United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
EMB Report 82-STY-2
Volume I
May 1902
Air
Determination Of Styrene Emissions
From The Cultured Marble And Sink
Manufacturing Industry
General Marble
Lincolnton, NC
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DCN No.: 92-275-026-54-11
Radian No.: 275-026-54
EPA No.: 68-D9-0054
DETERMINATION OF STYRENE
EMISSIONS FROM THE CULTURED
MARBLE AND SINK
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
FINAL REPORT
General Marble
Lincolnton, NC
Work Assignment 2.54
EPA Contract 68D90054
Prepared for:
Robert McCrackan
Emission Measurement Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared by:
Radian Corporation
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 22209
August, 1992
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1-1
1.1 Introduction 1-1
1.2 Test Objectives 1-2
1.3 Test Matrix 1-2
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY AND SAMPLING LOCATIONS 2-1
2.1 Description of Facility 2-2
2.2 Sampling Locations 2-2
2.2.1 Spray Booth 2-4
2.2.2 Gel Coat Oven 2-4
2.2.3 Curing Oven 2-5
2.2.4 Tank Vat Pipe 2-5
2.2.5 Baghouse Inlet and Outlet 2-6
3.0 RESULTS 3-1
3.1 Paniculate Results 3-1
3.1.1 Baghouse Inlet Results 3-1
3.1.2 Baghouse Outlet Results 3-3
3.1.3 Baghouse Collection Efficiencies 3-5
3.2 Styrene Results 3-5
3.2.1 Spray Booth Results 3-9
3.2.2 Gel Coat Oven Results 3-9
3.2.3 Curing Oven Results 3-9
3.2.4 Tank Room Results 3-10
3.2.5 Styrene Emission Summary 3-11
4.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 4-1
4.1 Paniculate Matter/Condensable Particulate Matter (PM/CPM)
Emissions Testing 4-1
4.1.1 Particulate Matter/Condensable Particulate Matter
Sampling Equipment 4-2
4.1.2 Particulate Matter/Condensable Particulate Matter
Sampling Equipment Preparation 4-4
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Continued
Section Page
4.1.3 Particulate Matter/Condensable Paniculate Matter
Sampling Operations 4-5
4.1.4 Particulate Matter/Condensable Particulate Matter
Sample Recovery 4-6
4.1.5 Particulate Matter/Condensable Particulate Matter
Analysis 4-7
4.2 Styrene 4-9
4.2.1 Styrene Sampling Equipment 4-9
4.2.2 Styrene Sampling Operations 4-10
4.2.3 Styrene Analysis 4-10
4.3 EPA Method 1-4 4-12
4.3.1 Traverse Point Location by EPA Method 1 4-12
4.3.2 Volumetric Flow Rate Determination by EPA Method 2 .... 4-12
4.3.3 O2 and CO2 Cor -entrations by EPA Method 3 4-13
4.3.4 Average Moisture Determination by EPA Method 4 4-13
5.0 PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL 5-1
5.1 Styrene 5-1
5.2 Particulate 5-6
5.3 Daily Test Preparations/Activities 5-6
APPENDIX A PM10 Field Data Sheets
APPENDIX B Laboratory Gravimetric Data
APPENDIX C Calculations of Sampling Parameters (Radian)
APPENDIX D Calculations of Sampling Parameters (EPA)
APPENDIX E Styrene Field Data Sheets
APPENDIX F Daily Production Log Sheets
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
2-1 General Marble Plant Production Area 2-3
4-1 PM/CPM Sampling Train 4-3
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
1-1 General Marble Test Matrix 1-4
3-1 Summary of Baghouse Inlet Particulate Results General Marble
(March 1992) 3-2
3-2 Summary of Baghouse Outlet Particulate Results General Marble
(March 1992) 3-4
3-3 Summary of Baghouse Removal Efficiencies General Marble
(March 1992) 3-6
3-4 Styrene Concentration and Emission Rate Summary General Marble
(March 1992) 3-7
5-1 Summary of Acceptance Criteria, Control Limits, and Corrective
Action 5-2
5-2 Results of Laboratory Bias Studies 5-5
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1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.1 Introduction
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other government
agencies are aware of the presence of substances in the ambient air that may be toxic at
certain concentrations. Very little data is available on the concentrations of these
substances in the ambient air or on the sources and emission rates. One of the
compounds of particular interest is styrene.
Styrene emissions to the atmosphere occur during the production of
styrene, styrene based polymers and resins, and the manufacturing of various products
which use styrene based polymers and resins in the production process. The cultured
marble manufacturing industry is one industry that uses styrene based resins in the
production of bathroom sinks and tubs. Data that documents the emissions from such
sources is limited.
In effort to develop emission rate data specific to the cultured marble and
sink manufacturing industry the Emissions Measurement Branch of the Environmental
Protection Agency contracted Radian Corporation to perform source sampling at two
such facilities. This document presents the results of the sampling conducted at the
second of these two facilities, General Marble, Lincolnton, NC. Sampling was conducted
March 2 through March 9, 1992.
Section 2.0 contains a detailed description of the facility and sampling
locations. The results of the testing and a discussion of these results are presented in
Section 3.0 of this report. Detailed descriptions of the sampling methodology are
contained in Section 4.0. The quality assurance and quality control measures taken
during this program as well as the results of these measures are discussed in Section 5.0.
Raw data and analytical results are included in the appendices.
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1.2 Test Objectives
The primary purpose of the testing that took place at General Marble was
to determine the emission rate of styrene during normal production schedules.
Additionally, particulate emission rates were also assessed.
The specific test objectives were:
• Determine the emission rate of styrene being emitted from the
exhaust vents during normal production;
• Determine the emission rates of particulate matter in terms of
particle size (> or ^ 10 microns) and condensables during normal
production;
• Determine the level of particulate concentration at the inlet and
outlet of the baghouse and calculate a removal efficiency;
• Relate emission rates of styrene and particulate matter to the
amount of raw material used and to the number of units produced.
Seven locations were sampled for styrene and two locations were sampled
for particulate and condensable matter.
To provide a measure of precision, all samples were collected in triplicate
at each location.
Styrene sampling was coordinated with the plant production schedule to
ensure that the samples would be representative of process emissions.
Additionally, field and laboratory studies were performed to establish the
bias of the sampling and analysis methodology for styrene. A discussion of these studies
is provided in Section 5, Project Quality Control.
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The test program included an internal quality control program. The goal
of the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) activities were to ensure that the
results are of known precision and accuracy, and that they were complete, representative
and comparable.
1.3 Test Matrix
The sampling and analytical matrix that was performed is presented in
Table 1-1. Manual methods were used to collect the samples with on-site gas
chromatographic (GC) analysis of the styrene. The particulate samples were returned to
the laboratory for analysis. Each of the proposed tests are briefly described below.
Total particulate matter (PM) was determined with a single train. A PM-
10 train was used to collect PM with particle sizes above and below the 10 micron level.
The PM-10 train also consisted of a series of impingers filled with water to collect any
condensable PM. The PM in each component of the trains was determined
gravimetrically in the laboratory.
Plant exhaust samples for styrene were collected using EPA Method 18.
Samples were collected into Tedlar® bags and analyzed on-site by GC.
Additional descriptions of the sampling and analytical procedures are
provided in Section 4.0.
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Table 1-1
General Marble Test Matrix
Sample Location
Spray Booth Exhaust
Spray Booth Exhaust
Gel Coat Oven, Vent 1
Gel Coat Oven, Vent 1
Gel Coat Oven, Vent 2
Gel Coat Oven, Vent 2
Curing Oven, Vent 1
Curing Oven, Vent 1
Curing Oven, Vent 2
Curing Oven, Vent 2
Tank Room Exhaust
Tank Room Exhaust
Tank Vent Pipe
Bag House Inlet
Bag House Inlet
Bag House Outlet
Bag House Outlet
Number of
Runs
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5"
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
Sample
Type
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
Styrene
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
Styrene
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
Styrene
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
Styrene
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
Styrene
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
Styrene
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
PM-10
Gas Velocity/Volume/Moisture
PM-10
EPA Method
Method 1-4
Method 18
Methods 1-4
Method 18
Methods 1-4
Method 18
Method 1-4
Method 18
Method 1-4
Method 18
Method 1-4
Method 18
Grab
Method 1-4
Method 201A
Method 1-4
Method 201A
Sample
Duration
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
6 hours
6 hours
6 hours
6 hours
Analysis
Method
Volumetric/Gravimetric
GC
Volumetric/Gravimetric
GC
Volumetric/Gravimetric
GC
Volumetric/Gravimetric
GC
Volumetric/Gravimetric
GC
Volumetric/Gravimetric
GC
GC
Volumetric/Gravimetric
Gravimetric
Volumetric/Gravimetric
Gravimetric
Laboratory
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Radian
Duplicate sampling during two of the three standard runs.
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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY AND SAMPLING LOCATIONS
2.1 Description of Facility
General Marble, located in Lincolnton, N.C., manufactures products
consisting almost entirely of bathroom sinks. This facility can be characterized as a large
production operation in contrast to smaller custom manufacturing operations. The
normal plant operating schedule is from 6:00 AM to 12:00 midnight, Monday through
Friday.
Including two 10 minute work breaks and 30 minutes for lunch, the
operating schedules for specific tasks are as follows:
Spray Booth 6:30 AM to 11:15 PM
Casting 7:00 AM to 11:30 PM
Gel Coat Oven 6:30 AM to 11:15 PM
Post Curing Oven 7:30 AM to 11:30 PM
Grinding/Sanding 7:00 AM to 3:30 PM
The resin is purchased in bulk liquid form and transported to the facility
by tanker truck. The resin is stored on site in four 4000 gallon tanks which are housed
in a separate room attached to the main manufacturing area. The gel coat, a more
highly refined version of the resin, is purchased in bulk liquid form in 55 gallon drums.
The daily mixing of the resin with crushed marble filler is performed in three large open
top mixing vats. Each vat will contain 1200 Ibs. of mix of which 23% by weight is resin.
Smaller 120 Ib. "working" batches are removed from the vats as needed. Catalyst is then
added to the "working" batch before pouring onto the molds. The casting process uses
closed molds which have been "gel coated". (Approximately 16,000 Ibs. of mix is used
per day to produce 500 - 600 units.)
The emission points for styrene within the building are the mixing vats, the
gel coat spray area and the point in the process where the resin is applied to the molds.
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The entire manufacturing operation is housed in a large single room except
for the resin storage tanks which are in a separate room attached to the larger room.
Individual units are produced in a clock wise flow through the facility. Molds are
cleaned and waxed as the first step in the process. The molds then proceed to the spray
booth where a thin layer of resin, "gel coat", is applied. The molds move down a
conveyer passing through a gel coat drying oven. A premixed composition of resin, filler
and catalyst are applied to the molds manually using hand held trowels. The back of the
mold is clamped into place and the assembly is mechanically vibrated to remove bubbles
and allow the resin to settle. The molds continue to travel along the conveyer passing
through a curing oven and on to the sanding and grinding area. The finished products
then go to the warehouse area for packaging and shipment.
Exhaust fans are used to vent the work place air to the outside of the
building. The gel coat drying oven and the curing oven, have two ducts each that extend
through the roof. The spray booth has a single duct that also extends through the roof.
The tank room has a floor level intake vent that exhausts through a louvered fan
mounted on an outside wall. Each of the four storage tanks has a two inch static vent
pipe that extends through an outside wall. Particulate from the grinding and sanding
operation and from the mixing vats is controlled by a high efficiency filtration system.
The filtered air is returned to the work place and not vented to the outside of the
building. Five louvered exhaust fans are mounted near the ceiling on the back outside
wall. These fans are for general building exhaust (not associated with a specific
operation) and are operated only in the warmer months of the year. No emission
controls are in place except for the filtration system. Figure 2-1 is a diagram of the plant
product area.
2.2 Sampling Locations
The sampling locations are described in the following sections. Sketches of
the locations are contained in the appendices.
