United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Rarrung and Standards
Research Triangte Park NC 27711
EMB Report 90-MWI-3A
May 1990
Air
Medical Waste Incineration
Emission Test Report
Retest
Lenoir Memorial Hospital
Kinston, North Carolina
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MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION
METHOD EVALUATION TESTING
MICROBIAL SURVIVABILITY FINAL TEST REPORT
Lenoir Memorial Hospital
Kinston, North Carolina
TSD Project No. 89-ME-02
Work Assignment 1-29
Contract No. 68D90055
Prepared for:
Foston Curtis
Work Assignment Manager
Emission Measurement Branch, MD-19
TSD/OAQPS
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by:
Radian Corporation
Progress Center
1300 Chapel Hill Road/Nelson Highway
Post Office Box 13000
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
June 17, 1991
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures iv
List of Tables v
Section Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 Test Objectives 1-3
1.2 Brief Site Description 1-3
1.3 Sampling Program 1-4
1.3.1 Test Matrix 1-4
1.3.2 Sampling Locations 1-4
1.3.3 Sampling Methods 1-7
1.3.4 Laboratory Analyses 1-7
1.4 Description of Report Contents 1-7
2.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 2-1
2.1 Ash Loss-On-Ignition, Moisture, and Carbon Content Results . 2-1
2.2 Microbial Survivability Results 2-1
2.2.1 Background and Test Matrix 2-1
2.2.2 Overall Microbial Survivability 2-5
2.2.3 Microbial Survivability in Ash 2-5
2.2.4 Microbial Survivability in Pipes 2-8
2.2.5 Microbial Survivability in Mesh Insulation 2-8
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 3-1
3.1 Facility Description 3-1
3.1.1 Incinerator 3-1
3.1.2 Waste 3-2
3.2 Waste Handling/Collection Procedures 3-3
3.3 Combustion Process Description 3-3
3.4 Process Conditions During Testing 3-4
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS 4-1
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES BY ANALYTE . 5-1
5.1 Microbial Survivability Testing 5-1
5.1.1 Spiking Procedure for Ash Microbial Loading 5-3
5.1.2 Direct Ash Sampling for Indicator Spores 5-3
5.1.3 Ash Quality Pipe Spiking Procedures 5-4
5.1.4 Modified (Mesh) Ash Quality Pipe Spiking Proceuure . . 5-6
5.1.5 Microbial Analysis 5-7
5.2 Ash Sampling Procedure 5-11
n
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Section
TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued
Page
6.0
INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
6.1 Data Quality and Decision Criteria
6.2 QC Procedures for Ash and Pipe Sampling
6.3 Microbial Survivability Testing Quality Assurance
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-3
7.0
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-1
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
REFERENCE TEST METHODS
A.1 EPA Draft Method "Microbial Survivability
Test For Medical Waste Incinerator Ash"
A.2 Addendum "Microbial Analyses of Incinerator
Samples from Lenoir County Hospital" (February 1991)
A.3 Standard Methods of Water and Wastes 209G
A.4 ASTM D 3178-84 Carbon and Hydrogen in the
Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
PROCESS DATA SHEETS
LABORATORY ANALYSIS DATA FOR MICROBIAL
VIABILITY
ASH AND PIPE RECOVERY DATA SHEETS
ASH BURNOUT ANALYSIS DATA
in
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FIGURES
Figure Page
1-1 Lenoir Memorial Hospital Incinerator Plan 1-2
1-2 Sampling Locations 1-6
5-1 Ash Quality Pipe Assembly 5-5
5-2 Modified (Mesh) Ash Quality Pipe Assembly 5-8
5-3 Analysis Scheme for Microbial Testing of Ash Samples 5-9
5-4 Analysis SchertK for Pipe Sample Microbial Viability Test 5-10
IV
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TABLES
Table Page
1-1 Microbial Method Evaluation Test Spiking and Sampling Matrix 1-5
2-1 Summary of Ash Carbon Content, LOI, and Moisture Results 2-2
2-2 Summary of Spore Spike Times 2-4
2-3 Overall Microbial Survivability 2-6
2-4 Viable Spores Recovered in Ash 2-7
2-5 Viable Spores Recovered in Pipes 2-9
2-6 Viable Spores Recovered in Mesh Insulation 2-11
5-1 Test Methods 5-2
6-1 Indicator Spore Testing QA/QC Checks 6-4
6-2 Wet and Dry Spore Spike Stock Analysis 6-6
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1. INTRODUCTION
Under Section 11008 of the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 (MWTA), the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must prepare a series of reports
to Congress that provide information concerning the characterization of medical wastes,
treatment and disposal technologies, and an assessment of the impact of medical waste
on human health and the environment. The MWTA specifically requires that
incineration methods be evaluated to determine their advantages and disadvantages.
The Office of Solid Waste (OSW) is responsible for implementation of the
MWTA and for managing the various studies that are required to prepare the report to
Congress. Section 11008 of the MWTA requires EPA to evaluate the efficiency of
incineration as a treatment technology. Additionally, there exists a need to evaluate
incineration emissions from existing medical waste incinerators (MWI's). These data are
required to assess the actual potential impacts on health and the environment from
existing sources, the vast majority of which do not have advanced combustion controls or
air pollution control devices.
Therefore, OSW and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)
have worked jointly to perform additional studies at typical existing MWI facilities. The
emission test program described in this report is one of these studies.
The MWI facility at Lenoir Memorial Hospital in Kinston, North Carolina, was
selected for emissions testing because it is typical of existing two-stage combustion,
ram-fed units with a secondary chamber gas retention time of less than 0.5 seconds, and
with no add-on emission control equipment (see Figure 1-1). Other factors in the
selection were that the proximity to Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (RTP),
minimized travel expenditures and the hospital administration had expressed an interest
in cooperating with the EPA in the emission test program.
The Lenoir MWI was the first of three MWIs tested for EPA by Radian Corp. for
microbial survivability in the ash. The Lenoir MWI was retested to collaborate the ash
results of the initial test, which were markedly different from those of the later two tests.
No stack emissions testing was done during the retest.
1-1
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Figure 1-1. Lenoir Memorial Hospital Incinerator
1-2
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1.1 TEST OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the retests at the Lenoir Memorial Hospital MWI were:
• To provide supplemental data on microbial survivability in medical waste
incinerators.
• Repeat earlier tests conducted at the Lenoir Memorial Hospital to
evaluate the survivability of a surrogate indicator microorganism in the
incinerator firebox.
• To evaluate an alternate design for the pipe samples.
The measurements that were performed at this facility provided data to:
• Determine the general effectiveness of incineration as a medical waste
treatment technology to destroy microbes by spiking a surrogate indicator
organism to the incinerator feed during each test run and determining the
quantity of microbes surviving the process.
• Determine the relative degree of combustion (burnout) of the wastes based
on residual carbon, or loss on ignition (LOI), of the bottom ash that is
collected from each test day.
The test program included an internal quality control program. The goal of the
quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) activities was to ensure that the results
obtained during testing are of known precision and accuracy, and that they are complete,
representative and comparable.
1.2 BRIEF SITE DESCRIPTION
Lenoir Memorial Hospital is a 322-bed hospital located in Kinston, North
Carolina. The MWI for this facility is located behind the facility near the loading dock
area. The MWI is a 320 pound per hour (Ib/hr) rated, ram-fed, starved-air unit
manufactured by Environmental Control Products (now known as Joy Energy Systems).
The facility is located beside a dumpster near the maintenance shop area and existing
boiler facilities. Wastes are brought out of the main building via the loading dock area
in plastic carts by hospital housekeeping staff. Cafeteria waste, office waste and
cardboard are separated to some degree and placed in the dumpster. The material is
then deposited in a local landfill. The remainder of the waste is burned in the
incinerator. The waste is brought out periodically, some is burned and some is stored
outdoors in large plastic bins.
1-3
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There is no full time operator for the MWI facility. The housekeeping staff
alternately load waste into the charge hopper as their schedule permits. The facility is
maintained by the hospital's engineering and maintenance department which removes the
ash on a daily or bi-daily basis. The ash is stored in 35 gallon metal trash cans and
taken to the local landfill on a weekly basis or as required.
Detailed descriptions of the MWI facility, its operation, the waste and waste
handling procedures are given in Section 3.
1.3 SAMPLING PROGRAM
This section provides an overview of the microbial testing conducted at Lenoir
Memorial Hospital. Included in this section are summaries of the test matrix, sampling
locations, sampling methods, and laboratory analysis. Greater detail on these topics is
provided in the sections that follow.
1.3.1 Test Matrix
The sampling and analytical matrix for this test program is presented in Table 1-1.
Sampling locations for incinerator bottom ash, ash quality pipe samples, and
loss-on-ignition are shown in Figure 1-2. Each of the tests are briefly described in
Sections 1.3.3 and 1.3.4.
1.3.2 Sampling Locations
Incinerator ash was sampled from three test runs. Ash was completely removed
from the incinerator each day following each test run and placed in the metal ash
containers where it was sampled using a sample thief to obtain a representative sample.
Pipe samples were charged to the incinerator every day and were recovered the following
day, through the cleanout door. Nine ash quality pipe samples were placed on the floor
of the incinerator each day and covered with a layer of bagged wastes prior to startup.
The layer of bagged wastes was placed on top of the pipe to insulate them from flame
impingement from the natural gas burner during warmup. Three sets of pipe/modified
pipe (mesh) pairs (which were wired together) were spiked three times throughout the
test run. Four modified mesh pipes were spiked four times per run in each of the spore
spiking bags.
1-4
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TABLE 1-1. MICROBIAL METHOD EVALUATION TEST SPIKING AND SAMPLING MATRIX
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, KINSTON, NORTH CAROLINA, FEBRUARY 1991
Activity
Spore Spiking
3 x 10 (11) wet spores (each bag)
1 x 10 (7) dry spores (pipes) a
1 x 10 (7) dry spores (pipes) b
1 x 10 (7) dry spores (mesh) c
1 x 10 (7) dry spores (mesh) d
Sampling
Ash
Background Blank
Daily Sample
Archive Sample
Carbon/LOI Sample
Pipes f
Ambient Sample g
Process Blank i
Daily Sample
Spore Stock
Dry Stock
Wet Stock
Process Data j
Charge Time
Charge Weight
Upper Chamber Temp
Lower Chamber Temp
Pretest
Total Frequency
1
1
1
1
1
1
I/test e
1 /test e
I/test h
I/test h
I/test h
I/test h
..•••• "' Run.i''/' : .,,""
Total Frequency
4
9
3
4
3
1
1
1
19
1 per hour
1 per run
1 per 2.66 hour
1 per hour
1 per 2.66 hour
I/run
I/run
I/run
19/run
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
•, •• . ;':';" Rw? :,•:*;••• ;:'
Total Frequency
4
9
3
4
3
1
1
1
19
1 per hour
1 per run
1 per 2.66 hour
1 per hour
1 per 2.66 hour
I/run
I/run
I/run
19/run
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
• . ••-' ..... ,: Rwi3 ..;•..
Total Frequency
4
9
3
4
3
1
1
1
19
1 per hour
1 per run
1 per 2.66 hour
1 per hour
1 per 2.66 hour
I/run
I/run
I/run
19/run
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
Semicontinuous
• {': 'Total •: ''
12
27
9
12
9
1
3
4
3
1
1
57
1
| 1
a Placed on incinerator floor prior to the start of testing. Each 2" diameter pipe contains this amount.
b Feed into incinerator during first charge, midday, and last charge. 1 per 2.66 hour based on an 8-hour day. Each 2" diameter pipe contains this amount.
c Surrounded in mesh and insulation as proposed by Foston Curtis. Fed inside spore bags. Each mesh contains this amount.
d Surrounded in mesh and insulation as proposed by Foston Curtis. Fed with 2" dia. pipes. Each mesh contains this amount.
e Taken prior to initiation of spiking.
f All pipes contained temperature indicating pellets.
g Pipe charged with dry spores and exposed to ambient temperature only for 24 hours.
h Conducted at random on any test day.
i Empty pipe not charged with spores and fed into incinerator.
j Recorded by the MRI engineer.
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locioerafof
Ash Quality Pipe Spore Survivability
Modified Ash Quality Pipe Spore SurvivabiJity
Bottom Ash Spore Survivability
Bottom Ash Carbon Content :
Bottom Ash Loss-On-lgnilion
Bottom Ash. Moisture ;
Bottom Ash pH
Figure 1-2. Sampling Locations at the
Lenoir Memorial Hospital MWI
1-6
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TABLE 2-5. VIABLE SPORES RECOVERED IN PIPES
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991)
RUN
NUMBER
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
DATE
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
SPIKE
TIME (1)
13:32
10:25
12:30
10:39
14:00
17:00
14:00
17:00
10:39
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
13:29
10:40
16:00
11:40
10:46
16:49
15:32
10:46
16:49
15:32
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
ED
LMR-13
LMR-20
LMR-15
LMR-12
LMR-10
LMR-06
LMR-09
LMR-07
LMR-11
LMR-14
LMR-17
LMR-03
LMR-18
LMR-05
LMR-08
LMR-16
LMR-19
LMR-04
LMR-37
LMR-38
LMR-31
LMR-33
LMR-34
LMR-27
LMR-30
LMR-35
LMR-28
LMR-29
LMR-26
LMR-40
LMR-36
LMR-41
LMR-32
LMR-25
LMR-39
LMR-42
LMR-43
SPIKE
METHOD (2)
BAG
BAG
BAG
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
BAG
BAG
BAG
BAG
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
OUTER
CONTAINER
TYPE
MESH
MESH
MESH
MESH
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
MESH
MESH
MESH
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
MESH
MESH
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
VIABLE SPORES
(SPORES/PIPE)
0
0
> 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
> 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-9
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1.3.4 Laboratory Analyses
Microbial survivability samples from the ash and pipe tests were analyzed for
viable spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus by Research Triangle Institute (RTI). Ash
and pipe samples were cultured and enumerated using analytical techniques recently
developed specifically for this test method. This protocol is given in the EPA draft
method "Microbial Survivability Test for Medical Waste Incinerator Ash" in Appendix A.
The incinerator ash was analyzed by McCoy Labs for volatile matter (LOI) and
moisture content by Standard Methods of Water and Wastes, 209G and carbon content
by ASTM Method D 3178-84.
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF REPORT CONTENTS
Section 1 of this report provides an introduction to the medical waste testing
program conducted at Lenoir Memorial Hospital in Kinston, North Carolina. This
section includes the test objective, a brief site description, an overview of the sampling
program, and this description of the report contents.
Section 2 gives a summary of the test results. Included in the contents of this
section are the ash LOI, moisture, and carbon results, and microbial survivability results
for the ash and pipes.
Section 3 details the process and operation of the Lenoir incinerator. Process
results including the waste feed rates and incineration chamber temperatures are given in
Appendix B.
Section 4 provides a description of the sample location.
Section 5 presents detailed descriptions of sampling and analytical procedures.
Section 6 provides details of the quality assurance/quality control procedures used
on this program and the QC results. Included in this section is a summary of QA/QC
objectives, QC procedures for the ash and pipe (microbial) sampling, analytical QC
procedures and QA parameters.
Actual field data sheets and data listings are contained in Appendices attached.
1-8
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TABLE 2-6. VIABLE SPORES RECOVERED IN MESH INSULATION
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991)
Run #
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
Date
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
ID
LMR-73
LMR-71
LMR-72
LMR-70
LMR-68
LMR-67
LMR-65
LMR-66
Charge
Time
10:40
11:40
13:29
16:00
10:12
12:17
14:16
16:13
Viable Spores
(Spores/Mesh)
0
0
0
IND1
0
0
IND2
0
Indeterminate. One spore found on one replicate from the 10° dilution. The
sample diluent was not filterable.
Indeterminate. One spore found on one replicate from 10° and 10"3 dilutions.
Also, one plate had an organism other than Bacillus stearothermophilus on it.
2-11
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TABLE 2-1. SUMMARY OF ASH CARBON CONTENT, LOI, AND MOISTURE RESULTS
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991)
Run
Number
1
2
3
Sample
Number
LMR-23
LMR-76
LMR-82
Sample
Date
2/13/91
2/14/91
2/15/91
Average
Moisture
(%)
1.4
0.46
1.18
1.01
LOI
(%)
7.84
4.75
6.12
6.24
Total Loss
(%)
9.13
5.19
7.22
7.18
Carbon
(%)
2.25
1.64
1.76
1.88
2-2
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3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
3.1 FACILITY DESCRIPTION
Lenoir Memorial Hospital is a 322-bed hospital located in Kinston, North
Carolina. The MWI at this facility is a model 480-E unit manufactured by
Environmental Control Products (now known as Joy Energy Systems). The MWI, which
was installed in 1983, is a dual-chamber unit with an automatic ram feeder. Ash is
removed manually. According to the manufacturer, the design feed rate is 145 kilograms
per hour (kg/h) (320 pounds per hour [lb/h]) for waste with a heating value of
8,500 Btu/lb. Waste heat is not recovered from the stack gases of the MWI, and it has
no add-on air pollution control device. Figure 1-1 is a schematic of the MWI.
