FINAL TEST REPORT
MAIN REPORT
FOR
USEPA TEST PROGRAM
CONDUCTED AT
PINE HALL BRICK PLANT
MADISON, NORTH CAROLINA
USEPA CONTRACT NO. 68-D2-0029
EMB WORK ASSIGNMENT 6
AUGUST 1993
ETS CONTRACT NO. 92-655
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 SUMMARY OF TEST PROGRAM 1
1.2 KEY PERSONNEL 2
2.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND SAMPLING LOCATIONS 2
2.1 CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND SCREENING OPERATION . . 2
2.2 SAWDUST DRYER OPERATION 3
2.3 FLUE GAS, PROCESS AND BACKGROUND SAMPLING
LOCATIONS 3
2.3.1 PLANT BOUNDARY LINE 3
2.3.2 PRIMARY CRUSHER 3
2.3.3 GRINDING BUILDING 4
2.3.4 KILN OUTER/SAWDUST DRYER INLET 4
2.3.5 CYCLONE OUTLETS 4
3.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS 4
3.1 OBJECTIVES AND TEST MATRIX 4
3.2 TEST MATRIX 5
3.3 FIELD TEST CHANGES AND PROBLEMS 5
3.3.1 AMBIENT SAMPLERS 5
3.3.2 SAWDUST DRYER SAMPLING 5
3.3.2.1 PERCENT ISOKINETICS 5
3.3.2.2 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING
CALIBRATION DRIFT 6
3.3.2.3 ANALYTICAL CHANGES AND PROBLEMS 6
3.3.2.4 MISCELLANEOUS CHANGES AND PROBLEMS 6
3.4 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 6
3.4.1 CRUSHING, GRINDING AND SCREENING
OPERATION SAMPLING 6
3.4.1.1 AMBIENT SAMPLING 6
3.4.1.2 PARTICULATE AND PM10 SAMPLING . 7
3.4.1.3 PROCESS SAMPLING 8
3.4.2 SAWDUST DRYER SAMPLING 8
3.4.2.1 PM, PM10, CPM EMISSIONS AND
PARTICLE SIZING 8
3.4.2.2 TRACE METALS EMISSIONS .... 9
3.4.2.3 TOTAL FLUORIDE RESULTS .... 9
3.4.2.4 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE EMISSIONS . . 9
3.4.2.5 CO EMISSIONS 9
3.4.2.6 NOX EMISSIONS 9
3.4.2.7 THC EMISSIONS 10
3.4.2.8 VOC EMISSIONS 10
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT Cont . }
3.4.2.9 SVOC EMISSIONS
3.4.2.10 PROCESS SAMPLING
4.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
4.1 TEST METHODS .................
4.1.1 AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER
(PM AND PM10) - HI-VOL ......... 1J-
4.1.1.1 AMBIENT HI-VOL AND PM10 ANALYSES11
4.1.2 VOLUMETRIC FLOW MEASUREMENTS ...... 11
4.1.3 MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATION ..... 1;L
4.1.4 FLUE GAS MOISTURE CONTENT ....... 12
4.1.5 PM10 SAMPLING-EPA METHOD 201 AND 201A . 12
4.1.5.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . • 12
4.1.5.2 PRE-TEST PREPARATION ..... 13
4.1.5.3 SAMPLING TRAIN OPERATION ... 13
4.1.5.4 SAMPLE TRAIN RECOVERY ..... 13
4.1.5.5 PM10 ANALYSES ......... 13
4.1.6 TOTAL FLUORIDE SAMPLING - EPA METHOD 13B 14
4.1.6.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 14
4.1.6.2 SAMPLING TRAIN OPERATION ... 14
4.1.6.3 SAMPLE RECOVERY ........ 14
4.1.6.4 FIELD BLANKS ......... 14
4.1.6.5 TOTAL FLUORIDE ANALYSES .... 14
4.1.7 MULTIPLE METALS WITH PM - EPA MULTI
METALS PROCEDURE ............ 15
4.1.7.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 15
4.1.7.2 SAMPLE TRAIN PREPARATION ... 15
4.1.7.3 SAMPLE TRAIN OPERATION .... 15
4.1.7.4 SAMPLE RECOVERY AND CLEAN-UP . 16
4.1.7.5 FIELD BLANKS ......... 16
4.1.7.6 PM ANALYSES - EPA METHOD 5 . . 16
4.1.7.7 MULTI-METALS ANALYSES
EPA MULTI-METALS ....... 16
4.1.8 PM10/CPM SAMPLING - EPA METHOD 201A/202 17
4.1.8.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 17
4.1.8.2 PRE-TEST PREPARATION ..... 17
4.1.8.3 SAMPLING TRAIN OPERATION ... 17
4.1.8.4 SAMPLE RECOVERY AND CLEAN-UP . 18
4.1.8.5 FIELD BLANKS ......... 18
4.1.8.6 CPM ANALYSES - EPA METHOD 202 . 18
4.1.8.7 PM10 ANALYSES - EPA METHOD 201A 19
4.1.9 PARTICLE SIZING - ANDERSON IMPACTOR . . 19
4.1.9.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 19
4.1.9.2 SAMPLING TRAIN OPERATION ... 19
4.1.9.3 SAMPLE RECOVERY AND CLEAN-UP . 19
4.1.9.4 ANDERSEN IMPACTOR ANALYSIS . . 20
4.1.10 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HF) - EPA METHOD 26 20
4.1.10.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 20
4.1.10.2 SAMPLE TRAIN OPERATIONS .... 20
4.1.10.3 SAMPLE RECOVERY AND CLEAN-UP . 20
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT (Cont.]
4.1.10.4 FIELD BLANKS 20
4.1.10.5 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE ANALYSES . . 21
4.1.11 CONTINUOUS MONITORING FOR 02/ C02, CO, NOX
AND THC - INSTRUMENTAL METHODS .... 21
4.1.11.1 SAMPLING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION . . 21
4.1.11.2 DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM .... 22
4.1.11.3 CALIBRATION 22
4.1.12 METHANE AND ETHANE SAMPLING
EPA METHOD 18 22
4.1.12.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 22
4.1.12.2 PRE-TEST BAG PREPARATION ... 23
4.1.12.3 SAMPLING TRAIN OPERATION ... 23
4.1.12.4 ETHANE AND METHANE ANALYSIS . . 23
4.1.13 VOLATILE ORGANICS SAMPLING 23
4.1.13.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 23
4.1.13.2 SAMPLE TRAIN OPERATION .... 23
4.1.13.3 SAMPLE RECOVERY AND CLEAN-UP . 24
4.1.13.4 FIELD BLANKS 24
4.1.13.5 VOLATILE ORGANICS ANALYSES . . 24
4.1.14 SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS SAMPLING 24
4.1.14.1 SAMPLING TRAIN DESCRIPTION . . 24
4.1.14.2 SAMPLE TRAIN OPERATION .... 25
4.1.14.3 SAMPLE RECOVERY AND CLEAN-UP . 25
4.1.14.4 FIELD BLANKS 25
4.1.14.5 SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS ANALYSES 25
5.0 QA/QC ACTIVITIES 26
5.1 EQUIPMENT QA PROCEDURES 26
5.2 EQUIPMENT QC PROCEDURES 26
5.2.1 EQUIPMENT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE . . 26
5.2.2 EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION 26
5.2.2.1 PITOT TUBES 27
5.2.2.2 IMPINGER THERMOMETER 27
5.2.2.3 DRY GAS METER THERMOMETER ... 27
5.2.2.4 FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE SENSOR . . 28
5.2.2.5 DRY GAS METER AND ORIFICE ... 28
5.3 SAMPLING QC PROCEDURES 29
5.3.1 PRE-TEST QC CHECKS AND PROCEDURES ... 29
5.3.2 QC CHECKS AND PROCEDURES DURING TESTING 29
5.3.3 QC CHECKS AND PROCEDURES AFTER TESTING . 30
5.4 ANALYTICAL QA PROCEDURES 30
5.5 ANALYTICAL QC PROCEDURES 31
5.6 QA/QC CHECKS OF DATA REDUCTION 31
5.7 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AND CUSTODY 31
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT (Cont.)
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1.1-1 TARGETED METALS 33
TABLE 1.1-2 TARGETED VOLATILE COMPOUNDS 34
TABLE 1.1-3 TARGETED SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS 35
TABLE 3.2-1 SAMPLING MATRIX FOR CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND
SCREENING OPERATIONS 36
TABLE 3.2-2 TEST MATRIX FOR KILN AND SAWDUST
DRYER OPERATIONS 37
TABLE 3.2-3 TEST MATRIX FOR THE GRINDING BUILDING AND
SAWDUST DRYER 39
TABLE 3.4.1-1 AVERAGE AMBIENT SAMPLING CONCENTRATIONS . 40
TABLE 3.4.1-2 SUMMARY OF METHOD 201: TOTAL FILTERABLE
PARTICULATE AND PM10: GRINDING-SCREENING
BUILDING DUCT #1 41
TABLE 3.4.1-3 SUMMARY OF METHOD 201: TOTAL FILTERABLE
PARTICULATE AND PM10: GRINDING-SCREENING
BUILDING DUCT #2 42
TABLE 3.4.2-1 SUMMARY OF FILTERABLE PARTICULATE AND METALS
EMISSIONS: SAWDUST DRYER INLET BUILDING . 43
TABLE 3.4.2-2 SUMMARY OF FILTERABLE PARTICULATE AND METALS
EMISSIONS: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A .... 44
TABLE 3.4.2-3 SUMMARY OF FILTERABLE PARTICULATE AND METALS
EMISSIONS: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B . . . . 45
TABLE 3.4.2-4 SUMMARY OF PM10 AND M202 RESULTS: SAWDUST
DRYER INLET 46
TABLE 3.4.2-5 SUMMARY OF PM10 AND M202 RESULTS: SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A 47
TABLE 3.4.2-6 SUMMARY OF PM10 AND M202 RESULTS: SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B 48
TABLE 3.4.2-9 SUMMARY OF TOTAL FLUORIDE SAMPLING: EPA METHOD
13B: SAWDUST DRYER INLET 49
TABLE 3.4.2-10 SUMMARY OF TOTAL FLUORIDE SAMPLING: EPA METHOD
13B: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A 50
TABLE 3.4.2-11 HF DATA AND RESULTS: EPA METHOD 26: SAWDUST
DRYER INLET 51
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT (Cont.)
TABLE 3.4.2-12 HF DATA AND RESULTS: EPA METHOD 26: SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
TABLE 3.4.2-13 HF DATA AND RESULTS: EPA METHOD 26: SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
TABLE 3.4.2-14 SUMMARY OF VOLATILE ORGANICS EMISSIONS: METHOD
0030: SAWDUST DRYER INLET 54
TABLE 3.4.2-15 SUMMARY OF VOLATILE ORGANICS EMISSIONS: METHOD
0030: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A 55
TABLE 3.4.2-16 SUMMARY OF VOLATILE ORGANICS EMISSIONS: METHOD
0030: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B 56
TABLE 3.4.2-17 SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FOR SEMI VOLATILE
COMPOUNDS: METHOD 0010: SAWDUST DRYER
INLET 57
TABLE 3.4.2-18 SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FOR SEMI VOLATILE
COMPOUNDS: METHOD 0010: SAWDUST DRYER
OUTLET A 58
TABLE 3.4.2-18 SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FOR SEMI VOLATILE
COMPOUNDS: METHOD 0010: SAWDUST DRYER
OUTLET B 59
TABLE 3.4.2-20 SUMMARY OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS:
EPA METHOD 25A: SAWDUST DRYER INLET ... 60
TABLE 3.4.2-21 SUMMARY OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS:
EPA METHOD 25A: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A . 61
TABLE 3.4.2-22 SUMMARY OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS:
EPA METHOD 25A: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B . 62
TABLE 3.4.2-23 SUMMARY OF ETHANE AND METHANE EMISSIONS:
EPA METHOD 18: SAWDUST DRYER INLET ... 63
TABLE 3.4.2-24 SUMMARY OF ETHANE AND METHANE EMISSIONS:
EPA METHOD 18: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A . . 64
TABLE 3.4.2-25 SUMMARY OF ETHANE AND METHANE EMISSIONS:
EPA METHOD 18: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B . . 65
TABLE 5.5-1 SUMMARY OF VOLATILE EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD 0030:
EPA GAS AUDIT CYLINDER #539 66
TABLE 5.5-2 SUMMARY OF VOLATILE EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD 0030:
EPA GAS AUDIT CYLINDER #540 67
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT (Cont.)
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1-1 PINE HALL BRICK FACILITY SIT PLAN 68
FIGURE 2.1-1 CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND STORAGE OPERATIONS
PROCESS SCHEMATIC AND EMISSIONS TESTING
LOCATIONS AT 69
FIGURE 2.2-1 SAWDUST DRYER PROCESS SCHEMATIC AND
EMISSIONS TESTING LOCATIONS AT 70
FIGURE 2.3.3-1 SCHEMATIC OF SAMPLING TRAVERSE POINTS FOR THE
GRINDING AND SCREENING BUILDING OUTLETS 71
FIGURE 2.3.4-1 SCHEMATIC OF THE SAMPLING LOCATION FOR THE KILN
OUTLET/SAWDUST DRYER INLET 72
FIGURE 2.3.4-2 SCHEMATIC OF SAMPLING TRAVERSE POINTS FOR THE
KILN OUTLET/SAWDUST DRYER INLET .... 73
FIGURE 2.3.5-1 SCHEMATIC OF THE SAMPLING LOCATION FOR THE
CYCLONE OUTLETS 74
FIGURE 2.3.5-2 SCHEMATIC OF SAMPLING TRAVERSE POINTS FOR THE
CYCLONE OUTLETS 75
FIGURE 4.1.5.1-1 EPA METHOD 201A SAMPLING TRAIN .... 76
FIGURE 4.1.5.1-2 EPA METHOD 201 SAMPLING TRAIN 77
FIGURE 4.1.6.1-1 EPA METHOD 13B SAMPLING TRAIN 78
FIGURE 4.1.6.3-1 EPA METHOD 13B RECOVERY PROCEDURE . . 79
FIGURE 4.1.6.5-1 EPA METHOD 13B ANALYSIS PROCEDURE . . 80
FIGURE 4.1.7.4-1 MULTIPLE METALS RECOVERY PROCEDURE . . 81
FIGURE 4.1.7.1-1 MULTIPLE METALS/TSP SAMPLING TRAIN . . 82
FIGURE 4.1.7.7-1 MULTIPLE METALS ANALYSIS PROCEDURE . . 83
FIGURE 4.1.8.1-1 EPA METHOD 201A/202 SAMPLING TRAIN . . 84
FIGURE 4.1.8.4-1 EPA METHOD 201A/202 RECOVERY PROCEDURE 85
FIGURE 4.1.8.6-1 EPA METHOD 201A/202 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 86
FIGURE 4.1.9.1-1 ANDERSON IMPACTOR SAMPLING TRAIN FOR
PARTICLE SIZING 87
FIGURE 4.1.9.3-1 ANDERSON IMPACTOR RECOVERY PROCEDURE . 88
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT (Hont.1
FIGURE 4.1.9.4-1 ANDERSON IMPACTOR ANALYSIS PROCEDURE . 89
90
FIGURE 4.1.10.1-1 EPA METHOD 26 SAMPLING TRAIN
FIGURE 4.1.10.3-1 EPA METHOD 26 RECOVERY PROCEDURE ... 91
FIGURE 4.1.10.5-1 EPA METHOD 26 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ... 92
FIGURE 4.1.10.1-1 CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DRY
EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM FOR EPA METHODS 3A,
7E, AND 10 (02, C02, NOX, AND CO) ... 93
FIGURE 4.1.11.1-2 CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM
FOR EPA METHOD 25A 94
FIGURE 4.1.12.1-1 EPA METHOD 18 SAMPLING TRAIN ... 95
FIGURE 4.1.12.3-1 EPA METHOD 18 RECOVERY PROCEDURE ... 96
FIGURE 4.1.12.4-1 EPA METHOD 18 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ... 97
FIGURE 4.1.13.1-1 VOLATILE ORGANIC SAMPLING TRAIN
(METHOD 0030) 98
FIGURE 4.1.13.3-1 EPA METHOD 0030 RECOVERY PROCEDURE . . 99
FIGURE 4.1.13.5-1 EPA METHOD 0030 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE . . 100
FIGURE 4.1.14.1-1 EPA METHOD 0010 SAMPLING TRAIN FOR
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS 101
FIGURE 4.1.14.3-1 EPA METHOD 0010 RECOVERY PROCEDURE . . 102
FIGURE 4.1.14.5-1 EPA METHOD 0010 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE . . 103
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT (Cont.]
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A.O - TEST LOG
APPENDIX B.O - DATA AND RESULTS APPENDICES
APPENDIX B.I- DATA AND RESULTS FOR PARTICULATE
MATTER AND MULTIPLE METALS TESTING
APPENDIX B.I.I - TSP/MM DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.I.2 - TSP/MM DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.I.3 - TSP/MM DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.2 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR PM10 AND CONDENSIBLE PM
TESTING
APPENDIX B.2.1 - M201A/M202 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.2.2 - M201A/M202 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.2.2 - M201A/M202 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.3 - EPA DATA AND RESULTS FOR PM10 AND TOTAL PM
TESTING
APPENDIX B.3.1 - M201 DATA AND RESULTS - GRINDING-
SCREENING BUILDING - DUCT #1
APPENDIX B.3.2 - M201 DATA AND RESULTS - GRINDING-
SCREENING BUILDING - DUCT #2
APPENDIX B.4 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR TOTAL FLUORIDE TESTING
APPENDIX B.4.1 - M13B DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.4.2 - M13B DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.5 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR HYDROGEN
FLUORIDE TESTING
APPENDIX B.5.1 - M26 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.5.2 - M26 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.5.3 - M26 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.6 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR VOLATILE
ORGANICS TESTING
APPENDIX B.6.1 - M0030 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
-------
TABLE OF CONTENT (Cont.)
APPENDIX B.6.2 - M0030 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.6.3 - M0030 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.6.4 - M0030 DATA AND RESULTS - EPA
AUDIT SAMPLES
APPENDIX B.7 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR SEMIVOLATILE
ORGANICS TESTING
APPENDIX B.7.1 - M0010 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.7.2 - MOO10 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.7.3 - MOO10 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.8 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR TOTAL HYDROCARBONS
TESTING
APPENDIX B.8.1 - M25A DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.8.2 - M25A DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.8.3 - M25A DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.9 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR METHANE AND ETHANE
TESTING
APPENDIX B.9.1 - M18 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.9.2 - M18 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.9.3 - M18 DATA AND RESULTS - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.10 - DATA AND RESULTS FOR PARTICLE SIZING
APPENDIX B.I0.1 - ANDERSON IMPACTOR DATA AND
RESULTS - SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX B.10.2 - ANDERSON IMPACTOR DATA AND
RESULTS - SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX B.I0.3 - ANDERSON IMPACTOR DATA AND
RESULTS - SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX B.ll - SCREEN AND MOISTURE ANALYSIS
APPENDIX B.12 - AMBIENT MONITORING DATA AND RESULTS
APPENDIX C.O - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING APPENDICES
APPENDIX C.I - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.}
APPENDIX C.I.I - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA
AND RESULTS (02, C02, NOX, THC) -
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX C.I.2 - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DRIFT
CALCULATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS FOR THE
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX C.2 - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX C.2.1 - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA
AND RESULTS (02/ C02/ NOX, THC) -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX C.2.2 - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DRIFT
CALCULATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS FOR THE
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX C.3 - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX C.3.1 - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DATA
AND RESULTS (02, C02/ NOX, THC) -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX C.3.2 - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING DRIFT
CALCULATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS FOR THE
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX D.O - CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX D.I - EPA METHODS 1-4 CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX D.2 - PARTICULATE EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX D.3 - MULTIPLE METAL CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX D.4 - GASEOUS EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX D.5 - PARTICLE SIZING CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX D.6 - CEM CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX E.O - SAMPLING LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS
APPENDIX E.I - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
MULTIPLE METALS AND PARTICULATE MATTER
SAMPLING
APPENDIX E.2 - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
PM10 AND CONDENSIBLE PM SAMPLING
APPENDIX E.3 - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
TOTAL FLUORIDES SAMPLING
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS tCont.)
