NERC-LV-539-29 NERC-LV-539-29
TISSUE BURDENS OF SELECTED RADIONUCLIDES IN
BEEF CATTLE ON AND AROUND THE NEVADA TEST SITE
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Las Vegas
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, NV 89114
January 1976
This study performed under a Memorandum
of Understanding No. AT(26-l)-539
for the
U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
-------
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PRICE: PAPER COPY $5.45 MICROFICHE $2.25
-------
NERC-LV-539-29 NERC-LV-539-29
TISSUE BURDENS OF SELECTED RADIONUCLIDES IN
BEEF CATTLE ON AND AROUND THE NEVADA TEST SITE
by
D. D. Smith, S. C. Black, K. R. Giles
D. E. Bernhardt,** and R. R. Kinnison
Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Las Vegas
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Las Vegas, NV 89114
January 1976
This study performed under a Memorandum
of Understanding No. AT(26-1)-539
for the
U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
*
Dr. Black is with the Office of the Director, Environmental Monitoring
**and Support Laboratory - Las Vegas.
Mr. Bernhardt is with the Office of Radiation Programs - Las Vegas
Facility.
-------
Effective June 29, 1975, the National Environmental Research Center-
Las Vegas (NERC-LV) was designated the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas (EMSL-LV). This Laboratory is one of
three Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratories of the
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support in the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development.
-------
ABSTRACT
During 1972, cattle from three different herds on and around the
Nevada Test Site were sampled to determine the tissue burdens of
plutonium and uranium. The only other isotopes detected in tissues
were 90Sr, 131I, 137Cs, and 3H, although 95Zr, 103Ru, 140Ba, and 141Ce
were frequently found in rumen contents. The herds sampled were:
(1) a control herd from Searchlight, Nevada; (2) a herd from Area 18,
the Nevada Test Site; and (3) a herd grazing in the Operation Roller
Coaster Area of the Tonopah Test Range, where four chemical detonations
involving plutonium were conducted in 1963.
90
The Sr content of bone ash was similar to that measured in other
ruminants sampled in past years. The thyroids of cattle sacrificed in
131
May 1972 contained I ranging from 2 to 76 pCi/g which was attributed
to fallout from a nuclear test conducted on the Chinese mainland on
March 8, 1972. Elevated tritium levels were found in the blood of
selected cattle from the Roller Coaster herd which were maintained in
the feedlot on the Nevada Test Site near the Sedan crater, the site of
a nuclear test conducted in 1962.
The uranium content of the tissues sampled was relatively consistent
939
among the three herds; however, the geometric mean Pu was about
20 times higher in femurs from the Roller Coaster cattle than in femurs
from the Searchlight cattle. On the other hand, this ratio was much
lower in edible tissues. The hypothetical maximum bone dose from
plutonium and uranium for a man, accrued while ingesting 250 g/day for
50 years, was calculated to be about 10 mrem from beef muscle and 19 mrem
from beef liver. The yearly dose-rate values after the postulated 50-year
ingestion period are less than 1% of the yearly guide of 500 mrem per year.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
INTRODUCTION 1
PROCEDURES 4
Sample Analysis 9
RESULTS 11
DISCUSSION 14
ESTIMATES OF DOSE TO HUMANS 24
SUMMARY 29
REFERENCES 31
APPENDICES 33
DISTRIBUTION
ii
-------
LIST OF TABLES
TABLES Page
1. Vital Statistics of Study Cattle 5
2. Log-Normal Mean Actinide Concentrations in Cattle
in pCi per kg Tissue 16
3. Selected Data on Actinides in the Biosphere 21
4. Actinide Activity Ratios in Ci/Ci from
Log-Normal Means 22
5. Hypothetical Human Bone Dose from Actinides
in Beef Tissue 25
6. Parameters for Human Dose Calculations from ICRP 26
7. Comparison of Mass and Radiation Units for
Uranium Isotopes 27
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES
1. Approximate Grazing Locations of NTS, Roller Coaster,
and Searchlight Cattle 3
23Q
2. Log-Normal Mean and Range of Pu in Cattle Tissue 18
234
3. Log-Normal Mean and Range of U in Cattle. Tissue 19
iii
-------
INTRODUCTION
The biological studies working group of the Plutonium Studies Plan-
ning Group of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission met at the National
Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada (NERC-LV) on
January 7, 1971, for the purpose of developing an applied experimental
plan to support current and anticipated radiological safety needs of
the testing program at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Of particular
concern to this group were the environmental effects of the actinides,
especially the isotopes of plutonium. In order to assess the impact of
an actual plutonium release into the ecosystem, studies are planned in
which beef cattle, goats, and fistulated steers will live and graze over
an area of known plutonium contamination.
Preparation for these studies included the collection of baseline
data on plutonium levels in tissues from beef animals that lived their
entire lives in the Reno, Nevada, area exposed to no radiation other
than natural background radiation and worldwide fallout. Through the
cooperation of the University of Nevada, Reno, selected tissues were
collected as the source of baseline data from six beef animals as they
were being processed through the abattoir.
Meanwhile, in February of 1972, three beef animals that grazed over
the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) were purchased, sacrificed, necropsied, and
sampled as part of the routine surveillance activities of the Animal
Investigation Program of NERC-LV. These animals were from a commercial
herd of approximately 300 to 500 animals that graze the TTR area the
year round. An additional 2,000 animals graze in the area during the
late fall, winter, and early spring months. Each year suitable animals
*
Effective January 19, 1975, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission was desig-
nated the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration. Effective
June 29, 1975, the National Environmental Research Center-Las Vegas
(NERC-LV) was designated the Environmental Monitoring and Support Labora-
tory-Las Vegas.
1
-------
are removed and sold to feedlot operators and eventually enter the retail
meat market.
Analysis of selected tissues from two of these animals indicated the
presence of elevated levels of plutonium when compared to the baseline
data from the Reno samples. The plutonium levels in these animals were
thought to have resulted from grazing on areas contaminated during the
events of Operation Roller Coaster, which was a joint United States and
United Kingdom experiment to determine the plutonium hazards from non-
nuclear accidents with plutonium-bearing weapons. Four chemical detona-
tions involved such weapons. The events in this series and their dates
were:
Double Track May 15, 1963
Clean Slate I May 25, 1963
Clean Slate II May 31, 1963
Clean Slate III June 9, 1963
Double Track and Clean Slate I and II released detectable levels of
plutonium to off-site areas. '
When plutonium data from these animals were presented to the Ad Hoc
Plutonium Committee, Nevada Applied Ecology Group of the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission Nevada Operations Office (NV/AEC) it was recommended
that additional studies be initiated to develop more complete data con-
cerning plutonium levels in cattle grazing on and near the Roller Coaster
sites. Therefore, an experimental plan was developed which included the
collection of a number of cattle samples from the TTR herd, from a
control herd grazing a similar, but uncontaminated, range and from the
NTS herd. The approximate grazing locations of these herds are shown
on the map (Figure 1).
-------
TEMPIUTE i
HIKO '
eOLDRELD 4 {
COYOTE SMT.
HANCOCK SM
I
i
SCOTTY'S JCT.
• AREA 15 DAIRY FARM
N ELLIS
AIR FORCE
I RANGE |
i I
I I
SPRIN6DALE
LATHROP WELLS
INDIAN SPRINGS
CACTUS SPRINGS
FURNACE
CREEK
DEATH
VALLEY JCT.
PAHRUMP
LAS VE6AS
SHOSHONE
RIDGECREST
SEARCHLIGHT
Figure 1. Approximate Grazing Locations of NTS, Roller Coaster, and
Searchlight Cattle.
-------
PROCEDURES
The study was designed to sample both mature and young beef animals
from each of the three herds mentioned previously. The vital statistics
of all study animals are presented in Table 1. After capture on the
range, all animals were transported to the NTS abattoir for sacrifice,
necropsy, and sampling. Unless otherwise noted, sacrificed cattle
received no supplemental feed between capture and sacrifice. Sacrifice
usually occurred within 24 hours of capture. Occasionally, because of
testing activities, this period was extended to 48 hours. For identifi-
cation purposes, the cattle from the TTR herd are hereinafter designated
as Roller Coaster Cattle.
For the feedlot group, five young cattle from the Roller Coaster
area were maintained in a feedlot at Area 15, NTS, from July 1 to
October 19, 1972. They were then transported to the NTS facility for
sacrifice, necropsy, and sampling.
All animals were sacrificed by firing a .243 caliber bullet into the
brain. Immediately after death and exsanguination, each animal was
necropsied and gross pathological conditions noted. The adrenals, eyes,
heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, muscle, spleen, thyroid, and gonads of
of each animal were sampled and prepared for histopathological evaluation.
Tissues collected for radioanalysis included rumen contents, reticulum
sediment, liver, lungs, tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes, muscle, thyroid,
blood or urine, kidneys, fetus (if present), and bone (femur, ribs,
and/or vertebrae), though not all analyses were performed on all tissues.
Also, sufficient rumen contents were collected for botanical analysis.
Soil samples were collected from the Searchlight range. Sample
locations (Appendix IV-11) were selected from undisturbed areas within
the cattle grazing areas. The sampling method was that used by the
Terrestrial Monitoring Branch of NERC-LV.^ ' Each soil sample consisted
of ten composited soil cores that were selected from an area of not less
-------
Table 1. Vital Statistics of Study Cattle
Nevada Test Site Cattle
Cow No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Roller
Cow No.
4
Date of
Collection
5/10/72
5/10/72
5/10/72
5/10/72
5/10/72
5/10/72
5/10/72
Coaster Site
Date of
Collection
5/23/72
Age Location
1 yr Area 18, NTS
8 yrs "
4 yrs "
1 yr
1 yr
14 yrs Area 15, NTS
11*5 yrs
Cattle
Age Location
7 yrs Tonopah Test
Remarks
Hereford steer. Spent entire
life in Area 18, NTS.
Hereford cow. Spent entire
life in Area 18, NTS.
Hereford steer. Spent entire
life in Area 18, NTS except
for 3 months at Area 15 when
on a tritium study.
Hereford steer. Spent entire
life in Area 18, NTS.
Hereford steer. Spent entire
life in Area 18, NTS.
Hoi stein cow. Numerous radio-
iodine experiments, including
Palanquin. Three-month-old
fetus. Never grazed on range.
Holstein cow. Cystic ovaries,
not responsive to treatment
Never grazed on range.
Remarks
Hereford cow. Spent entire
Range
5 5/23/72 1 yr
6 5/23/72 2% yrs
7 5/23/72 2*5 yrs
8 5/23/72 1 yr
life on TTR. Caught NE of
Antelope Springs on May 20,
1972.
Brahma bull. Spent entire
life on TTR. Caught SE of
Antelope Springs on May 21,
1972.
Hereford cow. Spent entire
life on TTR. Caught at Able
Gate on May 20, 1972.
Angus cow. Spent entire life
on TTR. Caught S end of
Antelope Lake on May 21, 1972.
Shorthorn steer. Spent entire
life on TTR. Caught S end of
Antelope Lake on May 21, 1972.
-------
Table 1. Vital Statistics of Study Cattle (contd)
Roller Coaster Site Cattle
Cow No.
9
10
11
12
12F
13
Date of
Collection
5/31/72
5/31/72
5/31/72
5/31/72
5/31/72 8
6/6/72
Age Location
1 yr Tonopah Test
Range
\h yrs
1 yr
14+ yrs "
mo. fetus "
14+ yrs "
Remarks
Charolais steer. Spent entire life
on TTR. Caught at Able Gate
Hereford steer. Spent entire life
on TTR. Caught at Able Gate.
Hereford heifer. Spent entire life
on TTR. Caught at Able Gate.
Hereford cow. Spent entire life
on TTR. Caught at Able Gate.
Eight months pregnant.
Eight-month-old fetus of cow 12.
Angus cow. Spent entire life on
TTR. Caught at Able Gate.
Searchlight Cattle
Cow No.
1
Date of
Collection
6/13/72
Age Location
8+ yrs 5 miles W of
Remarks
Hereford cow. Lived three years
Searchlight, NV
6/13/72
1 yr
6/14/72
1 yr
6/14/72 8+ yrs
6/14/72 , 8+ yrs
at Searchlight; orginally from
Sells, AZ. Contained 2%-month-
old fetus.
Hereford heifer. Spent entire
life at Searchlight, NV. For
last two months had received
supplemental alfalfa hay while
on range.
Hereford heifer. Spent entire
life at Searchlight, NV. For
last two months had received
supplemental alfalfa hay while
on range.
Hereford cow. Lived past three
years at Searchlight; originally
from Sells, AZ.
Hereford cow. Lived past three
years at Searchlight; originally
from Sells, AZ. Uterus contained
2-month-old fetus.
-------
Table 1. Vital Statistics of Study Cattle (contd)
Searchlight Cattle
Cow No.
Date of
Collection
Age
Location
Remarks
6/14/72
8+ yrs
Five miles W of
Searchlight, NV
6/14/72
8+ yrs
8
6/14/72
1 yr
6/14/72
1 - 2 yrs
10
6/14/72
1 yr
Hereford cow. Lived past
three years at Searchlight;
orginally from Sells, AZ.
Uterus contained 4-month-
old fetus.
Hereford cow. Lived past
three years at Searchlight;
originally from Sells, AZ.
Uterus contained 2-month-
old fetus.
Hereford heifer. Spent
entire life at Searchlight,
NV. For last two months
had received supplemental
alfalfa hay while on range.
Hereford steer. Spent
entire life at Searchlight,
NV. For last two months
had received supplemental
alfalfa hay while on range.
Hereford heifer. Spent
entire life at Searchlight,
NV. For last two months
had received supplemental
alfalfa hay while on range.
-------
Table 1. Vital Statistics of Study Cattle (contd)
Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle
Animal Date of Age
No. Collection Years Location
Remarks
14
10/19/72
1-1/2
Area 15, NTS
5/23/72-10/19/72
15
10/19/72 1-1/2
16
10/19/72
Area 15, NTS
6/20/72-10/19/72
17
10/19/72
18
10/19/72
1-1/2
19
10/19/72 1/2
Area 15, NTS
5/14/72-10/19/72
Hereford steer. Spent entire
life on TTR except for period
in feedlot at Area 15. Weight
gain from 346 Ibs to 617 Ibs.
Hereford-Angus crossbred
heifer. Spent entire life on
TTR'except for period in feed-
lot at Area 15. Weight gain
from 425 Ibs to 690 Ibs.
Hereford-Angus crossbred
heifer. Spent entire life on
TTR except for period in feed-
lot at Area 15. Weight gain
from 676 Ibs to 840 Ibs/
Hereford-Angus crossbred
heifer. Spent entire life on
TTR except for period in feed-
lot at Area 15. Weight gain
from 383 Ibs to 573 Ibs.
Hereford steer. Spent entire
life on TTR except for period
in feedlot at Area 15. Weight
gain from 621 Ibs to 837 Ibs.
Hoi stein steer. Born and
raised at Area 15, NTS.
Placed in feedlot on 1 July 72
to serve as a control. Final
weight 465 Ibs.
8
-------
than 10 yards in diameter. The dimensions of each individual core were
10 cm by 10 cm in an area 5- cm deep. Therefore, the surface area of the
2
total sample was 1,000 cm . Samples of feed and water consumed by the
feedlot cattle were also collected for analysis.
Sample Analysis
All samples were analyzed by the Technical Support Laboratory of the
NERC-LV. Replicate samples were not analyzed; however, plutonium
analytical procedures described below as applied to soil analysis have
been cross-calibrated with other laboratories. Plutonium-236 is used
as a tracer and yield percentages are determined to indicate recovery.
All data are reported at the 95% confidence level and are corrected to
time of collection. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) for each
radionuclide is listed in Appendix VII.
The soft tissues and rumen contents were prepared for gamma analysis
by grinding and placing in 1,000-ml polyethylene Marinelli beakers.
Those of smaller volume; i.e., thyroid, kidneys, etc., were prepared
for analysis by macerating in a blender and suspending in an agar
solution in a 400-ml container. The samples were counted for 100 minutes
on a 4-inch by 4-inch Nal(Tl) crystal connected to 200 channels of a
400-channel pulse-height analyzer calibrated at 10 keV/channel.
Soft tissues and bone samples submitted for strontium, plutonium,
and uranium analyses were prepared by a multi-stage ashing process.
Initially the samples were oven dried at 105°C for 16 to 72 hours.
