NERC-LV-539-22
STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S
NEVADA TEST SITE EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY HERD
January 1, 1969 - December 31, 1970
, '
,
Donald D. Smith, D.V.M.
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
National Environmental Research Center
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, Nevada
Published June 1973
This study performed under a f" lorandum of
Understanding No. AT(26-l}-539
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the
United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United
States Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor
any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes
any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability
or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of
any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights.
Available from the National Technical Information Service,
U. S. Department of Commerce,
Springfield, VA. 22151
Price: paper copy $5.45; microfiche $1.45.
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NERC-LV-539-22
STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S
NEVADA TEST SITE EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY HERD
January 1, 1969 - December 31, 1970
by
Donald D. Smith, D.V.M.
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
National Environmental Research Center
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, NV 89114
Published June 1973
This study performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding No. AT(26-l)-539
for the
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
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ABSTRACT
The Environmental Protection Agency's National Environmental Research
Center, Las Vegas, maintains an experimental dairy herd in Area 15 of the
Nevada Test Site. The status of this herd, for the period January 1, 1969
through December 31, 1970, is described. The report lists changes and
improvements made on the facilities; presents herd and individual produc-
tion and reproduction statistics; details health problems and treatments;
and summarizes the metabolism, field, and "ad hoc" research studies that
involved the dairy herd.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 11
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES HI
INTRODUCTION 1
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT 2
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 3
General Information 3
Production 6
Reproduction 7
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY 11
EXPERIMENTAL PARTICIPATION OF THE DAIRY HERD 13
Shimoda - May 13 - June 2, 1969 15
Wolf I - July 24 - July 28, 1969 15
Plum - August 13 - August 25, 1969 16
Endpoint - August 27, 1969 16
Thai 1 us I - September 15 - October 14, 1969 17
Wolf II - October 29, 1969 - January 12, 1970 18
Rims I - December 9, 1969 - January 5, 1970 IB
Lightwater I - December 22, 1969 - May 25, 1970 19
Thai!us II - January 9 - April 1, 1970 20
Rims II - February 10 - February 28, 1970 20
Wolf III - March 3 - April 1, 1970 21
Beryl - April 27 - May 18, 1970 21
Rubi - June 15 - July 27, 1970 22
Quicksilver - August 3 - September 16, 1970 23
Washout - September 29 - October 19, 1970 24
Ferric - October 19 - December 31, 1970 25
Baneberry Event - December 18 - December 31, 1970 26
REFERENCES 28
APPENDICES 29
DISTRIBUTION
ii
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Selected Nutritional Components of Feed Fed to 5
Dairy Herd
2. Twins Born into Experimental Dairy Herd 9
May 1964 - December 1970
3. Projects Involving the Dairy Herd 14
January 1, 1969 - December 31, 1970
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1. Location of Environmental Protection Agency's
Facilities on the Nevada Test Site
m
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INTRODUCTION
The National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas of the Environmental
Protection Agency has maintained an experimental dairy herd in Area 15 of
the Nevada Test Site since 1964. Previous reports have detailed the
establishment of the experimental farm' ', the status of the herd from
May 22, 1964 to July 1, 1966^, and from July 1, 1966 through
December 31, 1968* '. Also published were annual reports on agronomic
(4 c\
aspects of the farm* * J. Details of the history of the farm and herd,
of the management methods, and of the experimental operating procedures
were discussed in these reports* ~ .
This report presents information and data on production, reproduction,
veterinary medicine, and experimental involvement of the dairy herd during
the period January 1, 1969 through December 31, 1970. Also mentioned
are changes in herd management and facility improvements.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
There were no major additions to or modifications of the basic facilities
and equipment at Area 15 as described in previous reports* . Minor
improvements of the barn during 1969 and 1970 included the repainting of
the interior walls of the milking parlor and sample room, the resurfacing
of the floors of the metabolism area with a nonskid sand-epoxy mixture,
and the pouring of a concrete approach slab at the entrance of the holding pens,
The green chop feed bunks were lowered and widened to allow easier feeding
and to decrease feed loss. The wooden posts of the exercise lots were set
in concrete and painted with linseed oil to increase their useful life.
1
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The cow lots were scanned periodically with an electromagnet for the
removal of wire, nails and other metallic debris.
A 60 kv transformer was installed in the Quonset area so that electrical
service could be provided to the storage Ouonset and to the gasoline tank.
Annual maintenance inspections of the milking system were performed by a
factory representative of Babson Brothers.
The Area 6, Well 3 barn and corrals were modified to provide a facility
for necropsies and metabolism studies. The remodeling included the
removal of the original milking stanchions, the rewiring of the electrical
system and addition of a larger transformer panel, the addition of a
restroom and shower, and the construction of four metabolism stalls.
Additional concrete pads were poured at the entrances to the necropsy
room and under the waterers in the lots. The wooden mangers were
removed and replaced with mangers fabricated from 60 foot 3/8-inch
steel tanks. The wooden corral gates were replaced with custom 1/2-inch
pipe gates.
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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
General Information
As of December 31, 1970, there were 28 mature Holsteins and 5 mature Jersey
cows in the dairy herd (see Appendix I). Four cows remained of the original
herd of 17 cows purchased in 1964. The five Jersey cows were purchased from
the Mill's Jersey Farm of Fallen, Nevada, on November 6, 1969. During 1969
and 1970, 14 Hoi stein cows and one Hoi stein bull entered the herd from the
replacement breeding program. Twelve animals were removed from the herd
through terminal experiments or from death through natural causes.
The lactating cows, the breeding bull, and newborn calves were maintained
at the Area 15 facilities. Nonlactating cows, weaned calves, and replace-
ment heifers were maintained at the Well 3, Area 6 facilities. Figure 1
shows the location of these facilities on the Nevada Test Site.
Milking procedures followed those generally used by commercial dairies in
the intermountain area, except that the cows were milked at 9- and 15-hour
intervals to reduce labor requirements. Also bucket milkers were used
rather than a pipe-line system in order that individual milk samples
could be collected without cross-contamination and to document individual
production data. The record keeping and the routine and experimental milking
(2}
procedures were detailed previously .
The dairy cows were maintained in the lots and were not allowed to graze.
All forage was brought to them in the form of alfalfa or rye green chop
(raised on the Area 15 farm) or as alfalfa hay (purchased or raised at
Area 15)* . In addition to the roughage, the lactating cows were fed
commercial 14% protein supplement at each milking. Table 1 presents
selected nutritional components of feed fed to the dairy cows. Details
(2 3}
on feeding procedures were published previously* '.
3
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RANIER
MESA RD
EXPERIMENTAL FARM
\BUCKBOARD
MESA RD.
BUFFER ZONE
NUCLEAR ROCKET
DEVELOPMENT STATION
I NRDS
BUFFER I
ZONE
JACKASS
FLATS
RD.
MERCURY
TONOPAH 140 MILES
LAS VEGAS
65 MILES
Figure 1. Location of Environmental Protection Aqencv facilities on
the Nevada Test Site.
4,
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Table 1. Selected Nutritional Components of Feed Fed to Dairy Herd
Type and
Source of Feed
Date of Analysis
Alfalfa Hay -
Area 15 Mar. 1969
Purchased Alfalfa
Hay - 01 of Barnard
Mar. 1969
Commercial Concen-
trate supplement
Mar. 1969
Commercial Concen-
trate supplement
June 1969
Alfalfa Hay -
Area 15 Feb. 1970
Purchased Alfalfa
Hay - Ron Floyd
Feb. 1970
Commercial Concen-
trate supplement
Feb. 1970
01
h
Protein
15.2
17.5
16.6
16.2
19.4
17.4
15.3
%
Fat
1.5
1.6
N/A
3.5
1.6
1.3
3.4
%
Fiber
23.8
26.9
N/A
4.9
23.7
25.7
5.8
%
Calcium
1.1
1.1
N/A
1.6
1.8
2.2
0.7
%
Phosphorous
0.3
0.3
N/A
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.5
ppm
Cobalt
3.0
2.0
N/A
N/A
2.5
2.0
2.5
pnm
Copper
11.0
16.0
N/A
N/A
15.0
18.5
22.6
ppm
Manganese
24.0
25.0
N/A
N/A
33.0
42.3
177.0
ppm
Molybdenum
5.0
4.0
N/A
N/A
7.0
7.4
N/A
1
ppm
Iodine
<1.0
8.0
4.0
<1.0
280
260
<1.0
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Production
Between January 1, 1969, and December 31, 1970, there were 47 complete
lactations recorded (see Appendix II). The production averages were as
follows: Length of lactation, 272 days; milk production, 13,333 pounds;
butterfat percentage, 3.9%; and butterfat production, 520 pounds. These
production figures were similar to those recorded for July 1966 -
December 31, 1968 (270 days; 13,330 pounds; 3.5%, and 449 pounds) and
compared favorably with production statistics for the State of Nevada
and for the United States as compiled by the Statistical Reporting
Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. During 1969
the average production in Nevada was 10,072 pounds of milk and 363 pounds
of butterfat per cow; for the United States, it was 9,166 pounds of milk
and 337 pounds of butterfat per cow. During 1970, the Nevada average was
10,216 pounds of milk and 363 pounds of butterfat per cow; the United
States' average was 9,388 pounds of milk and 347 pounds of butterfat
per cow.
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Reproduction
The ideal reproductive cycle for a dairy cow would be conception after
one breeding, with parturition at nine months, followed by an open period
of approximately 60 days before rebreeding. The lactation period should
last about 305 days with a rest or dry period of approximately 60 days
before calving and the repetition of the cycle. As shown in Appendix II,
the experimental dairy herd falls somewhat short of this ideal, in that
there were 1.9 breedings per conception, the average open period was
110 days, the average lactation period was 277 days, and the average dry
period was 108 days.
A variety of factors may adversely affect the reproductive cycle of the
cow. These might include hormonal imbalance, unobserved estrus, true
anestrus, uterine infections, disease, metabolic disturbances, anatomical
defects, faulty breeding techniques, stresses from weather, poor nutrition,
etc. Standard management and medical procedures used to prevent or treat
(2 3}
these conditions were described previouslyv .
The cows were routinely bred by artificial insemination performed by one
of the two trained technicians on the farm staff. Natural breeding by
a Hoi stein bull was used on difficult breeders, first-calf heifers, and
when a technician was not available.