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Exhaust Fans
Door
I.D. Fan
Grinding
Sanding
Area
Package
Shipping
Area
Exhaust
Fan
Tank
Room
Garage Doors
Figure 2-1. General Marble Plant Production Area
2-3
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2.2.1 Spray Booth
Vapors and aerosols generated during the gel coating of prepared molds
were collected, filtered and exhausted through the plant roof via a circular duct, four feet
in diameter. The spray booth exhaust samples were collected from this circular duct
from a roof top sampling location. Samples for styrene were collected from the center of
the duct through one of two ports. The nearest upstream flow disturbance was the
transitional ductwork at the top of the spray booth, approximately 11 feet (2.75 duct
diameters) below the sampling location. The axial fan of the system was two feet
downstream of the sampling location (0.5 duct diameters) and was the nearest
downstream flow disturbance. Measurements were taken at eight points in each of the
two ports for velocity data.
2.2.2 Gel Coat Oven
The gel coat oven exhausted through the roof via two identical stacks, one
associated with each end of the approximately 60 foot long oven. Exhaust from these
stacks contained emissions from the burning of natural gas which was used to heat the
ovens as well as emissions from the molds being dried. Air curtains at the inlet and
outlet of the oven were used to aid in containing fugitive emissions.
Samples were collected at rooftop sampling locations from circular ducts
2 feet in diameter. Styrene samples were collected from the mid-point of these ducts.
Though the sampling location met Method 2 requirements for minimum sampling point
selection, being greater than 8 duct diameters downstream from the axial exhaust fans
and 2 duct diameters upstream of ambient exhaust, 16 points were traversed (8 in each
of 2 ports) due to the large degree of cyclonic flow imparted on the exhaust gas by the
fans.
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2.2.3 Curing Oven
The curing oven at this facility was identical to the gel coat oven in size,
operation, and sampling locations. Procedures used to collect styrene samples and
measure volumetric flow used at these sampling locations were identical to those used at
the gel coat oven sampling locations.
2.2.4 Tank Vat Pipe
The tanks utilized to store the resin and gel coat were contained in a room
isolated from the rest of the facility. This room was not heated or cooled and very little
air flow through this room normally occurred. In order to ventilate the vapors present in
this room, an exhaust fan equipped with a floor level pickup was used. The louvered fan
was located approximately 9.5 feet high on an outside wall of the room. Samples were
collected from a straight run of 12 inch by 24 inch duct connecting the fan to the pick
up, 5 inches above the room floor. Six sampling ports in the 24 inch duct face, 49 inches
downstream of the floor level pick up, allowed access to the air being exhausted. Four
points in each of the 6 ports were sampled for volumetric flow measurement yielding
24 measurements. Styrene samples were collected at a centrally located sampling point.
Head space samples were collected from the tanks through a plexiglass
port hole. Samples were collected by inserting 6 inch long needle of a 100 ml syringe
through this port hole and collecting a sample without opening the tank to ambient air.
During sample collection resin was not being pumped into or out of the tank.
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2.2.5 Baghouse Inlet and Outlet
The samples collected at the baghouse inlet and baghouse outlet were
collected from round ducts, 30 inches in diameter. Two ports at right angles provided
access for sample collection at both locations.
The baghouse inlet samples were collected inside the building in a 20 foot
straight run of duct. The sampling points were located 16 feet downstream of the
junction of the ductwork from the mixing and grinding operations and 4 feet upstream of
a 90 degree bend leading to the baghouse inlet. Six points in each of the 2 ports were
sampled per test run, each test run consisted of 12 points.
The baghouse outlet samples were collected at a rooftop sampling location
in a 20 foot straight run of duct. These sampling ports were 16 feet downstream of a
90 degree bend leading from the ID fan and 4 feet upstream of a duct expansion leading
to a damper that directed the exhaust back into the building or to the ambient air. Six
points in each of the 2 ports were sampled per test and each test consisted of 12 sample
points.
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3.0 RESULTS
The results of the sampling are presented in the following sections. The
results of the particulate sampling and a discussion of the results are contained in
Section 3.1. Section 3.2 contains a similar summary and discussion of the styrene
sampling efforts.
3.1 Particulate Results
The results of the sampling performed at the baghouse inlet and outlet are
presented separately in Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 respectively. The collection efficiencies
of the baghouse are presented in Section 3.1.3.
3.1.1 Baghouse Inlet Results
A summary of the results of the baghouse inlet sampling is contained in
Table 3-1. Concentrations of the total, non-condensable particulate matter collected at
the baghouse inlet ranged from 0.0200 grains per dry standard cubic foot (gr/dscf),
collected during run 1, to 0.0408 gr/dscf collected during run 2. Test run three
contained a measured concentration of 0.0377 gr/dscf. The average concentration of
total particulate matter was found to be 0.0328 gr/dscf. The fraction of total particulate
matter consisting of particles greater than 10 microns averaged 86% of the total mass
collected (85.5%, 87.0%, and 85.1% for run 1, 2, and 3 respectively).
These measured concentrations result in emission rates of 3.36, 7.16 and
6.77 pounds per hour (Ib/hr) of total particulate matter for runs 1, 2, 3 respectively.
Emission rates averaged 5.76 Ib/hr based on an average volumetric flow rate of 20,336
dry standard cubic feet per minute (dscfm). The emission rate of total particulate matter
equal to or less than 10 microns in size average 0.80 Ib/hr and was approximately 14%
of the total particulate matter emissions.
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Table 3-1. Summary of Baghouse Inlet Particulate Results
General Marble (March 1992)
Total PM-10 Concentration (gr/dscf)
< 10 Microns (gr/dscf)
> 10 Microns (gr/dscf)
Total Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous (gr/dscf)
Organic (gr/dscf)
Total PM-10 Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
< 10 Microns (Ib/hr)
> 10 Microns (Ib/hr)
Total Condensable Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
Aqueous (Ib/hr)
Organic (Ib/hr)
Baghouse Inlet
Run 1
0.02000
0.00290
0.01710
0.00039
0.00029
0.00005
3.3600
0.4860
2.8800
0.0570
0.0494
0.0076
Run 2
0.04080
0.00527
0.03550
0.00018
0.00015
0.00003
7.1600
0.9240
6.2300
0.0319
0.0263
0.0056
Run 3
0.03770
0.00556
0.03210
0.00024
0.00020
0.00004
6.7700
0.9980
5.7700
0.0434
0.0359
0.0076
Average
0.03283
0.00458
0.02823
0.00027
0.00021
0.00004
5.7633
0.8027
4.9600
0.0441
0.0372
0.0069
3-2
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Condensable matter concentration averaged 0.0003 gr/dscf with a range of
0.0002 gr/dscf to 0.0004 gr/dscf (runs 2 and 1 respectively). An average of
approximately 81% of the condensable matter was contained in the aqueous fraction
(75%-83%). The average emission rate of condensable particulate matter was calculated
to be 0.044 Ib/hr with a range of 0.032 to 0.057 Ib/hr. Emission rates of the water
soluble fraction of condensable matter averaged 0.037 Ib/hr, and solvent extractable
condensables averaged 0.007 Ib/hr.
3.1.2 Baghouse Outlet Results
Table 3-2 contains a summary of the particulate results for the baghouse
outlet.
The concentrations of total, noncondensable particulate matter were found
to be 0.0003, 0.0004, and 0.0002 gr/dscf for runs 1, 2, 3 respectively. The average
concentration for all three test runs was 0.0003 gr/dscf, of which an average of 52% of
the total mass consisted of matter larger than 10 microns (46.2%, 56.4% and 52.2% for
run, 1, 2, and 3 respectively).
The emission rates of total, noncondensable particulate matter for runs 1
through 3 were calculated to be 0.055, 0.068 and 0.040 Ib/hr. The average emission rate
was 0.055 Ib/hr based on an average flow rate of 21,429 dscfm (21,799, 22,064, and
20,426 dscfm for runs 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The emission rate of particulate matter
less than or equal to 10 microns averaged 0.026 Ib/hr (0.019 to 0.030 Ib/hr range) and
made up 48% of the total mass emissions.
The concentrations of total condensable matter ranged from 0.00018 to
0.00024 gr/dscf (runs 3 and 2, respectively), and averaged 0.00020 gr/dscf. the aqueous
fraction contained an average concentration of 0.00017 gr/dscf, 86% of the total.
Emission rates of condensable matter ranged from 0.031 Ib/hr to 0.045 Ib/hr
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Table 3-2. Summary of Baghouse Outlet Participate Results
General Marble (March 1992)
Total PM-10 Concentration (gr/dscf)
< 10 Microns (gr/dscf)
> 10 Microns (gr/dscf)
Total Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous (gr/dscf)
Organic (gr/dscf)
Total PM-10 Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
<, 10 Microns (Ib/hr)
> 10 Microns (Ib/hr)
Total Condensable Emission Rate (Ib/hr)
Aqueous (Ib/hr)
Organic (Ib/hr)
Baghouse Outlet
Run 1
0.00030
0.00016
0.00014
0.00019
0.00016
0.00003
0.0553
0.0295
0.0258
0.0350
0.0295
0.0055
Run 2
0.00036
0.00016
0.00020
0.00024
0.00020
0.00004
0.0681
0.0297
0.0384
0.0454
0.0384
0.0070
Run 3
0.00023
0.00011
0.00012
0.00018
0.00016
0.00002
0.0403
0.0193
0.0209
0.0306
0.0274
0.0032
Average
0.00030
0.00014
0.00015
0.00020
0.00017
0.00003
0.0546
0.0262
0.0284
0.0370
0.0318
0.0052
3-4
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(runs 3 and 2 respectively) and averaged 0.037 Ib/hr. Mass emissions of water soluble
condensable matter averaged 0.032 Ib/hr and made up 86% of the total condensable
emissions.
3.1.3 Baghouse Collection Efficiencies
The baghouse collection efficiencies for all sample fractions are
summarized in Table 3-3. the efficiencies presented in this table are based on
concentration.
The average collection efficiency of total, non-condensable particulate
matter was 99.0% with a range of 98.5-99.4%. The collection efficiency of particulate
matter larger than 10 microns averaged 99.4% with a range of 99.2-99.6%. The
collection efficiency was 96.5% for particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns in
size with a range of 94.5-98.0%.
The collection efficiency of the baghouse averaged 14.4% for total
condensable particulate matter. This value is based on a very small collected mass of
sample. Any errors in sample handling and weighing are further magnified during
calculations.
3.2 Stvrene Results
The results of the styrene sampling are contained in the following sections.
These results are summarized in Table 3-4. Section 3.2.1 presents the results of the
sampling that was performed at the spray booth exhaust. Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 contain
the results obtained at the gel coat oven and the curing oven, respectively. The results
of sampling at the tank room are discussed in Section 3.2.4. Section 3.2.5 discusses the
total styrene emissions and contains a styrene emission summary.
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Table 3-3. Summary of Baghouse Removal Efficiencies
General Marble (March 1992)
Total PM-10 Concentration
< 10 Microns
> 10 Microns
Total Condensable Concentration
Aqueous
Organic
Baghouse Outlet
Run 1
98.5
94.5
99.2
51.3
44.8
40.0
Run 2
99.1
97.0
99.4
-33.0
-33.0
-33.0
Run 3
99.4
98.0
99.6
25.0
20.0
50.0
Average
99.0
96.5
99.4
14.4
10.6
19.0
3-6
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Table 3-4. Styrene Concentration and Emission Rate Summary
General Marble (March 1992)
Location
Tank Room Vent
Curing Oven Inlet
Curing Oven Outlet
Tank Head Space
Date
3/04/92
3/05/92
3/05/92
3/06/92
3/10/92
Sampling
Time
1330-1430
1515-1615
1650-1750
Average
1620-1720
1725-1825
1830-1930
Average
1005-1105
Duplicate
1230-1330
Duplicate
1515-1615
Average
1730
0930
Average
Styrene
Concentration
(ppm)
22.7
22.8
21.6
21.3
7.5
6.7
13.6
13.6
10.2
b
14.4
14.9
5.4
4.9
5.3
5.1
a 8.8
a 8.8
a 8.4
a 7.9
11.8
11.7
6612
6220
3186
3231
Run Average
Styrene
Concentration
(ppm)
22.8
21.5
7.1
17.1
13.6
10.2
14.7
12.8
5.2
5.2
8.8
8.2
11.8
7.8
6416
3209
4812
Average
Stack
Flow Rate
(dscfin)
1579
1579
1579
1579
2484
2484
2484
2484
3423
3423
3423
3423
3423
3423
N/A
N/A
Emission
Rate
(Ib/hr)
0.573
0.540
0.178
0.430
0.537
0.403
0.581
0.507
0.283
0.283
0.479
0.446
0.642
0.427
c
c
a Calculated Styrene concentration using peak heights.
b Low sample volume.
c Sample was a grab sample, no emission rate calculated. See Section 3.2.5.