The temperature was raised at intervals over an 8- to 48-hour period
of time to a temperature of 480°C and ashed for 16 hours or more to
produce an ash with the least possible amount of carbon (grey-black
stage). At this point, in order to prevent fusion of the sample to the
container, ashing was completed by nitric acid digestion. The radio-
nuclide content of the sample is reported in pCi per kg of wet weight
and pCi per g of ash; however, because of the variation in percent
ash obtained with this procedure, it is recommended that the pCi/kg
wet weight data be used when comparing data among tissues.
-------
The plutonium was analyzed by alpha spectrometry. ' * ' The
uranium analysis (unpublished) consisted of the dissolution of the
tissue ash, separation by ion exchange, electroplating, and counting
by alpha spectrometry. Other radionuclide analytical procedures
(5)
used at NERC-LV were described previously/ '
Tissue and lesion samples collected for histopathologic examination
were first fixed in a 10% formalin solution. They were then prepared
as 5-pm sections with hematoxylin and eosin stain and submitted to a
pathologist for interpretation.
A 200- to 300-g sample of rumen content was collected for botanical
analysis. These samples were frozen until analyzed. Samples were
prepared by washing and screening a random aliquot, which was then
examined under a binocular microscope. Individual species of browse,
forbs, and grasses were identified by procedures described elsewhere. '
After the species in the sample were identified, a visual estimate was
made of the fraction of each species in the sample.
10
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RESULTS
All of the results of radionuclide analysis are tabulated in the
appendices to this report. Where ± values are included, they are the
two-sigma counting errors. The median values as well as the range are
also indicated for each tissue in each experimental group. In order,
the appendices represent the following experimental groups of cattle:
A. Baseline group (Reno cattle) - Appendix I
B. Initial Roller Coaster group (TTR cattle) - Appendix II
C. Roller Coaster group (10 additional from TTR) - Appendix III
D. Control group (from Searchlight, Nevada) - Appendix IV
E. NTS group (five from Area 18, two dairy cows) - Appendix V
F. Feedlot group (five TTR cattle in Area 15 corrals for
4 to 5 months) - Appendix VI
The rumen contents collected from range animals contained the greatest
variety of gamma-emitting radionuclides, with Zr, Ru, Ba, and
141
Ce frequently detected. The levels in the rumen contents from cattle
at all three range sites were similar. Of these radionuclides, only
137
Cs was detected in the muscle. Zirconium-95 was detected in the lungs'
of the NTS cattle. Lungs collected from animals grazing other sites were
not analyzed by gamma spectroscopy, as the entire lung was ashed for
actinide analysis.
The thyroids of all seven NTS cattle contained detectable levels of
I ranging from 2 to 21 pCi/g. All the thyroids, including that from
1 *?!
a fetus, collected from Roller Coaster site cattle also contained I
ranging from 3.7 to 76 pCi/g. Only three of the thyroids collected from
the Searchlight cattle, sacrificed several weeks after the NTS and
131
Roller Coaster groups, contained detectable levels of I. All of these
131
elevated I levels are attributed to a nuclear detonation conducted
on March 8, 1972, by the People's Republic of China/7)
Tritium levels detected in the blood of the range animals were at
background levels except for one steer from the NTS beef herd
(2,100 ± 240 pCi/1). However, this animal was utilized in an experiment
11
-------
designed to determine the biological half-life of tritium in cattle and
was injected intravenously with 50 mCi of HTO on March 8, 1971
(unpublished data). Blood from the two NTS dairy cows and the Roller
Coaster feedlot cattle contained elevated levels of tritium. The
Area 15 corrals where these animals were maintained (4 to 5 months for
the feedlot animals, 8 years for the dairy cattle) are located within
2 miles of the Sedan crater, the site of a 1962 nuclear detonation,
which was the probable source of their tritium exposure.
89
Detectable levels of Sr in the bones of the study animals were
90
infrequently reported. The Sr levels in the femurs collected from
animals of all four groups were very consistent, as the median values
for the groups ranged from 3.0 to 5.1 pCi/g of ash. These values are
consistent with those reported for other ruminants (cattle, deer, and
desert bighorn sheep) of this area sampled during the past few
years.'8' 9- 10> ">
Rumen content samples for botanical analysis were not collected from
the NTS cattle or from non-grazing animals (Roller Coaster feedlot
animals). The generic makeup of the vegetation in the rumen contents
from the Roller Coaster and Searchlight cattle was approximately the
same, with grass species providing the majority of the diet on both
ranges.
The botanical composition of the diet of the cattle ranging the
Roller Coaster sites was as follows: forbs ranged from a trace to 2%
with a median of 1%, shrubs ranged from a trace to 3% with a median of
1%, and the grasses ranged from 95% to over 99% with a median of 98%.
The forb percentage of the diet of the Searchlight cattle ranged
from a trace to 4% with a median of 1%, shrubs provided a trace to 7%
with a median of 2%, and grass species in the ingesta ranged from 89%
to over 99% with a median of 97%.
Necropsies of the sacrificed animals revealed only incidental
lesions. The necropsy protocols for each animal are on file at NERC-LV.
The pathologist, Dr. W. C. Ward, of the Washington State University,
12
-------
who conducted the microscopic examination of selected tissues concluded,
"The lesions found in this group of animals are not significantly dif-
ferent from what one would expect to find in a normal population of the
same age group." He also made the following general comments:
Heart - Sarcocysts were seen frequently. A lymphocytic infiltrate
was seen in a few hearts and may be related to sarcocysts.
Ovary - Most of the ovaries appeared normal and active. A few
cystic lesions were seen.
Kidney - The mononuclear infiltrates seen frequently in these
kidneys are also commonly seen in other animals with
the same frequency. The significance of their presence
is unknown.
13
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DISCUSSION
Possible reasons for discrepancies among the experimental animals,
with regard to tritium concentration in blood and I concentration
in thyroid, were mentioned previously under the "Results" section. The
variations in actinide concentrations result from several factors acting
in concert. A reasonable hypothesis is that plutonium in worldwide
fallout would consist of fairly small particulates which would be
relatively uniformly deposited, thus minimizing sampling variation in
environmental samples. However, the contamination on TTR, and probably
on NTS Area 18, may consist of larger particulates which would cause
larger variations in such samples. Therefore, the range of values
found in the rumen content and reticulum sediment samples as reported
in the Appendices is not unexpected.
In addition to the physical nature of the deposit and the expected
biological variation, there may be a variation with age of the animal.
When the concentration of plutonium in bone is plotted as a function of
age for each experimental group, there is some indication of increasing
concentration with increasing age. This hypothesis was tested statisti-
cally by the Mana-Whitney U-test with the result being a probability of
between 95 and 99% that the concentration did increase with age. The
data were too few to derive any explicit information on the type of
buildup or the effective half-life.
One of the first considerations for manipulation of data is the form
in which the data should be expressed so that comparison among experi-
mental groups may be made. The median values, as shown in the tabulated
data in the Appendices, are useful for some purposes and are easy to
calculate. However, the mean value is more useful statistically. As
with much biological data, the actinide concentrations in cattle appear
to be distributed log-normally, so the log-normal means were calculated
for each sample group and are displayed in Table 2. For this purpose,
it was assumed that the variation with age was minor compared to other
14
-------
variations. Furthermore, all "less than" values in the Appendices were
divided by two for calculating these means.
A concise graphical depiction of the data from this project is shown
in Figures 2 and 3. The log-normal mean and range for similar samples
from each experimental group are shown so that visual comparison can be
made.
The log-normal mean data from Table 2 can be used to draw some useful
conclusions from the experiment. For example, the data are internally
consistent since the 234U/238ll ratios are close to 1.07 (pCi of 234U to
238 238 235
pCi of U) which is the natural ratio, and the "°u/"au ratio is near
22, which is also the natural value. Of the tissues examined, the
Pu/U ratio was generally highest in the liver, a finding that is con-
sistent with other data indicating that the liver stores plutonium.^ '
Both the lung and tracheo-bronchial lymph node data suggest that
plutom'um inhalation is higher for the NTS herd than for the Roller
Coaster cattle. The higher uranium concentration and lower plutom'um
concentration in the dairy cows, compared to the rest of the NTS group,
suggest different exposures and, therefore, two different populations
from which the samples were drawn.
The suitability of the Searchlight herd as a baseline group is
239
confirmed by the soil data shown in Appendix IV. The mean Pu activity
239
is 0.009 pCi/g soil which averages out to a Pu deposition in that
2
area of 0.61 mCi/km . The average deposition of plutom'um in the U. S.
2
of 1.7 mCi/km is about 3 times that found in the Searchlight area.
239
However, the Pu concentration in femur was about 1.7 times and in
the liver about 2.2 times that found in the Reno cattle in 1971. On
the average, human bone contains about 1/3 times and human liver about
7 times the plutom'um concentrations found in the Searchlight cattle.
Some of the published baseline data on plutom'um and uranium are shown
in Table 3.
In Table 3, the average U.S. soil is reported as containing 0.76 pg
234
of uranium per gram of soil (0.27 pCi of U per gram), which is about
15
-------
Table 2. Log-Normal Mean Actinide Concentrations in Cattle in pCi per kg Tissue
cr>
Group
S(10)*
N(5)
D(2)
RC(10)
F(5)
C(D
S
N
D
RC
F
C
R
S
N
D
RC
F
C
Kidney Rib
0.04
0.12
0.27
0.17
0.12
1.8
5.4
0.11
0.47
0.46
1.3
0.16 0.17
2.9
4.9
Femur
0.049
0.048
0.10
0.25
0.28
0.12
0.21
0.41
0.28
4.02
4.6
0.38
0.12
0.72
0.38
1.2
0.39
1.85
1.9
Vertebra Liver Lung
Plutonium- 238
0.023 0.028
0.076 0.16
0.14 0.18
0.078 0.038
0.18 0.27 0.043
0.085 0.041 0.031
Plutonium- 239
0.12 0.107
0.44 1.2
0.66 1.06
0.83 0.43
5.8 4.5 0.29
0.34 0.32 0.042
0.054 0.027
Uranium- 234
0.064 0.17
0.19 0.28
0.14 0.39
0.085 0.20
1.3 0.25 0.22
1.7 0.22 3.7
**
TBLN
0.68
0.53
0.53
0.84
0.45
0.24
0.42
4.4
16
2.3
0.49
0.18
1.32
3.95
3.2
Muscle
0.013
0.061
0.035
0.03
0.015
0.012
0.023
0.10
0.18
0.044
0.174
0.012
0.19
0.010
Rumen
Content
0.046
0.43
0.16
0.063
0.062
0.21
0.33
4.3
6.3
0.79
1.3
3.6
1.90
1.7
16
2.81
10.2
18
Reticulum
Sediment
1.26
0.68
2.0
7.0
1.6
1.3
11.2
134
260
18
3,100
25,000
-------
Table 2. Log-Normal Mean Actinide Concentrations in Cattle in pCi per kg Tissue (contd)
Group
S
N
D
RC
F
C
S
N
D
RC
F
C
Ki dney
0.015
0.055
0.014
0.42
1.2
0.12
Rib
0.021
0.008
0.098
0.18
0.53
0.14
2.7
4.6
Femur
0.030
0.014
0.04
0.015
0.055
0.094
0.63
0.34
0.78
0.28
1.7
1.7
Vertebra Liver
Uranium-235
0.0073
0.013
0.01
0.015
0.065 0.014
0.085 0.012
Uranium- 238
0.054
0.14
0.88
0.058
1.2 0.22
1.6 0.19
Lung TBLN**
0.017
0.013
0.019
0.019
0.008 0.28
0.40 0.18
0.153
0.25
0.35
0.14
0.20 3.6
3.5 2.9
Rumen
Muscle Content
0.052
0.065
0.52
0.11
0.028 0.34
0.010 0.60
1.86
1.5
13
2.52
0.176 9.5
0.01 15
Reticulum
Sediment
11
0.88
95
1,100
250
16
2,900
24,000
) indicates number of animals.
Tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes.
A blank space indicates no analysis.
S = Searchlight herd
N = NTS
D = Dairy cows
RC = Roller Coaster
F = Feedlot
C = Control calf
R = Reno
-------
239,
Po pCi/kg FRESH WEIGHT
(£3
o
K)
o
(O
— o-
10
fD
CU
OJ
3
Q.
(Q
ft)
—' O
00 -»)
ro
co
I—©-
SL
-
o
0.
(O
VI
to
CD
Jf •
o. =•
-------
234
U pCi/kg FRESH WEIGHT
o
ro
n>
o
I
o
o>
n>
o>
3
O>
3
CI-
TS
(£3
n>
ro
co
o
o>
n>
*/>
c
n>
CA
I i
n ?
! I
o
K>
o
n
o
-o •
-i— I
o
L
_S
(O
i.i
-------
1/4 the concentration measured in Searchlight. Human bone samples,
though, contain about 3 times the concentration of U as those of
the Searchlight cattle.
239 238
The ratio of Pu to Pu is reported as between 5 and 25 for
air filter samples and between 3 and 27 for soil samples. The data in
Table 4, for cattle samples, indicate that this ratio ranges from <1
238
to about 40. This range may occur because most of the Pu values
were less than the minimum detectable activity (MDA) which may have
distorted the 239/238pu ratio.
The data on fetal tissue concentration from the Searchlight and
Roller Coaster groups suggest that both uranium and plutonium pass the
placenta! barrier. The data, though, are too few or are inappropriate
for determining transfer coefficients with any degree of confidence.
The data from the feedlot group suggest an increased plutonium
concentration in those animals as compared to the other samples from
the TTR herd. Since the two dairy cows in the NTS group lived at
the Area 15 farm for several years, yet contained less plutonium in
bone, the increase in the feedlot group must be attributed to their
previous exposure on the TTR. This anomaly is therefore considered
as due to sampling error. If this experiment were to be repeated, it
would be desirable to collect a new group of cattle from TTR, remove
sufficient samples of coccygeal vertebrae for analysis, then sample
the same tissue again after prolonged feedlot maintenance to measure
individual changes in plutonium concentration.
Some clue to the physical form of plutonium in the environment may
be gained by examining the tissue distribution in the various groups.
C\2)
Work with mice and dogsv ' indicates that polymeric plutonium deposits
chiefly in liver, spleen, and lungs with much less in the skeleton.
The concentration of the monomeric form, however, was about equal in
liver and skeleton. Those data indicate that the Searchlight and NTS
cattle ingested mostly monomeric plutonium while the dairy cows ingested
mostly the polymeric form. The other groups had higher concentrations
in bone than in liver.
20
-------
Table 3. Selected Data on Actinides in the Biosphere
Sample Type
Unit
239
Pu
239Pu/238Pu
234y 238
U
Remarks
Human Bone
pCi/kg 0.04r
0.12°
Human Liver
Soil
pCi/g
2
mCi/km
Precipitation
Air
1.5
0.07
0.78
0.63
°-43
0.70
0.01
0.5 1
3.3T
27h
2.1d 1.95"
0.27a 0.25a
For 6 of 50 cases-
others negative
For 6 of 50 cases
Derby, CO (1965)
Average of 13 sites
in continental U. S.
Total for 1953 to 1962
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
G. A. Welford and R. Baird, Uranium levels in human diet and biological
materials. Health Phys. 13, 1321 (1967).
P. J. Magno, P. E. Kauffman and B. Shleien, Plutonium in environmental and
biological media. Health Phys. 13, 1325 (1967).
E. E. Campbell, et al., Plutonium in Autopsy Tissue. LA-4875, Los Alamos
Scientific Lab (T97IJ.
I. C. Nelson, K. R. Heid, P. A. Fuqua and T. D. Mahony, Plutonium in
autopsy tissue samples. Health Phys. 22_, 925-30 (1972).
A. J. Magno, P. E. Kauffman and P. R. Grouix, Plutonium-239 in human
tissues and bone. Rad. Health Data Rpt. 10., 47 (1969).
J. E. Herceg, Environmental Monitoring in the Vicinity of Los Alamos
Scientific Lab. LA-4970, Los Alamos Scientific Lab, Los Alamos, NM (1972).
P. W. Krey and E. P. Hardy, Plutonium in Soil Around the Rocky Flats Plant.
HASL-235, NY Health and Safety Lab, p. 44 (August 1970).
E. P. Hardy, P. W. Krey and H. L. Volchok, Global Inventory and Distribu-
tion of Plutonium-238 from SNAP-9A. Report HASL-250, NY Health and Safety
Lab, NY (1972).
W. E. Grammit and C. E. Guthric, Assessment of the radiation dose to
Canadians from fallout. Can.J. Phys. 42, 287 (1964).
