v|EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 86-CAD-3
November 1986
Air
Cadmium
Screening
Study Test Report
Cadmium Sulfide
Pigments
SCM Corporation
Baltimore,
Maryland
-------
NESHAP DEVELOPMENT
CADMIUM EMISSION TESTING AT THE
SCM CORPORATION
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
June 1986
EPA Contract No. 86-02-4337
ESED Project No. 80/42
Work Assignment No. 1
CAD-3 Baltimore, MD
TRC Project No. 3497-E81-90
Prepared for:
Michael Toney, EPA/EMB
Ta5k Manager
Prepared By
John H. Powell
Work Assignment Manager
Richard A. Pirolli
Project Engineer
August 1986
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Summary of Process 2
1.3 Applicability of EPA Reference Test Methods .... 2
1.3.1 EPA Method 5 Configuration Modified for Cadmium . 2
1.4 Measurement Program Summary 3
1.5 Report Sections 4
2.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 5
2.1 Tray Dryer 5
2.1.1 Cadmium Emissions 5
2.1.2 Stack Emissions 8
2.1.3 Visible Emissions 8
2.2 Baghouse Outlet 8
2.2.1 Cadmium Emission 8
2.2.2 Stack Conditions 15
2.2.3 Visible Emissions 15
2.3 Trace Metals 15
3.0 PROCESS AND OPERATIONS (Provided by MRI) 21
3.1 General Process Description 21
3.1.1 Process Equipment 21
3.1.2 Control Equipment 22
4.0 SCOPE OF SAMPLING PROGRAM 24
4.1 Tray Dryer 24
4.2 Crushing, Grinding, Blending, and Packing 24
4.3 Visible Emission Observations (Method 9) 28
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 32
5.1 EPA Method 5 Configuration Modified for Cadmium . . 32
5.2 Sample Recovery 34
5.3 Sample Analyses 36
5.4 Visible Emissions Observation 38
6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE 39
-111-
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APPENDICES
A EXAMPLE EQUATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
A.I Cadmium
B FIELD DATA SHEETS
B.I EPA Method 5
B.I.I Baghouse Outlet
B.I.2 Tray Dryer
C SAMPLING LOGS
C.I Daily Summary Log
C.2 Sampling Task Logs
C.3 Sample ID Log
C.4 Chain of Custody Forms
C.5 Crew Chief Field Operation Log
C.6 Recovery Sample Sheet
C.7 Train Operators Field Log
D VISIBLE EMISSIONS
D.I Observer Certification
D.2 Visible Emissions Field Data Sheets
D.2.1 Baghouse Visible Emissions
D.2.2 Tray Dryer Visible Emissions
E CALIBRATION DATA
E.I Summary of Equipment Used During Testing
E.2 Orifices, Dry Gas Meter
E.3 Pitot Tubes
E.4 Nozzles
F SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
F.I EPA Method 5 Modified for Cadmium
F.2 EPA Method 9 (Visible Emissions)
G LABORATORY ANALYSIS DATA
G.I Cadmium
G.2 Trace Metals
G.3 Baghouse Dust
H PARTICULATE
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
2-1 Summary of Visible Emissions from the Tray Dryesr SCM Corp . . 10
2-2 Summary of Visible Emissions from the Tray Dryer SCM Corp . . 11
2-3 Summary of Visible Emissions from the Tray Dry€>r SCM Corp . . 12
2-4 Summary of Visible Emissions from the Baghouse Outlet .... 17
2-5 Summary of Visible Emissions from the Baghouse Outlet .... 18
2-6 Summary of Visible Emissions from the Baghouse Outlet .... 19
4-1 Tray Dryer Outlet 25
4-2 Sample and Velocity Traverse for Stationary Sources 26
4-3 Baghouse Outlet 27
4-4 Sample and Velocity Traverse for Stationary Sources 29
4-5 Observers Location Visible Emission SCM Corporation
Tray Dryer 30
4-6 Observers Location Visible Emission SCM Corporation
Baghouse Outlet 31
5-1 Modified EPA Cadmium Sampling Train
(August 18,1977 Federal Register) 33
5-2 Schematic of Sample Analyses 37
-v-
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2-la Summary of Uncontrolled Cadmium Emissions SCM Corp
Tray Dryer June 1986 6
2-lb Summary of Uncontrolled Cadmium Emissions SCM Corp
Tray Dryer June 1986 7
2-2 Summary of Visible Emissions SCM Corp Tray Dryer June 1986 . 9
2-3a Summary of Controlled Cadmium Emissions SCM Corp
Baghouse Outlet June 1986 13
2-3b Summary of Controlled Cadmium Emissions SCM Corp
Baghouse Outlet June 1986 14
2-4 Summary of Visible Emissions SCM Corp Baghouse Outlet June 1986 16
2-5 Trace Metals SCM Corp June 1986 20
-vi-
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PREFACE
The work described herein was conducted by personnel from TRC
Environmental Consultants, Inc., Midwest Research Institute (MRI), the United
States Environmental Protection Agency Emission Measurement Branch (EPA/EMB)
and SCM Corporation in Baltimore, Maryland.
The scope of work was issued under EPA Contract 68-02-4337. Work
Assignment 1. The work was performed under the supervision of John H. Powell,
TRC Work Assignment Manager, and Richard A. Pirolli, TRC Field Team Leader.
Mark Turner of MRI monitored process operations. MRI was responsible for
preparing Section 3 of this report, which deals with process descriptions and
operations. Robert Mohr, Manager of Maintenance and Engineering for SCM,
provided invaluable assistance and guidance to TRC, EPA and MRI in the
performance of the test program. Michael Toney, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS), Emission Measurement Branch, EPA, served as
Task Manager and was responsible for coordinating the test program.
-vi i-
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Section 112 of the Clean Air Act of 1977 charges the administrator of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with the responsibility of
establishing National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
that may significantly contribute to air pollution. When promulgated, these
standards of performance are to reflect the degree of emission limitation
achievable through application of the best demonstrated emission control
technology. Emission data collected from controlled sources in the cadmium
industry may provide a portion of the data base used by EPA to develop a
NESHAP.
The EPA Industrial Studies Branch (ISB) selected SCM Corporation in
Baltimore, Maryland, as a site for an emission test program because there is
no data currently available to quantify cadmium emissions accurately from
operations used in cadmium sulfide pigment manufacturing plants. The test
program was designed to develop controlled and uncontrolled emission factors
for cadmium sulfide pigment production.