There were 59 calves born into the herd during 1969-1970 (see Appendix III).
Thirteen of these calves were kept as future replacement animals for the
herd. Fifteen male or calves of poor breeding were utilized for radionuclide
tissue distribution studies. Nineteen male or crossbred calves were excess
to experimental needs and were euthanized. Four calves were transferred to
another agency. Six calves were stillborn or died shortly after birth
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because of dystocia or from exposure to inclement weather. One calf was
never found (presumed devoured by coyotes) and one cow aborted a five-
month-old fetus following treatment for traumatic gastritis.
All surviving calves born into the herd have been large, vigorous and
have shown good growth. One calf (twin to a normal male) was a
pseudohermaphrodite.
Four sets of twins were born into the herd during 1969-1970. As shown
in Table 2ť since the establishment of the herd in 1964, there have
been 15 sets of twins in 160 births, for a twinning percentage of 9.4%.
This is significantly higher than the normal rate of 2 to 3%^ ' .
Although the exact cause of this high incidence of twinning is not
known, it might be explained in part by: 1) an increased genetic
disposition toward twinning in certain family blood lines; 2) the
above average nutritional plane of the herd; 3) an imbalance in the
calcium phosphorus ratio (high calcium, low phosphorus); 4) stress
conditions experienced by the cows might upset the normal hormone
balance and result in polyovulation; 5) the therapeutic use of estrogen
for infertility and breeding problems.
8
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Table 2. Twins Born Into Experimental Dairy Herd, May 1964 - December 1970
Calf No.
581
AIU 2
49
50
51
52
68
10 69
73
74
80
81
101
102
No num-
bers
Sex
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Female
Male
Male
Female
Male
Female
Female
Male
Male
Female
Male
Date Born
23 May 1964
4 Aug 1965
24 Aug 1965
8 Mar 1966
31 May 1966
5 Oct 1966
4 May 1967
23 Dec 1967
Dam & Sire
Cow #4
Unknown
Cow #27
Bull #508
Cow #1
Hereford bull
Cow #28
Bull #508
Cow #13
Cow #48
Bull #508
Cow #15
Bull #509
Cow #85
Bull #70
Age of dam
at twinning
Unknown
4 yrs
7 yrs est.
7-1/2 yrs
5-1/2 yrs
est.
6 yrs
10 yrs est.
7 yrs
Remarks
Dam ourchased in Idaho in Spring of 1964.
No pedigree record.
Dam purchased from Vernon Cantlon, Reno,
Nevada, 14 Nov 1964. Willomente and
Burke Breeding.
Dam purchased in Idaho in Soring of 1964.
No oedigree record.
Dam purchased from Oats Bros.> Fallen,
Nevada, 14 Nov 1964. Rag Aople Breeding -
mother's side.
Dam purchased in Idaho in Spring of 1964.
No pedigree record.
Dam nurchased from Oats Bros.* Fallen,
Nevada, 23 Jul 1965. Monarch and Gallant
Breeding. Received estrovarian 9 Dec 1965,
24 days prior to breeding.
Dam purchased in Idaho in Spring of 1964.
No pedigree record. Received estrovarian
20 Jul 1966, 5 days prior to breeding.
Twins born premature and dead. Dam pur-
chased from Oats Bros. Fallon, Nevada,
16 Nov 66. Rag Aople breeding - father's
side.
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Table 2. Twins born into Experimental Dairy Herd, May 1964 - December 1970 cont'd.
Calf No.
130
131
137
138
142
143
150
151
163
164
Sex
Male
Female
Male
Female
Female
Female
Male
Female
Male
Male
Date Born
13 Jun 1968
14 Aug 1968
20 Oct 1968
23 Feb 1969
21 Jul 1969
Dam & Sire
Cow #55
Bull #70
Cow #84
Bull #70
Cow #83
AIH-37
Cow #36
AIH-306
Cow #43
Bull #70
Age of dam
at twinning
3 yrs
8 yrs
6 yrs
4 yrs
7 yrs
Remarks
Dam was daughter of number 48 and Oats bull.
Dam was half-sister of #85. Purchased from
Oats Bros. , Fallen, Nevada, 16 Nov 1966.
Rag Apple Gallant Breeding.
Twins stillborn. Dam purchased from Oats
Bros., Fallen, Nevada, 16 Nov 1966. Pride -
Enchantress breeding.
Dam was daughter of Cow #20. Spent entire
life on NTS.
Dam was purchased from Cantlon Farms,
Reno, Nevada. Not registered because of
clerical error. Has some of same blood
lines as #43. Sire Willomente Raven Bland.
176 Male 6 Nov 1969 Cow #44
177 Female Bull #70
189 Male 19 Mar 1970 Cow #19
190 Male ? Bull #70
10 yrs
14 yrs
Average 6-7 yrs
Twins stillborn. Dam was purchased from
Cantlon Farms, Reno, Nevada. Willomente
and Burke blood lines. Cow died 14 Jan
1970. Suffered bovine lymphosarcoma.
One twin was psuedohermophodite with un-
descended testicles and penis resembled
a vagina.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY
The major health problems found in the herd were related to the stresses
of production (mastitis, metabolic disturbances) and reproduction
(infertility, dystocia). An occasional lameness resulted from the close
confinement required for certain metabolism studies. No contagious
diseases were diagnosed during this reporting period.
Each illness or health problem was diagnozed by a veterinarian and
(2 3}
recommended therapy initiatedv ' '. Prophylactic procedures were used
where indicated; i.e., routine palpation of the reproductive tract, the
dipping of teats in an iodine solution after milking to control the spread
of mastitis or the use of poloxalene on feed to prevent bloat. Surgery
performed ranged from minor teat surgery to rumenotomy for treatment of
traumatic gastritis.
Unproductive cows and cows that failed to respond to treatment, i.e.,
those with chronic mastitis, severe lameness, etc. were salvaged by
utilizing them for terminal studies on the tissue distribution of
various radionuclides. Six animals were removed from the herd because
of udder pathology, two were removed because of reproductive problems
and two because of progressive lamenesses (see Appendix I).
Only one cow died from natural causes during 1969-1970. Her death
resulted from tympanites (bloat) which occurred during the evening
hours when the herd was unattended. Necropsy of one sacrificed animal
revealed the lesions of bovine lymphosarcoma.
11
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The mastitis prophylactic procedures, detection methods, and therapy used in
(3)
the herd has been described previously. ' During this reporting period,
the average monthly incidence of clinical mastitis was 2.6 cases. The dose
duration of each case was 3.7 days. The average percentage of the herd
injected each day was 1.9 percent.
12
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EXPERIMENTAL PARTICIPATION OF THE DAIRY HERD
During 1969-1970, the dairy herd was utilized for studies which defined
the critical metabolic pathways of selected radionuclides which might
appear in the environment following a nuclear detonation. The herd was
also used for an ingestion study of growing forage which was contaminated
by a controlled release of radioiodine under simulated washout conditions.
An "ad hoc" study was mounted after the Baneberry Event in December of 1970
which resulted in significant contamination of the Area 15 farm. All
metabolism studies and field experiments are listed in Table 3.
Each experimental cow was selected for the metabolism studies on the basis
of production, stage of gestation, breed, and health. After selection,
the animals were placed in the metabolism stalls for 36 hours prior to
dosing for acclumation to experimental procedures. Appendix V lists
the cows involved in each study.
The metabolism studies were conducted at the Well 3 facilities in specially
designed metabolism stalls that provided continuous restraint of the animals
but still allowed sufficient movement for comfort and easy access for milking
and sample collection. A feed manger and waterer were incorporated into the
stalls. All fecal output was collected in a pan. The entire urine production
was collected in a bottle via an indwelling catheter which remained in the
urinary bladder for the duration of the experiment.
The cows were usually maintained in the stalls for a period of 8 to 12
days. The selected radionuclides were either administered orally, via
gelatin capsules, or intravenously as an isotonic solution. Samples of
blood, urine, feces, and milk were collected every six hours until peak
levels were found. Sampling then followed a 12-hour schedule. Cull cows
13
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Table 3. Projects Involving the Dairy Herd January 1, 1969 - December 31, 1970
Project
Shimoda
Wolf I
Plum
End Point
Thai! us I
Wolf II
Rims I
Lightwater I
Thall us II
Rfms II
Wolf III
Beryl
Rubi
Quicksilver
Washout
Ferric
Baneberry
Date
5/13/69
7/24/69
8/13/69
8/27/69
9/15/69
10/29/69
12/09/69
12/22/69
1/09/70
2/10/70
3/03/70
4/27/70
6/15/70
8/03/70
9/29/70
10/19/70
12/18/70
Radionuclide
123j
131j
187W
203pb
131j
202T1
181W
131j
3H
202T1
131j
187W
7Be
86Rb
203Hg
131j
59Fe
Mixed fission
ť k
Dose
Administered
220 yCi/dose
30 yCi/dose
1 .0 mCi/dose
1.5 mCi/dose
0.98 mCi/dose
1 .11 mCi/dose
1.16 mCi/dose
0.5 mCi/dose
0.500 mCi/dose
0.4 mCi/dose
120 mCi/dose
1.5 mCi/dose
0.275 mCi/dose
1 mCi/dose
3.0 mCi/dose
2.0 mCi/dose
1 .7 mCi/dose
2.44 mCi/dose
Route of
Administration
Multiple oral
Oral
Oral
Oral
I.V.
Oral
Oral
Multiole oral
Oral
Oral
Multiple oral
Oral
Single I.V.
Oral
Oral
Oral
Oral ingestion of
aerosol contamina
alfalfa
Oral
Inhalation and
products
14
ingestion of con-
taminated feed
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and excess calves were utilized in terminal studies for determining
tissue distribution of selected radionuclides.
Shimoda - May 13 - June 2, 1969
TOO
This study was designed to determine the feasibility of using I as a
tracer to determine the total uptake of iodine when dairy cows were fed
131
alfalfa hay contaminated with I.
On May 13, an aerosol of I-tagged diatomaceous earth was released
over bales of alfalfa hay at Area 15. This contaminated hay was
transported to Well 3 where it was fed to three Hoistein cows (Nos. 36
45, and 62) which were confined in metabolism stalls. These cows
received measured amounts of this hay from the 16th through the
19th of May. A fourth cow, #71, was administered I via a capsule
from the 16th through the 19th of May. All four cows received 123I
orally. The cows remained in the metabolism stalls through the 23rd
when they were returned to Area 15. Milk samples were collected
through the 2nd of June.