Plutonium in airborne particulates, April-June 1972. Rad. Health Data
Rpt. 14. 42 (1973).
21
-------
Table 4. Actinide Activity Ratios in Ci/Ci from Log-Normal Means
Group Kidney
**
S(10)
N(5) 1.09
0(2) 1.08
RC(10) 1.33
F(5)
C(l)
S
N
D
RC
F
C
S
N
D
RC
F
C
S
N 31
D 24
RC 11
F
C
Rib
1.11
1.21
1.07
1.07
3.0
15.0
20.0
0.65
0.2
11
1.9
0.02
28 .
21
30
27
Femur
1.14
1.12
1.54
1.21
1.06
1.12
4.3
8.5
2.8
1.6
16.4
3.2
0.29
1.1
0.23
1.2
2.6
0.2
24
27
30
23
33
20
Vertebra Liver
234U:238U
1.18
1.36
1.56
1.46
1.08 1.14
1.06 1.16
239D 238
Pu:
4.3
5.8
4.7
11
32 17
4.0 7.8
239 234
"yPu: M
1.6
2.3
4.7
9.8
4.5 18
0.2 1.4
234U.235U
8.8
15
14
5.7
20 18
20 18
Lung
1.11
1.12
1.11
1.28
1.10
1.06
r*
Pu
3.6
7.5
5.9
8.7
6.7
1.4
U
0.6
4.3
2.7
1.8
1.3
0.01
10
22
21
9.5
28
9.2
TBLN*
1.10
1.10
0.61
8.3
30
2.7
1.1
0.75
0.12
0.06
14
18
Muscle
1.08
1.00
1.8
1.6
5.1
1.4
11
1.0
0.84
1.2
6.8
1.0
Rumen
Con.
1.02
1.13
1.23
1.12
1.05
1.20
7.2
10
39
12
21
17
0.17
2.5
0.39
0.28
0.13
0.2
37
26
31
26
30
30
Ret.
Sed.
1.04
1.12
1.07
1.04
1.1
1.9
5.5
19
0.005
0.07
0.004
0.005
24
20
33
23
^Jracheo-bronchial lymph nodes.
( ) indicates number of animals.
S = Searchlight herd
N = Nevada Test Site
D = Dairy cows
RC = Roller.Coaster
F = Feedlot :
C = Control calf
A blank space indicates no analysis,
22
-------
The actinide concentrations in the three animals from the TTR sampled
in February (Appendix II) were similar to the concentrations found in
the ten Roller Coaster animals discussed herein. Not only are the con-
centration ranges similar, but also when the mean value of 239Pu for all
13 animals is calculated it results in 3.86 pCi/kg for the femur compared
to the 4.08 pCi/kg for the ten samples shown in Table 2. Likewise, the
?34
U is 0.51 compared to 0.39 in Table 2. These data would have been
combined except that the same tissue types were not collected in both
sampling efforts.
An earlier collection of cattle samples was made from the same area
in August 1967. In that experiment, six animals were sampled and the
results reported."^i jne piutonium concentrations were much higher in
the 1967 collection; e.g. 580 pCi/kg fresh femur vs. 4 pCi/kg reported
herein. The other tissues sampled (lung, muscle, tracheo-bronchial
lymph nodes, and rumen contents) were also higher by one to two orders
of magnitude, only the liver samples yielded a mean value similar to
that in Table 2 (0.99 vs. 0.83). However, the analytical procedure used
in 1967 was relatively non-specific so that other alpha-emitters may have
been detected and then reported as piutonium. That procedure involved
solution of the tissue ash, liquid/liquid extraction, and liquid
scintillation counting.
Doubts about the analytical procedure preclude any meaningful
comparison between the 1967 study and the study reported herein.
The comparatively high levels of uranium detected in rumen contents
and reticulum sediment in the cattle maintained in the Area 15 feed lot
(five Roller Coaster animals and a control Holstein calf) appear to be
related to the uranium content of the fattening concentrate fed them
(see Appendix VI-11). It is thought that the source of the uranium in
this concentrate was defluorinated phosphate rock (DPR) which is commonly
used as a source of phosphorus in feed supplements. A study by Habashi* '
indicates that a beef animal fed a daily ration of 0.5 kg DPR would
receive approximately 20 times the permissible intake of uranium/ '
23
-------
ESTIMATES OF DOSE TO HUMANS
Table 5 presents dose estimates for the edible bovine tissues contain-
ing the highest concentrations of the actinides. These hypothetical bone
doses are for continuous intake of 250 grams per day of the indicated
tissue:
a. The dose commitment resulting from continuous intake for a year.
The dose commitment represents the dose for a 50-year period
after intake. For plutonium this is the same as the yearly
dose rate after ingestion for 50 years.
b. The cumulative dose accrued during an ingestion period of
50 years.
The dose calculations are based on the data and techniques in
ICRP-IO^15) with some supplemental data from ICRP-2^16^ and Stehn.^17^
The data used in the calculations, along with the calculated dose factors,
are given in Table 6.
The dose factors in Table 6 are based on several time periods of
integration. It is assumed that once plutonium is deposited in the bone
the quantity is only reduced by radioactive decay. The integration factors
for plutonium are based on the integral of e" dt from zero to 50 years,
where x is the radioactive decay constant (x = 0.693/half-life).
The dose parameters are based on the standard ICRP equation:^ '
rem = uC1 davs x f x 51 2 x Effective Energy (MeV)
rem - pli-days x T x •>!.<: x Organ Mass (g)
where
51.2 is the units conversion factor for energy and time in units of
rem-disintegration-g/yCi-day-MeV,
Effective Energy is taken from Table 6,* ' '
Organ mass of bone is 7,000 grams/ ' ^
uCi-days x f is the integral of ingested activity times its residence
time in the bone, and
f is the fraction of activity transmitted to the bone.
24
-------
Table 5. Hypothetical Human Bone Dose from Actinides in Beef Tissue.
(Based on consumption of 250 g/day of beef sample)
Hypothetical Bone Dose
ro
in
Sample with
Maximum
Concentration
Feedlot #18 -
Dairy Cow #7 -
Feedlot #17 -
Feedlot #18 -
Feedlot #16 -
Feedlot #15 -
Dairy Cow #7 -
Liver
Muscle
Li ver
Muscle
Based
Liver
Muscle
Ki dney
Li ver
Muscle
Measured
pCi/kg
Postulated
Intake
pCi/day
Plutonium- 238
1.2
<1.2
PI
7.6
3.0
Uranium-234,
on Cone, of
0.62
0.72
1.6
0.3
<0.3
utonium-239
1.9
0.75
-235, & -238
Uranium-234*
0.16
0.18
0.40
mrem per year
after ingestion
for 50 years
0.08
<0.08
0.60
0.24
0.06
0.07
0.15
0.7
0.4
mrem in 50 years
after ingestion
for 1 year
0.08
<0.08
0.60
0.24
0.006
0.007
0.01
Total Dose
0.7
0.3
mrem accrued
during 50 years
of ingestion
2.2
<2.2
15
5-9
1.9
2.2
4.9
19
10
*The uranium doses are based on the maximum measured uranium-234 concentrations and the associated
theortical concentrations of uranium-235 and-238.
-------
Table 6. Parameters for Human Dose Calculations from ICRP
'Juclide
238Pu
239Pu
234U
235U
23S0
Total U
Based on
Effective
Energy
(MeV)tl4)
280
270
240
230
220
234U
Fraction
ingestion
to bone (14)
2.4 x 10'5
2.4 x TO'5
1.1 x 10"3
1.1 x 10"3
1.1 x TO"3
1.1 x 10"3
1-y integral
for intake
or dose
(pCi/day x day)
or (days)
363
365
36.2
36.2
36.2
36.2
50-y integral
for intake
or dose
(pCi/day x day)
or (days)
15,000
18,250
268
268
268
268
Bone
50-y double
integral for
dose during
50-y uptake ~
(pCi/day x days )
1.46 x 108 •
1.67 x 108
3.25 x 106
3.25 x 106
3.25 x 106
3.25 x 106
mrem per
mrem/y
after
ingestion
for 50 y
0.27
0.32
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.37
Dose Parameters
time: pCi/day
mrem in
50 y after
ingestion
for 1 v
0.27
0.32
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.036 .
intake
mrem
accrued
during 50-y
ingestion
7.2
7.9
6.3
6.0
5.8
12
ro
-------
Table 7. Comparison of Mass and Radiation Units for Uranium Isotopes
Ci/g of % of Ci/g of Rem to bone in 50 yrs
Isotope Isotope Natural U Natural U per g of natural U ingested
234U 6.17 X 10"3 0.0055 33.9 X 10"8 0.176
235U 2.14 X 10"6 0.72 1.54X10"8 0.008
238U 3.33 X 10"7 99.28 33.1 X 10"8 0.156
27
-------
The time integration factors for uranium are based on a power function
retention of t" * (t in days) integrated between 1 day and 1 or 50 years.
The dose parameters were calculated using the same equation as that used
for plutonium.
The chemical toxicity of uranium is such that it is normally more
limiting than the radioactive dose and the critical organ is the kidney.
However, the radiological dose in Table 5 has been included for comparison
with plutonium. Table 7 indicates comparisons between mass and radiation
units for uranium. The ICRP standard for occupational exposure is 75 mg/day
which for the general population is reduced to an average intake of less
than 7.5 mg/day. ^ The maximum observed concentrations in the bovine
tissues are less than about 1/1,000 of this value.
The total maximum yearly dose rate (sum of doses from Table 5) after
eating 250 grams of muscle daily for 50 years would be about 0.4 mrem from
the plutonium and uranium content. For liver, this dose would be about
0.7 mrem. These values are less than 1% of the yearly radiation protection
guides (500 mrem/y) of the National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurements (NCRP).* ' The total doses accrued during a 50-year ingestion
period are 10 mrem from muscle and 19 mrem from liver. These 50-year values
are less than 10% of the yearly NCRP guide or about one-tenth percent of
the yearly guide for 50 years (500 mrem/y x 50 y = 25,000 mrem). '
28
-------
SUMMARY
During 1972, animals from three beef herds on and around the NTS were
extensively sampled to determine tissue burdens of plutonium and uranium.
The herds represented animals grazing range contaminated by worldwide
fallout (Searchlight herd), animals grazing range contaminated by U.S.
atmospheric nuclear detonations (NTS herd), and animals grazing range
contaminated by unfissioned nuclear material (TTR herd). Selected animals
from the latter herd were also maintained in a feedlot on the NTS for
four months prior to sampling.
In addition to the actinide analysis, tissues were analyzed for the
presence of gamma-emitting radionuclides, tritium, and strontium.
Iodine-131 detected in the thyroids of animals sacrificed during May
was attributed to a nuclear detonation conducted in March by the
People's Republic of China. Cesium-137 was the only gamma-emitting
fission product radiohuclide detected in edible tissues. Tritium
levels were elevated only in animals that had previously participated
in a tritium study or that were maintained in Area 15 of the NTS which
is in close proximity to the Sedan crater. The strontium levels
detected in the bones from all three herds were consistent (median
values ranged from 3 to 5.1 pd'/g of ash) and of the same
magnitude reported for animals from this area during the last few
years.(8, 9,10,11)
Necropsies of the sacrificed animals revealed only incidental gross
lesions. No significant lesions attributable to radiation damage were
found during microscopic examinations.
234 235 238
Based on geometric mean values, ratios of U, U, and U levels
found in tissues from all four study groups were consistent with the
natural ratios. Of the tissues examined, the Pu/U ratio was generally
highest in the liver. The plutonium levels in bone were highest in the
femur, with lower levels in the ribs. For the younger animals (feedlot
29
-------
and the control calf), the actim'de levels were higher in rib than in
either femur or vertebrae samples. Both the lung and tracheo-bronchial
lymph node data suggest that plutonium inhalation was higher for the
NTS herd than for the TTR cattle. The rumen content and reticulum
sediment data suggest that the contamination of the range of Area 18
of the NTS and of the Roller Coaster sites on the TTR consisted of
larger particles unevenly distributed compared to the relatively uniform
deposition from worldwide fallout on the Searchlight Range. The data
also suggest that the actinide concentrations in bone increased with
age. Fetal tissue concentrations of the actinides indicate that
passage through the placental barrier occurs.
The data from the feedlot group were rather contradictory in that
some tissue levels of plutonium apparently increased during the four
months the animals were off the contaminated range. It is thought that
this observation was the result of a sampling or analytical error as
tissue concentration in dairy cows maintained for several years on the
same forage and at the same location were of lower magnitude. This
error could be avoided in future studies, if bone samples from each
animal are obtained surgically before initiation of the study.
Using the maximum concentrations of the actinides measured in beef
tissue, the hypothetical bone dose to man from eating 250 grams of either
liver or muscle daily for 50 years is less than 0.2% of the pertinent
(19)
NCRPV « radiation protection guides for the general population. The
majority of the postulated dose is due to the plutonium isotopes.
30
-------
REFERENCES
1. Coogan, J. S., "Operation Roller Coaster. Project Officer's Report -
Project 2.8, Off-Site Survey." Southwestern Radiological Health
Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV (1968).
2. Bliss, W. and L. Dunn. "Measurement of Plutonium in Soil Around the
Nevada Test Site." Proceedings of the Rocky Flats Symposium on
Safety in Plutonium Handling Facilities, April 13-16, 1971, CONF-
710401. p. 320.
3. Talvitie, N. A., "Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Environ-
mental and Biological Samples by Ion Exchange." Western Environmental
Research Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV. Published in Anal. Chem. 43,
1827-1830 (Nov. 1971).
4. Talvitie, N. A., "Electrodeposition of Actinides for Alpha Spectro-
metric Determination." Western Environmental Research Laboratory,
Las Vegas, NV. Published in Anal. Chem. 44, 280-283 (Feb. 1972).
5. Johns, F. B., "Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory Handbook
of Radiochemical Analytical Methods." SWRHL-11. Southwestern
Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV (1970).
6. Smith, T. M., A. L. Lesperance, V. R. Bohman, R. A. Brechbill, and
K. W. Brown, "Intake and Digestibility of Forages Grazed by Cattle
on a Southern Nevada Range." Proceedings of Western Section Society
of Animal Science. Vol. 1_9 (1968).
7. "Radiation Alert Network, March 1972," Rad. Data and Rpts. 13, 407
(July 1972).
8. Smith, D. D., "Radiation Surveillance of Ruminants On and About the
Nevada Test Site." Desert Bighorn Council 1971 Transactions (15),
101-108. Presented at the 15th Annual MeetTngT Santa Fe, NM (TSI71).
9. Smith, D. D. and K. R. Giles, "Animal Investigation Program 1969
Annual Report." SWRHL-102r. Southwestern Radiological Health
Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV (1970).
10. Smith, D. D. and K. R. Giles, "Animal Investigation Program 1970
Annual Report." NERC-LV-539-16. National Environmental Research
Center, Las Vegas, NV (January 1974).
31
-------
11. Smith, D. D. and K. R. Giles, "1971 Animal Investigation Program
Annual Report." NERC-LV-539-20. National Environmental Research
Center, Las Vegas, NV (in press).
12. Baxter, D. W., et a!., "Comparison of Monomeric and Polymeric
Plutonium in the~Dog and Mouse." Rad. Res. 54. 556-65 (1973).
13. Brechbill, R. A., "Special Bovine Sampling Study—Project Roller
Coaster Sites." SWRHL-53r. Southwestern Radiological Health
Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV (June 1969).
14. Habashi, F., "Radioactivity in Phosphate Animal Feed and Fertilizers."
J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem. 49 (October 1966).
15. ICRP 10, Evaluation of Radiation Doses to Body Tissues from Internal
Contamination Due to Occupational Exposure. International Commission
on Radiological Protection (1968).
16. ICRP 2, Report of Committee II on Permissible Dose for Internal
Radiation. International Commission on Radiological Protection (1959).
17. Stehn, J. F., "Table of Radioactive Nuclides." Nucleonics 18, 11
(November 1960); also "Handbook of Nuclear Research and Technology."
Nucleonics. McGraw Hill (1965).
18. ICRP 6, Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological
Protection (1962).
19. NCRP 39, Basic Radiation Protection Criteria, National Council on
Radiation Protection and Measurements (1971).