3.1.1 Incinerator
The primary combustion chamber has a volume of 3.85 cubic meters (m3)
(136 cubic feet [ft3]) and operates in a controlled-air (starved-air) mode. A natural
gas-fired auxiliary burner in the primary chamber is used to preheat and maintain the
chamber temperature above 540°C (1000°F). Normally after the first two or three loads
are charged, the burner is not needed again (under normal operating conditions) until
the burndown period. Waste is fed into the primary chamber by means of a mechanical
hopper/ram charging system, which is manually loaded.
A timer and upper temperature limit settings are used to control the frequency of
charges. The timer setting can be varied, but is typically set between 6 and 10 minutes.
The ram activates immediately if the "start" button on the control panel is pushed when
the time since the last charge exceeds the timer setting. Pushing the "start" button before
the timer cycle is complete puts the ram in standby mode; when the timer cycle is
complete, the ram activates. A controller locks out the ram when the primary chamber
temperature exceeds a setpoint. The timer cycle is reset when the temperature fails
below the setpoint.
The secondary chamber has a volume of 0.85 m3 (30 ft3) and a design gas
retention time of about 0.4 second. The gas-fired auxiliary burner in this chamber is
3-1
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TABLE 2-2. SUMMARY OF SPORE SPIKE TIMES
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991)
Run
Number
1
2
3
Date
02/12/91
02/13/91
02/14/91
Gas
On
10:02
10:05
10:03
First
Charge
10:25
10:12
10:12
Pipe
' t -:
10:39
(BE, AQ)
10:46
(BO, AI)
10:12
(BL, AF)
Pipe
:-r 2-,.
14:00
(AR, CG)
15:32
(AX, AM)
11:14
(AC, BN)
Pipe
•-. 3 •
17:00
(AT, BD)
16:49
(BM, AS)
13:27
(CB, AA)
Bag
1
10:25
(AU)
10:40
(AP)
10:12
(AO)
Bag
2
11:56*
11:40
(AH)
12:17
(AE)
Bag
3
12:30
(AN)
13:29
(AB)
14:16
(AK)
Bag
4
13:32
(AL)
16:00
(AD)
16:13
(AG)
Last
Charge
17:00
16:49
16:56
End Of
Test
17:00
17:15
16:59
Waste Feed
Amount
Obs)
1670.8
1769.1
1785.8
Total Weight
Of Ash
dbs)
143.3
136.6
118.1
Note: Letters in parenthesis signify ID numbers for each pipe
* No mesh
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waste and cardboard boxes are generally separated from the waste stream, compacted,
and landfilled. Coffee shop and lounge waste also is supposed to go to the trash
compactor, but some of it is incinerated at times.
3.2 WASTE HANDLING/COLLECTION PROCEDURES
Waste materials are collected by the hospital housekeeping staff. Waste is
collected from all patient contact areas, including patient rooms, examination rooms,
operating and recovery rooms, and laboratories. Included in the waste stream are waste
drugs and chemicals; patient contact items such as disposable garments, dressings,
disposable surgical tools and diagnostic devices; and human tissue. The non-infectious
material varies but generally constitutes over 90 percent of the waste stream. The
remainder is the infectious red bag wastes.
Non-red bag wastes are collected by the housekeeping staff and placed in
standard 30 gallon plastic trash bags, which are twist tied. The bags are transported via
plastic bin type carts from the collection area to the incinerator site located behind the
hospital. Red bag wastes bags can be and are mixed with the other bags. Typically only
2-3 red bags are processed each day.
At the incinerator site, the bags of wastes are stored in bins. The hospital
housekeeping staff hand feeds the bags into the ram-feed hopper as required by the
timed cycle and as their schedule permits. During the testing, a full-time operator was
on hand to feed the waste on the timed cycle as set and monitored by the MRI process
monitor.
3.3 COMBUSTION PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The combustion process utilized to incinerate wastes in this type of incinerator is
known as controlled or "starved" air incineration. The unit is designed with two separate
chambers (a primary chamber and a secondary chamber) in which controlled amounts of
combustion air and combustible material are admitted. The lower chamber, known as
the primary combustion chamber, is operated at below stoichiometric or air starved
conditions. A natural gas-fired burner is used to preheat and ignite the wastes, to drive
moisture and volatiles from the wastes, and ignite the fbced carbon portion of the waste
material. Limited amounts of underfire air are admitted through holes in the side of the
3-3
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TABLE 2-3. OVERALL MICROBIAL SURVIVABILITY
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991)
Run
Number
1
3
3
Feed Rate/
Frequency
(Ib/br)
-300
-300
~ 300
Total Number of
Spores Spiked
to Incinerator
1.7x 109± 5.0 x 10fl
1.7 x 109± 5.0 x 108
1.7 x 109± 5.0 x 10a
Number of
Indicator Spores
in Ash"
13,044 ± 4,348
< 28,986
188 ± 159
Spore Surwability"
(%)
'Total number of spores in ash was calculated by multiplying the number of spores in 1 gram of ash by the total weight of ash removed
from the incinerator per day.
bCannot be calculated due to large quantity of background spores found in pre-test ash sample.
ON
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4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Bottom ash and both types of indicator spore pipes were collected through the
clean out door at the rear of the incinerator. This sampling location is presented in
Figure 1-2. Direct ash samples and pipe samples were recovered the day following each
test run.
4-1
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greater than 28,000 spores/gram. The raw analytical data used to generate this table can
be found in Appendix C.
2.2.4 Microbial Survivability in Pipes
Pipe samples were loaded into the incinerator during each test day. The pipes
were recovered on the following morning during ash removal. After allowing the pipes
to cool, the inner containers were removed from the outer containers and sent to the
laboratory for analysis. Care was taken to prevent sample to sample contamination by
wearing rubber gloves. The rubber gloves were disinfected with a 3 percent hydrogen
peroxide solution between each sample. Pipe samples were cultured for 48 hours. No
reanalysis was performed.
A summary of the microbial survivability in pipes is presented in Table 2-5. The
raw analytical data used to compile this table can be found in Appendix C. Results for
samples taken during Runs 1 and 2 (LMR-03 through LMR-43) were generally 0.
Results for samples taken during Run 3 (LMR-44 through LMR-77) ranged from 0 to
279 spores per pipe.
2.2.5 Microbial Survivability in Mesh Insulation
As mentioned previously, one of the objectives of this test was to evaluate an
alternate design for the ash quality pipes. The modified (mesh) ash quality pipes were
used in conjunction with the solid metal pipes that had been used in the previous tests.
During the course of this testing, it was decided to try saturating the outer
insulation jacket of the modified (mesh) pipes with the liquid spore solution. The
hypothesis set forth was that the outer layer of insulation would act as an absorbent
media for the liquid spores in much the same manner as the absorbent wastes used in
the spiking bag. The theory was that if this liquid spore method was proven successful,
the methods (liquid and pipe methods) might eventually be combined into one method.
One mesh assembly was saturated and placed in the four spike bags (4 total per day) on
both test days 2 and 3.
The samples were recovered and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The results
are shown in Table 2-6.
2-8
-------
TABLE 2-5. VIABLE SPORES RECOVERED IN PIPES
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991)
RUN
NUMBER
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
DATE
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/12/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
02/13/91
SPIKE
TIME (1)
13:32
10:25
12:30
10:39
14:00
17:00
14:00
17:00
10:39
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
08:08
13:29
10:40
16:00
11:40
10:46
16:49
15:32
10:46
16:49
15:32
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
09:45
ID
LMR-13
LMR-20
LMR-15
LMR-12
LMR-10
LMR-06
LMR-09
LMR-07
LMR-11
LMR-14
LMR-17
LMR-03
LMR-18
LMR-05
LMR-08
LMR-16
LMR-19
LMR-04
LMR-37
LMR-38
LMR-31
LMR-33
LMR-34
LMR-27
LMR-30
LMR-35
LMR-28
LMR-29
LMR-26
LMR-40
LMR-36
LMR-41
LMR-32
LMR-25
LMR-39
LMR-42
LMR-43
SPIKE
METHOD (2)
BAG
BAG
BAG
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
BAG
BAG
BAG
BAG
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
OUTER
CONTAINER
TYPE
MESH
MESH
MESH
MESH
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
MESH
MESH
MESH
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
MESH
MESH
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
VIABLE SPORES
(SPORES/PIPE)
0
0
> 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
> 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2-9
-------
TABLE 2-5. VIABLE SPORES RECOVERED IN PIPES
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991), continued
RUN
NUMBER
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
DATE
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
02/14/91
SPIKE
TIME (1)
16:13
10:12
12:17
14:16
11:14
13:27
10:12
10:12
13:27
11:14
09:40
09:40
09:40
09:40
09:40
09:40
09:40
09:40
09:40
11:14
NA
ID
LMR-52
LMR-58
LMR-56
LMR-45
LMR-49
LMR-47
LMR-55
LMR-54
LMR-46
LMR-50
LMR-63
LMR-51
LMR-59
LMR-62
LMR-61
LMR-44
LMR-48
LMR-57
LMR-53
LMR-60
LMR-77
SPIKE
METHOD (2)
BAG
BAG
BAG
BAG
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
DIRECT
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
FLOOR
BLANK
AMBIENT
OUTER
CONTAINER
TYPE
MESH
MESH
MESH
MESH
PIPE
MESH
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
MESH
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
VIABLE SPORES
(SPORES/PIPE)
46
5
12
>27
2
74
42
20
89
279
4
>57
0
11
13
23
40
8
14
0
0
1 Time each pipe was placed in the incinerator on the test date given.
2 "Floor" means that the pipe was placed on the incinerator floor prior to startup.
"Bag" means that the pipe was placed inside a spore bag and charged with the spore bag.
"Direct" means the pipe was charged directly onto the incinerator at the start, midpoint, or
end of each test.
(Pipe and mesh containers were wired together.)
"Blank1' means no spores were in the inner container initially.
"Ambient" means the pipe contained spores initially but was not charged into
the incinerator. (Exposed to ambient temperatures only!)
2-10
-------
TABLE 2-6. VIABLE SPORES RECOVERED IN MESH INSULATION
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (1991)
Run #
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
Date
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
ID
LMR-73
LMR-71
LMR-72
LMR-70
LMR-68
LMR-67
LMR-65
LMR-66
Charge
Time
10:40
11:40
13:29
16:00
10:12
12:17
14:16
16:13
Viable Spores
(Spores/Mesh)
0
0
0
IND1
0
0
IND2
0
Indeterminate. One spore found on one replicate from the 10° dilution. The
sample diluent was not filterable.
indeterminate. One spore found on one replicate from 10° and 10"3 dilutions.
Also, one plate had an organism other than Bacillus stearothermophilus on it.
2-11
-------
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
3.1 FACILITY DESCRIPTION
Lenoir Memorial Hospital is a 322-bed hospital located in Kinston, North
Carolina. The MWI at this facility is a model 480-E unit manufactured by
Environmental Control Products (now known as Joy Energy Systems). The MWI, which
was installed in 1983, is a dual-chamber unit with an automatic ram feeder. Ash is
removed manually. According to the manufacturer, the design feed rate is 145 kilograms
per hour (kg/h) (320 pounds per hour [lb/h]) for waste with a heating value of
8,500 Btu/lb. Waste heat is not recovered from the stack gases of the MWI, and it has
no add-on air pollution control device. Figure 1-1 is a schematic of the MWI.
3.1.1 Incinerator
The primary combustion chamber has a volume of 3.85 cubic meters (m3)
(136 cubic feet [ft3]) and operates in a controlled-air (starved-air) mode. A natural
gas-fired auxiliary burner in the primary chamber is used to preheat and maintain the
chamber temperature above 540°C (1000°F). Normally after the first two or three loads
are charged, the burner is not needed again (under normal operating conditions) until
the burndown period. Waste is fed into the primary chamber by means of a mechanical
hopper/ram charging system, which is manually loaded.
A timer and upper temperature limit settings are used to control the frequency of
charges. The timer setting can be varied, but is typically set between 6 and 10 minutes.
The ram activates immediately if the "start" button on the control panel is pushed when
the time since the last charge exceeds the timer setting. Pushing the "start" button before
the timer cycle is complete puts the ram in standby mode; when the timer cycle is
complete, the ram activates. A controller locks out the ram when the primary chamber
temperature exceeds a setpoint. The timer cycle is reset when the temperature falls
below the setpoint.
The secondary chamber has a volume of 0.85 m3 (30 ft3) and a design gas
retention time of about 0.4 second. The gas-fired auxiliary burner in this chamber is
3-1
-------
activated automatically when the temperature falls below a preset level. This chamber
operates with excess combustion air.
Combustion air is introduced into the primary chamber through air ports in the
chamber wall. The air ports are about 3.8 centimeters (cm) (1.5 inches [in.]) in
diameter, 7.6 cm (3 in.) above the hearth, and spaced about 0.3 m (1 ft) apart around
the hearth (except for the space for the ash door). Additional combustion air is added in
the flameport. One blower supplies the air to both the primary chamber and the
flameport. A manually adjustable damper in the duct to the primary chamber is
positioned to restrict flow to about 15 percent of what it would be with the valve fully
open. A damper in the duct to the flameport is automatically modulated based on the
temperature in the secondary chamber. This modulated damper is partially closed when
waste is charged to the primary chamber. It gradually opens as the secondary chamber
temperature increases, and it returns to the partially closed position as the temperature
decreases.
The primary and secondary chamber setpoint temperatures are changed by
adjusting a set screw rather than a calibrated dial. Therefore, the new setpoint is not
known until the burner turns on or off in the secondary chamber or the ram is locked
out in the primary chamber. Achieving the desired setpoint often requires repeated
adjustments over several charging cycles.
3.1.2 Waste
"Brown bag" waste (i.e., general refuse) is the most prevalent component of the
waste stream. The hospital also burns "red bag," "blue bag," and "orange bag" wastes and
sharps. Red bags contain infectious waste, primarily from isolation rooms. Blue bags
contain body fluids, swabs, suction materials, and other operating room wastes. Orange
bags contain laboratory wastes, primarily glass that has been exposed to and may contain
cultures or stocks of infectious agents and associated biologicals. However, brown bags
are often used throughout the hospital and frequently contain wastes that would
ordinarily be classed as "red bag" or "blue bag" wastes. Sharps are placed in either red
or translucent, rigid plastic containers. Small amounts of pathological waste,
chemotherapy waste, and outdated medicines are also incinerated periodically. Cafeteria
3-2
-------
waste and cardboard boxes are generally separated from the waste stream, compacted,
and landfilled. Coffee shop and lounge waste also is supposed to go to the trash
compactor, but some of it is incinerated at times.
3.2 WASTE HANDLING/COLLECTION PROCEDURES
Waste materials are collected by the hospital housekeeping staff. Waste is
collected from all patient contact areas, including patient rooms, examination rooms,
operating and recovery rooms, and laboratories. Included in the waste stream are waste
drugs and chemicals; patient contact items such as disposable garments, dressings,
disposable surgical tools and diagnostic devices; and human tissue. The non-infectious
material varies but generally constitutes over 90 percent of the waste stream. The
remainder is the infectious red bag wastes.
Non-red bag wastes are collected by the housekeeping staff and placed in
standard 30 gallon plastic trash bags, which are twist tied. The bags are transported via
plastic bin type carts from the collection area to the incinerator site located behind the
hospital. Red bag wastes bags can be and are mixed with the other bags. Typically only
2-3 red bags are processed each day.
At the incinerator site, the bags of wastes are stored in bins. The hospital
housekeeping staff hand feeds the bags into the ram-feed hopper as required by the
timed cycle and as their schedule permits. During the testing, a full-time operator was
on hand to feed the waste on the timed cycle as set and monitored by the MRI process
monitor.
3.3 COMBUSTION PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The combustion process utilized to incinerate wastes in this type of incinerator is
known as controlled or "starved" air incineration. The unit is designed with two separate
chambers (a primary chamber and a secondary chamber) in which controlled amounts of
combustion air and combustible material are admitted. The lower chamber, known as
the primary combustion chamber, is operated at below stoichiometric or air starved
conditions. A natural gas-fired burner is used to preheat and ignite the wastes, to drive
moisture and volatiles from the wastes, and ignite the fixed carbon portion of the waste
material. Limited amounts of underfire air are admitted through holes in the side of the
3-3
-------
lower chamber so that combustion of the fixed carbon matter can be sustained. Heat
input from the gas burner is modulated to keep the lower chamber temperature within a
certain range and to maintain the oxidation of fixed carbon at varying levels of waste
moisture content.
The volatile matter is vaporized in the lower chamber and passes into the
secondary combustion chamber. A second gas-fired burner is used to ignite the
combustible gases and maintain secondary chamber temperatures within a specified
temperature range. In the secondary chamber, excess air is supplied to achieve more
complete combustion of the volatile matter and entrained solids by providing an
adequate oxygen supply and turbulent mixing.
3.4 PROCESS CONDITIONS DURING TESTING
The target charge rate for the three runs was 300 Ib/hr. This was to be
accomplished by charging the incinerator with 30 Ib every 6 minutes. The automatic
timer controlling the feed ram was set to about 6.5 minutes. The ram locked' out at
about 2000 degrees F. Charging was begun shortly after 10:00 am each day and
continued until 5:00 pm, when the burndown phase was initiated. The actual charge
rates for the test period were about 250 270 Ib/hr due to the difference between the
desired and actual timer settings and a few brief lockouts. The unit operated well during
the test period and no operational problems were encountered. There were occasional
instances of dense black smoke emissions and flames at the top of the stack. These
conditions occurred immediately after charging and most were a minute or less in
duration.