As the I was contaminated with I, the objectives of the study
were not met.
Wolf I - July 24 - July 28, 1969
187
The objective was to determine the excretion pathways for W
following a single oral administration. Blood, feces, milk, and
urine were collected from four cows (Nos. 36, 45, 62, and 71) who were
maintained in metabolism stalls at Well 3 from July 24 - July 28.
15
-------
Within 84 hours nearly 80% of the administered dose was recovered
with 65% of it eliminated via the feces, 14.6% via urine and 0.4%
in the milk.
Data from this study, along with data from the Wolf II and III
studies, will be published in the open literature following
receipt of final revisions and clearances.
Plum - August 13 - August 25, 1969
The objective of this study was to obtain compartment data in the dairy
cow on the metabolism of radiolead following a single oral administration
203
of Pb. This gamma emitting isotope has a half-life of 2.2 days and
is frequently produced during nuclear detonations. Four Hoi stein cows
(Nos. 36, 46, 62, and 71) were placed in the metabolism stalls at Well 3
on August 13, and remained there through August 18. Blood, feces, urine,
and milk samples were collected every 6 to 12 hours during this period.
Milk and fecal samples were collected daily from the 19th through the 25th.
Over 91% of the administered dose was recovered in the feces within
84 hours. Approximately 0.1% was excreted in urine and less than 0.02%
was secreted in milk.
to\
Details and results of the study are published elsewhere^ .
Endpoint - August 27, 1969
This was a terminal study designed to utilize unsatisfactory dairy cows
to obtain information on the kinetics of radioiodine in the major organs
and systems of the dairy cow.
16
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On August 27, three lactating Holstein cows (Nos. 12, 86, 92) were
placed in the metabolism stalls at Well 3 and administered approximately
1 mCi of I. The dose was administered orally to cows 86 and 92
and intravenously to cow 12.
Cows 12 and 92 were sacrificed 12 hours after dosing and cow 86 was
sacrificed 24 hours after dosing. The cows were necropsied and samples
were collected from every organ and tissue in their bodies.
Data will be published following receipt of final clearances.
Thai1 us I - September 15 - October 14, 1969
The objective of this study was to determine uptake, secretion, and
deposition data on the metabolism of radiothallium following a single
202
oral administration of Tl. Five lactating Holstein dairy cows were
used for this study. Four cows (Nos. 43, 47, 87, and 21) were placed
in the metabolism stalls at Well 3 from September 15 to October 14 for
collection of milk, urine, feces, and blood samples. They were then
transferred to Area 15 where individual milk and fecal samples were
collected. The fifth cow (No. 27) was placed in a separate pen and
sacrificed on October 1.
The following parameters were measured for radiothallium in milk:
a) 18 hours to peak activity; b) 30 hours biological half-life; and
c) 3% of the administered dose was recovered in 8 days. The details
and results of this study will be presented in the open literature at
a later date. Portions of the work were presented at the 16th Annual
Health Physics Society Meeting in New York, NY, July, 1971.
17
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Wolf II - October 29, 1969 - January 12, 1970
The objectives of this study were to investigate the retention,
secretion, and distribution of radiotungsten in the dairy cow following
multiple oral ingestion, simulating the continued ingestion of contaminated
forage and to study the retention of radiotungsten in calves fed milk
from cows ingesting the radiotungsten.
From October 29 to November 7, 1969, cows 18, 43, 47, and 87 were
1 01
placed in the metabolism stalls at Well 3 and received two doses of W
each day. Milk, blood, fecal, and urine samples were collected every
six hours while in the stalls. Sampling continued at Area 15 through
January 12, 1970.
Calf #169 was fed milk from cows 87 and 43 for six days, sacrificed,
necropsied, and sampled on November 3. Calf #154, which was fed milk
from cow 87 for 28 days, was sacrificed, necropsied, and sampled on
November 25.
Cow #35 and calf #710 were placed in metabolism stalls on November 10
181
and were dosed twice daily with W until their sacrifice on November 14.
They were then necropsied and tissues and organs were analyzed.
Cow #18 (one of the metabolism cows) was sacrificed, necropsied, and
sampled on December 18, 1970.
Data from this study will be published at a later date in the open
literature along with the data collected from the Wolf I and III studies.
Rims I - December 9, 1969 - January 5, 1970
The objective of this study was to determine whether the chemical form
of ingested radioiodine affects the amount of radioiodine secreted in milk
18
-------
and the amount of radioiodine transmitted to the thyroid. On
December 9, the Group I cows (Nos. 2, 21, 39, and 171) each received
131
an oral dose of I as elemental iodine, Group II cows (Nos. 13, 71,
131
84, and 172) received I as methyl iodide, Group III cows (Nos. 11,
131
16, 46, and 174) received I as sodium iodide, Group IV (Nos. 44, 62,
90, and 175) received I as sodium iodate, and Group V cows (Nos. 173
and 26) were control cows. These cows were maintained at Area 15 for
the duration of the study.
In vivo thyroid counts were made on each cow during the remainder of
the experiment and milk samples were collected at each milking.
Data from this study indicate that both breeds of cows metabolized
the different chemical forms of radioiodines similarly. However,
the results of the milk and thyroid analysis of the single Jersey
cow (171) in the elemental iodine group appeared variant and necessitated
repetition of that portion of the study (Rims II). A report on both
(a)
studies has been publishedv '.
Lightwater I - December 22 - May 25, 1970
The purposes of this project, following a single oral dose of tritiated
water were to: a) establish the required time for tritium to reach equili-
brium in the body fluids of the dairy cows; b) determine the biological
half-life of tritium secreted in the milk; and c) determine the fraction
of tritium in the various milk components, i.e., serum, fat, and protein.
On December 22, 1969, cows 21, 90, 171, and 175 received an oral dose of
tritium. The cows were maintained at Area 15 for the entire experiment.
Milk and blood samples were collected from the cows periodically until
19
-------
the experiment was terminated on May 25.
Data from this study and from Lightwater II are being evaluated and
will be published in the open literature at a later date.
Thai! us II - January 9 - April 1, 1970
The objectives of this study were to measure the milk secretion and
fecal and urinary excretion of radiothallium following multiple
oral ingestion by the dairy cow and to measure the tissue distribution
of radiothallium in calves fed milk from cows ingesting this radionuclide.
Cows 11, 13, 39, and 46 were maintained in metabolism stalls at Well 3
from January 9 through January 19. While in the stalls they received
20?
oral doses of Tl (100 yCi at time of initial preparation) twice daily
for seven days. Two calves were fed milk from cows ingesting radio-
thallium. Calf #170 was sacrificed on January 20 and calf #178 was
sacrificed on January 29. A third calf, #684, was sacrificed on
January 20, five days after receiving a single oral dose of 100
202
of Tl. Final milk samples were collected from the cows on April 1.
Data collected from this study and from Thallus I will be published
in the open literature at a later date. Portions of the work were
presented at the 16th Annual Health Physics Society Meeting held in
New York, NY, July 1971.
Rims II - February 10 - February 28, 1970
The results of milk and thyroid analysis of the single Jersey cow in
the Ip group of Rims I appeared variant and necessitated repetition
131
of the Ip ingestions with that cow plus two additional Jersey cows
20
-------
(Nos. 171, 174, and 175) as well as control Na I ingestions with
two Jersey cows (Nos. 172 and 173). Sampling and in vivo thyroid
counting was conducted at Area 15 and continued through the 28th
of February.
The results of this study indicated that the finding for cow 171
in Rims I was an artifact and that there were no differences due
to breed in the metabolism of radioiodine.
The report on this study and Rims I ("Milk Transfer Comparisons of
Different Chemical Forms of Radioiodine") has been published elsewhere^ '.
Wolf III - March 3 - April 1, 1970
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term excretion of
radiotungsten and to determine any metabolic difference that occurs
following a different route of administration. On March 3, 1970,
four Holstein cows (Nos. 2, 26, 83, and 116) were placed in metabolism
187
stalls at Well 3 and administered W intravenously. They were
monitored in the stalls until the 6th at which time they were returned
to Area 15. Sampling continued through April 1.
Sixty-eight percent of the administered dose was excreted with 80 hours,
with over 65% excreted in the urine.
Data from this study and Wolf I and Wolf 11 will be reported in the open
literature at a later date in a paper entitled "Metabolism of Radiotungsten
by the Dairy Cow", which is now in the review process.
Beryl - April 27 - May 18, 1970
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism with emphasis
21
-------
on milk transfer, and tissue distribution of radioberyIlium following
a single dosing.
A single oral dose of Be was administered to each of four cows (Nos. 13,
36, 48, and 83) maintained in metabolism stalls at Well 3. Less than
0.002% of the ingested activity was recovered in the milk. The biological
half-time as measured in the milk was 19 hours.
For the tissue distribution studies, one lactating dairy cow (No. 19)
was administered a single intravenous dose of Be and three calves
(Nos. 181, 183, and 186) were each given a single oral administration.
The animals were sacrificed at various time intervals and samples
collected for tissue distribution studies. The liver, kidney, and
skeletal system were found to accumulate most of the absorbed activity.
The bone appeared to be the site of long-term deposition.
The report of this study entitled "RadioberyIlium Metabolism by the
Dairy Cow" has been published' '.
Rubi - June 15 - July 27, 1970
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism of rubidium
in the dairy animal and to determine the tissue distribution.
On June 15, 1970, Cows 2, 16, 119, and 123, which were maintained in
QC
metabolism stalls at Well 3, were given a single oral dose of RbCl.
Approximately 50% of the administered activity was eliminated within
66 hours. During this time 8% was secreted in milk, 12% in feces,
and 30% in the urine.
In a companion study, a lactating dairy cow (No. 90) was administered
86Rb intravenously and three calves (Nos. 189, 191, and 192) were dosed
22
-------
orally. The animals were sacrificed at various times after administra-
tion to measure the tissue distribution of the radionuclide. Deposited
activity was highest in the liver, thymus, pancreas, muscle, and other
soft tissue.
A report on this study has been accepted for publication by Health Physics.
