NERC-LV-539-2
OFF-SITE RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY
for the
CANNIKIN EVENT November 6, 1971
C. W. Fort and D. T. Wruble
Environmental Surveillance
National Environmental Research Center
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, Nevada
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding No. AT(26-l)-539
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United
States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States
Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their
contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty,
express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus,
product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe
privately-owned rights.
Available from the National Technical Information Service,
U. S. Department of Commerce,
Springfield, Va. 22151
Price: Paper copy $3.00; microfiche $.95.
OUl
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NERC-LV-539-2
OFF-SITE RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY
for the
CANNIKIN EVENT November 6, 1971
by
C. W. Fort and D. T. Wruble
Environmental Surveillance
Published September 1972
National Environmental Research Center
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, Nevada
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding No. AT(26-l)-539
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
-------
ABSTRACT
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted an off-site radiological
surveillance and public safety program in Alaska for the Cannikin Event, a
high yield underground nuclear weapon test conducted on Amchitka Island on
November 6, 1971. In addition to aerial and shipboard monitoring teams in
the Amchitka area, personnel were stationed at twenty-five communities on
Kodiak Island, the Alaska Peninsula, the Aleutian Island Chain, the Pribilof
Islands, and Anchorage to monitor environmental radioactivity levels if a radio-
active release occurred, and coordinate other public safety measures that
might be required. Air, water, milk, precipitation, vegetation, soil,
sediment, and marine foodstuff samples were also collected during the test
period. No radioactivity above usual background levels was observed, and
no public safety problems were encountered.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF TABLES iii
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. OPERATIONAL GUIDE 1
III. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES 2
A. Official Briefings 2
B. Community Information and Stand-by 3
C. Community Monitoring 4
D. Aerial Monitoring 4
E. Shipboard Monitoring 5
F. Human Surveillance 5
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE 5
A. Air Sampling 6
B. Gamma Rate Recorders 7
C. Dosimetry 7
D. Water and Snow Sampling 7
E. Milk Sampling 8
F. Vegetation and Soil Sampling 8
G. Marine Foodstuff Sampling 8
V. RESULTS 9
VI. SUMMARY 11
ALASKA AREA MAP 13
MAP KEY 14
DISTRIBUTION
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Summary of Air Particulate Sampling Results 15
Table 2. Summary of Atmospheric Moisture Sampling Results 16
Table 3. Summary of Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Results 17
Table 4. Summary of Milk Sampling Results 18
Table 5. Summary of Milk Cow Feed and Water Sampling Results 18
Table 6. Summary of Water and Snow Sampling Results 19
Table 7. Summary of Marine Foodstuff Sampling Results 21
Table 8. Summary of Vegetation Sampling Results 23
Table 9. Summary of Soil and Sediment Sampling Results 24
n'l
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I. INTRODUCTION
The Cannikin Event was a high yield underground nuclear weapon test conducted
by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission on Amchitka Island, a member of the Rat
Island group in the Aleutian Islands, at 1200 hours Bering Standard Time(BST)
on November 6, 1971. In accordance with a Memorandum of Understanding between
the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
the EPA National Environmental Research Center-Las Vegas (NERC-LV)*conducted an
off-site radiological surveillance and public safety program in Alaska for the
test. This report summarizes the activities of NERC-LV monitoring personnel,
describes the environmental monitoring program and presents the environmental
monitoring results.
II. OPERATIONAL GUIDE
In accordance with the AEC-EPA Memorandum of Understanding, the NERC-LV was
responsible to the AEC Test Manager for providing an off-site safety pro-
gram for the Cannikin Event as outlined in Chapter 0524, "AEC Standard
Operating Procedure, Nevada Test Site Organization." NERC-LV responsibilities
included:
1. Documenting the radiological situation in off-site areas
through comprehensive environmental sampling and radiation
monitoring.
2. Assuring continuous protection of public health and safety by deter-
mining potential and past radiation exposures, and implementing
protective measures as directed by the Test Manager.
3. Conducting a public contact and information program in the
off-site area to assure local residents that all reasonable
safeguards were being employed to protect public health and
property from test effects.
4. Collecting information regarding incidents which may be
attributed to the test.
*At the time this work was performed, the NERC-LV was named Western Environmental
Research Laboratory.
1
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For planning the Cannikin Event, the radiological safety criteria were as
described in the August 1, 1962 AEC Headquarters memorandum to the
Manager, AEC Nevada Operations Office:
"...the criterion shall be 3.9 Roentgens per year whole body
exposure including any exposure from non-weapons test activities
(but excluding background and medical x-rays). The criterion of
3.9 Roentgens is in the definite context used in the past, i.e.,
every reasonable effort should be made to keep the radiation ex-
posures as low as possible, but for planning purposes, if un-
anticipated yet credible circumstances could result in estimated
doses in excess of 3.9 Roentgens per year, then the detonation
should be postponed until more favorable conditions prevail.