3-4
-------
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Bottom ash and both types of indicator spore pipes were collected through the
clean out door at the rear of the incinerator. This sampling location is presented in
Figure 1-2. Direct ash samples and pipe samples were recovered the day following each
test run.
4-1
-------
5.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES BY ANALYTE
The sampling and analytical procedures used for the Lenoir Memorial Hospital
MWI test program are the most recent revisions of the proposed EPA methods. In this
section, descriptions of each sampling and analytical method by analyte are provided. A
summary of the sampling methods that are used is included in Table 5-1.
5.1 MICROBIAL SURVIVABILITY TESTING
The Lenoir Memorial Hospital MWI was loaded with waste inoculated with
indicator spores in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the incinerator in destroying
microbes. This was done by measuring the ability of microbes to survive the incineration
process. The first test method is aimed at determining microbial survivability in the ash.
This method involves inoculating a known quantity of spores in solution onto materials
normally found in the medical waste stream (i.e., disposable linens, gauze, gowns, etc.)
Direct ash sampling is conducted in order to determine the destruction efficiency. Test
procedures follow guidelines set forth by the EPA draft method located in Appendix A.
The second test method utilizes spore samples encased in two types of insulated
pipes which are charged to the incinerator with the waste stream. These tests are aimed
at providing an alternate assessment of the effectiveness of the incinerator to destroy
bacteria in an incompletely combusted, or insulated material. Samples are periodically
charged into the incinerator throughout the test day. Following the test, the viability of
the indicator spores in each sample is checked to assess the destruction efficiency of the
incinerator. Testing procedures used here follow an EPA draft method entitled
"Microbial Survivability Test for Medical Waste Incinerator Ash" and the latest
laboratory method protocols. (See Appendix A). The following sections detail both
spiking procedures (ash and pipe) as well as analytical techniques.
5-1
-------
TABLE 5-1. TEST METHODS FOR THE LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL MWI
Analyte
Method
Microorganisms in Pipe Test and
Direct Ash Test
Loss on Ignition
Moisture Content
Carbon Content
EPA Draft Method "Microbial
Survivability Tests for MWI Ash"
Standard Methods of Water & Wastes
209G
Standard Methods of Water & Wastes
209G
ASTM D 3178-84
5-2
-------
5.1.1 Spiking Procedure for Ash Microbial Loading
In addition to the pipe samples, a series of waste materials inoculated with
indicator spores are charged into the incinerator. A known quantity of
B. stearothermophilus spores are inoculated onto or in materials normally found in the
medical waste stream such as disposable linens, gowns, test tubes, gauze, etc. Direct ash
samples are collected after the ash has cooled sufficiently.
5.1.1.1 Equipment. A "wet spore" culture solution is prepared by the University
of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Fermentation Facility. The spore solution is
prepared as a chilled slurry. The culture solution is first divided evenly between the
three sampling runs, then quantities of approximately 600 to 700 mL are added to each
of 4 waste bags for a run. The spore solution is added to various materials by pouring
from the bags directly onto absorbent materials.
5.1.1.2 Spiking Preparation and Procedure. Ideally, the spiked waste sample is
prepared so that at least 1 x 1012 spores are charged into the incinerator per sample run
(the exact quantity is recorded). However, to simulate the first Kinston test, a similar
charge was spread over 3 runs. The total run charge is separated into four culture
batches. Each bag of spiked waste is loaded into the ram feeder at equal time intervals
over the course of the emissions test run. For the 8-hour test, spiked bags totalling
approximately 1.7 x 109 spores were loaded at sampling times of 0,2,4, and 6, hours from
the start of testing.
5.1.2 Direct Ash Sampling for Indicator Spores
Direct ash sampling provides an indication of the ability of the indicator organism
to survive the incinerator process under various conditions. Ash samples are recovered
from the ash when it has cooled sufficiently. Ash samples are taken using a sampling
thief. During each sampling run, three samples are taken. One is transported to the
laboratory to culture and enumerate spores. The second is used to determine moisture
content, carbon content and loss-on-ignition (LOI). The third sample is used to
determine the pH and is then archived for later use, if necessary.
5.1.2.1 Equipment. Ash samples are taken using precleaned and disinfected
metal sample thiefs and placed in new, clean sample containers for transport to the
5-3
-------
laboratories. These samples used for microbial testing are stored on ice to assure that
the spores remain dormant throughout storage. The pH of the ash is determined by
adding a known amount of deionized water to a weighed aliquot of ash and measuring
the pH by specific ion electrode.
5.1.3 Ash Quality Pipe Spiking Procedures
The waste is charged into the incinerator with known quantities of
B. stearothermophilus contained in insulated pipes. Samples are cultured according to
the draft method found in Appendix A. Colonies of B. stearothermophilus are then
checked to ensure correct colonial morphology and are further identified using gram
stain and biochemical tests as needed. Enumeration of B. stearothermophilus is then
completed after 48 hours of incubation.
5.1.3.1 Spiking Equipment. A diagram of the pipe sample assembly used for the
pipe test is shown in Figure 5-1. The indicator organisms are freeze-dried (lyophilized)
spores prepared by American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Maryland. A small
amount of liquid material equalling approximately 1 x 106 spores is extracted from the
main batch and deposited directly in the stainless-steel inner tube with the bottom cap
attached. The tubes are then placed in the freeze dryer and freeze dried after which the
top caps are attached and secured tightly.
The inner tube consists of a short piece (3 inch) of 3/8 (0.035 inch wall thickness)
stainless steel tubing capped on both ends with Swagelock™ caps. This "inner container"
is then placed in an "outer container" which is a two inch diameter steel pipe nipple
about six inches long. Each outer container is identified with a unique identification
number for tracking of feed time and location. Enough vermiculite surrounds the inner
container to maintain its position in the center of the outer container and to protect it
from thermal shock. Temperature indicating pellets are also assembled into an array
encased by wire mesh and inserted alongside the inner tube. The temperature indicating
pellets provide a relative indication of the maximum temperature experienced by the
inner pipe. Both ends of the outer container are then capped.
5-1-3.2 Spiking Preparation. The inner container and caps are cleaned and
disinfected before use. This procedure consists of soaking the containers for at least one
5-4
-------
Inner Container
(Containing Spores)
Vermlcullte
Outer Container Cap
Figure 5-1. Ash Quality Pipe Assemblies
-------
hour in 1.0 N HNO3, washing with laboratory detergent, rinsing 3 times with tap water,
3 times with sterilized deionized water, and finally, rinsing with 90 percent alcohol before
allowing to dry.
The inner container is placed in the outer container with enough vermiculite to
position it in the center. Additional vermiculite is added and tapped down gently. The
temperature pellet assembly is inserted alongside the inner pipe. Finally, the outer
container is sealed by securing the other end cap.
5.1.3.3 Spiking Procedure. The incinerator was charged with nine standard pipes
prior to the start of operation to representatively test the firebox area which has the
greatest potential for cold spots. The pipes were manually placed directly on the
incinerator floor as equally spaced as possible and documented. A layer of bagged
wastes were placed over the pipes as a shield against gas burner flame impingement
during warmup. Three more standard pipes and connected mesh pipes were charged at
intervals corresponding to first charge, midday (approximately halfway through the burn
cycle), and last charge. The pipes were placed in the ram hopper with the bags and fed
by the ram during a normal charge cycle.
5.1.3.4 Sample Recovery. The pipes were recovered from the incinerator each
morning following a cool down period. The ash cleanout door was opened at about
7:00 a.m., and the ignition chamber allowed to cool until about 7:30 a.m. During this
period, the locations of the samples on the incinerator floor were recorded to the extent
possible. The samples were recovered and the hot ashes removed from the ignition
chamber. The contents of each pipe were removed and placed in a separate Ziploc
plastic bag. These bags are tagged according to the location previously recorded. The
pipe samples were maintained near 4°C in an ice cooler with provisions to protect them
from contamination from melting ice.
5.1.4 Modified CMesh^ Ash Quality Pipe Spiking Procedure
In addition to utilizing the standard pipe samples as in the previous three MWI
tests, this test utilized an alternate design for the pipe samples. The previous approach
used heavy steel pipes. The present theory is that, due to their weight, these pipes fall to
the floor relatively quickly after being charged into the incinerator. An alternate design
5-6
-------
based on a wire mesh wrap rather than a steel pipe was tested at the Lenoir MWI. The
lighter wrapped sample was anticipated to behave more like typical medical wastes fed
to the incinerator, with less tendency to fall to the floor during the burn cycle.
5.1.4.1 Spiking Equipment. A drawing of the modified (mesh) pipe sample is
shown in Figure 5-2. The assembly uses the same inner containers charged with
lyophilized spore material equalling approximately 1 x 107 spores as described in
Section 5.1.3.1. These inner tubes were assembled in a blanket of insulation and wire
mesh which are wired together.
5.1.4.2 Spiking Preparation. The inner containers were cleaned and disinfected
as previously described in Section 5.1.3.2. These pipes are filled with 1 x 107 spores and
freeze dried by American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Maryland as mentioned
previously. The inner containers were then wrapped with high temperature fabric type
insulation and steel wire mesh. The assembly was then secured together with wire to
prevent unraveling.
5.1.4.3 Spiking Procedure. Three modified (mesh) pipes individually attached to
the three standard pipes were charged throughout the day (i.e., first charge, midday, last
charge). These spikes were placed directly with the bags prior to the normal ram
charging cycle. Four modified (mesh) pipes were placed directly in the spore bags and
charged at 2-hour intervals during the 8-hour test.
5.1.4.4 Sample Recovery. The mesh pipe samples were recovered in exactly the
same manner as described in Section 5.1.3.4.
5.1.5 Microbial Analysis
The quantity of viable spores was determined from the pipe samples and the
direct ash samples. Sample preparation for the two sample types is discussed below.
5.1.5.1 Pipe Sample and Ash Analytical Preparation Procedure. The sample
preparation and analysis scheme for the pipe and ash samples are presented in
Figures 5-3 and 5-4. The contents of the inner container of the pipe and mesh samples
and the direct ash samples were transferred to a sterile incubation tube. The inside of
the sample containers were rinsed with sterile phosphate buffer solution into the
incubation tube. Any glassware used for this transfer procedure was rinsed with sterile
5-7
-------
L/l
OO
r— Inner Pipe (containing spores)
r-r/
Wire Mesh
Kaowoot Insulation
Figure 5-2. Modified (Mesh) Ash Quality Pipe Assembly
-------
1 screened liter ash
sample mixed well
Measure pH on-site
Make 3 aliquots by adding
1 g ash to 100 ml
buffer solution
Prepare six log
serial dilutions
Vacuum filter each serial dilution
through separate sterile cellulose nitrate
filter (0.2 Aim)
Lay each filter on a separate
agar plate
Incubate plates at 65°C for 24 hours
Recheck at 48 hours
Perform plate counts
Confirm indicator organism using gram stain,
colonial morphology and appropriate
biochemical tests as needed
Determine ratio of colonies to the total
volume of ash in drum and adjust to find
total number of spores remaining viable
through incinerator cycle
Ash 10 g ash to 20 ml sterile
deionized water. Allow ash
to settle
Calibrate pH meter and measure
pH of liquid portion of sample
Figure 5-3. Analysis Scheme for Microbial Testing of Ash Samples
5-9
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Recovered inner
container
Transfer contents
to a incubator tube
Rinse inner tube
with sterile phosphate
Buffer into the
Incubator tube
Vacuum filter through separate sterile
Nalgene®cellulose nitrate 0.
filter unit
Lay each filter on a separate
agar plate
Incubator plates at 65°C for 24 hours
Recheck at 48 hours
Enumeratic colonies of B. stearothermophilus
on filters
Figure 5-4. Analysis Scheme for Pipe Sample Microbial Viability Tests
5-10
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deionized water into the incubation tubes. The direct ash samples were well mixed and
aseptically added to 100 mL of sterile deionized water before further processing.
5.1.5.2 Colonial Enumeration and Identification Procedure. Agar plates are
prepared by pouring the molten trypticase soy agar into a sufficient number of petri
dishes for both sample and field blanks. The media is then allowed to harden. Each
sample is then filtered through a separate vacuum filter unit employing a sterile cellulose
nitrate filter (0.2 /^m). The incubation tube is rinsed with sterile deionized water and
poured thr>_ ,.gh the filter as well. Each filter is removed from the filtering unit using
sterile forceps and placed face up on an agar plate. The plates are placed in plastic bags
and incubated in an air convection incubator at 65°C for 48 hours of incubation. The
plates are then removed from the incubator and colonies of B. stearothermophilus are
quantified. A variety of tests including a gram stain and biochemicals can be used if
needed to confirm that the colonies are B. stearothermophilus.
5.2 ASH SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Incinerator bottom ash was removed from the incinerator daily following the
previous day's test runs. The ash is removed with a shovel that has been cleaned as
much as possible and disinfected with three percent H2O2 solution to reduce
contamination by native spores or carry over from previous test runs. The ash is
deposited into clean disinfected (with three percent H2O2 solution) 35-gallon garbage
cans and allowed to cool. After the ash samples have cooled, small samples are
randomly removed from each drum using a disinfected sample thief and composited to
provide as representative a sample as possible. The composited sample (approximately
3 liters) is mixed well, and then three samples are removed and placed in clean 900 mL
sample jars. One jar is sent to RTI for microbial analysis. Another jar is sent to McCoy
labs for carbon content, moisture content, and LOI analysis. The third jar is used to
determine pH and then archived for later use, if necessary. All jars are sealed to
prevent contamination and stored in a clean environment. Samples intended for
microbial analysis are stored in an ice bath or refrigerator to assure that the spores
remain dormant during the storage time between sample collection and analysis.
5-11
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6. INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
Specific Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures were strictly
adhered to during this test program to ensure the production of useful and valid data
throughout the course of the project. The QA/QC checks and procedures described in
this section represent an integral part of the overall sampling and analytical scheme.
Section 6.1 presents the data quality and decision criteria. Section 6.2 presents the
QA/QC procedures for process sampling and incinerator spiking procedures. Section 6.3
presents QA procedures for microbial survivability testing.
6.1 DATA QUALITY AND DECISION CRITERIA
The overall QA/QC objective is to ensure precision, accuracy, completeness,
comparability, and representativeness for the test parameters called for in this test
program. The terms used to define the QA/QC objectives are designed as follows:
• Data Quality: The characteristics of a product (measurement data) that
bear on its ability to satisfy a given purpose. These characteristics are
defined as follows:
Precision - A measure of mutual agreement among individual
measurements of the same property, usually under prescribed
similar conditions. Precision is best expressed in terms of the
standard deviation (or the relative standard deviation). Various
measures of precision exist depending upon the prescribed
conditions.
Accuracy The degree of agreement of a measurement (or an
average of measurements of the same thing), X, with an accepted
reference or true value, T, usually expressed as the difference
between two values, X-T, or the difference as a percentage of the
reference or true value, 100 (X-T)/T, and sometimes expressed as a
ratio, X/T. Accuracy is a measure of the bias in a system.
Completeness A measure of the amount of valid data obtained
from a measurement system compared with the amount that was
expected to be obtained under prescribed test conditions.
Comparability A measure of the confidence with which one data
set can be compared with another.
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Representativeness - The degree to which data accurately and
precisely represent a characteristic of a population, variations of a
parameter at a sampling point, or an environmental condition.
• Quality Control: The overall system of activities whose purpose is to
provide a quality product or service: for example, the routine application
of procedures for obtaining prescribed standards of performance in the
monitoring and measurement process.
• Quality Assurance: A system of activities whose purpose is to provide
assurance that the overall quality control is being done effectively.
Further,
It is the total integrated program for ensuring the reliability of
monitoring and measurement data.
It is a system for integrating the quality planning, quality assessment,
and quality improvement efforts of various groups in an organization
which empowers operations to meet user requirements
economically. In pollution measurement systems, quality assurance
is concerned with the activities that have an important effect on the
quality of the pollutant measurements, as well as the establishment
of methods and techniques to measure the quality of the pollution
measurements. The more authoritative usage differentiates between
"quality assurance" and "quality control," in that quality assurance is
the "system of activities to provide assurance that the quality control
system is performing adequately."
6.2 QC PROCEDURES FOR ASH AND PIPE SAMPLING
As stated in Section 5.1, the incinerator waste charges were spiked with
B. stearothermophilus in both wet and dry forms. Solutions of B. stearothermophilus
were spiked into the incinerator to coincide with daily ash sampling. Assessments of
B. stearothermophilus survivability could then be made. A pre-aliquoted stock solution
of wet spores of approximately 500 mL was deposited onto paper waste material and
placed in a new, clean plastic garbage bags for each spike. This package was then added
to the normal waste loads at given spiking times. Freeze-dried quantities of
B. stearothermophilus were placed in sealed pipes (See Figure 5-1 and 5-2) to determine
the viability of "thermally shaded" microbial matter.
6-2
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For both wet and dry spore spiking procedures, only pre-cleaned/disinfected
materials were used for handling, application, and transport. The wet spore aliquots
were divided and sealed by the manufacturer. This prevented any losses of material
during shipment or upon application. The empty solution container was also placed in
the spiked waste charge. The spiked charge was tied closed and placed in an upright
position in the ram feeder. Personnel handling the spiking material used disposable
plastic gloves to prevent any cross-contamination.