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc. was retained by the EPA Emission
Measurement Branch (EMB) to perform emission measurements at the SCM
Corporation in Baltimore, Maryland. Testing was performed on the tray dryer
stack and the crusher, blender, milling, and packaging baghouse stack. This
report has been prepared in accordance with EPA Contract No. 68-02-4337 under
the provisions of Work Assignment No. 1.
Midwest Research Institute (MRI), the NESHAP contractor, was responsible
for coordinating the overall test program with SCM personnel and for assuring
that process and control equipment operating conditions were suitable for
testing. Related process data were monitored and recorded by MRI.
-1-
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1.2 Summary of Process
From the basic raw materials of cadmium, selenium, sodium sulfide, barium
sulfide, and zinc sulfate, the SCM plant produces red and yellow cadmium
pigments for use in specialty papers, plastics and resins, coating, porcelain,
glass enamels, and glazes. All feeds are mixed and reacted in the striking
operation. The resulting slurry is then filtered, and the cake is dried, the
pigment crystal is grown in the calcining operation and sized in the wet
milling operation. the resulting slurry is the homogenized and filtered. The
pigment cake is dried, milled, and blended to achieve the desired shade.
1.3 Applicability of EPA Reference Test Methods
EPA is required to publish a national reference test method for each
regulated source category and pollutant for which a National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants is established. Reference test methods
are usually specified by a state regulatory agency during the State
Implementation Planning process and may be different from national reference
test methods.
The purpose of establishing a national reference test method is to ensure
that emission data collected from a specific source is representative of that
source and comparable to data collected at other designated sources. The
primary purpose of this test program was to collect emission data using
standardized test methods which will allow the data to be evaluated to develop
a NESHAP. One modified configuration of EPA Method 5 was identified to
measure emissions from cadmium pigment production. This method is briefly
described in the following subsection and is described in detail in Section 5.
1.3.1 EPA Method 5 Configurations Modified for Cadmium
Cadmium sampling was performed by using a modification of the standard EPA
Method 5 train.: This modification consisted of placing flexible Teflon
-2-
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tubing between the filter and the impingers and the use of 5% Nitric acid
solution in the first two impingers.
Five percent Nitric acid is used as the impinger solution because metals
are readily soluble in Nitric acid and also Nitric eicid increases capture
efficiency. It should be noted that the flexible line was used because of a
particularly difficult sampling location and would not normally be a component
of a cadmium sampling train.
1.4 Measurement Program Summary
The measurement program was conducted at the SCM Corporation in Baltimore,
Maryland during the week of June 23, 1986. Tests were performed at the tray
dryer stack and the baghouse outlet.
All emission testing was performed by TRC. MRI personnel monitored
process operating conditions. Michael Toney of EMB observed the test program.
Preliminary Measurements
Preliminary testing was performed at each source on June 23, 1986 to
determine volumetric flowrate and stack gas moisture content. An integrated
gas sample was also taken to determine concentrations of COa, Oz, and CO,
which were found to be ambient. Stack diameter and the sampling port
configuration were confirmed at this time.
Method 5 Configurations Modified For Cadmium
Six Method 5 tests modified for cadmium were performed, three tests on the
tray dryer and three tests on the baghouse. Testing at each location was
performed on June 24, 25 and 26, 1986.
1 Code of Federal Regulations 40, Part 60 Appendix A, July, 81.
-3-
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Method 9 - Visible Emissions
Visible emissions from the baghouse outlet and the tray dryer were
observed concurrently with each Method 5 modified for cadmium test.
Cadmium Dust
One sample of cadmium pigment dust was taken from the baghouse catch
during Test 2 for trace metal analysis.
1.5 Report Sections
The remaining sections of this report present the Summary and Discussion
of Results (Section 2), Process Description and Operations (Section 3),
Description of Sampling Locations (Section 4), Sampling and Analytical
Procedures (Section 5), and Quality Assurance (Section 6). Methods and
procedures, field and laboratory data, and calculations are presented in
various appendices as noted in the Table of Contents.
-4-
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2.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
A summary of all emission measurements and collected data is presented in
this section. Section 2.1 presents cadmium, and visible emission results
collected at the tray dryer and a complete breakdown and discussion of
parameters. Cadmium, and visible emission results collected at the baghouse
outlet are presented in Section 2.2. Section 2.3 presents results of the
trace metals and baghouse dust.
2.1 Tray Dryer
A total of three tests were conducted at the tray dryer using a Method 5
sampling train configuration modified for cadmium. It should be noted that
during the first test, the pigment dried faster than expected so it was dried
longer than necessary in order to obtain sufficient time for the test run.
The test time was shortened to 4 hours from the proposed 8 hour test run. All
tests were acceptale with a leak rate of <0.02 cfm and 100 ± 10 percent
isokinesis.
2.1.1 Cadmium Emissions
Tables 2. la (English Units) and 2.1b (Metric Units) present a summary of
measured cadmium emissions from the tray dryer.
The average total cadmium emission rate was 1.82 x 10~4 Ib/hr (2.29 x
10"s g/sec) and ranged from 1.45 x 10~4 Ib/hr (1.33 x 10"s g/sec) to
2.31 x 10~4 Ib/hr (2.90 x 10"s g/sec). The average total cadmium
concentration was 1.63 x 10 ~s gr/DSCF (37.28 ug/NM3) and ranged from
1.31 x 10"s gr/DSCF (29.98 ug/NM3) to 2.05 x 10"5 gr/DSCF (46.95
ug/NM3). All significant cadmium concentrations and emission rates were
collected in the front half of the sampling train.
-5-
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TABLE 2-la (ENGLISH UNITS)
SUMMARY OF UNCONTROLLED CADMIUM EMISSIONS
SCM CORP
TRAY DRYER
JUNE 1986
TEST NO.