= Not applicable
3-7
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Table 3-4. Continued
Location
Gel Coat Oven Inlet
Gel Coat Oven Outlet
Spray Booth
Date
3/09/92
3/09/92
3/09/92
Sampling
Time
0950-1050
1054-1154
1156-1256
Average
1630-1730
1732-1832
1840-1940
Average
1305-1405
1414-1515
1517-1617
Average
Styrene
Concentration
(ppm)
44.2
43.5
41.1
40.2
27.2
25.9
88.9
87.4
79.1
87.3
63.4
62.7
26.7
b
27.6
24.6
23.4
22.8
Run Average
Sfyrene
Concentration
(ppm)
43.9
40.7
26.6
37.1
88.2
83.2
63.1
78.2
26.7
26.1
23.1
25.3
Average
Stack
Flow Rate
(dscfm)
2393
2393
2393
2393
3752
3752
3752
3752
12251
12251
12251
12251
Emission
Rate
(Ib/hr)
1.67
1.55
1.01
1.41
5.26
4.97
3.77
4.67
5.20
5.09
4.50
4.93
a Calculated Styrene concentration using peak heights.
b Low sample volume.
c Sample was a grab sample, no emission rate calculated. See Section 3.2.5.
N/A = Not applicable
3-8
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3.2.1 Spray Booth Results
Analyses of three samples collected at the spray booth gave an average
concentration of 25.3 ppm styrene. The range of measured concentrations was
23.1-26.7 ppm. The emission rate of styrene was calculated to be 4.93 Ib/hr based this
average concentration and a volumetric flow rate of 12,251 dscfm.
Gel Coat Oven Results
The average emissions of styrene were calculated to be 1.41 Ib/hr at the
gel coat oven inlet stack based on an average concentration of 37.1 ppm styrene and a
volumetric flow of 2393 dscfm. The range of concentrations that was measured at the
inlet stack was 26.6-43.9 ppm styrene.
Concentrations of styrene measured at the gel coat oven outlet stack
averaged 78.2 ppm styrene with the concentrations ranging from 63.1-83.2 ppm. Based
on a volumetric flow rate of 3752 dscfm the average emission rate at the oven outlet
stack was calculated to be 4.67 Ib/hr.
The total emission rate of styrene at the gel coat oven was 6.08 Ib/hr.
3.2.3 Curing Oven Results
The average concentration of styrene at the curing oven inlet stack was
12.8 ppm with a range of 10.2-14.7 ppm. The volumetric gas flow was determined to be
2484.0 dscfm and the emission rate to be 0.51 Ib/hr.
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The average concentration of styrene at the curing oven outlet stack was
7.8 ppm. The range of concentrations measured at this stack was 5.2-11.8 ppm styrene.
Based on a volumetric flow of 3423 dscfm the average emission rate of styrene was
0.43 Ib/hr.
The total emission rate of styrene at the curing oven was 0.94 Ib/hr.
3.2.4 Tank Room Results
The three samples collected at the tank room exhaust duct measured 21.5,
22.8, and 7.1 ppm styrene, averaging 17.1 ppm. The low result was from a sample that
had been collected after an outside door to the tank room had been left open by plant
personnel. Based on the average of the three runs and a volumetric flow of 1,579 dscfm
the emission rate of styrene was calculated to be 0.43 Ib/hr. Based on the average of the
first two samples collected (22.2 ppm) the emission rate would be 0.56 Ib/hr.
Samples taken to quantify emissions of styrene from the tank vents were
collected from tank headspace on two different days. The first of the samples was taken
in the evening of 3/6/92, the second in the morning of 3/10/92.
Analyses of the first headspace sample taken from one of the 4 tanks in
the tank room yielded an average concentration of 6,416 ppm styrene. This
concentration was roughly equivalent to the concentration of styrene at saturation and
would result in emissions of 0.93 pounds of styrene each time an empty tank is filled, or,
0.00023 pounds of styrene vented per gallon resin added to a tank.
Analyses of the second headspace sample from the same tank gave results
of 3,414 ppm styrene. This concentration of styrene would result in emissions of 0.00012
pounds of styrene vented per gallon of resin added to the tank.
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3.2.5 Styrene Emission Summary
Using the daily production log sheets (Appendix F) obtained from the
plant the total pounds of mix prepared (which is 23% by weight resin) and the
corresponding number units produced can be summed. On March 5th during the period
which sampling was performed, 6031 Ibs. of mix was prepared (consuming 1387 Ibs. of
resin) which produced 153 units. On March 9th, 17,122 Ibs. of mix was prepared
(consuming 3,938 Ibs. of resins) which produced 450 units. The gel coat resin, which is
contained in 55 gallon drums, is sprayed onto the molds and is not measured before use.
Therefore, the use of gel coat resin, which is approximately 5% by weight of the resin
used per unit (estimated from the February inventory data) is calculated to be 76 Ibs. for
March 5th and 216 Ibs. for March 9th. The pounds of resin consumed per unit produced
is then calculated to be 10 and 9 for March 5th and March 9th respectively.
Monthly inventory data relative to the consumption of resin, gel coat and
filler was available from General Marble. The inventory data for the month of
February, 1992 shows that 114,805 Ibs. of resin, 6289 Ibs. of gel coat and 499,000 Ibs. of
filler was used in the manufacturing process. For this time period, the number of
production days was 19. The average daily use of resin, gel coat and filler is calculated
to be 6042 Ibs., 331 Ibs. and 26,263 Ibs. respectively. The average daily consumption of
resin was calculated to be 6,373 Ibs. (resin plus gel coat) which was used to produce a
daily average of 608 units. This shows that on the average one unit is produced for every
10 pounds of resin consumed. This agrees very closely with the daily production logs.
From the data given in Table 3-4, the styrene emission rates from the spray booth, gel
coat oven inlet and outlet the curing oven inlet and outlet and the tank room exhaust
can be summed to give an average plant wide emission rate of 12.4 Ibs./hour. For a 16
hour production day, the daily styrene emission rate would be 198 Ibs/day. Therefore
the daily emission rate of styrene would be 198 Ibs. per 6,373 Ibs of resin used.
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4.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
The sampling and analytical procedures used for this testing were the most
recent revisions of the published EPA methods. In this section, descriptions of each
sampling and analytical method are provided.
In order to accomplish the test objectives, a mobile laboratory was set up
on site. All GC analyses of the bag samples for styrene were performed here. The
mobile lab was parked next to the building in a secured area. Electrical power
(440 volt) normally used to power an air compressor was available and was stepped
down to 110 volts. Electrical power needed to operate the sampling trains at the outside
locations were accessed from the same mobile laboratory. Power outlets (110 volts)
were accessible at all sampling locations inside the building.
4.1 Particulate Matter/Condensable Particulate Matter (PM/CPM) Emissions
Testing
The sampling method for particulate matter/condensable particulate
matter (PM10/CPM) is a combination of the protocols outlined in EPA Method 201A
[entitled "Determination of PM10 Emissions (Constant Sampling Rate Procedure)"] and
EPA Method 202 (entitled "Determination of Condensable Emissions from Stationary
Sources"). These methods are presented in Appendix B and C, and are summarized
below. Method 201A is applicable to the measurement of PM emissions with
aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10), in addition to PM
emissions larger than 10 microns from various types of stationary sources. Method 202
applies to the determination of CPM from various types of sources. Condensable PM
emissions are gaseous matter and aerosols that condense after passing through a filter,
which captures liquid and solid particulates. Analyses of the test samples were
performed for total PM, PM10, and CPM.
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Particulate matter emissions larger than 10 microns were determined by
measuring the weight of the catch of an in-stack PM10 cyclone. The PM10 emissions were
determined by the weight gain of an in-stack backup filter, which is downstream of the
cyclone. CPM emissions were determined by the weight gain of the impinger solution,
evaporated residue, as outlined in Section 5.1.5.3.
4.1.1 Particulate Matter/Condensable Particulate Matter Sampling Equipment
Figure 4-1 shows the sampling train for the PM/CPM method, which
combines the in-stack cyclone, filter assembly, and probe from Method 201A with the
impinger assembly from Method 202. The sample train consisted of a tapered stainless
steel inlet nozzle, an in-stack PM10 cyclone, a backup filter holder and filter behind the
cyclone, a heated glass probe liner, a series of 4 impingers, and the usual EPA Method 5
meterbox and vacuum pump.
The instrument used in PM10 determination was a Sierra Instruments
Series 280 Cyclade™ cyclone. This device collected particulates larger than 10 microns
and allowed particulates smaller than 10 microns to pass through to a backup filter. The
cyclone caused the gas stream to swirl in a vortex; particulates larger than 10 microns
contacted the cyclone wall and fell into a collection cup.
The in-stack backup filter used after the cyclone had a demonstrated
collection efficiency of greater than 99.95 percent on dioctylphthalate (DOP) smoke
particles as required by ASTM Standard Method D.
As outlined in EPA Method 202, the first three impingers each contained
100 ml of deionized distilled H20, and the fourth contained silica gel. The first two
impingers were of the Greenburg-Smith design with standard tips; the other impingers
had straight tubes. The impingers were connected together with clean glass U-tube
connectors.
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^ n
C/5
CO
5
"2.
*••
D
era
Temperature
Sensor
Cyclone
Nozzle
Backup Fitter Holder
Thermomelef
-------
4.1.2 Participate Matter/Condensable Paniculate Matter Sampling Equipment
Preparation
4.1.2.1 Glassware Preparation. Glassware was washed as follows:
• Wash in hot soapy water;
• Rinse with tap water;
• Rinse with deionized distilled water;
• Rinse with acetone; and
• Rinse with methylene chloride (MeCl2).
The cleaned glassware was allowed to air dry in a contamination-free environment.
After drying, the ends were covered to prevent contamination until assembled on site.
All glass components of the sampling train plus any sample bottles, pipets, Erlenmeyer
flasks, petri dishes, graduated cylinders, and other laboratory glassware used during
sample preparation, recovery, and analysis were cleaned according to this procedure.
The cyclone housing, nozzle, and interior surfaces were cleaned with hot,
soapy water, rinsed with hot tap water, rinsed with distilled deionized water, and finally
rinsed and dried with acetone.
4.1.2.2 Reagent Preparation. The deionized distilled reagent water used
conformed to the American Society for Testing and Materials Specification D 1193-74,
Type II.
4.1.2.3 Equipment Preparation. All measuring devices used during sampling were
calibrated prior to use as specified in EPA Method 5. This equipment included top
loading scales, the probe nozzles, pitot tubes, metering system, probe heater, temperature
gauges, dry gas metering system, and barometer. A laboratory field notebook was
maintained to record these calibration values.
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All filters used were desiccated and tared on a five place balance prior to
use. Replicate weighings at least 6 hours apart must agreed to within 0.5 mg to yield an
acceptable weight. Each filter was then stored in an individual petri dish with an
identification number, and all data was recorded in the logbook.