The inner containers for the pipe samples were acid washed and alcohol
disinfected. These were then placed in clean plastic Ziploc baggies awaiting the dry
spore charge. The dry spore material was received from the manufacturer in sealed,
metal tubes. This allowed for easy and complete transfer of all the spore material into
the outer container.
In conjunction with the wet spore/microbial survivability tests, incinerator ash was
collected from the previous test run before each test day. The ash was also -analyzed for
carbon, LOI, and moisture content, as well as indicator spores. All of the ash was
removed from the incinerator bed every morning (as much as humanly possible) and
placed in four or five garbage cans. Using a sample "thief, representative samples were
taken, composited to an approximate three liter total and placed in pre-cleaned, amber
glass bottles. All material used for sampling, sample compositing, and sample aliquoting
was cleaned and disinfected with three percent H2O2 solution to prevent any sample
contamination.
During the ash removal process, the pipe samples were also recovered. The outer
containers were allowed to cool and then opened. The inner container was removed and
placed in a clean, dry Ziplock baggie, labeled and packed in ice for shipment to the
laboratory.
6.3 MICROBIAL SURVIVABILITY TESTING QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures followed during spore
enumeration and verification procedures (analysis) are documented in Table 6-1. An
aliquot from one batch of the wet spore spiking slurry was sent to Research Triangle
6-3
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TABLE 6-1. INDICATOR SPORE TESTING QA/QC CHECKS
Sample Type
Frequency
QA/QC Check
Wet Spores
Ambient Field Blank
Pipe Sample
Field Blank - Pipe
Sample
Pre-Test Ash Blank
1 per test
1 per test
1 per test
1 per test
Verify manufacturer's wet spore count by
sending an aliquot from one slurry to lab
for spore count.
Fully prepare pipe sample without
spore charge inside incinerator to check
for handling contamination.
Prepare pipe sample without spore
charge, pass through incinerator, and send
to lab for spore count to determine if
handling or lab contamination has
occurred.
Collect ash sample prior to any spiking of
indicator spores and sent to lab for spore
count to determine if handling or lab
contamination has occurred or any
background spores exist in the ash.
6-4
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Institute (RTI) to verify the manufacturer's count. These results are listed in Table 6-2.
The sample was analyzed as having a count of 5.4 x 107 ±8.5 x 106 viable spores/ml.
A non-charged pipe sample was analyzed to check for contamination during
preparation or recovery procedures. These results are shown in Table 6-2. This sample
had a count of 1.7 x 109 ±5.0 x 108 viable spores/pipe based on RTYs analysis.
A blank ash sample was collected prior to the test program to check for the
presence of background or native indicator spore species prior to any spiking.
These results were shown in Table 2-4. Background spores were found in the
pretest ash sample and quantified at < 28,986 by RTI.
6-5
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TABLE 6-2. WET AND DRY SPORE SPIKE STOCK ANALYSIS
(LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 1991)
Sample ID
LMR-79
Dry Spore Stock
LMR-78
Wet Spore Stock
Manufacturer's Count
(spores/pipe)
1.0 x 107
6.0 x 108b
Confirmation Average3
(spores/ml)
5.4 x 107 ±8.5x 106
1.7 x 109 ±5.0x 108
aAs analyzed by RTI.
bBased on total count by the University of Alabama of 3.00 x 1011 divided by a
volume of 500 ml.
6-6
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7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The following section presents a summary of the results and conclusions from the
microbial survivability retests conducted at the Lenoir Memorial Hospital MWI. In
addition, recommendations for future testing are given.
Data from the direct ash analysis were inconclusive. Large numbers of surrogate
indicator spores were detected in the ash samples for Runs 1 and 2 but not Run 3. The
reasons for this are not known. This suggests poor microbial destruction in Runs 1 and
2. Run 3, however, reflects better destruction. This was not expected since all three
tests were performed at identical conditions. Furthermore, the results of analysis
repetitions are inconsistent and give poor analytical precision.
Additionally, a large number of spores were found in the pretest ash sample (an
amount comparable to the largest amount found during a run). The cause for this is
unknown. The possibility that the spores survived and thrived in the incinerator
environment since the previous tests (June 1990) is considered remote. Sample
contamination during spiking/recovery and or laboratory analyses is a possibility but has
neither been proven nor disproven. The existence of spores in the background (pretest)
samples prevents calculation of a microbial survivability number based on ash analysis.
This method is only useful if no spores (or very small numbers) are found in the pretest
ash.
More research and method development is needed to prove or disprove
contamination theories. Also, the role of ash interference and its effect on microbe
recoveries needs some further investigation. In addition, to provide method validation,
larger numbers of analysis repetitions will be required to provide a statistical basis for
quantification of viable spores, detection limits and enumeration error limits.
Data from the pipe method tests showed some discrepancies also. Surrogate
indicator spores were essentially completely destroyed in Runs 1 and 2. However,
significant numbers were found in Run 3. Again, the reasons for this are unknown since
all these runs were at the same conditions. This phenomena does not correlate well with
7-1
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the ash data. In fact, it is contradictory. The largest number of surviving pipe spores
occurred when the least amount of spores were found in the ash (Run 3).
Combustion theory would suggest that both methods should track each other (i.e.,
better combustion would provide better burnout and thus better destruction in the ash
and at the same time, reach the temperatures needed to thermally destroy the organisms
in the pipes). Further tests will be required to explore this mechanism further.
Others observations from the pipe data can be noted as follows:
• Attempts to discern trends in the data failed to show any significant
differences between the spiking methods (i.e., in bags, direct spiking, or on
the floor).
• When spores were found in significant numbers, they were found in
significant numbers in some of the pipes spiked by each of the methods.
• When spores were not found in significant numbers, they were not found in
significant numbers in some of the pipes spiked by each method.
The length of time a pipe spent in the incinerator yielded no discernable patterns
in spore destruction either. Additionally, little difference was noted between the two
types of outer containers used. This observation indicates that the temperatures in the
incinerator were maintained long enough to permit the interior of the pipes to reach
equilibrium temperature regardless of the thickness and type of insulation used. The use
of the lighter mesh packages did appear to prevent the pipe from falling directly to the
bottom right after spiking and thus more closely pattern the fate of the waste material.
During Runs 2 and 3, the mesh containers in the spore bags were wetted with
liquid spore stock. This method worked well from a logistics standpoint. In future tests,
it may be considered that both ash and pipe methods may be combined in this manner.
However, the analysis for spores on the mesh insulation yielded no significant numbers
of spores found. This is contradictory to the ash results.
Although data from the pipe tests appear to be somewhat more conclusive than
the direct ash results, further method development will be required to validate this
method. Again, larger number of samples should be run to determine enumeration, and
7-2
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accuracy limits and prove repeatability. The issue of background contamination is
non-existent since the spores are encased in the metal pipes.
Finally, the potential for combining both the ash and the pipe techniques by
wetting the outer insulation warrants further investigation.
7-3
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APPENIDX A
REFERENCE TEST METHODS
A.I EPA Draft Method "Microbial Survivability
Test for Medical Waste Incinerator Ash"
A.2 Addendum "Microbial Analyses of Incinerator
Samples from Lenoir County Hospital (February 1991)
A.3 Standard Methods of Water and Wastes 209G
A.4 ASTMD 3178-84 Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis
Sample of Coal and Coke
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APPENDIX A.1
EPA DRAFT METHOD "MICROBIAL SURVIVABILITY TEST FOR
MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR ASH"
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MICROBIAL SURVIVABILITY TEST FOR MEDICAL WASTE
INCINERATOR ASH
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. Two test methods will be performed to determine the
survivability of microorganisms in the ash during the normal operation of the
medical waste incinerator. The quantification of surviving indicator
organisms is utilized as an indication of the effectiveness of incineration as
a medical waste treatment technology. This test procedure is intended to
recover, identify and quantify the indicator organisms used to determine the
efficiency of the incinerator. Bacillus stearothermophilus, a spore forming
bacterium, is used because this type of organism is typically the most
resistant to thermal inactivation, thereby ensuring that more fragile
organisms will be destroyed. The following procedures were developed to
recover only the indicator organism.
1.2. Principle. With the incinerator operating under recommended
conditions, the waste stream is charged with known quantities of Bacillus
stearothermophilus spores in items normally found in the medical waste stream
and in the insulated pipes. The samples are added to the incinerator with
typical medical wastes and are recovered at the end of the burn cycle when
ashes are batch-removed. The destruction efficiency of the incinerator is
determined by establishing the survivability of the indicator microorganism.
2. Apparatus
Note; Mention of trade names or specific product in this method does not
constitute endorsement by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2.1 Sterilization. Autoclave capable of steam sterilization conditions
of 121'C for 15 minutes at 15 psi. Specific apparatus and reagents that
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/nntr Container
v.m
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136.1 g monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2POJ in water and diluting to
1 liter.
3.2.3 Trypticase Soy Agar Growth Medium. Prepare by mixing 15.0 g
pancreatic digest of casein, 5.0 g papaic digest of soy meal, 5.0 g NaCl, and
15.0 g agar with 1 liter of water. Boil to dissolve the agar. Sterilize at
121°C for 15 minutes. This recipe will prepare 10 petri dishes.
4. Procedure
4.1 Sampling.
4.1.1 Sample Preparation.
4.1.1.1 Clean the inner pipe and caps before use. Remove the cap from
the spore vial and breakup the spore cake using a clean instrument. Secure
one end cap to the inner container. Carefully transfer the crushed cake of
1 x 106 spores into the inner sample container, and seal the other end cap.
All sampling instruments (i.e. sampling thief) used to take the actual sample
are sterilized. Sterile sample containers for the ash samples are obtained.
4.1.1.2 Secure one end cap to the outer container, and add enough
vermiculite to allow the inner container to be positioned in the approximate
middle and center of the outer tube. Add additional vermiculite, gently
tapping the outer container to effect settling, until full. Secure the other
end cap. The spore inoculation techniques are discussed in Appendix A.3 will
be used for inoculation of waste items for direct ash sampling. A total of
1 x 1012 spores are added to the waste stream per sampling day.
4.1.2 Incinerator Spike. The incinerator spike will vary according to
loading practice. For semi-continuous loading operations, add a set of three
samples to the incinerator at the beginning, middle, and end of a normal day's
loading period (9 total samples per daily burn). Disperse each sample per set
in different sections of the wastes to be charged. For single-charge batch
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filter, for each serial dilution, filter each concentration from each ash
suspension. Using sterile tweezers, remove the filters from each unit and
place face up on separate agar plates. Aerobically incubate the plates in an
air convection incubator at 65*C for 18 to 24 hours.
4.3.4 Identification of Indicator Microorganisms. A variety of tests
may be used to identify B. stearothermoohilus. As a minimum, techniques to
establish that the microorganisms found are gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-
producers should be used. This may be performed using stain/morphological/
biochemical tests or by strip/card testing units for determining biochemical
profile.
4.4 Quality Control Procedures.
4.4.1 Indicator Organisms. Spores from a vial not subjected to the
incinerator test shall be dissolved in spore reagent, appropriately aliquoted
to yield a final plate count of between 20 and 200 colonies, developed, and
enumerated simultaneously with the samples as a control to aid in establishing
colony identity.
5. Calculation
5.1 Microbial Survivabil ity of Indicator Spores.
MS - [1 - (SyS.)] 100 Eq. 1
where:
MS - Microbial Survivabil ity, percent (to 6 sig. figures).
Sr - Number of spore colonies counted in the analysis.
Ss - Number of spores in original spike vial.
100 - Conversion to percent.
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MICROBIAL ANALYSES OF INCINERATOR SAMPLES FROM LENOIR COUNTY HOSPITAL (FEB.
1991)
Ash Analysis
T!Ash will be first be analyzed using the method 'Ash Analysis Without
Dilution' (see attatched). The remainder of each ash buffer suspension
will be refrigerated until quantifiable analytical results are obtained.
2. If microbial colonies on petrl dish are TNTC, three log dilutions of the
ash buffer suspensions will be analyzed as in 'Ash Analysis With Dilution'
(see attatched)
Pipe Analysis
Each pipe will be analyzed using the method 'Pipe Analysis' (see attached)
Spore Confirmation
Samples will be analyzed using the methods 'Spore Spike Analysis' and 'Dry
Spore Analysis' (see attached)
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ASH ANALYSIS WITHOUT DILUTION (2/91)
Materials (per sample)
Nalge filters (9)
TSA plates (9)
1-ml pipets (9)
sterile bottles with 0.5 M phosphate buffer (3)
Method
1. The ash sample (as received) is stirred using a stirring rod. A one gram
sample is removed and placed in 100 ml of 0.5 M phosphate buffer
(triplicate 1 g samples).
2. The suspension is Inverted several times to mix, and one ml samples (in
triplicate) are filtered through a Nalge membrane filter unit.
3. The membrane 1s removed and placed on a tryptlcase soy agar plate and
incubated at 55 *C for 48 hours. 8. stearothermophllus colonies are
identified morphologically and enumerated visually.
4. The remainder of each ash suspension 1s refrigerated until final results
are obtained.
5. If the results are TNTC, ash suspensions are analyzed by 'Ash Analysis
with Dilution'.
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ASH ANALYSIS WITH DILUTION (2/91)
Materials (per sample)
Nalge filters (36)
TSA plates (36)
1-ml pipets (36)
10-ml pipets (9)
sterile bottles with 0.5 M phosphate buffer (9)
Method
1. A bottle with remaining ash suspension from one ash sample is well mixed,
and 1 ml (1n triplicate) is filtered through a membrane filter unit. This
1s repeated for the remaining two suspensions.
2. The suspension 1s Inverted several times to mix, a ten ml sample is
removed and placed 1n 90 ml buffer to produce a 1E-1 dilution. This
procedure 1s repeated two additional times to produce dilutions that are
1E-2 to 1E-3 of the original suspension. Similar dilutions are prepared
for the remaining two suspensions (total no. dilution bottles = 9),
3. From each dilution, a one ml sample (1n triplicate) 1s filtered through a
Nalge membrane filter unit.
4. The membranes are removed and placed on a tryptlcase soy agar plate (one
per plate) and Incubated at 55 *C for 48 hours. B. stearothermophilus
colonies are Identified morphologically and enumerated visually.
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IMPINGER ANALYSIS WITHOUT DILUTION (2/91)
Materials (per sample)
Nalge filters (6)
TSA plates (6)
1-ml pipets (3)
Method
1. The train rinses are combined, 1f there are multiple sample bottles, in a
sterile 10-L bottle. The weight of the sample 1s recorded as each liter
is added.
2. The 10-L bottle 1s mixed thoroughly Initially and between each subsequent
aliquot. Three 10 ml allquots are withdrawn with a sterile plpet and each
1^ Altered through a sterile Nalge filtration unit. The filters are then
p :ed on tryptlcase soy agar, put 1n zlplock bags, and Incubated at 55 *C
for 48 hours. B. stearothermophllus colonies are identified
morphologically and enumerated visually
3. After thorough mixing of remaining solution, three 100 ml allquots are
poured directly onto each of 3 Nalge filter units and plated as 1n step 2.
4. The remaining solution 1s well mixed, 100 ml 1s measured Into a sterile
graduated cylinder, placed 1n a sterile bottle, and refrigerated.
5. If the plates with 10 ml allquots are TNTC, remaining 1mp1nger sample Is
analyzed by method 'Implnger Analysis with Dilution1.
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IMPINGER ANALYSIS WITH DILUTION (2/91)
Materials (per sample)
Nalge filter units (30)
TSA plates (30)
1-ml plpets (30)
10-ml plpets (9)
bottles with sterile phosphate buffer (9)
Method
1. The remaining 1mp1nger solution 1s well mixed, and 10 ml allquots (1n
triplicate) are removed with a sterile plpet and placed 1n a membrane
filter unit.
2. The remaining liquid 1s Inverted several times to mix, and a ten ml sample
1s removed and placed 1n 90 ml buffer to produce a 1E-1 dilution (
triplicate samples). This procedure 1s repeated two additional times to
produce dilutions that are 1E-2 and 1E-3 of the original solution.
Similar dilutions are prepared for two additional 10 ml allquots from the
remaining 1mp1nger solution (total no. dilution bottles » 9).
3. From each dilution, a one ml sample (1n triplicate) 1s filtered through a
Nalge membrane filter unit. The membrane 1s removed and placed on a
tryptlcase soy agar plate and Incubated at 55 *C for 48 hours. B.
stearothermophllus colonies are Identified morphologically and enumerated
visually.
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SPORE SPIKE SOLUTION ANALYSIS (2/91)
Materials (per sample)
Nalge filter units (9)
ISA plates (9)
1-ml pipets (9)
10-ml pipets (5)
sterile bottles with 0.5 M phosphate buffer (6)
Method
1. Vial is thoroughly shaken; 1 ml removed with sterile pipet and placed into
100 ml 0.5 M sterile phosphate buffer.
2. Log serial dilutions are prepared in sterile buffer to give a final
dilution spore cone, of "10-30 spores/ml.
3. Aliquots of the final dilution are removed and filtered through a Nalge
membrane unit (1 ml In triplicate; 10 ml 1n triplicate).
4. Petrl dishes (tryptlcase soy) with filters are Incubated at 55 *C;
colonies are enumerated at 48 hours.