Portions of the work were presented at the 16th Annual Health Physics
Society Meeting in New York, NY, July 1971.
Quicksilver - August 3 - September 16, 1970
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism and
203
tissue distribution of Hg by the dairy cow following a single
administration.
On August 6, 1970, four lactating dairy cows (Nos. 36, 62, 122, and 127)
were confined in the metabolism stalls at Well 3 and were administered
OAO
1.7 mCi of Hg as a single oral dose of Hg(N03)2.
For the next 10 days, all milk, urine, and feces from the four cows
203
were collected and the Hg content measured. Peak activity appeared
in the milk 42 hours after ingestion of the radionuclide. The biological
half-life in milk was 124 hours. During the 10-day period after dosing,
203
75% of the ingested Hg was excreted, with 0.08% recovered in the urine,
0.01% in the milk, and the remainder in the feces.
In a companion study, two lactating cows (Nos. 62 and 85) and three calves
(Nos. 193, 194, and 195) were sacrificed at various times after oral and
203
intravenous administrations of Hg. Samples were collected to measure
the tissue distribution of the radionuclide. The radiomercury was found
distributed throughout the body, with the kidneys being the site of
23
-------
principal concentration. This study indicates that inorganic mercury
was sparingly absorbed from the intestinal tract of the dairy cow and
the urinary system was the preferred route of excretion for the absorbed
mercury.
The report on this study has been written and will be published
following receipt of final reviews and clearances. Portions of the
work were presented at the 16th Annual Health Physics Society Meeting,
New York, NY, July, 1971.
Washout - September 29 - October 19, 1970
The primary purpose of this project was to study, under controlled
conditions, the efficiency of the washout process for removal of
131
particulate and gaseous I aerosols from air by various intensities
of rain. Ancillary studies included the determination of the peak
131
milk to peak forage ratio of I for groups of cows fed washout
contaminated green chop and dry aerosol contaminated green chop.
Following completion of aerosol generation, contaminated growing
alfalfa at Area 15 was green chopped from the dry deposition plot and
fed to cows in Group I (Nos. 45, 116, and 122) and that from the plot
that received a moderate washout was fed to cows in Group II (Nos. 16,
84, and 127). The rest of the herd (Group III) received green chop
from uncontaminated plots.
The study groups were fed their assigned ration for eight days. Final
milk samples were collected on October 19.
The data from this study were included in the report "Radiation Prediction
Model for Field Events", which is in the final review processes.
24
-------
Ferric - October 19 - December 31, 1970
The objectives of this study were to establish the milk transfer and
59
to investigate the metabolism of Fe by the dairy cow following a
single oral administration.
Four lactating cows (Nos. 13, 46, 122, and 127) were confined in
59
metabolism stalls at Well 3 and administered 2.4 mCi of Fe as
FeCl3 in a single oral dose. For the next four days, all milk,
urine, and feces from the cows were collected and the Fe content
measured. A peak activity concentration of 0.00018% per liter
appeared in the milk 51 hours after administration and was eliminated
by the cow with a biological half-life in milk of 172 hours. Fifty
percent of the ingested radioiron was eliminated in 30 hours. During
this 30-hour period, more than 99% of the excreted iron was recovered
in the feces. Transfer to milk was limited with less than 0.015% of
the administered nuclide secreted in 10 days. In a companion study,
one cow (No. 171) was administered radioiron intravenously. The
peak activity concentration in milk of 0.026% per liter occurred 33 hours
after administration and decreased with an early biological half-life
of 84 hours and a later one of 180 hours. The results of these studies
indicate absorption and milk transfer of iron by the dairy cow is
relatively slight.
The report of these studies has been written and will be published following
receipt of final revisions and clearances. Portions of this work were
presented at the 16th Annual Health Physics Society Meeting held in
New York, NY, July 1971.
25
-------
Baneberry - December 18 - December 31, 1970
The Baneberry Event, detonated on December 18, 1970, in Area 18 of the
Nevada Test Site, resulted in the accidental release of significant
amounts of radioactivity. A portion of this cloud passed over the Area 15
farm. An "ad hoc" metabolism study was initiated as soon as entry was
permitted.
131
The I studies for this event were planned to accomplish the following
objectives:
1. differentiate between inhalation and inhalation plus
ingestion as reflected by radioiodine in milk;
2. measure urinary and fecal concentrations of radioiodine
from a combined inhalation/ingestion exposure (metabolism
study); and
131
3. measure concentrations of I and other fresh fission
products in various tissues of calves living in this
contaminated environment.
To accomplish the objectives the procedures used were enumerated in
the same order as above.
1. Four lactating cows (Nos. 13, 87, 127, and 134) were separated
from the herd and fed uncontaminated hay ("inhalation" group) and
two other cows (Nos. 11 and 119) were fed contaminated hay. The
six cows were maintained at Area 15 and were milked twice daily.
Individual records were kept on milk production and feed consumption.
2. Four lactating cows (Nos. 16, 45, 46, and 123) were selected from
the dairy herd and placed in metabolism stalls at Well 3, NTS.
Contaminated bales of hay from Area 15 were chopped to provide a
homogeneous source of forage for these cows. The concentration
26 :
-------
131
of I was measured in the hay, milk, urine, and feces
for a period of six days, then they were returned to the
dairy farm.
3. Two calves (Nos. 202 and 205), exposed to the cloud and
ingesting contaminated hay and milk, were sacrificed four
days after the start of exposure and selected tissue
samples were obtained for analysis.
Data from studies 1 and 2 will be published when the review processes are
completed and clearances received. Data from the third portion of the
study were included in the "Report of Animal Investigation Program Activities
for the Baneberry Event - December 18, 1970", which will be published in
the near future.
27
-------
REFERENCES
1. Douglas, Richard L. Status of the Nevada Test Site Experimental
Farm - Summary Report for July 1964 - December 1965. SWRHL-36r.
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada,
89114. January 1967
2. Smith, D. D. and R. E. Engel. Progress Report for the Bioenviron-
mental Research - May 22, 1964 through July 1, 1966. Part I -
Experimental Dairy Herd. SWRHL-55r. Southwestern Radiological
Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114. March 1969
3. Smith, Donald D. Status of the Bioenvironmental Research Experi-
mental Dairy Herd - July 1, 1966 through December 31, 1968. SWRHL-67r.
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114.
July 1970
4. Daley, E. M. and D. D. Smith. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental
Dairy Farm - January 1966 - December 1968. SWRHL-63r. Southwestern
Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114. August 1969
5. Daley, Edgar M. Agronomic Aspects of the Experimental Dairy Farm
During 1969. SWRHL-104r. Western Environmental Research Laboratory,
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114. July 1971
6. Hafez, E. S. E. Ed., Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lea & Febiger,
Philadelphia, PA. 1962. pp. 367
7. Roberts, Stephen J. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases.
Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michingan.1956.pp. 551
8. Stanley, R. E., A. L. Mullen, and E. W. Bretthauer. Transfer to
Milk of Ingested Radiolead. Health Phys. 21_, pp. 211-215.
August 1971
9. Bretthauer, E. W., A. L. Mullen, and A. A. Moghissi. Milk Transfer
Comparisons of Different Chemical Forms of Radioiodine. Health Phys.
22_, pp. 257-260. March 1972
10. Mullen, A. L., R. E. Stanley, S. R. Lloyd, and A. A. Moghissi.
Radioberyllium Metabolism by the Dairy Cow. Health Phys. 22, pp. 17-22.
January 1972.
28
-------
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX Page
I. Acquisition Data and Vital Statistics of Mature 30
Dairy Animals - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970
II. Production and Reproduction of Cows - 35
1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970
III. Calves Born into Herd - 1 January 1969 - 46
31 December 1970
IV. Mastitis Incidence in Individual Cows (listed 52
by date and quarter affected)
V. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing 56
Participation in Experiments
29
-------
APPENDIX I. Acquisition Data and Vital Statistics of Mature Dairy Animals
1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970
Cow No.
2
11
12
13
16
18
19
21
26
Date of Birth
Age as of 31 Dec 70
Nov 1958*
12 yrs 2 mos
Mar 1960*
10 yrs 9 mos
Mar 1960*
9 yrs 5 mos
Get 1960*
10 yrs 3 mos
Nov 1958*
12 yrs 2 mos
Nov 1958*
12 yrs 2 mos
14 Apr 1956
26 Mar 1962
8 yrs 10 mos
24 Feb 1960
10 yrs 11 mos
Weight
Type of Breeding
1165 Ibs
Grade cow
1305 Ibs
Grade cow
1680 Ibs
Grade cow
1395 Ibs
Grade cow
1480 Ibs
Grade cow
1470 Ibs
Grade cow
1395 Ibs
Grade cow
1345 Ibs
Grade cow
1678 Ibs
Registered
cow
Cost and
Acquisition Date
$225
Soring 1964
Disoersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
Spring 1964
Disoersal sale
Idaho
$225
Soring 1964
Dispersal sale
$225
Spring 1964
Dispersal sale
Idaho
$225
16 Aua 1964
U of Nev
$225
16 Auq 1964
$225
16 Aug 1964
U of Nev
$400
Oats Bros.
15 Nov 1964
Remarks
In herd. Severely
lame.
In herd. Three-
quartered and nen-
dulous udder.
Three-auartered
cow. Sacrificed
for Project End-
point. 28 Aug 1969.
In herd.
In herd.
Pendulous udder.
Sacrificed 16 Dec 69.
Wolf II.
Old cow with oendulous
udder. Sacrificed
6 May 1970 Project
Beryl .
In herd.
In herd.
30
-------
APPENDIX I. Acquisition Data and Vital Statistics of Mature Dairy Animals
1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
"'Date of Birth
dow No. Age as of 31 Dec 70
Weight
Type of Breeding
Cost and
Acquisition Date
Remarks
35
44
46
47
48
8 Dec 1961
8 yrs 10 mos
15 Jan 1965
4 yrs 11 mos
30 Dec 1964
5 yrs 9 mos
13 Aor 1965
5 yrs 8 mos
31 Oct 1962
8 yrs 3 mos
8 Nov 1959
11 yrs 5 mos
14 Apr 1960
10 yrs 9 mos
20 Sen 1960
10 yrs 4 mos
17 Apr 1958
12 yrs 8 mos
7 Mar 1962
8 yrs 10 mos
1650 Ibs
Registered cow
1535 Ibs
Grade cow
1167 Ibs
Grade cow
1555 Ibs
Registered
cow
1715 Ibs
Registered
cow
1940 Ibs
Registered
cow
1325 Ibs
Registered
cow
1275 Ibs
Registered
cow
1470 Ibs
Registered
cow
1565 Ibs
Registered
cow
$400
Cantlon Farms
15 Nov 1964
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 18.