APPENDIX E.4 - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE SAMPLING
APPENDIX E.5 - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
VOLATILE ORGANICS SAMPLING
APPENDIX E.6 - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS SAMPLING
APPENDIX E.7 - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
ETHANE AND METHANE SAMPLING
APPENDIX E.8 - SAMPLE LOG AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORDS FOR
MOISTURE ANALYSIS
APPENDIX F.O - RAW FIELD DATA APPENDICES
APPENDIX F.I - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR PARTICULATE
MATTER AND MULTIPLE METALS TESTING
APPENDIX F.I.I - TSP/MM RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.I.2 - TSP/MM RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.I.3 - TSP/MM RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX F.2 - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR PM10 AND
CONDENSIBLE PM TESTING
APPENDIX F.2.1 - M201A/M202 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.2.2 - M201A/M202 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.2.3 - M201A/M202 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX F.3 - EPA RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR PM10 AND
TOTAL PM TESTING
APPENDIX F.3.1 - M201 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
GRINDING-SCREENING BUILDING - DUCT #1
APPENDIX F.3.2 - M201 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
GRINDING-SCREENING BUILDING - DUCT #2
APPENDIX F.4 - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR TOTAL FLUORIDE
TESTING
APPENDIX F.4.1 - M13B RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUS
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.4.2 - M13B RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUS
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.5 - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR HYDROGEN
FLUORIDE TESTING
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
APPENDIX F.5.1 - M26 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.5.2 - M26 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.5.3 - M26 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX F.6 - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR VOLATILE
ORGANICS TESTING
APPENDIX F.6.1 - M0030 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.6.2 - M0030 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.6.3 - M0030 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX F.6.4 - M0030 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
AUDIT SAMPLE CYLINDER 539
APPENDIX F.6.5 - M0030 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
AUDIT SAMPLE CYLINDER 540
APPENDIX F.7 - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR SEMIVOLATILE
ORGANICS TESTING
APPENDIX F.7.1 - M0010 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.7.2 - M0010 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.7.3 - M0010 RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA -
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX F.8 - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR TOTAL
HYDROCARBONS TESTING
APPENDIX F.8.1 - M25A RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUST
DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.8.2 - M25A RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.8.3 - M25A RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA - SAWDUST
DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX F.9 - RAW FIELD SAMPLING DATA FOR PARTICLE SIZING
APPENDIX F.9.1 - ANDERSON IMPACTOR DATA AND
RESULTS - SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX F.9.2 - ANDERSON IMPACTOR DATA AND
RESULTS - SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX F.9.3 - ANDERSON IMPACTOR DATA AND
RESULTS - SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX G.O - ANALYTICAL DATA APPENDICES
APPENDIX G.I - GRAVAMETRICS LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.I.I - TSP GRAVAMETRICS LABORATORY DATA
-------
TABLE OF CONTEND (Cont. L
APPENDIX G.I. 2 - M201A/M202 GRAVAMETRICS LABORATORY
DATA
APPENDIX G.I. 3 - M201 GRAVAMETRICS ^OR^**-g^*
APPENDIX G.I.4 - ANDERSEN IMPACTOR GRAVAMETRICS
LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.I.5 - SILICA GEL LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.2 - MULTIPLE METALS LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.3 - TOTAL FLUORIDES LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.4 - HYDROGEN FLUORIDE LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.5 - VOLATILE ORGANICS LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.6 - SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.7 - ETHANE AND METHANE LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX G.8 - MOISTURE LABORATORY DATA
APPENDIX H.O - CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITORING CALIBRATION DATA
APPENDIX H.I - CEM CALIBRATION DATA AND BIAS CHECKS
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
APPENDIX H.2 - CEM CALIBRATION DATA AND BIAS CHECKS
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
APPENDIX H.3 - CEM CALIBRATION DATA AND BIAS CHECKS
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
APPENDIX 1.0 - FIELD EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
APPENDIX J.O - MISCELLANEOUS METHODS NOT CONTAINED IN CFR 40
APPENDIX J.I - METHOD 29: DETERMINATION OF METALS EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
APPENDIX J.2 - METHOD 0010: MODIFIED METHOD 5
SAMPLING TRAIN (SEMI-VOST)
APPENDIX J.3 - METHOD 0030: MODIFIED METHOD 5
SAMPLING TRAIN (VOST)
-------
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Summary of Test Program
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), Emission Inventory
Branch (EIB) is responsible for developing and maintaining air
pollution emission factors for industrial processes. EIB, in
collaboration with the Brick Association of North Carolina, is
currently studying the brick manufacturing industry. The purpose
of this study is to develop emission factors for the crushing,
grinding operations for brick manufacturing facilities and to
develop emission factors for the kiln and sawdust dryer
operations for brick manufacturing facilities using sawdust to
fire the kilns. The Emission Measurement Branch (EMB) of OAQPS
coordinated the emission measurement activities at this plant.
ETS Incorporated (ETS Inc.) and EMB personnel conducted ambient
and source measurements. MRI personnel collected samples of the
process materials and collected process data during testing.
EPA/EIB and the Brick Association of North Carolina
considered the Pine Hall Brick Plant in Madison, North Carolina
to be one of the three facilities representing an advantageous
test site. Three areas of the manufacturing facility were
tested: (1) the crushing, grinding, and screening operations; (2)
the kiln; and (3) the sawdust dryer. The primary reasons for
selecting Pine Hall were: (1) the facility was identified by the
North Carolina Brick Association as being representative of
sawdust-fired brick manufacturing plants; and (2) the grinding,
sawdust drying and brick firing (kiln) operations were configured
in such a way that facilitated emission testing. A facility site
plan showing the layout of the operation and the sampling
locations is shown in Figure 1.1-1.
Air sampling at the crushing and grinding operations was
performed for particulate matter (PM) and particulate matter less
than or equal to ten microns (PM10) from October 27 through
November 6, 1992. In addition, background ambient air sampling
for PM and PM10 was conducted at "upwind" and "downwind" plant
boundary locations from October 27, 1992 through November 6,
1992. Background ambient PM and PM10 monitoring at the grinding
building air intake was also performed during the grinding
building exhaust sampling conducted by EMB from October 26
through October 28, 1992. Process materials were sampled at the
screening and grinding operations. Sieve and moisture analyses
were performed on these samples.
Source sampling at the kiln and sawdust dryer was performed
for PM, PM10, condensible particulate matter (CPM), particle
sizing, multiple metals, total fluorides, hydrogen fluoride,
-------
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbons, methane,
ethane, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and semivolatile
organic compounds (SVOC). The sampling was conducted from
October 27 through November 7, 1992. Table 1.1-1 identifies the
metals targeted for measurement and tables 1.1-2 and 1.1-3 show
the VOC and SVOC compounds targeted for measurement in this test
program.
1.2 Key Personnel
The key personnel who coordinated the test program and their
phone numbers are:
-ETS Inc. Project Manager, Mike Visneski 703/265-0004
-EIB Technical Coordinator, Ron Myers 919/541-5407
-EMB Field Test Coordinator, John Brown 919/541-0200
-Pine Hall Brick Contact, H. John Dowdle, Jr. 919/548-6007
-Brick Association of N.C., Peter P- Cieslak 800/622-7425
-MRI Process Monitor, Brian Shrager 919/677-0249
2.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND SAMPLING LOCATIONS
At Pine Hall Brick, emissions from the kiln, sawdust dryer,
and the crushing, grinding, and screening operations were
studied. The kiln outlet at Pine Hall Brick is also the sawdust
dryer inlet.
2.1 Crushing, Grinding, and Screening Operation
A simplified process schematic for the crushing, grinding,
and screening operations is given in Figure 2.1-1. This figure
also shows the locations for the emissions testing.
The raw material is kept in a covered storage pile. From
this pile the process material is loaded into the primary
crusher. In the primary crusher the large pieces of material are
broken apart. From the primary crusher the material is
transported into the grinding building, where it is first ground
and then screened. From the screening operations the undersized
material is transported into the storage building. The material
is kept in the storage building until it is loaded into the brick
making operations.
Particulate emissions from the primary crusher and the
grinding building were measured. The roof vents of the grinding
building and the conveyor outlet side of the crusher building
were sealed during sampling. The emission test points consisted
of the exhaust air ducts for the grinding building and ambient PM
and PM10 samplers suspended from the roof joist of the crusher
building. Ambient PM and PM10 samplers were also positioned on
scaffolding located at the air intake of the grinding building.
Background ambient PM and PM10 monitoring was also performed at
-------
"upwind" and "downwind" plant fenceline locations. Pj°cJ^
material was sampled at the grinding building for sieve and
moisture analyses.
2.2 Sawdust Dryer Operation
A stifled process schematic lor the sawdust dryer^
operations is given in Figure 2.2-1. Tnis nyu-Lc
locations for the emissions testing.
The exhaust gases from two kilns are combined into * jingle
inlet to the sawdust dryer. The kiln exhaust 9*ses and the green
sawdust enter the dryer together. At the opposite end of the
dryer, the dried sawdust is removed and the gas stream is split
into two parallel paths. Each path consists of a cyclone and
induced draft (ID) fan. Following the ID fans, the two gas
streams are independently introduced into a single baghouse. Tne
gases are then exhausted into the atmosphere from the top ot tne
baghouse.
The dried sawdust is collected from the end of the dryer,
each cyclone, and the baghouse and fed onto a common conveyor
which transports the sawdust to the dry storage silo.
The emissions testing for the sawdust drying operations was
performed at three locations simultaneously- These locations
were the dryer inlet (which is also the kiln outlet) and both
cyclone outlets. A baghouse is not considered typical of sawdust
drying operations at brick manufacturing facilities and therefore
was not tested.
2.3 Flue Gas, Process and Background Sampling Locations
Background and emissions sampling was conducted at: (1) the
plant boundary line; (2) the primary crusher; (3) the grinding
building; (4) the kiln outlet/sawdust dryer inlet; and (5) the
cyclone outlets. Process sampling was conducted at the grinding
building and the sawdust dryer.
2.3.1 Plant Boundary Line; Ambient air sampling for PM and
PM10 was conducted at two locations along the plant boundary:
the west boundary line ("upwind") and the east boundary line
("downwind").
2.3.2 Primary Crusher; Emissions from the primary crusher
building were sampled using ambient Hi-Vol samplers for PM and
PM10. The ambient samplers were suspended from the roof of the
building for the test series. The openings at base of the
crusher building (except for a doorway required to be kept open)
were sealed with plastic during sampling.
-------
2.3.3 Grinding Building; Ambient air sampling for
background PM and background PM10 was conducted at one location
outside the grinding building. The ambient samplers were placed
on elevated platforms located between the two air inlet fans
outside the grinding building. The two outlet exhaust fans were
fitted with temporary ductwork with ports for sampling. Figure
2.3.3-1 shows the detailed schematic of the traverse and sampling
locations for the grinder building outlet ducts.
2.3.4 Kiln Outlet/Sawdust Dryer Inlet; Figure 2.3.4-1 is a
schematic of the sampling location for the kiln outlet/sawdust
dryer inlet. Two 6 inch diameter test ports were installed for
all wet methods. A 3 inch diameter port was installed for
single-point sampling for the instrumental analyzer methods. The
6 inch ports are located less than two stack diameters upstream
from a disturbance, but this was selected as the only practical
location for isokinetic sampling. Method 1 requires 24 traverse
and sampling points for volumetric flow measurements and
particulate sampling. Figure 2.3.4-2 is a detailed schematic of
the traverse and sampling locations.
2.3.5 Cyclone Outlets; Figure 2.3.5-1 is a schematic of
the sampling locations for the cyclone outlets. The two cyclone
outlets are identical. Two 6 inch diameter test ports were
installed for all wet method sampling. A 3 inch diameter port
was installed for single-point sampling for the instrument
analyzer methods. Method 1 requires 24 traverse and sampling
points for volumetric flow measurements and particulate sampling.
Figure 2.3.5-2 is a detailed schematic of the traverse and
sampling locations.
3.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS
3.1 Objectives and Test Matrix
The purpose of the test program was to develop emission
factors for the brick manufacturing industry.
The specific objectives of the test program for Pine Hall
Brick were;
(1) Measure the following emissions for the crushing,
grinding, and screening operation;
Particulate Matter
PM10
(2) Measure the following emissions for the kiln and
sawdust dryer operations;
Particulate Matter
-------
PM
Condensible Particulate Matter
Multiple Metals
Hydrogen Fluoride
Total Fluorides
Carbon Monoxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Total Hydrocarbons
Methane
Ethane
Volatile Organics
Send/volatile Organics
3.2 Test Matrix
Table 3.2-1 presents the sampling and analytical matrix for
measuring emissions from the crushing, grinding, and screening
operations. Table 3.2-2 presents the sampling and analytical
matrix for emissions measurements performed by ETS, Inc. on the
kiln and the sawdust dryer. Table 3.2-3 presents the sampling and
analytical matrix for emissions measurements performed by EMB on
the grinding building and the sawdust dryer.
3.3 Field Test Changes and Problems
3.3.1 Ambient Samplers; Three of the 54 ambient sampling
runs were voided. Two of the east end boundary runs were voided
due to flow controller failures. One run at the primary crusher
was voided due to a filter not properly seated in the sampler.
All sampling data associated with the voided sampler was also
voided and the complete sampling set was repeated in order to
obtain comparable data.
3.3.2 Sawdust Dryer Sampling
3.3.2.1 Percent Isokinetics; The first Method 13 runs at
the sawdust dryer were under isokinetic due to air flow control
problems resulting from blockage in the baghouse on the exit side
of the induced draft fans. The results of these tests were
included since any bias would be positive giving a worst case
emission rate.
- I-M13-R1, Total Fluorides: 89.9%
- OA-M13-R1, Total Fluorides: 75.3%
One of the particle sizing runs at the sawdust dryer inlet
exceeded the percent isokinetic requirement of ± 10 percent as a
result of a source flowrate change during the test.
-------
- IN-IMP-R1, Andersen Impactor for Particle Sizing: 68.5%
3.3.2.2 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Calibration Drift ;
The Calibration drift for the NOX Monitor at Outlet A exceeded
the limit of 3.00% as stated in 40 CFR 60 Appendix A Method 7E.
- OA-MM-R3, Multiple Metals run, NOX calibration drift
was 5.21% at the zero span.
- OA-M0010-R1, Semi-VOST and VOST run, NOX calibration
drift was 3.32% at the zero span.
- OA-M0010-R3, Semi-VOST and VOST run, NOX calibration drift
was -3.16% at the high span.
3.3.2.3 Analytical Changes and Problems; The analysis of
the Tenax/Tenax Charcoal VOST tubes for the OB-M0030-R1B sample
and the IN-M0030-R1D sample were voided due to a computer
malfunction during analysis.
In the analysis of the volatile and semivolatile samples,
several of the detected compounds were either below the method
quantitation limit or above the calibration range. The values
for these compounds were estimated and the results are footnoted
and included in the B.6 and B.7 appendices.
The impinger fractions for Runs OB-M23-R1 and OB-M23-R2 were
mislabeled during the analysis of the semi-VOST samples. The
data for these samples is considered suspect although the two
fractions were analyzed separately and found to be similar. The
laboratory data for the analysis of semivolatile compounds is
contained in Appendix G.6.
The initial analysis of the filter blank for the total
fluorides was contaminated giving an inordinately high value.
Subsequent analysis of other blank filters from the same batch
used for field sampling showed nondetectable levels.
3.3.2.4 Miscellaneous Changes and Problems; Due to
difficulties encountered in performing a port change at the
sawdust dryer inlet, the EMB test coordinator determined it would
be adequate to traverse the same port twice during the last three
runs for SVOC. The final run for VOC and SVOC was interrupted
for approximately 30 minutes to repair an electrical problem with
the Outlet B meterbox. These changes are not expected to affect
the results.
3.4 Presentation of Results
3.4.1 Crushing, Grinding and Screening Operation Sampling
3.4.1.1 Ambient Sampling; Ambient particulate sampling was
6
-------
conducted in order to determine background particulate
concentrations at the plant boundaries and at the air intake to
the grinding building. To determine particulate emission rates
from the grinding building, the ambient particulate
concentrations at the air intake vents are important. Ambient PM
and PM10 measurements were made at the grinding building air
intake location coinciding with EMB exhaust duct testing for
particulates. Table 3.4.1-1 shows the average concentration for
the ambient PM and PM10 at the specified locations. The field
and laboratory data for the ambient monitoring is contained in
Appendix B.12.
The following observations are made:
1) The ambient particulate concentrations at the grinding
building are approximately two times greater than the ambient
concentrations at the plant boundaries.
2) The ambient PM10 at the grinding building was
approximately 57% of the total PM concentration.
3) The fenceline particulate concentrations varied
considerably from day to day. There was reasonable correlation
between the "upwind" and "downwind" stations. The average
"downwind" PM was 61.5 ug/m3. The average "upwind" PM was 45.6
ug/m3. The average "downwind" PM10 was 26.0 ug/m3. The average
"upwind" PM10 concentration was slightly higher at 30.9 ug/m3.
Ambient particulate monitoring was also performed at the
crusher building in order to determine emissions of PM and PM10
resulting from the crushing operation. The monitors were
suspended from the roof joist of the crusher building and
operated during the day during the normal hours while the crusher
was operating. The average PM concentration was determined to be
1357 ug/m3 and the average PM10 concentration was 585 ug/m3.
These are averages of two consecutive days of sampling.
3.4.1.2 Particulate and PMin Sampling: Sampling for total
filterable particulate and 10 micron or smaller particulate was
conducted simultaneously at two outlet ducts using Method 201.
The total particulate emissions averaged 0.01102 gr/dscf with a
range of 0.00736 to 0.01584 gr/dscf. The PM10 emissions averaged
0.001022 gr/dscf and ranged from 0.00072 to 0.00185 gr/dscf. The
ducts for this testing were custom made to use existing exhaust
ventilation wall fans on the upper north wall for air flow. The
flowrate for duct #1 and duct #2 averaged 25,005 and 29,277
dscfm, respectively. The untested ventilation fans were turned
off and the building ridge vent was sealed during the tests to
achieve optimum capture of the particulate matter inside the
building. Detailed summaries for each Method 201 test run
conducted on the grinding room exhaust ducts are contained in
Tables 3.4.1-2 and 3.4.1-3.
-------
3.4.1.3 Process Sampling; Process samples of the raw clay
material from conveyor at the exit of the grinding room building
were collected for sieve and moisture analyses. The data for the
sieve and moisture analyses is contained in Appendix B.ll. The
sieve analysis was consistent for three of four samples
collected. The fourth sample showed a greater amount of larger
(> 20 mesh) particles. The average of the three consistent
samples was 27.5% compared to 42.5% for the apparent outlier.
The mid-range (< 20 > 200 mesh) average for the three consistent
samples was 66.5% compared to 52.0% for the apparent outlier.
All four samples had comparable composition of fine particles (<
200 mesh). The average of the four samples was 4.5%. Moisture
analyses for the four samples ranged from 13.0% to 14.2%.
3.4.2 Sawdust Dryer Sampling; The sawdust dryer was
sampled at the inlet and two outlets simultaneously. The inlet
of the sawdust dryer is the outlet of the kiln. The sawdust
dryer outlet splits to feed two identical cyclones. The outlet
of each cyclone was tested. The test log for all sawdust dryer
testing is contained in Appendix A.O.
3.4.2.1 PM, PMin. CPM Emissions and Particle Sizing:
Method 5 particulate testing was combined with the multiple
metals sampling. The total particulate emissions for the inlet
averaged 0.0557 grains per dry standard cubic foot corrected to
7% 02 (gr/dscf @ 7% 02) . The total particulate emissions for the
cyclone outlets averaged 0.0636 gr/dscf @ 7% O2 for outlet A and
0.5631 gr/dscf @ 7% 02 for outlet B. The high particulate
concentrations for outlet B are consistent over 3 runs performed
over two days. A comparison of the metals analyzed from the same
runs do not show correspondingly high values for the cyclone
outlet B. Tables 3.4.2-1, 3.4.2-2 and 3.4.2-3 contain summaries
of the detailed data contained in Appendix B.I.
PM10 was sampled simultaneously at the sawdust dryer inlet
and outlets using Method 201A. Method 202 was used to measure
the condensible particulate matter (CPM). These runs were
performed together over two sampling days. The PM10 emissions
for the inlet averaged 0.0928 gr/dscf @ 7% 02. The PM10 emissions
for the cyclone outlets averaged 0.0722 gr/dscf § 7% 02 for
outlet A and 0.0597 gr/dscf @ 7% 02 for outlet B. The CPM for
the inlet averaged 57.06%. The CPM for the cyclone outlets
averaged 16.72% for outlet A and 14.0% for outlet B. Tables
3.4.2-4, 3.4.2-5 and 3.4.2-6 contain summaries of the detailed
data contained in Appendix B.2.