4.1.3 Participate Matter/Condensable Participate Matter Sampling Operations
The sampling procedure for the PM/CPM method is similar to the
procedure for EPA Method 5, except that a different method was used for nozzle size
selection and sampling time. No silicone grease was used in assembling the sample train
in order to avoid contamination.
Prior to sampling for PM10, a preliminary velocity traverse was performed.
Moisture content, and flue gas molecular weight, and temperatures were determined
using EPA Methods 1 through 4. These data were used to determine the appropriate
sampling rate (as outlined in EPA Method 201 A) through the cyclone and to select an
appropriate sampling nozzle or nozzles. In preparation for sampling, the tester
calculated an appropriate nozzle size for each anticipated range of pitot readings (delta
P), such that isokinetics were maintained within ±20 percent of the constant sampling
rate.
The impinger train was prepared according to EPA Method 5. (Teflon® is
used to provide leak-free connections between glassware.) (The impingers and impinger
contents are weighed and the weights recorded.) The sample train components were
carefully assembled in the recovery trailer except for attachment of the cyclone, backup
filter, and probe which was performed at the stack sampling location.
The train was assembled at the stack location by connecting the cyclone,
filter, and probe liner to the impinger train, which was connected to the meterbox. After
assembly, the train is leak checked at vacuum higher than expected during the test. The
leak rate must be below 0.02 cfm.
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The samples were withdrawn at a constant flow rate from the stack at the
traverse points determined by EPA Method 1. The sampling time at each point was
based on the relative gas velocity at that point. A leak check was performed before and
after each sample test. Teflon® tape was used to seal the train components at the end of
each test.
4.1.4 Particulate Matter/Condensable Participate Matter Sample Recovery
Recovery procedures began as soon as the probe was removed from the
stack at the end of the sampling period. To facilitate transfer from the sampling location
to the recovery trailer, the sampling train was disassembled into four sections: the
cyclone, the filter holder, the nozzle/probe liner, and the impingers in their bucket.
Each of these sections was capped with Teflon® tape before being transported to the
recovery trailer.
4.1.4.1 Cyclone Recovery. The cyclone was disassembled and the nozzle removed.
Particulate was quantitatively recovered from the interior surfaces of the nozzle, cyclone,
and collection cup (excluding the exit tube) by brushing with a nylon bristle brush and
rinsing with acetone until the rinse showed no visible particles. After this procedure, a
final rinse of the cyclone surfaces and brush was performed. All paniculate and acetone
rinse was collected in a sample jar and sealed. The liquid level was marked, and the jar
was identified and this information was logged into the field notebook.
The above procedure was repeated for all interior surfaces from the exit
tube to the front half of the in-stack filter. The acetone rinse was collected in a separate
sample jar, sealed, identified, the liquid level was marked, and the sample information
was logged into the field notebook.
4.1.4.2 Backup Filter Recovery. The backup filter holder was opened and the
filter was removed with tweezers. The filter was placed in a marked petri dish, sealed
with Teflon® tape, and logged into the field notebook.
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4.1.4.3 Probe and Impingers Recovery. The liquid from the three impingers was
transferred into a clean glass sample jar. The impinger bottles, back half of the filter
holders, and probe liner were rinsed (2X) with water, the rinse water was added to the
sample bottle, and the liquid level was marked on the bottle.
Following the water rinses, the impingers, filter holder, and probe were
rinsed (2X) with MeCl2. The MeCl2 rinse was saved in a clean glass sample jar and the
liquid level was marked.
All sample jars were fully identified, sealed, and logged into the field
notebook.
4.1.4.4 Field Blanks. Field blanks of water (500 ml), MeCl2 (a volume
approximately equal to the volume used for the MeCl2 rinses), and acetone (200 ml)
were taken. Each reagent blank was of the same lot as was used during the sampling
program. Each lot number and reagent grade was recorded on the field blank label and
recorded into the field notebook.
4.1.5 Particulate Matter/Condensable Participate Matter Analysis
Sample jars were checked to ascertain if leakage during shipment had
occurred. If sample loss occurred during shipment, the sample may be voided or a
method may be used to incorporate a correction factor to scale the final results
depending on the volume of the loss. No sample was noted.
4.1.5.1 Cyclone Catch Analysis. The two acetone rinses from the cyclone were
analyzed according to EPA Method 5. Each rinse was evaporated at room temperature,
~70°F, in a tared beaker to dryness. The residue was then desiccated at room
temperature for 24 hours in a desiccator containing anhydrous calcium sulfate prior to
weighing. To be considered constant weight, each replicate weighing had to agree to
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within 0.5 mg and was at least 6 hours apart. Weight gain for each was reported to the
nearest 0.1 mg. This weight gain constituted the particulate matter greater than
10 microns.
4.1.5.2 Filter Catch Analysis. The backup filter catch and rinses were analyzed
according to EPA Method 5 requirements.
For each filter, the filter and loose particulates were transferred to a tared
glass weighing dish and dried in a desiccator containing silica gel for 24 hours. The
sample was weighed to a constant weight, with results reported to the nearest 0.1 mg.
The resulting weight gain from the filter and exit tube acetone rinses constitute the non-
condensable PM10 portion of the sample.
4.1.5.3 Impinger and Probe Sample Analysis. The water sample was measured
gravimetrically.
The MeCl2 sample was combined with the water sample in a 1,000 ml
separatory funnel. After mixing, the aqueous and organic phases were allowed to
separate; most of the organic/Med2 phase was drained off and collected in a tared
350 ml weighing tin (approximately 100 ml). Then 75 ml of MeCl2 was added and
mixed; again most of the organic MeCl2 was drained into the weighing tin. This
procedure was repeated with another 75 ml of MeCl2. A total of approximately 250 ml
of organic extract was drained into the weighing tin. No water was drained during this
procedure.
Organic Fraction Weight Determination
The organic extract was evaporated under a laboratory hood. Following
evaporation, it was dried in a desiccator containing silica gel for 24 hours. The resulting
sample was weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg.
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Aqueous Fraction Weight Determination
The aqueous fraction was evaporated on a hotplate without boiling under a
laboratory hood. Following evaporation it was dried in a desiccator containing silica gel
for 24 hours, the resulting sample was then weighted to the nearest 0.1 mg.
4.2 Styrene
Samples for on-site analysis of styrene were collected using EPA
Method 18. Time integrated bag samples were collected for one hour by drawing stack
gas into 20 liter Tedlar® bags at constant sampling rates. Samples were collected in
triplicate at the locations described in Table 1-1. Each sample was analyzed on site by
gas chromatography utilizing a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Instrument
conditions were established in the laboratory prior to arriving on site. Stack parameters
of moisture, velocity, flow rate and temperature were determined by EPA Method 1-4.
4.2.1 Styrene Sampling Equipment
Styrene was collected in evacuated Tedlar® bags. The sampling train
consisted of a probe, a Teflon® sample transfer line, flow controller, leak proof rigid
container, and a vacuum pump. All components except the vacuum pump were heated
to a minimum temperature of 20°F above source in order to minimize the condensation
of styrene in the train.
The flow controller was calibrated in the laboratory prior to sampling and
was set to deliver a nominal 150 mL/min. to the Tedlar® bag. This flow rate allowed
the collection of approximately 10 liters of sample over a one hour period. The Tedlar®
bags were leak checked, blanked with high purity nitrogen and evacuated while on site
and prior to sampling. Blanking was performed by filling and evacuating each bag three
times. The bag was then filled with nitrogen and an aliquot analyzed by GC/FID in the
same manner as a sample. The bags were considered as blanked when no styrene was
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detected at the instrument detection limit. A laboratory notebook was used to record
and document all calibrations, equipment blanking and other operations as related to
equipment preparation.
4.2.2 Styrene Sampling Operations
Prior to the collection of the 1 hour integrated samples, the Tedlar® bag
and the Teflon® sampling lines were conditioned with the stack gas. This was
accomplished by filling and emptying the bag three times in succession. Each designated
sampling location was tested starting with the lowest concentration source and
proceeding to the next highest and so forth. The order of testing was determined from
the analysis of grab samples from each location.
An evacuated Tedlar® bag was placed into the pre-heated rigid container
which was large enough to hold the bag when fully inflated. The inlet to the bag was
connected to one of two swagelok fittings which were mounted through the lid of the
container. The lid was placed on the container and sealed. The probe was then placed
in the center of the stack, the pump was started and the probe/transfer line assembly
was connected to the bag in-let. At this point sampling began and the time was recorded
in the dedicated field notebook. Sampling continued for one hour.
When sampling was completed, the heated container/Tedlar® bag was
returned to the on-site laboratory for analysis. The remaining two samples were then
collected in the same manner.
4.2.3 Styrene Analysis
The samples were analyzed by GC/FID in the on-site laboratory. The
GC/FID instrument conditions were as follows:
• Gas Chromatograph~HP 5890, equipped with a 10 mL sample loop
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• Column—1/8" O.D. stainless steel, 8' long, packed with 10% TCEP
• Detector-Flame ionization
• Temperature program-isothermal at 100 degrees C
Integrator-HP 3396A
The instrument was calibrated with a series of styrene standards contained
in commercially available compressed gas cylinders. The standard concentrations were
10, 50, 100, and 250 ppmv. To calibrate, the sample loop was flushed with a standard
and then injected into the GC/FID. The area count of the styrene peak was measured
by the integrator. This was repeated for each remaining standard. A calibration curve
was developed by performing a least squares fit using the concentrations and
corresponding area counts of the standards. A new calibration curve was developed at
the beginning of each day of sampling and repeated at the end of each day.
Samples were analyzed in the same manner by flushing the sample loop,
injecting the sample and measuring the area count. This area count was then converted
to a concentration using the least squares equation developed with the standards. Each
sample was analyzed in duplicate. If the concentration of any sample exceeded the
calibration range (tank head space samples), the sample was diluted by adding a known
volume of sample gas to a known volume of high purity nitrogen in a blanked Tedlar®
bag and analyzed. The identification of styrene was determined based on retention time
established by the standards. No interferents were anticipated due to the fact that no
other chemicals except methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) are used in the
manufacturing process. The MEKP is used in extremely small amounts and would not
be detected by the GC/FID.
The 10 ppmv styrene standard was analyzed immediately before and after
the analysis of each sample. This calibration check was to verify that the initial
calibration was still valid.
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A method blank (Tedlar® bag filled with high purity nitrogen) was
analyzed before each sample to verify that the GC/FID was free of carry over from a
previous sample. This also served as the field blank.
One sample was allowed to remain in the Tedlar® bag for approximately
16 hours and then reanalyzed. This data was used to evaluate the stability of styrene
over a long period of time. See Section 5.1.
The EPA Project Officer requested that Radian be supplied with an
appropriate styrene audit material. The audit material, available from Research Triangle
Institute, was a compressed gas cylinder containing styrene at a known concentration.
The audit gas was analyzed in the field prior to any scheduled sampling and the results
reported to the EPA Project officer on site. The results of the analysis of the audit
material agreed to within ± 10% of the verified concentration. See Section 5.1.
4.3 EPA Methods 1-4
4.3.1 Traverse Point Location By EPA Method 1
The number and location of sampling traverse points necessary for
isokinetic and flow sampling was dictated by EPA Method 1 protocol. These parameters
are based upon how much duct distance separates the sampling ports from the closest
downstream and upstream flow disturbances.
4.3.2 Volumetric Flow Rate Determination by EPA Method 2
Volumetric flow rate was measured according to EPA Method 2. A
Type K thermocouple and S-type pitot tube were used to measure flue gas temperature
and velocity, respectively. All of the isokinetically sampled methods that were used
incorporate EPA Method 2.
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4.3.2.1 Sampling and Equipment Preparation. For EPA Method 2, the pitot
tubes were calibrated before use following the directions in the method. Also, the pilots
were leak checked before and after each run.
4.3.2.2 Sampling Operations. The parameters that were measured include the
pressure drop across the pilots, stack temperature, stack static and ambient pressure.
These parameters were measured at each traverse point, as applicable. A computer
program was used to calculate the average velocity during the sampling period.