Also, to avoid any given community receiving unusually high ex-
posures over a period of years, the guide shall be not more than
10 Roentgens in any consecutive 10-year period."
III. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
The NERC-LV surveillance program consisted of collecting a variety of en-
vironmental samples and radioactivity measurements at various locations in
Alaska before and after the Cannikin test. Air, water, milk, snow,
vegetation, soil, sediment and marine samples were collected. Radio-
activity measurements were made with survey instruments, recorders and
dosimeters. At the time of the test, monitoring personnel were stationed
at twenty-two Alaskan communities and three military bases. Seven
persons served on aircraft and sea vessels as monitors in the immediate
Amchitka Island area. Monitoring activities were coordinated by the
Project Officer in Anchorage and the Director of the NERC-LV served on the
Test Manager's Advisory Panel on Amchitka.
A. Official Briefings
In May 1971, the NERC-LV Director served on a briefing panel at open
meetings in Anchorage and Juneau to describe the surveillance program
of the NERC-LV to the Governor of Alaska, other State officials
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and Alaska residents. Additionally, a short movie film describing
the surveillance program was produced and made available to all
interested groups in Alaska. This film was requested and seen by
civic groups, schools, and service clubs in the state. In
August 1971, the NERC-LV Project Officer oresented a special briefing
on the surveillance plan to the Commissioners of the Alaska State
Departments of Environmental Conservation, Fish and Game, and
Health and Social Services. Just prior to event day, the Project
Officer and a NERC-LV staff member were members of a panel to brief
the Governor of Alaska. At the time of the test, a NERC-LV staff
member represented the EPA at the state capitol building in Juneau
to brief State officials on monitoring activities, and another
NERC-LV staff member was assigned to the AEC Anchorage Information
Center.
B. Community Information and Stand-by
Five weeks before the event, the NERC-LV Project Officer and an
AEC staff member began visiting inhabited locations on the
Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Island Chain to establish support
for NERC-LV monitors who would stand by at each location for the
event. This advance team also made arrangements for one of two
separate AEC/NERC-LV briefing teams to visit each community and
provide the residents with information regarding the Cannikin test.
The briefing teams presented movies about the test and conducted
question and answer periods. Generally, the briefing teams re-
mained overnight at each location.
About two weeks before the event, NERC-LV monitoring personnel were
on station at twenty-two communities representing all inhabited
locations from Chignik on the Alaska Peninsula to Attu at the
tip of the Aleutian Chain, as well as St. Paul and St. George in
the Pribilof Islands. Two monitors were also stationed at Old
Harbor and Akhiok on Kodiak Island several days prior to the event.
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An additional two monitors were stationed in Anchorage at event
time. The figure on page 13 shows these locations.
The monitors were responsible for radiological monitoring and
coordinating public safety and information activities at each
location. They were prepared to assist local residents in
moving to high ground should a tsunami occur, and each indivi-
dual was part of a two-way communications network (consisting
of both telephone and radio-telephone systems) that was tied in
to the Control Point on Amchitka Island. Information from the
Control Point was relayed to all locations simultaneously, with
the exception of Old Harbor and Akhiok. The monitors at these
two locations were on a separate link and were kept advised by an
AEC representative in Kodiak. Each monitor was equipped with
portable radiation detection instruments, dosimeters, air sampling
equipment and supplies for collection of other environmental
samples.
C. Community Monitoring
Upon arrival at their standby locations, the monitors made radi-
ation surveys in their communities and collected environmental samples
including potable water, vegetation, soil, and stream or lake sediment
samples. For radiation detection, each monitor was equipped with
two Geiger-Mueller survey instruments for measurements in the
background (0.01-0.02 mR/h) to 2 R/h range. All monitors had
three thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) to establish a fixed
dosimetry station, and film badges that would have been issued
to residents had venting of radioactivity occurred. All monitors
were also equipped with air samplers.
D. Aerial Monitoring
Aerial monitoring was performed by four monitors, two each aboard
Air Force C-130 aircraft. At event time, the two NERC-LV monitoring
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teams were airborne near surface ground zero and were prepared
to sample and track any airborne release of radioactivity. They
were equipped with survey instruments to measure radioactivity
levels and with air sampling equipment to collect particulate and
compressed air samples from aircraft air intakes. They also car-
ried counting equipment to perform on-board gross beta analysis
of the particulate filters, if required.
Following the detonation, sampling aircraft made low altitude passes over
surface ground zero to check for any airborne release of radioactivity.