Sire - U of Nev
bull.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 20.
Sire - U of Nev
bull.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 28
Sire - Oats bull
$450
Cantlon Farms
23 Jul 1965
$450
Oats Bros.
23 Jul 1965
$500
Oats Bros.
23 Jul 1965
$500
Oats Bros.
23 Jul 1965
$400
Oats Bros.
23 Jul 1965
$400
Oats Bros.
23 Jul 1965
Snastic syndrome.
Sacrificed 1 Oct
1969. Project
Thai!us.
Cystic ovaries and
nymnhomania.
Sacrificed 14 Nov
1969. Project
Wolf II.
Died 4 Sept 1970.
Tymoanites.
In herd.
To be culled from
herd. Uterine
infection.
Bovine lymphosarcoma.
Sacrificed 14 Jan 1970.
Project RIMS.
In herd.
In herd.
To be culled from
herd. Poor nroducer.
In herd.
31
-------
APPENDIX I. Acquisition Data and Vital Statistics of Mature Dairy Animals
1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Cow No.
62
70
71
83
84
85
86
87
90
92
116
Date of Birth
Aqe as of 31 Dec 70
16 Feb 1966
4 yrs 11 mos
2 Apr 1966
3 yrs 6 mos
3 Apr 1966
4 yrs 10 mos
19 Jun 1962
8 yrs 6 mos
16 Sep 1960
10 yrs 4 mos
28 Nov 1960
9 yrs 11 mos
25 Jan 1962
8 yrs 11 mos
27 Jul 1962
8 yrs 5 mos
16 Jan 1967
3 yrs 6 mos.
12 Feb 1967
2 yrs 9 mos
':. 29 Nov 1967
3 vrs 1 mo
Weight
Tvpe of Breeding
1050 IDS
Registered
cow
2500 Ibs
Registered
bull
1470 Ibs
Registered
cow
1385 Ibs
Registered
cow
1345 Ibs
Registered
cow
1554 Ibs
Registered
cow
1175 Ibs
Registered
cow.
1515 Ibs
Registered
cow
1430 Ibs
Registered
cow
1280 Ibs
Registered
cow
1255 Ibs
Grade cow
Cost and
Acquisition Date
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 43
Sire - U of Nev
bull
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 47
Sire - Oats Bull
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 48.
Sire - Cantlon's
Phantom
$499
Oats Bros.
16 Nov 1966
$450
Oats Bros.
16 Nov 1966
$500
Oats Bros.
16 Nov 1966
$450
Oats Bros
16 Nov 1966
$600
Oats Bros.
16 Nov 1966
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 25.
Sire - H-46
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 28
Sire H-46.
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 11
Remarks
Col i form Mastitis.
Sacrificed 13 Aug 1970.
Project Quicksilver.
Used as herd sire
until became too
danqerous - sacrificed
for'AIP. 16 Oct 1969.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
Arthritic cow.
Sacrificed 19 Aug 1970.
Project Quicksilver.
Pendulous udder.
Sacrificed 28 Aug 1969.
Project Fndpoint.
In herd.
Mastitis cow.
Sacrificed 30 Jun 1970.
Project Rubi .
Intractable temperment.
Sacrificed 28 Aug 1969.
Project Endpoint
In herd. Completed
first lactation.
Sire No. 70.
32
-------
APPENDIX I. Acquisition Data and Vital Statistics of Mature Dairy Animals
1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Gow No.
117
119
122
123
126
127
128
132
133
134
135
Date of Birth
Aqe as of 31 Dec 70
30 Nov 1967
3 yrs 1 mo
23 Dec 1967
3 yrs
16 Feb 1968
2 yrs 10 mos
21 Feb 1968
2 yrs 10 mos
15 Apr 1968
2 yrs 8 mos
24 Aor 1968
2 yrs 8 mos
16 May 1968
2 yrs 7 mos
1 Jul 1968
2 yrs 6 mos
19 Jul 1968
2 yrs 5 mos
25 Jul 1968
2 yrs 5 mos
7 Aug 1968
2 yrs 4 mos
Weight
Tyoe of Breeding
1600 Ibs
Registered
1535 Ibs
Registered
cow
1399 Ibs
Grade cow
1310 Ibs
Grade cow
1850 Ibs
Grade bull
1280 Ibs
Registered
cow
1410 Ibs
Repistered
cow
1245 Ibs
Registered
heifer
1500 Ibs
Grade heifer
1475 Ibs
Registered
heifer
1495 Ibs
Registered
heifer
Cost and
Acquisition Date
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 83
Sire H-37
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 2
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 35
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 16
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 62
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 39
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 47
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was Mo. 13
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 27
Sire No. 70
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 43
Sire No. 70
Remarks
In herd. To be culli
Poor oroducer and
barren.
In herd.
lactation,
In herd.
lactation
In herd.
lactation
In herd.
herd sire
Oct 1969.
In herd.
lactation
In herd.
lactation
In herd.
gestation
In herd.
gestation
In herd.
gestation
In herd.
gestation
In first
i
In first
In first
Served as
since
In first
In first
in first
In first
In first
In first
33
-------
APPENDIX I.
Acquisition Data and Vital Statistics of Mature Dairy Animals
1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Date of Birth
Cow No. Aqe as of 31 Dec 70
Weight
Type of Breeding
139
171
172
173
174
175
21 Aug 1968
2 vrs 4 mos
1 Jul 1966
4 yrs 5 mos
5 May 1965
5 vrs 7 mos
13 Jul 1965
5 yrs 5 mos
8 Aug 1965
5 vrs 4 mos
6 Jul 1966
4yrs 5 mos
1100 Ibs
Grade heifer
960 Ibs
Registered
Jersey cow
880 Ibs
Registered
Jersey cow
945 Ibs
Registered
Jersey cow
955 Ibs
Registered
Jersey cow
1050 Ibs
Registered
Jersey cow
Cost and
Acquisition Date
Remarks
Born in herd.
Dam was No. 21
Sire No. 70
$450
6 Nov 1969
Mills Jersey
Farm. Fallen,
Nevada.
$450
6 Nov 1969
Mills Jersey
Farm. Fallen,
Nevada.
$450
6 Nov 1969
Mills Jersey
Farm. Fall on,
Nevada.
$450
6 Nov 1969
Mills Jersey
Farm. Fallen,
Nevada
$300
6 Nov 1969
Mills Jersey
Farm. Fallen,
Nevada
In herd. In first
gestation.
In herd.
In herd. To be
culled. Pendulous
udder.
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
*Estimated date of birth, as no records prior to purchase.
34
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970
Period & Days" Dry No. &Days " 'Pounds
Cow Lactation Lenoth of Preceding Open Tyne of Carried Milk Averane
No. No. Lactation Lactation Days Breeding Calf Production Butterfat
Remarks
2 8* 3/18/69 113
12/21/69
278 days
9* 2/16/70 57
11/24/70
281 days
11 6* 11/22/68 79
8/15/69
256 davs
7* 10/21/69 56
8/29/70
312 days
12 7* 12/9/68 96
8/28/69
262 days
13 6* 7/19/68 63
5/31/69
316 days
7* 10/25/69 147
7/22/70
270 days
62 1 A.I.** 216 13,918
250 4 A.I. 31 15,046
49 1 A.I. 217 16,353
115 1 A.I. 197 15,303
107 1 A.I. 155 12,167
177 2 A.I. 139 15,109
1 Bull
67 1 A.I. 203 15,300
3.4
3.8
4.2
3.0
3.3
3.4
4.3
Sacrificed 28 Aug 1969.
Pro.iect Fndnoint. Cow
selected because of
atronhied ouarter.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
CO
en
Period &
Cow Lactation Length of
No. No. Lactation
16 7* 4/15/68
1/1/69
260 days
8* 3/16/69
1/1/70
291 days
18 8* 2/7/69
12/16/69
312 days
19 10 1/3/69
10/20/69
290 days
11 3/10/69
5/6/69
57 days
21 5 8/16/68
5/25/69
282 days
Days Dry
Preceding
Lactation
68
75
174
220
141
91
No. & Days
Open Tyne of Carried
Days Breeding Calf
55 1 Bull 205
74 1 A.I. 217
1 Bull
312 5 A.I. 0
2 Bull
155 3 A.I. 135
1 Bull
54 1 Bull 228
Founds
Milk
Production
17,368
13,918
18,204
13,564
2,775
19,302
Averacie
Butterfat % Remarks
3.6
3.5
4.5 Cow sacrificed 16 Dec 69.
Project Wolf IT. Cow
selected because of breed-
ing nroblems and pendulous
udder.
4.4
3.5 Covf gave birth to twins.
She was sacrificed 6 Mav 70
for Pro.iect Beryl , so
lactation was incomplete.
Cow selected for sacrifice
because of age, breeding
history, and udder condition
4.3
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Renroduction of Cows - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
CO
No.
26
27
35
Period &
Lactation Length of
No. Lactation
6 7/16/69
6/3/70
322 days
6 11/29/68
8/15/69
259 days
7 12/9/69
8/29/70
263 days
5 7/25/68
6/6/69
316 days
6 8/18/69
10/1/69
45 days
2 2/21/68
1/1/69
315 davs
Days Dry
Preceding
Lactation
52
227
116
110
73
74
No. &
Open Type of
Days Breeding
244 4 A.I.
2 Bulls
94 1 A.I.
110 1 Bull
106 2 A.I.
316 Multiple
breedings
Days Pounds
Carried Milk
Calf Production
72 17,437
165 12,563
153 13,591
210 19,458
1,831
0 16,131
Averane
Butterfat % Remarks
4.0
3.9 Seriously ill with
intussusception during
January 1969.
3.7
3.8
3.4 Lactation incomolete as
cow sacrificed 1 Oct 69
for Project Thai 1 us.