4.3.3 O2 and CO2 Concentrations by EPA Method 3.
The O2 and CO2 concentrations were assumed to be that of ambient air.
4.3.4 Average Moisture Determination by EPA Method 4
The average flue gas moisture content was determined according to EPA
Method 4. Before sampling, the initial weight of the impingers was recorded. When
sampling was completed, the final weights of the impingers are recorded, and the weight
gain was calculated. The weight gain and the volume of gas sampled were used to
calculate the average moisture content (percent) of the flue gas. The calculations were
performed by computer. Method 4 was incorporated in the techniques used for all of
the manual sampling methods that were used during the baghouse testing. Moisture
determinations were made by wet bulb measurements at the other sampling locations.
Temperature of water vapor saturation were converted to percent moisture in the gas
stream.
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5.0 PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL
The following subsections summarize the quality control measures
implemented during the field testing conducted at General Marble in Lincolnton, NC
during the period March 2 through March 9, 1992.
Two site visits were performed at this facility. The first occurred on
October 16, 1991. Personnel from EPA and Radian visited the facility to gain
information about the operation, what chemicals are used and to identify all sources of
emissions. A second visit was performed on January 15, 1992 to mark the locations
where all sampling ports were to be constructed.
In order to accomplish the test objectives, a mobile laboratory was set up
on site. All GC analyses of the bag samples for styrene were performed here. The
mobile lab was parked next to the building in a secured area. Electrical power (440
volt) normally used to power an air compressor was available and was stepped down to
110 volts. Electrical power needed to operate the sampling trains at the outside
locations were accessed from the same mobile laboratory. Power outlets (110 volts)
were accessible at all sampling locations inside the building.
5.1 Styrene
The physical and chemical properties of styrene present unique sampling
and analytical challenges. These properties must be considered and integrated with the
requirements of EPA Method 18. Since styrene will polymerize at temperatures between
150 and 200 degrees C and is readily absorbed by any rubber material, special
precautions were implemented as well as performing field and laboratory method
validation experiments termed "bias check" studies. The details of the QC measures used
for this testing are discussed below. Table 5-1 shows the acceptance criteria and control
limits for the data generated during this field test.
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Table 5-1
Summary Of Acceptance Criteria, Control Limits, And Corrective Action
Criteria
Control Limit
Corrective Action
Manual Sampling
Isokinetics
100 ± 10%
Qualify data
Dry Gas Meter Calibration
Calibrated every six months against
EPA standard
Replicate Meter
Calibration Factors
Agree within 2% of average factor
Repeat calibration
Average Meter Calibration
Check
1.00 ± 1%
Adjust the dry gas meter and
recalibrate
Dry Gas Meter Calibration
Factor
Post-test average calibration factor
agree ±5% of pre-test factor
Adjust sample volumes using
the factor that gives smallest
volume
Final Leak Rate
(after each port)
_<0.02 acfm or 4% of sampling
rate whichever is less
Adjust sample volume
Analytical Balance
(top loader)
0.1 g of NBS Class S Weights
Repair balance and
recalibrate
Precision Balance
0.0001 g of NBS Class S Weights
Repair balance and
recalibrate
Styrene Analytical Results
GC/FID
Instrument Check
Standard
Calibration Blank Run
Styrene Retention Time
Audit Sample
Duplicate Analyses
Linearity Multipoint
Calibration
Duplicate Samples
±20%
<5xMDL
±2% of standard
±10%
±5%
±15%
Recalibrate and reanalyze
Flush sample with "0" air
Check instrument condition
Reanalyze until within
specification
Reanalyze
Repeat multipoint
Repeat duplicate sampling
dkd.196
Styrene.Fnl
5-2
-------
A daily multi-point calibration curve was developed at the beginning of
each day of sampling. In each case, a minimum of four concentration levels were used
and the resulting correlation coefficients (R) from the least squares fit applied to the
data met the requirement of R being equal to or greater than 0.99 as outlined in the test
plan. "Instrument check standards" were run after the analysis of each sample and all
calculated values were within 20% of the theoretical value based on the initial
calibration curve. Duplicate analyses were performed on each sample and the calculated
concentrations were within 5% of the mean of the two values.
Prior to sampling, the Tedlar® bags were leak checked and blanked. Each
bag was filled to capacity with high purity nitrogen and allowed to stand over night.
Visual inspection was used to determine if a bag was leak free. Leak free bags were
then blanked by analyzing the nitrogen for styrene. New, unused bags were used for
each source tested.
During sampling, the heated Teflon® sampling line and Tedlar® bag were
maintained at a temperature above that of the source being sampled. Each source
sampled for styrene was exhaust of the work place air which was approximately 70
degrees F. The temperature of the sampling system was maintained at 90 +/- 10
degrees F. After the sampling line and Tedlar® bag reached the prescribed 90 degree
temperature, the sampling system was conditioned with stack gas twice by filling and
evacuating the bag. An integrated sample was then collected over a period of
approximately one hour. A minimum of three independent samples were collected at
each source.
Bias check studies of the sampling and analytical system were performed
during the field study and preliminarily in the laboratory. A bias check was performed
by collecting a sample of styrene gas of known concentration in a Tedlar® bag using the
sampling system under the same conditions used for the source samples.
dkd.196 5-3
Styrene.Fnl
-------
This was accomplished in the field by flowing the 10 ppm standard gas
through the heated Teflon® sample line into the heated bag over a period of
approximately one hour. This sample was then analyzed in the same manner as for the
source samples. The calculated value was then compared to the true value and a % bias
calculated. The calculated value was -13.2%. This procedure was repeated with the
49.5 ppm gas standard and the calculated value was -11.5%.
The same bias study experiments were performed in the laboratory prior to
the field testing. The 10 ppm standard (as used in the field) was repeated along with a
50 ppm, and 250 ppm standard. Each bag was conditioned three times before the hour
long sample was collected. The results of these experiments are given in Table 5-2.
Two duplicate samples were collected at the curing oven inlet in order to
provide data relative to sampling precision. Two similar trains were used to collect
simultaneous samples from the same point in the stack flow. The criteria of ±15% for
duplicate samples, analyzed in duplicate, was met for these runs.
A styrene audit sample was obtained from Research Triangle Institute at
the request of the EPA project officer. The audit sample was analyzed on site before
any sampling began. The results of the analysis of the audit were reported to the EPA
project officer on site and were within ± 10% of the theoretical value.
It was determined that non-laminar flow conditions existed in the curing
oven and gel coat oven inlet and outlet stacks. EPA personnel subsequently returned to
test site and measured the flow rate in the gel coat oven inlet and outlet stacks
employing the use of a flow straightening device. Three measurement runs were
performed at each location resulting in an average flow rate of 2591 dscfm and
4049 dscfm for the inlet and outlet respectively. Both of the values determined by the
EPA were within 9% of that determined initially by Radian Corp. Based upon this data,
all volumetric flow rates and emission rates are based on the values determined by
Radian Corp during the initial field test.
dkd.196 5-4
Styrene.Fnl
-------
Table 5-2
Results of Laboratory Bias Studies
Run#
1
2
3
% Bias'
10 ppm
+ 5.0
+ 8.0
+ 7.0
50 ppm
-2.2
+ 10.8
+ 5.5
250 ppm
-6.0
-21.0
-22.0
Sampling and analysis conditions were the same as those used during the field test at
Venetian Marble, Richmond, VA.
dkd.196
Styrene.Fnl
5-5
-------
5.2 Participate
All sampling train components used for the PM-10 sampling and velocity
determinations (dry gas meters and pitot tubes) were inspected and calibrated prior to
the field testing. Dry gas meter calibration factors were determined prior to the field
test and calculated to be 1.0029 and 1.0075 for the two meters. These were within the
acceptance criteria of 1.00 +/- 1% as given in the test plan.
The isokinetic sampling rates for the three runs at the bag house inlet were
within the 100 +/- 10% acceptance criteria given in Table 5.1. These limits provide a
greater control than those given in the EPA method which were 100 + /- 20%. Only
one run at the bag house outlet was outside the acceptance criteria and was found to be
112% of true isokinetic.
5.3 Daily Test Preparations/Activities
During the test period, Radian personnel arrived on site each day 1 to
ll/2 hours before the scheduled start of testing. During this time daily preparations
included:
• Preparation and set-up of manual method trains;
• Start up and calibration of the GC
Daily analytical protocol for the analysis of styrene were:
• Initial 3 point calibration bracketing the concentration of samples to
be analyzed
• Daily check standard (mid point of calibration curve)
• Blank
• Sample
• Sample duplicate analysis
dkd.196 5-6
Styrene.Fnl
-------
• Blank
• Sample
• Sample duplicate analysis
• Blank
• Daily check standard
• Blank
• Post 3 point calibration (end of daily analysis)
dkd.196 5-7
Styrene.Fnl
-------
APPENDIX A
PM10 FIELD DATA SHEETS
dkd.196 A-l
Styrene.Fnl
-------
nT
ROBE LENGTH AND TYPE
NOZZLE 1 D (In)
METER BOX NUMBER
METER A H@
Yd
K FACTOR
PROBE HEATER SETTING
HEATER BOX SETTING
4 5^35
_pi|
/V-33.
1 -"It*
1-OflQ^-
'to
HEIGHT OF LOCATION (ft)
DUCT DIMENSIONS
FILTER NUMBER
ASSUMED MOISTURE (%)
MOISTURE METHOD
MOISTURE DATA
O2/CO2 METHOD
O2
CO2
FINAL LFAKCHECK
3o'
l)'f '' £
/VV/O^^ 2
^ ^y
^y /^
U'6-- O
<3.o/( *i-
=>
7l
2^.si"(:
Ifeo \ ~ 7
/iTli' J '
5-8.2.
'uni- c^\ - -^-n-
READ AND RECORD ALL DATA EVERY
MINUTE;;
*7S"»-^
?o
I.S-T %
COMMENTS:
flews/of) / ;/90
-------
METHOD 5
FIELD DATA
RUN tS?
PAGE 1 OF
I
PLANT
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
SAMPLE TYPE
RUN NUMBER
OPERATOR
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
STATIC PRESSURE (Pi)
INITIAL LEAKCHECK
/WJA/kk
3-f-M
t> l-ho^i-isr
PMIO
A
3BP
JTO
•JV.7C.
tU
0.ooS^.H
PROBE LENGTH AND TYPE
NOZZLE ID (In)
METER BOX NUMBER
METER * H@
Yd
K FACTOR
PROBE HEATER SETTING
HEATER BOX SETTING
4 Ji
fa/0 2
-------
RADIAN
MOISTURE RECOVERY FORM FOR METHODS 4, 5, 6
Plant
Date
Sampling Location
Sample Type
Run Number
Sample Box Number
Clean-up Person
Solvent Rinses
Sample Identification Code
XAD Trap Number
0>r<\. /YwloW.
3>h>Kr
T--H--
(\V\~\0
\
LlK£i^^4-O\
Ki if\
Nlft
Impinger
Number
Impinger
Solution
Amount of
Solution
(9)
Impinger Tip
Configuration
Impinger Weight (g)
Final
Initial
Weight
Gain
1
/a
-S.I
TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN (g)
-------
FIELD DATA
Run
Page 1 of
pA?/0
Plant ((WsJ^/Ht
Date
Sampling Location
Sample Type
Run Number
Operator
Ambient Temperature
Barometric Pressure
Static Pressure
2-> <7 ^
> ( J
Pn+ir-t
S-kir^KUL.
i
\J D i
—
•> cJ y O
•rZ"
Probe Length and Type
Nozzle ID (In.)
Meter Box Number
Meter A H@
Yd
K Factor
Probe Heater Setting
Heater Box Setting
Intial Leak Check
3i \
Q I ^i ^»\
I5M-
/\/~-33.