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DRY SPORE SPIKE ANALYSIS (2/91)
Materials (per sample)
Nalge filter units (9)
ISA plates (9)
1-ml plpets (9)
10-ml pipets (5)
sterile bottles with 0.5 M phosphate buffer (6)
Method
1. Dry spores are broken up with a sterile glass rod and quantitatively
transferred to a bottle with 100 ml sterile distilled DI water.
2. After mixing, 10 ml of soln (1) is placed into 90 ml sterile water.
3. AHquots of solution (2) are removed and filtered through a Nalge nembrane
unit (1 ml 1n triplicate).
4. Petrl dishes (tryptlcase soy) with filters are Incubated at 55 *C;
colonies enumerated after 48 hours.
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PIPE ANALYSIS (2/91)
Materials (per pipe)
Nalge filter unit (1)
TSA plate (1)
10 ml pipets (2)
Method
1. The pipe samples are carefully opened at both ends and the Inside of the
two end caps are rinsed with 4 x 2.5 ml sterile distilled deionized water
directly Into a Nalge filter.
2. A 10 ml aliquot of sterile water 1s then used to rinse out the Inside of
the tube Into the same Nalge filter.
3. The filters are then placed on tryptlcase soy agar, placed 1n zlplock
bags, and Incubated at 55 *C. B. stearothermophllus colonies are
Identified morphologically and enumerated visually after 48 hours.
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PIPE DRY INSULATION ANALYSIS
Materials
ISA Plates (12)
1-liter bottles (2)
Dilution bottles (3)
Sterile Saline Phosphate Buffer (FTAb) (1 L)
Tween 80
Automatic Pipettor
Method
1. Prepare insulation sample extract (0.1% Tween in saline buffer) by adding
1 ml Tween 80 to 1 L prepared buffer, autoclave.
2. Weigh whole insulation sample (~100 g), record weight.
3. Place sample in 1-L sterile bottle.
4. Add 500-600 ml buffer/Tween to thoroughly wet sample.
5. Place closed flask on wrist action shaker for 15 minutes.
6. Shake well, prepare 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 dilutions by successively removing 1
ml liquid from previous dilution and placing in 9 ml sterile buffer/Tween.
Vortex between dilutions.
7. Plate 200 uL in triplicate from original extract, 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3
dilutions.
8. Filter remaining sample diluent through a sieve to capture the large
pieces of insulation. Squeeze insulation with a pipet to remove excess
water.
9. Filter diluent through a 0.2 micron filter.
10. Suspend filter in 5 ml FTAb buffer/0.1% Tween, vortex thoroughly, and
plate 0.5 ml in triplicate on TSA plates.
11. Incubate plates at 55 *C for 48 hours, enumerate colonies.
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PIPE WET INSULATION ANALYSIS
Note: One insulation sample was received in a bag filled with water.
Consequently, it was analyzed using the follwing procedure:
1. Remove excess water and measure volume using sterile flask.
2. Transfer wet insulation to sterile tared bottle and weigh.
3. Add sterile 0.1% Tween 80 in phosphate buffer to bottle and place on
shaker for 15 minutes.
4. Prepare 10-1 to 10-3 serial dilutions of extract by successive transfer of
1 mL insulation extract into 9 mL sterile 0.1% Tween in buffer.
5. Prepare 10-1 to 10-3 serial dilutions of excess water by successive
transfer of 1 mL water into 9 mL sterile 0.1% Tween in buffer.
6. Plate 200 uL of each dilution in triplicate on TSA agar and incubate at 55
*C for 48 hours.
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Quality Control for Incinerator Sample Analysis (2/91) '
Materials
Nalge filter units
ISA plates
Sterile 0.5 M phosphate buffer
Sterile water
Method
1. One control plate will be prepared at the beginning and end of the sample
filtration period for each batch of samples of a given type.
2. For pipe and 1mp1nger samples, control plates will be prepared by
filtering 2 ml of sterile water from the same batch used to rinse the
pipes or wet filter before filtering 1mp1nger samples.
3. For ash, liquid spore, and dry spore samples, control plates will be
prepared by filtering 1 ml of sterile water and 1 ml of sterile 0.5 M
buffer from the same batch used to prepare sample dilutions.
4. Control plates will be placed 1n a zlplock bag along with sample plates and
incubated with sample plates.
-------
APPENDIX A.3
STANDARD METHODS OF WATER AND WASTES 209G
-------
RESlOUE/NonfiltratW* Voi«l« & Fixtd Matter
97
larger volume of sample. Let stand quies-
cent for I hr and. without disturbing the
settled or floating material, siphon 250 mL
from center of container at a point halfway
between the surface of the settled sludge
and the liquid surface. Determine non-
hltrable residue (milligrams per liter) of
this supernatant liquor (Section 209D).
This is the nonsettling matter.
4. Calculation
m§ sctileable matter L
• mf suspended matter/L
- m| nonsettleable matter'L
209 G. Volatile and Fixed Matter in Nonfiltrable Residue and in
Solid and Semisolid Samples
1 General Discussion
This method is applicable to the deter-
mination of total residue on evaporation
and its fixed and volatile fractions in such
sofa and semisolid samples as river and
lake sediments, sludges separated from
wuer and waste water treatment process-
es, and sludge cakes from vacuum filtra-
tion, centnfugation. or other sludge dewa-
tenng processes.
The determination of both total and vol-
uile residue in these materials is subject to
"eiative error due to loss of ammonium
carbonate [(NH^COj] and volatile organ-
* matter while drying. Although this is
t"* also for wastewater. the effect tends
10 be more pronounced with sediments.
especially with sludges and sludge
«n
The mass of organic matter recovered
sludge and sediment requires a long-
time than that specified for resi-
from waste waters, effluents. or poi-
nters. Carefully observe specified
time and temperature to control
of volatile inorganic salts.
weighings quickly because wet
tend to lose weight by evapora-
• After drying or ignition, residues of-
"* yery hygroscopic and rapidly ab-
' "toisture from the air.
Sections 209A.2 and 209B.2.
3. Procedure
a. Solid and semisolid samples:
I) Total residue and moisture —
a) Preparation of evaporating dish —Ig-
nite a clean evaporating dish at 550 = 50 C
for I hr in a muffle furnace. Cool in a des-
iccator, weigh, and store in a desiccator
until ready for use.
b) Fluid samples—If the sample con-
tains enough moisture to flow more or less
readily, stir to homogenize, place 25 to
50 g in a prepared evaporating dish, and
weigh to the nearest 10 mg. Evaporate to
dryness on a water bath, dry at 103 C for I
hr. cool in an individual desiccator con-
taining fresh desiccant. and weigh.
c) Solid samples—If the sample con-
sists of discrete pieces of solid material
(dewatered sludge, for example), take
cores from each piece with a No. 7 cork
borer or pulverize the entire sample
coarsely on a clean surface by hand, using
rubber gloves. Place 25 to 50 g in a pre-
pared evaporating dish and weigh to the
nearest 10 mg. Place in an oven at 103 C
overnight. Cool in an individual desiccator
containing fresh desiccant and weigh. Pro-
longed heating may result in a loss of vola-
tile organic matter and (NH4>iCOi. but
it usually is necessary to dry samples
thoroughly.
2) Volatile residue—Determine volatile
residue, including organic matter and vol-
atile inorganic salts, on the total residue
A-195
-------
SALINITY
99
209 H. References
I Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water
md Wastes. 1974. U.S. EPA. Technology
Transfer, 62S-/6-74-003. pp. 266-267.
2. SOKOLOFF. VP 1933. Water of crystalliza-
tion in total solids of water analysis. Ind.
Eng. Chtm.. Anal. Ed. 5:336.
209 I. Bibliography
THEHIAULT, E.J. A H.H. WAGENHALS. 1923.
Studies of representative sewage plants.
Pub. Health Bull. No. 132.
HOWARD. C.S. 1933. Determination of total
dissolved solids in water analysis. Ind.
Eng. Chtm.. Anal. Ed. 5:4.
SYMONS. G.E. A B. MokEY. 1941. The effect of
drying time on the determination of solids
m *ewage and sewage sludges. Sewage
Works J. 13:936.
FISCHEH. A.J. & G.E. SYMONS. 1944. The de-
termination of settleable sewafe solids by
weight. Water Works Sewage 91:37.
DECEN. J. 4 F E. NUSSIERGER. 1956. Notes on
the determination of suspended solids.
Senate Ind. Wanes 28:237.
CHANIN. G.. E.H. CHOW. R.B. ALEXANDER A
J. POWEM. 1958. Use of flats fiber niter
medium in the suspended solids determina-
tion. Stwagt Ind. Wastes 30:1062.
NUSIAUM. I. 1958. New method for determina-
tion of suspended solids. Sewage Ind.
Wastes 30:1066.
SMITH. A.L. & A.E. GREENIERO. 1963. Evalu-
ation of methods for determining sus-
pended solids in wastewater. J Water Pol-
lut. Control Fed. 35:940.
GOODMAN, B.L.. 1964. Processing thickened
sludge with chemical conditioners. Pages
78 et seq in Sludge Concentration. Filtra-
tion and Incineration. Univ. Michigan Con-
tinued Education Ser. No. 113. Ann Arbor.
WYCKOFF, B.M. 1964. Rapid solids determina-
tion using ftais fiber filters. Water Sewage
Works 111:277.
210 SALINITY
Salinity is an important measurement in
the analysis of certain industrial wastes
and seawater. It is denned as the total sol-
ids m water after all carbonates have been
convened to oxides, all bromide and io-
dide have been replaced by chloride, and
all organic matter has been oxidized. It is
numerically smaller than the filtrable resi-
due and usually is reported as grams per
kilogram or pans per thousand (*/M).
Associated terms are chloriniry, which
includes chloride, bromide, and iodide, all
reponed as chloride, and chlorosity,
*hich is the chlohnity multiplied by the
water density at 20 C. An empirical rela-
tionship1 between salinity and chlonmty
often is used:
Salinity. •/*• - 0.03 + 1.805 (cMonmty, •/«•>
Selection of method: Three procedures
are presented. The electrical conductivity
tA) and hydrometric (B) methods are suit-
ed for field use along a shoreline or in a
small boat. For laboratory or Aeld analysis
of estuahne or coastal inlet waters the ar-
gentometrk method (C) is recommended.
A-197
-------
APPENDIX A.4
ASTM D 3178-84
CARBON AND HYDROGEN IN THE ANALYSIS SAMPLE OF COAL AND COKE
-------
D3178
TOTAL CARBON \ND TOTAL HYDROGEN
4. Summary of Method
4.1 The determination of carbon and hydro-
ien is made by burning a weighed quantity of
simple in a closed system and fixing the products
of combustion m an absorption train after com-
plete oxidation and purification from interfering
substances. This test method gives the total per-
centages of carbon and hydrogen m the coal as
analyzed, and includes the carbon in carbonates
and the hydrogen in the moisture and in the
water of hydration of silicates.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Carbon and hydrogen values are used to
calculate the amount of oxygen (air) required in
combustion processes, and in the calculations of
efficiency of combustion processes.
5.2 Carbon and hydrogen determinations are
used in material balances on coal conversion
processes: also one or the other is frequently used
m correlations of chemical and physical proper-
ties, such as yields of products in liquefaction.
reactivity in gasification, and the density and
porosity of coal.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Oxygen Purifying Tram, consisting of the
following units arranged as listed in the order of
passage of oxygen:
6.1.1 First Water Absorber—A container for
the solid dehydrating reagent. It shall be so con-
structed that the oxygen must pass through a
column of reagent adequate to secure water equi-
librium equal to that secured in the prescribed
absorption train. A container of large volume
and long path of oxygen travel through the re-
agent will be found to be advantageous where
many carbon and hydrogen determinations are
made.
6.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Absorber—A container
for solid carbon dioxide absorbing agent It shall
be constructed as described in 6.1.1 and shall
provide for a column of reagent adequate to
remove carbon dioxide completely.
6.1.3 Second Water Absorber, same as speci-
fied m 6.1.1
6.2 Flowmeter, used to permit volumetric
measurement of the rate of flow of oxygen during
the determination. It shall be suitable for mea-
suring flow rates within the range from SO to 100
mL/mm (standard temperature and pressure).
The use of a double-stage pressure-reducing reg-
ulator with gage and needle valve preceding the
first water absorber is recommended to permit
easy and accurate adjustment of the rate of flow.
6.3 Combustion Unit—The combustion unit
shall consist of three electrically heated furnace
sections, individually controlled, which may be
mounted on rails for easy movement: the upper
pan of each furnace may be hinged so that it can
be opened for inspection of the combustion tube.
The three furnace sections shall be as follows:
6.3.1 Furnace Section I. nearest the oxygen
inlet end of the combustion tube, approximately
130-mm long and used to heat the inlet end of
the combustion tube and the sample. It shall be
capable of rapidly attaining an operating temper-
ature of 850 to 900'C (Note 2).
6.3.2 Furnace Section 2. approximately 330
mm in length and used to heat that portion of
the tube filled with cupnc oxide. The operating
temperature shall be 850 ± 20*C (Note 2).
6.3.3 Furnace Section 3. approximately 230
mm-long. and used to heat that portion of the
tube filled with lead chromate or silver. The
operating temperature shall be 500 * 50"C.
NOTE 2—Combustion tube temperature shall be
measured by means of a thermocouple placed imme-
diately adjacent to the tube near the center of the
appropriate tube section.
6.3.4 Combustion Tube—The combustion
tube shall be made of fused quartz or high-silica
glass4 and shall have a nominal inside diameter
which may vary within the limits of 19 to 22 mm
and a minimum total length of 970 mm. The
exit end shall be tapered down to provide a
tubulated section for connection to the absorp-
tion train. The tubulated section shall have a
length of 20 to 25 mm, an internal diameter of
not less than 3 mm. and an external diameter of
approximately 7 mm. The total length of the
reduced end shall not exceed 60 mm. If a trans-
lucent fused quartz tube is used, a transparent
section 190-mm long, located 250 mm from the
oxygen inlet end of the tube, will be found con-
venient (see Fig. I).
6.3.5 Combustion Boat—This shall be either
glazed porcelain, fused silica, or platinum. Boats
with internal dimensions of approximately 70 by
g by 8 mm have been found convenient.
4 Vvcor h« beta found ani&ctory for thn puipov.
419
-------
03178
x layer or "cap" of destccam shall be placed in
the outlet section of the container and shall be
(he same as that used in the water absorber. This
ijver shall have a bulk volume not less than one
fourth nor more than one third of the combined
volume of both reagents. If a liquid absorbent is
used, the inner tube of the Vamer bulb shall be
filled with the same desiccant used in the water
absorber. A glass wool plug shall be placed in the
outlet section of the container to prevent loss of
reagent "dust".
8.2.3 Guard Tube, packed wuh equal volumes
of the water absorbent and a solid carbon dioxide
absorbent.
8 2.4 Connections—To ensure a closed sys-
tem from the supply tank of oxygen to the guard
tube at the end of the absorption train, it is
recommended that all connections by gJass-to-
jlass or glass-to-quaru butt joints with short
lengths of flexible tubing as seals. The connection
between the purification train and the combus-
tion tube may be made by means of a rubber
stopper or other suitable device. All connections
shall be gas tight. No lubricant shall be used for
making tubing connections in the absorption
irain.
8.3 Conditioning ot Apparatus:
8.3.1 .Ven•/>• Packed Combustion Tube— Burn
a sample of coal or coke as described in 9.4
except that the products of combustion need not
be fixed in a weighed absorption train.
8.3.2 Used Combustion Tube—After any ex-
tended shut down, one day or more, test the
combustion train under procedure conditions.
but without burning a sample, for 40 mm with
weighed absorption bulbs connected. A variation
of not more than 0.5 mg of either bulb shall be
considered satisfactory.
NOTE 6—If the blank teas for flow indicate inter-
fering impuhoe* in the oxvfea supply by comment
weifbt-tua in UK ibmiyuun bulb*, rtiminitr taew
impurraa by usu« a prefieaier furnace sad tube, filled
with cupnc oxide. Operate thi* preaeuer furnace at
850 ± 2
-------
03178
>1
Fumoc* Section 2 iFurnoe* S«cnon 3i
( — Clear fused quartz section (optional) when a translucent quartz tube is used.
•)— -Cupnc oxide fillmf.
C— Lead chromate or silver filling.
p.. />.. or Pr— ondized copper gauze plu(s.
Son — All dimensions are given m centimetm- When furnace secuoru longer than those specified in 6.3 are to be uied. changes
,n the above dimensions shall be m accordance with the provisions of Note 5.
FIG. 1 Arru*«B«w»fTik« Fillip for Co«k«wio«T«fc.
The ^ mencan Soeiavfor Testing and Materials takes no nosinon resptamg ttie validitv ofanv patent ngnti asserted in connection
„///! jni- item mentioned m this standard. L'sers of this stancard are expressly advised tnat determination of the loitduv ofanv such
potent rights and the nsk of infringement of such rights, are fntirelv their own responsibility.
This standard is sub/eci to revision at anv time ftv the responsible technical committee and must be rrnevtd mervfive vears and
il not rrmed. either reapproved or withdrawn four comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
standards and should be addressed to <5T.W Headquarters. Your comments will receive cartful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which vou may attend If vou feel that vour comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make \-onr vie*-s known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. 1916 Race St.. Philadelphia. Pa. 19103
423
-------
APPENDIX B
PROCESS DATA SHEETS
-------
Page _ of __
PRETEST CHECKLIST
Facility: Lenior Memorial Hospital Person: Q a -/ J £*c • ' ,
Location: Kinston Date: ?_/ r, M/ '
Run No.: /
Hearth clean? c,l^{ fJM«
Under fire air
pressure checked?