32
-------
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX Page
I. Plutonium and Strontium Concentrations in Tissues
from Cattle - Reno, Nevada - January 1971 37
II-l. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Tissues
from a One-Year-Old Charolais Heifer - Roller
Coaster Site - February 1972 38
11-2. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Tissues
from a Two-Year-Old Angus Crossbred Cow - Roller
Coaster Site - February 1972 39
II-3. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Tissues
from a Seventeen-Year-Old Hereford Cow - Roller
Coaster Site - February 1972 40
III-l. Actinide Concentrations in Lungs from Roller
Coaster Cattle - May 1972 41
III-2. Actinide Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph
Nodes from Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972 42
III-3. Actinide Concentrations in Muscle from Roller
Coaster Cattle - May 1972 43
III-4. Actinide Concentrations in Kidneys from Roller
Coaster Cattle - May 1972 44
III-5. Actinide Concentrations in Liver from Roller
Coaster Cattle - May 1972 45
II1-6. Actinide Concentrations in Rumen Contents from
Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972 46
II1-7. Actinide Concentrations in Reticulum Sediment from
Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972 47
111-8. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs
from Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972 48
III-9. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs
from Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972 50
33
-------
LIST OF APPENDICES (contd)
APPENDIX Page
111-10. Other Radionuclides Measured in Tissues from Roller
Coaster Cattle - May 1972 52
IV-1. Actinide Concentrations in Lungs from Searchlight
Cattle - June 1972 54
IV-2. Actinide Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph
Nodes from Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 55
IV-3. Actinide Concentrations in Muscle from Searchlight
Cattle - June 1972 56
IV-4. Actinide Concentrations in Liver from Searchlight
Cattle - June 1972 57
IV-5. Actinide Concentrations in Rumen Contents from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 58
IV-6. Actinide Concentrations in Reticulum Sediment from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 59
IV-7. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 60
IV-8. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 62
IV-9. Other Radionuclides Measured in Tissues from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 64
IV-10. Analytical Data from Soil Samples Collected on
YKL Ranch, Searchlight, Nevada - January 5, 1973 66
IV-11. Map of Soil Sampling Locations on YKL Ranch,
Searchlight, Nevada 68
V-l. Actinide Concentrations in Lungs from NTS Cattle -
May 1972 69
V-2. Actinide Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph
Nodes from NTS Cattle - May 1972 70
V-3. Actinide Concentrations in Muscle from NTS Cattle -
May 1972 71
34
-------
LIST OF APPENDICES (contd)
APPENDIX Page
V-4. Actinide Concentrations in Kidneys from NTS Cattle -
May 1972 72
V-5. Actinide Concentrations in Liver from NTS Cattle -
May 1972 73
V-6. Actinide Concentrations in Rumen Contents from
NTS Cattle - May 1972 74
V-7. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from
NTS Cattle - May 1972 75
V-8. Other Radionuclides Measured in Tissues from NTS
Cattle - May 1972 76
VI-1. Actinide Concentrations in Lungs from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 78
VI-2. Actinide Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph
Nodes from Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 79
VI-3. Actinide Concentrations in Muscle from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 80
VI-4. Actinide Concentrations in Liver from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 81
VI-5. Actinide Concentrations in Rumen Contents from Roller
Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 82
VI-6. Actinide Concentrations in Reticulum Sediment from
Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 83
VI-7. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs from
Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 84
VI-8. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from
Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 85
VI-9. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Vertebrae
from Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 86
35
-------
LIST OF APPENDICES (contd)
APPENDIX Page
VI-10. Other Radionuclides Measured in Tissues from
Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 87
VI-11. Actinide Concentrations of the Water and the Food
from the Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972 88
VII. Minimum Detectable Activities for Radionuclide 89
Analyses, Technical Support Laboratory, National
Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
36
-------
to
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
MEDIAN
rNGE
LUNGS
239,.
Pli
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq**
<1.5
<9.9
<2
<20
<4.5
<50
4 ± 2
40 ± 20
<4.4
<40
<2.9
<20
<3.95
<30
<1.5-
<4.5
<».9-<50
739Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg**
3 ± 1.5
20 ± 10
1 + 1
io"± 10
4.5 t 2.7
50 ± 30
4 + 2
40 ± 20
3.3 ± 3.3
30 ± 30
4.3 * 1.4
30 ± 10
3.65
30
1-4.5
10-50
T-B LYMPH NODES*
Z38Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg**
<3
<200
-------
CA>
00
Tissue
Femur
.iver
.ung
Muscle
238Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq*
<2
<470
<20
<620
30 ± 30
930 ± 930
<40
<780
239Pu
fCi/a ash
fCi/kg*
32 ± 5
7500 ±
1000
200 ± 40
6200 ±
1000
40 ± 20
1200 i -
600
<20
<390
234U
fCi/o ash
fCi/kg*
5.7 ± 4.8
1300 ±
1100
<60
<1900
<40
<1200
<60
<1200
235U
fCi/a ash
fCi/kg*
<3
<690
<40
<1SOO
<40
<1200
<40
<780
238U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
4.8 ± 4.3
1100 ± 1000
<40
<1300
<40
<1200
<40
<780
89Sr
oCi/a ash
oCi/ko*
<2
<460
NA
NA
NA
90Sr
oCi/a ash
'nCi/ka*
8 ± 2
1900 ± 350
NA
NA
NA
Ca
ma/q
370
NA
NA
NA
?: Ash
23
3.1
3.1
2.0
Wet wt
(kg)
0.44
1.28
0.90
1.99
Ash wt
(g)
103
40
28
39
NA = Not analyzed
* Wet weight
APPENDIX II-l.
Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Tissues from a One-Year-Old Charolais Heifer
Roller Coaster Site - February 1972
-------
CA)
VO
Tissue
Femur
L i ver
Lung
Muscle
Fetus
Z38Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq*
<3
<700
<20
<600
<20
<660
<30
<400
<3
<66
239Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kq*
1 ± 1
240 ± 240
10 ± 10
280 ± 280
10 ± 10
330 ± 330
<200
<22
234U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg
6 ± 3
1400 ± 700
<40
<1000
<60
<2000
<740
NA
235U
fCI/g ash
fCi/kg
3 ± 2
700 ± 400
:40
:1000
:30
= 1000
^50
NA
238U
fC1/a ash
fC1/kg
5 ± 3
1200 ± 700
<40
<1000
<60
<2000
<50
<740
NA
89Sr
pCi/q ash
oC1/kq*
<2
<470
NA
NA
NA
<22
90Sr
oC1/g ash
oCi/kg*
4 + 1
930 ± 230
NA
MA
NA
2 + 1
44 ± 22
Ca
mg/g
370
NA
NA
NA
210
I
% Ash
23
2.8
3.3
1.5
2.2
Wet wt
(kq)
0.63
1.98
0.60
2.49
0.81
Ash wt
(g)
147
55
20
37
18
NA = Not analyzed
*
Wet weight
APPENDIX II-2.
Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Tissues from a Two-Year-Old Angus Crossbred
Cow - Roller Coaster Site - February 1972
-------
Tissue
Femur
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Tracheo-
Bronchial
Lymph
Nodes
Fetus
Muscle
Fetus
Bone
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kn*
<3
<580
<20
<610
<20
<620
<20
<270
200 ± 100
6700 ±
3300
<40
<1200
<3
<190
239Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
110 - 10
22000 ±
2000
550 + 70
17000 ±
2000
110 + 30
3400 ± 900
20 > 20
270 ± 270
6100 ± 500
200000 ±
16000
=20
=590
7 ± 2
430 ± 120
2-34U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
17 ± 5
3300 ± 1000
=40
= 1200
<70
.=2200
32 ± 22
430 ± 300
4'00 - 200
13000 ^
6600
<30
<880
7 ± 3
430 ± 190
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
2 ± 2
390 ± 390
c40
<1200
<40
<1000
24 ± 19
320 ± 250
<30
<1000
<20
<590
2 ± 2
120 ± 120
238U.
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
12 ± 4
2300 i 800
<40
<1200
<60
<1900
32 ± 22
430 r 300
400 ±200
13000 ±
6600
<30
<880
5 ± 3
310 ± 190
89Sr
pCi/q ash
DC1/ka*
<3
<580
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
<2
<120
9°Sr
DCi/q ash
pCi/kg*
9 i 2
1800 ± 390
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4 ± 1
250 ± 62
Ca
mg/a
% Ash
1
360 19.5
I
NA i 3.0
1
j
NA
NA
NA
NA
310
3.1
1.3
3.3
2.9
6.2
Wet wt
(kg)
0.92
2.11
1.74
1.88
0.03
0.34
0.39
Ash wt
(a)
179
64
54
25
1
10
24
NA = Not analyzed
*
Wet weight
APPENDIX II-3.
Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Tissues from a Seventeen-Year-Old Hereford
Cow - Roller Coaster Site - February 1972
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
Fetus
13
MEDIAN
RAW'E
238Pu
fCi/o ash
fCi/ka*
3+3
30 ± 30
<7
<73
<4
<49
<30
<380
4 + 3
78 ± 59
,4
<42
<20
<260
<3
<30
6+5
65 + 54
<4
<39
<3
<32
•A
<39
<3-<30
<26- :380
239Pu
fCi/a ash
fCi/kq*
34 + 7
340 * 70
100 ± 20
1000 4 200
60 ± 10
730 + 120
80 i 60
1000 ± 7fiO
11 + 4
210 ± 78
15 ± 6
160 ±63
40 ± 20
520 + 200
4 ± 2
40 i 20
21 n + 20
2300 ± 220
2 + 2
19 ± 13
48 + 5
510 ± 53
40
510
2-210
19-2300
234,
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
22 + 3.7
220 ± 40
21 ± 3.5
220 ± 40
16 ± 3.1
200 + 40
15 + 2.9
190 ± 40
13 ± 2.8
250 ± 50
11 ± 2
120 ±21
15 ± 3
200 + 40
12 + 3
120 ± 30
26 ± 4
280 ± 44
4.8 i 2.1
47 ± 20
34 ± 4.7
360 ± 50
15
200
4,8-34
47-360
235U
fCi/a ash
fCi/kg*
0.91 * 0.75
9.1 ± 7.5
5.2 ± 1.7
54 ± 20
4.5 + 1.6
55 ± 20
1.2 + 0.84
15 + 10
1.2 + 0.88
23 ± 17
0.71 ± 0.57
7.5 ± 6
2.5 ± 1.2
33 + 16
<0.7
<7
1.3 ± 0.9
14 .t 10
<0.6
<5.8
4 t 1.5
42 + 16 •
1.2
15
<0.6-5.2
<5.8-55
238U
fCi/g ash
fC1/kq*
22 + 3.6
220 + 40
15 + 3
160 ± 30
11 + 2.4
130 ± 30
12 * 2.5
150 + 30
10 + 2.5
200 + 50
10 + 2
100 ± 21
13 i 3
170 + 40
10 ± 3
100 ± 30
19 ± 3
210 ± 33
2.9 ± 1.4
28 ± 14
33 ±4.7
350 ± 50
12
160
2.9-33
28-350
% Ash
1.0
1.04
1.22
1.26
1.95
1.05
1.30
1.0
1.09
0.97
1.06
1.06
0.97-
1.95
Net wt
(kg)
2.59
1.54
1.88
1.11 '
1.74
1.62
1.84
1.30
3.39
0.70
2.83
Ash wt
(g)
26
16
23
14
34
17
24
13
37
6,8
30.0
* Wet weight
APPENDIX III-l. Actinide Concentrations in Lungs from Roller Coaster
Cattle - May 1972
41
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu .
fCi/g ash
100 ± 100
<2no
<80
<200
<100
<100
<50
<80
<200
400 ± 200
<100
<50-400 .
238Pu
fCi/kg*
760 ± 760
<2ono
<750
<2000
<790
<950
<930
<1300
<2700
7900 ±
4000
<1125
• 750-7900
i
1 239Pu
fCi/g ash
90 ± 70
200 ± 100
140 ± 60
400 ± 100
:40
70 ± 70
20
40
9700 ± 900
4700 ± 400
115
20-9700
239Pu
fCi/kg*
680 ± 530
2000 ± 1000
1300 ± 600
4000 ± 1000
<320
660 ± 660
<370
<660
130000 ±
10000
94000 ±
9000
1090
< 320-1 30000
% Ash
0.76
1.0
0.94
1.00
0.79
0.95
1.86
1.65
1.33
2.0
1.0
0.76-
2
1
Wet wt
(kg)
0.025
0.013
0.033
0.016
0.033
0.020
0.028
0.017
0.015
0.01
Ash wt
(g)
0.19
0.13
0.31
0.16
0.26
0.19
0.52
0.28
0.20
0.20
Wet weight
APPENDIX III-2,
Actinide Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph Nodes
from Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972
42
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
,10
n
12
12
Fetus
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fCi/q ash
<3
<2
<2
<3
<3
<2
<20
<3
<3
<3
<6
<3
<2-<20
238Pu
fCi/kg*
<46
<24
<45
<30
<33
<32
<240
<78
<60
<100
<210
<46
<24-'240
239Pu
fCi/g ash
2 ± 2
2 ± 1
3 ± 2
2 ±2
1 ± 1
<1
20 ± 10
3 ± 2
2 ± 2
<0.9
7 ± 7
2
<0.9-20
239Pu
fCi/kg* % Ash
31 ± 20
24 ± 12
68 ± 45
20 ± 20
10 ± 10
<16
240 ± 120
78 ± 50
40 ± 40
<31
250 ± 250
28
10-250
1.53
1.19
2.26
1.0
1.11
1.59
1.21
2.61
2.02
3.44
3.53
1.59
1-3.53
Met wt
(kg)
19.30
19.18
4.69
3.49
4.49
3.77
4.48
3.26
4.81
2.70
3.37
Ash wt
(g)
296
229
106
35
50
60
54
85
97
93
119
Wet weight
APPENDIX III-3.
Actinide Concentrations in Muscle from
Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972
43
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
Fetus
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
234U
fCi/q ash
fCi/kq*
26 ± 14
230 ± 120
25 ± 14
190 ± 100
8.6 + 7.6
96 ± 86
16 ± 4.4
190 ± 50
19 ± 12
190 ± 120
8.5 ± 2.6
130 ± 40
8.4 ± 3.3
150 ± 60
12 ± 4.2
140 ± 50
8.7 ± 3.5
100 ± 40
24 ± 7
200 ± 60
17 ± 4
180 ± 44
16
180
8.4-26
96-230
235U
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
<6
<50
<6
<46
<5
<56
<0.8
<9.5
<6
<59
<0.7
:!.