I %
1 ooo2
-
—
0,006&>6"
Height of Location (ft)
Duct Dimmensions
Hlter Number
Assumed Moisture (%)
O2(%)
CO2(%)
O2/CO2 Method
Final Leak Check
3o'
21 X'i*J
P01)B29-2.|
-? 2
^
O
A//4
/rfavc I*- IWZ-Z^I"^
"«t>V
Read and Record All Data Every UftM Minutes
Diagram of Duct
Traverse
Point
Number
Sampling
Time
(milt)
0
Clock
Time
(24-hr)
Gas Meter
Reading
Velocity
Head
A PS
(in. H2O)
Rue
Gas
Temperature
Orifice
Pressure
Differential
AH (in. H2O)
Filter
Temperature
CF)
Dry Gas Meter
Temperature
Inlet
(•F)
Outlet
Impinger
ucit
Pump
Vacuum
(in. H2O)
/o
x:
JQ_
T
\
?
r) .
f /
7
/3>oS".
Tniu,
J
5
aoj.5
ny/X
mn
££>
7-7
7$-*
-O.
•&£*>•
st
/OO
n?3l.
-CL
*
0, G3
0
Jo
5
I&.O
r
ML
tSL
J
/OS
_L
0
c
/07
J2.
ML
K
M^
3-
TCTTi
utt
/02
Mdi
i
O.Ll
c —mr
J2_
0
117 l
Comments:
-------
Plant
i
tf 14 ~3 v-
| fHun Piumoeri
Date
3-3
I Operator
Comments:
-------
METHOD 5
FIELD DATA
PAGE 1 OF
PLANT
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
SAMPLE TYPE
RUN NUMBER
OPERATOR
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
STATIC PRESSURE (P»)
INITIAL LEAKCHECK
tjefl.ifVi,!-^
2.Vf.lT/_
ft v\ C"
fvM iO/2jy -»
>
^
4
s~
^
Sampling
Time
(min)
D
x\ M^
L,0;1^
W.-u
\l±.i1
&.>£T-
•l^^
2-ol.SH
L>r,?o
lfci.0^
T-li.b^
-i^D.id
^^.J»
/ "7
2-\J8r I?
O'b-T^
Clock )
Time /
(24-t.r) fr
S&Jfrr-
Pri-i^krt .-> C
<- i »'•( rt "^f
1067.9)
rnMO.^
M lt7-^
l\^-U
O nl \
JX7-U
Q^r
\Z
MM^
\i1 fc
f?J.i
/ ^t-.u>
n^rn
LtA*- •/' ;
\ 7S1 (o«M
•^0.^
z^'3 (p
;]!,;]
•i2«? )5"
iM 1 ^
Z_^S loo
rz^} * i5fe.i_
Velocity
Head
(» P»).
in. H2O
IT
Z.Z
2--I
/.a
1.7
/.£-
^ ,(j<.'^
is-
i s-
Flue
Gas
Temperature
CF)
fc2_
^
U4
WV
^T
^»2_
/"//<
12-
1^
-75-
1(-
10»
?r
^V I?..?,V
Orifice
rretiiure
Differential
( * H, In. H2O)
• 1<,U
w^
-7 )\.c.c
Filter
Temperature
CF)
N/A-
4
^ ~, lU
Temperature (*F)
Dry Qa* Meter
Inlet
(Tmln)
"K
?v
ris"~
iu
%
'K
|O O
. '. i
i o 4
/ov
1 r. (,
.tr>(j
^
Outlet
(Tmout)
"\0
-n
*\f
8!5
6S
'U
'U
S N-
')T
5fo
llf-
?«
Impinger
Exit
^S
s"i-
.:rv
A'I
c-5
Si^
i
<;'(o
C^
Ui
l^^j
W
s^r~
Pump
Vacuum
(In Hg)
I
!
1
i
\
1
>
1
1
l
1
/
n
~? i
n
12-
12-
-) 2-
COMMENTS/^) '
LOSS \ \
SB.t jClb«} = i-
Rovision II/9O
Hi*,
-------
FIELD DATA
Run C
Page 1 of
irtt - o-z_
I
Plant
Date
Sampling Location
Sample Type
Run Number
Operator
Ambient Temperature
Barometric Pressure
Static Pressure
fion.AWUe-
5UVJ2_
^vV£
?(t\(0/W2-
T_
^otfUA-
U
2-9 -7t
-L>
Probe Length and Type
Nozzle ID (in.)
Meter Box Number
Meter AH@
Yd
K Factor
Probe Heater Setting
Heater Box Setting
Intial Leak Check
3,' sVYbi
o
.\32-
IT
\.8^
;Vioo
^J|Pr
Mil*
^)4
o.oll«-7"
Height of Location (ft)
Duct Dimmensions
Filter Number
Assumed Moisture (S&
O2(%)
CO2(%)
O2/CO2 Method
Final Leak Check
2.5"'
*!#
fmiOZ'izS
.016
SA
O
AJMr
o.ooHQM"
/uUU )2,
-------
Plant
Date
Location 1
Sample Typ
-------
RADIAN
MOISTURE RECOVERY FORM FOR METHODS 4, 5, 6
Plant
Date
Sampling Location
Sample Type
Run Number
Sample Box Number
Clean-up Person
Solvent Rinses
Sample Identification Code
XAD Trap Number
(3^^ A flwUe
3/3 M i
fs H ( -
fcr\ -1^
c. ^
Lii^i.^^n -OL
M/(\
H/f\
Impinger
Number
Impinger
Solution
Amount of
Solution
(9)
Impinger Tip
Configuration
Impinger Weight (g)
Final
Initial
Weight
Gain
1
n
- (2. U
GS
O. 0
3-6
TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN (g)
-------
FIELD DATA
Plant
Date
Sampling Location
Sample Type
Run Number
Operator
Ambient Temperature
Barometric Pressure
Static Pressure "faO
6>£K t'l'la.tile-
3(9^-2.
c^r^j:
Ptfiio
\
koOi4,
fftD
Wfcfc
— LfiO
Probe Length and Type
Nozzle ID (In.)
Meter Box Number
Meter *H@
Yd
K Factor
Probe Heater Setting
Heater Box Setting
Intlal Leak Check
3 'ski*
.(Si
IT
\.»fe
,1100
HlA
Htfcr
UlA
o.eo^cl11
Height of Location (ft)
Duct Dimmensions
Filter Number
Assumed Moisture (%)
O2(%)
CO2(%)
O2/CO2 Method
Final Leak Check
25"-
2.4" 0
ftn lomx.
« i.S
a\
o
r>>]A-
o.coacas
Read and Record All Data Every
Diagram of Duct
Minutes
ji ->2.\
Comments:
-------
Plant
Date
Location 1
Sample Typ'j
Run Numoer
Operator
Traverse
Point
Number
Sampling
Time
(mln)
Clock
Time
(24-hr)
Gas Meter
Reading
Vm(fP)
Velocity
Head
A PS
(In. H2O)
Flue
Gas
Temperature
<°F)
Orifice
Pressure
Differential
A H On. H2O)
Filter
Temperature
<°F)
Dry Gas Meter
Temperature
Inlet
(°F)
Outlet
(°F)
Implnger
Exit
(°F)
Pump
Vacuum
(In. H2O)
Comments:
-------
APPENDIX B
LABORATORY GRAVIMETRIC DATA
dkd.196 B-l
Styrene.Fnl
-------
METHOD 5 ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Client
Plant
Sample Type
Run Number
Date
Technician
Sheet
/ of i
Stage
Number
Sample
ID
Sample
Vol.
(ml)
Blank
Corr.
(9)
Tare
Weight
(9)
Final
Weight
(g)
Sample
Weight
(g)
Comments
* 55 91
O.ovnb
,31
a
&OOJD
"8 /'-r OUT
000%
, 0*2931 &
,31
n «
-------
METHOD 5 ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Client
Plant
Sample Type
Run Number
Date
Technician
Sheet
3) \3\°i2.
•^TU&rp
i of '3
-Stage-
Number-
Sample
ID
Sample
Vol.
(ml)
Blank
Corr.
(g)
Tare
Weight
(g)
Final
Weight
(g)
Sample
Weight
(g)
Comments
C//J
0-0003
.56)
50.
5"
^/.OfrfK
a 000 6
4,0017
C-/VIO
0,60 Dt
.-.-
C /6
s/, i
O.oooi
57. /y/5 o
o.OO o*3
71' 00 |.ic\l
7.0 5".
6-0003,
,57. 5.-7/
0,0007
50/^15
BM
5
0.0MO
H- / 5'0
O.ooo2>
C/Vl
/ O1 'ij |f w v.
/TO
0-000 G
-------
METHOD 5 ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Client £/h/? J f^?-ew^
Plant £.\,\ei
Run Number
Date
Technician
Sheet
3/ )3\CU
ruwp
a of,?'
Stage
Number
Sample
ID
Sample
Vol.
(ml)
Blank
Corr.
(9)
Tare
Weight
(9)
Final
Weight
(g)
Sample
Weight
(g)
Comments
51),
O.
o.toi
j
0-0(o W
4Mi/(B
O.OOODO\
5,00000
-------
METHOD 5 ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Client
Plant
Sample Type
(Pe iu e v c\ V
Run Number
Date
Technician
Sheet
3VV3.VU
'TUJdd-p
\ of 3
Stage
Number
Sample
ID
Sample
Vol.
(ml)
Blank
Corr.
(9)
Tare
Weight
(9)
Final
Weight
(g)
Sample
Weight
(g)
Comments
7
/ 6' O r~ i.
(•rim d
e
st.iaLo^
5\.
(•'l-vi/O
•»- 2o w L
O.O061.
a 305-5"
Gtt
O.DOO
57.052V
5 1. OS Ob
0,00^)
f ,--h / 0
O-OODV
•y /v /o
/OO^L
O.ooo \
\ A
ovr
en4
.
O. feoo \
6,00 / s'
0,00^3
10
33
O.DOOl
«
0.60(3
Clo?
17
0- ooo \
5i.o
-------
METHOD 5 ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Client
Plant
Sample Type
Run Number
Date
Technician
Sheet
3II3IU
-rojoo3>
a of a
Stage
Number
Sample
ID
Sample
Vol.
(ml)
Blank
Corr.
(g)
Tare
Weight
(9)
Final
Weight
(g)
Sample
Weight
(g)
Comments
$> rll
Q.OOoO
50
57,05^1
3/4 ^^
5"! ,
0-000^
/ 0 0
5~/ ,9100 I
'/ £oo y
3
-------
APPENDIX C
CALCULATIONS OF SAMPLING PARAMETERS (RADIAN)
dkd.1% C-l
Styrene.Fnl
-------
FACILITY : General Marble
DATE: 3/03/92
LOCATION: BHI
RUN NUMBER: 1
SAMPLING PARAMETER PM-10
Total Sampling Time (min.)
Corrected Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Absolute Stack Pressure,Ps(in. Hg)
Stack Static Pressure (in. H2O)
Average Stack Temperature (°F)
Stack Area (sq.in.)
Metered Volume,Vm (cu.ft.)
Average Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Average Meter Temperature (°F)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration (%V)
Oxygen Concentration (%V)
Nitrogen Concentration (%V)
Dry Gas Meter Factor
Nozzle I.D. (in.)
328.40
29.67
29.23
-6.00
83.82
706.86
149.89
0.64
110.76
21.00
0.00
79.00
0.99000
0.13
Average Sampling Rate (dscfm)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Stack Moisture (%V)
Dry Molecular Weight
Wet Molecular Weight
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (fpm)
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (mpm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acmm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscmm)
Percent Isokinetic
(dscf)
(dscm)
Particulate Catch (g)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Particulate Concentration (gr/dscf)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Emission Rate (#/hr)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Condensable Catch (g)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Emission Rate (#/hr)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
0.42
136.40
3.863
0.62
28.84
28.77
4225.02
1287.79
20739.50
587.343
19582.71
554.582
109.55
0.1772
0.1516
0.0256
2.00E-02
1.71E-02
2.90E-03
3.36E+00
2.88E+00
4.86E-01
0.0030
0.0026
0.0004
3.39E-04
2.94E-04
4.52E-05
5.70E-02
4.94E-02
7.59E-03
-------
FACILITY : General Marble
DATE: 3/04/92
LOCATION: BHI
RUN NUMBER: 2
SAMPLING PARAMETER PM-10
Total Sampling Time (min.)