DATE
TIME
Sample Conditions
Volume (DSCF)1
Front Half Catch (ug)
Back Half Catch (ug)
Total Catch (ug)
Isokinesis (%)
Stack Conditions
Flowrate (DSCFM)
Temperature (°F)
Moisture (%)
Oxygen (%)
Opacity (%)
Cadmium Emissions
Front Half
Concentration (gr/DSCF)
Mass Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
Back Half
Concentration (gr/DSCF)
Mass Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
TOTAL
Concentration (gr/DSCF)
Mass Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
1
6/24/86
1207-1625
128.41
121.4
5.70
127.10
106.6
1290
146
3.0
20.9
0
1.46 x 10"s
1.61 x 10'4
6.85 x 10'7
7.58 x 10"6
1.53 x 10's
1.69 x 10'4
2
6/25/86
0811-1621
250.10
209.0
3.25
212.25
106.2
1290
139
1.2
20.9
0
1.29 x 10"s
1.43 x 10~"
2.01 x 10~7
2.22 x 10"6
1.31 x 10"s
1.45 x 10'"
3
6/26/86
0817-1630
250.21
326.0
6.85
332.85
105.1
1310
134
1.4
20.9
0
2.01 x 10"s
2.26 x 10"4
4.23 x 10"7
4.74 x 10"6
2.05 x 10"s
2.31 x 10'"
AVG.
1300
140
1.9
20.9
0
1.59 x
1.77 x
4.36 x
4.85 x
1.63 x
1.82 x
io-s
10-'
io-7
io-6
ID'5
io-4
Standard conditions: 29.92 in Hg @ 68°F
-------
TABLE 2-lb (METRIC UNITS)
SUMMARY OF UNCONTROLLED CADMIUM EMISSIONS
SCM CORP
TRAY DRYER
JUNE 1986
TEST NO.
DATE
TIME
Sample Conditions
Volume (MM3)1
Front Half Catch (jag)
Back Half Catch (ug)
Total Catch (ug)
Isokinesis {%)
Stack Conditions
Flowrate (NM3/min)
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (%)
Oxygen (%)
Opacity (%)
Cadmium Emissions
Front Half
Concentration (ug/NM3)
Mass Emission Rate (g/sec)
BacK Half
Concentration (ug/NM3)
Mass Emission Rate (g/sec)
TOTAL
Concentration (ug/NM3)
Mass Emission Rate (g/sec)
1
6/24/86
1207-1625
3.64
121.4
5.70
127.10
106.6
36.53
63
3.0
20.9
0
33.35
2.03 x 10"s
1.57
9.50 x 10"7
34.92
2.13 x 10"s
2
6/25/86
0811-1621
7.08
209.0
3.25
212.25
106.2
36.53
59
1.2
20.9
0
29.52
1.80 x 10'5
0.459
2.80 x 10~7
29.98
1.83 x 10's
3 AVG.
6/26/86
0817-1630
7.09
326.0
6.85
332.85
105.1
37.10 36.72
57 60
1.4 1.9
20.9 20.9
0 0
45.98 36.28
2.84 x 10"s 2.22 x 10"s
0.966 0.998
6.00 x 10"7 6.10 x 10"7
46.95 37.28
2.90 x 10~s 2.29 x 10's
Standard conditions: 760 mm Hg @ 20°C
-------
2.1.2 Stack Conditions
Stack conditions at the tray dryer were consistent. The average
volumetric flow rate measured exiting the tray dryer was 1300 DSCFM and ranged
from 1290 DSCFM to 1310 DSCF. The average stack temperature was 140°F and
ranged from 146°F to 134°F. The tray dryer exhaust gas had an average
moisture content of 1.9% and ranged from 3.0% for the first test to 1.2% for
the second test.
2.1.3 Visible Emissions
A summary of visible emission observations from the tray dryer is
presented in Table 2-2. Average opacities are presented for 6 minute time
periods during each two hour observation. The average opacity was 0% for all
three tests. These 6-minute average opacities are presented graphically in
Figures 2-1 through 2-3.
2.2 Baghouse Outlet
A total of three tests were performed at the ba.ghouse outlet using a
Method 5 sampling train modified for cadmium. All tests were 8 hours long to
obtain a sufficient amount of sample catch. All tests were acceptable with a
leak rate of <0.02cfm and 100± 10 percent isokinesis.
2.2.1 Cadmium Emission
Tables 2-3a (English Units) and 2-3b (Metric Units) present a summary of
measured cadmium emissions from the baghouse outlet. The average total
cadmium emission rate was 1.54 x 10~4 Ib/hr (1.94 x 10"5 g/sec) and ranged
from 1.20 x 10~4 Ib/hr (1.52 x 10"s g/sec) to 2.16 x 10"4 Ib/hr (2.72 x
10"s g/sec).
-8-
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TABLE 2-2
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
SCM CORP
TRAY DRYER
JUNE 1986
. TEST
Six Minute
Time Period
1159-1205
1205-1211
1211-1217
1217-1223
1223-1229
1229-1235
1235-1241
1241-1247
1247-1253
1253-1259
STOP TEST
1437-1443
1443-1449
1449-1445
1455-1501
1501-1507
1507-1513
1513-1519
1519-1525
1525-15311
1531-1537
AVG.
NO. 1
Average
Opacity(%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TEST
Six Minute
Time Period
0820-0826
0826-0832
0832-0838
0838-0844
0844-0850
0850-0856
0856-0902
0902-0908
0908-0914
0914-0920
STOP TEST
1040-1046
1046-1052
1052-1058
1058-1104
1104-1110
1110-1116
1116-1122
1122-1128
1128-1134
1134-1140
AVG.
NO. 2
Average
Opacity(%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TEST NO
Six Minute
Time Period
1015-1021
1021-1027
1027-1033
1033-1039
1039-1045
1045-1051
1051-1057
1057-1103
1103-1109
1109-1115
STOP TEST
1225-1231
1231-1237
1237-1243
1243-1249
1249-1255
1255-1301
1301-1307
1307-1313
1313-1319
1319-1325
AVG.
. 3
Average
Opacity(%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-9-
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15
TEST 1 - 6/24/86
ct
a.
o
o
et
C£.
UJ
TL.
i
<£>
10
STOPPED READINGS
AT DRYER
0
1159
1217
1235
1253
1437
1455
1513
1531
TIME
Figure 2-1. Summary of Visible Emissions
SCM Corp., Baltimore, MD
from the Tray Dryer
-10-
-------
15
TEST 2 - 6/25/86
10
a.
o
CJ
«r
a:
UJ
STOPPED READINGS
AT DRYER
820
838
856
914 920
1040
1058
1116
1134 1140
TIME
Figure 2-2. Summary of Visible Emissions from the Tra> Dryer
SCM Corp., Baltimore, MD
-l 1-
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15|~ TEST 3 - 6/26/86
>-
h-
§ 10
o.
o
c:
et
STOPPED READINGS °
AT DRYER
1015 1033 1051 1109 1115 1225 1243 1301 1319
TIME
Figure 2-3.- Summary of Visible Emissions from Tray Dryer
SCM Corp., Baltimore, MD
-12-
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TABLE 2-3a (ENGLISH UNITS)
SUMMARY OF CONTROLLED CADMIUM EMISSIONS
SCM CORP
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
JUNE 1986
TEST NO.