No such release was detected and the aircraft were released from their
monitoring mission within two hours after the detonation.
E. Shipboard Monitoring
Three NERC-LV monitors were on board two naval vessels and a Coast
Guard vessel near Amchitka on event day. These monitors collected
air samples and marine water samples before and after the event,
and each monitor was equipped with radiation detection instru-
ments and dosimeters.
F. Human Surveillance
In cooperation with the Alaska Native Health Service, blood and
urine samples were collected by that group from about 50 Atka
residents several days prior to the event. The samples were
analyzed at the NERC-LV for 55Fe and tritium, respectively. No
post-event blood or urine samples were collected. Prior to event
day the NERC-LV monitor at Atka also obtained a whole-body count of
53 residents with a portable counting system to establish back-
ground gamma radionuclide body burden levels.
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE
For the Cannikin Event, various environmental samples were collected at
forty-four locations within Alaska. Depending upon the location such
samples included various combinations of air (particulate, gaseous and
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moisture), water, snow, vegetation, soil and sediment samnles. All samples
were returned to NERC-LV for analysis. Dosimetry stations were established at
sixteen locations about three months before the event to document background
environmental radiation levels. Dosimeters were exchanged monthly and read
at the NERC-LV Field Office in Anchorage.
A. Air Sampling
During August 1971, the Project Officer visited fifteen locations
in Alaska to install air sampling equipment and to brief local op-
erators on its use(see map p. 13). Air samplers consisted of an
electrically-driven positive displacement vacuum pump which pulled
air through a 4-inch diameter Gelman Type E glass fiber particulate
filter followed by an activated charcoal cartridge for collection
of reactive gases. Sampling rates were 8 to 10 cfm. Continuous
24-hour samples were collected by the station operators and mailed
to the NERC-LV for analysis. All stations operated for about four weeks
prior to the event. In addition to the fifteen regular air sampling
stations, air samples were collected at seven monitor stand-by
locations. Monitors at the remaining locations had air samplers and
would have begun samplinq had venting occurred.
Filters received an immediate gross beta count upon receipt at
the Center. Any sample indicating a count rate over 500 cpm
(approximately 1.5 pCi/m3 for a 24-hour sample) would have been
gamma scanned. Repeat beta counts were conducted on the fifth
and twelfth day after collection, and the results extrapolated
to estimate the activity at the mid-point of the collection
period. All charcoal cartridges received a 10-minute gamma scan
upon receipt at the NERC-LV. Had any scan indicated a net integrated
gamma count rate greater than 300 cpm, isotopic identification
would have been made.
Atmospheric moisture samples for tritium analysis were collected
at eight locations in Alaska before and after the test. These
samples were collected using molecular sieve samplers operated
over a two-hour period.
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B. Gamma Rate Recorders
Gamma rate recorders were operated at Cold Bay, Atka, Adak, Shemya
and St. Paul by NERC-LV monitors beginning on the morning of D-day and
continuing through H + 6 hours. The gamma rate recorder was a portable,
battery operated unit consisting of a Geiger-Mueller survey instrument
driving a Rustrak recorder. The instrument range was 0.01 mR/h to 2 R/h.
The unit was capable of operating continuously for ten days.
C. Dosimetry
Three thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) in sealed plastic bags
were mailed from the NERC-LV Field Office in Anchorage to each of the
regular air sampling stations at D-15 weeks. Upon arrival, the
TLD's were placed in the vicinity of the air samplers. These TLD's
were then exchanged on a monthly schedule. The last exchange was
made a few days before the event.
Each packet of TLD's sent to the station operators included a
control group of three TLD's that was returned immediately to the
Field Office for read-out. This procedure provided in-transit background
information for use in calculating the on-station TLD exposure.
Station dosimeters were also returned to the Field Office for read-out.
Extra TLD's were also issued to NERC-LV monitors before they left
Anchorage for their stand-by stations.
The TLD's used were EG&G TL-12 thermoluminescent CaF2:Mn dosimeters,
with a sensitivity range of approximately 5 mR to 5000 R for
external gamma measurements. The dosimeter response is energy
independent within +_ 14% for 70 keV to 1.25 MeV photons.
D. Water and Snow Sampling
One-gallon water samples were collected from potable water sup-
plies before and after the test at the regular air sampling
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stations and the stand-by locations. One-gallon samples of sea
water were collected by the NERC-LV monitors on board ships.
Snow samples were also collected at several locations before and
after the test. Each sample was analyzed for tritium, gross alpha
and beta activity, and each sample received a gamma scan.
E. Milk Sampling
Pre-event and post-event milk samples were collected from three
Grade-A dairies in the Palmer area near Anchorage. These samples
represented the only commercial milk producing area in Alaska.