Cow selected for sacrifice
as had soastic syndrome
which made her unsuitable
for metabolism studies.
3.7 Cow developed cystic
ovaries and was non-
resoonsive to treatment.
Became nymphomaniac and
remained barren for rest
of life. Sacrificed
14 Nov 69 for Project
Wolf II.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
co
00
Period & Days Dry No. & Days Pounds
Cow Lactation Length of Preceding Open Type Carried Milk
No. No. Lactation Lactation Days Breeding Calf Production
36 2 4/1/68 103 56 1 Bull 219 12,358
1/1/69
275 days
3 2/23/69 54 105 1 A.I. 164 12,424
11/19/69
269 days
4 3/8/70 104 11,019
9/4/70
185 days
39 2 5/16/68 148 67 days 2 Bull 155 days 1st 18,321
7/4/69 1st breeding breeding
414 days r~ H ,,,Ť H 9 H
Average
Butterfat % Remarks
3.3
3.5 Cow had twins.
3.4 Lactation not complete
as the cow died of
tympanities 4 Sep 70.
3.8 Extra long lactation
period because cow
aborted a 5-month old
43
2nd breeding breeding
fetus on 24 Dec 68.
She was rebred on
14 Feb and conceived.
11/19/69 138
10/20/70
325 days
8/7/68 37
1/16/69
162 days
112 2 A.I.
69 1 Bull
213 17,569
93
6,782
4.0
3.9
Severely ill with
mastitis in Aug 68,
which caused permanent
damage to the udder.
Lactation ended early
because of poor pro-
duction.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
co
Cow Lactation
No. No.
5
44 7
8
45 7
46 6
7
Period &
Length of
Lactation
7/21/69
3/14/70
225 days
10/14/68
7/16/69
275 days
11/6/69
1/14/70
69 days
4/15/69
11/21/69
220 days
9/6/68
6/6/69
273 days
7/29/69
4/6/70
251 davs
Days Dry
Preceding
Lactation
186
150
113
126
153
53
No. & Days Pounds
Open Type Carried Milk Average
Days Breeding Calf Production Butterfat I
239 Multiple 0 9,515 4.0
Breedings
105 2 Bull 170 12,529 3.6
3,459 3.7
178 2 A.I. 42 9,702 4.0
54 1 Bull 219 14,941 4.2
124 2 A.I. 127 10,407 4.0
% Remarks
Twin calves born. Cow
develooed pyometra which
was not refractive too
treatment. Despite many
breedings, remained barren
To be culled from herd.
Lactation incomplete as
cow in terminal phase of
bovine lymphosarcoma, so
on 14 Jan 70, she was
euthanized and utilized
for Project RIMS.
Cow had severe mastitis
in July and Aug 69. One
quarter lost its milk
secretory ability.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Cow
No.
47
48
62
Lactation
No.
8
9
5
6
1
2
3
Period &
Length of
Lactation
7/1/68
4/18/69
291 days
8/12/69
3/14/70
217 days
11/25/68
1/11/70
9/23/70
255 days
4/24/68
2/5/69
287 days
3/25/69
1/1/70
282 days
3/18/70
8/13/70
148 days
Days Dry
Preceding
Lactation
157
116
158
48
76
Open
Days
135
113
128
123
32
80
130
No. &
Type
Breeding
2 Bull
2 A.I.
1 Bull
2 A.I.
1 Bull
1 A.I.
2 A.I.
1 Bull
Days
Carried
Calf
156
101
132
235
202
18
Pounds
Milk
Production
12,165
8,786
11,345
12,146
13,178
8,926
Average
Butterfat % Remarks
3.6
3.9 To be culled from
herd as a poor pro-
ducer and is an aged
cow.
No production data as
cow used as nurse cow
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.9 Lactation incomplete
cow developed colifori
mastitis while in met
stall for Project Quicksilver
Salvaged for this project as
a sacrifice animal on 13 Aug
70.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows - 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Cow Lactation
No. No.
71 2
3
83 4
5
84 6
7
85 6
7
Period &
Length of
Lactation
2/25/69
1/1/70
310 days
3/3/70
9/23/70
204 days
10/20/68
8/1/69
285 days
12/18/69
9/23/70
8/14/68
4/22/69
251 days
7/16/69
2/20/70
219 days
2/24/69
11/21/69
270 days
1/16/70
8/19/70
215 days
Days Dry
Preceding
Lactation
192
61
64
139
89
85
124
56
Open
Days
88
140
134
48
33
53
72
57
72
No. &
Type of
Breeding
1 A.I.
1 Bull
2 A.I.
1 Bull
2 A.I.
1 A.I.
1 A.I.
1 Bull
1 A.I.
1 Bull
1 A.I.
1 Bull
Days
Carried
Calf
222
62
151
150
28
198
147
213
143
Pounds
Milk
Production
11,065
8,815
13,683
16,779
11,065
7,866
14,428
12,279
Average
Butterfat !
4.4
3.5
3.6
3.9
3.5
3.2
3.9
4.1
I Remarks
Cow suffered from
chronic mastitis during
this lactation.
Twin calves.
Cow aborted 24 Jul 70 -
two sets of figures
for open days and days
carried calves.
Twin calves.
Lactation record incomp'
as cow was sacrificed
19 Aug 70 for Project Qi
silver. Cow was selected for
-------
APPENDIX H. Production and Reproduction of Cows 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Cow Lactation
No. No.
86 5
6
87 5
90 1
2
Period & Days Dry
Length of Preceding
lactation Lactation
8/7/68 123
3/27/69
232 days
7/21/69 116
8/28/69
38 days
6/25/69 215
5/9/70
318 days
6/10/69
3/24/60
287 days
5/31/70 68
6/30/70
30 days
No. & Days Pounds
Open Type of Carried Milk Average
Days Breeding Calf Production Butterfat % Remarks
sacrifice because of
lameness associated
with arthritis.
74 1 A.I. 159 5,529 3.9 Lactation record incomplete
as cow served as nurse cow
from 7 Aug-25 Nov 68.
38 0 1,806 3.5 Lactation record incomplete
as cow was sacrificed
28 Aug 69 for Project
Endpoint. Cow was selected
because of pendulous
udder.
194 1 Bull 124 17,981 4.2
74 1 A.I. 213 10,698 4.1
30 0 576 4.0 Lactation record incomplete
as cow sacrificed for Proje<
Rubi on 30 June 70. Cow
mastitis upon freshening.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
00
Cow Lactation
No. No.
92 1
116 1
117 1
171 2
172 3
Period & Days Dry
Length of Preceding
Lactation Lactation
6/14/69
8/28/69
75 days
2/8/70
10/31/70
265 days
2/11/70
2/28/70
17 days
6/17/69 60
3/6/70
262 days
8/14/69 60
4/3/70
231 days
No. & Days Pounds
Open Type of Carried Milk Average
Days Breeding Calf Production Butterfat !
74 0 1,121 4.1
54 1 Bull 211 14,125 3.8
151
62 1 A.I. 200 8,599 4.9
97 1 A.I. 135 7,230 4.9
I Remarks
Lactation record incomplete
as cow sacrificed for
Project Endpoint on 28 Aug 69
Cow selected because of
intractable temperment and
poor production.
Good replacement cow.
Lactation terminated as cow
would not produce and was
intractable. Will be culled
from herd.
Purchased 6 Nov 69. Pro-
duction record combination
of DHIA records and actual
production
Purchased 6 Nov 69. Pro-
duction record combination
of DHIA** records and actual
production. Cow was poor
producer and has pendulous
udder. Will be culled from
herd.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Cow
No.
173
174
175
Lactation
No.
3
3
2
Period &
Length of
Lactation
9/17/69
6/30/70
286 days
9/22/69
4/03/70
193 days
6/08/69
6/01/70
358 days
Days Dry
Preceding
Lactation
60
60
60
Open
Days
72
100
342
No. &
Type of
Breeding
1 A.I.
3 A.I.
3 A.I.
2 Bull
Days
Carried
Calf
214
93
16
Pounds
Milk
Production
9,994
8,644
11,036
Average
Butterfat 5
4.8
5.4
4.4
Remarks
i
Purchased 6 Nov 69. Pro-
duction record was combi-
nation of DHIA records and
actual production.
Purchased 6 Nov 69. Pro-
duction record was combi-
nation of DHIA records and
actual production.
Purchased 6 Nov 69. Pro-
duction record was combi-
nation of DHIA records and
actual production.
-------
APPENDIX II. Production and Reproduction of Cows 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Average Lactation Period and Length Days Dry Days Pounds Milk
of Cows in Herd of all Complete Preceding Open Carried Production all Average
12/31/70 Lactations Lactation Days Breedings Calf Complete Lactations Butterfat %
Remarks
Summarv
of herd
average
data
5.2
277 davs
108
110
1.9
178
13,333
3.9 Average age of
lactating cows
as of 31 Dec 70
was 7 yrs 10 mos
ar\
*Estimated, as no records prior to purchase
**A.I. = Artificial Insemination
***DHIA = Dairy Herd Improvement Association
-------
APPENDIX III. Calves Born into Herd 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970
Animal
No.
148
149
150*
151*
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
Date of Birth
Sex
Wt. at Birth
3 Jan 1969
Male
70 Ibs.
7 Feb 1969
Male
70 Ibs.
23 Feb 1969
Male
70 Ibs.
23 Feb 1969
Female
65 Ibs.
24 Feb 1969
Male
70 Ibs.
25 Feb 1969
Female
85 Ibs.
16 Mar 1969
Male
Unknown
18 Mar 1969
Male
Unknown
25 Mar 1969
Male
Unknown
15 Apr 1969
Male
100 Ibs.
10 Jun 1969
Male
Unknown
Dam &
Sire
No. 19
& 70
No. 18
& 70
No. 36
& 70
No. 36
& 70
No. 85
& 70
No. 153
& 70
No. 16
& 70
No. 2
& 70
No. 62
& 70
No. 45
& 70
No. 90
& 70
Type of
Breeding
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Remarks
Euthanized 3 January 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 7 Feb 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 23 Feb 1969.
No use in program.
Dead when found.
Euthanized 24 Feb 1969,
No use in program.
In herd. Saved for replace
ment.
Sacrificed 25 Nov 1969
for Project Wolf II. Fed
milk from cow No. 87.