Particle size distribution was determined on samples
collected simultaneously on the dryer inlet and two outlets using
Andersen impactors. The data for each run is shown in Figures
3.4.2-1, 3.4.2-2 and 3.4.2-3 and detailed data is contained in
8
-------
Appendix B.10.
3.4.2.2 Trace Metals Emissions; Trace metal sampling was
performed together with total particulate sampling. Tables
3.4.2-1, 3.4.2-2 and 3.4.2-3 contain summaries of the detailed
data contained in Appendix B.I. The trace metal emissions were
in agreement within a factor of 2 of the mean from run to run
except for a high manganese on the inlet run 3 (IN-MM/TSP-RJ) .
This result was voided due to suspected backhalf contamination by
permanganate. Samples were analyzed for antimony, arsenic,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel,
phosphorous and selenium. Detectable quantities of all of the
metals were present in one or more of the sample runs.
3.4.2.3 Total Fluoride Emissions; Total fluorides were
measured at the inlet and one of the outlet ducts from the dryer
cyclones. Sampling at the other cyclone outlet was not possible
due to a malfunctioning induced draft fan. Total fluoride
emissions averaged 1.197 Ib/hr ranging from 0.048 to 3.248 at the
inlet and averaged 0.334 Ib/hr with a range of 0.173 to 0.524 at
the outlet. The inlet averaged 1.772 Ib/hr while the outlet
averaged 0.349 Ib/hr if the first subisokinetic runs are
discarded. There is no obvious explanation for the low inlet
total fluoride compared to the inlet hydrogen fluoride data,
especially since the outlet data agree well. Tables 3.4.2-9 and
3.4.2-10 contain summaries of the detailed data contained in
Appendix B.4.
Variable fluoride emissions are considered typical for brick
manufacturing and have been described as micro-geographic
dependant ("Ceramic Bulletin" Vol. 54 No. 11 coauthored by Hugh
H. Wilson of Clemson University and Larry D. Johnson of EPA-
AREAL) .
3.4.2.4 Hydrogen Fluoride Emissions; The hydrogen fluoride
emissions were inconsistent and highly variable. The inlet
concentrations ranged from 118 to 281 ppmdv @ 7% 02. The outlet
A concentrations ranged from 27 to 194 ppmdv @ 7% 02. The outlet
B concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 159 ppmdv % 7% 02. Tables
3.4.2-11, 3.4.2-12 and 3.4.2-13 contain summaries of the detailed
data contained in Appendix B.5.
3.4.2.5 CO Emissions; Carbon monoxide emissions were
monitored instrumentally (Method 10) throughout the sawdust dryer
test program. The averages for CO are contained in the summary
tables for each wet method test series. The CO concentration at
the inlet averaged 450 ppmdv. The CO concentration at the outlet
averaged 342 ppmdv for outlet A and 345 ppmdv for outlet B.
Detailed data for GEM testing is contained in Appendix C.
3.4.2.6 NOx Emissions; Nitrogen oxide emissions were
monitored instrumentally (Method 7E) throughout the sawdust dryer
-------
test program. The averages for NOx are contained in the summary
tables for each wet method test series. The NOx concentration at
the inlet averaged 34.4 ppmdv. The NOx concentration at the
outlet averaged 22.7 ppmdv for outlet A and 22.0 ppmdv for outlet
B. Detailed data for GEM testing is contained in Appendix C.O.
3.4.2.7 THC Emissions; Total hydrocarbon emissions were
monitored instrumentally (Method 25A) during the VOST sampling.
THC emissions averaged 14.90 ppmdv as carbon at the inlet, 45.39
ppmdv as carbon at outlet A and 32.64 ppmdv as carbon at outlet
B. The results show a significant increase in THC emissions
following the sawdust dryer. Tables 3.4.2-20, 3.4.2-21 and
3.4.2-22 contain summaries of the Method 25A test program.
Methane and ethane samples were collected as integrated bag
samples during the semi-VOST sampling. These samples were
analyzed by gas chromatography in the laboratory. The samples
were all below the detection limit of 40 ppmdv for ethane and 152
ppmdv for methane for all inlet and outlet samples except Run 2
on outlet A (OA-M18-R2) which gave a value of 9223 ppmdv for
methane. This result is inconsistent with all other measurements
recorded and is an obvious outlier. There is no explanation for
the value observed. Tables 3.4.2-23, 3.4.2-24 and 3.4.2-25
contain summaries of the detailed data contained in Appendix B.9.
3.4.2.8 VOC Emissions; VOST samples were analyzed for
chloromethane, bromomethane, methylene chloride, chloroform,
trichlorofluoromethane, iodomethane, carbon tetrachloride,
trichloroethene, benzene, tetrachloroethene, acetone, carbon
disulfide, acrylonitrile, 2-butanone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
vinyl acetate, 2-hexanone, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, o-
xylene, and m-/p-xylene using Method 0030. Detectable quantities
of chloromethane, bromomethane, methylene chloride,
trichlorofluoromethane, iodomethane, benzene, acetone, carbon
disulfide, acrylonitrile, 2-butanone, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-
xylene, and m-/p-xylene were found in one or more of the sample
runs. Tables 3.4.2-14, 3.4.2-15 and 3.4.2-16 contain summaries
of the detailed data contained in Appendix B.6.
3.4.2.9 SVOC Emissions; Semi-VOST samples were analyzed
for phenol, naphthalene, 2-methylphenol, dimethylphthalate,
dibenzofuran, di-n-butylphthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
and were scanned for compounds on the list of 189 Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPs) using Method 0010. Detectable quantities of
phenol, naphthalene, dimethylphthalate, dibenzofuran, di-n-
butylphthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were found in one or
more of the sample runs. Tables 3.4.2-17, 3.4.2-18 and 3.4.2-19
contain summaries of the detailed data contained in Appendix B.7.
3.4.2.10 Process Sampling; Process samples of sawdust were
collected for sieve and moisture analysis. Eight samples of
dried sawdust were taken on successive days. One sample
10
-------
represented the wet feed sawdust. The data for the sieve and
moisture analyses is contained in Appendix B.ll. The sieve
analysis was consistent for all nine samples collected. The
sawdust samples showed a greater amount (73.6%) of larger (> 20
mesh) particles. The mid-range (< 20 > 200 mesh) average for
all samples was 26.3%. Less than 0.1% of the composition of all
of the samples consisted of fine particles (< 200 mesh). The wet
sawdust had a moisture content of 47.2%. The average of the
eight dried sawdust samples was 2.7% moisture.
4.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
4.1 Test Methods
4.1.1 Ambient Particulate Matter (PM and PM,n^ - Hi-Vol;
Ambient sampling of PM was collected in accordance with 40 CFR 50
Appendix B. Ambient sampling of PM10 was collected in accordance
with 40 CFR 50 Appendix J. Ambient sampling was used to
establish background PM and PM10 concentrations at the plant
boundary and at the air intake to the grinding building. Ambient
samplers were also used to determine PM and PM10 concentrations
at the crusher building door during the crusher operation.
The background samplers were operated for at least 8 hours
per day. The samplers located at the crusher building were
operated during the day while the crusher was operating. All
ambient sampling was performed with collocated PM and PM10
samplers. The background samplers were placed on platforms at
least 6 feet above the surrounding terrain. The crusher building
samplers were suspended from the roof of the building.
4.1.1.1 Ambient Hi-Vol and PMin Analyses; Filters used in
the ambient sampling monitors were weighed before and after
sampling. The weight gain represented the particulate content of
the air volume sampled. Prior to weighing, the filter was
conditioned to a controlled temperature and humidity for at least
24 hours. Filters were inspected for tears or pinholes which, if
present, cause the filter to be voided. Filters were weighed to
the nearest 0.1 mg.
4.1.2 Volumetric Flow Measurements; Volumetric flow
measurements were made in accordance with EPA Method 2 at the
grinding building outlet ducts and the sawdust dryer inlet and
outlet ducts using stainless steel Type-S pitot tubes to measure
the gas velocity heads. The pitot tubes were calibrated against
a NIST traceable pitot tube in accordance with Method 2.
Calibrated Type-K thermocouples were used to determine gas
temperatures. Velocity and temperature measurements were made at
each of the traverse points determined by EPA Method 1.
4.1.3 Molecular Weight Determination; Gas compositional
measurements (02 and C02) for determining the average molecular
11
-------
weight of the stack gases were done instrumentally in accordance
with EPA Reference Method 3A. Sampling was done by obtaining
integrated gas samples as part of the continuous emissions
monitoring.
4.1.4 Flue Gas Moisture Content; The flue gas moisture was
measured in conjunction with each of the pollutant tests
according to the sampling and analytical procedures outlined in
EPA Method 4. The flue gas moisture for each test was determined
by gravimetric analyses of the water collected in the impinger
condensers of the pollutant sampling train. All impingers were
contained in an ice bath throughout the testing in order to
assure complete condensation of the moisture in the flue gas
stream. Any moisture which was not condensed in the impingers
was captured in the silica gel contained in the final impinger.
Moisture content was determined gravimetrically in
accordance with Method 4 by measuring either the volume or mass
gains of each impinger in the pollutant sampling trains.
4.1.5 PM,n Sampling - EPA Methods 201 and 201A; EPA Method
201A was used for determination of PM10 emissions from the
sawdust dryer inlet and outlets. This procedure utilized an in-
stack PM10 sizing device and an in-stack filter in conjunction
with an EPA Method 17 train. Gravimetric analyses were performed
as described by EPA Method 5.
EPA Method 201 was used to determine PM10 emissions from the
grinding and screening building outlets. This method employs an
in-stack cyclone to separate particulate greater than 10 microns
and an in-stack glass fiber filter to collect PM10. To maintain
isokinetic flowrate conditions at the tip of the probe and a
constant flowrate through the cyclone, a clean, dried portion of
the sample gas at stack temperature is recycled into the nozzle.
Gravimetric analyses were performed as described by EPA Method 5.
4.1.5.1 Sampling Train Descriptions; The Method 201A train
consisted of a cyclone followed by a 47 mm diameter glass fiber
(Gelman) filter. These in-stack components were attached to an
unheated stainless steel probe. The Method 201A sampling train
is shown in Figure 4.1.5.1-1. The stack gases were drawn through
the cyclone where a portion of the airborne particulate is
separated before it passes through a Gelman filter. The size
fraction of the particles that have a 50 percent probability of
exiting the cyclone to the Gelman filter are defined as the
cyclone cut size (D50). The required particle size for a valid
test run ranges from 9 urn to 11 urn. After the sample gas passes
through the Gelman filter, it then enters a stainless steel
conduit which leads into a glass impinger train consisting of
four impingers immersed in an ice bath. The first, second and
third impingers each contained 100 milliliters of water. The
12
-------
fourth impinger was initially empty and the fifth impinger
contained approximately 200 grams of color-indicating silica gel.
The Method 201 train consisted of an in-stack cyclone
followed by an in-stack glass fiber filter. The Method 201
sampling train is shown in Figure 4.1.5.1-2. The stack gases
were drawn through the cyclone where PM greater than PM10 is
removed. The PM10 is then collected on a glass fiber filter.
This train is designed to maintain isokinetic sampling rates
while maintaining sufficient flow through the cyclone by
recylcling a portion of clean, dried stack gas at stack
temperature through the nozzle of the sampling probe. The amount
of recycled gas is maintained between 10 and 80%.
4.1.5.2 Pre-Test Preparation: Before sampling, a velocity
traverse of the stack was performed. This traverse, along with a
gas analysis of the stack gas, was used to determine the nozzle
diameter(s) needed to maintain a flow rate through the cyclone to
achieve a cut size of 10|im. A nozzle was selected by comparing
the velocity heads from the velocity traverse with the Ap,,^ and
APmax calculated for each nozzle. The nozzle was chosen to
bracket all the Ap's from the velocity traverse.
4.1.5.3 Sampling Train Operation: Throughout the sampling
run the orifice pressure head was maintained at the pretest
calculated value. If the stack gas temperature varied by more
than 28°F from the pretest average temperature, then the orifice
pressure head was determined using the pretest average ± 28°F.
Sampling was started at the first traverse point. Sampling
time (or dwell time) at this point was determined by the pretest
calculations. After moving to the next traverse point, the dwell
time at this point was determined by the velocity head at this
point. This procedure was repeated for the remainder of the
traverse points.
4.1.5.4 Sample Train Recovery; During the run, if
necessary, and following the run the filters were quantitatively
recovered into their original tared and labeled foil wrappers.
Following the run, the particulate matter was quantitatively
recovered using acetone from all of the surfaces from the cyclone
exit to the front half of the in-stack filter holder, including
the "turn around" cup inside the cyclone and the interior
surfaces of the exit tube. The rinsings were placed into labeled
glass bottles. The filters and rinsings were transported to the
ETS laboratory for gravimetric analyses as described by EPA
Method 5. The impinger water and silica gel were recovered as
per EPA Method 4 procedures.
4.1.5.5 PM10 Analyses; Analyses of the glass fiber filters
and cyclone acetone rinses from the Method 201 and 201A sampling
trains were performed gravimetrically in accordance with EPA
13
-------
Method 5 procedures. The total PM10 catch included the
particulate collected in the acetone rinses from all or the
surfaces from the cyclone exit to the front half of the in-stack
filter holder, including the "turn around" cup inside the cyclone
and the interior surfaces of the exit tube, as well as the
particulate collected by the glass fiber filter.
4.1.6 Total Fluoride Sampling- EPA Method 13B; Sampling for
total fluoride was performed in accordance with EPA Method 13B.
This method involved absorbing the fluorides in distilled water,
and analyzing the solution for total fluorides using a ion
specific electrode procedure.
4.1.6.1 Sampling Train Description; Figure 4.1.6.1-1 shows
the Method 13B sampling train. A heated stainless steel probe
with a quartz liner was used to withdraw the gas sample. The
probe was equipped with an appropriately sized integrated quartz
nozzle fused directly to the liner for isokinetic gas withdrawal.
From the nozzle and probe, sample gas was pulled through an
impinger train. The impinger train consisted of four glass
impingers iinmersed in an ice bath. The first and second imping-
ers each contained 100 milliliters of deionized distilled water,
the third impinger was initially dry, and the fourth initially
contained approximately 200 grams of silica gel. A Whatman No. 1
paper filter was located between the third and fourth impinger.
4.1.6.2 Sampling Train Operation; The sampling train was
operated in accordance with Method 13B and Method 5 procedures
and specifications, including leak checking, isokinetic sampling
rate and stack traversing.
4.1.6.3 Sample Recovery; At the completion of each test
run, the train components were recovered according to Method 13B
procedures. The probe was rinsed with deionized distilled water.
The volumes of the impinger contents were measured, and the
liquids quantitatively transferred to Nalgene sample bottles.
The impingers were rinsed with distilled water, and the rinses
collected into the sample bottles with the impinger contents.
The Whatman filter was placed in with the impinger solutions.
The silica gel in the last impinger was recovered into its
original container. A schematic of the recovery process is shown
in figure 4.1.6.3-1.
4.1.6.4 Field Blanks: One field blank was collected during
the test program for the Method 13B tests. The field blank
consisted of a complete sampling train set up on site and
recovered during the recovery of the normal stack test samples.
4.1.6.5 Total Fluoride Analyses; The Method 13B filter and
rinsates were analyzed for total fluoride using sample digestion
followed by analysis by a fluoride ion specific electrode. The
14
-------
analysis is schematically shown in figure 4.1.6.5-1.
4.1.7 Multiple Metals with PM - EPA Multi-Metals Procedure;
Sampling for antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, total
chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, phosphorous, and
selenium was performed in accordance with EPA Method 5 in
conjunction with Section 3.1 of "Methods Manual for Compliance
with BIF Regulations (EPA/530-SW-91-010)". This methodology is
commonly referred to as the Multi-Metals procedure. In addition,
the filter and probe washes were analyzed for determining PM in
accordance with EPA Method 5.
4.1.7.1 Sampling Train Description; The testing was
conducted utilizing the Multi-Metals sampling train as
illustrated in Figure 4.1.7.1-1. A heated stainless steel probe
with a quartz liner was used to withdraw the gas sample. The
probe was equipped with an appropriately sized integrated quartz
nozzle fused directly to the liner for isokinetic gas withdrawal.
From the nozzle and probe, sample gas was pulled through a
heated glass filter holder which holds a Pallflex ultra-pure 2500
QUAT-UP quartz filter supported on a teflon frit. The filter was
maintained at a temperature sufficiently high to prevent the
condensation of water (248 ± 25°F). Sample gas subsequently
passed through an impinger train consisting of seven glass
impingers immersed in an ice bath. The first impinger was
initially empty. The second and third impingers each contained
100 milliliters of 5% nitric acid/10% hydrogen peroxide solution.
The fourth impinger was initially empty. The fifth and sixth
impingers each contained 100 milliliters of 4% potassium
permanganate/10% sulfuric acid solution. The seventh impinger
contained approximately 200 grams of silica gel. The amount of
moisture collected in the sampling train was quantified in order
to determine the stack gas moisture content in accordance with
EPA Method 4.
4.1.7.2 Sample Train Preparation; All glassware components
of the multiple metals sampling train were pre-cleaned before
use. The following cleaning procedure was used:
1) Wash with hot water and detergent.
2) Rinse with tap water three times.
3) Rinse with deionized, distilled water three times.
4) Soak in a 10% nitric acid solution for four hours.
5) Rinse three times with deionized water.
6) Rinse three times with acetone and allow to air dry.
All glassware openings were covered with Teflon tape until
sampling to prevent contamination.
4.1.7.3 Sample Train Operation; Sampling was done in
accordance with EPA Method 5 procedures and specifications,
15
-------
including leak checking, isokinetic sampling rate and stack
traversing.
4.1.7.4 Sample Recovery and Clean-up; At the completion of
each test, the probe was removed from the train and the ends of
the probe and sample train capped. The probe was cleaned on the
test platform, while the remainder of the sample train was
transported to a clean-up site for recovery. The sample recovery
procedure is shown in Figure 4.1.7.4-1:
4.1.7.5 Field Blanks; One field blank was collected during
the test program for each location from which metals sampling was
conducted. Each field blank consisted of a complete sampling
train set up on site and recovered during the recovery of the
normal stack test samples.
4.1.7.6 PM Analyses - EPA Method 5; Particulate matter was
determined in accordance with EPA Method 5 procedures . The
filter was analyzed gravimetrically to a constant weight. The
front half rinse was evaporated and analyzed gravimetrically to a
constant weight. The total particulate catch equaled the sum of
the front half rinse and the filter.
4.1.7.7 Multi-Metals Analyses - EPA Multi-Metals; The
filter, front-half rinses, and contents of impingers 1 through 4
of the multi-metals sampling train were analyzed for antimony,
arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, total chromium, lead, manganese,
nickel, phosphorous, and selenium. The rinses and contents of
impingers 5 and 6 were analyzed for mercury.
Analyses of the filters and front-half acetone rinses were
conducted after completion of the Method 5 gravimetric analyses.
SW-846 Method (atomic absorption) was used to determine the
metals concentrations .
The sampling train components (including the digested
filter, probe washes, and impinger contents and rinses) were
prepared for analysis in accordance with the procedures given in
the EPA draft method. All digestions were performed using a 600-
watt microwave digester and Teflon pressure relief vessels.
After preparation, the samples were analyzed with a Perkin Elmer
Plasma 2000 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic absorption
spectrometer for antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, total
chromium, lead, manganese, nickel, phosphorous, and selenium. A
Coleman 50A cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometer (CVAAS) was
used to analyze the samples for mercury.
S*t?Ja?aly8eB were Performed on all metals samples. In
field blanks were analyzed. Spikes were added to the
samples to determine the metals recovery efficiencies. A
schematic of the analytical procedure is contained in Figure
4 • J_ • /•/"I,
16
-------
4.1.8 PMin/CPM Sampling - EPA Method 201A/202; Sampling of
PM10/CPM at the cyclone outlets was conducted with a combined
Method 201A/202 sampling train. The analyses of the samples
included Method 201A procedures for determining PM10 and Method
202 procedures for determining CPM.
4.1.8.1 Sampling Train Description; The Method 201A/202
train consists of a cyclone followed by a 47 mm diameter glass
fiber (Gelman) filter. These in-stack components were attached
to a heated stainless steel probe. For sampling at the cyclone
outlets, a teflon liner was used with the sample probe. The high
temperatures at the sawdust dryer inlet prevented the in-stack
use of teflon. The Method 201A/202 sampling train is shown in
Figure 4.1.8.1-1.
The stack gases were drawn through the cyclone, then the
Gelman filter and into the glass impinger train consisting of
five glass impingers immersed in an ice bath. The first, second,
and third impingers each contained 100 milliliters of deionized
distilled water. The fourth impinger was initially empty, and
the fifth contained approximately 200 grams of silica gel.