Hearth seals checked? j\/ r ^
Preheat begun at: i r/ \ 0 ^- ' 1 r
Time synchronized?
Charging begun at: /f 1 / ' V/
,
PCHK-U4H
^^
'
i i
\i ^ I \
/ 1 i
^ "^ 1 1 / ' X \
1 0 ^ 0 ; . i 1
I
^__ 7:^7.;,- ,,, tA
x \ .. '-ij ^ y
/ / \ i;5/j* ->:> t
\
-------
Page of
CHARGING RECORD
FACILITY:
LOCATION:
DATE:
RUN NO.:
Lenoir Memorial Hospital
Kinston
t-/ /1MI
I
TIME OF FIRST CHARGE: i 0 ' l5 ' H 5
TIME OF LAST CHARGE: & ' H : If
AMOUNT CHARGED EACH HOUR:
Time period
0000-0059
0100-0159
0200-0259
0300-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-0759
0800-0859
0900-0959
1000-1059
1100-1159
1200-1259
1300-1369
1400-1459
1500-1559
1600-1659
1700-1759
1800-1859
1900-1959
2000-2059
2100-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359
TOTAL
Total charged, Ib
\15. 1
2J3.7
l.Tt. 1
*ir.3
T-17. 1*
i-HI'l
^£7t.f
(t/C.I
No. of charges
6
*
-------
Page of
PROCESS OPERATION—DAILY SUMMARY
Facility: Lenolr Memorial Hospital
Location: Kinston
Person:
Date:
Run No.:
Primary chamber temp., F
Secondary chamber temp., F
Natural gat, cf; cf/h
Total waste charged for test
period, to
Charge rate for teat period, to/h
Daily charge period, h
Total waste charged, to
Daily charge rate, to/h
Ash discharge, to
q £>
on
- b,//-
, 7
-------
Page _ of _
DAILY ' OG NOTES
Facility: Lenoir Memorial Hospital
Location: Kinston
3erson:
Dete:
Run No.:
Q K.*etili,
. 7
Gf ~*f
b* nrrke*}-
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/12/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Time
10:25:45
10:33:00
10:39:45
10:46:45
10:53:15
10:59:45
11:06:45
11:13:30
11:20:15
11:27:00
11:34:00
11:42:30
11:49:13
11:56:10
12:03:00
12:10:00
12:16:45
Main
chamber
emp.
993
1311
1211
1120
1356
1207
1125
1300
1523
1353
1544
1459
1280
1333
1541
1373
1587
1532
1329
1546
1769
1506
1720
1527
1286
1587
1584
1429
1751
1541
1419
1570
1484
1292
1670
1661
1506
1780
1678
1421
1704
1560
1371
1662
1544
1467
1675
1660
1485
Secondary
chamber
temp.
1103
1425
1257
1155
1467
1157
1152
2124
1457
1423
1665
1416
1300
2067
1530
1362
1770
1467
1344
2193
1750
1511
1633
1481
1360
1752
1510
1403
1682
1502
1424
1992
1516
1410
1879
1599
1610
1901
1617
1770
1752
1587
1582
1790
1573
1500
1977
1657
1574
Weight
34.2
27.4
27.9
27.6
37.2
31.6
35.7
23
33
26.9
29.4
33.4
25.4
26.9
30.5
29.2
30.7
Comment
3.7 - Radian spore bag
Spore pipe and spore wire mesh, 1 sharps container;
opacity, flames at top of stack
•
2 sharps containers, opacity
Opacity
Flames at top of stack, opacity
2 sharps containers
Radian spore bag
2 sharps containers
Flames at top of stack
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/12/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Time
12:23:45
12:30:15
12:37:30
12:44:15
12:51:00
12:58:30
13:05:00
13:11:30
13:19:00
13:26:00
13:32:15
13:39:15
13:46:00
13:53:00
14:00:00
14:07:00
14:14:15
Main
chamber
emp.
1657
1631
1469
1896
1670
1557
1835
1664
1560
1891
1748
1560
1962
1655
1481
1867
1722
1440
1676
1625
1449
1780
1624
1467
1772
1709
1472
1823
1593
1410
1728
1565
1478
1605
1758
1546
1624
1783
1679
1849
1857
1701
1830
1813
1599
1825
1739
1619
1861
1862
1672
1908
1872
Secondary
chamber
emp.
1980
1657
1547
1842
1633
1554
1835
1667
1930
1974
1665
1582
1802
1642
1551
1865
1680
1554
1719
1585
1728
1792
1623
1561
1794
1667
1578
1820
1620
1658
1689
1587
1704
2239
1777
1781
2150
1806
1720
2090
1806
1724
1924
1782
1687
1862
1717
1645
1802
1718
1667
2023
1778
Weight
29.8
30.7
29.9
24
24.9
26.4
33.4
29.8
28.4
30.2
32.5
29.4
29.3
32.3
30.8
37.5
31.8
Comment
Large plastic bucket In charge
Opacity, Radian spore bag
Change operators during lunch, opacity
First operator returned
Radian spore bag, flames at top of stack, opacity
Flames at top of stack, opacity
-
Spore pipe and spore wire mesh
3 sharps containers
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/12/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Time
14:21:15
14:31:30
14:35:30
14:45:30
14:52:15
15:02:15
15:09:45
15:16:00
15:22:30
15:33:30
15:40:30
15:47:00
15:54:00
16:04:15
16:10:45
16:17:30
16:29:45
Main
chamber
emp.
1701
1934
1875
1468
1852
1671
1534
1826
1826
1674
1796
1804
1589
1806
1904
1425
1795
1889
1710
1920
1798
1655
1769
1776
1689
1911
2043
1795
1575
1897
1801
1648
1870
1785
1697
1841
1663
1513
1876
1994
1780
1495
1842
1676
1564
1838
1899
1733
1831
2110
1856
1648
1489
Secondary
chamber
temp.
1709
2085
1798
1620
1820
1687
1630
2006
1787
1698
2301
1844
1737
2178
1861
1610
2027
1810
1896
1936
1784
1730
1855
U41
1711
2089
1873
1750
1647
1958
1785
1990
2110
1783
1779
1807
1701
1635
2301
1923
1800
1678
1843
1711
1757
2103
1828
'1747
2430
2004
1820
1717
1630
Weight
29.9
26.2
28.1
32.8
30.5
29.7
29.6
30.8
34
28.3
28.6
28.7
31.4
31
32
31.1
25.5
Comment
Flames at top of stack
Flames at top of stack, opacity
Flames at top of stack, opacity
1 red bag, opacity
1 large plastic sharps bucket
2 sharps containers, flames at top of stack, opacity
lockout
Flames at top of stack, opacity
2 sharps containers
lockout
-
2 sharps containers, flames at top of stack, opacity
lockout
Flames at top of stack, opacity
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/12/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
52
53
54
Time
16:39:15
16:46:15
16:53:15
17:00:00
17:02:15
17:14:15
17:15:00
Main
chamber
temp.
1989
1772
1473
1832
1830
1635
1832
1632
1502
1746
1794
1647
1541
1432
1356
1292
1239
1203
1167
1155
Secondary
chamber
temp.
2029
1788
1602
1928
1779
1696
1791
1673
1615
2110
1783
1700
1633
1564
1522
1486
1455
1433
1406
1396
Weight
29.6
29.7
27.5
Comment
Spore pipe and spore wire mesh, last charge;
1 sharps container, flames at top of stack
initiated burndown phase
-------
Page _ of __
PRETEST CHECKLIST
:acilrty: Lenlor Memorial Hospital
.ocation: Kinston
Person:
Date:
Run No.:
p
2/
Hearth clean?
Under fire air pressure checked?
Hearth seals checked?
Preheat begun at:
Time synchronized?
Charging begun at:
S /»*«•*( fJce-
n>*>
y
10 01.
\ \ L : H £
PCHK^IH
15,1
It
-------
Page of
CHARGING RECORD
FACILITY:
LOCATION:
DATE:
RUN NO.:
Lenoir Memorial Hospital
Kinston
unitl
2.
TIME OF FIRST CHARGE: / 0 , ' * ' ^ 5
TIME OF LAST CHARGE: lL'. ZL'.OO
AMOUNT CHARGED EACH HOUR:
Time period
0000-0059
0100-0159
0200-0259
0300-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-0759
0800-0859
0900-0959
1000-1059
1100-1159
1200-1259
1300-1359
1400-1459
1500-1559
1600-1659
1700-1759
1800-1859
1900-1959
2000-2059
2100-2159
2200-2259
2300-2359
TOTAL
Total charged, Ib
2.11, H
ZfcL?
m.3
z.n.7
•a.r0,?
2.2-1,9
2.1 1.5
nil,/
No. of charges
7
9
<7
-------
Page of
PROCESS OPERATION—DAILY SUMMARY
acility: Lenoir Memorial Hospital
ocation: Kinston
Person:
Date:
Run No.:
0. K
Primary chamber temp., F
Secondary chamber temp., F
Natural gas, cf; cf/h
Total waste charged for test
period, to
Charge rate for test period, to/h
Daily charge period, h
Total waste charged, b
Daily charge rate, b/h
Ash discharge, b
0'
6 (' Ml
-------
Pag« of
DAILY LOG NOTES
Facility: lenoir Memorial Hospital Person: j
Location: Kinston Date:
Run No.:
J 7. 3 I l» £ C |/ of-
gf ^c,,)- »f ,-*^. PrfkfJ (.
i«,^ Dc
' /£
U :
ONOTU-U4M
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/13/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Time
10:12:45
10:19:30
10:26:30
10:33:15
10:40:15
10:46:45
10:53:30
11:00:30
11:07:00
11:14:00
11:20:30
11:27:45
11:34:30
1 1 :40:45
11:48:15
11:55:00
12:02:30
Main
chamber
emp.
975
1062
1278
1175
1348
1382
1203
1394
1301
1146
1449
1414
1355
1510
1430
1206
1600
1295
1251
1389
1636
1376
1543
1424
1283
1544
1340
1185
1662
1508
1400
1662
1481
1331
1482
1640
1475
1732
1531
1418
1630
1653
1388
1705
1600
1390
1620
1666
1417
Secondary
chamber
temp.
1329
1838
1325
1178
1584
1294
1272
1333
1248
1177
1520
1358
1640
1675
1425
1280
1522
1340
1309
1990
1577
1430
1502
1417
1350
1546
1413
1359
1647
1482
1451
1824
1551
1680
2081
1691
1828
1746
1607
1698
1926
1692
1539
1865
1652
1536
2146
1727
1575
Weight
31.4
36.1
28.7
33
34.2
27.2
33.8
33.9
24.1
26.9
32.3
33.1
32.3
30.6
25.5
28.2
30.1
Comment
2 sharps containers
Radian spore bag
Spore pipe and spore wire mesh, 1 sharps container
1 red bag, 1 sharps container, opacity
opacity
opacity
opacity
Radian spore bag
opacity
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/13/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Time
12:10:30
12:17:15
12:24:30
12:31:15
12:38:15
12:46:00
12:53:15
13:01:45
13:08:30
13:15:15
13:22:45
13:29:00
13:35:45
13:43:15
13:49:30
13:56:15
14:04:00
Main
chamber
emp.
1584
1461
1242
1574
1386
1277
1503
1547
1347
1643
1655
1466
1765
1610
1438
1611
1486
1361
1785
1645
1557
1716
1518
1357
1693
1560
1441
1762
1595
1454
1635
1846
1720
1841
1847
1709
1844
1873
1659
1884
1858
1667
1823
1788
1705
1783
1924
1749
1907
1712
1534
1918
1819
Secondary
chamber
emp.
1669
1614
1586
1711
1580
1523
1940
1658
1544
1987
1731
1643
2022
1707
1616
1767
1664
1598
1756
1670
1898
1762
1652
1587
1835
1668
1619
1830
1678
1635
2133
1826
2092
2041
1807
1845
2128
1872
1786
1966
1854
2071
2005
1816
1784
2167
1921
1821
1965
1804
1996
2129
1859
Weight
33.9
27.4
32.9
26.7
29.2
29.3
29.8
30.2
29.3
38.8
30
31.6
29.1
31.7
37.4
24.8
33.5
Comment
Flames at top of stack, opacity
Flames at top of stack, opacity
opacity
Operator change
opacity
Radian spore bag, flames at top of stack, opacity
Secondary reached 2200 F
2 sharps containers, flames at top of stack;
opacity (1.5 min)
opacity (1.25 min)
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/13/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Time
14:11:45
14:18:15
14:25:30
14:32:30
14:39:30
14:46:30
14:53:45
15:01:00
15:09:30
15:18:45
15:25:30
15:32:23
15:39:23
15:46:06
15:53:28
16:00:28
16:06:50
16:13:56
Main
chamber
emp.
1511
1798
1484
1410
1817
1792
1609
1770
1811
1576
1713
1911
1697
1724
1854
1651
1711
1957
1713
1837
1846
1588
1769
1826
1507
1789
1447
1715
1687
1579
1763
1632
1496
1617
1718
1541
1715
1759
1625
1736
1855
1664
1802
1830
1583
1765
1736
1633
1753
1856
1691
1671
1838
Secondary
chamber
emp.
1802
1888
1695
1651
1885
1784
1717
1955
1810
1704
2331
1947
1808
2311
1910
1785
2480
2014
1845
2121
1891
1762
2269
1893
1749
2018
1655
1921
1780
1711
1942
1751
1663
2158
1807
1705
2052
1807
1735
2177
1878
1741
2104
1860
1703
2068
1830
1744
2150
1895
1781
2381
1952
Weight
26.6
35
32.2
29.3
30.1
31.4
32.8
26.2
29.5
29.8
28.4
29.2
29
30.4
27.4
29.3
29.1
33.7
Comment
ight rain beginning
1 sharps container
ight rain
Flames at top of stack
Flames at top of stack
Flames at top of stack, opacity
opacity
Spore pipe
Radian spore bag, opacity
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/13/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
53
54
55
56
57
58
Time
16:20:48
16:27:40
16:35:00
16:41:35
16:49:02
16:56:00
17:00:00
Main
chamber
temp.
1684
1793
1909
1715
1791
1831
1708
1969
1881
1765
1855
1837
1697
1854
1717
1634
1763
1833
Secondary
chamber
temp.
1802
2153
1897
1801
2146
1835
1779
1990
1852
1817
1951
1832
1764
1943
1793
1749
2001
1824
Weight
28.3
27.9
25.5
26.9
24.6
21.5
Comment
Running out of trash
Spore pipe and spore wire mesh
out of trash
-------
Page _ of _
PRETEST CHECKLIST
r 1\
Facility: Lenlor Memorial Hospital Person: -
Location: Kinston Date: i.*,* / -1 i
Run No.: "?
Hearth clean?
Under fire air pressure checked? ^/- co^s o 'c (
Hearth seals checked?
PCHK-U4H
Preheat begun at: ( 0 .' 03 »'
Time synchronized? HZH^_
Charging begun at: 'fl '
-------
Pag« of
CHARGING RECORD
FACILITY:
LOCATION:
DATE:
RUN NO.:
Lenoir Memorial Hospital
Kinston
*M IM
s
TIME OF FIRST CHARGE: '•#' 1 L r^
TIME OF LAST CHARGE: L\ .$ L ' 1 >' f *,
AMOUNT CHARGED EACH HOUR:
Time period
0000-0059
0100-0159
0200-0259
0300-0359
0400-0459
0500-0559
0600-0659
0700-0759
0800-0859
0900-0959
1000-1059
1100-1159
1200-1259
1300-1359
1400-1459
1500-1559
1600-1659
1700-1759
1800-1859
1900-1959
2000-2059
21 00-21 59
2200-2259
2300-2359
TOTAL
Total charged, Ib
T-l^.l
2.7Z.3
1SQ.-L
l-tf.O
2.J3.?
17M
i.41.1
175?. S
No. of charges
7
1
2
1
8
1
9
5*
-------
Page of
PROCESS OPERATION—DAILY SUMMARY
Facility: Lenoir Memorial Hospital
Location: Kinston
Person:
'Dale:
Run No.:
Primary chamber temp., F
Secondary chamber temp., F
Natural gas, cf; cf/h
Total waste charged for test
period, to
Charge rate for test period, to/h
Daily charge period, h
Total waste charged, to
Dally charge rate, to/h
Ash discharge, to
M
Cfdd
b
c
-------
Page of
DAILY LOG NOTES
Facility. Lenotf Memorial Hospital _ Person: D, /<
Location: Kinston _ Data: 1 Il I °\l
Run No.: j
2-7,3
f!rr*t\j at 5' 4/ Q
n
in :\T-\OO
/1 • (7; jj n '.m'OQ-
(C«J
Pf
u
J
ONOTU-UIH
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/14/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Time
10:02:15
10:03:15
10:10:30
10:12:00
10:18:30
10:25:15
10:32:15
10:39:15
10:46:30
10:53:30
11:00:15
11:07:30
11:14:00
11:21:00
11:27:45
11:34:30
11:41:00
Main
chamber
temp.