DATE
TIME
Sample Conditions
Volume (DSCF)1
Front Half Catch (ug)
Back Half Catch (ug)
Total Catch (ug)
Isokinesis (%)
Stack Conditions
Flowrate (DSCFM)
Temperature (°F)
Moisture (%)
Oxygen (%)
Opacity (%)
Cadmium Emissions
Front Half
Concentration (gr/DSCF)
Mass Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
BacK Half
Concentration (gr/DSCF)
Mass Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
TOTAL
Concentration (gr/DSCF)
Mass Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
1
6/24/86
0835-1643
291.11
185.0
5.15
190.15
101.2
2500
91
2.0
20.9
0
9.81 x 10"6
2.10 x 10~4
2.70 x 10 7
5.85 x 10"6
1.01 x 10's
2.16 x 10"4
2
6/25/86
0830-1645
319.75
109.0
1.55
110.55
100.8
2750
91
0.6
20.9
0
5.26 x 10"6
1.24 x 10~4
7.00 x 10"8
1.76 x 10"6
5.34 x 10~6
1.26 x 10~4
3
6/26/86
0813-1656
319.14
103.0
3.85
106.85
101.8
2720
90
1.1
20.9
0
4.98 x 10"6
1.16 x 10~4
1.90 x 10"7
4.34 x 10"6
5.17 x 10"6
1.20 x 10'4
AVG.
2660
91
1.2
20.9
0
6.68 x 10'6
1.50 x 10'4
1.80 x 10"7
3.98 x 10"6
6.87 x 10"6
1.54 x 10"4
Standard Conditions: 29.92 in Hg @ 68°F
-------
TABLE 2-3b (METRIC UNITS)
SUMMARY OF CONTROLLED CADMIUM EMISSIONS
SCM CORP
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
JUNE 1986
TEST NO.
DATE
TIME
Sample Conditions
Volume (MM3)1
Front Half Catch (ug)
Back Half Catch (ug)
Total Catch (ug)
Isokinesis (%)
Stack Conditions
Flowrate (NM3/min)
Temperature (°C)
Moisture (%)
Oxygen (%)
Opacity (%)
Cadmium Emissions
Front Half
Concentration (ug/NM3)
Mass Emission Rate (g/sec)
BacK Half
Concentration (ug/NM3)
Mass Emission Rate (g/sec)
TOTAL
Concentration (ug/NM3)
Mass Emission Rate (g/sec)
1
6/24/86
0835-1643
8.24
185.0
5.15
190.15
101.2
70.80
33
2.0
20.9
0
22.45
2.65 x 10"s
0.625
7.38 x 10'7
23.08
2.72 x 10~s
2
6/25/86
0830-1645
9.06
109.0
1.55
110.55
100.8
77.88
33
0.6
20.9
0
12.03
1.56 x 10"5
0.171
2.22 x 10"7
12.20
1.58 x 10"5
3 AVG.
6/26/86
0813-1656
9 . 04
103.0
3.85
106.85
101.8
77.03 75.24
32 33
1.1 1.2
20.9 20.9
0 0
11.39 15.29
1.46 x 10"5 1.89 x 10~s
0.426 0.407
5.47 x 10"7 5.02 x 10~7
11.82 15.70
1.52 x 10"5 1.94 x 10"s
Standard Conditions: 760 mm Hg @ 20°C
-------
The average total cadmium concentration was 6.87 x 10"6 gr/DSCF (15.70
ug/NM3) and ranged from 5.17 x 10"6 gr/DSCF (11.82 ug/NM3) to 1.01 x
10"s gr/DSCF (23.08 ug/NM3). All significant cadmium concentrations and
emission rates were collected in the front half of the sampling train.
2.2.2 Stack Conditions
Stack conditions at the baghouse oultet were consistent. An averge
volumetric flowrate of 2660 DSCFM of exhaust gas was measured exiting the
baghouse at 91°F, 1.2% moisture and 20.9% oxygen. The temperatures were
consistent with a temperature of 91°F for the first test and 91°F and 90°F for
Tests 2 and 3, respectively. The moisture content ranged from 2.0% to 0.6%.
2.2.3 Visible Emissions
A summary of visible emission observations from the baghouse outlet is
presented in Table 2-4. Average opacities are presented for 6-minute time
periods during each two hour observation. The average opacity was 0% for all
three tests. These 6-minute average opacities are presented graphically in
figures 2-4 through 2-6.
2.3 Trace Metals
One sample and blank per set of tests, and cadmium pigment dust were
analyzed for trace metals by Atomic Absorption. The trace metals analyzed for
were barium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel and
zinc. Mercury was not analyzed due to the different digestion procedure.
Table 2-5 presents a summary of trace metals. Sample train results were
corrected for field and/or laboratory blanks. Trace metals in the field
blanks were high. This may be caused from the nitric acid rinse of the
nozzles.
-15-
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TABLE 2-4
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
SCM CORP
BAGHOUSE OUTLET
JUNE 1986
TEST
Six Minute
Time Period
1020-1026
1025-1032
1032-1038
1038-1044
1044-1050
1050-1056
1056-1102
1102-1108
1108-1114
1114-1120
STOP TEST
1327-1333
1333-1339
1339-1345
1345-1351
1351-1357
1357-1403
1403-1409
1409-1415
1415-14121
1421-1427
AVG.
NO. 1
Average
Opacity(%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TEST
Six Minute
Time Period
0920-0926
0926-0932
0932-0938
0938-0944
0944-0950
0950-0956
0956-1002
1002-1008
1008-1014
1014-1020
1020-1026
1026-1032
STOP TEST
1255-1301
1301-1307
1307-1313
1313-1319
1319-1325
1325-1331
1331-1337
1337-1343
1343-1349
AVG.
NO. 2
Average
Opacity(%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TEST NO
Six Minute
Time Period
0910-0916
0916-0922
0922-0928
0928-0934
0934-0940
0940-0946
0946-0952
0952-0958
0958-1004
1004-1010
1010-1016
1016-1022
STOP TEST
1328-1334
1334-1340
1340-1346
1346-1352
13152-1358
1358-1404
1401-1410
1410-1416
1416-1422
AVG.