4.1.8.2 Pre-Test Preparation; Before sampling, a velocity
traverse of the stack was performed. This traverse, along with
an analysis of the stack gas, was used to determine the nozzle
diameter(s) needed to maintain a flow rate through the cyclone to
achieve a cut size of 10|im. A nozzle was selected by comparing
the velocity heads from the velocity traverse with the Ap^n and
Apmax calculated for each nozzle. The nozzle chosen bracketed all
the Ap's from the velocity traverse. Nozzle changes during the
sampling run were not required since the velocity head at the
sampling points were within the Ap,,^ and Ap^,^ for that nozzle.
The details of the calculations are given in Method 201A.
Two additional pretest calculations were also needed. The
orifice pressure head needed to maintain the necessary cyclone
flow rate was calculated. And finally, dwell time for the first
traverse point was calculated from the pretest traverse. These
calculations are also detailed in Method 201A.
4.1.8.3 Sampling Train Operation; Throughout the sampling
run the orifice pressure head was maintained at the pretest
calculated value. If the stack gas temperature varied by more
than 28°F from the pretest average temperature, then the orifice
pressure head was determined using the pretest average ± 28°F.
Sampling was started at the first traverse point. Sampling
time (or dwell time) at this point was determined by the pretest
calculations. After moving to the next traverse point, the dwell
time at this point was determined by the velocity head at this
point. This procedure was repeated for the remainder of the
traverse points.
17
-------
4.1.8.4 Sample Recovery and Clean-up; During the run, if
necessary, and following the run the filters were quantitatively
recovered into petri dishes. Following the run, the particulate
matter was quantitatively recovered using acetone from all ot the
surfaces from the cyclone exit to the front half of the in-stack
filter holder, including the "turn around" cup inside the cyclone
and the interior surfaces of the exit tube. The rinsings were
placed into labeled glass bottles. The filters and rinsings were
transported to the ETS laboratory for gravimetric analyses as
described by EPA Method 5.
The back-half of the sampling train (impingers plus
connecting glassware) was recovered in accordance with EPA Method
202 procedures. The pH of the first impinger was measured
immediately after the test. If the pH was less than 4.5, then
the entire impinger train was purged for one hour using purified
air in accordance with Method 202 procedures. If the pH of the
first impinger exceeds 4.5, then the purge was omitted.
A schematic of the recovery of the combined 201A/202 train is
presented in figure 4.1.8.4-1. The analysis for the 201A and 202
sampling trains were slightly different.
4.1.8.5 Field Blanks; One field blank was collected during
the test program for each location where PM10/CPM were tested.
Each field blank consisted of a complete sampling train set up on
site and recovered during the recovery of the normal stack test
samples.
4.1.8.6 CPM Analyses - EPA Method 202; The determination
of the total condensible particulate matter (CPM) in the back-
half of the sampling train was determined in accordance with
Method 202 procedures. The total sulfate concentration of the
impinger contents and aqueous rinses were determined by analyzing
an aliquot of each sample using ion chromatography. The impinger
contents and aqueous rinses were then combined with the methylene
chloride rinses and extracted twice with methylene chloride using
a separatory funnel. The samples were divided into organic
(methylene chloride) and inorganic (aqueous) fractions. The
organic fraction was evaporated at room temperature and
pressure, and the resulting residue gravimetrically analyzed to a
constant weight.
The inorganic fraction was evaporated to dryness at 105°C.
If the pH of the original impinger solutions was less than 4.5,
then the resulting residue was redissolved in 100 milliliters of
distilled water, and made basic using concentrated ammonium
hydroxide. The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness at
105°C once more, and the residue determined gravimetrically. If
the pH of the original solution was greater than 4.5, then the
ammonia addition step was omitted.
The back-half condensible particulate catch will equal the
18
-------
organic residue plus the inorganic residue plus the combined
water removed by the acid-base reaction based on the impinger
analysis for sulfate.
The total particulate catch will equal the front-half probe
rinse and filter plus the back-half condensibles. A schematic of
the analytical procedure is contained in Figure 4.1.8.6-1.
4.1.8.7 PMin Analyses - EPA Method 201A: Analyses of the
glass fiber filters and cyclone acetone rinses from the PM10
sampling were performed gravimetrically in accordance with EPA
Method 5 procedures. The total PM10 catch included the
particulate collected in the acetone rinses from all of the
surfaces from the cyclone exit to the front half of the in-stack
filter holder, including the "turn around" cup inside the cyclone
and the interior surfaces of the exit tube, as well as the
particulate collected by the glass fiber filter. A schematic of
the analytical procedure is contained in Figure 4.1.8.6-1.
4.1.9 Particle Sizing - Andersen Impactor; Particle sizing
was performed using an eight-stage Andersen-style cascade
impactor, following the general procedures recommended by the
impactor manufacturer.
4.1.9.1 Sampling Train Description; Figure 4.1.9.1-1 shows
the major components of the impactor sampling train. Stack gas
was pulled through an appropriately sized stainless steel nozzle
to insure isokinetic sampling. From the nozzle, the sample gas
was then pulled through an Andersen Mark III Cascade Impactor
consisting of eight fiberglass filters and a single back-up
filter. Each filter was supported on a perforated stainless
steel disc designed to separate particles according to their
terminal velocity through the perforations in the disc. The
gases were then passed into an impinger train consisting of four
glass impingers immersed in an ice bath. The first two impingers
initially contained 100 milliliters of deionized, distilled
water. The third impinger was initially empty, and the
fourth initially contained approximately 200 grams of silica gel.
4.1.9.2 Sampling Train Operation; Sampling was done in
accordance with the procedures recommended by Andersen 2000 for
leak checking, isokinetic sampling rate and stack traversing.
4.1.9.3 Sample Recovery and Clean-up; Recovery of the
cascade impactor sampling nozzle was accomplished and using a
teflon-fiber probe brush. The nozzle was rinsed with acetone
three times and brushed between rinsings. The impactor filters
were individually collected and placed back into their original
tared containers. The impinger contents were measured for
moisture gain and discarded. The silica gel from the fourth
impinger was transferred back to its original Nalgene container.
19
-------
The amount of moisture collected in the sampling train was
quantified in order to determine the stack gas moisture content
in accordance with EPA Method 4. A schematic of the recovery
process is shown in figure 4.1.9.3-1.
4.1.9.4 Andersen Impactor Analysis; Mass gains for the
filters of each stage of the cascade impactor will be determined
in accordance with EPA Method 5 procedures. Each filter will be
analyzed gravimetrically to a constant weight. A schematic of
the analysis is shown in figure 4.1.9.4-1.
4.1.10 Hvdroaen Fluoride (HF^ - EPA Method 26; HF
emissions were measured in accordance with EPA Method 26. The
procedure involves absorbing the HF in dilute sulfuric acid and
analyzing the solution for total fluorides using an ion
chromatography technique.
4.1.10.1 Sampling Train Description; A schematic of the
Method 26 sampling train is shown in Figure 4.1.10.1-1. A heated
glass probe was used for sample withdrawal. The gas stream was
passed through a heated Teflon filter and five glass impingers.
The impingers were immersed in an ice bath. The first impinger
was initially left empty, a shortened tube is used to prevent
bubbling of the gas sample through the collected condensate. The
second and third impingers were each charged with 15 ml of 0.1
Normal sulfuric acid solution for HF absorption. The fourth
impinger was charged with 15 ml of 0.1 Normal sodium hydroxide to
absorb acid gases harmful to the dry gas meter. The fifth
impinger was charged with silica gel to absorb any moisture
before the stream enters the dry gas meter.
4.1.10.2 Sampling Train Operation; The gas stream was
sampled at a single point in the center of the stack for 120
minutes at a sampling rate of approximately 2 liters per minute.
All sampling procedures, such as leak checking and system
purging, were in accordance with EPA Method 26. The impingers
were maintained in an ice bath during the sampling period. The
sample train was initially leak checked from the probe and
subsequently checked at the three way stopcock for the following
runs. The sample trains were leak checked to demonstrate a
leakage rate not in excess of 2% of the average sample.
4.1.10.3 Sample Recovery and Clean-up; A schematic of the
recovery of the Method 26A sampling train is contained in figure
4.1.10.3-1. y
4.1.10.4 Field Blanks; One field blank was collected
during the test program for each location from which HF was
tested. The field blank consisted of a complete sampling train
set up on site and recovered during the recovery of the normal
stack test samples.
20
-------
4.1.10.5 Hydrogen Fluoride Analyses; The contents of the
first three impingers of the Method 26 train were analyzed for
fluoride in accordance with EPA Method 26 procedures. The
contents of the fourth impinger (sodium hydroxide) was not
analyzed. Ion chromatography was employed in the analyses. A
schematic of the analytical procedure is contained in Figure
4.1.10.5-1.
4.1.11 Continuous Monitoring for Q.,. C07. CO. NCL. and THC -
Instrumental Methods; Instrumental monitoring of the stack gases
were performed in accordance with the following procedures:
GAS
02
CO,
CO
NO,
THC
REFERENCE METHOD
Method 3A
Method 3A
Method 10
Method 7E
Method 25A
INSTRUMENT TYPE
Teledyne Model 32OA Chemical
Cell Portable 02 Analyzer
HORIBA Model PIR-2000 NDIR
C02 Analyzer
TECO Model 48 NDIR CO Analyzer
TECO Model 10AR Chemilu-
minesence NOX Analyzer
J.U.M. Model VE-7 Heated
THC Analyzer (FID)
All of the analyzers except the hydrocarbon analyzer
measured gas concentrations on a dry volume basis. The
hydrocarbon analyzer measured the concentrations in parts per
million wet volume as propane (ppmwv as C3H8) .
4.1.11.1 Sampling System Description; An integrated,
remote instrumental system housing the pollutant gas analyzers as
well as the diluent gas (02 and C02) monitors were used. The
design incorporated a dry extractive system. All of the
instruments were housed in a trailer located at ground level.
Figure 4.1.11.1-1 is a schematic of the dry sampling system.
Each dry sampling system consisted of a heated stainless steel
probe located at the stack port location. A heated glass fiber
filter was attached to the probe for rough particulate removal.
A short section of heated Teflon sample line delivered the sample
to an ice-cooled condenser designed to remove the flue gas
moisture. An unheated Teflon sample line transported the dry gas
sample from the stack port location down to the instrumental
system. The sample gas exiting the Teflon sample line was pumped
to the 02/ C02, CO, and NOX monitors.
The sampling system for each hydrocarbon analyzer
incorporated a heated stainless steel probe, a heated glass fiber
filter, and a heated Teflon sample line. The sample line was
21
-------
heated along its entire length from the stack sampling location
to the analyzer. Figure 4.1.11.1-2 is a schematic of the wet
sampling system used for Method 25A.
4.1.11.2 Data Acquisition System; The response outputs of
the monitors were recorded digitally by a Campbell Scientific
Model CR10WP multi-channel data acquisition system. The system
sampled at a rate of 60 Hz, and stored one-minute average values.
4.1.11.3 Calibration; At the beginning of every test day,
each monitor in the dry sampling system was zeroed, using Zero
Nitrogen, and spanned, using a certified calibration gas (EPA
Protocol 1 certified or ± 1% Traceable Standards) with a
concentration of 80-100% of the instrument span. Following local
calibration a mid range gas, 40-60% of the instrument span, was
introduced locally to each monitor to check for response
linearity. The mid range response error did not exceed 2% of the
instrument span as required by EPA Reference Method 6C.
At the beginning of every test day in which THCs were to be
measured, each THC monitor was zeroed, using Zero Nitrogen, and
spanned, using a certified propane calibration gas (EPA Protocol
1 certified or ± 1% Traceable Standards) with a concentration of
80-90% of the instrument span. Following local calibration a mid
range gas (45-55% of the instrument span) and a low range gas
(25-35% of instrument span) was introduced locally to each
monitor to check for response linearity. The mid range response
error did not exceed 5% of the respective gas value as required
by EPA Reference Method 25A.
After locally calibrating all monitors, calibration gas was
introduced remotely through the probe in order to verify the
absence of sampling system bias. The bias error did not exceed
5% of the instrument span as required by EPA Reference Method 6C.
After each test run, Zero Nitrogen and a high range calibration
gas was introduced locally to each monitor to check for
calibration drift error. In accordance with Methods 6C and 25A,
the instrument drift did not exceed 3% of the instrument span
except, for the run to be considered valid.
At the end of every test day, calibration gas was again
introduced remotely through the probe in order to verify the
absence of sampling system bias. The bias error did not exceed
5% of the instrument span except for the runs noted in the field
test changes and problems section of this report.
4-1-12 Methane and Ethane Sampling - EPA Method 18; EPA
Method 18 was conducted for sampling methane (CH4) and
ethane(C2H8). Samples were collected using the Flexible Bag
Procedure with some modifications.
22
-------
4.1.12.1 Sampling Train Description; A stainless steel
probe was affixed to the pollutant sampling probe for sampling
purposes. A teflon-lined leak-free diaphragm pump, delivering
500 to 750 mL/min of flue gas, was used to fill a Tedlar bag.
Figure 4.1.12.1 shows a schematic of the sampling train.
4.1.12.2 Pre-Test Bag Preparation; Each new, unused tedlar
bag was checked for contamination before testing by filling with
an inert gas (zero nitrogen), allowing it to sit overnight, then
analyzing the contents with by FID.
4.1.12.3 Sampling Train Operation; Multi-point, integrated
sampling was used to obtain a constant rate sample of flue gas
concurrent with the VOST and Semi-VOST. Sampling was of the same
duration (except purges following port changes) as the pollutant
runs. A sampling schematic is shown in figure 4.1.12.3-1.
4.1.12.4 Ethane and Methane Analysis; Bag samples were
analyzed for methane and ethane using a GC in accordance with EPA
Method 18, Section 7.1.5 "Analysis of Bag Samples" (40 CFR 60,
Appendix A). Analysis for methane and ethane was performed by
injection of an aliquot of the gas sample on a gas chromatograph
and analyzing the sample by FID. A schematic of the analytical
procedure is shown in Figure 4.1.12.4-1.
4.1.13 Volatile Organics Sampling; Sampling for volatile
organics was conducted in accordance with Method 0030 of SW-846.
4.1.13.1 Sampling Train Description; A schematic of the
volatile organic sampling Train (VOST) is shown in Figure
4.1.13.1-1. The primary components of the VOST system were the
probe, condenser, condensate trap, a second condenser, and a
backup resin trap. The first cartridge was packed with
approximately 1.6 grams of Tenax-GC resin. The second cartridge
was packed with Tenax-GC and petroleum-based charcoal (1 gram of
each, approximately 3:1 by volume), with the charcoal on the
outlet end of the cartridge. The first trap retained most of the
higher boiling analytes. Lower boiling analytes and the portion
of the higher boiling analytes that break through the first
cartridge were retained on the second trap. Analytes that
collect in the condensate trap were purged into the second trap
and condenser units. The metering system consisted of vacuum
gauges, a leak-free pump, a calibrated rotameter, and a dry gas
meter.
4.1.13.2 Sampling Train Operation; Sampling was done in
accordance with Method 0030 of SW-846 procedures, including leak
checking and sampling rate. The train was leak checked by
closing the valve at the inlet to the first condenser and pulling
a vacuum of 10 in. Hg above the normal operating pressure. The
traps and condensers were isolated from the pump and the leak
check noted. The leak rate was less than 0.1 in. Hg per minute.
23
-------
After leak checking, sample collection was accomplished by
opening the valve at the inlet to the first condenser, turning on
the pump, and sampling at the rate of approximately one liter per
minute (1 1pm) for 20 minutes. At this point, the train was
leaked checked at the highest vacuum achieved during the sampling
run, and the first pair of sorbent cartridges were replaced with
a new pair of cartridges. This procedure was repeated until a
total of six pairs of sorbent cartridges were used. This
resulted in a sampling time of 120 minutes per run.
4.1.13.3 Sample Train Recovery and Clean-up; At the end of
each 20-minute sampling period, each pair of sorbent cartridges
was removed from the sampling train, the end caps were replaced
on the cartridges, and the cartridges were stored in a cooler
with "Blue Ice" until analysis. A schematic of the recovery is
shown in figure 4.1.13.3-1.
4.1.13.4 Field Blanks; A single pair of sorbent cartridges
was taken to each sampling location and the ends removed for a
period of time while the two pairs of sorbent cartridges on the
VOST system were exchanged. At the end of this period, the end
caps were replaced, and the cartridges were stored and analyzed
with the samples cartridges.
4.1.13.5 Volatile Organics Analyses - Method 0030; The
VOST sorbent cartridges were analyzed for Volatile Compounds
listed in Table 1.1-2. The analyses were performed using thermal
desorption and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS)
in accordance with Method 0030 procedures. A schematic of the
analytical procedure is contained in Figure 4.1.13.5-1.
4.1.14 Semivolatile Organics Sampling; Sampling for semi-
volatile organics was conducted in accordance with Method 0010 of
SW-846.
4.1.14.1 Sampling Train Description; Figure 4.1.14.1-1
illustrates the Method 0010 sampling train. The train employed a
single piece quartz nozzle and probe for sample withdrawal. The
nozzle opening was appropriately sized to maintain isokinetic
sampling. Particulate matter was removed from the gas stream by
means of a heated gas filter supported on a Teflon frit. The
filter temperature was maintained at 248 + 25°F. After
particulate removal, the gases passed into a water-cooled glass
condenser and enter an XAD resin sorbent trap. The sorbent trap
was packed with pre-cleaned, quality control checked amberlite
XAD-2 resin. Coolant water maintained at wet-ice temperature was
continuously recirculated into the assembly using a submersible
water pump. The condenser cooled the sample gases and condensed
part of the moisture. The cooled gases and condensate flowed
down through the XAD-2 resin which retained the organics. After
passing through the sorbent trap, the sample gases passed through
a chilled impinger train to remove the remaining moisture. The
24
-------
impinger train consisted of five glass impingers immersed in an
ice bath. The first impinger was left blank to facilitate
collection of the condensate which passed through the XAD-2 resin
trap. The second and third impingers each contained 100
milliliters of distilled water. The fourth impinger was
initially empty and the fifth impinger initially contained
approximately 200 grams of silica gel. All components from the
nozzle to the fourth impinger were made of glass. All
connections from the probe to the exit stem of the fourth
impinger were sealed with Teflon 0-rings. Sealing grease was not
used on any connections before the fifth impinger.
4.1.14.2 Sampling Train Operation; Sampling was performed
in general accordance with EPA Method 5 procedures and
specifications, including leak checking, isokinetic sampling
rate, and stack traversing. Sampling was performed for 7.5
minutes at each of the 24 traverse points, yielding a 180-minute
test per run at each test location. A minimum sample volume of
106 dry standard cubic feet was obtained for each run.
4.1.14.3 Sample Recovery and Clean-up; At the completion
of each test run, the probe was removed from the train, and the
ends of the sample train capped with hexane-rinsed aluminum foil.
The probe was immediately recovered at each sampling location,
while the remainder of the sampling train was transported to a
clean-up site for recovery- Sample recovery proceeded as follows
(figure 4.1.14.3-1);
Immediately upon recovery, all samples including liquid
rinses, filters and sorbent traps were placed into insulated
coolers packed with ice, thus protecting the samples from light
and heat.
The samples remained inside the coolers during transport to
the analytical laboratory. While in the custody of ETS, the
temperatures inside the coolers were periodically measured to
insure that the samples did not exceed 32°F. All samples were
express mailed directly to the analytical lab for analysis.
While at the lab, the samples were kept in a refrigerated
compartment until analyzed.
4.1.14.4 Field Blanks; Three field blanks were collected
during the test program for the Method 0010 tests. Each field
blank consisted of a complete sampling train set up on site and
recovered during the recovery of the normal stack test samples.
4.1.14.5 Semivolatile Oroanics Analyses; Analysis of the
Method 0010 sample train components were performed in accordance
with the procedures outlined in Method 0010 of SW-846. Analyses
were performed for the Semivolatile compounds listed in Table
1.1-3. The analyses were performed with high resolution gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A schematic of the
25
-------
analytical procedure is contained in Figure 4.1.14.5-1.
5.0 QA/QC ACTIVITIES
Specific quality control (QC) procedures were followed to
ensure the continuous production of useful and valid data
throughout the course of this test program. The QC checks and
procedures described in this section represent an integral part
of the overall sampling and analytical scheme. Strict adherence
to prescribed procedures is quite often the most applicable QC
check. A discussion of both the sampling and analytical QC
checks that were utilized during this program are presented
below.
5.1 Equipment: QA Procedures
For all test methods requiring a dry gas meter, an EPA
supplied calibrated critical orifice was used for auditing.
