-New Source Performance Standards-
 Automobile Surface Coating
 Public
 Participation
                   The   promulgated
                   NSPS for automotive
                   surface coatings were
                   published  in   the
                   Federal  Register (45
                   FR 85410) on  Decem-
                   ber 24,  1980.   The
                   promulgated standards
                   reflect changes made
as a result of comments received from industry
representatives, coatings manufacturers, trade
and professional associations, state air pol-
lution control agencies.  The Background In-
formation Document (BID), "Automobile and
Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating Opera-
tions — Background  Information for Promul-
gated Standards," (EPA-450/3-79-030b) dis-
cusses these comments in detail and is avail-
able from the EPA Library (MD-35), Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, tele-
phone (919) 541-2777.  For further informa-
tion, contact Gene W. Smith, Chief, Standards
Preparation Section  (MD-13), U.S. Environ-
mental  Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone (919)
541-5421.
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                                                                      CT CD O) Q)
                        United States
                        Environmental Protection
                        Agency
                          Office of Air Quality
                          Planning and Standards
                          Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
           January 1981
                        New Source Performance Standards
oEPA
Automobile Surface Coatings
                        Final Regulation

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-New Source Performance Standards-
 Automobile Surface Coating
 Regulatory
 Authority
 The 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments call for
 a comprehensive national program to reduce
 air pollution and improve air quality. Section
 111 of the Act requires the U.S. Environ-
 mental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish
 nationwide  emission standards for selected
 new, modified and reconstructed stationary
 sources.  These New Source Performance
 Standards (NSPS) are intended to minimize
 new air pollution problems.  The NSPS for
 automobile and light duty truck surface coat-
 ing operations are discussed here.
 Emission
 Limits
                     On December 24,1980,
                     EPA published a final
                     regulation to reduce
                     emissions of volatile
                     organic   compounds
                     (VOC) from automo-
                     bile surface coating
                     operations.  VOC are
                     emitted  when surface
coatings cure (dry) after application.  VOC
react  in the atmosphere to form  photo-
chemical oxidants, pollutants that irritate the
respiratory system and damage plant tissue
and other  materials.  VOC are found in engine
exhausts, and in gasoline and surface coating
solvent vapors.   The regulation establishes
performance standards for new, modified, and
reconstructed automobile and  light-duty
truck surface coating operations within as-
sembly plants. Three major coating operations
in assembly plants—prime coat, guide coat,
and topcoat applications—will be covered by
the standards. The standards limit VOC emis-
sions in kilograms per liter of applied coating
solids as follows:  0.16 from  prime coat op-
erations; 1.40 from guide coat operations; and
1.47 from topcoat operations.
 Affected
 Sources
 NSPS for automotive surface coating opera-
 tions were proposed  on October 5, 1980.
 Almost 15 percenter 135,000 metric tons of
 VOC emissions from all industrial coating op-
 erations nationwide came from automotive
 surface coating operations in 1976.

 The standards for surface coating operations
 apply to all new, modified, and reconstructed
 automobile and light-duty truck surface coat-
 ing operations for which constructions began
 after October 5, 1979.  No existing plant
 would be covered by the NSPS unless it under-
                      goes either a modifi-
                      cation that increases
                      VOC emissions or is
                      reconstructed.  Opera-
                      tions for  coating all-
                      metal bodies or metal
                      bodies  with  plastic
                      parts attached are cov-
                      ered by the standards.
 However, operations for coating all  plastic
 bodies or body parts are not covered. Also
 exempt from the standards are modifcations
 required  by annual model changeovers.
 Control
 Options
                      The intent of the stand-
                      ards is to require use
                      of the best demonstra-
                      ted system of contin-
                      uous emission  reduc-
                      tion and control tech-
                      nology considering ec-
                      onomic, energy and
                      other impacts not di-
 rectly related to air quality.  VOC control
 technology for automobile surface coating op-
 erations include: (1) use of coatings contain-
 ing relatively low quantities of VOC; (2) use
 of improved painting methods such as electro-
 static spray; or (3) use of incineration, carbon
 adsorption  or other similar emission  con-
 trol devices. Any one or a combination  of
 these may be used to achieve the standards.
 For purposes of compliance, data calculated
 by Reference Method 24 (Determination of
 Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Den-
 sity, Volume Solids, and Weight Solids of Sur-
 face Coatings) or manufacturers formulation
 data will be used to determine the VOC con-
 tent of coating materials.  Reference Method
 25 (Determination of Total Gaseous Nonme-
 thane Organic Emissions as Carbon) will be
 used to determine the percentage reduction of
 VOC achieved by emission control devices.
 To facilitate enforcement of the standards,
 the owner or operator is required to conduct
 monthly performance tests and to report non-
 compliance by the tenth day of the following
 month.
 Impacts
 Environmental:  EPA estimates the standards
 will reduce VOC emissions by 4800 metric
 tons per year or 80  percent by 1983, com-
 pared to emission levels currently allowed by
 most states. This is based on estimates that
 four new assembly-line surface coating opera-
 tions will be constructed by 1983.  Water pol-
 lution  and solid waste impacts will be neg-
 ligible  compared to the amounts of each that
 are  normally  generated by existing plants.

 Energy:  Energy consumption at typical as-
 sembly plants will increase about 25 percent—
 the equivalent of 18,000 barrels of fuel oil  per
 year.  This corresponds to  a nationwide in-
 crease  of 72,000 barrels of fuel oil per year by
 1983.
                     Economic:   Capital
                     and  annual  costs of
                     automotive   surface
                     coating operations will
                     increase as a result of
                     the standards.  EPA
                     estimates the price of
                     an automobile or light-
                     duty truck will increase
 by less than 0.1  percent, spread over the
 entire production process. Control  costs for
 four new assembly lines planned by 1983 will
 increase by about $19 million, or 0.2 percent
 of the $10 billion planned for capital expen-
 ditures.

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