Water and milk-cow feed samples were also collected at these
dairies. Each milk sample was analyzed for strontium and tritium,
and each received a gamma scan. Water samples were analyzed as
above, and the feed samples received a gamma scan and tritium
analysis.
F. Vegetation and Soil Sampling
Natural vegetation and soil samples were collected several days
prior to the test at twenty-two of the communities at which NERC-LV
monitors were stationed. Vegetation was collected from a one-
square-foot area. Two soil samples within this same area were
also collected. The first sample consisted of the first one inch
from the surface, and the second sample included the next two
inches. Sediment samples were also collected at the standby lo-
cations from streams or lakes. Each soil, sediment and vegetation
sample received a gamma scan and tritium analysis.
G. Marine Foodstuff Sampling
Pre-event marine foodstuff samples, including salmon, crab, scallop,
cod, halibut and shrimp, were collected from commercial fishing areas
off the Alaska and Washington coasts. These samples were provided
from stored inventories by the National Canners Association office
in Seattle, Washington. Additionally, marine samples collected near
8
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Amchitka by the University of Washington during the immediate pre-event
and post-event periods were sent to the NERC-LV for analysis. All samples
were analyzed for tritium. Samples that weighed more than 50 gm were
gamma scanned, and 90Sr analysis was performed on at least one
sample from selected locations.
Samples consisting of fresh whole fish, eviscerated with heads and tails
removed, including salmon, halibut and cod, were ground in preparation
for analysis. Samples consisting of canned products, including shrimp,
salmon and crab, were analyzed without separate preparation. Only
the edible portions of fresh crab and scallop were analyzed.
Post-event marine foodstuff representing the commercial fishing areas in
Alaska will be sent to the NERC-LV once these samples are available. The
analytical results of these samples will not appear in this report since
the samples will not be collected prior to the summer or fall of 1972.
A supplementary report of these analytical results will be issued.
V. RESULTS
The NERC-LV aerial tracking team did not detect an airborne release of radio-
activity from surface ground zero. A comparison of the analytical data of
pre-event and post-event environmental samples shows no change in environ-
mental radioactivity levels. A summary of all environmental sampling and
dosimetry data is given in Tables 1 through 9. A detailed listing of all
sample analyses can be obtained in a separate appendix to this report,
NERC-LV-539-3, by writing to the Director, National Environmental Research
Center, P. 0. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89114.
Initial gross beta counts of particulate air filters showed no filters to
have gross beta activities in excess of 500 cpm, the level which would
indicate the possible presence of fresh fission products. For this reason,
the filters were not gamma scanned. A charcoal cartridge was run with
each particulate filter, and these received a gamma scan. No cartridge
showed detectable amounts of fission products. A summary of particulate
gross beta concentrations is given in Table 1.
The tritium levels in atmospheric moisture at all sampling locations are
considered normal. Results are summarized in Table 2. The pre-event and
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post-event samples from Adak had slightly higher tritium levels than both
the pre-event and post-event samples observed at other locations, but no
explanation for this difference is available at this time. Further
sampling at Adak is planned in an attempt to verify these data.
The dosimetry data show a consistent exposure rate during the approximately
17-week exposure period. Average daily exposure rates for the entire period
are given in Table 3.
Analytical results of milk samples collected in the Palmer area before and
after the event are comparable. The data are summarized in Table 4. Data
from milk cow feed and water samples collected with each milk sample are
presented in Table 5. Continuing milk data are available through the EPA
Pasteurized Milk Network sampling and analysis program. Results are
regularly reported in Radicution Vata and Rzpofcti, (formerly Radio to Q-ic-cUL
Health Data and Repoixt6).
The gamma scans of all water samples collected at the stand-by locations
and the regular air sampling locations were negative for fresh fission
products. The maximum tritium concentration in water was 1000 pCi/1 in
a sample collected near Palmer. No snow samples produced positive gamma
scans, and the maximum tritium concentration was 500 pCi/1 in a sample
collected at Soldotna prior to the event. Analytical results are sum-
marized in Table 6.
At this time, post-event results are available only for marine foodstuff
samples collected near Amchitka. Post-event samples from the pre-event
sampling locations will be analyzed as they become available from normal
commercial fishing activities during 1972. A supplementary report will
be issued with these post-event data. The post-event Amchitka samples
analyzed by NERC-LV do not show increased levels of tritium or the presence
of any fresh fission products.- Data are summarized in Table 7.
Each vegetation sample collected at the monitor stand-by locations was
analyzed for tritium and given a gamma scan. Tritium levels for all
samples are at background concentrations, as shown in Table 8. Cesium-137
10
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was detected in samples from all locations with the exception of St. Paul.
