824 954 1107 970 914 1182 742 715 964 767 600 499 475 677 596 919 10 758 737 209 209 283 265 241 245 364 375 286 273 412 3)5 25) 255 26) 247 2)4 246 234 279 11 150 150 190 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 150 150 150 150 190 160 150 150 160 150 17 160 15) 157 113 155 118 161 163 16) 166 16) 161 142 147 129 117 155 159 111 156 116 116 ------- TABLE 5-7. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 7--INCINERATOR NO. 13, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 25, 1985 en i o TIM :40 :00 :00 :20 :40 10:00 10:20 10:40 11:00 11:20 11:40 12:00 12:10 1:40 1:50 2:00 2:20 2:40 3:00 3:20 3:40 4:00 4:20 4:40 4:50 Hopper sludge Mm rate, wt tons/h (6 ain Oxygen avg.) t 12.4 8.5 15.6 10.0 BEGIN RUN NO. 13.9 6.0 9.0 9.0 13.? 7.0 10.2 7.5 16.0 8.5 13.6 8.0 12.4 6.5 13.9 7.5 13.9 7.5 END RUN 7A 15.8 10.5 Scrub- ber Au» . daaper COMHIS- posi- tion lloci. Scrubber air, per- Inlet yes/ cent pressure no open In. «.c. N N 7A-- «€AVY N N N N N N N N N N 77 77 ORGANICS 77 60 72 78 78 78 79 83 78 72 -0.9 -1.2 -0.9 -0.9 -t.l -1.2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -1.2 -1.3 -1.5 Scrubber e»haust prei- Scrubber sure, outlet In. tee*.. ".c. 9.6 10.0 9.8 9.3 10.0 10.0 9.6 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.0 10.0 •r 35 35 SO 60 31 JJ 60 60 n 39 SJ 63 Shift. rp» 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Hewth teeper 2 856 843 927 863 920 945 876 880 897 933 921 893 I 1000 950 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1050 4 1021 988 10S2 1019 1043 1029 1029 999 1000 1051 1027 1093 5 1400 1300 1490 1380 1450 1480 1400 1400 1430 1430 1480 1350 6 1437 1392 1944 1405 1506 1541 1410 1485 1490 1313 1964 1394 ature. T 7 1050 1000 1080 850 1150 900 820 950 1100 1000 880 780 8 1027 955 1076 828 1184 881 799 899 1075 992 837 761 10 267 230 280 287 243 263 273 243 241 319 327 242 11 160 160 150 150 160 160 160 160 160 160 150 160 17 155 152 133 133 158 138 154 160 160 160 161 163 BEGIN RUN 7B-- tCAVT ORGANICS 14.6 10.5 14.5 5.0 12.4 8.7 18.9 6.5 14.6 9.0 13.9 7.0 7.1 6.2 11.7 10.0 I2i7 9.0 END RUN 7B N N N N1 N N N N N 72 77 59 58 100 60 78 65 65 -1.6 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -1.4 -1.0 -1.3 -1.3 -1.2 10.0 9.8 9.2 9.4 10.0 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 70 30 70 60 65 63 60 70 70 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 759 936 836 863 830 898 924 872 880 1000 1020 1020 950 1000 1000 1050 1000 1060 1027 1063 1060 962 1012 1027 • 1112 1027 1093 1520 1300 1900 1180 1400 1350 1580 1390 1290 1611 1398 1566 1161 1479 1360 1633 1333 1270 1130 800 900 1400 1180 950 1020 850 800 1134 748 902 1278 1219 928 1024 816 781 228 372 478 357 317 329 263 269 244 150 ISO 160 170 160 180 170 170 160 132 162 161 178 175 170 173 172 169 ------- TABLE 5-8. -PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 8—INCINERATOR NO. 13, DETROIT. tllCHIGAN. JUNE 26, 1985 Scrub- Hopper ber sludge Aui. dMOer ScruMwr Mo* coebus- posl- exhaust rate, net tlon tion, Scrubber pres- Scrubber tons/h air, per- Inlat sure. outlet liee :00 :20 :50 :40 :OO :20 :40 10:00 10:20 10: JO 10:40 11:00 11:20 11:30 12:00 12:20 12:40 12:42 1:00 1:20 1:40 2:00 2:20 2:40 2:35 3:20 3:20 3:40 4:00 4:20 4:72 (6 «ln 0«ygen, yes/ cent pressure, in. avg.) t no open In. «.c. «.c. 14.1 9.) N 60 -I.I .) 11.1 7.7 N 60 -1.2 .) BEGIN RUN NO. BA--HEAVY ORGANIC* 14.4 10.0 N 60 -1.0 .) 14.8 8.0 N 60 -I.I .6 15.8 8.0 N 60 -1.0 .5 14.7 7.5 N 69 -1.0 .8 14.7 9.0 N 69 -1.2 .6 H.8 8. 5 N 69 -1.2 .8 INLEI SAMPLING COMPLETED (TESTING STOPPED AFTER 15.0 10.5 N 69 -1.2 10.0 12.6 9.3 N 70 -I.I 10.0 12.3 5.6 N 56 -1.1 9.5 COMPLETED OUTLET SAMPLING 15.8 a. 5 N 53 -1.0 9.3 12.3 4.9 N 53 -I.I 9.2 10.4 9.5 N 54 -1.2 9.2 BEGIN OUTLET VOST RUNS U.I a. 3 N 54 -I.I 9.2 13.9 7.5 N 55 -0.9 9.2 11.3 7.5 N 55 -1.0 9.2 12.5 8.7 N 55 -1.1 9.2 12.9 7.6 N 55 -I.I 9.3 II. a 7.0 N 55 -1.0 9.2 END OUTLET VOST RUNS WITH TENAX AND CHARCOAL— 3 11.6 8.5 N 55 -1.1 9.2 BEGIN OUTLET VOST RUNS HITH CHARCOAL ONLY— 2.20 9.1 7.5 N 60 -I.I 9.5 12.7 7.5 N 60 -I.I 9.5 11.7 a. 5 N 68 -1.3 9.7 END OUTLET VOST RUNS KIIH CHARCOAL ONLY teap •f 60 15 )) 60 60 55 60 60 2 HOURS 65 65 60 60 55 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 . Shaft. rp» 1.0 .1.0 1.0 1.0. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 (INSTEAD OF 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Hearth teapei 2 864 868 912 889 888 909 857 892 3) DUE 868 836 894 833 918 907 930 927 930 916 931 921 3 920 920 950 900 930 950 950 960 4 947 951 986 967 960 982 984 992 TO HIGH PRESSURE BUILDUP 980 92O 950 930 950 950 950 980 950 1000 1000 1000 996 956 980 942 1000 960 988 1009 994 1025 1093 1026 5 1400 1350 1350 1380 1350 1380 1350 1350 ACROSS 1350 1300 1350 1300 1400 1200 1280 1400 1350 1400 1400 1400 6 1426 1386 1369 1426 138) 1397 1359 1396 SAMPLING 1382 1288 1407 1298 1470 1179 1348 1443 1368 1436 1452 1467 •at ure. 'f 7 920 900 800 780 800 800 760 800 TRAIN) 750 730 900 840 1000 820 720 760 730 850 860 850 8 884 894 792 749 754 757 725 779 723 702 873 800 958 793 680 766 685 815 842 857 10 240 231 221 198 193 196 194 185 184 189 199 240 226 245 209 203 199 200 206 204 11 12 160 159 170 1)9 170 1)6 160 1)2 160 1)2 160 1)3 160 1)2 150 152 1)0 151 160 149 150 153 150 154 170 158 160 1)8 160 161 160 164 150 164 170 16) 17) 167 17) 168 .20 MINUTE RUNS 70 1.0 924 980 101) 1400 1428 1000 970 209 180 169 MINUTE RUNS 70 70 70 1.0 1.0 1.0 92) 907 894 1000 1000 950 102) 1028 9*7 1400 1400 1320 1466 1465 130) 870 850 860 8)2 826 852 204 203 194 170 169 170 169 170 169 ------- in i TABLE 5-9. PROCESS DATA FROM RUN NO. 9—INCINERATOR NO. 9. DETROIT, MICHIGAN. JUNE 27. 1985 i«e :00 :20 :40 :58 :00 :20 :40 0:00 0:20 0:40 1:00 l:?0 1:40 1:45 Hopper s 1 udgo f 1 01 rate, net tons/h (6 m\a avg.) 8.4 9.0 1?.' BEGIN VO' 17.7 12.3 14.0 13.8 IO.B 12.8 II. 8 17.8 11.4 END VOSI t Oxygen, I 10.0 8.} 10.0 U INLET H.5 10.5 9.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 8.5 9.5 8.5 INLEI Rl Au>. :oebus- tlon air. yes/ no N N Y RUNS N N N N N N N N N JNS Scrub- ber deeper posi- tion. per- cent open 69 69 70 61 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 < Scrubber Inlet pressure. In. «.c. -1.0 -1.2 -1 B| -I.I -I.I -1.0 -I.I -0.9 -i.o -0.9 -1.0 -0.9 Scrubber inhaust pres- sure. In. K.C. 10.5 IO.J 10.7 9.2 10.8 11.0 11.0 II. 0 II .0 II .0 II .0 tl.O Scrubbei outlet tee*. •r 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 to 10 10 Shift. rp» 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2 • 814 830 904 873 876 891 903 927 924 930 907 942 3 900 900 900 900 920 950 950 900 970 900 900 950 4 1028 1024 1050 1046 1039 990 1096 1025 1116 1055 1024 1080 H 5 1350 1350 1450 1430 1450 1400 1450 1400 1500 1400 1450 1450 earth t« 6 1336 1312 1430 1436 1439 1331 1426 1335 1534 1368 1401 1440 •peratur 7 1320 1550 1400 1170 1400 1250 1250 1300 1600 1300 1600 1450 ». 'f 8 12)9 1550 1388 1158 1100 1246 1224 1289 1596 1284 1610 1412 9 300 500 600 470 380 400 350 350 350 350 4OO 400 10 __ — — ~ — 338s 338 319 334 394 371 11 180 250 200 200 170 170 2OO 200 200 200 200 200 12 1)4 17) 170 163 1)4 1)7 167 168 166 170 168 169 'temperature probe repaired. ------- The start of Run 6 was delayed approximately 1 hour to calibrate the sludge feed scale. In addition, testing was halted during Run 6 for approximately 3.5 hours because of a broken sludge feed drive chain and a loss of natural gas feed. No problems were encountered during Run 7. During Run 8, the inlet heavy organics run was stopped after 2 hours, 1 hour short of scheduled completion, because of high pressure buildup across the sampling train. No problems were encountered during Run 9, which was the last run. 5.3 CONCLUSIONS All processes operated normally during emission testing. Personnel for the city of Detroit were very cooperative. 5-13 ------- |