. 3
Average
Opacity(%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-16-
-------
15
0.
O
O
«t
o:
UJ
ff.
10
TEST 1 - 6/24/86
STOPPED OPACITY READINGS
AT BAGHOUSE
0
1020
1038
1056
1114 1120
1327
1345
1403
1421 1427
TIME
Figure 2-4. Summary of Visible Emissions from the Baghouse Outlet
SCM Corp., Baltimore, MD
-17-
-------
15 TEST 2 - 6/25/86
5 10
et
O_
O
-------
15 r TEST 3 - 6/26/86
_
£ 10
o
C£
UJ
ec
^ 5
s:
STOPPED READINGS
AT BAGHOUSE
0910 0928 0946 1004 1022 1328 1346 1404 1422
TIME
Figure 2-6. Summary of Visible Emissions from the Baghouse Outlet
SCM Corp., Baltimore, MD
-19-
-------
to
o
TABLE 2-5
SUMMARY OF TRACE METALS
SCM CORPORATION
JUNE 1986
Sample
Location
Barium (ug)
Cadmium (ug)2
Chromium (ug)
Copper (ug)
Iron (ug)
Lead (ug)
Magnesium (ug)
Manganese (ug)
Nickel (ug)
Zinc (ug)
Blank 1
Baghouse
nd3<50
—
215
18
834
nd <46
89
50
53
nd<10
Run 1
Baghouse
80
—
184
32
1030
nd<46
209
40
71
11500
Blank 1
Dryer
nd<50
—
241
11
1320
nd<46
119
54
77
nd<10
Run 1
Dryer
80
—
2530
88
8900
nd<46
283
198
616
14800
Dust
10.9 mg/g
574 mg/g
nd<0.1 mg/g
nd<0.08 mg/g
0.15 mg/g
nd<0.46mg/g
0.328 mg/g
nd<0.07 mg/g
nd<0.14mg/g
29.8 mg/g
HN03
Blank
nd<25
—
nd<5
nd<4
nd<7
nd<23
4.1
nd<4
nd<7
30
Lab
Blank
nd<25
—
nd<5
nd<4
nd<7
nd<23
2.7
nd<4
nd<7
nd<0.9
1 Sample train results corrected for field and/or lab blank
2 Cadmium considered major metal. Refer to Tables 2-1 and 2-3 for cadmium results
Non Detected
-------
3.0 PROCESS AND OPERATIONS
3.1 General Process Description
From the basic raw materials of cadmium, selenium, sodium sulfide, barium
sulfide, and zinc sulfate, the SCM plant produces red and yellow cadmium
pigments for use in specialty papers, plastics and resins, coatings,
porcelain, glass enamels, and glazes. Finished pigment is of two types—pute
and cadmolith. All feeds are mixed and reacted in the striking operation.
The resulting slurry is them filtered, and the cake, referred to as greencake,
is dried in a tray dryer. If the greencake is a cadmolith material, it is
broken into a uniform size in the crushing operation. The pure material is
not as hard as the cadmolith material and does not require crushing prior to
calcination. The pigment crystal is grown in the calcining operation and
sized in the wet milling operation. The resulting slurry is the homogenized
and filtered. The pigment cake is dried, milled, and blended to achieve the
desired shade. At the time of the test, the plant was processing pure cadmium
pigments through the tray dryer and both pure and cadmolith pigments through
the dry processing steps.
3.1.1 Process Equipment
1. Tray dryers
Filtered cake material is dried in tray dryers. A recirculating fan
located on top of each dryer recycles the hot (90 to 115 degrees C [175 to 240
degrees F]) air in the dryer. Moisture-free, makeup air is drawn into the
dryers to aid in drying.
2. Crushing, grinding, blending, and packaging.
In preparation for calcination, dried cadmolith pigment cake is broken
into uniform sizes in a crushed designed like a ribbon blender. The dry
greencake material from the drying trays is dumped into the crusher hopper by
-21-
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a feeder mechanism that automatically tips each tray over. The lumps of
greencake are about 2.5 cm (1 in.) in diameter before crushing. The ribbon
blender apparatus inside the crusher reduces the size of the lumps to about
1.3 cm (0.5 in.) for calzining. The crushed cake is; packed in 210-liter
(55-gal) frums for transfer to the calciners.
3.1.2 Control Equipment
There are no control devices on the tray dryer outlets. The feeder
mechanism, crusher, and packaging operations are all ducted to a baghouse
located outside the Color plant building. The feeder mechanism is enclosed
during the tray-tipping operation, and there is a 10-cm (4-in.) flexible duct
for capture of any fugitive emissions that may leak from this operation. The
flexible duct connects to a 15-cm (6-in.) diameter metal duct located about
0.6 m (2 ft) above the feed hopper. A similar flexible duct draws any
fugitive emissions from the packaging point to the main baghouse duct. The
main duct to the baghouse is approximately 15 cm (6 in.) in diameter. The
auxiliary ducts from feeding and packaging merge with the main duct before
exiting the building.
The dried pigment is ground in a hammermill prior to finish blending. The
milled product is collected in a MikroPul® bag collector equipped with a
traveling ring system that continually knocks the powder off the bags into the
packaging system. If no blending is required, the pigment is packed in 23-,
46- or 180-kilogram (kg) (50-, 100-, or 400-pound [lb]) cans with polyethylene
liners. If the pigment shade needs to be adjusted to meet customer
specifications, the pigment is packed in 210-^ (55-gal) drums and
transferred to a paddle blender. Weighed quantities of other pigments are
added to achieve the proper blend. After blending, the finished pigment is
either packaged in cans or ground in the hammermill again.
-22-
-------
The dry milling operation associated with the processing of dry yellow
cadmium pigment is also ducted to the baghouse located outside the Color plant
building. Fugitive emissions from the following yellow pigment operations are
also controlled by the baghouse: (1) the crusher tray dumper/feeder
mechanism; (2) the dry mill tray dumper; (3) loading and unloading of the
calciners; (4) loading of the wet processing system; and (5) packaging
associated with the crusher, dry mill, and blender.
-23-
-------
4.0 SCOPE OF SAMPLING PROGRAM
This section presents a description of each sample location. The baghouse
was sampled for eight hours for each test. The tray dryer was sampled for 8
hours for Tests 2 and 3 but only 4 hours for Test 1 due to the pigment drying
quicker than expected.