Euthanized 19 Mar 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 25 Mar 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 15 Apr 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 11 Jun
No use in program.
46
-------
APPENDIX III. Calves Born into Herd 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Animal
No.
159
160
161
162
163*
164*
165
166
167
168
169
Date of Birth
Sex
Wt. at Birth
14 Jun 1969
Female
Unknown
25 Jun 1969
Male
Unknown
16 Jul 1969
Male
Unknown
16 Jul 1969
Female
Unknown
21 Jul 1969
Male
Unknown
21 Jul 1969
Male
Unknown
21 Jul 1969
Male
Unknown
29 Jul 1969
Male
Unknown
12 Aug 1969
Male
Unknown
18 Aug 1969
Male
Unknown
21 Oct 1969
Male
90 IDS.
Dam &
Sire
No. 92
& 70
No. 87
& 70
No. 84
& 70
No. 21
& 70
No. 43
& 70
No. 43
& 70
No. 86
& H-245
No. 46
& 70
No. 47
& 70
No. 27
& H-245
No. 11
& H-28
Type of
Breeding
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Holstein
Hoi stein
Holstein
Holstein
Holstein
Remarks
In herd. Saved for replace-
ment.
Euthanized 25 Jun 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 16 Jul 1969.
No use in program.
In herd. Saved for replace
ment.
Euthanized 21 Jul 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 21 Jul 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 21 Jul 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 29 Jul 1969.
No use in program.
Euthanized 12 Aug 1969
No use in program.
Euthanized 18 Aug 1969.
No use in program.
Sacrificed 3 Nov 1969 for
Project Wolf II. Fed milk
from cows Nos. 87 & 43.
47
-------
APPENDIX III. Calves Born into Herd 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd.
Animal
No.
170
176*
177*
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
Date of Birth
Sex
Wt. at Birth
25 Oct 1969
Male
90 Ibs.
6 Nov 1969
Male
Unknown
6 Nov 1969
Female
Unknown
19 Nov 1969
Male
87 Ibs.
9 Dec 1969
Female
Unknown
18 Dec 1969
Male
Unknown
11 Jan 1970
Male
82 Ibs.
16 Jan 1970
Male
64 Ibs.
8 Feb 1970
Male
84 Ibs.
11 Feb 1970
Female
85 Ibs.
16 Feb 1970
Female
92 Ibs.
Dam &
Sire
No. 13
& H-28
No. 44
& 70
No. 44
& 70
No. 39
& 70
No. 26
& H-245
No. 83
& H-245
No. 48
& 511
No. 85
& H-57
No. 116
& 70
No. 117
& H-57
No. 2
& H-306
Type of
Breeding
Holstein
Hoi stein
Holstein
Holstein
Holstein
Holstein
Hereford-
Hoi stein
Holstein
Holstein
Holstein
Holstein
Remarks
Sacrificed 20 Jan 1970.
Project Thai 1 us II.
Dead at birth. Dystocia.
Dead at birth. Dystocia.
Sacrificed 29 Jan 1970.
Thai 1 us II. Fed milk from
No. 39. Weighed 220 Ibs.
In herd. Saved for replace-
ment.
Dead at birth.
Crossbred calf. Sacrificed
1 May 1970 - Project Beryl.
Poor quality calf.
Euthanized 19 Feb 1970.
Sacrificed 6 May 1970.
Project Beryl. Weighed
205 Ibs.
In herd. Saved for replace
ment.
Sacrificed 19 Aug 1970.
Project Quicksilver.
48
-------
APPENDIX HI- Calves Born into Herd 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd-
Animal
No.
186
187
188
189*
190*
191
192
193
194
195
196
Date of Birth
Sex
Wt. at Birth
3 Mar 1970
Male
88 Ibs.
8 Mar 1970
Male
90 Ibs.
9 Mar 1970
Male
90 Ibs.
10 Mar 1970
Male
75 Ibs.
10 Mar 1970
Female
75 Ibs.
18 Mar 1970
Male
92 Ibs.
11 Apr 1970
Male
93 Ibs.
16 May 1970
Female
78 Ibs.
26 May 1970
Fema 1 e
60 Ibs.
31 May 1970
Male
100 Ibs.
2 Jun 1970
Female
76 Ibs.
Dam &
Sire
No. 71
& 126
No. 36
& H-306
No. 16
& 70
No. 19
& 70
Mo. 19
& 70
No. 62
i H-342
No. 119
& H-344
No. 123
& H-342
No. 171
& Mills
Bull
No. 90
& H-50
No. 122
& 126
Type of
Breeding
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Holstein
Hoi stein
Holstein
Holstein
Holstein
Holstein
Jersey
Holstein
Holstein
Remarks
Sacrificed 18 May 1970.
Project Beryl .
In herd. Saved for replace-
ment bull .
Dead at birth.
Sacrificed 18 Jun 1970.
Project Rubi. Weighed
189 Ibs.
Euthanized 29 Apr 1970.
Pseudohermaphodi te .
Sacrificed 23 Jun 1970.
Project Rubi . Weighed
304 Ibs.
Sacrificed 29 Jun 1970.
Project Rubi. Weighed
209 Ibs.
Sacrificed 19 Aug 1970.
Project Quicksilver.
Sacrificed 9 Aug 1970.
Project Quicksilver.
Sacrificed 9 Aug 1970.
Project Quicksilver.
In herd. Saved for replace
ment.
49
-------
APPENDIX III. Calves Born into Herd 1 January 1969 - 31 December T970 cont'd.
Animal
No.
197
198
199
No No.
No No.
200
201
202
203
204
205
Date of Birth
Sex
Wt. at Birth
1 Jul 1970
Female
83 Ibs.
1 Jul 1970
Female
90 Ibs.
4 Jul 1970
Male
91 Ibs.
24 Jul 1970
Male
Not weighed
20 Aug 1970
Unknown
Unknown
2 Sep 1970
Male
Not weighed
3 Sep 1970
Male
Not weighed
5 Sep 1970
Female
Not weighed.
29 Sep 1970
Male
Not weighed
13 Oct 1970
Male
63 Ibs.
14 Oct 1970
Female
93 Ibs.
Dam &
Sire
No. 127
& 126
No. 45
& 126
No. 84
& H-50
No. 83
& H-290
No. 172
& A.I.
No. 46
& H-344
No. 173
& J-4931
No. 47
& H-303
No. 13
& H-344
No. 174
& J-4931
No. 87
& H-303
Type of
Breeding
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
Jersey
Holstein
Jersey
Holstein
Holstein
Jersey
Holstein
Remarks
In herd. Replacement
heifer.
In herd. Replacement
heifer.
Dead at birth.
No. 83 aborted a 5-month-
old fetus after treatment
for traumatic reticulitis.
Calf never found. Coyotes
may have killed and eaten
it.
Declared surplus. Trans-
ferred to University of
Nevada, Reno on 13 Nov 1970
Declared surplus. Trans-
ferred to University of
Nevada, Reno on 13 Nov 1970
Sacrificed 22 Dec 1970.
Baneberry Event.
Declared surplus. Trans-
ferred to University of
Nevada, Reno on 13 Nov 1970
Declared surplus. Trans-
ferred to University of
Nevada, Reno on 13 Nov 1970
Sacrificed 22 Dec 1970.
Baneberry Event.
50
-------
APPENDIX III. Calves Born into Herd 1 January 1969 - 31 December 1970 cont'd-
Animal
No.
206
207
208
209
Date of Birth
Sex
Wt. at Birth
16 Nov 1970
Male
93 Ibs.
20 Nov 1970
Male
96 Ibs.
17 Dec 1970
Female
28 Dec 1970
Female
Dam & Type of
Sire Breeding
No. 134 Holstein
& H-290
No. 11 Holstein
& H-290
No. 39 Holstein
& H-290
No. 21 Holstein
& 126
In herd.
In herd.
In herd.
heifer.
In herd.
heifer.
Remarks
Replacement
Replacement
*Indi bates twi ns.
51
-------
APPENDIX IV. Mastitis Incidence in Individual Cows (listed by date and quarter
affected)
Cow Jan-Mar
No. 1969
2
11
12 13-15 Feb
R.F.
13
16
18
19
21
26
Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec
1969 1969 1969
11-12 Jun
R.F.**
13-15 Apr 23-26 Aug
L.R. L.F.
19-21 Jun
L.F.
28-30 Jul 4-8 Oct
R.R. R.R.
20-22 Aug 18 Nov
L.R. L.R.
3-6 Sep 5-7 Dec
R.R. K.R.
13-15 Dec
L.R.
4-5 Aug
L.R.
Jan-Mar
1970
19-21 Jan
R.R.***
21-22 Feb
R.R.
19-21 Jan
L.F.t
16-18 Feb
R.R.
3 Jan
L.R.
8-10 Jan
R.R.
19-21 Jan
R.R.
13-19 Feb
R.R.
Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec
1970 1970 1970
18-20 Sep
L.R.*
2 Jun L.R.
3-5 Apr 25-31 Aug
R.R. R.F.
18 Sep
K K . 5 L K
14-16 May 30 Dec
R.R. L.F.
17-23 Jul
L.R.
29 Jul
L.R.
27 1-2 Apr 20-27 Aug
L.R. L.R., R.R.
52
-------
APPENDIX IV- Mastitis Incidence in Individual Cows (listed by date and quarter
affected) cont'd.
Jan-Mar
1969
Apr-Jun
1969
Jul-Sep
1969
Oct-Dec
1969
Jan-Mar
1970
Apr-Jun
1970
Jul-Sep
1970
Oct-Dec
1970
8-10 Apr
L.R.
29-30 Mar
L.F.
20-21 Dec
R.R.
62
14-19 May
L.R.
23-26 May
L.R.
28 Jul-
5 Aug
R.R.
Lost
quarter
11-20 Nov
R.F. Coliform
mastitis R.F.
quarter atrophied
2-3 Mar
L.R., R.R.
18-20 Jul
R.F.
4 Sep
L.F.
18-21 Sep
L.R.
15 Dec
R.F.
29-31 Jul
R.F.
21-23 Sep
L.F.
11-13 Aug
Coliform
mastitis while
on experiment.
Sacrificed.
71
10-11 Jul
L.R.
53
22-24 May 8 Jul R.R.
R.R. 22-23 Sep
30 Jun L.R.
L.R.