4 ± 2
47 + 20
<2
<23
<4
<33
<0.9
<4
<33
•0.7-<6
<9.5-<59
238U
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
19 ± 11
170 ± 100
25 ± 14
190 ± 100
8.6 ± 7.6
96 ± 86
12 ± 3.5
140 ± 40
12 ± 9
120 ± 100
7.2 ± 2.6
110 ± 40
6.1 ± 2.8
110 ± 50
9.2 ± 4.2
110 ± 50
6 ± 3.5
70 ± 40
16 ± 7
130 ± 60
13 ± 4
140 ± 40
12
120
6.1-25
70-190
% Ash
0.88
0.77
1.11
1.19
0.98
1.53
1.80
1.18
1.15
0.83
1.09
1.11
0.77-
1.80
Wet weiqht
(kq)
0.46
0.518
0.45
0.42
0.41
0.457
0.445
0.422
0.434
0.242
0.46
Ash weight
(q)
4
4
5
5
4
7
8
5
5
2
5
Wet weight
APPENDIX II1-4. Actinide Concentrations in Kidneys from
Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972
44
-------
i 238Pu 239Pu 234U 235U 238U -
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
Fetus
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
fCi/q ash
fCi/kq*
,3
,8«
3 + 3
130 i 130
,3
,80
<20
<910
10 + 10
190 ± 190
,3
<39
,-3
<47
9 t 6
120 - 80
,30
,410
,30
<80
,6
<102.5
,3-, 20
• 39- 910
fCi/g ash ' fCi/g ash
fCi/kg* : fCi/kq*
3 + 2
84 ± 56
S A
110 * 10
4600 ± 400
55 ± 7
1400 ± 190
90 .-. 50
4100 ± 200(
100 ± 40
1900 i. 700
10 ± 3
130 t 40
19 t 4
300 i 60
450 i 30
6200 ± 500
10 ± 10
140 ± 140
670 t 80
1900 .+ 200
54.5
1100
3-670
84-6200
5 ± 2.1
140 ± 60
M P L E
5.3 i 1.9
220 ± 80
2.2 ± 1.2
59 .t 31
2.6 i 1.5
120 i 70
3.7 ± 1.7
70 ± 32
4.9 ± 1.6
63 ± 21
4.8 i 2
75 i 32
3.8 t 1.7
53 t 24
5.7 ± 5.7
78 ± 78
21 t 16
58 i 43
4.85
72.5
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg
0.82 ± 0.82
23 + 23
,-0.7
<30
0.88 ± 0.73
24 ± 20
1.5 t 1.1
68 i 50
1.1 ± 0.85
21 ± 16
<0.54
,7
1.1 i 1
17 ± 15
,0.58
,8
<0.8
<11
<8
<22
0.85
23
2.2-21 ,-0.54-, 8
53-220 ' • 7-68
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg
1.8 ± 1.1
51 ± 30
LOST
3.0 t i.q
160 ± 80
1.5 . 0.9
40 • 24
2 ± 1.1
90 t 50
2.5 « 1.5
47 t 28
4.2 » 1.6
54 + 20
4 ± 1.9
63 i 30
2.5 ± 1.5
35 ± 21
5.7 + 5.7
78 ± 78
15 t 13
42 i 37
3.2
52.5
1.5-15
35-160
Wet wt
% Ash (kq)
2.81
4.22
2.67
4.55
1.89
1.29
1.57
1.39
1.37
0.277
1.73
0.277-
4.55
3.2
1.8
2.02
1.10
1.27
2.32
1.15
3.03
0.51
3.77
Ash wt
(g)
qn
76
54
50
24
30
18
42
7
10.5
Wet weight
APPENDIX III-5,
Actinide Concentrations in Liver from Roller Coaster
Cattle - May 1972
45
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq*
10 ± 4
180 ± 60
3 ± 3
45 i 45
<9
<180
<7
<170
-.10
<140
<5
<89
<5
<88
<5
<84
<6
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
MEDIAN
*ANGE
238D
Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
30 ± 30
2800 ± 2800
<40
<4700
<30
<200
<30
<2500
<20
<600
<30
<630
30 ± 30
820 ± 820
<30
<3300
<20
<590
<30
820
<20-<40
-200-<4700
23Q
"9Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
20 + 20
1800 ± 1800
30 ± 20
3500 ± 2300
50 ± 20
330 ± 100
20 ± 10
1700 ± 800
110 ± 30
3300 ± 900
NOT
20 ± 10
420 ± 210
20 ± 10
540 ± 270
30 ± 20
3300 ± 2200
30 ± 20
890 ± 600
30
1700
20-110
330-3500
234[J
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
400 ± 50
37000 ± 4600
300 ± 50
35000 ± 5900
270 ± 40
1800 ± 200
830 ± 70
70000 i 6000
350 ± 40
11000 ± 1200
440 ± 50
9200 ±1100
260 ± 26
7100 ± 710
730 ± 70
81000 ± 7200
700 ± 67
21000 ± 2000
400
21000
235U
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
50 ± 30
4600 ± 2400
<10
-------
00
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
238_
Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.5
<90
0.8 ± 0.8
200 ± 200
<0.8
<200
2 ± 1
470 ± 230
1.1 ± 0.9
220 ± 180
5 ± 0.6
1400 ± 200
1 ± 0.5
240 ± 120
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq*
10 ± 2
2000 ± 400
4 ± 1
1000 ± 260
24 ± 3
7000 ± 880
10 ± 2
2400 ± 500
6 ± 1
1200 ± 300
220 ± 10
62000 ± 3000
0.9 ± 0.4
220 ± 90
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
1.8 ± 0.56
360 ± 110
0.92 ± 0.35
240 ± 90
2.2 ± 0.54
650 ± 200
1.8 ± 0.54
430 ± 130
1.1 ± 0.43
220 ± 90
0.57 ± 0.16
160 i 40
1.9 ± 0.3
460 ± 80
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.1
<20
<0.06
<16
0.23 ± 0.16
70 ± 50
<0.08
<20
<0.1
<20
<0.02
<6
0.14 ± 0.08
30 ± 20
238U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
1.4 + 0.48
280 ± 100
0.64 ± 0.32
170 ± 80
1.8 ± 0.48
500 ± 140
1.5 ± 0.5
360 ± 120
0.95 ± 0.4
190 ± 80
0.49 ± 0.15
140 ± 40
1.7 ± 0.3
410 ± 70
89Sr
oCi/g ash
pCi/kq*
<2
<400
<3
<780
<2.8
<820
<2.5
<590
<3
<610
<3
<840
<3
<730
90Sr
bC1/g ash
pC1/kg*
4 ± 1
810 ± 200
7 ± 1
1800 ± 260
5.1 ± 0.6
1500 ± 180
3.6 i 0.6
850 ± 140
5.5 ± 0.6
1100 ± 130
6 ± 1
1700 ± 280
4 ± 1
970 ± 240
% Ash
20.3
26
29.4
23.7
20.4
28.1
24.4
Ca
mg/g
380
390
310
310
300
370
370
Wet wt
(kg)
1.42
1.36
0.86
0.90
1.39
0.48
0.78
Ash wt
(g)
288
353
253
213
283
135
190
Wet weight
APPENDIX III-8. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs from Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972
-------
to
' 238pu i 239pu
Animal
No.
11
12
12F
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
fCi/q ash
fCi/kq*
<0.6
<140
3 ± 1
790 ± 260
4 ± 2
350 ± 170
<0.6
<180
1
220
<0.5-5
< 90- 1400
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
18 ± 2
4300 ± 480
180 ± 20
47000 ± 5300
18 ± 4
1600 ± 350
34 ± 3
10000 ±910
18
2400
0.9-220
220-62000
234y
fd'/g ash
fCi/kg*
0.76 ± 0.34
180 ± 80
0.84 ± 0.31
220 ± 80
0.59 ± 0.26
52 ± 23
5.1 ± 0.89
1500 ± 270
1.1
240
0.57-5.1
52-1500
235U
fCi/g ash
fC1/ka*
<0.08
<20
<0.06
<16
<0.1
<9
0.4 ± 0.24
120 ± 70
<0.1
<20
<0.02-0.4
<6-120
238, I 89Sr
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
0.6 ± 0.34
140 ± 80
0.76 ± 0.31
200 ± 80
0.53 ± 0.23
47 ± 21
4.3 ± 0.83
1300 ± 250
0.95
200
0.49-4.3
47-1300
oCi/q ash
pCi/kq*
<2.5
<600
7.6 ± 3.3
2000 ± 880
<1.4
<120
<5.4
<1600
<3
<730
<1.4-7.6
<1 20-2000
90Sr i
pCi/g ash
oCi/kg*
4.8 ± 0.6
1200 ± 140
8.1 ± 0.8
2100 ± 200
•0.5
<44
6.5 i 1.5
2000 ± 440
5.1
1200
<0. 5-8.1
<42-2100
% Ash
24
26.3
8.8
30.3
24.4
8.8-
30.3
Ca
mg/g
310
310
340
350
340
310-
390
Wet wt
(kg)
1
0.92
1.09
1.13
Ash wt
(g)
240
242
96
342
Wet weight
APPENDIX III-8.
Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs from Roller Coaster Cattle
May 1972 (contd)
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
238Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
0.6 ± 0.4
110 ± 76
<0.3
<55
1.3 ± 0.4
290 ± 90
0.6 ± 0.4
150 ± 100
<0.4
<61
0.3 + 0.3
54 ± 54
1.2 ± 0.4
180 ± 60
<2
<200
270 I
"9Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/k~g*
12 ± 1
2300 ± 190
3.3 r 0.6
600 ± 100
37 ± 3
8400 ± 600
10 ± 1
2600 ± 260
5.2 ± 0.8
800 ± 100 .
3.6 ± 0.7
650 ± 120
1.4 ± 0.4
210 ± 60
4 ± 3
480 ± 360
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
1.2 ± 0.3
230 ~ 50
0.34 ± 0.13
62 ± 25
0.33 ± 0.14
75 ± 31
3.1 ± 0.4
800 ± 110
1.3 ± 0.3
200 ± 45
0.45 ± 0.16
81 ± 30
0.72 ± 0.21
110 ± 30
0.71 ± 0.33
86 ± 40
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.04
<8
<0.04
<7
<0.05
<10
0.12 ± 0.08
30 ± 20
<0.05
<7.6
<0.05
<9
0.06 ± 0.06
9.1 ± 9.1
<0.2
<20
238U
fCI/g ash
fCi/kg*
1.1 ± 0.3
210 ± 59
0.24 - 0.11
44 ± 21
0.22 ± 0.11
50 ± 26
2.7 ± 0.4
700 ± 100
1.2 ± 0.3
180 ± 45
0.36 + 0.15
65 ± 26
0.58 ± 0.18
88 ± 30
0.59 ± 0.33
71 ± 40
89Sr
pCi/g ash
pCi/kg*
<2
<380
5 - 3
920 ± 540
<2
<450
<3
<770
5 ± 3
760 ± 460
<3
<540
2 ± 2
300 ± 300
<2.7
<330
9°Sr
oCi/o ash
pCi/kg*
2 ± 1
380 ± 190
5 - 1
920 ± 180
5 ± 1
1100 = 230
4 ± 1
1000 ± 260
4 ± 1
600 z 150
4 ± 1
720 ± 180
4 ± 1
610 ± 150
3.5 ± 1 '
420 ± 120
% Ash
19.0
18.4
22.6
25.8
15.2
18.0
15.3
12.1
Ca
ntg/g
360
390
360
360
320
350
350
340
Wet wt
(kg)
1.47
1.16
1.52
0.76
1.11
0.90
0.95
0.96
Ash wt
(g)
28n
213
344
196
169
162
145
116
Wet weight
APPENDIX III-9. Actfnide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from Roller Coaster Cattle - May 1972
-------
en
238Pu
Animal
No.
12
12
Fetus
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq*
2 ± 2
380 ± 380
9 ± 2
440 ± 96
1.9 ± 0.8
360 ± 150
1.2
180
<0.3-9
< 50-440
239pu 234[J
fC1/g ash
fCi/kq*
130 ± 20
25000 ± 3800
370 ± 20
18000 ± 960
47 ± 4
8900 ± 760
10
2300
1.4-370
210-25000
fCI/q ash
fCi/kg*
1.4 ± 0.47
260 ± 90
0.76 ± 0.39
37 ± 19
3.5 ± 0.64
660 ± 120
0.76
no
0.33-3.5
37-800
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq*
<0.09
<17
<0.1
<4.8
0.17 t 0.14
32 ± 27
<0.06
9.1
<0.04-<0.2
<4.8-32
238U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
1.2 ± 0.47
230 ± 90
0.66 ± 0.37
32 ± 18
3.4 ± 0.64
640 ± 120
0.66
88
0.22-3.4
32-700
89Sr
pC1/g ash
pCi/kg*
4.Q ± 3
930 ± 570
<3
<140
<2.3
<440
<3
<450
<2-5
< 140-930
90Sr
pCi/q ash
pCi/kg*
6.6 ± 0.7
1200 ± 140
3 ± 1
140 ± 50
4.5 ± 0.6
850 ± 120
4
720
2-6.6
140-1200
% Ash
18.9
4.8
19.0
18.4
4.8-
25.8
Ca
mg/g
310
310
300
350
300-
390
Wet wt
(kg)
1.48
n.62
1.24
Ash wt
(g)
280
30
235
Wet weight
APPENDIX IlT-9.
Actim'de and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from Roller Coaster Cattle
May 1972 (contd)
-------
Animal
No.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Rumen Contents Liver
K g/g K g/g
95Zr
103Ru pCi/g
141Ce pCi/g
0.0014 0.0026
0.64
0.27
0.49
0.002 0.0031
0.36
0.19
0.28
0.0017 NA
0.70
0.25
0.47
0.0024 0.0031
2.7
0.74
1.5
0.0013 0.0034
0.43
0.20
0.32
0.0017 0.003
0.13
-------
Rumen Contents Liver Thyroid Kidney
Animal
No.
11
12
12F
13
MEDIAN
RANGE
m
K g/g K g/g IJII pCi/g K g/g
95Zr pCi/g
103Ru pCi/g
idi
mCe pCi/g
0.0016 0.0028 63.0 0.0015
0.10
0.31
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fCi/g ash
<100
400 ± 100
<100
<200
<100
<100
<60
<80
<100
<100
<100
<60 - 400
238Pu
fCi/kg*
<870
3200 ±
1000
<1100
<1900
<1300
<1000
<760
<980
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fCi/o ash
fCi/kq*
<9
<110
<5
<140
<4
<60
<4
<73
<5
<63
<2
<21
<4
<48
<4
<46
<2
<18
<5
<82
<4
<61.5
<2-<9
<18-<140
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kq*
20 ± 10
250 + 200
<4
<120
2 ± 2
30 ± 30
9 ± 5
160 ± 90
20 i 7
250 ± 80
6 ± 3
63 ± 30
11 ± 5
130 ± 60
20 ± 10
230 ± 120
3 ± 2
27 * 18
7 ± 4
110 + 60
8
125
2-20
27-250
234U
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
18 ± 3.2
220 ± 40
9 ± 3.5
260 ± 100
7.3 ± 2.4
110 i 36
19 ± 4.4
340 ± 80
21 ± 4.8
260 ± 60
2.1 ± 1.2
22 ± 12
15 ± 5
180 ± 60
86 ± 26
1000 ± 300
9.6 ± 2.3
86 ± 21
7.4 ± 2.5
120 ± 40
12.3
200
2.1-86
22-1000
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
2.3 ± 1
28 ± 13
<0.7
<20
1.2 ± 1
18 ± 15
1.1 ± 1.1
20 ± 20
1.7 ± 1.1
21 ± 14
<0.4
<4.2
<0.4
<4.8
52 ± 17
600 ± 200
1.2 ± 0.89
11 * 8
1.6 ± 1.3
26 ± 21
1.2
20
<0.4-52
<4. 2-600
238U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kq*
17 ± 3.2
210 ± 40
8 ± 3.1
230 ± 90
5.8 ± 2.2
88 ± 33
18 ± 4.4
330 ± 80
19 ± 4.8
240 ± 60
2.1 ± 1.2
22 ± 12
14 ± 5
170 ± 60
69 ± 17
800 ± 200
8.8 ± 2.3
79 ± 21
5.5 ± 2.5
90 ± 40
11.4
190
2.1-69
22-800
% Ash
1.24
2.89
1.51
1.81
1.26
1.04
1.21
1.16
0.90
1.63
1.25
0.9-
2.89
Wet wt
(kg)
2.18
0.90
1.06
2.15
1.98
1.63
2.48
1.12
1.11
0.92
i
Ash wt
(q)
27
26
16
39
25
17
30
13
10
15
* Wet weight
APPENDIX IV-2. Actinide Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph Nodes
from Searchlight Cattle - June 1972
55
-------
Animal
No.