4.1 Tray Dryer
Prior to emission testing, the flowrate of the tray dryer stack was
measured in accordance with EPA Methods 1 and 2. Duct measurements were
verified at this time.
Cadmium samples were collected in a 10x14 inch rectangular duct. Three
3-inch sample ports were placed in the duct. Figure 4-1 presents the sample
port configuration. Sample point A indicates the Method 5 sampling location.
According to EPA Method 1, 12 traverse points were required. Two traverses
were performed in each port with each traverse point sampled for 10 minutes
for a total test run of 8 hours for Tests 2 and 3. Test 1 sampling time was
shortened to 4 hours with the first port traversed twice, and the second port
traversed once at 10 minutes per point. EPA Method 1, Sampling and Velocity
Traverse sheet is presented in Figure 4-2.
4.2 Crushing, Grinding, Blending and Packing Baghouse
Prior to emission testing, routine preliminary measurements were conducted
as described in Section 4.1.
Cadmium samples were collected in two ports positioned 90° apart and
located 2 feet (2 diameters) upstream from the exhaust and 8 feet (8
diameters) down stream from a bend. The location of the sampling ports are
presented in Figure 4-3.
-24-
-------
SAMPLE POINT B
14"
10"
14"
I
48"
DUCT CROSS-SECTION
24"'
72"
SAMPLE POINT A
o
EXTENSION (proposed)
24"
EXISTING
DUCT
SHED
Figure 4-1. Tray Dryer Outlet
-25-
-------
Environmental
Consultants. Inc.
EPA Method 1
Figure 4-2
Sample and Velocity Traverse
for Stationary Sources
SCM CORPORATION
Trav Drer
Diameters Upstream 2__
Diameters Downstream—L
Total Traverse Points Required.
Number of Ports . '
Points Per Port
Traverse ( Horizontal or Vertical) Horizontal
rHINIMUM NUMBER OF TRAVERSE POINTS FOR PARTICULATE
AND NONPART1CULATE TRAVERSES
Duct Diameters Upstream from Flow Disturbance
(Distance A)
0.5
1.0
1.5
50
40
30
20
10
i i i i i i i
MtBHIft NUMf fft It »0ft
HICTAMOULAH tTACU 0* OUCTI
— «
" x-PARTICULATE
24 er 28 f
1 20
16 I ig rrACKDw
V" JM |
^NONPARTICULATE
\
T
•
I^BBI
i
^
>**lrt|M
oirruMANCi
12
*J
I 8 or 9
HACK DIAMITIN »ejO TO O.C1 • |1M« IO
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Duct Diameters Downstream from Flow Disturbance
(Distance 6)
xLOCATION OF TRAVERSE POINTS IN CIRCULAR STACKS
Point
Number
On A
Diameter '
. 1
2
3 -
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 '•
(Percent of stack diameter from
Inside wall to traverse point)
Number Of Traverse Points On A Diameter
46 8 10 12
6.7 4.4
25.0 14.6
75.0 29.6
93.3 70.4
85.4
95.6
3.2
10.5
19.4
32.3
6*7.7
80.6
89.5
96.8
2.6 2.1
8.2 6.7
14.6 11.8
22.6 17.7
34.2 25.0
65.8 35.6
77.4 64.4
85.4 75.0
91.8 82.3
97.4 88.2
93.3
97.9
Sample
Port
--C
14"
eq
1.67
t
1
i
CROSS-SECTIONAL LAYOUT
FOR RECTANGULAR STACKS
Total
Traverse Points Matrix
9 3x3 •
'. 12 4x3
16 .4x4
20 5x4 :
25 5x5 '
'TRAVERSE POINT LOCATIONS
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Distance
From Wall
0.67
2.50
7.50
9.33 i
•
Nipple
Size
•
r
• Total
Distance
i
-------
SAMPLE POINT B
SAMPLE POINT A
2'
8'
ELEVATION
Figure 4-3. Baghouse Outlet
-27-
-------
According to EPA Method 1, 8 traverse points were sampled at this location. A
total of three traverses were performed in each port with each traverse point
sampled for 10 minutes for a total test run of 8 hours. Sampling port and
traverse point locations are presented in Figure 4-4. Triplicate 8 hour runs
were performed using a modified EPA Method 5 configuration sampling train.
Probe and filter temperatures were maintained at 1!50°F ± 10°. Percent
moisture in the stack was calculated by using the wet bulb-dry bulb method.
4.3 Visible Emission Observations (Method 9)
Visible emission observations were conducted in accordance with EPA
Method 9. Observations were performed at the tray dryer stack and the
baghouse stack separately. Each source was observed for two hours during
Method 5 testing. The observers location for the tray dryer and baghouse
stacks is presented in Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6, respectively.
-28-
-------
Environmental
EPA Method 1 Sample and Velocity Traverse
Fi
" e.n • 124 uj
12
I 8 or 9
CJO TO C.fl m (1M4 UJ
I 1
8 9 10
Disturbance
JLAR STACKS
ter from
e point)
On A Diameter
10 12
2.6 2.1
8.2 6.7
14.6 11.8
22.6 17.7
34.2 25.0
65.8 35.6
77.4 64.4
85.4 75.0
91.8 82.3
97.4 88.2
93.3
97.9
) or Vertical ) Horizontal
/ Sample ' ,.
V J Port ""L
•• T .
1 -
n « 2LW B
ueq L+W t
CROSS-SECTIONAL LAYOUT
FOR RECTANGULAR STACKS
Total
Traverse Points Matrix
9 3x3
12 4x3
16 .4x4
20 5x4
25 5x5
0
t
3
B?
1
~\-x-
TRAVERSE POINT LOCATIONS
M Distance Nipple Total
"°- From Wall Size Distance
1 0.8
2 3.0
3 9.0
4 11.2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 :
-------
COLOR DEPARTMENT
i
OJ
o
I
RECOVERY
VAN
'SUN
TEST 1 and 3
Figure 4-5.
Observers Location
Visible Emission
SCM Corporation
Tray Dryer
June 1986
-------
COLOR
DEPT.
U)
h->
I
V- V
TEST 2
TEST 1 and 3
Figure 4-6.
Observers Location
Visible Emission
SCM Corporation
Baghouse Outlet
June 1986
-------
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
This section presents descriptions of sampling and analyses procedures
which were employed during the emission test program conducted at the SCM
Corporation facility in Baltimore, Maryland.