Limits of acceptability and procedures followed those recommended
in Method 5, Section 7.2 of 40 CFR 60. Data sheets for the above
procedures were provided by the EPA.
5.2 Equipment QC Procedures
5.2.1 Equipment Inspection and Maintenance; Each item of
field test equipment was assigned a unique, permanent
identification number. An effective preventive maintenance
program was necessary to ensure data quality. Each item of
equipment returning from the field was inspected before it was
returned to storage. During the course of these inspections,
items were cleaned, repaired, reconditioned, and recalibrated
where necessary.
Each item of equipment transported to the field was
inspected again before being packed to detect equipment problems
which may originate during periods of storage. This minimizes
lost time on the job site due to equipment failure.
Equipment failure in the field was unavoidable despite the
most rigorous inspection and maintenance procedures. For this
reason, ETS routinely transported to the job site spare equipment
for all critical sampling train components.
5.2.2 Equipment Calibration; New items for which
calibration was required were calibrated before initial field
use. Equipment whose calibration status may change with use or
time was inspected in the field before testing began and again
upon return from each field use. When an item of equipment was
found to be out of calibration, it was repaired and recalibrated
or retired from service. All equipment was periodically
26
-------
ji f i-v,a outcome of these regular
recalibrated in full, regardless of the outcome o
inspections .
Calibrations are conducted in a manner and at a ^^7
which meets or exceeds U.S. EPA ^Jhodsf and those
ethoas, a
w . hods an
calibration procedures outlined in the EPA Methoas, a
recommended within the Quality Assurance Handbook for _Air
Volume III (PA-eou/* / u
Pollution Measurement Systems: Volume III
August, 1977). When these methods were in, .
Sods such as those prescribed by the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) .
Data obtained during calibrations were recorded on
standardized forms, which were checked for complet jness and
accuracy by the quality assurance director or the quality
assuranL managed Data reduction and ^se?ue^sCal^^^°Sons
were performed using ETS's own computer facilities. Calculations
were checked at least twice for accuracy.
Emissions sampling equipment requiring calibration included pitot
tubes, pressure gauges, thermometers, dry gas meters, ana
barometers. The following sections elaborate on the calibration
procedures followed by ETS for these items of equipment.
5.2.2.1 Pitot Tubes; All Type-S pitot tubes used by ETS,
whether separate or attached to a sampling probe, are constructed
in-house. Each new pitot was calibrated in accordance with the
geometric standards contained in EPA Method 2. A Type S pitot
tube, constructed and positioned according to these standards,
had a coefficient of 0.84 ± 0.02. This coefficient should not
change as long as the pitot tube was not damaged. The actual
coefficient of each pitot tube was determined using a wind tunnel
calibration against a standard NIST traceable pitot tube. These
calibrations were performed in accordance with EPA Method 2
procedures .
Each pitot tube was inspected visually upon return from the
field. If a cursory inspection indicated damage or raised doubt
that the pitot remained true to its original calibration, the
pitot tube was refurbished as needed and recalibrated.
5.2.2.2 Impinger Thermometer; Prior to the start of
testing, the thermometer used to monitor the temperature of the
gas leaving the last impinger was compared with a mercury-in-
glass thermometer which meets ASTM E-l No. 63F specifications.
The impinger thermometer was adjusted when necessary until it
agreed within 2°F of the reference thermometer. If the
thermometer was not adjustable, it was labeled with a correction
factor.
5.2.2.3 Dry Gas Meter Thermometer; The thermometer used to
measure the temperature of the metered gas sample was checked
27
-------
prior to each field trip against an ASTM mercury-in-glass
thermometer. The dry gas meter thermometer was acceptable if the
values agree within ± 5.4°F. Thermometers not meeting this
requirement were adjusted or labeled with a correction factor.
5.2.2.4 Flue Gas Temperature Sensor; All thermocouples
employed for the measurement of flue gas temperatures were
calibrated upon receipt. Initial calibrations were performed at
three points (ice bath, boiling water, and furnace). An ASTM
mercury-in-glass thermometer was used as a reference. The
thermocouple was acceptable if the agreement is within 1.5
percent (absolute) at each of the three calibration points.
On-site, prior to the start of testing, the reading from the
flue gas thermocouple-potentiometer combination was compared with
an ASTM mercury-in-glass reference thermometer. If the two agree
within ± 1.5 percent (absolute), the thermocouple and
potentiometer were considered to be in proper working order for
the test series. After each field use, the thermocouple-
potentiometer system was compared with an ASTM mercury-in-glass
reference thermometer at a temperature within ± 10 percent of the
average absolute flue gas temperature data. If the absolute
temperatures agree within +1.5 percent, the temperature data
were considered valid.
5.2.2.5 Dry Gas Meter and Orifice; Two procedures were
used to calibrate the dry gas meter and orifice simultaneously.
The full calibration was a complete laboratory procedure used to
obtain the calibration factor of the dry gas meter. Full
calibrations are performed over a wide range of orifice settings.
A simpler procedure, the post test calibration, was designed to
check whether the calibration factor had changed. Post test
calibrations were performed after each field test series at an
intermediate orifice setting (based on the test data) and at the
maximum vacuum reached during the test.
Each metering system received a full calibration at the time
of purchase and a post test calibration after each field use. If
the calibration factor Y deviated by less than five percent from
the initial value, the test data were acceptable. If Y deviated
by more than 5 percent, the meter was recalibrated and the meter
coefficient (initial or recalibrated) that yielded the lowest
sample volume for the test runs was used. EPA Method 5 requires
another full calibration anytime the post test calibration check
indicates that Y had changed by more than 5 percent. Standard
practice at ETS is to recalibrate the dry gas meter anytime Y was
found to be outside the range of 0.98 to
1.02.
An orifice calibration factor was calculated for each flow
setting during a full calibration. If the range of values did
not vary by more than 0.15 in. H20 over the range of 0.4 to 4.0
28
-------
in. H20, the arithmetic average of the values obtained during the
calibration was used.
5.3 Sampling QC Procedures
5.3.1 Pre-Test PC Checks »"* Procedures; The following
pretest QC checks were conducted:
All sampling eguipment was thoroughly checked to ensure
clean and operable components.
Eguipment was inspected for possible damage from
shipment.
The oil manometer used to measure pressure across the
Type S pitot tube was leveled and zeroed.
The number and location of the sampling traverse points
were checked before taking measurements.
The temperature measurement system was visually checked
for damage and operability by measuring the ambient
temperature prior to each traverse.
All cleaned glassware and sample train components were
kept sealed until train assembly.
The sampling trains were assembled in an environment
free from uncontrolled dust.
Each sampling train was visually inspected for proper
assembly.
Pretest calculations determined the proper sampling
nozzle size.
5.3.2 QC Checks and Procedures During Testing; The
following checks and procedures will be conducted during testing:
Readings of temperature and differential pressure were
taken at each traverse point.
All sampling data and calculations were recorded on
Preformatted data sheets.
All calibration data forms were reviewed for
completeness and accuracy.
Any unusual occurrences were noted during each run on
the appropriate data form.
The project supervisor reviewed sampling data sheets
29
-------
daily during testing.
The roll and pitch axis of the Type S pitot tube and
the sampling nozzle were properly maintained.
Leak check the train before and after any move from one
sampling port to another during a run or if a filter
change took place.
Conduct additional leak checks if the sampling time
exceeded 4 hours.
Maintained the probe, filter and impingers at the
proper temperature.
Maintained ice in the ice bath at all times.
Make proper readings of the dry gas meter, delta P and
delta H, temperature, and pump vacuum during sampling
at each traverse point.
- Maintained isokinetic sampling within ± 10% of 100%.
5.3.3 QC Checks and Procedures After Testing;
Visually inspect the sampling nozzle.
Visually inspect the Type S pitot tube.
Leak check each leg of the Type S pitot tube.
Leak check the entire sampling train.
5 .4 Analytical QA Procedures
All analytical QA procedures followed those given in each
test method. Each test method along with the prescribed
reference sections regarding auditing procedures are as follows:
Test Method Reference
Method 29 - Method 29, Section 7
proposed to be added to
Appendix A of 40 CFR 60
Method 26 - Method 26, Section 6.2
of 40 CFR 60
Method 18 - Method 18, Section 7.4.4.3
of 40 CFR 60
30
-------
Method 0030 - Method 0030, Section 7.0
of SW - 846
Method 0010 - Method 0010, Section 11.0
of SW - 846
5.5 Analytical QC Procedures
All analyses for this program were performed using accepted
laboratory procedures in accordance with the specified analytical
protocols. Adherence to prescribed QC procedures ensured data of
consistent and measurable quality. Analytical QC focused upon
the use of control standards to provide a measure of analytical
precision and accuracy. Also, specific acceptance criteria were
defined for various analytical operations including calibrations,
control standard analyses, drift checks, blanks, etc. The
following general QC procedures were incorporated into the
analytical effort:
The on-site project supervisor reviewed all analytical
data and QC data on a daily basis for completeness and
acceptability.
Analytical QC data was tabulated using the appropriate
charts and forms on a daily basis.
Copies of the QC data tabulation were submitted to the
quality assurance manager following the completion of
the test program.
All hard copy raw data (i.e., strip charts, computer
printouts, etc.) were maintained in organized files.
5.6 QA/QC Checks of Data Reduction
Calculations that were to be used in the field were checked
by the QA officer prior to testing with predetermined data. The
QA officer performed random checks in the field to insure data
was being properly recorded. Upon completion of the testing,
data was then transferred from the data sheets to the computer.
This process was also reviewed and checked by the QA officer.
When multiple tests were performed in one location, data from
each test were compared.
5.7 Sample Identification and Custody
/• ^ Each test run was assigned a unique run identification
JOQ* ^v!1? consisted of a 3 digit code for the location, the
test method and the specific test run. Labels were pre-printed
31
-------
with the test method, the container number, a unique
client/sample i.d., a space to write in the run number described
above and the contents of the sample container. As each sample
was recovered, its sample label was attached and the sample
number and contents were recorded in the chain of custody section
of the run sheet. The run identification, the sample number and
contents were then recorded in a bound field sample log that was
maintained by the sample recovery person. A glue on label
carrying the signature of the recovery person was placed around
the lid to the shoulder of the sample bottle in such a way that
the label must be broken for the sample bottle to be opened. A
three way check was then made by the recovery person to insure
that the sample label information, the log book information and
the run sheet chain of custody all corresponded correctly.
When the samples were returned for analysis, the team leader
again checked to see that the sample label information, the run
sheet chain of custody and the field log book information all
corresponded correctly. Any discrepancies were brought to the
attention of the project manager. If any condition existed that
may influence the integrity of the sample, it was noted and
brought to the attention of the project manager (i.e. broken
seals, leaking samples, improper storage temperature). All of
the chain of custody information was entered into a database. A
print out of the computerized field log was made and checked
against the chain of custody on the test run sheet. A copy of
the computerized chain of custody accompanied the samples to the
location where they were to be analyzed. Each sample label was
checked again against the computerized field log as it was sent
from sample management.
32
-------
Table l.l-l: Targeted Metals
METAL
antimony
arsenic
beryllium
cadmium
chromium
lead
manganese
mercury
nickel
phosphorus
selenium
33
-------
TABLE 1.1-2: Targeted Volatile Compounds
COMPOUND (VALIDATED1)
COMPOUND (NOT VALIDATED2)
chloromethane
bromomethane
methylene chloride
chloroform
trichlorofluoromethane*
iodomethane
carbon tetrachloride
trichloroethene*
benzene
tetrachloroethene
acetone
carbon disulfide
acrylonitrile
2-butanone
1,1,1-trichloroethane
vinyl acetate
2-hexanone*
toluene
ethylbenzene
styrene
o-xylene
m-/p-xylene
2 Validated Analytical Method
t Not a Validated Analytical Method
Not a listed HAP.
34
-------
TABLE 1.1-3: Targeted Semivolatile Compounds
COMPOUND (VALIDATED1) COMPOUND (NOT VALIDATED2)
phenol 2-methylphenol*
naphthalene dimethylphthalate
dibenzofuran
di-n-butylphthalate*
bis(2-ethylhexy)phthalate
Validated Analytical Method
f Not a Validated Analytical Method
Not a listed HAP.
35
-------
Table 3.2-1:
Sampling Matrix for Crushing, Grinding, and Screen!na
Operations at Pine Hall Brick (Madison, North Carolina)
Run #
Date
1
10/27/92
2
10/28/92
3
10/29/92
4
11/02/92
5
11/03/92
6
11/04/92
7
11/05/92
8
11/06/92
Sample
Type
>
>
p>
PM
>
PP>
>
"P>
>
Test
Method
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Ambient Hi-Vola
Ambient Hi-Volb
Sample location/Time
Boundary and Grinding
7:00-16:04
8 1/2 hrs
Boundary and Grinding
7:08-16:46
9 1/2 hrs
Boundary and Grinding
7:10-15:31
8 1/4 hrs
Boundary and Crushing
8:00-17:50
10 hrs
Boundary and Crushing
6:55-15:01
8 3/4 hrs
Boundary and Crushing
6:45-15:20
9 1/4 hrs
Boundary
7:05-15:19
8 1/4 hrs
Boundary
16:15-9:03
7 1/4 hrs
40 CFR 50, Appendix B
40 CFR 50, Appendix J
36
-------
Table 3.2-2:
Test Matrix for Kiln and Sawdust Dryer Operations at Pine
Hall Brick (Madison, North Carolina).
RUN #
DATE
1
11/02/92
2
11/02/92
3
11/03/92
4
11/03/92
5
11/04/92
6
11/04/92
7
11/04/92
SAMPLE
TYPE
PS
HF
o2/co2
CO
NOV
PS
HF
o2/co2
CO
NOV
PS
HF
o2/co2
CO
NOV
PM1Q
CPM
o2/co2
CO
N0v
PM10
CPM
o2/co2
CO
NOV
S»
o2/co2
CO
NO,
MM
PM
"*£*
N0*
TEST
METHOD
Imp
M26C
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
Imp
M26C
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
Imp
M26C
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M201A
M202
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M201A
M202
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M201A
M202
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M0012
PMa
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
SIMULTANEOUS
SD- INLET SD-OUTLET SD-OUTLET
A B
13:11-15:28
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
17:33-19:42
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
9:15-11:32
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
16:54-19:36
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
10:15-12:55
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
14:12-16:45
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
19:40-22:41
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
37
-------
Table 3.2-2 (Continued)
RUN #
DATE
8
11/05/92
9
11/05/92
10
11/05/92
11
11/06/92
12
11/06/92
13
11/07/92
SAMPLE
TYPE
MM
PM
o2/co2
CO
NOV
MM
PM
o2/co2
2co 2
NOV
PS
o2/co2
co 2
NOV
VOC
SVOC
o2/co2
CO
NOX
THC
VOC
SVOC
°2/C02
CO *
NO
THC
VOC
SVOC
o2/co2
CO
NO
THC
=^==i
TEST
METHOD
M0012
PM8
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M0012
PMa
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
Imp
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M00306
M0010e
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M25AC
M0030e
M00106
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M25AC
M00306
M00106
M3AC
M10C
M7EC
M25AC
:==:=
SD- INLET SD-OUTLET SD-OCTLET
A B
9:28-11:53
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
13:25-15:50
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
16:44-17:55
120 minutes
120
120
120
11:47-16:38
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
120
17:34-21:42
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
120
9:02-13:12
120 minutes
120
120
120
120
120
:^ ^^=s
^Sg'sr^SL0^11""^ Wl^ RTF *"n(™/530-S*-91-010)
^40 CFR 60, Appendix A
integrated bag sample for GC analysis
Waste, Third Edition, Report SW-846, U.S.
~t\j ^c f\ uu, nppefllUXX A
dM18 of 40 CFR 60, Appendix 1
eTest Methods for Evaluating
38
-------
Table 3.2-3!
Test Matrix for the Grinding Building and Sawdust Dryer.
Testing performed by the EPA EMB.
Run #
Date
1
10/26/92
2
10/27/92
3
10/28/92
4
10/29/92
5
10/30/92
Sample
Type
PM10
PM10
PM10
Total
Fluoride
Total
Fluoride
Test
Method
M201
M201
M201
13B
13B
Sample Location/ Time
Grinding Building
Grinding Building
Grinding Building
Sawdust Dryer
Sawdust Dryer
39
-------
Table 3.4.1-1: Average ambient sampling concentrations.
Pollutant
TSP
PMm
East end
M9/m
61.5
26.0
West end
pg/m3
45.6
30.9
Grinding
/jg/m3
104.1
59.0
Crusher
Aig/m3
1356.9
584.6
40
-------
TABLE 3.4-1-2:
SUMMARY OF METHOD 201: TOTAL FILTERABLE PARTICULATE AND PM1Q:
GRINDING-SCREENING BUILDING
RUN NUMBER D1-M201-R1 D1-M201-R2 D1-M201-R3
DATE 10/27/92 10/28/92 10/28/92
SAMPLING DATA
Metered Volume - cf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetic
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
TOTAL FILTERABLE PARTICULATE
Concentration - gr/dscf 0
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
TOTAL PM10 EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf 0
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
62.641
240
98.8
72
20.9
0.0
1.0
31.13
23471
22709
EMISSIONS
.01166
2.270
.00094
0.183
51.108
180
98.4
61
20.9
0.0
1.0
33.64
26163
25891
0.00777
1.724
0.00077
0.171
52.638
180
98.2
69
20.9
0.0
1.0
34.87
27119
26414
0.01284
2.907
0.00072
0.163
AVERAGE
55.462
200
98.5
67
20.9
0.0
1.0
33.21
25585
25005
0.01076
2.300
0.00081
0.172
Note:
Dl is duct #1 off the Grinding-Screening building.
See Appendix F.3.1 for detailed field sampling information.
A duct size of 48.0 inches was used in calculating flowrates. This
information was gathered from ETS, Inc. files pertaining to the duct work.
41
-------
TABLE 3.4.1-3:
SUMMARY OF METHOD 201: TOTAL FILTERABLE PARTICT) 7VI.
GRINDING-SCREENING BUILDING
AND
MO'
RUN NUMBER
DATE
D2-M201-R1 D2-M201-R2 D2-M201-R3
10/27/92 10/28/92 10/28/92
AVERAGE
SAMPLING DATA
Metered Volume - cf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetic
45.031
240
99.2
35.88
180
104.2
36.691
180
102.6
39.201
200
102.0
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
72
20.9
0.0
1.0
61
20.9
0.0
1.0
67
20.9
0.0
1.0
67
20.9
0.0
1.0
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
38.15
28764
27883
38.50
29943
29668
39.72
30891
30280
38.79
29866
29277
TOTAL FILTERABLE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf 0.01584 0.00736 0.01064 0.01128
Mass Rate - Ib/hr 3.786 1.872 2.762 2.806
TOTAL PM1Q EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
0.00185
0.442
0.00097
0.247
0.00088
0.228
0.00123
0.306
Note:
D2 is duct #2 off the Grinding-Screening building.
See Appendix F.3.2 for detailed field sampling information.
A duct size of 48.0 inches was used in calculating flowrates. This
information was gathered from ETS, Inc. files pertaining to the duct work.
42
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-1: SUMMARY OF FILTERABLE PARTICULATE AND METALS EMISSIONS:
SAWDUST DRYER INLET.
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
IN-MM/TSP-R1
11/04/92
19:40
22:41
Metered Volume - dcf 74.087
Corrected Volume - dscf 73.648
Total Test Time - min 120
% Isokinetics 102.3
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF 496.9
Oxygen - % 15.5
Carbon Dioxide - % 4.9
Moisture - % 7.97
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec 58.50
Actual Volume - acfm 55826
Standard Volume - dscfm 28005
FILTERABLE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf
Cone. - gr/dscf @ 7% O2
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
METALS EMISSIONS - Ib/hr
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Phosphorus
Selenium
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
0.0201
0.0515
4.83
IN-MM/TSP-R2
11/05/92
09:28
11:53
83.040
82.184
120
99.8
494.6
16.1
4.8
6.52
65.49
62490
32033
0.0206
0.0595
5.64
453.23
55.36
34.12
6.85
IN-MM/TSP-R3
11/05/92
13:25
15:50
76.204
74.533
120
100.5
495.0
16.1
4.6
7.37
60.11
57357
28862
0.0196
0.0560
4.84
AVERAGE
401.98
56.16
39.39
9.04
77.777
76.789
120
100.9
495.5
15.9
4.8
7.29
61.36
58558
29634
0.0201
0.0557
5.10
< 1
9
9
1
5
5
1
1
3
1
1
.24E-04
.52E-04
.06E-06
.06E-04
.68E-04
.66E-03
.88E-02
.65E-04
. 55E-04
.92E-02
.97E-03
< 1
9
9
2
9
2
1
9
6
3
3
.24E-04
.09E-04
.28E-06
.91E-04
.23E-04
.92E-03
.72E-02
.02E-05
.10E-04
.09E-02
.70E-04
1.