Corrected Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Absolute Stack Pressure,Ps(in. Hg)
Stack Static Pressure (in. H20)
Average Stack Temperature (°F)
Stack Area (sq.in.)
Metered Volume,Vm (cu.ft.)
Average Meter Pressure (in.H2O)
Average Meter Temperature (°F)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration (%V)
Oxygen Concentration (%V)
Nitrogen Concentration (%V)
Dry Gas Meter Factor
Nozzle I.D. (in.)
336.80
29.75
29.31
-6.00
71.59
706.86
154.55
0.66
97.49
21.00
0.00
79.00
0.99000
0.13
Average Sampling Rate (dscfm)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Stack Moisture (%V)
Dry Molecular Weight
Wet Molecular Weight
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (fpm)
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (mpm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acmm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscmm)
Percent Isokinetic
(dscf)
(dscm)
0.43
144.39
4.089
1.50
28.84
28.68
4352.15
1326.54
21363.58
605.017
20471.68
579.758
108.17
Particulate Catch (g)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Particulate Concentration (gr/dscf)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Emission Rate (#/hr)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Condensable Catch (g)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Emission Rate (#/hr)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
0.3816
0.3323
0.0493
4.08E-02
3.55E-02
5.27E-03
7.16E+00
6.23E+00
9.24E-01
0.0017
0.0014
0.0003
1.82E-04
1.50E-04
3.21E-05
3.19E-02
2.63E-02
5.63E-03
-------
FACILITY : General Marble
DATE: 3/05/92
LOCATION: BHI
RUN NUMBER: 3
SAMPLING PARAMETER PM-10
Total Sampling Time (min.)
Corrected Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Absolute Stack Pressure,Ps(in. Hg)
Stack Static Pressure (in. H20)
Average Stack Temperature (°F)
Stack Area (sq.in.)
Metered Volume,Vm (cu.ft.)
Average Meter Pressure (in.H2O)
Average Meter Temperature (°F)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration (%V)
Oxygen Concentration (%V)
Nitrogen Concentration (%V)
Dry Gas Meter Factor
Nozzle I.D. (in.)
336.80
29.84
29.40
-6.00
68.90
706.86
155.63
0.66
93.68
21.00
0.00
79.00
0.99000
0.13
Average Sampling Rate (dscfm)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Stack Moisture (%V)
Dry Molecular Weight
Wet Molecular Weight
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (fpm)
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (mpm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acmm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscmm)
Percent Isokinetic
(dscf)
(dscm)
0.44
146.84
4.159
1.46
28.84
28.68
4416.70
1346.21
21680.44
613.990
20953.74
593.410
107.48
Particulate Catch (g)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Particulate Concentration (gr/dscf)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Emission Rate (#/hr)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Condensable Catch (g)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Emission Rate (#/hr)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
0.3585
0.3056
0.0529
3.77E-02
3.21E-02
5.56E-03
6.77E+00
5.77E+00
9.98E-01
0.0023
0.0019
0.0004
2.42E-04
2.00E-04
4.20E-05
4.34E-02
3.59E-02
7.55E-03
-------
FACILITY : General Marble
DATE: 3/03/92
LOCATION: BHO
RUN NUMBER: 1
SAMPLING PARAMETER PM-10
Total Sampling Time (min.)
Corrected Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Absolute Stack Pressure,Ps(in. Hg)
Stack Static Pressure (in. H20)
Average Stack Temperature (°F)
Stack Area (sq.in.)
Metered Volume,Vm (cu.ft.)
Average Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Average Meter Temperature (°F)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration (%V)
Oxygen Concentration (%V)
Nitrogen Concentration (%V)
Dry Gas Meter Factor
Nozzle I.D. (in.)
367.00
29.66
29.81
2.00
89.70
706.86
165.46
0.63
95.21
21.00
0.00
79.00
..00020
0.13
Average Sampling Rate (dscfm)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Stack Moisture (%V)
Dry Molecular Weight
Wet Molecular Weight
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (fpm)
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (mpm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acmm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscmm)
Percent Isokinetic
(dscf)
(dscm)
0.43
156.37
4.428
0.58
28.84
28.78
4667.44
1422.64
22911.26
648.847
21798.51
617.334
97.97
Particulate Catch (g)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Particulate Concentration (gr/dscf)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Emission Rate (#/hr)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Condensable Catch (g)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Emission Rate (#/hr)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
0.0030
0.0014
0.0016
2.96E-04
1.38E-04
1.58E-04
5.53E-02
2.58E-02
2.95E-02
0.0019
0.0016
0.0003
1.87E-04
1.58E-04
2.96E-05
3.50E-02
2.95E-02
5.53E-03
-------
FACILITY : General Marble
DATE: 3/04/92
LOCATION: BHO
RUN NUMBER: 2
SAMPLING PARAMETER PM-10
Total Sampling Time (min.)
Corrected Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Absolute Stack Pressure,Ps(in. Hg)
Stack Static Pressure (in. H20)
Average Stack Temperature (°F)
Stack Area (sq.in.)
Metered Volume,Vm (cu.ft.)
Average Meter Pressure (in.H20)
Average Meter Temperature (°F)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration (%V)
Oxygen Concentration (%V)
Nitrogen Concentration (%V)
Dry Gas Meter Factor
Nozzle I.D. (in.)
368.00
29.74
29.88
1.80
77.71
706.86
169.39
0.70
73.29
21.00
0.00
79.00
L.00020
0.13
Average Sampling Rate (dscfm)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std) (dscf)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std) (dscm)
Stack Moisture (%V)
Dry Molecular Weight
Wet Molecular Weight
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (fpm)
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (mpm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acmm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscmm)
Percent Isokinetic
Particulate Catch (g)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Particulate Concentration (gr/dscf)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Emission Rate (#/hr)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Condensable Catch (g)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Emission Rate (#/hr)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
0.45
167.14
4.733
1.58
28.84
28.67
4654.75
1418.77
22845.50
646.985
22063.84
624.848
103.25
0.0039
0.0022
0.0017
3.60E-04
2.03E-04
1.57E-04
6.81E-02
3.84E-02
2.97E-02
0.0026
0.0022
0.0004
2.40E-04
2.03E-04
3.69E-05
4.54E-02
3.84E-02
6.98E-03
-------
FACILITY : General Marble
DATE: 3/05/92
LOCATION: BHO
RUN NUMBER: 3
SAMPLING PARAMETER PM-10
Total Sampling Time (min.)
Corrected Barometric Pressure (in. Hg)
Absolute Stack Pressure,Ps(in. Hg)
Stack Static Pressure (in. H20)
Average Stack Temperature (°F)
Stack Area (sq.in.)
Metered Volume,Vm (cu.ft.)
Average Meter Pressure (in.H2O)
Average Meter Temperature (°F)
Carbon Dioxide Concentration (%V)
Oxygen Concentration (%V)
Nitrogen Concentration (%V)
Dry Gas Meter Factor
Nozzle I.D. (in.)
368.00
29.83
29.97
1.80
77.71
706.86
169.39
0.70
73.29
21.00
0.00
79.00
..00020
0.13
Average Sampling Rate (dscfm)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Standard Metered Volume,Vm(std)
Stack Moisture (%V)
Dry Molecular Weight
Wet Molecular Weight
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (fpm)
Stack Gas Velocity,Vs (mpm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (acmm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscfm)
Volumetric Flow Rate (dscmm)
Percent Isokinetic
(dscf)
(dscm)
0.46
167.65
4.748
1.57
28.84
28.67
4298.71
1310.25
21101.23
597.590
20426.02
578.465
111.79
Particulate Catch (g)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Particulate Concentration (gr/dscf)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Emission Rate (#/hr)
>10 microns
<=10 microns
Condensable Catch (g)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Concentration (gr/dscf)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
Condensable Emission Rate (#/hr)
Aqueous Fraction
Extractable Fraction
0.0025
0.0013
0.0012
2.30E-04
1.20E-04
1.10E-04
4.03E-02
2.09E-02
1.93E-02
0.0019
0.0017
0.0002
1.75E-04
1.56E-04
1.84E-05
3.06E-02
2.74E-02
3.22E-03
-------
PLANT General Marble
DATE 3/04/92
SAMPLING LOCATION Gel Coat Oven In
RUN 1.00
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ... 70.00
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ... 29.62
STATIC PRESSURE (in H20) 0.20
OPERATOR DD
AVERAGES
% 02
% C02
%N2
PERCENT MOISTURE IN STACK...
MOLE FRAC. of DRY STACK GAS.
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT
STACK DIAMETER (IN)
STACK AREA (sq ft)
CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Traverse
Point
Number
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Bl
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
Velocity S
Head
DP (in H20) (
0.44
0.32
0.24
0.06
0.00
0.11
0.23
0.17
0.52
0.48
0.45
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.12
tack
Ts R
•F)
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
Square
oot of A
DP
0.66
0.57
0.49
0.24
0.00
0.33
0.48
0.41
0.72
0.69
0.67
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.35
C
ngle
o
50
53
64
75
85
67
50
48
45
50
51
70
85
80
60
45
tack Gas
Velocity
(fpm)
1457.20
1163.50
733.96
216.67
0.00
442.90
1053.56
942.89
1742.66
1522.00
1442.80
681.58
0.00
0.00
418.57
837.15
75.00
0.40
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm)
790.96
2484.89
2428.99
2392.56
21.00
0.00
79.00
1.50
0.99
28.84
28.68
24.00
3.14
-------
PLANT
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
RUN . .
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
STATIC PRESSURE (in H20)
OPERATOR
General Marbl e
3/04/92
Gel Coat Oven
1.00
70.00
29.62
0.20
DD
% 02
% CO 2
Out %N2
PERCENT MOISTURE IN STACK
MOLE FRAC of DRY STACK GAS
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT
STACK DIAMETER (IN)
STArK ARFA fin f 1 1
21.00
0.00
79.00
1.50
0.99
28.84
28.68
24.00
3.14
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Traverse
Point
Number
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Bl
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
Velocity
Head
DP (in H20)
0.51
0.55
0.52
0.32
0.03
0.22
0.51
0.64
0.56
0.65
0.52
0.34
0.06
0.44
0.52
0.50
Stack Square Stack Gas
Ts Root of Angle Velocity
(•F) DP C) (fptn)
75 0.71 46 1695.44
75 0.74 48 1695.97
75 0.72 52 1517.30
75 0.57 74 532.89
75 0.17 80 102.79
75 0.47 64 702.72
75 0.71 50 1568.84
75 0.80 48 1829.48
75 0.75 47 1744.23
75 0.81 50 1771.13
75 0.72 55 1413.58
75 0.58 65 842.20
75 0.24 83 102.02
75 0.66 64 993.79
75 0.72 53 1483.17
75 0.71 40 1851.25
AVERAGES
75.00
0.63
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm)
1240.43
3896.91
3809.25
3752.11
-------
PLANT . .
DATE
SAMPLING LC
RUN .
JCATION
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ...
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE . . .
STATIC PRESSURE (in H20)
OPERATOR
Traverse
Point
Number
General Marble
3/09/92
Spray Booth
1.00
70.00
29.62
0.00
DD
Velocity Stack
Head Ts
DP (in H20) CF)
% 02
% C02
%N2
PERCENT MOISTURE IN STACK
MOLE FRAC. of DRY STACK GAS . .