A combination of EPA Methods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (modified for Cadmium), and 9
were used to measure cadmium and visible emissions from the Tray dryers and
the crushing, grinding, blending and packing baghouse exhaust.
5.1 EPA Method 5 Configuration Modified for Cadmium
Cadmium sampling was performed by using a modification to the standard EPA
Method 5 sampling train1. It is shown schematically in Figure 5-1 and
consisted of a nozzle, probe, filter with glass frit, a flexible Teflon
umbilical line, four impingers, vacuum pump, dry gas meter, and an orifice
flow meter. The modification of the standard EPA Method 5 train consisted of
placing flexible Teflon tubing between the filter and the impingers. This
modification made the sampling equipment much easier to handle. A second
modification was the use of 5% nitric acid in first two impingers . The
sampling train was calibrated before and after the test program. This method
is based on the proposed methodology presented in Appendix C.
A nozzle was attached to a stainless steel glass-lined probe which was
heated to prevent condensation. Whatman EPM-1000 fiberglass filter paper
supported in a 4 1/2 inch glass filter holder with a glass frit was used as a
particulate collection medium. Filters were desiccated and pre weighed. A
visible inspection for irregularities in the filter material was conducted.
1 Code of Federal Regulations 40, Part 60 Appendix A, July 81
-32-
-------
00
U)
I
STACK. WALL
LEGEND
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
IQ -
11 -
12 -
13 -
14 -
15 -
16 -
17 -
NOZZLE
PROBE
FILTER HOLDER
HEATED FILTER BOX
IMPINGER ICE BATH
UMBILICAL CORD
VACUUM GAUGE
MAIN VALVE TO PUMP
PUMP
BYPASS VALVE
DRY GAS METER
ORIFICE AND MANOMETER
PI TOT TUBE AND MANOMETER
THERMOCOUPLE READOUT
FLEXIBLE TEFLON SAMPLE LINE
THERMOCOUPLES
IMPINGER OUTLET TEMPERATURE
Figure 5-1. Modified EPA Method 5 cadmium sampling train
(August 18, 1977 Federal Register)
-------
The filter assembly was enclosed in a heated box to keep the filter
temperature at approximately 150° F (±10). A thermocouple, located inside
the back half of the filter holder, monitored the gas stream temperature to
ensure proper filter temperature.
Four impingers immersed in an ice bath were attached to the back end of
the filter holder with a flexible Teflon tube. The first two impingers each
contained 100 ml of 5% nitric acid, the third was empty and the fourth
contained 200 grams of desicated silica gel to remove any remaining moisture.
Impinger outlet temperatures were kept between 50°F and 80°F.
Flexible tubing, vacuum gauge, needle valve, leakless vacuum pump, bypass
valve, dry gas meter, calibrated orifice and inclined manometer completed the
sampling train. A check valve was not used in the TRC sampling train.
A nomograph was used to quickly determine the orifice pressure drop
required for any pitot velocity pressure and stack temperature in order to
maintain isokinetic sampling conditions. Sampling flow was adjusted by means
of the bypass valve.
Test data recorded at ten minute intervals for each sampling point
included: test time, sampling duration at each traverse point, pitot pressure,
stack temperature, dry gas meter volume and inlet-outlet temperatures, probe
temperature, and orifice pressure drop.
Leak checks of the sampling train were performed prior to and following
each test run as well as during port changes.
5.2 Sample Recovery
Sample recovery was performed in a clean, wind-free area to avoid sample
contamination. A High-cube rental truck adjacent to the test site was
utilized. Working surfaces were covered with fresh Kimwipes prior to each
sample recovery to mitigate contamination. Personnel wore disposable gloves
-34-
-------
when recovering samples. Brushes and tweezers were kept in plastic bags when
not in use. Each sample probe had its own brush to lessen cross
contamination. All sampling equipment had no exposed openings before and
after sampling. The following sample fractions were recovered:
Container No. 1 Glass fiber filter.
Container No. 2 Probe, nozzle, and front half of the filter
housing HN03 rinses.
Container No. 3 Impinger solution, Teflon line, impingers and
back-half of the filter housing HN03 rinses.
Container No. 4 Silica gel.
The probe, nozzle and front half of the filter were rinsed and brushed
three times with 5% HN03. A 200 ml flask with 28/12 socket joint was
attached to the ball end of the probe. Approximately 50 mis of HN03 were
rinsed through the probe and collected in the flask. A blunt end brush
constructed of nylon bristles and a stainless steel shaft was passed 3 times
each with a fresh immersion of 5% HN03 solution. The brush was removed and
rinsed into the sample jar. Recovery personnel sealed the opposite end of the
probe with a gloved finger and inverted twice allowing the HN03 to pass
along the inside of the probe. A final flush of the probe was made into the
sample container rotating the probe so that HN03 makes contact with all
parts of the glass liner. This sample was labeled and weighed for shipping.
The contents of the first three impingers were weighed, recorded, and
deposited in Container No. 3. The back half of the filter housing, the
flexible Teflon line, and the first three impingers and their connecting
glassware were rinsed 3 times with 5% HN03 solution and combined with the
impinger contents. A 200ml flask with 28/12 socket joint was attached to one
end of the flexible Teflon line. Approximately 50 mis of 5% HN03 were
passed through the line and collected in the flask. This procedure was
-35-
-------
repeated three times with fresh HN03. The final volume was weighed and
recorded. Silica gel was weighed on a triple beam balance and recorded.
The glass fiber filter was removed from its holder, placed into a
contamination free petri dish, sealed with parafilm and labeled.
Sample container was labeled with the following information:
1. Sample I.D.
2. Project Name
3. Date of Sampling
4. Location
5. Contents
6. Run Number
7. Shipping weight
8. Comments
The sample recovery data sheet was used to record volumes recovered,
filter ID numbers, silica gel weights and visual descriptions of the samples.
A sample log sheet was completed recording date, run number, sample ID,
sample description and remarks.
5.3 Sample Analyses
Sample analyses was performed in TRC Environmental Laboratories in East
Hartford, CT. The sample fractions were analyzed as follows:
Container No.l The filter was desiccated and weighed for particulate
measurement. The filter and probe wash were digested,
extracted and then analyzed for cadmium by flame atomic
absorption. One set of samples was analyzed for trace
metals by graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA).
Container No.2 Nozzle and probe rinse was dried and weighed; then brought
back to solution with HN03. The solution was extracted
and analyzed with Container No. 1.
Container No. 3 The solution was analyzed as Container No. 2.