1
1 Fetus
2
3
4
5
5 Fetus
6
6 Fetus
7
7 Fetus
8
9
10
MEDIAN
:RANGE
238Pu
fCi/q ash
<3
<3
<5
<2
<2
<2
<7
<4
<2
<3
<4
<2
<2
<3
<3
<2-<7
238Pu
fCi'/kg*
<20
<50
<52
<42
<16
<17
<190
<24
<49
<30
<92
<10
<17
<15
<27
<10-
<190
239Pu
fCi/g ash
2 ± 2
<1
14 ± 8
1 ± 1
1 ± 1
1 ± 1
8 ± 6
<4
1 ± 1
3 ± 2
<2
12 ± 4
2 ± 2
3 ± 2
<2
<1-14
239Pu
fC1/kg*
14 ± 14
<17
150 ± 80
<21
7.8 ± 7.8
8.4 ± 8.4
220 ± 170
<24
25 ± 25
30 ± 20
<46
70 ± 20
17 ± 17
15 ± 9.8
<22.5
<7. 8-220
% Ash
0.7
1.74
1.05
2.13
0.78
0.84
2.73
0.61
2.46
1.01
2.31
0.59
0.85
0.49
0.93
0.49-
2.73
Wet wt
(kg)
17.5
0.'46
11.45
7.69
7.08
5.21
0.11
6.24
1.79
6.44
0.26
4.41
3.64
7.13
Ash wt
(q)
122
8
120
164
55
44
3
38
44
65
6
26
31
35
Wet weight
APPENDIX IV-3. Actinide Concentrations in Muscle from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972
56
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
<4
<74
<8
<70
<7
<75
<8
<45
<56
<3
<30
<2
<24
<4
<20
<160
<230
<7.5
<63
<2-<20
-16-<230
239Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
5 ± 4
93 ± 70
<7
<62
10 ± 9
110 i 100
<4
<20
20 ± 10
100 ± 60
340 ± 20
3400 ± 200
8 ± 3
100 ± 40
5 i 3
20 ± 10
40 ± 10
300 ± 100
9 ± 7
210 ± 160
8.5
100
-4-340
< 20- 3400
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
7.5 ± 2.5
140 ± 50
5.2 ± 2.5
46 ± 22
9.2 ± 3.3
99 ± 36
5.7 ± 2.5
32 ± 14
5.6 i 2.5
32 ± 14
7 ± 2.1
70 ± 20
4.2 ± 1.7
51 ± 21
5.4 ± 3
21 ± 12
22 i 11
180 ± 96
6 ± 3
140 ± 70
5.8
60.5
4.2-22
21-180
235U
fCI/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.5
<9.3
<8.8
1.6 ± 1.4
17 ± 15
<5.6
<0.7
<4
1.5 ± 0.9
15 ± 9
1.1 ± 0.98
13 ± 12
<4
<2
3 ± 2
70 ± 47
1
12.15
<0.5-3
<4-70
238,
fCI/g ash
fCi/kg*
7 ± 2.5
130 ±50
4.4 ± 2.4
39 ± 21
7.3 ± 3.1
79 ± 33
4.6 ± 2.3
26 ± 13
5.1 ± 2.1
29 ± 12
4.6 ± 1.7
47 ± 17
3.2 ± 1.5
39 ± 18
4.3 ± 3
17 ± 12
21 ± 11
170 ± 90
6 ± 3
140 ± 69
4.85
43
3.2-21
17-170
% Ash
1.86
0.88
1.08
0.56
0.57
1.01
1.22
0.40
0.82
2.33
1.045
0.40-
2.33
Wet wt
(kq)
2.04
1.25
1.39
3.54
3.51
1.48
2.21
1.73
1.10
1.2
Ash wt
(g)
38
11
15
20
20
15
27
7
9
28
Wet weight
APPENDIX IV-4. Actinide Concentrations in Liver from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972
57
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg
<4
<60
<7
<100
<10
<160
<4
. 7
300 ± 100
12 ± 5
200 ± 90
30 i 20
600 * 400
14 > 6
200 ± 100
50 + 20
670 i 300
10 t 7
220 t 150
18 i 8
270 ± 100
18.5
290
10-50
200-670
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg
190 ± 13
2900 ± 200
120 ± 14
1800 ± 200
100 + 12
1700 ± 200
33 ± 3.8
520 ± 60
220 ± 18
3600 ± 300
100 ± 15
2000 ± 300
120 ± 13
1900 ± 200
100 ± 15
1400 ± 200
150 + 14
3300 ± 300
170 ± 20
2500 ± 300
100
1950
33-190
520-3600
235U
fC1/g ash
•fC1/kg
7.8 ± 2.6
120 ± 40
3 ± 2.2
45 ± 33
5.4 + 3
89 i 50
0.38 + 0.38
6 ± 6
7.3 ± 3.4
120 * 60
3.2 ± 2.4
64 ± 48
<1
<15
4.7 ± 2.6
63 ± 35
8.3 ± 3.7
180 + 80
5.3 ± 2.7
79 i 40
5
71.5
0.38-8.3
6-180
238U
fC1/g a
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l'°
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu :'
fCi/g ash
fC1/kg*
<20
<4300
<20
<1500
<20
<950
<20
<3300
<30
<4000
<30
<3800
<20
<9800
<20
<920
<20
<1600
<20
<2400
<20
<2850
<20- <30
<920- <9800
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fC1/kg*
20 t 10
4300 i 2200
10 i 10
760 + 760
10 ± 10
480 i 480
20 ± 20
3300 i 3300
10 i 10
1400 t 1400
20 i 10
2500 t 1200
30 + 20
15000 * 9800
10 t 10
460 i 460
10 i 10
780 ± 780
<10
<1200
10
1300
<10-30
460-15000
234U
fCI/g ash
fCi/kg*
2100 ± 120
460000 ±
27000
2800 ± 200
210000 ±
15000
1100 ± 100
52000 ±
48000
2000 ± 100
330000 ±
17000
2500 ± 100
340000 ±
14000
5100 ± 180
640000 ±
22000
3400 ± 100
1700000 ±
49000
2000 ± 100
92000 ± 4600
2100 t 130
160000 ±
10000
1400 ± 100
160000 ±
12000
2100
270000
1100-5100
52000-
1 700000
235U
fC1/q ash
fC1/kq*
120 ± 30
26000 ± 6600
87 i 26
6700 ± 2000
45 i 15
2100 * 800
89 ± 23
15000 i 3800
91 ± 24
12000 ± 3300
190 i 34
24000 ± 4300
130 ± 30
64000 ±
14000
88 ± 30
4100 t 1300
100 i 29
7800 ± 2200
49 ± 20
5800 ± 2400
90
9900
45-190
2100-64000
238(J
fC1/g ash
fC1/ka*
2000 ± 120
430000 ±
26000
2600 * 100
200000 *
7600
1100 * 100
52000 ±
48000
1800 ± 100
300000 *
17000
2400 i 100
330000 *
14000
5200 ± 180
650000 *
22000
3300 ± 100
1600000 i
49000
2000 ± 100
92000 ± 4600
2000 ± 130
160000 ±
10000
1400 ± 100
160000 ±
12000
2000
250000
1100-5200
52000-
1600000
X Ash
21.7
7.6
4.76
16.7
13.7
12.5
49.0
4.6
7.8
11.8
12.15
4.6-49
Wet wt
(kg)
0.12
0.17
0.21
0.12
0.124
0.12
0.055
0.13
0.115
0.17
Ash wt
(g)
26
13
10
20
17
15
27
6
9
20
Wet weight
APPENDIX IV-6.
Actinide Concentrations in Reticulum Sediment from
Searchlight Cattle - June 1972
59
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
238Pu •
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.5
<100
-------
Animal
No.
7
8
9
10
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fC1/kq*
<0.4
<100
<0.5
<120
<0.5
<100
<0.5
<86
<0.5
<100
<0.4-<0.6
<50-<150
239Pu
fCi/Q ash
fCi/kg*
1.3 ± 0.5
380 ± 100
0.8 ± 0.4
190 ± 90
1.9 ± 0.6
390 ± 100
0.7 ± 0.4
120 ± 80
0.95
220
0.4-2.6
100-390
234U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
1.5 ± 0.52
440 ± 150
5 ± 0.83
1200 ± 200
5.3 ± 0.97
1100 ± 200
0.81 ± 0.29
140 ± 50
4.2
955
0.81-9.5
140-1900
235U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
<0.1
<29
0.25 ± 0.21
60 ± 50
0.39 ± 0.22
80 ± 46
<0.03
<5
0.24
53
<0. 03-0. 45
<5-90
238U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
1.3 ± 0.48
380 ± 140
4.6 ± 0.83
1100 ± 200
4.8 ± 0.97
990 ± 200
0.63 ± 0.29
110 ± 50
3.9
870
0.63-8
110-1600
89Sr
pC1/q ash
od/kg*
<5
<1500
<5
<1200
<5
<1000
<5
<870
<5
<1300
<4-<8
<430-<1800
90Sr
oC1/g ash
oC1/kq*
4 ± 1
1200 ± 360
3 ± 1
720 ± 260
3 ± 1
620 ± 190
3 ± 1
520 ± 170
3
705
2-6
210-1800
% Ash
29.16
24.1
20.62
17.38
21.77
10.7-
30
Ca
rnq/g
370
360
330
360
365
330-
380
Wet wt
(kq)
0.95
0.83
0.97
1.49
Ash wt
(q)
277
200
200
259
* Wet weight
APPENDIX IV-7. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs from Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 (contd)
-------
ro
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
B
6
238Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.4
<75
<0.5
<78
<0.6
<110
<0.5
<120
<0.4
<52
<0.4
<69
239Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
1 ± 0.4
190 ± 80
0.5 ± 0.3
78 ± 50
0.3 ± 0.3
56 ± 56
1.8 ± 0.5
420 ± 100
1.1 ± 0.5
140 ± 70
0.8 ± 0.5
140 ± 80
234U
fCt/g ash
fCi/kg*
10 ± 1.6
1900 ± 300
2.3 ± 0.51
360 ± 80
0.49 ± 0.16
92 ± 30
2.7 ± 0.55
630 ± 130
3.8 ± 0.76
500 z 100
2.9 ± 0.58
500 ± 100
235U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
0.31 ± 0.21
58 ± 40
2.3 ± 0.16
38 ± 26
<0.05
<9
0.24 ± 0.18
56 ± 41
<0.2
<26
0.24 ±0.2
41 ± 34
238,
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
9.5 ± 1.1
1800 ± 200
1.8 ± 0.44
280 ± 70
0.44 ± 0.16
82 ± 30
2.1 ± 0.51
490 ± 120
3.8 ± 0.76
500 ± 100
2.3 ± 0.58
400 ± 100
89Sr
pC1/q ash
DCi/kg*
<5
<950
<5
<790
<5
<940
<6.4
<1500
<6
<790
<6
<1000
90Sr
pCi/g ash
od/kg*
3.4 ± 1
640 ± 230
2 + 1
320 ± 160
1 ± 1
190 ± 190
3.8 ± 1.4
890 ± 330
4 ± 1
520 ± 170
3 ± 1
520 ± 17Q
% Ash
19.0
15.8
18.7
23.4
13.1
17.3
Ca
mg/q
370
360
360
360
360
380
Wet wt|
(kg) ,
Ash wt
(a)
1.92 364
0.57 ;
0.77
1.05
1.28
0.78
90
144
246
168
135
Wet weight
APPENDIX IV-8. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from Searchlight Cattle - June 1972
-------
00
Animal
No.
7
8
9
10
MEDIAN
RANGE
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.4
<49
<0.6
<130
<0.5
<100
<0.4
<66
<0.45
<76.5
<0.4-<0.6
<49-<130
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fC1/kg*
2.1 ± 0.6
260 ± 70
0.4 ± 0.3
87 ± 70
0.5 ± 0.3
100 i 70
0.3 ± 0.3
50 ± 50
0.65
120
0.3-2.1
50-420
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
2.7 ± 0.64
340 ± 80
3.2 ± 0.73
700 ± 160
6.3 ± 0.97
1300 ± 200
1.1 ± 0.36
180 ± 60
2.8
500
0.49-10
92-1 900
235U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kq*
0.21 ± 0.17
26 ± 21
<0.1
<21
0.21 ± 0.15
43 ± 31
<0.03
<5
0.2
32
<0. 03-0. 34
<5-58
238U
fC1/g ash
fCi/ko*
2.4 ± 0.64
300 ± 80
3.1 ± 0.73
680 ± 160
5.8 ± 0.97
1200 ± 200
1 ± 0.36
170 ± 60
2.7
455
1-9.5
82-1800
89Sr
pC1/g ash
oCi/kg*
<10
<1200
<4
<870
<4
<820
<6
<1000
<5.5
<945
<4-<10
<790-
«1500
90Sr
pC1/g ash
DC1/kg*
3.4 ± 0.9
420 ± 110
3 ± 0.9
650 ± 200
2 ± 0.9
410 ± 200
2 ± 1
330 ± 170
3
470
1-4
190-890 .
% Ash
12.4
21.8
20.6
16.7
18.0
12.4-
23.4
|
Ca
mg/g
360
360
360
360
360
360-
380
Wet wt
(kq)
1.56
0.72
0.79
0.88
Ash wt
(q)
194
157
163
147
Wet weight
APPENDIX IV-8. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from Searchlight Cattle - June 1972 (contd)
-------
Rumen Contents Liver Thyroid
Kidney Muscle
K g/g K g/g 131I pCi/g K g/g K g/g
95Zr pCi/g
ftnimal !??to PCi/9
No. ' Ce pCi/g
1 0.0016 0.002 2.8
0.23
0.18
0,22
2 0.0013 0.0035
-------
Animal
No.
8
9
10
MEDIAN
RANGE
Rumen Contents
Kg/g
95Zr
103R,,
KU
141
mCe
0.0013
0.04
0.09
0.13
0.0013
0.14
0.02
0.24
0.0014
0.09
0.16
0.15
0.0013
0.20
0.165
0.19
0.0011-0.0017
0.04-0.28
0.02-0.56
0.13-0.24
Liver Thyroid Kidney Muscle
Kg/g 131I pCi/g Kg/g Kg/g
137Cs pCi/g
0.0031
-------
Sample
No.
1
2
3
4
Locatl on
2.3 miles past
corrals on right
fork (see map).
South of water
tank, 3.8 miles
from corrals on
right fork
(see map).
3.9 miles south
of location #2
to 3rd water
tank, turn east
just before
corrals 0.1 mile
(see map).
From 3rd water
tank, east 1.6
miles to inter-
section. Then
left 1 mile
(see map).
Gamma Analysis Sampling Information
137Cs Wt. of soil Total wt. 234U
K g/g pCi/g <10 Mesh (g) of sample (g) pCi/g
0.024 0.35 6296 8110 0.9 ±
0.098
0.028 0.57 4905 6945 1.4 ±
0.12
0.023 0.3 6735 9275 1.0 ±
0.097
0.022 0.38 6655 9196 1.2 ±
0.10
235U
PCi/g
0.025 ±
0.015
0.06 ±
0.024
0.024 ±
0.016
0.048 ±
0.021
238U
pCi/g
0.84 ±
0.092
1.5 ±
0.12
0.95 ±
0.091
1.3 ±
0.11
239Pu
??R ?™ deposition
238Ru Z39pu mCi/km2
pCi/g pCi/g surface
<0.018 <0.013 <0.83
<0.02 0.018 ± 0.91 ±
0.016 0.81
<0.025 <0.014 <0.91
<0.017 <0.021 <1.4
APPENDIX IV-10.
Analytical Data from Soil Samples Collected on YKL Ranch, Searchlight, Nevada
January 5, 1973
-------
Sample
No. Location
5 4.2 miles west
on NV Hwy 68
from intersection
of Microwave Sta.
Road. 3.3 miles
south on main road
to right-hand fork,
then 0.3 miles to
location.
6 From location #5,
0.2 mi south on
main road, then 3.0
mi south on left
fork.
MEDIAN
RANGE
Gamna Analysis
137Cs
K g/g pCi/g
0.031 0.71
0.025 0.61
0.0245 0.475
0.022- 0.3-
0.031 0.71
Sampling
Wt. of soil
<10 Mesh (g)
4924
5225
5760
4905-
6735
Information
Total wt.
of sample (g)
8130
7986
8120
6945-
9275
234y
pCi/g
0.9 ±
0.092
0.99 ±
0.092
0.995
0.9-
1.4
235U
pCi/g
0.038 ±
0.019
0.06 ±
0.022
0.043
0.024-
0.06
238U
pCi/g
0.92 ±
0.092
1.0 ±
0.095
0.975
0.84-
1.5
239Pu
238 239 deposition
Pu Pu mCi/km2
pCi/g pCi/g surface
<0.018 <0.014 <0.71
<0.026 <0.031 <1.6
<0.019 <0.016 <0.91
<0.017- <0.013- <0.71-
<0.026 <0.031 <1.6
APPENDIX IV-10.
Analytical Data from Soil Samples Collected on YKL Ranch, Searchlight, Nevada
January 5, 1973 (contd)
-------
o —
APPENDIX IV-11. Map of Soil Sampling Locations on YKL Ranch, Searchlight, Nevada
68
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
MFD I AN
RANRF
Dairy
Cow #6
Dairy
Cow #7
238Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/ka*
11 + 6
370 ± 200
12 ± 8
180 ± 120
16 + 7
240 ± 100
<4
<120
5 t 3
97 * 60
11
180
<4-16
97-370
4 ± 4 '
250 ± 250
<3
<240
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
42 i 9
1400 ± 300
230 ± 30
3400 ± 450
160 ± 20
2400 ± 300
22 ± 8
660 ± 240
18 ± 4
350 ± 80
42
1400
18-230
350-3400
22 i 5
1400 i 300
9 ± 3
710 ± 240.
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
16 + 4
530 ± 130
38 ± 6
570 ± 90
16 ± 3
240 ± 45
8 ± 2
240 ± 60
4.7 ± 1.7
92 ± 30
16
240
4.7-38
92-570
6.7 ± 1.9
420 ± 120
4.7 t 1.6
370 ± 120
235,
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.7
<23
1.3 ± 1.3
19 ± 19
0.76 ± 0.69
11 ± 10
1 ± 1
30 ± 30
<0.5
<9.7
0.76
19
<0.5-1.3
<9.7-30
<0.6
<37
<0.5
<39
238U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
16 ± 3
530 ± 100
33 ± 5
490 ± 75
14 ± 3
200 ± 44
7 ± 2
210 ± 60
4.4 ± 1.6
86 ± 30
14
210
4.4-33
86-530
6.2 i 1
390 ± 62
3.9 t 1.5
310 ± 120
X ash
3.33 •
1.49
1.47
3.0
1.96
1.96
1.47-
3.33
6.24
7.94
Wet wt.