A type of vegetation collected at several locations appeared to contain
137Cs levels generally higher than other types sampled. This type of
vegetation was not identified by name although it was described as a lush,
matted, moss-like vegetation. The maximum 137Cs level observed
(3400 pCi/kg) came from this type vegetation in a sample collected at Attu.
Results for stream- or lake-bottom sediments and for soil samples collected
at each vegetation sampling site are given in Table 9.
A discussion of the results of urine and blood analysis and whole-body
counting of Atka residents is to be presented in a separate report being
prepared at the NERC-LV. Generally, the Atka urine tritium levels are com-
parable to those found in families living in rural areas of Nevada. The
maximum level observed was 9400 pCi/1. The lowest concentration was <310 pCi/1
Cesium-137 levels in Atka residents, as measured by whole-body counting, were
found to be higher than in the Nevada Test Site area, but lower than levels
observed in villages in the Arctic regions of Alaska. The highest 137Cs
body burden observed was 0.5 nCi/kg body weight which is estimated to give
not more than about 4 mrad per year. The lowest body burden observed was
0.1 nCi/kg body weight.
Iron-55 levels in the blood of Atka residents appeared comparable(mean of 9
pCi/ml) to levels reported by Langford and Jenkins for Kotzebue residents
*
in 1969. It is estimated that the maximum dose to the Atka resident
having the highest 55Fe concentration is less than 1 mrad per year.
VI. SUMMARY
The environmental sampling and analysis performed by NERC-LV for the Cannikin
Event indicated no release of radioactivity to the environment. The sur-
veillance program consisted of radiation monitoring on the ground and in
the air using portable survey instruments, and the collection and analysis
*Langford, J. C. and C. E. Jenkins, "The Latitudinal Variations of 55Fe
in Man and Cattle," HzaUh ?hy&ic£t 21:71-77 (1971).
11
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of air, water, precipitation, milk, vegetation, soil, sediment and marine
foodstuff samples. Additionally, dosimetry stations provided integrated
gamma radiation exposure levels at sixteen locations in Alaska. Pre-event
blood and urine samples were collected from Atka residents, and whole-body
counts of these residents were obtained prior to the event.
NERC-LV monitors were on standby at various locations on the Alaska
Peninsula, the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof Islands and Kodiak Island
beginning about two weeks prior to the event. Each monitor had dosimeters,
portable survey instruments, air samplers and supplies for the collection
of other environmental samples.
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ARCTIC OCEAN
ALASKA
FAIRBANKS
^iUNALAKLEET
BETHEL fct
M
}\ HOMER
C^\
*
KETCHIKAN^
PACIFIC OCEAN
ST PAUL r'/0* KING SALMON
/,» ST. GEORGE
'4NOS J
^AMCHITKA COLD
100 200 300 400
STATUTE MILES
-« O STANDBY LOCATIONS ( REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PAGE FOR MAP KEY)
NERC-LV SURVEILLANCE STATIONS FOR THE CANNIKIN EVENT OPERATED BY LOCAL INDIVIDUALS
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MAP KEY
Standby Locations of NERC-LV Personnel on Event Day.
Location
Anchorage
Old Harbor
Akhiok
Chignik
Chignik Lagoon
Chignik Lake
Perryville
Ivanof Bay
Nelson Lagoon
Sand Point
Squaw Harbor
Cold Bay
King Cove
Map Key No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Location
Belkofski
False Pass
Pauloff Harbor
Akutan
Unalaska
Nikolski
Atka
Adak
Shemya
Attu
St. Paul
St. George
Map Key No.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
14
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Table 1. Summary of Air Participate Sampling Results.
Sampling
Location
Adak
Anchorage
Bethel
Cordova
Homer
Annette
King Salmon
Kodiak
Nome
Palmer
Atka
Seward
Shemya
Sitka
St. Paul
Unalakleet
Dutch Harbor
Cold Bay
Yakutat
Attu
Sand Point
Nikolski
Sampling
Period
1971
10/18-11/06
9/14-11/24
9/14-11/19
9/14-11/20
9/16-11/17
9/14-11/20
9/16-11/20
9/14-11/20
9/15-11/19
9/14-11/20
10/26-11/07
9/14-11/16
10/27-11/07
9/14-11/14
10/26-11/08
11/17-11/20
10/12-11/16
9/14-11/20
9/14-11/20
10/23-11/09
10/28-11/08
10/23-10/29
Number
of Samples
Collected
14
23
31
35
49
37
35
34
33
37
12
32
11
31
13
31
23
49
36
9
5
6
Range of Gross Beta
Concentrations(pCi/m3)
<0. 1-0.1
<0. 1-0.1
<0. 1-0.1
<0.1-0.2
<0.1-0.2
<0.1-0.2
<0. 1-0.1
<0.1-0.2
<0.1-0.2
<0.1-0.3
<0. 1-0.1
<0.1-0.2
<0. 1-0.1
<0.1-0.2
<0.1a
<0.1-0.2
<0. 1-0.3
<0.1-0.2
<0.1-0.2
<0.1a
<0.1a
<0.1a
All results <0.1 pCi/m3
15
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Table 2. Summary of Atmospheric Moisture Sampling Results.