-------
APPENDIX IV. Mastitis Incidence in Individual Cows (listed by date and quarter
affected) cont'd.
Cow Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep
No. 1969 1969 1969
83 25 Feb-
3 Mar
R.R.
84
85 2-13 Jun 4-5 Aug
R.F. R.R.
86
87
Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep
1969 1970 1970 1970
7-9 Mar 29-31 Jul
K.K. R.R.
24-29 Aug
L.F.
22 Sep R.
8 Jul L.F
17-18 Apr
Oct-Dec
1970
R.
20-21 D(
L.R., L.F. L.F.
27-28 Apr. 27 Dec
L.R., L.F. L.F.
90 2-13 Jun
Severe udder
edema and
mastitis.
Sacrificed
92
116
117
119
122 15-19 Jul
All
123
127 15-19 Jul
All
21-22 Aug
R.F.
128
171
54
-------
APPENDIX IV. Mastitis Incidence in Individual Cows (listed by date and quarter
affected) cont'd.
CowJan-MarApr-JunJul-SepOct-DecJan-MarApr-JunJul-SepOct-Dec
No. 1969 1969 1969 1969 1970 1970 1970 1970
172
173
174
175
*L.R. = left rear quarter
**R.F. = right fore quarter
***R.R. = right rear quarter
tL.F. = left fore quarter
55
-------
APPENDIX Y. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing Participation in Experiments
Cow
No.
Shimoda
5/13/69
Wolf I
7/24/69
Plum
8/13/69
Endpoint
8/27/69
Thallus I
9/15/69
Wolf II
10/29/69
RIMS I
12/9/69
Lightwater I
12/22/69
en
11
12
13
16
18
19
21
Single I.V.
1311. Terminal
Study.
Oral molecular
131T
1
Oral inorganic
iodide 1311.
Oral multj
iodide
151?!'
Oral inorganic
iodide 13fi.
Multiple oral
181W. Terminal
Study.
Single oral
202T1.
Oral molecular Single oral H.
26
Control
-------
APPENDIX V. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing Participation in Experiments cont'd.
Cow
No.
27
35
Shimoda
5/13/69
Wolf I
7/24/69
Plum
8/13/69
Endpoint Thallus I Wolf II
8/27/69 9/15/69 10/29/69
Single oral 202T1
Terminal Study.
Multiple oral
RIMS I
12/9/69
Lightwater I
12/22/69
36
39
Multiple dose
Ingestion hay
131 123
Single oral Single oral
187
W
203
Pb
124
I capsule
181W. Terminal
Study.
Oral molecular
131,
43
Single oral
202T1.
Multiple oral
181W.
44
45
46
Ingestion hay
1311. Cap-
sule 1231,
124I.
Single oral
187W.
Single oral
203pb
Oral iodate.
1311. Terminal
Oral inorganic
iodide 13'I.
-------
APPENDIX V. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing Participation in Experiments cont'd.
en
00
Cow
No.
47
48
55
62
71
83
84
85
86
Shimoda
5/13/69
Ingestion hay
131I. Capsule
123T 124T
i , i .
Capsule
123j 124j
Wolf I Plum
7/24/69 8/13/69
Single Single oral
oral 203ph
187W_ Pb'
Single Single oral
oral 203DK
187,
Endpoint Thai 1 us I Wolf II RIMS I Lightwater I
8/27/69 9/15/69 10/29/69 12/9/69 12/22/69
Single oral Multiple oral Oral iodate
Oral iodate
Oral methyl -
iodide 1311.
Oral methyl
iodide 13'I
Single oral
Terminal Study
-------
APPENDIX V. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing Participation in Experiments cont'd.
Cow Shimoda Wolf I
No. 5/13/69 7/24/69
87
90
92
i
>
m
172
173
174
Plum i Endpoint Thallus I Wolf II RIMS I Lightwater
8/13/69 8/27/69 9/15/69 10/29/69 12/9/69 12/22/69
Single oral Multiple oral
ono n QI
ŁUŁ-|-i Oil
Tl . W.
Oral iodate Single oral
Single oral
I. Terminal
Study.
Oral molecular Single oral
nral methyl
iodide 131 1
Control
Oral inorganic
I
3H
3f
131
I
175
Oral iodate Single oral H
-------
APPENDIX V. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing Participation in Experiments cont'd.
Cow Thai 1 us II Rims II
No. 1/09/70 2/10/70
2
11 Multiole oral
202T,
13 Multiple oral
202T1
16
o
19
26
36
39 Multiple oral
202n
45
Wolf III Beryl Rubi Quicksilver Washout Ferric Baneberry
3/03/70 4/27/70 6/15/70 8/03/70 9/29/70 10/19/70 12/18/70
Single I.V. Single oral
187U 86Rb
Inhalation and
Ingestion study
Single oral Single oral Inhalation stud^
7Be 59Fe
Single oral Multiple in- Ingestion meta-
86Dr gestion wash- bolism study
Rb out 1311
Single I.V.
7Be
Terminal study
Single I.V.
187W
Single oral Single oral
7Ba 103Hg
Multiple in- Ingestion meta-
._ ** _ .1. J _ uh. L* A 1 ^ *Ť N4 f* 4* 1 1 f\ \ t
gestion
1311 dry
-------
APPENDIX V. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing Participation in Experiments cont'd.
Cow Thai!us II Rims II Wolf III Beryl Rubi
No. 1/09/70 2/10/70 3/03/70 4/22/70 6/15/70
Quicksilver
8/03/70
Washout Ferric Baneberry
9/29/70 10/19/70 12/18/70
46
48
62
83
r*
-i
84
85
87
90
116
Multiple oral
202T1
Single oral
7Be
Single I.V. Single oral
187
W
'Be
Single oral
203Hg
Terminal
Single I.V,
203Hg
Terminal
Single I.V.
86Rb
Terminal
Single I.V.
Single oral Ingestion
59
Fe
Multiple in-
gestion wash-
out 1311
Multiple in-
gestion 131i
dry
Study
Inhalation study
-------
APPENDIX V. List of Cows Arranged by Cow Number Showing Participation in Experiments cont'd.
Cow Thai 1 us II
No. 1/09/70
119
122
123
127
134
171
172
173
174
175
Rims II Wolf III Beryl Rubi Quicksilver Washout Ferric
2/10/70 3/03/70 4/22/70 6/15/70 8/03/70 9/29/70 10/19/70
Single oral
86Rb
Single oral Multiple in- Single oral
203H gestion dry 59pe
Single oral
86Rb
Single oral Multiple in- Single oral
203Un gestion wash- 59C.
Hg out! 31 i Fe
Oral 131I9 Single I.V.
2 59Fe
Oral Na131I
Oral Na131I
Oral 131I2
Oral 131I2
Baneberry
12/18/70
Inhalation and
ingestion study
Ingestion study
Inhalation study
Inhalation study
-------
DISTRIBUTION
1 - 20 National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, NV
21 Mahlon E. Gates, Manager, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
22 Robert H. Thalgott, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
23 Richard M. Pastore, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
24 Henry G. Vermillion, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
25 Arthur J. Whitman, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
26 Elwood M. Douthett, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
27 Paul B. Dunaway, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
28 Ernest D. Campbell, NVOO/AEC, Las V gas, NV
29 - 30 Technical Library, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
31 Chief, NOB/DNA, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, NV
32 Robert J. Catlin, Office of Environmental Affairs, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
33 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
34 Tommy F. McCraw, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
35 Assistant General Manager, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
36 Gordon C. Facer, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
37 John R. Totter, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
38 John S. Kirby-Smith, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
39 L. Joe Deal, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
40 Charles L. Osterberg, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
41 Rudolf J. Engelmann, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
42 Harold F. Mueller, ARL/NOAA, Las Vegas, NV
43 Gilbert J. Ferber, ARL/NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland
44 Stanley M. Greenfield, Assistnat Administrator for Research &
Monitoring, EPA, Washington, D. C.
45 William D. Rowe, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation
Programs, EPA, Washington, D. C.
46 Dr. William A. Mills, Dir., Div. of Criteria & Standards, ORP,
EPA, Washington, D. C.
47 - 48 Charles L. Weaver, Dir., Field Operations Div., ORP, EPA, Washington, D. C.
-------
Distribution (continued)
49 Ernest D. Harward, Act.Dir., Div. of Technology Assessment,
ORP, EPA, Washington, D. C.
50 Gordon Everett, Dir., Office of Technical Analysis, EPA,
Washington, D. C.
51 Library, EPA, Washington, D. C.
52 Bernd Kahn, Chief, Radiochemistry & Nuclear Engineering, EPA,
NERC-Cincinnati, Ohio
53 Kurt L. Feldmann, Managing Editor, Radiation Data & Reports, ORP,
EPA, Washington, D. C.
54 Dr. J. Frances Allen, ORM, EPA, Arlington, VA
55 Regional Admin., Region IX, EPA, San Francisco, CA
56 Regional Radiation Representative, Region IX, EPA, San Francisco, CA
57 Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, EPA, Montgomery, AL.
58 K. M. Oswald, Mgr., Health & Safety, ILL, Mercury, NV
59 Bernard W. Shore, ILL, Livermore, CA
60 James E. Carothers, ILL, Livermore, CA
61 Howard A. Tewes, LLL, Livermore, CA
62 Lawrence S. Germain, LLL, Livermore, CA
63 Paul L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, CA
64 Charles I. Browne, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
65 George E. Tucker, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
66 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
67 Arden E. Bicker, REECo., Mercury, NV
68 Savino W. Cavender, REECo., Mercury, NV
69 Carter D. Broyles, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
70 Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
71 Richard S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
72 Verle Q. Hale, Battelle Memorial Institute, Las Vegas, NV
73 Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge., TN
74 Leo K. Bustad, University of California, Davis, CA
75 Leonard A. Sagan, Palo Alto Medical Clinic, Palo Alto, CA
76 Vincent Schultz, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
77 Arthur Wallace, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
78 Wesley E. Niles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
-------
Distribution (concluded)
79 Robert C. Pendleton, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
80 William S. Twenhofel, U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO
81 Paul R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
82 John M. Ward, President, Desert Research Institute, University of
Nevada, Reno, NV
83 - 84 Technical Information Center, USAEC, Oak Ridge, TN
(for public availability)
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