(kg)
1.02
1.54
1.36
1.00
0.97
2.42
3.01
Ash wt
(g)
34
23
20
30
19
151
239
*Wet weight
APPENDIX V-l. Actinide Concentrations in Lungs from NTS Cattle - May 1972
69
-------
1
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
MEDIAN
RANGE
Dairy
Cow >6
Dairy
Cow 17
238Pu
pCi/g ash
<0.08
0.09 ± 0.08
0.2 ± 0.1
<0.08
<0.08 .
<0.08
<0.08-0..2
0.09 ± 0.08
<0.04 '
238Pu
pCi/kg*
<0.72
0.92 ± 0.8
1.3 ± 0.6
<0.58
<0.66
<0.72
<0.58-1.3
0.85 ± 0.8
-=0.42
23Q
"sPu
pCi/q ash
0.3 ± 0.1
4.1 ± 0.3
6.9 ± 0.6
0.13 ± 0.06
0.04 ± 0.04
0.3
0.04-6.9
2.3 ± 0.2
0.9 ± 0.1
239Pu
pCi/kg*
2.7 ± 0.8
42 ± 4
44 ± 4
0.95 ± 0.4
0.33 ± 0.3
2.70
0.33-44
22 ± 2
9.5 ± 1
% Ash
0.90
1.02
0.64
0.73
0.83
0.83
0.64-
1.02
0.95
1.05
Wet wt
(kg)
0.041
0.036
0.033
0.041
0.042
0.038
0.058
Ash wt
(g)
0.37
0.37
0.21
0.30
0.35
0.36
0.61
Wet weight
APPENDIX V-2.. Actim'de Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph Nodes
from NTS Cattle - May 1972
70
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
MEDIAN
RANGE
Dairy
Cow #6
6Fetus
Dairy
Cow #7
238Pu
fC1/g ash
3 ± 3
<3
<3
<3
<2
<3
<2-3
<4
<4
<20
238Pu
fC1/kg*
140 ± 140
<100
<110
<48
<52
<100
<48-140
<210
<72
<1200
239Pu
fCi/g ash
2 ± 2
3 ± 2
2 ± 1
1 ± 1
<]
2
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
MEDIAN
RANGE
Dairy
Cow #6
pairy
Cow #7
234U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kq
24 ± 9
110 ±44
42 + 17
490 ± 200
66 ± 10
720 ±120
89 ± 13
870 ± 130
62 ± 11
630 ± 110
62
630
24-89
110-870
100 ±10
1000 ± 100
150 ± 10
1600 ± 100
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg
<4
<17
<3
<35
2 ± 1.9
22 ± 21
2 i 2
20 ± 20
<2
<20
2
22
<2-<4
<»7*35
4.6 ± 2.4
48 ± 25
6 ± 2.6
63 ± 27
238U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg
20 ± 9
88 ± 42
42 ± 17
490 ± 200
56 ± 10
610 ± 110
81 ± 13
790 ± 120
60 ± 11
610 ± 110
56
610
20-81
88-790
80 ± 10
840 ± 100
150 ± 10
1600 ± 100
% Ash
0.44
1.16
1.09
0.98
1.01
1.01
0.44-
1.16
1.05
1.05
Wet wt.
(kg)
0.45
0.43
0.46
0.46
0.42
0.42
0.47
Ash wt
(g)
2
5
5
4.5
4.26
4.4
4.95
Wet weight
APPENDIX V-4. Actinide Concentrations in Kidneys from NTS Cattle - May 1972
72
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
MEDIUM
fcANGE
Dairy
Cow #6
Dairy
,Cow #7
238Pu
fCi/a ash
fCi/kg*
<9.6
<490
5 ± 5
260 ± 260
<4
<230
<2
<48
<3
<91
<4
<230
<2-<9.6
<48-<490
9 A 4
240 ± 100
<4
<94
239.
Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
7.6 ± 4.5
390 ± 230
18 ± 7
930 ± 400
12 i 5
700 ± 300
8 i 3
190 * 70
10 i 3
300 i 80
10
390
7.6-18
190-93
22 '- 5
590 i 140
31 i 6
730 -t 100
234U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kq*
7.6 ± 2.2
390 ± 110
6.5 ± 2.3
340 ± 120
2.1 ± 1.1
120 ± 60
4 ± 1.5
95 ± 35
3.9 ± 1.3
120 ± 40
4
120
2.1-7.6
95-390
7.8 ± 2.1
210 ± 60
3.5 ± 1.5
82 ± 34
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.5
<30
<0.7
<36
<0.3
<17
1.5 ± 0.9
36 i 22
<0.4
<12
<0.5
<30
<0.3-1.5
<12-36
<0.5
<13
0.59 ± 0.59
14 i 14
238U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
6 ± 3.8
310 ± 190
5.4 ± 2.1
280 ± 110
1.5 ± 0.9
88 i 55
2.3 ± 1.1
55 ± 27
3.6 ± 1.3
110 ± 40
3.6
110
1.5-6
55-310
6.3 ± 1.9
170 ± 50
2.6 ± 1.2
61 ' 28
% Ash
5.1
5.16
5.86
2.38
3.04
5.1
2.38-
5.86
2.70
2.36
Wet wt
(kg)
1.92
3.18
3.14
2.02
2.17
3.70
5.30
Ash wt
(q)
98
164
184
48
66
100
125
Wet weight
APPENDIX V-5. Actinide Concentrations in Liver from NTS Cattle - May 1972
73
-------
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
MEDIAN
RANGE
Dairy
Cow #6
Dairy
Cow (H7
238Pu
pCi/g ash
pCi/kq*
0.2 ± 0.1
3.6 ± 2
0.03 ± 0.01
0.64 ± 0.2
0.04 ± 0..01
1 ± 0.2
<0.005
<0.072
0.012 ±
0.008
0.17 ± 0.1
0.03
0.64
<0. 005-0. 2
<0. 072-3. 6
0.012 ±
0.007'
0.28 ± 0.2
<0.004
<0.055
239Pu
pC1/g ash
pCi/kg*
0.8 ± 0.3
14 ± 6
0.17 ± 0.02
3.6 ± 0.5
0.22 ± 0.02
5.5 ± 0.6
0.14 ± 0.02
2 ± 0.3
0.18 ± 0.02
2.6 ± 0.3
0.18
3.6
0.14-0.8
2-14
0.51 ± 0.05
12 ± 1
0.037 ±
0.009
0.51 i 0.1
234U
pCi/g ash
pCi/kg*
0.19 ± 0.01
3.4 ± 0.2
0.1 ± 0.009
2.1 ± 0.2
0.074 ±
0.0065
1.8 ± 0.2
0.073 ±
0.0096
1.1 ± 0.1
0.07 ±
0.0093
1 ± 0.1
0.074
1.8
0.07-0.19
1-3.4
1.1 ± 0.036
26 ± 0.9
0.36 ± 0.025
5 ± 0.4
235U
pCi/g ash
pCi/kg*
0.0085 ±
0.0025
0.15 ± 0.05
0.0021 ±
0.0013
0.044 ±
0.027
0.0014 ±
0.00081
0.035 ± 0.02
0.0053 ±
0.0025
0.077 ±
0.036
0.0046 ±
0.0025
0.066 ±
0.036
0.0046 -
0.044
0.0014-
0.0085
0.035-0.15
0.037 ±
0.0064
0.87 ± 0.15
0.013 ±
0.0043 .
0.18 ± 0.1
238U
od/g ash
pC1/kq*
0.15 ± 0.01
2.7 ± 0.2
0.095 ±
0.009
2 ± 0.2
0.07 ±
0.0061
1.7 ± 0.2
0.07 ±
0.0096
1 ± 0.1
0.063 ±
0.0087
0.91 ± 0.1
0.07
1.7
0.063-0.15
0.91-2.7
0.91 ± 0.033
21 ± 0.8
0.34 ± 0.024
4.7 + 0.3
% Ash
1.79
2.1Z
2.49
1.46
1.44
1.79
1.44-
2.49
2.35
1.38
Wet wt
(kg)
3.13
4.86
3.21
3.50
4.50
3.27
3.90
Ash wt
(g)
56
103
80
51
65
77
54
Wet weight
APPENDIX V-6. Actinide Concentrations in Rumen Contents from NTS Cattle
. - May 1972
74
-------
en
ftm'mal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
MEDIAN
RANGE
Dairy
Cow #6
Dairy
Cow #7
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.3
<59
<0.3
<85
<0.3
<82
0.5 ± 0.4
130 ± 90
<0.3
<75
<0.3
<82
<0.3-0.5
<59-130
<0.3
<75
0.5 ± 0.4
160 ± 100
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
1.7 ± 0.4
340 ± 80
3.3 ± 0.5
940 ± 200
2.2 ± 0.5
600 ± 100
1.1 ± 0.4
280 ± 90
0.9 ± 0.3
220 ± 80
1.7
340
0.9-3.3
220-940
1.2 ± 0.4
300 ± 100
0.8 ± 0.3
250 ± 100
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
2 ± 0.3
400 ± 60
0.89 ± 0.23
250 ± 70
1.4 ± 0.3
380 ± 80
1.8 ± 0.3
460 ± 80
1.8 ± 0.3
450 ± 80
1.8
400
0.89-2
250-460
3.2 ± 0.4
790 ± 100
5.2 ± 0.5
1600 ± 150
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
0.1 ± 0.07
20 ± 15
<0.05
<14
<0.04
<11
0.1 ± 0.08
26 ± 20
0.1 ± 0.1
25 ± 25
0.1
20
<0. 04-0.1
-------
Rumen Contents Liver Lungs Thyroid
Kidney Muscle Blood
K g/g K g/g K g/g 131i pCi/g K g/g K g/g 3H pCi/l
Animal
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
95Zr pCi/g 95Zr pCi/g
103Ru pCi/g
140Ba pCi/g
1 AT
mCe pCi/g
0.0012 0.0038 0.0026 18.0
0.15 0.06
0.11
-------
Animal
No.
7
MEDIAN
RANGE
Rumen Contents
95 K 9/9
Zr pCI/Q
Ru pCi/g
140
uBa pCi/g
141Ce pCi/g
0.002
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kq*
S
<24
<260
S
<6
<49
<4.9
<52
<6
<52
<4.9-<24
<49-<260
<5.7
<62
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fC1/ka*
AMPLE
100 ± 58
1100 ± 630
AMPLE
70 ± 10
570 ± 100
3.5 ± 2.9
37 ± 32
70
570
3.5-100
37-1100
3.9 ± 2.5
42 + 27
234,
fCI/g ash
fCi/ka*
12 ± 4
130 ± 46
68 ± 18
560 ± 150
13 ± 4.6
140 ± 51
13
140
12-68
130-560
340 ± 91
3700 ± 1000
235U
fCi/g ash
fC1/kq*
<1
<11
<2
<16
<1.8
<19
<1.8
<16
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
<200
<1900 .
<200
<1600
<39
<940
<120
<1200 '
<50
<180
<120
<1200 •
<39-<200
<180-<1900
<16
<470
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<100
<950
300 ± 200
2400 ± 1600
48 ± 33
1200 ± 950
<69
<720
<30
<110
<69
<950
< 30- 300
< 11 0-2400
<12
<350
234U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
Sample r
Sample r
160 ± 50
3900 ± 1300
380 ± 100
4000 ±1100
Sample
270
3950
160-380
3900-4000
110 ± 40
3200 ±1100
235U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
ot analyzed
'
ot analyzed
<10
<240
41 ± 34
430 ± 360
not analyzed
<20
<340
<10-41
<240-430
6 ± 4
170 ± 110
238U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
:or U
'or U
150 ± 50
3600 ± 1300
340 ± 90
3500 ± 1000
for U
250
3550
150-340
3500-3600
100 ± 40
2900 ±1100
% Ash
0.95
0.81
2.4
1.04
0.36
0.95
0.36-
2.4
2.9
Wet wt
(kg)
0.019
0.025
0.024
0.024
0.139
0.048
Ash wt
(g)
0.18
0.20
0.58
0.25
0.50
1.4
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-2. Actim'de Concentrations in Tracheo-Bronchial Lymph Nodes
from Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
79
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
238Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg* '
<12
<81
<2.3
<19
<2.1
<18
<3.7
<26
<2.8
<31
<2.8
<26
<2.1-<12
<18-<81 '
<2.1
<23
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<5.9
<40
12 * 3.7
98 ± 30
15 .4 2.6
130 ± 22
15 ± 7
110 t 49
280 * 25
3000 + 280
15
no
<5.9-280
<40-3000
,2.3
<25
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
16 ± 3.1
no ± 21
88 ± 21
720 ± 170
20 ± 2.8
170 ± 24
Analys
8.6 ± 2.5
95 ± 27
18
140
8.6-88
95-720
<1.8
<20
235,
fC1/g ash
fCi/ka*
4.1 ± 1.5
28 ± 10
6.3 ± 5.6
52 i 46
4.7 i 1.7
40 ± 15
is Not Comple
<1.8
<20
4.4
34
<1.8-6.3
<20-52
<1.8
<20
238,
fC1/g ash
fC1/kq*
15 ± 2.9
100 ± 20
82 ± 20
670 ± 160
19 ± 2.6
160 ± 22
ted
8.1 ± 2.4
89 ± 26
17
130
8.1-82
89-670
<1.8
<20
% Ash
0.68
0.82
0.86
0.71
1.1
0.82
0.68-
1.1
1.1
Wet wt
(kg)
6.19
6.44
5.59
4.81
4.89
6.37
Ash wt
(g)
42.1
52.8
48.0
34.2
53.8
70.1
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-3.
Actinide Concentrations in Muscle from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
80
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
<29
<390
28 ± 11
280 ± 110
<42
<540
<6.3
<160
98 ' 88
1200 ± 1100
28.5
<390
<6.3-98
< 160- 1200
<6.5
<82
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
380 ± 120
5100 t 1700
450 t 46
4400 ± 450
350 ± 150
4500 ± 1900
310 ± 19
7600 ± 450
210 ± 140
2500 ± 1600
350
4500
210-450
2500-7600
25 L 10
320 + 130
234U
fCI/g ash
fC1/kg*
16 ± 5
220 ± 70
16 ± 4
160 i 44
49 ± 15
620 ± 200
13 ± 3.3
320 ± 79
11 ± 4
130 ± 52
16
220
11-49
130-620
17 i 5
220 ± 65
235U
fCi/g ash
fC1/kg*
:!*
<3
<29
:!,
2.5 ± 1.4
62 ± 34
<2
<24
<2
<24
<13-62
<2
.25
238U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
15 ± 5
200 ± 70
12 ± 4
120 ± 37
46 i 15
590 ± 19
13 i 3.1
320 ± 74
9 ± 4
110 ± 46
13
200
9-46
110-590
15 ± 5
190 >. 60
% Ash
1.35
0.98
1.3
2.5
1.2
1.3
0.98-
2.5
1.3
Wet wt
(kg)
2.59
2.74
3.45
1.38
3.61
2.13
Ash wt
35
27
44
34
43
27
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-4. Actinide Concentrations in Liver from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
81
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
238Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/ka*
<3.8
<53
<11
<180
19 ± 8.7
290 t 130
<4.8
<58
<6.3
<100
<6.3
<100
<3.8-19
<53-290 .
13 ± 8.8
210 > 140
239
J3Pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
46 ± 9.3
640 ± 130
36 * 11
580 ± 180
1100 ± 80
16000 i 1200
70 ± 10
840 ± 120
45 i 16
720 t 260
46
720
36-1100
580-16000
220 + 30
3600 ± 490
234y
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
310 ± 17
4300 ± 240
1200 ± 42
19000 i 680
870 ± 35
13000 ± 530
360 ± 22
4300 ± 260
1500 ± 55
24000 ± 880
870
13000
310-1500
4300-24000
1100 ± 37
18000 i 610
235U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kq*
11 ± 3.1
150 ± 43
37 ± 7.5
590 ± 120
27 ± 6.1
410 ± 92
12 ± 3.6
140 ± 43
57 ± 10
910 ± 160
27
410
11-57
140-910
37 * 7
600 i 110
238U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kq
290 ± 16
4000 ± 220
1100 ± 40
18000 t 640
800 ± 33
12000 ± 500
340 ± 21
4100 ± 250
1400 ± 52
22000 ± 830
800
12000
290-1400
4000-22000
920 ± 30
15000 ± 550
% Ash
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.2-
l.fi
1.6
Wet wt
(kg)
3.83
3.39
2.88
2.5
3.08
2.46
Ash wt
(g)
53.6
54.2
43.2
30.0
49.3
40.0
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-5.