Sampl i ng
Location
Adak
Amchitka
USCG Confidence3
USS Thomas3
Anchorage
Atka
Homer
Palmer
Seward
Shemya
St. Paul
3H Range
(pCi/ml water)
2.1 -3.5
0.58-1.1
<0.4 -0.41
0.47b
0.83-0.85
<0.4 -0.49
1.0 -1.1
1.1 -1.2
0.78-0.92
0.84-1.4
3H Range
(pCi/m3 air)
2.0 -4.9
c
<0.5 -0.49
0.40b
1.2d
0.44d
0.49d
0.89-0.94
0.93-1.0
c
3Samples collected on sea vessels in Amchitka area.
One sample only.
Concentration per m3 air could not be calculated from either one or both
values in adjacent column because psychrometric information was not
available.
Two samples collected from each location; however, psychrometric information
was available for only one sample at each location, allowing only a single
calculation.
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Table 3. Summary of Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Results.
Station
Location
Adak
Anchorage
Bethel
Cordova
Homer
Annette
King Salmon
Kodiak
Nome
Palmer
Seward
Sitka
Unalakleet
Dutch Harbor
Cold Bay
Yakutat
Number of Exposure Average Expo-
Exchanges Period sure(mR/day)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
2
3
4
7/29-11/30
7/27-11/29
7/24-11/19
7/26-11/22
7/26-11/24
7/24-11/22
7/25-11/26
7/26-11/22
7/26-10/5, 10/28-11/26
7/27-11/23
7/26-11/22
7/26-11/20
7/28-10/29
7/28-8/30, 10/28-11/27
7/26-10/28
7/26-11/20
0.25
0.31
0.28
0.33
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.30
0.27
0.30
0.31
0.28
0.31
0.32
0.28
0.36
Exposure
Ranqe(mR/day)
0.17-0.35
0.28-0.33
0.22-0.31
0.23-0.38
0.21-0.37
0.20-0.38
0.29-0.34
0.21-0.42
0.23-0.31
0.20-0.37
0.21-0.38
0.22-0.33
0.24-0.36
0.31-0.33
0.20-0.35
0.33-0.40
17
-------
Table 4. Summary of Milk Sampling Results.
Sampling
Location
Radioactivity Range in Milk (pCi/1)
3H 137Cs 89Sr 90Sr
Muth Farm, Palmer
Wei land Farm, Palmer
Wright Farm, Palmer
<37Q-71Q
770-950
<330-530
<10a
10-10
10-10
<3-3
<2-5
3-4
4-7
2-3
6-7
All samples less than the minimum detectable activity.
Table 5. Summary of Milk Cow Feed and Water Sampling Results.
Sampling
Location
Muth Farm, Palmer
Wei land Farm, Palmer
Wright Farm, Palmer
Radioactivity Ranqe in Feed(pCi/kq) Water(pCi/l)
3H ' 137Cs ~ 3H Gross B
< 50-100
310-590
<200-420
ND-110
ND-40 a
100-100a
<320b
600-1000
<320b
<3.2b
<3.3b
<3.2b
ND - Not detected
aBackground levels of 95Zr and 106Ru also detected in some (or all) samples,
All samples less than the minimum detectable activity.
18
-------
Table 6. Summary of VJater and Snow Sampling Results.