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT
STACK DIAMETER (IN)
STACK AREA (sq ft)
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT
Square Stack Gas Stack Gas
Root of Velocity Velocity
DP (fps) (fpm)
21.00
0.00
79.00
1.50
0.99
28.84
28.68
48.00
12.57
AVERAGES
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
AS
Bl
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
77
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.33
0.30
0.30
0.33
0.32
0.26
0.26
0.28
0.32
0.30
0.30
0.28
0.26
16.15
17.14
18.07
18.95
17.14
17.14
18.95
18.07
15.12
15.12
16.16
18.07
17.14
17.14
16.16
15.12
968.70
1028.42
1084.05
1136.96
1028.42
1028.42
1136.96
1084.05
906.98
906.98
969.60
1084.05
1028.42
1028.42
969.60
906.98
77.94
0.30
16.98
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm)
1018.56
12799.62
12437.20
12250.64
-------
PLANT .
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
RUN
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
STATIC PRESSURE (In H20)
OPERATOR . ...
General Marble
3/04/92
Curi ng Oven
1.00
70.00
29.62
0.20
DD
Out
% 02
% C02
%N2
PERCENT MOISTURE IN
MOLE FRAC. of
DRY MOLECULAR
WET MOLECULAR
STACK DIAMETER
STACK ARFA fsn
21 00
0 00
79 00
STACK 1 R(l
DRY STACK GAS 0 P9
WEIGHT
WEIGHT
(IN)
ft)
28 84
28.68
24.00
3.14
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Traverse
Point
Number
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Bl
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
Velocity
Head
DP (in H20)
0.53
0.57
0.50
0.36
0.00
0.21
0.46
0.66
0.54
0.69
0.55
0.40
0.10
0.34
0.41
0.46
Stack
Ts
CF)
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
Square
Root of Angle
DP (
0.73
0.75
0.71
0.60
0.00
0.46
0.68
0.81
0.73
0.83
0.74
0.63
0.32
0.58
0.64
0.68
')
50
50
55
65
80
60
55
50
40
55
60
70
85
80
65
40
Stack Gas
Velocity
(fpm)
1599.31
1658.56
1386.13
866.61
0.00
783 . 08
1329.53
1784.70
1923.88
1628.33
1267.30
739.28
94.19
346.05
924.84
1775.66
AVERAGES
75.00
0.62
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm)
1131.72
3555.39
3475.41
3423.28
-------
APPENDIX D
CALCULATIONS OF SAMPLING PARAMETERS (EPA)
dkd.196 D-l
Styrene.Fnl
-------
PLANT General Marble
DATE 5/27/92
SAMPLING LOCATION Gel Coat Oven In
RUN 1.00
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ... 70.00
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ... 29.62
STATIC PRESSURE (In H20) 0.20
OPERATOR BM/JB
% 02
% C02
%N2
PERCENT MOISTURE IN STACK...
MOLE FRAC. of DRY STACK GAS.
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT
STACK DIAMETER (IN)
STACK AREA (sq ft)
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Traverse Velocity Stack Square Stack Gas Stack Gas
Point Head Ts Root of Velocity Velocity
Number DP (in H20) (T) DP (fps) (fpm)
South 1
South 2
South 3
South 4
South 5
South 6
West 1
West 2
West 3
West 4
West 5
West 6
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.13
0.17
0.17
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
0.10
0.10
0.14
0.36
0.41
0.41
0.17
0.17
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.17
5.70
5.70
8.06
20.54
23.49
23.49
9.87
9.87
13.95
12.74
11.39
9.87
341.76
341.76
483.33
1232.25
1409.13
1409.13
591.95
591.95
837.15
764.21
683.53
591.95
Averages
75.00
0.23
12.89
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm)
773.18
2429.00
2374.36
2338.75
21.00
0.00
79.00
1.50
0.99
28.84
28.68
24.00
3.14
-------
PLANT General Marble
DATE 5/27/92
SAMPLING LOCATION Gel Coat Oven In
RUN 2.00
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ... 70.00
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ... 29.62
STATIC PRESSURE (in H20) 0.20
OPERATOR BM/JB
% 02
% C02
%N2
PERCENT MOISTURE IN STACK...
MOLE FRAC. of DRY STACK GAS.
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT
STACK DIAMETER (IN)
STACK AREA (sq ft)
CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Traverse Velocity Stack Square Stack Gas Stack Gas
Point Head Ts Root of Velocity Velocity
Number DP (in H20) fF) DP (fps) (fpm)
South 1
South 2
South 3
South 4
South 5
South 6
West 1
West 2
West 3
West 4
West 5
West 6
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.13
0.18
0.15
0.05
0.06
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.06
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
0.10
0.10
0.14
0.36
0.42
0.39
0.22
0.24
0.30
0.26
0.24
0.24
5.70
5.70
8.06
20.54
24.17
22.06
12.74
13.95
17.09
15.07
13.95
13.95
341.76
341.76
483.33
1232.25
1449.98
1323.65
764.21
837.15
1025.29
904.22
837.15
837.15
21.00
0.00
79.00
1.50
0.99
28.84
28.68
24.00
3.14
Averages
75.00
0.25
14.41
864.83
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm) 2716.93
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm) 2655.81
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm) 2615.98
-------
PLANT
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
RUN
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ...
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE . . .
STATIC PRESSURE (In H20)
OPERATOR
General Marbl e
5/27/92
Gel Coat Oven
3.00
70.00
29.62
0.20
BM/JB
In
% 02
% C02
%N2
PERCENT MOISTURE IN
21.00
0.00
79 00
STACK 1.50
MOLE FRAC. of DRY STACK GAS 0.99
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT
STACK DIAMETER (IN)
STACK ARFA (sn ftl
28.84
28.68
24 00
3 14
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Traverse
Point
Number
South 1
South 2
South 3
South 4
South 5
South 6
West 1
West 2
West 3
West 4
West 5
West 6
Averages
Velocity
Head
DP (in H20)
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.13
0.19
0.16
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
Stack
Ts
CF)
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75.00
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL
Square Stack Gas
Root of Velocity
DP (fps)
0.17 9.87
0.17 9.87
0.20 11.39
0.36 20.54
0.44 24.83
0.40 22.78
0.24 13.95
0.24 13.95
0.28 16.11
0.26 15.07
0.24 13.95
0.24 13.95
0.27 15.52
FLOW (acfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm)
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm)
Stack Gas
Velocity
(fpm)
591.95
591.95
683 . 53
1232.25
1489.72
1367.06
837.15
837.15
966.66
904.22
837.15
837.15
931.33
2925.85
2860.04
2817.14
-------
PLANT
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
RUN
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
STATIC PRESSURE (in H20)
OPERATOR . . .
Traverse
Point
Number
South 1
South 2
South 3
South 4
South 5
South 6
West 1
West 2
West 3
West 4
West 5
West 6
General Marble
5/27/92
Gel Coat Oven Out
1 00
70 00
29 62
0 20
BM/JB
% 02 21 00
% C02 0 00
%N2 79 . 00
PERCENT MOISTURE IN STACK 1.50
MOLE FRAC of DRY STACK GAS ... 0 99
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT 28 84
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT 28.68
STACK DIAMETER (IN) 24.00
STACK AREA (sq ft) .... 3.14
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Velocity Stack Square Stack Gas Stack Gas
Head Ts
DP (in H20) (T)
0.28
0.32
0.27
0.10
0.08
0.05
0.13
0.13
0.10
0.20
0.19
0.13
Root of Velocity Velocity
DP (fps) (fpm)
75 0.53 30.14 1808.45
75 0.57 32.22 1933.31
75 0.52 29.60 1775.86
75 0.32 18.01 1080.75
75 0.28 16.11 966.66
75 0.22 12.74 764.21 |
75 0.36 20.54 1232.25 |
75 0.36 20.54 1232.25
75 0.32 18.01 1080.75
75 0.45 25.47 1528.42
75 0.44 24.83 1489.72
75 0.36 20.54 1232.25
Averages
75.00
0.39
22.40
1343.74
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm) 4221.48
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm) 4126.52
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm) 4064.62
-------
PLANT
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
RUN ....
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE . . .
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE . . .
STATIC PRESSURE (in H20)
OPERATOR
General Marble
5/27/9?
Gel Coat
2
70
29
0
Oven Out
00
00
62
20
% 02
% C02
%N2
PERCENT MOTSTIIRF TN
STACK
MOLE FRAC. of DRY STACK GAS
BM/.1R
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT
STACK DIAMETER (IN)
STACK' ARFA fsn ft)
21.00
0 00
79 00
1.50
0.99
28.84
28.68
24 00
3.14
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Traverse
Point
Number
South 1
South 2
South 3
South 4
South 5
South 6
West 1
West 2
West 3
West 4
West 5
West 6
Averages
Velocity Stack
Head
Ts
DP (in H20) (T)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
33
25
09
06
05
13
13
11
21
18
13
75.
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
00
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL
STACK GAS STANDARD
STACK GAS STANDARD
Square Stack Gas
Root of Velocity
DP (fps)
0.53 30.14
0.57 32.72
0.50 28.48
0.30 17.09
0.24 13.95
0.22 12.74
0.36 20.54
0.36 20.54
0.33 18.89
0.46 26.10
0.42 24.17
0.36 20.54
0.39 22.16
FLOW (acfm)
VOL FLOW (scfm)
DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm)
Stack Gas
Velocity
(fpm)
1808
1963
1708
1025
837
764
1232
1232
1133
1566
1449
1232
1329
4176
4082
4021
45
29
82
29 |
15
21
25
25
50
16
98
25
47
64
69
45
-------
PLANT
DATE
SAMPLING LOCATION
RUN
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
STATIC PRESSURE (in H20)
OPERATOR
Traverse
Point
Number
South 1
South 2
South 3
South 4
South 5
South 6
West 1
West 2
West 3
West 4
West 5
West 6
General Marble
5/27/92
Gel Coat Oven
3 00
70 00
29 62
0 20
BM/JB
Velocity
Head
DP (in H20)
0.28
0.33
0.25
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.12
0.13
0.11
0.22
0.20
0.15
% 02 21.00
% C02 . 0.00
Out 7.N2 79.00
PERCENT MOISTURE IN STACK 1.50
MOLE FRAC of DRY STACK GAS 0.99
DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT .... 28.84
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT 28.68
STACK DIAMETER (IN) 24.00
STACK AREA (sq ft) ... 3.14
* CALCULATED VALUE (DO NOT INPUT)
Stack Square Stack Gas Stack Gas
Ts Root of Velocity Velocity
CF) DP (fps) (fpm)
75 0.53 30.14 1808.45
75 0.57 32.72 1963.29
75 0.50 28.48 1708.82
75 0.30 17.09 1025.29
75 0.24 13.95 837.15
75 0.22 12.74 764.21
75 0.35 19.73 1183.91
75 0.36 20.54 1232.25
75 0.33 18.89 1133.50
75 0.47 26.72 1603.02
75 0.45 25.47 1528.42
75 0.39 22.06 1323.65
Averages
75.00
0.39
22.38
1342.66
STACK GAS ACTUAL VOL FLOW (acfm) 4218.10
STACK GAS STANDARD VOL FLOW (scfm) 4123.21
STACK GAS STANDARD DRY VOL FLOW (dscfm) 4061.37
-------
APPENDIX E
STYRENE FIELD DATA SHEETS
dkd.1% E-l
Styrene.Fnl
-------
1 to wo r^
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-------
APPENDIX F
DAILY PRODUCTION LOG SHEETS
dkd.196 F-l
Styrene.Fnl
-------
Description/ Size
19
sfazsfi
72X37
•ft
o
Color
/7
/ft
r?
76
5
fcK
•1
KQ
%£L
-------
uat~
Description/Size
:^=^=
\^C\
Color
£
-------
-------
Date
Pounds
GENERAL MARBLE CASTING REPORT
Waste Shift
Amount
Description/Size
Color
j^£i
/fT)
s
{?*
t /
•H£*
n
r
f&Q
pr
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r1
r
2
<&£
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Date
GENERAL MARBLE CASTING REPORT
Waste Shift
Pounds
Amount
Description/Size
Color
V
77
; ft
A
n
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7T
ll-o
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-------
Date
GENERAL MARBLE CASTING REPORT
Waste shift
<>
Pounds
Amount
Description/ Size
Color
•y
'1^57 ft '
m
1
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2.
>
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