7.
1.
4.
1.
8.
6.
2.
7.
2.
5.
97E-04
53E-04
84E-05
79E-04
19E-03
04E-03
08E-01
45E-04
81E-04
16E-02
12E-04
< 1.
8.
1.
2.
8.
5.
2.
1.
5.
2.
9.
48E-04
71E-04
23E-05
92E-04
93E-04
54E-03
15E-01
67E-04
82E-04
39E-02
50E-04
369.35
46.50
34.02
7.03
408.19
52.67
35.84
7.64
43
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-2: SUMMARY OF FILTERABLE PARTICULATE AND METALS EMISSIONS;
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A.
RUN I.D. OA-MM/TSP-R1
DATE 11/04/92
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
19:40
22:41
81.477
78.602
120
102.7
180.9
17.2
3.3
12.22
44.78
24634
17170
OA-MM/TSP-R2
11/05/92
09:29
11:53
80.045
77.167
120
103.3
190.8
17.1
3.4
11.37
43.91
24157
16756
OA-MM/TSP-R3
11/05/92
13:25
15: 50
83.415
80.166
120
104.1
194.2
17.2
3.3
11.85
46.11
25365
17273
AVERAGE
81.646
78.645
120
103.3
188.6
17.2
3.4
11.81
44.93
24719
17066
FILTERABLE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf
Cone. - gr/dscf @ 7% O2
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
METALS EMISSIONS - Ib/hr
Antimony <
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Phosphorus <
Selenium
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
0.0150
0.0565
2.21
2.72E-05
1.97E-04
2.31E-06
8.12E-05
2.72E-04
2.41E-03
2.63E-03
1.34E-04
3.17E-04
7.04E-03
4.60E-04
346.92
25.98
24.40
3.00
0.0153
0.0563
2.19
< 2.76E-05
2.31E-04
< 1.44E-06
1.52E-04
6.78E-04
9.18E-04
3.78E-03
8.62E-05
4.51E-04
4.71E-03
4.51E-04
360.91
26.38
26.86
3.22
0.0207
0.0781
3.07
< 2.65E-05
2.60E-04
8.84E-06
5.79E-05
1.52E-04
1.11E-04
6.43E-03
6.10E-05
1.19E-04
< 6.93E-03
4.29E-04
349.77
26.35
19.91
2.46
0.0170
0.0636
2.49
< 2.71E-05
2.30E-04
< 4.20E-06
9.71E-05
3.67E-04
1.15E-03
4.28E-03
9.39E-05
2.96E-04
< 6.23E-03
4.47E-04
352.53
26.24
23.72
2.90
44
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-3: SUMMARY OF FILTERABLE PARTICULATE AND METALS EMISSIONS:
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B.
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
OB-MM/TSP-R1
11/04/92
19:40
22:41
Metered Volume - dcf 75.403
Corrected Volume - dscf 75.053
Total Test Time - min 120
% Isokinetics 102.0
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF 180.6
Oxygen - % 17.3
Carbon Dioxide - % 3.3
Moisture - % 11.77
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec 42.73
Actual Volume - acfm 23505
Standard Volume - dscfm 16507
FILTERABLE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf 0.1370
Cone. - gr/dscf @ 7% O2 0.5248
Mass Rate - Ib/hr 19.39
METALS EMISSIONS - Ib/hr
Antimony < 7.10E-05
Arsenic 9.19E-05
Beryllium 2.33E-06
Cadmium 2.71E-04
Chromium 2.40E-04
Lead 2.12E-03
Manganese 3.57E-03
Mercury 1.62E-04
Nickel 2.03E-04
Phosphorus 9.05E-03
Selenium 1.73E-04
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
345.75
24.89
19.85
2.35
OB-MM/TSP-R2
11/05/92
09:28
11:53
72.906
72.342
120
101.1
181.5
17.3
3.3
10.56
40.99
22551
16044
0.1465
0.5625
20.15
< 7.16E-05
1.85E-04
< 1.47E-06
2.80E-04
6.81E-04
7.04E-04
4.30E-03
3.96E-05
3.66E-04
< 7.17E-03
4.67E-04
352.00
24.63
23.73
2.73
OB-MM/TSP-R3
11/05/92
13:25
15:50
AVERAGE
72.615
70.768
120
101.8
180.1
17.3
3.2
11.25
40.37
22208
15595
0.1555
0.6020
20.78
3.15E-05
9.80E-05
< 1.46E-06
2.63E-04
3.91E-04
3.96E-05
3.37E-03
5.98E-05
2.67E-04
< 7.14E-03
3.76E-04
335.80
22.84
25.14
2.81
73.641
72.721
120
101.6
180.8
17.3
3.2
11.20
41.36
22754
16048
0.1463
0.5631
20.11
< 5.80E-05
1.25E-04
< 1.75E-06
2.72E-04
4.37E-04
9.54E-04
3.75E-03
8.71E-05
2.79E-04
< 7.78E-03
3.39E-04
344.52
24.12
22.91
2.63
45
-------
TABLE 3.a.2-4: SUMMARY OF PM1Q AND M202 RESULTS: SAWDUST DRYEF
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
IN-M201A-R1 IN-M201A-R2 IN-M201A-R3
11/03/92 11/04/92 11/04/92
16:54 10:15 14:12
19:36 12:55 16:49
AVERAGE
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
D50
59.176
58.972
131.25
114.8
9.59
56.140
56.639
125.5
95.5
9.58
58.603
58.246
129.75
98.8
9.63
57.973
57.952
128.83
103.0
9.60
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
486.0
15.63
4.8
6.66
492.0
15.7
4.9
6.35
503.2
15.4
5.1
6.05
493.7
15.6
4.9
6.35
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
49.89
47604
24714
60.58
57812
29814
59.01
56312
28690
56.49
53909
27739
PM DISTRIBUTION
% Filterable
% Condensible
39.98
60.02
41.75
58.25
47.09
52.91
42.94
57.06
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
0.0404
8.56
0.0339
8.67
0.0324
7.97
0.0356
8.40
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
405.75
43.74
478.80
62.26
485.13
60.71
456.56
55.57
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv 31.32 37.20
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2) 5.55 7.95
35.73
7.34
34.75
6.94
46
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-5: SUMMARY OF PM1f1 AND M202 RESULTS: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A.
RUN I. D .
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
D50
GAS PARAMETERS
OA-M201A-R1 OA-M201A-R2 OA-M201A-R3
11/03/92 11/04/92 11/04/92
16:54 10:15 14:12
19:27 12:42 16:45
AVERAGE
52.652
52.724
120.9
112.2
8.97
46.381
47.097
117
101.6
9.41
56.995
55.901
135.1
99.1
9.21
52.009
51.907
124.33
104.3
9.20
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
186.9
17.55
2.6
10.93
43.35
23848
16845
185.9
17.0
3.5
11.50
44.54
24502
17177
183.7
17.3
3.2
11.48
47.01
25861
18099
185.5
17.3
3.1
11.30
44.97
24737
17374
PM DISTRIBUTION
% Filterable
% Condensible
88.37
11.63
97.29
2.71
64.17
35.83
83.28
16.72
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
0.0155
2.24
0.0139
2.05
0.0266
4.12
0.0187
2.80
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
259.80
19.09
385.83
28.91
337.84
26.67
327.82
24.89
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
15.33
1.85
24.09
2.96
22.40
2.90
20.61
2.57
47
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-6:
SUMMARY OF PM,n AND M202 RESULTS: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET
B.
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
D50
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
OB-M201A-R1 OB-M201A-R2 OB-M201A-R3
11/03/92 11/04/92 11/04/92
16:54 10:15 14:12
19:24 12:55 16:41
AVERAGE
45.427
44.870
114.1
94.3
9.61
176.2
17.08
3.41
11.19
65.889
66.492
146.7
108.6
8.84
178.5
17.08
3.36
9.37
50.230
50.122
127.9
92.8
9.62
179.2
17.12
3.40
11.02
53.849
53.828
129.57
98.6
9.36
178.0
17.09
3.39
10.53
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
45.78
25181
18067
45.18
24852
18081
46.90
25801
18311
45.95
25278
18153
PM DISTRIBUTION
% Filterable
% Condensible
83.25
16.75
90.02
9.98
84.73
15.27
86.00
14.00
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
Concentration - gr/dscf
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
0.0196
3.04
0.0124
1.91
0.0170
2.67
0.0163
2.54
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
338.85
26.70
375.25
29.59
367.27
29.33
360.46
28.54
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv 19.04 20.29
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2) 2.46 2.63
22.97
3.01
20.77
2.70
48
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-9: SUMMARY OF TOTAL FLUORIDE SAMPLING: EPA METHOD 13B: SAWDUST DRYER INLET
RUN NUMBER
DATE
IN-M13-R1 IN-M13-R2 IN-M13-R3 AVERAGE
10/29/92 10/29/92 10/30/92
SAMPLING DATA
Metered Volume - cf 130.045
Corrected Vol. - dscf 124.192
Total Teat Time - min 120
% Isokinetic 90.0
101.348 97.560 109.651
97.313 94.436 105.313
120 120 120
96.6 94.2 93.6
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
451
18.3
3.0
5.3
412
18.3
3.0
5.4
451
18.3
3.0
5.0
438
18.3
3.0
5.2
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec 46.68 46.57
Actual Volume - acfm 44545 44440
Standard Volume - dscfm 23861 25090
48.84 47.36
46609 45198
24948 24633
FLUORIDE EMISSIONS
Concentration - mg/1
Sample Vol. - ml
Cone. - ppmdv
Cone. - ppmdv @ 7% O2
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
1.8
1043.1
0.68
3.61
0.048
6.5
1329.1
3.97
21.22
0.295
73.8
1259.3
44.00
235.25
3.248
27.4
1210.5
16.22
86.70
1.197
Notes: Sample values for 2-M13-LOCE and 2A-M13-LOCE were combined for IN-M13-R2.
Sample values for 3-M13-LOCE and 3A-M13-LOCE were combined for IN-M13-R3.
49
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-10;
SUMMARY OF TOTAL FLUORIDE SAMPLING: EPA METHOD 13B: SARI
DRYER OUTLET A.
RUN NUMBER
DATE
OA-M13-R1 OA-M13-R2 OA-M13-R3
10/29/92 10/29/92 10/30/92
AVERAGE
SAMPLING DATA
Metered Volume - cf 104.366 78.196
Corrected Vol. - dscf 105.663 80.150
Total Test Time - min 120 120
% Isokinetic 75.4 94.7
85.682
87.015
120
105.9
89.415
90.943
120
92.0
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
149
19.1
2.2
6.15
141
19.1
2.2
8.05
155
19.1
2.2
10.32
148
19.1
2.2
8.17
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec 72.81 43.40 43.13 53.11
Actual Volume - acfm 42033 25052 24897 30661
Standard Volume - dscfm 32995 19911 19339 24082
FLUORIDE EMISSIONS
Concentration - mg/1
Sample Volume - ml.
Cone. - ppmdv
Cone. - ppmdv @ 7% O2
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
8.4
883.9
3.14
24.26
0.307
8.0
657.1
2.93
22.65
0.173
13.6
1310.3
9.16
70.71
0.524
10.0
950.4
5.08
39.21
0.334
Note:
Sample values for 3-M13-LOCF1 and 3A-M13-LOCF1 were combined for OA- •
50
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-11: HF DATA AND RESULTS: EPA METHOD 26: SAWDUST DRYER INLET.
RUN NUMBER
DATE
START TIME
END TIME
IN-M26-R1
11/02/92
13:11
15:28
IN-M26-R2
11/02/92
17:33
19:42
IN-M26-R3
11/03/92
09:15
11:32
AVERAGE
SAMPLING DATA
Initial Meter Volume - 1 2158.380 2289.670 2411.150 2286.400
Final Meter Volume - 1 2278.440 2409.690 2531.190 2406.440
Net Meter Volume - 1 120.060 120.020 120.040 120.040
Average Meter Temp. - F 77.4 79.4 80.0 78.9
Barometric Pres. - in.Hg 29.48 29.57 29.72 29.59
Avg. Meter Pres. -in.W.C. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Meter Cal. Factor - Gamma 1.0047 1.0047 1.0047
Corr. Meter Volume - dscf 4.132 4.128 4.145 4.135
Oxygen - %dv 15.22 14.46 15.59 15.09
GAS FLOWRATE DATA
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
54.90
52390
27292
55.55
53009
27249
51.22
48878
25509
53.89
51426
26683
LABORATORY DATA
Fluoride Analysis
Total Liquid Volume - ml
Floride Cone. - mg/liter
40.0
252.0
40.0
300.0
33.0
127.0
37.7
226.3
HF EMISSIONS
Concentration - ppmdv
Cone. - ppmdv @ 7% O2
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
109.071
266.916
9.275
129.977
280.540
11.036
45.209
118.343
3.593
94.752
221.933
7.968
51
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-12: HF DATA AND RESULTS: EPA METHOD 26: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A.
RUN NUMBER
DATE
START TIME
END TIME
OA-M26-R1
11/02/92
13:11
15:28
OA-M26-R2
11/02/92
17:33
19:42
OA-M26-R3
11/03/92
09:15
11:32
AVERAGE
SAMPLING DATA
Initial Meter Volume - 1 211.050 457.060 716.460
Final Meter Volume - 1 453.850 714.760 1092.400
Net Meter Volume - 1 242.800 257.700 375.940
Average Meter Temp. - F 64.3 65.3 68.0
Barometric Pres. - in.Hg 29.46 29.57 29.72
Avg. Meter Pres. - in.W.C. 1.0 1.0 1.0
Meter Cal. Factor - Gamma 1.0007 1.0007 1.0007
Corr. Meter Volume - dscf 8.525 9.065 13.225
Oxygen - %dv 16.79 16.65 17.76
292.147
^
n
1.0
10.272
17.07
GAS FLOWRATE DATA
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
42.15
23185
17478
41.12
22622
16774
41.96
23081
17029
41.74
22963
17094
LABORATORY DATA
Fluoride Analysis
Total Liguid Volume - ml
Fluoride Cone. - mg/liter
40.0
105.0
40.0
300.0
40.0
45.8
40.0
150.3
HF EMISSIONS
Concentration - ppmdv
Cone. - ppmdv @ 7% O2
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
22.028
74.499
1.200
59.190
193.587
3.094
6.194
27.420
0.329
29.138
98.502
1.541
52
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-13: HF DATA AND RESULTS: EPA METHOD 26: SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
RUN NUMBER
DATE
START TIME
END TIME
OB-M26-R1
11/02/92
13:11
15:28
OB-M26-R2
11/02/92
17:33
19:42
OB-M26-R3
11/03/92
09:15
11:32
AVERAGE
SAMPLING DATA
Initial Meter Volume -
Final Meter Volume -
Net Meter Volume -
Average Meter Temp
Barometric Pres. -
Avg. Meter Pres. -
Meter Cal. Factor
Corr. Meter Volume
Oxygen - %dv
ie - 1
- 1
1
- F
in.Hg
in.W.C.
Gamma
- dscf
455.560
702.150
246.590
73.2
29.48
1.0
1.0009
8.521
16.81
703.230
956.900
253.670
75.7
29.57
1.0
1.0009
8.753
16.64
955.120
1198.630
243.510
85.6
29.72
1.0
1.0009
8.291
16.91
704.637
952.560
247.923
78.2
29.59
1.0
8.522
16.79
GAS FLOWRATE DATA
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
35.79
19690
15377
38.62
21243
15734
38.55
21209
16346
37.65
20714
15819
LABORATORY DATA
Fluoride Analysis
Total Liquid Volume - ml
Fluoride Cone. - mg/liter
40.0
1.4
40.0
238.0
40.0
200.0
40.0
146.5
HF EMISSIONS
Concentration - ppmdv
Cone. - ppmdv @ 7% O2
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
0.294
0.999
0.014
48.635
158.691
2.384
43.145
150.304
2.197
30.691
103.331
1.532
53
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-14;
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SUMMARY OF VOLATILE ORGANICS EMISSIONS: METHOD 0030: SAWDUST
DRYER INLET.
IN-VST-R1
11/06/92
11:37
15:05
IN-VST-R2
11/06/92
17:42
20:47
IN-VST-R3
11/07/92
09:02
12:27
AVERAGE
VOLATILE ORGANIC EMISSIONS - Ib/hr
Acetone
Aerylonitrile
Benzene
Bromomethane
2-butanone
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Ethylbenzene
2-Hexanone
lodomethane
Methylene Chloride
M-/p-xylene
O-xylene
Styrene
Tetrachloroethane
Toluene
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Vinyl Acetate
3
4
9
5
3
2
4
4
1
2
4
2
1
4
1
4
4
2
4
4
1
4
.94E-03
.43E-04 «
.60E-03
.62E-04
.23E-04 «
.66E-04
.94E-06 «
.94E-06 <
.50E-02
.20E-04
.94E-06 «
.66E-03
.72E-04
.23E-04
.39E-04 *
.94E-06 <
.94E-06 <
.05E-03
.94E-06 <
.94E-06 «
.17E-04
.94E-06 <
2.
: 3.
9.
7.
c 5.
3.
: 5.
: 5.
1.
1.
: 5.
3.
6.
1.
: 5.
c 1.
: 5.
1.
' 5.
: 5.
7.
C 5.
79E-03
46E-04 <
50E-03
44E-04
05E-06 «
32E-04
05E-06 <
05E-06 «
68E-02
07E-04
05E-06 <
64E-03
90E-05
85E-04
97E-05
17E-05 <
05E-06 •
08E-03
05E-06 «
05E-06 <
75E-05
05E-06 «
1.
c 3.
6.
1.
c 5.
2.
c 5.
c 5.
2.
1.
: 5.
3.
1.
8.
9.
: 5.
: 5.
2.
: 5.
c 5.
9.
: 5.
29E-02
OOE-04
70E-03
19E-03
13E-06
15E-04
13E-06
13E-06
30E-03
OOE-04
13E-06
88E-03
33E-04
35E-04
OOE-05
13E-06
13E-06
14E-03
13E-06
13E-06
50E-05
13E-06
6
<3
8
8
<1
2
<5
<5
1
1
<5
3
1
4
9
<7
<5
1
<5
<5
9
<5
.55E-03
.63E-04
.60E-03
.32E-04
.11E-04
.71E-04
.04E-06
.04E-06
.14E-02
.42E-04
.04E-06
.39E-03
.25E-04
.81E-04
.64E-05
.27E-06
.04E-06
.75E-03
.04E-06
.04E-06
.64E-05
.04E-06
Notes:
Emission values for IN-VST-R1 represent the average of five separate vost tube analyses. Sample IN-
M0030-R1D was lost due to laboratory computer failure (see Appendix G.5 case narrative accompanying
laboratory data report). Emission values for runs IN-VST-R2 and IN-VST-R3 represent the averages of six
separate vost tube analyses. See Appendix B.6.1 for more detailed test results.
All VOST tubes were analyzed in tandem according to the guidelines of Methods 8240 and 5040. The
response factors used are the average response factors from the initial calibration. Amounts reported
for target compounds that are not detected are denoted as < 0.001. The reported laboratory values for
non-detected target compounds are calculated using an area of 20 counts.
The acquisitions for samples OB-M0030-R1B and 1N-M0030-R1D were lost due to laboratory computer failure.
Alt field samples were observed to contain condensation within the Tenax and Tenax-charcoal tubes prior
to analysis. Saturation of target analytes or TICs may have inhibited target analyte recoveries. All
saturated compounds should be considered underestimated and may interfere with the detection or
quantisation of target analytes.
Compounds found in the field samples at levels less than five times the amount found in the associated
blank should not be considered native to the samples. The majority of the samples had one or more
compounds at levels over the calibration range. This occurrence is identified with an '£' label, these
quantitations should be considered estimates.
Ketone results for VOST matrices should be considered semi-quantitative as these compounds often
experience erratic recovery from VOST.
See case narrative accompanying the volatile organics laboratory data, Appendix G.5, for additional
information.