Sampling
Location
Adak
Akhiok
Akutan
Amchitka
USS Cochrane
USCG Confidence
USS Thomas
Anchorage
Anchor Point
Annette
Atka
Attu
Attu
Belkofski
Bethel
Chignik
Chignik Lagoon
Chignik Lake
Cold Bay
Cordova
Dutch Harbor
False Pass
Homer
Homer
Ivanoff Bay
Ivanoff Bay
King Cove
King Salmon
Kodiak(Woody Island)
Kodiak
Moose Pass
Type
Sample
D
D
D
M
M
M
D
S
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
S
D
S
D
D
D
D
S
3H Range
(pCi/1)
<330-330
<340-460
<330-440
i
<320d
<340b
<340b
<310-790
<320d
<340b
<340b
<320-340
<330d
<330-410
<340-370
<350-550
<350b
<350-420
<330-520
<340b
<330b
<330-390
<330b
<310d
<31 0-380
<330-370
<330b
<340b
<330-410
<310d
<300d
Gross Beta Range
(pCi/1)
4-6
< 3.2b
< 3.2b
310b
280-320
180-230
< 3.2b
8d
4-8
< 3.2-4
< 3.2b
6d
< 3.1-6
< 3.2b
< 3.1b
< 3.2b
< 3.2b
< 3.2-6
< 3.1-3
< 3.3b
< 3.2b
< 3.2b
< 3.1d
< 3.2b
19-31
<3.1b
< 3.2b
< 3.2-5
6d
6d
19
-------
Table 6. Summary of Water and Snow Sampling Results(continued)
Sampling
Location
Nikolski
Nome
Old Harbor
Palmer
Palmer
Pauloff Harbor
Perryville
Sand Point
Sand Point
Seward
Seward
Shemya
Sitka
Soldo tna
Squaw Harbor
St. George
St. Paul
Unalakleet
Unalaska
Yakutat
a D=Domestic water
All samples less
c Samples collected
Type
Sampl
D
D
D
D
S
D
D
D
S
D
S
D
D
S
D
D
D
D
D
D
3H Range
ea (pCi/1)
<330-410
510-660
<340b
<330b
<320b
<330b
330-350
<330-350
<310d
<330b
<310d
<370b
<330b
<31 0-500
<340-450
<330b
420-510
610-640
<340b
<340b
Gross Beta Range
(pCi/1)
< 3.2-4
< 3.2-4
< 3.2b
< 3.2
22G
< 3.2b
< 3.2b
< 3.2b
14d
< 3.2b
6d
< 3.3b
< 3.1b
3-5
5-6
7e
< 3.3b
< 3.2b
< 3.2b
<3.2b
supply; S=Snow; M=Sea water.
than minimum detectable activity.
by sea
vessels in Amchitka area.
Two samples with identical results.
20
-------
Table 7. Summary of Marine Foodstuff Sampling Results.
Sampling
Location
Type
3H Range 90Sr Range
(pCi/kg wet weight)(pCi/kg wet weight)
Anacortes, Washington
Bellingham, Washington
La Conner, Washington
Akutan, Alaska
Amchitka, Alaska
Annette, Alaska
Egegik (Bristol Bay)
False Pass
King Cove
Kodiak
Mountain Village
(Yukon River)
Naknek(Bristol Bay)
Nushagak (Bristol Bay)
King Salmon
Red Salmon
Silver Salmon
Red Salmon
Silver Salmon
Pink Salmon
King Salmon
Red Salmon
Silver Salmon
Pink Salmon
<200e
:200-220
=200-280
NA
NA
<13L
King Crab
King Salmon
Chum Salmon
Pink Salmon
Red Salmon
King Crab
Cod
Halibut
Pink Salmon
Chum Salmon
Red Salmon
Red Salmon
Pink Salmon
Red Salmon
Pink Salmon
King Crab
Shrimp
King Crab
Red Salmon
Pink Salmon
Chum Salmon
Shrimp
Snow Crab
King Salmon
Chum Salmon
Red Salmon
Chum Salmon
King Salmon
Red Salmon
Chum Salmon
<300U
<200-440
<200-480
<200a
<300a
<200a
<300a
400-540
<200-300
<1 00-330
< 9U
NA
<17b
NA
<17b
NA
-------
Table 7. Summary of Marine Foodstuff Sampling Results (continued).
Sampling
Location
Seward
Sitka
, 3H Range 90Sr Range
^ (pCi/kg wet weight) (pCi/kg wet weight)
Scallop <300b < 8b
King Salmon <300a
-------
Table 8. Summary of Vegetation Sampling Results.
Samp! i ng
Location
Akhiok
Akutan
Attu
Belkofski
Chignik Lagoon
Chignik Lake
Cold Bay
False Pass
Ivanoff Bay
King Cove
Nikolski
Old Harbor
Paul off Harbor
Perryville
Sand Point
Shemya
Squaw Harbor
St. George
St. Paul
Unalaska
3H Concentration
(pCi/kg wet weight)
<200
<300
<200
<200
<200
<200
<200
<200
<200
<200
<200
<100, <200
420
<100, <300
<200
230
<200
<200
<200
<300
137Cs Concentration
(pCi/kg wet weight)
2600
860
3400
330
1900
2200
1200
390
2200
1000
360
440, 370
90
440, 550
2500
320
500
480
ND
450
ND - Not detected.
23
-------
Table 9. Summary of Soil and Sediment Sampling Results.