210
210
455
714
896
963
969
955
1167
1061
956
1014
1073
1059
1169
1341
1565
1510
1411
1349
1318
1339
1197
1385
1614
1504
1552
1423
1320
1556
1538
1330
1478
1455
1312
1459
1547
1340
1509
1590
1349
1566
1591
1497
1642
1657
1501
1608
1639
Secondary
chamber
temp.
390
1003
1137
1214
1221
1239
1099
1195
1046
1001
1285
1340
1436
1999
1911
1524
1765
1387
1378
1585
1353
1267
1841
1584
1466
1462
1391
1351
1941
1561
1425
1839
1519
1440
1860
1571
1453
1723
1564
1472
1720
1534
1505
1668
1575
1519
1913
1630
Weight
27.3
33.3
33.1
32.6
31.4
26.3
34.9
28.3
27.1
31.9
31.2
31.8
29.5
27.5
32.8
Comment
bags protecting spore pipes during preheat
preheat started
primary burner cycling
Radian spore bag, spore pipe, and spore wire mesh
1 orange bag
Opacity
1 red bag
Flames at top of stack, opacity
Spore pipe - Blank;
flames at top of stack, opacity
2 sharps containers
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/14/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Time
1:47:45
1:55:00
12:02:00
12:10:30
12:17:30
12:24:45
12:31:30
12:38:45
12:45:30
12:52:45
13:00:00
13:07:15
13:13:45
13:20:45
13:27:12
13:33:41
13:40:40
13:48:07
Main
chamber
emp.
1478
1599
1771
1608
1688
1752
1562
1706
1615
1384
1694
1806
1629
1789
1779
1622
1735
1580
1497
1864
1811
1615
1670
1819
1659
1762
1818
1546
1847
1743
1493
1741
1586
1471
1763
1725
1607
1699
1649
1565
1685
1770
1544
1749
1661
1511
1706
1819
1683
1736
1893
1669
1943
Secondary
chamber
emp.
1551
2106
1728
1622
2006
1732
1643
1955
1704
1561
2102
1797
1695
2200
1790
1712
1756
1675
1630
2172
1831
1730
2197
1872
1764
2158
1861
1718
2065
1802
1801
1775
1700
1646
1837
1734
1689
1762
1708
1665
2122
1827
1799
1754
1714
1665
1985
1810
1738
2210
1898
1772
1938
Weight
29.1
31.4
28.2
29.1
32.3
28.3
34.6
35.9
31.5
30.3
30.3
29.9
30.9
28.2
28.3
29.9
28.3
32.5
Comment
26.6 Ibs - 1 large sharps container
Flames at top of stack, opacity
Flames at top of stack, opacity (1.5 min)
1 large sharps container
Radian spore bag, flames at top of stack, opacity
Flames at top of stack, opacity
opacity
Flames at top of stack, opacity
Spore pipe and spore wire mesh
-
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/14/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Time
13:55:31
14:02:02
14:08:58
14:16:45
14:23:30
14:30:45
14:38:00
14:39:30
14:56:15
15:03:30
15:10:15
15:18:00
15:24:45
15:32:15
15:38:45
15:45:45
15:53:00
Main
chamber
emp.
1909
1843
1899
1751
1676
1747
1803
1685
1867
1762
1574
1871
1720
1616
1888
1717
1557
1708
1856
1614
1825
2031
1574
1481
1851
1647
1575
1802
1660
1461
1722
1716
1620
1751
1656
1526
1660
1799
1802
1883
1935
1773
1833
1779
1735
1891
1805
1829
1855
1829
1697
1772
1901
Secondary
chamber
emp.
1833
1950
1832
1758
2038
2152
1831
1788
1961
1811
1710
1818
1753
1696
1833
1740
1685
2157
1866
1745
1962
1846
1687
1851
1853
1712
1687
1752
1696
1622
1977
1777
1730
1764
1701
1634
2205
1920
1838
2072
1880
1783
1814
1782
1762
1864
1866
1786
1957
1844
1768
2207
1956
Weight
30.7
29.8
29.8
29.5
32.3
29.5
28.1
27.6
26.8
32.3
29.3
30.2
28.7
32.2
29.2
28.8
30.4
Comment
Opacity
lockout
Opacity
-------
INCINERATOR DAILY OPERATIONAL DATA REPORT
DATE: 2/14/91
OPERATOR'S NAME: Lockwood
Feed
No.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Time
15:59:30
16:07:00
16:13:30
16:20:30
16:27:45
16:35:45
16:42:15
16:49:45
16:56:45
16:59:00
17:03:00
Main
chamber
temp.
1838
1941
1905
1808
1922
1873
1780
1931
1913
1874
1845
1985
1833
1935
1978
1961
1941
1978
1964
1928
1926
1867
1792
1845
1946
1947
1905
2012
1977
Secondary
chamber
temp.
1876
1948
1858
1826
1977
1850
1819
2008
1889
1860
2209
1982
1873
2093
1961
1888
1931
2025
1936
1891
1923
1844
1804
2072
1970
1887
2190
2042
1923
Weight
30.5
29.5
28.6
30.2
29.5
30.5
31.8
32.8
29.2
Comment
1 white bag
Opacity
Radian spore bag, opacity
Opacity
Spore pipe (CB) and spore wire mesh
Initiated burndown sequence
-------
APPENDIX C
LABORATORY ANALYSIS DATA FOR MICROBIAL VIABILITY
-------
03/13/91 10 22 09195-418000 PROCESS RESEARCH 3001
RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
Sample I.D. No. Bacillus stearothernophllus spores/pipe
LHR-40 fi—
LHR-41 o
LHR-42 0
LHR-43 0
LHR-44 23
LMR-45 >27
LHR-46 89
LMR-47 74
LMR-48 40
LMR-49 2
LMR-50 279
LMR-51 >57
LHR-52 46
LMR-53 14
LHR-54 20
LMfi-55 42
LHR-56 12
LMR-57 8
LMR-M 5
LMR-59 0
LMR-60 0
Utt-61 13
LMR-62 11
LMfi-63 4
LMR-77 0
Nott: All QA/QC lab control suples showed no Bacillus
stMrothenwphllus spores
Calc.:(No. cfu/plate)/l (recovery efficiency)
Post Oftice Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194 Telephone: 919-541-6000
-------
13/91
28
PROCESS
RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
MEMO
TO: Larry Roaesberg, Radian Corporation
FROM: Karen Hendry, Research Triangle Instltut*
SUBJECT; Pipe analysis of samples frcn Lenolr Moo rial Hospital
Incinerator, February, 1991
DATE: March 11, 1991
Sarole I.D. Ho. Bacillus ttearothennophnus sports/pipe
LMR-03 ~5
LMR-04 0
LMfl-OS 1
LMR-06 0
LMR-07 0
LMR-08 0
LMR-09 0
LMR-1Q 0
LJffi-11 0
LMR-12 0
UMR-13 0
LNR-14 0
LMR-19 >1
LMR-16 0
LMR-17 0
UK-18 0
Utt-19 0
LMft-20 0
LMR-25 0
LHR-26 0
LMR-27 0
LMR-28 0
LNR-29 0
LMR-30 >1
LKR-31 0
LHfi-32 0
LMR-33 0
Utt-34 0
LMR-35 0
LMR-36 0
LMR-37 0
LMR-38 0
UMR-39 n
-------
RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
MEMO
TO: Itrry Roaesberg, Radian Corporation
FROH: Karen Hendry, Research Triangle Institute
SUBJECT: Ash analysis of tuples from lenolr Memorial Hospital
Incinerator, February, 1991
DATEi March 13, 1991
le I.D. Ho. j
02 357s
tlUusttearothtriBophllui
-------
Note: All QA/QC lab control samples showed no Bacillus
sttarotheniophllus spores
Cilc.: No. cfu/plate x sport dilution factor
Pott Office Box 1219* Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194 Telephone: 919-541-6000
-------
ASH ANALYSES
I.D. LMR-02
No. Indeterminate
Note: Replicate results were too variable (ranged from 0-
TNTC). Also, when dilutions analyzed, all plates had
organisms on filters that were not the test organism.
I.D. LMR-22
No.= 9000 + 3000 spores/g ash
Note: One plate had organisms on filter that were not the
test organism.
I.D. LMR-75
No. est. >20,000 spores/g ash
Note: This estimate is based on TNTC in first dilution, but
all higher dilutions gave 'O1. This no. is reported because
of the possibility that organisms were not transferred to
higher dilutions.
I.D. LMR-81
No. = 130 + 110 spores/g ash
Note: This number is based on very low spore counts in first
dilution.
-------
PIPE ANALYSIS
I.D. Spore No.
LMR-03 0
LMR-04 0
LMR-05 1
LMR-06 0
LMR-07 0
LMR-08 0
LMR-09 0-test org. 1-thermophi1ic actinomycete
LMR-10 0
LMR-11 0
LMR-12 0
LMR-13 0
LMR-14 0
LMR-15 0
LMR-16 growth around filter
LMR-17 0
LMR-18 0
LMR-19 0
LMR-20 0
LMR-25 0
LMR-26 0
LMR-27 0
LMR-28 0
LMR-29 0
LMR-30 1
LMR-31 0
LMR-32 0
LMR-33 0
LMR-34 0
LMR-35 0
LMR-36 0
LMR-37 0
LMR-38 0
LMR-39 0
LMR-40 0
LMR-41 0
LMR-42 0
LMR-43 0
LMR-44 23
LMR-45 27 and one large patch
LMR-46 89
LMR-47 74
LMR-48 40
LMR-49 2
LMR-50 279
LMR-51 57 and growth around filter
LMR-52 46
LMR-53 14
LMR-54 20
LMR-55 42
LMR-56 12
-------
LMR-57
LMR-58
LMR-59
LMR-60
LMR-61
LMR-62
LMR-63
LMR-77
8
5
0
0
13
11
4
0
-------
CONTROL ANALYSIS
I.D. LMR-79 (dry spore control)
No. = 5.4 E07 + 8.5 E06 spores
I.D. LMR-78 (spore suspension)
No. = 1.7 E09 + 5.0 EOS spores/ml
spore suspension labeled 3.00 Ell spores
-------
INSULATION ANALYSIS
I.D. LMR-65
No. indeterminate 0 _3
Note: One spore on one replicate from 10 and 10 dilutions.
Also, one plate had an organism (other Bacillus sp.) that was
not the test organism.
I.D. LMR-66
No. = 0
Note: This sample was analyzed using the procedure for wet
insulation analysis.
I.D. LMR-67
No. = 0
Note: Two plates had an organism (other Bacillus sp.) that
was not the test organism.
I.D. LMR-68
No. = 0
Note: Two plates had an organism (other Bacillus sp.) that
was not the test organism.
I.D. LMR-70
No. indeterminate
Note: One spore o
sample diluent was not filterable.
I.D. LMR-71
Note: One spore on one replicate from the 10 dilution. The
No. = 0
Note: Three plates had an organism (other Bacillus sp.) that
was not the test organism.
I.D. LMR-72
No. = 0
Note: One plate had an organism (other Bacillus sp.) that was
not the test organism.
I.D. LMR-73
No. = 0
Note: The sample diluent was not filterable.
-------
SAMPLE 10-
3AMPLE ID NUMBERS:
SAMPLE DESCRIPT-
•3AMPLE SITE:
DATE ANALYZED-
:OMMENTS:
RAO LAN INCINERATOR ASt-
LMR-02
ASH FROM MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2-15-9'
DILUTION A1.B1. AND C1 FILTERS ALL HAD A
LIGHT COAT OF AS*.
RESULTS
3AMPLE-DIL-OUAM
NO. COLONIES 65 hrs.
START CONTROL - ASH C
JV1R-02-A1 - 1.00a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER » -1 TNTC
-3 2 PATCHES OF GROWTH
.MR-02-B1 - i OOa ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER ff
_MR_02-ci - 0.99a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER » -1
- 1cnr
0
- 1crr
?MD CONTROL - .ASH
-------
SAMPLE 1C-
SAMPLE ID NUMBERS.-
SAMPLE DESCRIPT:
SAMPLE SITE:
DATE AMALYZED:
COMMENTS:
RADIAN INCINERATOR ASt-
LMR-22
ASH FROM MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2-15-91
DILUTION A1.81 AND C1 FILTERS ALL HAD A
LIGHT COAT OF ASH.
RESULTS
1AMPLE-OIL-OUAN
START CONTROL - ASH
_MR-22-A1 - 1.06a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER » -1
-3
:-MR-22-61 - 0.99a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
-3
-MR-22-C1 - 1.00a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER ff -1
CONTROL - .ASH
NO. COLONIES 65 hrs.
TNTC
TNTC
TNTC
TNTC
TNTC
TNTC
0
-------
SAMPLE ID-
•SAMPLE ID NUMBERS:
SAMPLE DESCRIPT:
•SAMPLE SITE:
DATE ANALYZED:
X)MMENTS:
RADIAN INCINERATOR ASJ-
LMR-75
ASH FROM MEDICAL ^ASTE INCINERATOR
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2-15-91
DILUTION A1.81 AND C1 FILTERS ALL HAD A
LIGHT COAT OF ASH.
RESULTS
SAMPLE-OIL-OUAN
START CONTROL - ASH
LMR-75-A1 - t.OOa ASH/100m1 BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_3
.MR-"7 5-81 - 1 OOa ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 8
NO. COLONIES 65 hrs.
.MR-75-C1 - 1.00a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
-3
END CONTROL - .ASH
TNTC
1 - 2.5cm & 1cfu
TNTC
TNTC
^TC
TNTC
1 larae oatch of arowtr
TMTC
TNTC
-------
SAMPLE ID: RADIAN INCINERATOR ASh
•-AMPLE ID NUMBERS: LMR-81
SAMPLE DESCRIPT: ASH FROM MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOF
SAMPLE SITE: LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
DATE ANALYZED: 2-18-91
COMMENTS: DILUTION A1 .81 . .AND C1 FILTERS ALL HAD A
LIGHT COAT OF ASH.
RESULTS
:AMPLE-DIL-OUAN NO. COLONIES 43 hrs .
START CONTROL - ASH 0
_MR-81-A1 - 0.98a ASH/1 00ml BUFFER-
FILTER It
-2
.MR-81-B1 - 1.05a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER » -'•
-2
-2
-MR-81-C1 - 0.99a ASH/1 00ml BUFFER
FILTER tt
-2
-3
END CONTROL - ASH
'
C
-------
SAMPLE ID- RADIAN INCINERATOR ASH
-AMPLE 10 NUMBERS: LMR - 02
SAMPLE DESCRIP^ ASH FROM MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOF
SAMPLE SITE: LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
DATE ANALYZED: 2-20-9"
TOMMENTS: DILUTION A1 81 AND C1 FILTERS ALL HAD A
LIGHT COAT OF ASH.
*NOTE* ALL PLATES LABELED "SEE NOTE" HAD GROWTH
ON THE FILTERS THAT WAS NOT THE TEST ORGANISM.
THEREFORE. THESE GROWTHS WERE STREAKED ONTO
TRYPTICASE SOY AGAR (2 PLATES PER GROWTH)
-------
SAMPLE-DIL-OUAN
NO. COLONIES 40 nrr
_MR-02-61 - ' OOa 4SH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 9
_ •>
.MR-02-B2 - 10ml 81/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 9
_MR-02-B3 - 10ml B2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 9 -1
_MR-02-B4 - 10ml B3/90ml BUFFER
FILTER »
.MR-02-C1 - 0.99a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 9
_MR-02-C2 - !0ml C1/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 9
_o
_3
.MR-02-C3 - 10ml C2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 9 -1
_o
_3
.MR-02-C4 - 10ml C3/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 9 -1
SEE NOT?
0
SEE NOTE
0
0
0
SEE NOTE
SEE NOTE
0
0
SEE NOTE
0
0
0
0
0
0
END CONTROL - ASH
-------
SAMPLE ID: RADIAN INCINERATOR ASH
3AMPLE ID NUMBERS: IMR - 22
SAMPLE DESCRIPT: ASH FROM MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR
3AMPLE SITE: LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
DATE .ANALYZED: 2-20-91
COMMENTS: DILUTION A1. 81 AND C1 FILTERS ALL HAD A
LIGHT COAT OF ASH
*NOTE* ALL PLATES LABELED "SEE NOTE" HAD GROWTH
ON THE FILTERS THAT WAS NOT THE TEST ORGANISM.
^THEREFORE. THESE GROWTHS WERE STREAKED ONTO
TRYPTICASE SOY AGAR (2 PLATES PER GROWTH'
4ND INCUBATED AT 55 DEG C AND 37 DEG C FOR
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION.
RESULTS
•3AMPLE-DIL-OUAN NO. COLONIES 40 hrs.