Actinide Concentrations in Rumen Contents from
Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
82
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
23i3Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<20
<2000
<20
<4000
<20
<8200
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
40 ± 20
4000 ± 2000
190 ± 50
38000 ±
10000
30 ± 20
12000 ± 8000
SAMPLE
<20'
<4300
<20.
<4150
<20'<20
<2000-<8200
<30
< 14000
40 ± 20
8700 ± 4600
40
10400
30-190
4000-38000
280 * 70
134000 •
34000
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
6000 ± 2400
600000 ±
24000
20000 ± 760
4000000 ±
150000
17000 ±610
7000000 ±
250000
25000 ± 820
5400000 ±
180000
18500
4700000
6000-25000
600000-
7000000
53000 + 2900
25000000 •
1400000
235U
fCi/g ash
fC1/kq*
160 ± 37
16000 ± 3700
760 ± 140
150000 ±
28000
460 ± 98
190000 ±
40000
830 ± 140
180000 ±
32000
610
165000
160-830
16000-190000
2200 ± 590
1060000 ±
280000
238U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kq*
5600 t 2300
560000 ±
23000
18000 ±710
3600000 ±
140000
16000 ±
560
6600000 ±
230000
L 0 S
24000 ± 770
5200000 ±
1 50000
17000
4400000
5600-24000
560000-
6600000
49000 ± 280C
24000000 ±
1 300000
% Ash
.10.0
20.0
40.7
T
21.7
20.85
10-40.
48.0
Wet wt
(kq)
0.039
0.05
0.128
0.083
0.04
Ash wt
(g)
3.9
10.0
52.5
18.0
19.2
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-6.
Actinide Concentrations in Reticulum Sediment from
Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
83
-------
00
238Pu
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
FCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<2.5
<680
<1.3
<39n
2.7 ± 1.7
810 ± 510
<1.5
<360
<1.3
<350
<1.5
<390
<1.3-2.7
<350-810
<230
239Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
32 ± 5.9
8600 ± 1600
7 ± 1.9
2100 ± 580
130 ± 11
39000 ± 3300
50 ± 5
12000 ± 1200
<1.8
<480
32
8600
<1. 8-130
<480-39000
2 ± 1.1
380 ± 200
234U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
8.1 ± 2.1
2200 ± 580
5.3 ± 1.7
1600 ± 510
6.3 ± 1.9
1900 ± 580
9.6 ± 2
2300 ± 470
5.2 ± 1.5
1400 ± 400
6.3
1900
5.2-9.6
1400-2300
10 ± 1.4
1900 ± 360
235U
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<0.74
<200
<0.33
<99
<0.13
<39
<0.29
<69
0.56 ± 0.48
150 ± 130
<0.33
<99
<0.13-<0.74
<39-<200
0.5 ± 0.4
94 ± 72
238U
.fCi/g ash .
fCi/kg*
7.8 ± 2
2100 ± 540
5 ± 1.6
1500 ± 480
6 ± 1.8
1800 ± 550
8.7 ± 1.9
2100 ± 450
4.8 ± 1.4
1300 ± 370
6
1800
4.8-8.7
1300-2100
8.9 ± 1.9
1700 ± 360
89Sr
oCi/g ash
oCi/kg*
<1.4
<380
<2.6
<780
<2.7
<810
<4
<960
<2.8
<760
<2.7
<780
<1.4-<4.
<380-<960
<3.4
<640
90Sr
oC1/g ash
pCi/kq*
3.2 ± 1.3
860 ± 350
4.3 ± 1.1
1300 ± 330
4 ± 1.1
1200 ± 330
4.6 ± 1.1
1100 ± 270
4.4 ± 1.1
1200 ± 300
4.3
1200
3.2-4.6
SfiO-1300
2.1 ± 0.93
400 ± 170
% Ash
26.9
30.0
30.0
24.0
26.9
26.9
24-30
19.0
Ca
mg/g
380
370
380
380
380
380
370-
380
390
Wet wt
(kg)
1.22
1.43
1.54
1.29
1.72
1.34
Ash wt
(g)
329.4
429
462
309.6
464
254.6
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-7.
Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Femurs from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
-------
00
tn
Animal
No.
14
15
16
i
17
18
|
: MED I AN
: RANGE
|
i
r 19
Control
i-Calf
238Pu
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
<3.4
<1200
<1.2
<400
<1.2
<460
<1.5
<400
<1.5
<520
<1.5
<460
<1.2-<3.4
<400-<1200
<1.2
<350
239Pu
fC1/a ash
fCi/kg*
18 ± 5.4
6300 ± 1900
4.8 ± 1.5
1600 ± 510
53 ± 5.8
20000 ± 2200
31 ± 3.4
8400 ±910
8.1 ± 2.1
2800 ± 720
18
6300
4.8-53
1600-20000
<0.76
<220
•234U
fC1/q ash
fCi/kg*
13 ± 3.1
4600 ±1100
7.3 ± 1.8
2400 ± 590
7.9 ± 1.8
3000 ± 690
10 ± 2
2700 ± 540
6.3 ± 1.7
2200 ± 600
7.9
2700
6.3-13
2200-4600
17 ± 2.7
4900 ± 790
235U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
<0.57
<200
0.55 ± 0.48
180 ± 160
<0.53
<200
<0.37
<99
<0.57
<200
0.55
<200
<0.37-<0.57
<99-<200
0.62 ± 0.48
180 ± 140
238
"°U
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
12 ± 2.9
4200 ± 1000
6.7 ± 1 .7
2200 ± 560
7.4 ± 1.7
2800 ± 650
9.6 ± 1.9
2600 ±510
5.9 ± 1.6
2100 ± 560
7.4
2600
5.9-12
2100-4200
16 ± 2.5
4600 ± 730
89Sr
oC1/a ash
oCi/kq*
<4
<1400
<2.3
<760
<2.9
<1100
<4.4
<1200
<3.5
<1200
<4
<1200
<2.3-<4.4
<760-<1400
<2.2
<630
90Sr
oC1/g ash
' pCi/kg*
4 ± 1.2
1400 ± 410
3.9 ± 0.97
1300 ± 320
3.4 ± 1.2
1300 ± 440
2.8 ± 1.0
760 ± 280
2.6 ± 1
910 ± 340
3.4
1300
2.6-4
760-1400
3.4 i 0.9>
990 ± 280
"
% Ash
34.9
33.0
37.9
26.Q
35.0
34.9
26.9-
37.9
28.9
Ca
mg/g
380
370
380
380
370
380
370-
380
370
Wet wt
(kg)
0.825
0.856
0.540
0.865
0.690
0.597
I
Ash wt
(a) .
288.7
282.5
205.2 .
233.5
241.5
173.1
Wet weiant
APPENDIX VI-8. Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Ribs from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
1
16
17
!
18
MEDIAN
RANGE
19
Control
Calf
238Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
<3.1
<620
<1.5
<240
2.9 ± 1.5
580 ± 310
<1.4
<210
<1
<180
<1.5
<240
<1-<3.1
<180-<620
<1.4
<170
239pu 234,
fC1/g ash .
fCi/kg*
40 ± 8.5
8000 ± 1700
8.1 ± 2.1
1300 ± 330
160 + 1200
32000 + 2400
73 ± 7.3
11000 ± 1100
10 ± 2.1
1800 ± 370
40
8000
8.1-160
1300-32000
2.8 ± 1.3
340 ± 160
fCi/g ash .
fCi/kg*
10 ± 2.1
2000 ± 430
5.9 ± 1.3
940 ± 200
7 ± 1.8
1400 + 360
8.7 ± 1.9
1300 i 290
6.1 ± 1.4
1100 ± 260
7
1300
5.9-10
940-2000
14 ± 2.7
1700 ± 330
235U
fCl/g ash
fC1/ka*
1 ± 0.9
200 r 180
<0.4
<64
<0.2
<39
0.67 ± 0.49
100 ± 74
0.52 ± 0.43
93 ± 77
0.52
93
<0.2-1
<39-200
0.71 ± 0.57
85 ± 68
238,
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
10 ± 2
2000 ± 400
5.3 ± 1.4
850 ± 220
6.5 + 1.7
1300 ± 340
8 + 1.8
1200 ± 270
5.6 + 1.3
1000 + 240
6.5
1200
5.3-10
850-2000
13 ± 2.6
1600 ± 310
89Sr
pCi/g ash
oC1/kg*
<3.5
<700
<2.2
<350
<1.9
<380
<2.9
<430
<3.4
<610
<2.9
<430
<1.9-<3.5
<350-<700
<3.7
<440
90Sr
oC1/g ash
pCi/ka*
3.2 ± 1
640 = 200
3.2 - 1
510 ± 150
2.3 + 0.8
460 ± 160
3.7 + 1.1
550 ± 170
2.3 + 0.89
410 ± 160
3.2
510
2.3-3.7
410-640
1.9 + 1
230 ± 120
% Ash
20.0
16.0
20.0
14.9
18.0
18
14.9-
20
11.9
Ca
mg/g
380
380
380
380
370
380
370-
380
380
Wet wt
(kq)
0.857
1.296
1.411
1.338
1.686
1.866
1
Ash wt
(g)
171.4
207.4 ,
282.2
200.7
303.5
223.9
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-9.
Actinide and Strontium Concentrations in Vertebrae from Roller Coaster
Feedlot Cattle - October 1972
-------
Animal
No.
14
15
16
17
18
19
MEDIAN
RANGE
Rumen Contents
Kg/g
0.0014
0.0015
'0.0019
.0.004
0.0031
0.001
.0.0017
0.001-0.004
Liver
K g/g
0.0004
0.0025
0.003
0.0032
0.0026
0.0023
0.00255
0.0004-0.0032
Thyroid
-------
Food Type
Steer
Concentrate
4-Way Grain
Alfalfa Hay
Area 15
Water
238pu
fCi/q ash
fCi/kg*
<1.1
<190
-.-4.1
<120
<0.9
<80
<400
fCi/1
239Pu
fC1/g ash
fCi/kg*
0.8 ± 0.65
140 ± 110
3.4 ± 2.9
99 i 83
3 * 1
300 ± 100
20 ± 20
fCi/1
234y
fCi/g ash
fCi/kg*
3700 ± 120
642000 ±
21000
17 ± 5.2
500 ± 150
180 ± 9
16000 ± 800
910 ± 80
fC1/l
235U
fC1/g ash
fC1/kg*
120 ± 21
21000 ±
3500
3 ± 2
870 ± 57
11 ± 1
990 ± 130
27 ± 15
fCi/1
238U
fC1/q ash
fC1/kg*
3500 ± 120
607000 ±
21000
16 ± 4.8
460 ± 140
170 ± 9
15000 ± 800
860 ± 80
fC1/l
Ash
(«
17.3
2.9
8.96
Wet wt
(kg)
2.42
1.69
0.67
Ash wt
(q)
420
49
60
Wet weight
APPENDIX VI-11
Actinide Concentrations of the Water and the Food from
the Roller Coaster Feedlot Cattle -October 1972
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APPENDIX VII.
Minimum Detectable Activities for Radionuclide Analyses,
Technical Support Laboratory, National Environmental
Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada.
The minimum detectable activities (MDA's) in terms of total activity
per sample for standard geometries and counting times are based on a
combination of a number of technical experiments and operational
experience. By means of experimentation, the MDA has been defined as
that activity which produced a ± 100 percent deviation at the
95 percent confidence level. These values are applicable to ideal
conditions and simple complexes of nuclides. Complex spectra or spectra
showing naturally occurring radionuclides can raise the MDA's considerably.
Minimum Detectable Activities in pCi for Total Sample
Isotope
5ltMn
65Zn
6°Co
95Zr
103Ru
106Ru
12"Sb
125Sb
132Te
131!
133I
137Cs
140Ba
1£tlCe
^"Ce
181W
*
K
10-Min Count
Planchet
50
500
50
50
50
500
50
. 250
50
50
50
50
50
250
500
600
0.5
40-Min Count
Planchet
25
250
25
25
25
250
25
125
25
25
25
25
25
125
250
300
0.3
400 ml
40
400
40
40
40
400
40
200
40
40
40
40
40
200
400
475
0.4
3.5 1
35
350
35
35
35
350
35
175
35
35
35
35
35
175
350
425
0.4
100-Min Count
400 ml
25
250
25
25
25
250
25
125
25
25
25
25
25
125
250
300
0.3
1,000 ml
25
250
25
25
25
250
25
125
25
25
25
25
25
125
250
300
0.3
3.5 1
22
220
22
22
22
220
22
110
22
22
22
22
22
110
220
260
0.25
Grams of stable potassium per kilogram of sample (wet weight) as
determined from ^°K activity.
89
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APPENDIX VII. Minimum Detectable Activities for Radionuclide Analyses
contd
Isotope
Minimum Detectable Activity
Length of Count Time
3H
89Sr
90Sr
238pu
239pu
0.2 pCi per ml of H
5.0 pCi per sample
2.0 pCi per sample
0.02 pCi per sample
0.02 pCi per sample
0.02 pCi per sample
0.02 pCi per sample
0.02 pCi per sample
200 minutes
50 minutes
50 minutes
1,000 minutes
1,000 minutes
1,000 minutes
1,000 minutes
1,000 minutes
90
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1 - 20 Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV
21 - 23 Maj. Gen. E. Graves, Asst. Gen. Mgr. for Military Application,
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40 F, K. Pittman, Waste Management and Transportation, ERDA/HQ,
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42 H. F. Soule, Waste Management and Transportation, ERDA/HQ,
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43 W. B. Johnston, ERDA Albuquerque Operations Office, Albuquerque, NM
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59 Chief, NOB/DNA, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
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61 W. S. Twenhofel, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO
62 J. L. Olsen, LLL, Livermore, CA
63 L. S.: Germain, LLL, Livermore, CA
64 P. L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, CA
65 W. E. Nervik, LLL, Livermore, CA
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78 C. D. Broyles, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
79 E. M. Romney, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
80 A. Wallace, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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83 C. Comar, Elec. Power Res. Inst., Palo Alto, CA
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84 W. C. Hanson, LASL, Los Alamos, NM
85 F. W. Whicker, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO
86 W. E. Miles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
87 W. G. Bradley, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
88 V. R. Bohman, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
89 P. R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute, University of
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90 G. B. Maxey, Desert Research Institute, University of
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91 L« P. Smith, President, Desert Research Institute,
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92 J. N. Stannard, Dept. of Radiation Biology and Biophysics,
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93 L. K. Bustad, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
94 V. Schultz, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
95 W. E. Martin, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH
96 R. S. Davidson, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, OH
97 W. J. Bair, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
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98 R. C. Thompson, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
Richland, WA
99 L. L. Eberhardt, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
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100 R, 0. Gilbert, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
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101 - 110 J. F. Willging, Dow Chemical Company, Golden, CO
111 J. R. Seed, Dow Chemical Company, Golden, CO
112 W. A. Rhoads, EG&G, Goleta, CA
113 0. G. Raabe, Lovelace Foundation, Albuquerque, NM
114 T. Tamura, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
115 H. E. Wahlberg, Comparative Animal Research Lab., Oak Ridge, TN
116 H. Pfuderer, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Ecological Sciences
Information Center (Pu Data Base Group), Oak Ridge, TN
117 A. E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, NV
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123 M. E. Gates, Manager/C. E. Williams, Deputy Manager, ERDA/NV
124 R. Ray, Asst. Mgr., Envir. and Safety, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
125 R. W. Newman, Deputy Asst. Mgr., Operations, ERDA/NV,
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126 P. J. Mudra, Dir., Operations Support Div., ERDA/NV,
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128-137 P. B. Dunaway, Acting Dir., Bioenvir. Sciences Div., ERDA/NV,
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138-147 M. G, White, Bioenvir. Sciences Div., ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
148-157 E. D. Campbell, Chief, Life Sciences Branch, ERDA/NV,
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158 J. 0. Gummings, Dir., NTSSO, ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
159 B. G. DiBona, Dir., Ind. Relations Div., ERDA/NV, Las Vegas, NV
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Las Vegas, NV
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EPA, Washington, DC
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172 W. A. Mills, Director, Div. of Criteria and Standards, ORP,
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