Sampling
Location
Akhiok
Akutan
Akutan
Atka
Atka
Attu
Attu
Belkofski
Belkofski
Chignik
Chignik
Chignik Lagoon
Chignik Lagoon
Chignik Lake
Chignik Lake
Cold Bay
False Pass
Ivanoff Bay
Ivanoff Bay
King Cove
Nikolski
Nikolski
Old Harbor
Pauloff Harbor
Pauloff Harbor
Perry ville
Perryville
Sand Point
Sand Point
Shemya
Type 3H(pCi/kg
Sample wet weight)
Top one inch
Soil
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Soil
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
<300
<300
<100
<200
320
410
52
<100
<200
300
<100
< 90
< 60
<200
<100
<100
<200
<200
<200
<100
<200
<200
<200a
<200
<200
< 60a
< 70
<200
260
<200
3H(pCi/kg 137Cs(pCi/kg
wet weight) wet weight)
Next two inches Top one inch
<200
<200
-
<200
-
<300
-
<100
-
<100
-
< 60
-
<100
-
<100
<200
< 40
-
<100
<200
-
<200a
<200
_
62, <20
-
<300
-
38
2.8
2.0
0.39
1.0
0.27
4.3
0.78
0.50
0.16
9.6
0.14
2.0
0.14
2.0
0.55
1.5
2.4
1.5
0.23
0.22
1.4
1.0
2.2, 2.5
1.4
0.35
1.4, 0.82
0.15
2.3
0.72
0.26
137Cs(pCi/kg
wet weight)
Next 2 inches
0.40
1.5
-
0.54
-
0.21
-
0.12
-
2.4
-
1.2
-
0.16
-
2.0
0.29
0.63
-
0.02
0.73
_
1.1, 1.5
1.6
_
0,62, 0.3
-
0.2
-
0.05
24
-------
Table 9. Summary of Soil and Sediment Sampling Results(continued).
Sampling
Location
Squaw Harbor
Squaw Harbor
St. George
St. George
St. Paul
St. Paul
Unalaska
Unalaska
Type 3H(pCi/kg
Sample wet weight)
Top one inch
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
Soil
Sediment
<100
220
<200
< 70
89
< 40
<200
<100
3H(pCi/kg
wet weight)
Next two inches
160
-
<200
-
<200
-
<200
-
137Cs(pCi/kg
wet weight)
Top one inch
0.35
0.10
0.60
0.37
1.3
0.23
1.5
0.66
137Cs(pCi/kg
wet weight)
Next 2 inches
0.28
-
0.15
-
0.63
-
1.5
-
Sampling performed on two separate occasions.
25
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DISTRIBUTION
1 - 15 National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
16 Mahlon E. Gates, Manager, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
17 Robert H. Thalgott, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
18 Henry G. Vermillion, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
19 Chief, NOB/DNA, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
20 Robert R. Loux, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
21 Donald W. Hendricks, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
22 Technical Library, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
23 Mail & Records, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
24 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
25 Director, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
26 John S. Kelley, DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
27 Harold F. Mueller, ARL/NOAA, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
28 Gilbert J. Ferber, ARL/NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland
29 Stanley M. Greenfield, Assistant Administrator for Research & Monitoring,
EPA, Washington, D.C.
30 William D. Rowe, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation Programs,
EFA, Rockville, Maryland
31 Dr. William A. Mills, Dir., Div. of Criteria & Standards, Office of
Radiation Program, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
32 Ernest D. Harward, Acting Director, Division of Technology Assessment,
Office of Radiation Program, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
33 Bernd Kahn, Chief, Radiochemistry & Nuclear Engineering, NERC, EPA,
Cincinnati, Ohio
34 - 35 Charles L. Weaver, Director, Field Operations Division, Office of
Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
36 Gordon Everett, Director, Office of Technical Analysis, EPA,
Washington, D.C.
37 Kurt L. Feldmann, Managing Editor, Radiation Data & Reports, ORP, EPA,
Rockville, Maryland
38 Regional Administrator, EPA, Region IX, San Francisco, California
39 Regional Radiation Representative, EPA, Region IX, San Francisco, California
40 Eastern Environmental Radiation Laboratory, EPA, Montgomery, Alabama
-------
DISTRIBUTION (Continued)
41 Library, EPA, Washington, D.C.
42 William C. King, LLL, Mercury, Nevada
43 James E. Carothers, LLL, Livermore, California
44 Roger E. Batzel, LLL, Livermore, California
45 William E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
46 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
47 Arden E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, Nevada
48 Savino W. Cavender, REECo, Mercury, Nevada
49 Charles F. Bild, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
50 Robert H. Wilson, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
51 Richard S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
52 Frank E. Abbott, USAEC, Golden, Colorado
53 John M. Ward, President, Desert Research Institute, University of
Nevada, Reno
54 - 55 Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (for public
availability).
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