54
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-15:
SUMMARY OF VOLATILE ORGANICS EMISSIONS: METHOD 0030:
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
OA-VST-R1
11/06/92
11:47
16:38
OA-VST-R2
11/06/92
17:34
21:42
OA-VST-R3
11/07/92
09:02
12:47
AVERAGE
VOLATILE ORGANIC EMISSIONS - Ib/hr
Acetone
Aerylonitrile
Benzene
Bromomethane
2-butanone
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Ethylbenzene
2-Hexanone
lodomethane
Methylene Chloride
M-/p-xylene
0-xylene
Styrene
Tetrachloroethane
Toluene
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Vinyl Acetate
5.96E-03
< 7
.39E-05
3.87E-03
3.27E-04
1.03E-03
1.07E-04
6.15E-03
1.48E-04
4.24E-03
3.38E-04
6.53E-04
1.35E-04
< 3.30E-06 < 3.25E-06 <
1.09E-02 7.67E-03
2.18E-04 < 1.46E-04
4.12E-03 4.08E-03
4.70E-04 3.78E-04
4.79E-03 < 2.16E-03
1.50E-04 1.31E-04
3.33E-06 < 3.29E-06
< 3
8
8
< 3
1
2
4
7
< 3
< 3
3
< 1
< 3
< 1
< 3
.30E-06
.41E-03
. 16E-05
.30E-06
.55E-03
.59E-04
. 64E-04
.60E-05
.30E-06
.30E-06
.91E-03
.89E-05
.30E-06
.51E-04
.30E-06
< 3
1
6
< 3
1
1
1
4
< 3
< 3
4
< 3
< 3
< 9
< 3
.25E-06
.12E-02
.73E-05
.25E-06
.83E-03
.76E-03
.68E-04
.77E-05
.25E-06
.25E-06
.OOE-03
.25E-06
.25E-06
. 15E-05
.25E-06
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
3
1
1
3
2
4
2
7
9
3
3
3
3
1
3
.33E-06
.16E-02
.10E-04
.33E-06
.07E-03
.41E-04
.56E-04
.56E-05
.28E-06
.33E-06
.82E-03
.33E-06
.33E-06
.56E-04
.33E-06
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
3
1
8
3
1
8
2
6
5
3
3
8
3
1
3
.29E-06
.04E-02
.63E-05
.29E-06
. 81E-03
. 19E-04
.96E-04
.64E-05
.28E-06
.29E-06
.91E-03
. 50E-06
.29E-06
.33E-04
.29E-06
Notes:
The emission values for each run represent the average of six separate vost tube analyses. See Appendix
B.6.2 for more detailed test results.
All VOST tubes were analyzed in tandem according to the guidelines of Methods 8240 and 5040. The
response factors used are the average response factors from the initial calibration. Amounts reported
for target compounds that are not detected are denoted as < 0.001. The reported laboratory values for
non-detected target compounds are calculated using an area of 20 counts.
The acquisitions for samples OB-M0030-R1B and IN-M0030-R1D were lost due to laboratory computer failure.
All field samples were observed to contain condensation within the Tenax and Tenax-charcoal tubes prior
to analysis. Saturation of target analytes or TICs may have inhibited target analyte recoveries. All
saturated compounds should be considered underestimated and may interfere with the detection or
quantitation of target analytes.
Compounds found in the field samples at levels less than five times the amount found in the associated
blank should not be considered native to the samples. The majority of the samples had one or more
compounds at levels over the calibration range. This occurrence is identified with an 'E' label, these
quantitations should be considered estimates.
Ketone results for VOST matrices should be considered semi-quantitative as these compounds often
experience erratic recovery from VOST.
See case narrative accompanying the volatile organics laboratory data. Appendix G.5, for additional
information.
55
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-16:
SUMMARY OF VOLATILE ORGANICS EMISSIONS: METHOD C03C
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
OB-VST-R1
11/06/92
11:47
16:37
OB-VST-R2
11/06/92
17:32
21:46
OB-VST-R3
11/07/92
09:05
12:45
AVERAGE
VOLATILE ORGANIC EMISSIONS - Ib/hr
Acetone
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Bromomethane
2-butanone
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Ethylbenzene
2-Hexanone
lodomethane
Methylene Chloride
M-/p-xylene
O-xylene
Styrene
Tetrachloroethane
Toluene
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Vinyl Acetate
9
2
6
4
1
1
3
3
1
1
3
2
2
2
7
8
3
3
3
3
1
3
.61E-03
.21E-04 <
.12E-03
.35E-04 «
.44E-03 «
.80E-04
.10E-06 «
.10E-06 «
.29E-02
.19E-04
.10E-06 <
.19E-03
.07E-04
.26E-04
.16E-05
.52E-05 <
.10E-06 <
.52E-03
.10E-06 «
.10E-06 «
.05E-04 <
.10E-06 <
9
: 2
4
c 3
c 1
1
c 3
c 3
1
6
c 3
2
3
1
4
c 1
c 3
2
c 1
c 3
c 5
: 3
.
^
f
f
f
•
•
m
•
•
.
•
m
w
•
^
^
^
^
^
^
w
47E-03
03E-04
99E-03
73E-04
59E-03
63E-04
09E-06 <
09E-06 <
02E-02
89E-05
09E-06 <
17E-03
45E-04
47E-04
65E-05
04E-04 <
09E-06 <
93E-03
19E-05 <
09E-06 <
84E-05
09E-06 <
9
2
4
4
2
1
2
2
1
6
2
2
6
1
4
2
2
3
2
2
8
2
.
.
.
.
,
•
*
•
.
a
^
^
.
,
•
•
^
^
B
B
^
f
83E-03
13E-04
59E-03
69E-04
60E-03
81E-04
87E-06
87E-06
35E-02
OOE-05
87E-06
41E-03
79E-05
66E-04
56E-05
62E-05
87E-06
44E-03
87E-06
87E-06
71E-05
87E-06
9
<2
5
<4
<1
1
<3
<3
1
8
<3
2
2
1
5
<7
<3
3
<5
<3
<8
<3
.64E-03
.12E-04
.23E-03
.26E-04
.88E-03
.75E-04
.02E-06
.02E-06
.22E-02
.27E-05
.02E-06
.26E-03
.07E-04
.80E-04
.46E-05
.18E-05
.02E-06
.30E-03
.97E-06
.02E-06
.35E-05
.02E-06
Notes:
Emission values for OB-VST-R1 represent the average of five separate vost tube analyses. Sample OB-
M0030-R1D was lost due to laboratory computer failure (see Appendix G.5 case narrative accompanying
laboratory data report). Emission values for runs IN-VST-R2 and IN-VST-R3 represent the averages of six
separate vost tube analyses. See Appendix B.6.1 for more detailed test results.
All VOST tubes were analyzed in tandem according to the guidelines of Methods 8240 and 5040. The
response factors used are the average response factors from the initial calibration. Amounts reported
for target compounds that are not detected are denoted as < 0.001. The reported laboratory values for
non-detected target compounds are calculated using an area of 20 counts.
The acquisitions for samples OB-M0030-R1B and IN-M0030-R1D were lost due to laboratory computer failure.
All field samples were observed to contain condensation within the Tenax and Tenax-charcoal tubes prior
to analysis. Saturation of target analytes or TICs may have inhibited target analyte recoveries. AH
saturated compounds should be considered underestimated and may interfere with the detection or
quantisation of target analytes.
Compounds found in the field samples at levels less than five times the amount found in the associated
blank should not be considered native to the samples. The majority of the samples had one or more
compounds at levels over the calibration range. This occurrence is identified with an '£' label, these
quantitations should be considered estimates.
Ketone results for VOST matrices should be considered semi-quantitative as these compounds often
experience erratic recovery from VOST.
See case narrative accompanying the volatile organics laboratory data. Appendix G.5, for additional
information.
56
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-17:
SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FOR SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS: METHOD 0010:
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
SEMIVOLATILE EMISSIONS (Ib/hr)
Bis(2-ethyIhexy)phthalate
Dibenzofuran
Dimethylphthalate
Di-n-butylphthalate
2-methylphenol
Naphthalene
Phenol
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
IN-M0010-R1 IN-M0010-R2 IN-M0010-R3 AVERAGE
11/06/92 11/06/92 11/07/92
11:37 17:42 09:02
15:19 21:02 13:12
104.311
105.646
180
101.5
502.3
16.42
4.5
5.60
54.94
52427
26998
6.49E-04
5.81E-04
< 3.38E-08 <
< 3.38E-08
< 3.38E-08 <
1.71E-02 <
< 3.38E-08
433.13
51.00
39.36
7.61
105.158
108.272
180
100.4
494.8
16.0
4.3
4.43
55.78
53228
27968
4.68E-04
1.73E-04 <
3.42E-08
3.04E-04 <
3.42E-08 <
3.42E-08 <
3.18E-03
474.74
57.91
26.47
5.30
108.266
111.242
180
100.8
498.5
16.3
4.4
5.79
57.83
55184
28623
3.13E-04
3.40E-08
5.10E-04
3.40E-08
3.40E-08
3.40E-08
4.36E-04
493.83
61.65
32.00
6.56
105.912
108.387
180
100.9
498.6
16.3
4.4
5.27
56.18
53613
27863
4.77E-04
<2.51E-04
<1.70E-04
<1.01E-04
<3.40E-08
<5.70E-03
<1.20E-03
467.23
56.86
32.61
6.49
57
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-18:
SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FOR SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS: METHOD 0010:
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
SEMIVOLATILE EMISSIONS (Ib/hr)
Bis(2-ethylhexy)phthalate
Dibenzofuran <
Dimethylphthalate <
Di-n-butylphthalate
2-methylphenol <
Naphthalene <
Phenol <
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
OA-M0010-R1 OA-M0010-R2 OA-MOO10-P.3
11/06/92 11/06/92 11/07/92
11:37 17:32 09:02
15:19 21:02 13:12
AVERAGE
120.273
120.642
180
102.0
185.7
16.97
3.5
9.67
44.93
24718
17689
3.44E-04 <
1.94E-08 <
1.94E-08 <
3.63E-04 <
1.94E-08 <
1.94E-08 <
1.94E-08
325.22
25.09
23.78
3.01
120.553
121.676
180
103.6
185.5
17.2
3.4
10.51
45.00
24755
17558
1.91E-08
1.91E-08 <
1.91E-08 <
1.91E-08
1.91E-08 <
1.91E-08 <
1.33E-03
353.45
27.07
24.11
3.03
121.899
123.588
180
103.1
186.0
17.2
3.4
9.51
45.21
24869
17918
3.21E-04 <
1.92E-08 <
1.92E-08 <
1.28E-04 <
1.92E-08 <
1.92E-08 <
1.59E-03 <
349.82
27.34
23.24
2.98
120.908
121.969
180
102.9
185.7
17.1
3.4
9.90
45.05
24781
17722
2.21E-04
1.92E-08
1.92E-08
1.64E-04
1.92E-08
1.92E-08
9.74E-04
342.83
26.50
23.71
3.01
58
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-19:
SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FOR SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS: METHOD 0010:
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
SEMIVOLATILE EMISSIONS
Bis(2-ethylhexy)phthalate
Dibenzofuran
Dimethylphthalate
Di-n-butylphthalate
2-methylphenol
Naphthalene
Phenol
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
OB-MOO 10-R1 OB-MOO 10-R2 OB-MOO 10-R3
11/06/92 11/06/92 11/07/92
11:37 17:32 09:02
15:19 21:02 13:12
110.613
111.720
180
98.9
181.9
17.19
3.3
6.46
41.11
22612
16895
(Ib/hr)
te 8.94E-04
< 2.00E-08 <
< 2.00E-08 <
3.82E-05
< 2.00E-08 <
< 2.00E-08 <
5.86E-04
313.89
23.13
24.84
0,) 3.01
113.298
115.140
180
101.5
182.3
17.5
3.2
8.46
42.17
23200
16954
4.49E-03
1.95E-08 <
1.95E-08 <
8.63E-05
1.95E-08 <
1.95E-08 <
9.24E-04
341.50
25.25
21.78
2.65
107.111
109.810
180
103.8
182.3
17.3
3.2
8.05
38.98
21443
15821
9.08E-04
1.91E-08 <
1.91E-08 <
1.75E-04
1.91E-08 <
1.91E-08 <
7.67E-04
338.45
23.35
20.58
2.33
AVERAGE
110.341
112.223
180
101.4
182.2
17.3
3.2
7.65
40.75
22419
16557
2.10E-03
1.95E-08
1.95E-08
9.98E-05
1.95E-08
1.95E-08
7.59E-04
331.28
23.91
22.40
2.66
59
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-20:
SUMMARY OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
IN-M25A-R1 IN-M25A-R2 IN-M25A-R3
11/06/92 11/06/92 11/07/92
11:37 17:42 09:02
15:19 21:02 13:12
AVERAGE
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf 104.311 105.158 108.266 105.912
Corrected Volume - dscf 105.646 108.272 111.242 108.387
Total Test Time - min 180 180 ISO 180
% Isokinetics 101.5 100.4 100.8 100.9
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
502.3
16.42
4.5
5.60
494.8
16.0
4.3
4.43
498.5
16.3
4.4
5.79
498.6
16.3
4.4
5.27
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
54.94
52427
26998
55.78
53228
27968
57.83
55184
28623
56.18
53613
27863
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
433.13
51.00
474.74
57.91
493.83
61.65
467.23
56.86
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
39.36
7.61
26.47
5.30
32.00
6.56
32.61
6.49
THC EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmwv (as Propane) 4.49
Cone. - ppmdv (as Propane) 4.76
Cone. - ppmdv (as Carbon) 14.27
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as Carbon) 0.72
4.85
5.07
15.22
0.80
4.78
5.07
15.22
0.81
4.71
4.97
14.90
0.78
(*) Gas flowrate data was taken from IN-M0010-R1,R2, and R3, respectively.
60
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-21:
SUMMARY OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD 25A;
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
OA-M25A-R1 OA-M25A-R2 OA-M25A-R3
11/06/92 11/06/92 11/07/92
11:37 17:32 09:02
15:19 21:02 13:12
AVERAGE
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
120.273
120.642
180
102.0
120.553
121.676
180
103.6
121.899
123.588
180
103.1
120.908
121.969
180
102.9
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
185.7
16.97
3.5
9.67
185.5
17.2
3.4
10.51
186.0
17.2
3.4
9.51
185.7
17.1
3.4
9.90
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
44.93
24718
17689
45.00
24755
17558
45.21
24869
17918
45.05
24781
17722
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
325.22
25.09
353.45
27.07
349.82
27.34
342.83
26.50
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv 23.78 24.11
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2) 3.01 3.03
23.24
2.98
23.71
3.01
THC EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmwv (as Propane) 2.67 17.86
Cone. - ppmdv (as Propane) 2.96 19.96
Cone. - ppmdv (as Carbon) 8.87 59.87
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as Carbon) 0.29 1.97
20.34
22.48
67.43
2.26
13.62
15.13
45.39
1.51
(*) Gas flowrate data was taken from OA-M0010-R1,R2, and R3, respectively.
61
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-22:
SUMMARY OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD 252\
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
OB-M25A-R1
11/06/92
11:37
15:19
OB-M25A-R2
11/06/92
17:32
21:02
OB-M25A-R3
11/07/92
09:02
13:12
AVERAGE
SAMPLING PARAMETERS
Metered Volume - dcf
Corrected Volume - dscf
Total Test Time - min
% Isokinetics
110.613
111.720
180
98.9
113.298
115.140
180
101.5
107.111
109.810
180
103.8
110.341
112.223
180
101.4
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
181.9
17.19
3.3
6.46
182.3
17.5
3.2
8.46
182.3
17.3
3.2
8.05
182.2
17.3
3.2
7.65
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
41.11
22612
16895
42.17
23200
16954
38.98
21443
15821
40.75
22419
16557
CO EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
313.89
23.13
341.50
25.25
338.45
23.35
331.28
23.91
NOx EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmdv
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as NO2)
24.84
3.01
21.78
2.65
20.58
2.33
22.40
2.66
THC EMISSIONS
Cone. - ppmwv (as Propane) 9.70 7.57
Cone. - ppmdv (as Propane) 10.37 8.27
Cone. - ppmdv (as Carbon) 31.11 24.81
Mass Rate - Ib/hr (as Carbon) 0.98 0.79
12.87
14.00
41.99
1.24
10.05
10.88
32.64
1.00
(*) Gas flowrate data was taken from OB-M0010-R1,R2, and R3, respectively.
62
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-23:
SUMMARY OF ETHANE AND METHANE EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD 18:
SAWDUST DRYER INLET
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
IN-M18-R1
11/06/92
11:37
15:19
11/06/92
17:42
21:02
IN-M18-R3
11/07/92
09:02
13:12
AVERAGE
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
502.3
16.42
4.5
5.60
494.8
16.0
4.3
4.43
498.5
16.3
4.4
5.79
498.6
16.3
4.4
5.27
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
54.94
52427
26998
55.78
53228
27968
57.83
55184
28623
56.18
53613
27863
ETHANE EMISSIONS
Cone. - ug/ml
Cone. - ppm
Cone. - mg/m3
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 5.056
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 5.238
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 5.361
< 0.050
<40.012
<50.000
< 5.218
METHANE EMISSIONS
Cone. - ug/ml
Cone. - ppm
Cone. - mg/m3
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
< 0.101 < 0.101 < 0.101 < 0.101
<151.469 <151.469 <151.469 <151.469
<101.000 <101.000 <101.000 <101.000
< 10.214 < 10.581 < 10.829 < 10.541
(*) Gas flowrate data was taken from IN-M0010-R1,R2, and R3, respectively.
63
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-24:
SUMMARY OF ETHANE AND METHANE EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD 13:
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET A
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
OA-M18-R1
11/06/92
11:37
15:19
OA-M18-R2
11/06/92
17:32
21:02
OA-M18-R3
11/07/92
09:02
13:12
AVERAGE
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
185.7
16.97
3.5
9.67
185.5
17.2
3.4
10.51
186.0
17.2
3.4
9.51
185.7
17.1
3.4
9.90
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec 44.93
Actual Volume - acfm 24718
Standard Volume - dscfm 17689
45.00
24755
17558
45.21
24869
17918
45.05
24781
17722
ETHANE EMISSIONS
Cone. - ug/ml
Cone. - ppm
Cone. - mg/m3
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 3.313
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 3.288
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 3.356
< 0.050
<40.012
<50.000
< 3.319
METHANE EMISSIONS
Cone. - ug/ml
Cone. - ppm
Cone. - mg/m3
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
< 0.101 6.150 < 0.101 < 2.117
<151.469 9223.083 <151.469 <3175.340
<101.000 6150.000 <101.000 <2117.333
< 6.692 404.468 < 6.779 < 139.313
(*) Gas flowrate data was taken from OA-M0010-R1,R2, and R3, respectively.
64
-------
TABLE 3.4.2-25:
SUMMARY OF ETHANE AND METHANE EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD 18:
SAWDUST DRYER OUTLET B
RUN I.D.
DATE
TIME STARTED
TIME ENDED
OB-M18-R1
11/06/92
11:37
15:19
OB-M18-R2
11/06/92
17:32
21:02
OB-M18-R3
11/07/92
09:02
13:12
AVERAGE
GAS PARAMETERS
Gas Temperature - oF
Oxygen - %
Carbon Dioxide - %
Moisture - %
181.9
17.19
3.3
6.46
182.3
17.5
3.2
8.46
182.3
17.3
3.2
8.05
182.2
17.3
3.2
7.65
GAS FLOWRATE
Velocity - ft/sec
Actual Volume - acfm
Standard Volume - dscfm
41.11
22612
16895
42.17
23200
16954
38.98
21443
15821
40.75
22419
16557
ETHANE EMISSIONS
Cone. - ug/ml
Cone. - ppm
Cone. - mg/m3
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 3.164
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 3.175
< 0.050
< 40.012
< 50.000
< 2.963
< 0.050
<40.012
<50.000
< 3.101
METHANE EMISSIONS
Cone. - ug/ml
Cone. - ppm
Cone. - mg/m3
Mass Rate - Ib/hr
< 0.101 < 0.101 < 0.101 < 0.101
<151.469 <151.469 <151.469 <151.469
<101.000 <101.000 <101.000 <101.000
< 6.392 < 6.414 < 5.985 < 6.264
(*) Gas flowrate data was taken from OB-M0010-R1,R2, and R3, respectively,
65
-------
Table 5.5-1
SUMMARY OF VOLATILE EMISSIONS: EPA METHOD CC30:
EPA GAS AUDIT CYLINDER #539.
RUN I.D.