A flow diagram of the sample analysis procedure is presented in Figure 5-2.
Trace metals standards purchased from J. T. Baker Standards, which are NBS
-36-
-------
METHOD 5
CADMIUM TRAIN
FRONT HALF
(PROBE RINSE & FILTER)
PROBE AND FILTER
HOLDER RINSE
FILTER
EVAPORATE HN03
WEIGH
DESICCATE
WEIGH
RESULTS (mg)
RESULTS (mg)
DISSOLVE RESIDUE
WITH HN03
PLACE FILTER
WITH PROBE
RESIDUE
ADD UNO3 AND HEAT FOR 10 MINUTES
ADD CONCENTRATED HN03
AND REFLUX FOR 30 MINUTES
COOL SOLUTION
| ADD HC1 AND HEAT FOR 10 MINUTES
COOL SOLUTION
DILUTE TO KNOWN VOLUME
ADJUST SAMPLE FOR LINEARITY CURVE
[ ANALYZE FOR Cd BY FLAME AA |
_
Cd (pg)
BACK HALF
(IMPINGER SOLUTION)
ADD CONCENTRATED
HN03 AND
REFLUX FOR 30 MIN.
COOL SOLUTION
ALIQUOT
(1 SAMPLE ONLY)
ADD HC1 AND HEAT
FOR 10 MINUTES
DILUTE TO
KNOWN VOLUME
COOL SOLUTION
ADJUST SAMPLE FOR
LINEARITY CURVE
DILUTE TO
KNOWN VOLUME
ANALYZE FOR TRACE
METALS BY FLAME
OR GRAPHITE AA
ADJUST SAMPLE FOR
LINEARITY CURVE
RESULTS (pg)
ANALYZE FOR Cd
FLAME AA
I
Cd (pg)
ALIQUOT (1 SAMPLE ONLY)
DILUTE TO KJ.'OWN VOLUME
ADJUST SAMPLE FOR LINEARITY CURVE
ANALYZE FOR TRACE METALS BY AA
FLAME OR GRAPHITE
RESULTS (pg)
Figure 5-2. Schematic of Sample Analyses
-37-
-------
traceable, was used for all trace metals analyses. Samples were concentrated
or diluted in order to bring the analysis range into the center of the atomic
absorption linearity curve. All samples were analyzed in triplicate as a
measure of precision. A complete description of the analytical procedure can
be found in Appendix F of this test report.
The trace metals analyzed for were:
Barium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
5.4 Visible Emissions Observation
A certified visible emissions observer read exhaust opacity at the outlets
of the tray dryer and baghouse. Sample Point B in Figures 4-1 and 4-2 depicts
the exhaust points.
The observer's location was determined on-site in accordance with EPA
Method 9 and considered obstructions and traffic problems in the area.
The Method 9 data reduction was calculated by averaging 24 consecutive
observations recorded at 15-second intervals to determine an average opacity
for a 6 minute time period.
-38-
-------
6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE
TRC's quality assurance program for source emission measurement is
designed so that the work is done by competent, experienced individuals using
properly calibrated equipment and approved procedures for sample collection,
recovery and analysis with proper documentation.
Specific details of TRC's quality assurance program for stationary air
pollution sources may be found in the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air
Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume III (EPA-600/4-7-027b).
At the beginning of each day, an organizational meeting was held to orient
personnel to the day's activities, to discuss results from the previous day,
and to determine if any special considerations are appropriate for the day's
work.
Method 5
TRC's measurement devices, pitot tubes, dry gas meters, thermocouples,
probes and nozzles are uniquely identified and calibrated with documented
procedures and acceptance criteria before and after each field effort.
Records of all calibration data are maintained in TRC files. Calibration
forms for equipment used during the test program are presented in the Appendix.
All Method 5 sampling was 100 ± 10 percent isokinetic. Filter outlet
temperatures were maintained at 150±10°F.
Clean-up evaluations were performed on each initial set of glassware prior
to collecting field samples. The evaluation tests were performed at the SCM
Corporation facility.
Each Method 5 sampling train had a clean-up sequence as follows:
Blank 1
Method 5 Run 1
Method 5 Run 2
Method 5 Run 3
Blank 2
-39-
-------
All blank sample recovery was conducted identically to sample recovery
procedures outlined in Section 5.
Blanks of all solution used during the test program (HN03) were
collected and analyzed.
In summary, the evaluation tests were designed to precondition the sample
collectors, to establish blank background values, and to educate the clean-up
personnel in specific sample recovery procedures.
All sample recovery was performed by a one person clean-up crew.
Appropriate sample recovery data were recorded on the sample identification
log, sample recovery, chain of custody form, and analytical data forms as
presented in the Appendix.
Recovered samples were secured in padlocked, shock-proof, steel containers
for storage and shipment for analysis.
All preparation and analysis of Method 5 samples were performed by TRC.
TRC adheres to the standards of quality assurance as set forth in Quality
Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume III
(EPA-600/4-7-027b) and the Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water
and Wastewater Laboratories. (EPA-600/4-79-019, March 1979).
Analytical Quality Control
The analytical quality control procedures consisted of analyzing duplicate
spikes, and blanks on 10% of the samples as described in TRC Technical
Standard T/S-902 section E & F. Balances were calibrated with four class S
rates daily. Since stack samples (filters, probe wash and impingers) cannot
be split before the metals digestion, duplicates were not done. Each type of
sample was analyzed for Cadmium by the method of standard addition to
determine if there are any matrix interferences. If this result differed by
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more than 5% from the routine analysis, all the samples were analyzed by
standard addition. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was calibrated
with four standards. Three measurements were taken on each sample for flame
analysis and two for furnace analyses. Refer to Appendix A for sample
calculations.
The laboratory participates in the following inter-laboratory quality
control programs:
• State of Connecticut, Department of Health Services, Laboratory
Division, Laboratory Improvement Program (annually).
• EPA, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Quality
Assurance Branch, Water Pollution Laboratory Performance
Evaluation and Water Supply Performance Evaluation (voluntary).
• NIOSH, Proficiency Analytical Testing Program (quarterly).
• EPA Environmental Monitoring Systemr Laboratory Quality Assurance
Division. Stationary Source and Ambient Air, Inter-Laboratory
Studies (semi-annually).
Method 9
The TRC emissions observer was certified within the past 6 months to
perform visible emission evaluations. Documentation verifying the observers
certification is provided in the Appendix.
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