START CONTROL - ASH C
-MR-22-A1 - 1.06a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER » -1 45cfu & SEVERAL LARGE PATCHES OF GROWTH
-2 58
-3 53
LMR-22-A2 - 10ml A1/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 9 -1 5
-2 '0
-3 11
.MR-22-A3 - 10ml A2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER » -•> 0
-2 0
-3 1
-MR-22-A4 - 10ml A2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER » ~1 0
-2 0
-3 0
-------
SAMPLE-DIL-OUAN
NO. COLONIES 40 nrs:
_MR-22-B1 - 0.99a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
-3
.MR-22-62 - 10ml 81/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -i
-->
19 cfu & 3/4 FILTER COVERED WITH GROWTH
10 cfu & 1/2 FILTER COVERED WITH GROWTH
35 cfu & SEVERAL LARGE PATCHES OF GROWTI-
4 cfu & SEE NOTE
_MR-22-B3 - 10ml 82/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
-3
_MR-22-B4 - 10ml B3/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_2
-3
_MR-22-C1 - I.OOa ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_o
-3
..MR 22-C2 - 10ml C1/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_3
J^R-22-C3 - 10ml C2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
-3
-MR-22-C4 - 10ml C3/90m1 BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_2
-3
TNTC
"HMTC
TNTC
'5
'4
0
0
0
END CONTROL - ASH
-------
SAMPLE ID:
SAMPLE ID NUMBERS:
SAMPLE OESCRIPT
SAMPLE SITE:
DATE ANALYZED:
COMMENTS:
3AMPLE-DIL-OUAN
START CONTROL - ASH
RADIAN INCINERATOR ASH
LMR - 75
ASH FROM MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATOR
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2-20-91
DILUTION A1 81. AND C1 FILTERS ALL HAD A
LIGHT COAT OF ASH.
RESULTS
NO. COLONIES 40 hrs.
0
LMR-75-A1 - 1.00a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER » -1
_o
-3
1MR-75-A2 - 10ml A1/90ml BUFFER
FILTER t» -1
_2
_3
.MR-75-A3 - 10ml A2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER » -1
_2
_3
•-MR-75-A4 - 10ml A2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER » -1
3/4 FILTER COVERED
4 LARGE PATCHES OF GROWTH
0
i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
SAMPLE-DIL-OUAN
NO. COLONIES 40 nrs
•.MR-75-B1 -
FILTER 9
ASH/100ml BUFFER
LMR-75-B2 - 10ml B1/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8
.MR-75-B3 - 10ml B2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER P -1
_•>
-3
.MR-75-6A - 10ml B3/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_MR-75-C1 - 1.00a ASH/100ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_o
-3
'_MR 75-C2 - 10ml C1/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_2
-3
;_MR-75-C3 - 10ml C2/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_2
-3
'.MR-75-C4 - 10ml C3/90ml BUFFER
FILTER 8 -1
_9
-3
END CONTROL/ASH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TNTC
TNTC
TNTC
0
0
Q
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
SAMPLE ID-
:AMPLE ID NUMBERS:
SAMPLE OESCRIPT:
SAMPLE SITE:
OATE .ANALYZED:
COMMENTS:
RADIAN SPORE PIPE?
SEE BELOW
INDICATOR SPORE PIPES FROM MEDICAL WASTE
INCINERATOR
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2-14-91
RESULTS
^>IPE SAMPLE 0
START CONTROL/PIPE
_MR 03
LMR 04
.MR 05
LMR 06
-MR 07
LMR 08
-MR 09
LMR 10
-MR 11
LMR 13
-MR 19
END CONTROL/PIPE
NO. COLONIES 89 hrs .
0
0
C
1 - 0.5cm
C
0
0
0 -6ST: 1 - THERMOPHILIC ACTINOMYCET
C
0
0
0
0
-------
SAMPLE ID-
:AMPLE ID NUMBERS:
SAMPLE DESCRIPT
SAMPLE SITE:
DATE ANALYZED:
COMMENTS:
RADIAN SPORE
SEE BELOW
INDICATOR SPORE PIPES FROM MEDICAL WASTE
INCINERATOR
LENDIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
2-15-91
RESULTS
SAMPLE 8
START CONTROL/PIPE
LMR 12
LMR U
_MR 15
l_MR 16
.MR 17
LMR 18
•-MR 20
LMR 25
.MR 26
LMR 2->
'.MR 28
LMR 29
LMR 30
LMR 31
•_MR 32
LMR 33
NO. COLONIES 65 hrs.
0
Q
0
0
•3ROWTH AROUND 1/2 OF EDGE OF FILTER
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 - 1cm
0
0
0
-------
PIPE SAMPLE tr N0. COLONIES 55 nrs
_MR 34
LMR 35
-MR 36
LMR 37
-MR 38
LMR 39
_MR 40
LMR 41
'.MR 42
LMR 42
_MR 77
END CONTROL/PIP?
0
C
0
c
0
c
0
c
0
c
0
n
-------
SAMPLE ID:
SAMPLE ID NUMBERS:
SAMPLE DESCRI&T:
SAMPLE SITE:
DATE ANALYZED:
COMMENTS:
RADIAN SPORE PIPES
SEE BELOW
INDICATOR SPORE PIPES FROM MEDICAL WASTE
INCINERATOR
LENOIR MEMORIAL HOSPITA-
2-18-91
RESULTS
^IPE SAMPLE »
START CONTROL/PIPE
:_MR 44
LMR 45
LMR 46
LMR 47
'.MR 48
LMR 49
.MR 50
LMR 51
-MR 52
LMR 53
LMR 54
LMR 55
LMR 56
LMR 57
LMR 58
LMR 59
MO. COLONIES 43 hrs .
C
23
"27 & 1 LARGE PATCH OF GROWTH - 2crr
99
74
40
o
'279
57 & GROWTH AROUND EDGE OF FILTER
46
14
20
42
12
8
5
0
-------
PIPE SAMPLE » NO. COLOJIES 43
_MR 60
LMR 61
'.MR 62
LMR 63
END CONTROL/PIPE
-------
4 -9l09:07flS/U
^T /^ f^
American Awe Culture V/ollection
Dflv« « KoekrlUe, MD ZM31 • Tdcpboic()«l) Ul-MM • Tekx: IM433 ATCCNORTH
PROJECT REPORT
8C 2754
FREEZE DRIED 6PORE6
AGENT: Bacillua atearothennophilua 7953
Label: none
Container: Special metal containers provided by Radian.
cryoprotectant: 1/2 strength TSOY broth with 10% sucroae and Z\ BSA
Spore Count: A one ml aliquot of pre-drled pre-heat shocked culture
tested positive for growth at a dilution of 1:10,000,000,000.
A one ml aliquot of post-heat shocked culture tested positive for
growth at a dilution of 1:100,000,000.
After freezc-drying two tubes of culture were rehydrated and tested
for growth. The spore count for each tube is 10,000,000 per tube.
-------
APPENDIX D
ASH AND PIPE RECOVERY DATA SHEETS
-------
FACILITY: L**
O V^3
* Position disturbed b
shovel during remova
ASH WEIGHTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
TOTAL
£*/.?
-7^, (^
/¥3, 3
-------
FACIUTY:
D l
LOCATION:
RUN NO.:
7
MW1
ASH & PIPE RECOVERY
DATA SHEET
po.2_oF_3
RUN DATE:
DATE:
BY:
DATE
BURN DOWN:' "7/3
DOOR OPENED:
5W
COMPLETED:
TIME
17'. '5
.' 67
f
,^
i
Section "A-A'
NOTES:
ujtatt
-^4
fr/m
. 1
PIPE # ID # DEPTH TMA:
O
O
7-
JtS
Jfi
45
Q » J1S
__O_-K MC
~o~^ ~q!
Position disturbed
shovel during remo\
ASH WEIGHTS
1
2
3
4
6
6
TOTAL
L3.1
nt'Z
/36. /
-------
FACILITY:
P
LOCATION:
RUN NO,:
3
MWl
ASH * PIPE RECOVERY
DATA SHEET
RUN DATE:
DATE.-
BY: <-R
BURN DOWN:
DOOR OPENED:
COMPLETED:
DATE
TIME
-^;6
7: <
Section "A-A"
NOTES:
\\kj- ^u-*^
o^
J_^k.
PIPE # ID # DEPTH TMAX
O
10
O
O
O
* Position disturbed fa-
shovel during remova
Ltal/fl
4-n
o..
ASH WEIGHTS
1
2
3
4
*
6
TOTAL
ft, 9
k//Z
)( %> /
-------
FACILITY
LOCATION
X
MICROBIAL SPIKING LOG
Pq
BY
_ot_
TEST
DATE
TEST
NUMBER
PIPE
PIPE
f2
PIPE
BAG
n
BAG
#2
BAG
#3
BAG
#4
COMMENTS
/o',3?
(as.
/ o ;
(A-fiJ)
//.'
3
/ 6 ; /
-------
LOCATION:
FACILITY :
ASH PH LOG
P8 /_<>«-
TEST
DATE
TEST
NUMBER
SAMPLE
DATE
REF
PH
(10.0)
ASH
PH
(M
ASH
PH
ASH
PH
AVERAQ6
^L
-------
CALCULATION SHEET
CALC. NO.
SIGNATURE.
PROJECT
DATE.
CHECKED.
JOB NO
DATE.
3/6
.jN.
SHEET.
OF.
.SHEETS
9000
Ib
95
*> ao, boo
.. -.,
_v\
j ^v=> -J- J^ «j [
*~ : * -
2.oLo<»=.
—
5 3 Si
.."> JU
•1—
1_
_ «. _
'« i ~
-------
KINSTON MICROBIAL METHOD EVALUATION TESTS SAMPLE LOG
Radian
Field No. Sample Code
LHR01
LMR02
LHR03
LHR04
LMR05
LMR06
LMR07
LMR08
LMR09
LMR10
LMR11
LMR12
LMR13
LMR14
LMR15
LMR16
LMR17
LMR18
LMR19
LMR20
LMR21
LMR22
LMR23
LMR24
LMR25
LMR26
LMR27
LMR28
LMR29
LMR30
LMR31
LHR32
LMR33
LMR34
LMR35
LMR36
LMR37
LMR38
LMR39
LMR40
LMR41
LMR42
LMR43
LHR44
LMR45
LHR46
LMR47
LMR48
LMR-0211-ASH-A
LHR-0211-ASH-B
LMR-0213-PIP-BK
LMR-0213-PIP-BU
LMR-0213-PIP-CC
LHR-0213-PIP-BD
LMR-0213-PIP-AT
LMR-0213-PIP-BQ
LMR-0213-PIP-CG
LMR-0213-PIP-AR
LMR-0213-PIP-BE
LMR-0213-PIP-AQ
LMR-0213-PIP-AL
LMR-0213-PIP-BA
LMR-0213-PIP-AN
LMR-0213-PIf-BG
LMR-0213-PIP-BZ
LMR-0213-PIP-CD
LMR-0213-PIP-BR
LMR-0213-PIP-AU
LMR-0213-ASH-A
LMR-0213-ASH-B
LMR-0213-ASH-C
LMR-0213-H20
LMR-0214-PIP-BF
LMR-0214-PIP-CA
LMR-0214-PIP-BM
LHR-0214-PIP-AS
LMR-0214-PIP-AX
LMR-0214-PIP-AM
LMR-0214-PIP-AD
LMR-0214-PIP-BC
LMR-0214-PIP-AH
LMR-0214-PIP-BO
LMR-0214-PIP-AI
LMR-0214-PIP-CF
LMR-0214-PIP-AB
LMR-0214-PIP-AP
LMR-0214-PIP-CH
LMR-0214-PIP-BB
LMR-0214-PIP-CE
LMR-0214-PIP-AV
LMR-0214-PIP-BY
LMR-0215-PIP-AZ
LMR-0215-PIP-AK
LMR-0215-PIP-CB
LMR-0215-PIP-AA
LMR-0215-PIP-BS
Sample
Date
2/11/91
2/11/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/13/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
Tare
Weight
270.9
264.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
264.1
269.7
277.1
286.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Total
Weight
942.8
865.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
854.2
790.4
895.1
>1000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Destination
RADIAN PPK
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RADIAN PPK
RTI
MCCOY LABS
Analysis
HOLD
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
HOLD
SPORE
COUNT
LO I /CARBON
Comments
ARCHIVE PRETEST
PRETEST ASH
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
ARCHIVE ASH
ASH SAMPLE
SAMPLE
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
tl
tl
tl
11
#1
#1
11
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl
SAMPLE RUN #1
ASH SAMPLE RUN #1
ASH SAMPLE RUN #1
HOLD
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
SPORE
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
PIPE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
tz
tz
12
#2
12
#2
12
#2
*2
tz
tz
tz
tz
tz
tz
tz
tz
tz
tz
*3
13
13
#3
#3
-------
KINSTON MICROBIAL METHOD EVALUATION TESTS SAMPLE LOG
Field N
LMR49
LMR50
LMR51
LMR52
LMR53
LMR54
LMR55
LMR56
LMR57
LMR58
LMR59
LMR60
LMR61
LMR62
LMR63
LMR64
LMR65
LMR66
LMR67
LMR68
LMR69
LMR70
LHR71
LMR72
LMR73
LMR74
LMR75
LMR76
LMR77
LMR78
LMR79
LMR80
LMR81
LMR82
Radian
o. Sample Code
LMR-0215-PIP-BN
LMR-0215-PIP-AC
LMR-0215-PIP-AY
LMR-0215-PIP-AG
LMR-0215-PIP-Ay
LMR-0215-PIP-BL
LMR-0215-PIP-AF
LMR-0215-PIP-AE
LMR-0215-PIP-BI
LMR-0215-PIP-AO
LMR-0215-PIP-BP
LMR-0215-PIP-
LMR-0215-PIP-BJ
LMR-0215-PIP-BH
LMR-0215-PIP-BX
VOID
LMR-0215-INS-??
LMR-0215-INS-A6
LMR-0215-INS-AE
LMR-0215-INS-AO
VOID
LMR-0214-INS-AD
LMR-0214-INS-AH
LMR-0214-INS-AB
LMR-0214-INS-AP
LMR-0214-ASH-A
LMR-0214-ASH-B
LMR-0214-ASH-C
LMR-0214-PIP-
LMR-0214-SPOUET
LMR-0214-SPODRY
LMR-0215-ASH-A
LMR-0215-ASH-B
LMR-0215-ASH-C
Sample
Date
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/14/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
2/15/91
Tare
Weight
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
265.1
266.5
297.9
NA
NA
NA
269.0
280.2
266.7
Total
Weight
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
522.
550,
550.
NA
NA
NA
721
802
794
1
; Destination
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
.3 RADIAN PPK
.8 RTI
.4 MCCOY LABS
RTI
RTI
RTI
.4 RADIAN PPK
.9 RTI
.7 MCCOY LABS
Analysis
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
HOLD
HOLD
HOLD
HOLD
HOLD
HOLD
HOLD
HOLD
HOLD
SPORE COUNT
LO I /CARBON
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
SPORE COUNT
HOLD
SPORE COUNT
LO I /CARBON
Conrtents
PIPE SAMPLE RUN 13
PIPE SAMPLE RUN «
PIPE SAMPLE RUN «
PIPE SAHPLE RUN #3
PIPE SAMPLE RUN «
PIPE SAMPLE RUN #3
PIPE SAHPLE RUN 13
PIPE SAMPLE RUN «
PIPE SAMPLE RUN #3
PIPE SAMPLE RUN 13
PIPE SAMPLE RUN 13
BLANK
PIPE SAMPLE RUN «
PIPE SAMPLE RUN #3
PIPE SAMPLE RUN 13
MESH INSULATION
MESH INSULATION
MESH INSULATION
MESH INSULATION
MESH INSULATION
MESH INSULATION
MESH INSULATION
MESH INSULATION
ARCHIVE ASH SAMPLE RUN #2
ASH SAMPLE RUN #2
ASH SAMPLE RUN #2
AMBIENT BLANK
WET SPORE STOCK
DRY SPORE STOCK
ARCHIVE ASH SAMPLE RUN «
ASH SAMPLE RUN 13
ASH SAMPLE RUN f3
-------
APPENDIX E
ASH BURNOUT ANALYSIS DATA
-------
McCoy & McCoy Laboratories, Inc.
a subsidiary of McCoy & McCoy Inc.
P 0 Box 907
85 East Noel Avenue
Madisonville, Kentucky 42431
Telephone 502/821-7375
Lexington, Ky.
606/233-7774
Louisville, Ky.
502/429-5777
Madisonville, Ky.
502/821-7375
Paducah, Ky.
502/444-6547
Pikeville, Ky.
606/432-3104
Evansville, In.
812/425-9288
RADIAN CORPORATION
ATTN: LARRY ROMESBERG
P 0 BOX 13000
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
RESEARCH TRIANbLE PARK
ANALYSIS REPORT
DATE: 3/01/91
REPORT NO: 910301100M
NC 27709
LOSS ON IGNITION
IDENTIFICATION
EPA KINGSTON, NC
FIELD #LMR 23
EPA KINGSTON, NC
FIELD KLMR 76
EPA KINGSTON, NC
FIELD ttLMR 71
SAMPLE
DATE
2/13/91
2/14/91
2/15/91
MOISTURE
1 .40%
1 .18%
0.46%
L.O.I.
7.84%
6. 12%
4 . 75%
TOTAL LOSS
9.13%
7 . 22%
5.19%
IDENTIFICATION
EPA KINGSTON, NC.
FIELD #LMR 23
EPA KINGSTON, MC
FIELD #LMR 76
EPA KINGSTON, NC
FIELD #LMR 71
SAMPLE DATE
2/13/91
2/14/91
2/15/91
AS RECEIVED
CARBON
2.25%
1 .76%
1 .64%
DRY BASIS
CARBON
2 . 28%
1 .78%
1 .65%
Submitted by ,,
DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PRINTED ON TAMPERPROOF PAPER FOR YOUR PROTECTION.
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