DATE
C539-VST-R1A C539-VST-R1B C539-VST-R1C
11/12/92 11/12/92 11/12/92
AVERAGE
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION - ug/Nm3
Acetone < 0.110
Acrylonitrile < 0.110
Benzene < 0.110
Bromomethane 5.280
2-butanone 4.620
Carbon Disulfide < 0.110
Carbon Tetrachloride < 0.110
Chloroform < 0.110
Chloromethane 11.220
Ethylbenzene < 0.110
2-Hexanone < 0.110
lodomethane < 0.110
Methylene Chloride 10.120
M-/p-xylene 1.430
0-xylene < 0.110
Styrene < 0.110
Tetrachloroethene < 0.110
Toluene 4.510
1,1,1-trichloroethane 32.450
Trichloroethene 30.580
Trichlorofluoromethane 23.540
Vinyl Acetate < 0.110
0.089
0.089
0.089
7.199
5.866
0.089
0.089
4.000
11.021
0.089
0.089
0.089
1.689
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.622
31.464
30.042
22.043
0.089
2.857
0.110
0.110
6.153
6.043
0.110
0.110
0.110
11.098
0.110
0.110
0.110
0.989
0.110
0.110
0.110
0.110
0.440
27.250
32.744
33.073
0.110
1.019
0.103
0.103
6.211
5.510
0.103
0.103
1.407
11.113
0.103
0.103
0.103
4.266
0.543
0.103
0.103
0.103
1.857
30.388
31.122
26.219
0.103
66
-------
Table 5.5-2 SUMMARY OF VOLATILE EMISSIONS.- EPA METHOD 0030:
EPA GAS AUDIT CYLINDER #540.
RUN I.D. C540-VST-R1A C540-VST-R1B C540-VST-R1C AVERAGE
DATE 11/12/92 11/12/92 11/12/92
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION - ug/Nm3
Acetone 141.184 26.843 17.146 61.724
Acrylonitrile < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Benzene 2.221 1.013 < 0.099 < 1.111
Bromomethane < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
2-butanone 0.579 < 0.101 0.690 < 0.457
Carbon Disulfide < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Carbon Tetrachloride < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Chloroform 0.290 0.203 4.434 1.642
Chloromethane < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Ethylbenzene < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
2-Hexanone < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
lodomethane < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Methylene Chloride 82.663 13.067 15.668 37.132
M-/p-xylene 3.187 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 1.129
O-xylene < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Styrene < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Tetrachloroethene < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
Toluene 44.518 30.996 31.631 35.715
1,1,1-trichloroethane 5.504 0.608 1.478 2.530
Trichloroethene 0.483 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.228
Trichlorofluoromethane 0.869 2.938 0.690 1.499
Vinyl Acetate < 0.097 < 0.101 < 0.099 < 0.099
67
-------
cr\
oo
/ West
./ Ambient''
Monitoring
Station
Outlet A
SAWDUST DRYER
N
Grinding Room
Outlet Sampling
Locations
Crushers Ambient
Monitoring Station
(inside open building
suspended from roof)
Grinding Room
Inlet Ambient
Monitoring
Station
East
Ambient
Monitoring
Station
Figure 1.1-1: Pine Hall Brick Facility Site Plan.
-------
TEST
LOCATIONS
RAH
STORAGE
PRIMARY
CRUSHER
GRINDING
BUILDING
STORAGE
BUILDING
Figure 2.1-1: Crushing, grinding, and storage operations process schematic and emissions
testing locations at Pine Hall Brick.
-------
o
DRYER INLET
(KILN OUTLET)
TEST LOCATION
EXHAUST GASES
FROM KILNS
SAWDUST TO _
DRY STORAGE SILO
BAGHOUSE
7-
SAWDUST FROM
GREEN STORAGE SILO
EXHAUST GASES
TO ATMOSPHERE
CYCLONE OUTLET
TEST LOCATIONS
Figure 2.2-1: Sawdust dryer process schematic and emissions testing locations at Pine
Hall Brick.
-------
48.00'
POINT
1
2
3
4-
5
6
% ID
4.4
14.6
29.6
70.4
85.4
95.6
DISTANCE FROM
INSIDE OF PORT
(inches)
2.09
7.03
14.20
33.80
40.97
45.91
INSIDE
STACK
DIAMETER
48
0
in
4
0
ft
Figure 2.3.3-1: Sampling and Traverse Point Locations for
Grinding Building Ducts.
71
-------
PLAN VIEW
3" Test
Port
•••i a
-94"-
6" Test
Ports
•98"
From Kiln
From Kiln
-Catwalk
SIDE VIEW
3" Test
Port
6" Test
Ports
From Kilns
To Dryer
Scaffolding
To Access
Test Port
Drawina Not To Scale
Figure 2.3.4-1:
Schematic of the Sampling Location for the
Kiln Outlet/Sawdust Dryer Inlet at Pine Hall
Brick.
72
-------
54.0"
Point
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
12
%ID
2.1
6.7
1 1.8
17.7
25.0
35.6
64.4
75.0
82.3
88.2
93.3
97.9
Distance from
Inside of Port
(inches)
1 13
3.62
6.37
9.56
13.50
19.22
34.78
40.50
44.44
47.63
50.38
52.87
Inside Stack Diameter
Distance Upstream from
Disturbance
Distance Downstream from
Disturbance
54.0 in.
94.0 in.
98.0 in.
4.5 ft.
1 .74 Dia.
1.80 Dia.
Figure 2.3.4-2:
Schematic of Sampling and Traverse Points for
the Kiln Outlet/Sawdust Dryer Inlet at Pine
Hall Brick.
73
-------
FRONT VIEW
6" Test Ports
3" Test Port
Scaffolding
To Access
Test Ports
TOP VIEW
6" Test Ports
90° Apart
3" Test
Port
,,6" Test Ports
-3" Test Port
w
SIDE VIEW
f
120"
168"
i
11 •• I — From Cyclone
..6" Test Ports 90° Apart
X
-3" Test Port
To Fan
Scaffolding
To Access
Test Ports
Drowina Not To Scale
Figure 2.3.5-1:
Schematic of the Sampling Location for the
Cyclone Outlets at Pine Hall Brick.
74
-------
POINT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
12
% ID
2.1
6.7
1 1.8
17.7
25.0
35.6
64.4
75.0
82.3
88.2
93.3
97.9
DISTANCE FROM
INSIDE OF PORT
(inches)
1.00*
2.75
4.84
7.27
10.25
14.58
26.42
30.75
33.73
36.16
38.25
40.00*
(*) Points were adjusted to 1-inch away from stack wall.
INSIDE STACK DIAMETER
DISTANCE UPSTREAM FROM
DISTURBANCE
DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM
DISTURBANCE
41.0 in
14.0 ft
10.0 ft
3.4 ft
4.1 DIA
2.9 DIA
Figure 2.3.5-2:
Schematic of Sampling and Traverse Points for
the Cyclone Outlets at Pine Hall Brick.
75
-------
STACK'J
Inclined Dry Cos
Manomoter Meter
Figure 4.1.5.1-1: EPA Method 201A Sampling Train
76
-------
-i
ro
n>
t-t-
rr
o
0.
rvi
o
OJ
3
-
-5
PJ
PITOT TUBE
EGR PROBE ASSEMBLY
METER AND FLOW
CONTROL CONSOLE
)—f\\ RECYCLE
)—LJ FLOW LFE
C SAMPLE
ORIFICE
EXHAUST
SEALED PUMP
[ DRY GAS METER I
-------
Thermometer
Vone
PufTID
Figure 4.1.6.1-1: EPA Method 13B Sampling Train
78
-------
- r o D e and
r':'. er holder
Erusri and rinse
tnree times with
distilled water
"liter
I
Carefully remove
and place
in container
moinaers
Measure contents
of each impmger
I
Limpty contents of
each impinger
into sample
container
+
Rinse each impinger
three times with
distilled water
V
Empty contents
into sample
container
Container 1
Container 2
Figure 4.1.6.3-1: EPA Method 13B Recovery Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A
79
-------
Container 1
Rinses and Container 1 Conta ner 2
contents of Impingers Filter Silica Gel
I
Macerate filter
1
lf total Add 100 mg CaO and
volume > 900 ml, H20 to form slurry
make filrate i
basic and j
0 6 1° Evaporate H20 keeping
|
1
Heat until filter chars
1
I
Reduce contents to ash
in muffle furnace
1
1
Add 4 g of NaOH and
fuse samples in
muffle furnace
V
Combine and dilute
to 1 liter
I
1
Distill known
aliquot rapidly
1
Transfer to 250 ml flask and
dilute to mark with distilled water
1
J *
Combine aliquot (25 mi) with Weigh to
equal volume TISAB and analyze nearest 0.5 g
for F using ISE
Figure 4.1.6.5-1: EPA Method 13B Analysis Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A
80
-------
Probe and Front -half Impinger 1 and Impinger 7
Filter of Filter Holder Back-half of
T
Carefully remove
with teflon tweezers
and place in
petri
dish
\
Rinse back — hall
Filler Holder Impinge rs 2 — J Impinqer 4 Impinqers 5 — 6 Silica Gel
| |
of filter holder Measure Measure Measure
and all connecting lines contents of contents of contents of
three times with each imping er impinger each impinger
0.1 N
Record th
HNOj
e volume
of tht condensate
capured In the
Brush loose Brush with nonmetalllc brush
first Implnger
Empty contents
Inta sample
container
Empty contents Empty contents
porticulate and rinse probe and front— half 1 into sample into sample
onto filter of filter holder three Empty contents container container Rins« eoc
times with acetone lnto s°mPle
Seal polri dish
container
Rinse first impinger
three tin
' 0.1 N
1
Rinse probe, front — half
of filter holder, and
connecting lines
three times with
0.1 N HN03
i
»
Empty contents
into sample
T Imoinaer container
thr«« times with
acidified KMn03
nes with Rinse each impinger Rinse impinger Rlnaa eoch Impinger
HMO] three time! with three times with with distilled water
0.1 N HN03 0.1 N HN03
T
•
Rinse each impinger
once «ith 8 N HCL
1
Container 1 Container 2 Container 3 Container 4A Container 4B Container 5A Container 58 Container 5C Container 6
Figure 4.1.7.4-1: Multiple Metals Recovery Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 266, Appendix IX, Section 3
-------
integrated
Quartz
STACKH Nozzle
Heated Quartz Filter
Thermometer
Inclined
Wanometer
Vane
PumD
Figure 4.1.7.1-1: Multiple Metals/TSP Sampling Train
82
-------
00
UJ
Container 3
FH Nitric Rinse
Acidify to PH 2
with cone HNOj
Reduce volume to
near dryness and
digest with HF
and cone. HNO^
Container 2
FH Acetone Rinse
Container 1
Filter
Reduce to dryness
in a tared beaker
Determine residue
weight in beaker
Solubilize residue
with COnc. HNOT;
Container 4
Impingers 1 - 3
Desiccate to
constant weight
Container 5A. 5B, & 5C
Impinqers 4-6
"I
Determine filter
particulate weight
Divide into 05 g
sections and digest
each section with
cone. HF and HNO^
Aliquot taken
for CVAAS
for Hg analysis
Fraction 2B
Digest with acid
and permanganate
at 95°C for 2 hours
and analyze
for Hq by CVAAS
Acidify
remaining
sample to PH 2
with cone HNOj
Fraction 2A
I
Reduce volume
to near dryness
and digest with
HNOj and H202
Analyze
by ICAP for
15 target metals
Analyze by
GFAAS
for metals
Filter and dilute
to known volume
Fraction 1
Remove 50 to 100 r
aliquot for Hg
" analysis by CVAAS
Fraction 1 B
Analyze by ICAP for
target metals
Fraction IA
Analyze for
metals by GFAAS
Fraction 1A
Digest with acid and
*" permanganate at 95°C
a water bath for 2 hours
Analyze aliquot for
Hg using CVAAS
Individually, three
separate digestions
and analyses.
digest with acid
and permanganate
at 95°C for 2 houis
and analyze
for Hg by CVAAS
Fraction 3A. 3B, 3C
' '' ,
'"a'e'A °
'Analysis by AAS for metals found at less than 'i ug/ml in digestate solutions, if desired Or analyze (or each metal by AAS, if desired
Figure 4.1.7.7-1: Multiple Metals Analysis Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 266, Appendix IX, Section 3
-------
STACK
Inclined Dry Cos
Manometer Meter
Vone
Pump
Silica Gel B|ank Woter
Figure 4.1.8.1-1: EPA Method 201A/202 Sampling Train
84
-------
00
Filter
Corefully remov
and place in
petn dish
Brush loose
particulote
onto filter
Seal petn dish
Cyclone and Front-half of
"Turnaround Cup" Filter Holder
Cyclone
Housing
Rmse
with
acetone
Rinse
with
acetone
Rinse
wtlh
acetone
Container 1
Container 2
Container 3
(Discard)
Back-half of
Filter Holder and
Impinqers 1 - 4
Rinse filter
housing twice
nth distilled water
Measure contents
of each imprnger
Empty contents
into sample
container
Rinse twice
with distilled
water
Container 4 and 5
Back-half
Acetone Rinse
Impingers
Impirifjer
Silica G
Brush and rinse
back-half of filter holder
three times with
distilled water
Rinse
with
MeCl0
L'rnply c unten ta
into sample
container
Container 6
(Discard)
Container 7
Con toil
Figure 4.1.8.4-1: Method 201A/202 Recovery Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix M
-------
00
en
Container I
Filter
Container 2
-------
STACK>
Silica Gel
Blank
Figure 4.1.9.1-1: Andersen Impactor Sampling Train for Particle
Sizing
87
-------
oo
CD
Set of
9 Filters
Impactor nozzle
Impingers 1 — 3
Impinger 4
Silica Gel
Carefully remove
each filter
from impactor
Brush and rinse
three times
with acetone
Measure contents
of impingers
Empty contents
into sample
container
Place filter
back into its
original tared foil
Container 1
Container 2
Discard
Container 3
Figure 4.1.9.3-1: Andersen Impactor Recovery Procedure
Source: Manufacturer's Recommended Procedure Manual
-------
o n t c i n e r
Set of
9 Filters
Desiccate to
constant weight
Determine particulate
weight
V
Reduce to
dryness
Determine residue
weight
Weigh to
nearest 0.5 g
Figure 4.1.9.4-1: Andersen Impactor Analysis Procedure
Source: Manufacturer's Recommended Procedure
Manual
89
-------
3-Woy
STACK
Stopcock
Empty 0.1 N 0.1 N
NoOH
Inclined
Manometer
Vane
Pumo
Figure 4.1.10.1-1: EPA Method 26 Sampling Train
90
-------
Measure impmger
contents
V
Empty contents
into sample
container
Rinse three times with
distilled water
lmpinaer
Measure impinger
contents
Rinse three times with
distilled water
Container
Container 2
(Discard)
Empty contents
into sample
container
Container 5
Figure 4.1.10.3-1: EPA Method 26 Recovery Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A
91
-------
container
m DI nae rs '
.ontainer 2
m D i n q e r 4
.ontainer ,
Siiica Gel
Transfer to 100 ml
flask and di ute to
mark with distilled water
Analyze aliquot
using 1C for Cl
Discard
Weigh to
nearest 0.5 g
Figure 4.1.10.5-1: EPA Method 26 Analysis Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A
-------
Heated Stainless S(««l Probe
Data Acquisition
System
H«ot«d
Filter
Teflon
Sample Line
Dual-l
n
3ass
•atrve
iser
HIIHIIli
Unheoted Teflon
/ Sample Une
To Individual ^
I I
Calibration Manifold
Calibration Cases
Figure 4.1.11.1-1:
Continuous Emissions Monitoring Dry
Extractive System for EPA Methods 3A, 7E,
and 10 (02, CO NOx, CO) .
93
-------
STACK
3-Way
Valve
Heated Stainless Steel Probe
Flowmeter
Heated
Filter
VOC (ppmwv)
Signal
To Datalogger
VOC
Analyzer
Heated
Teflon
Sample Line
Figure 4.1.11.1-2:
Continuous Emissions Monitoring System for EPA
Method 25A
94
-------
Teflon Sample Line
Stainless Steel Probe
Fine Adjust
Valve
Vacuum Pump
Quick Connect
Check Valve
Flexible Bag
Riaid. Protective Container
Figure 4.1.12.1-1: EPA Method 18 Sampling Train
95
-------
'edlar baa
Make sure
bag is
not leaking
Protect from
sunlight
Label
Figure 4.1.12.3-1: EPA Method 18 Recovery Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A
96
-------
ontainer ;
edlar 6 a q
Analyze for methane and
ethane using gas chromatography
Figure 4.1.12.4-1: EPA Method 18 Analysis Procedure
Source: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A
97
-------
Teflon Lines
Pressure
Gouge
Vane
Purno
Figure 4.1.13.1-1: Volatile Organic Sampling Train (Method 0030)
98
-------
enox lube
emove tube
from tram
Cap off ends
of tube
Insert into
protective sheath
Tengx
T'.pe
Remove tuDe
f rom tram
Cap off ends
of tube
Insert into
protective sheath
Label and refrigerate Label and refrigerate
Figure 4.1.13.3-1: Method 0030 Recovery Procedure
Source: EPA 600/8-84-007
99
-------
. oncainer 1
-------
STACK
Cuartz
Nozzle
Heatea Filter
Heated Quartz Probe
Condense
-------
o
to
Filter
Carefully remove
and place in
petri dish
Brush loose
particulote
onto filter
Seal petri dish
Container 1
Probe &.
Front-half Back-half
Condenser
Impinger 1
Impinger 2-4
Impmger 5
Silica Gel
Rinse three times
with acetone and
brush between rinsings
Record impmger volume
Rinse three times
nth methylene chloride
with toluene
I
Container 2A Container
Measure impinger volumes Empty contents
to determine moisture into sample
content container
Rinse three times
with toluene
Container 4A Container 4B
Sor bent
Cartndqe
Cap oft ends
of cartridge
Cover with hexane
rinsed aluminum foil
Discard contents Container 5A and 5B
Label and refrigerate
Container 6
Figure 4.1.14.3-1: Method 0010 Recovery Procedure
Source: EPA 600/8-84-007
-------
o
u>
Container 1
Filter
Container 6
Sorbent Cartridge
Containers 2A, 3,
4A, and 4B
Train Rinses
and Condensate
Containers 5A and 5f
Silica Gel
Spike
Spike
Separatory funnel
extraction
Transfer to
glass thimble
Soxhlet extraction
1 6 hours with MeCI
Extractions are combined
and analyzed by GC/MS
Weigh to
nearest 0.5
Figure 4.1.14.5-1: Method 0010 Analysis Procedure
Source: EPA 600/8-84-007
-------
MEASUREMENT OF AIR FLOW INTO PRIMARY CRUSHER AT PINE HALL BRICK
Emissions inventory testing at the # 4 brick production
facility of Pine Hall Brick Co was conducted during the weeks of
October 23 through November 7, 1992. Part of this testing included
sampling for total and PM10 particulate from the primary crushing
operation. The primary crusher is housed in a building completely
open on the charging side and largely open on the output side.
Particulate sampling was done with standard ambient total and PM10
collectors located inside and at the top of the charging area. An
approximation of air flow was determined by using plastic sheeting
to block the open area around the output conveyor and installing a
total air flow meter in the center of the plastic. The flow meter
used has reversing capacity to measure positive and negative flow
giving a net total flow in feet. For these tests positive flow was
air entering the crusher building around the output conveyor. The
Total volumetric flow rate was determined by recording the total
measurement time and multiplying the flow by the area of the meter
face (0.0873 sq= ft.).
Air flow was not measured on the first day (Nov. 2) of
particulate testing because the flow meter was not available.
DATE
TIME
11-3-92 Start 09:30
Stop 10:00
Start 10:02
Stop 11:02
Start 11:05
Stop 14:05
Start 14:07
Stop 14:57
Start 15:00
Stop 17:35
Total Time:475 minutes
TOTAL FLOW
0
2,902
0
- 1,515
0
-28,834
0
202
0
11,370
Net flow:-16,279 ft
Net CFM: - 2.99
11-4-92 Start 07:00
Stop 09:00
Start 09:02
Stop 12:02
Start 12:03
Stop 15:03
Start 15:04
Stop 17:34
Total Time:630 minutes
0
21,
0
28,
0
19,
0
2,
Net
Net
578
475:
865
121
flow: 72,039 ft
CFM: 9.983
11_5_92 Start 07:10
Stop 15:10
Total Time:480 minutes
0
71,678
Net flow: 71,678 ft
Net CFM: 13.036
-------
11-6-92 (Crusher not run on Fridays, charging hopper completely
empty, total flow measured to check empty hopper effect,
if any)
Start 07:15 0
Stop 15:00 43,379
Net flow: 43,379 ft
Net CFM: 8.144
As expected, air flow into and through the crusher building
seems^to be determined primarily by air movement and winds in the
immediate vicinity of the building. November 3 was the only day
with noticeable wind in the area and they were light. This
probably explains the negative flows observed on Tuesday.
------- |