SWRHL-65r
PRELIMINARY RADIATION SURVEILLANCE OF AN AQUATIC SYSTEM
NEAR THE NEVADA TEST SITE
June - July, 1967
by
William L. Klein and Raymond A. Brechbill
Radiological Research Program
Western Environmental Research Laboratory
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Published February 1972
This research was performed as a part of the Radiation
Effects Program and was supported by the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
under
Memorandum of Understanding No. SF 54 373.
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This report was prepared as an account of work soonsored
by the United States Government. Neither the United States
nor the United States Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of
their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcon-
tractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express
or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any infor-
mation, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or repre-
sents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights.
Available from the National Technical Information Service,
U.S. Department of Commerce,
Springfield, VA, 22151
Price: paper copy $3.00; microfiche $.95.
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SWRHL-65r
PRELIMINARY RADIATION SURVEILLANCE OF AN AQUATIC SYSTEM
NEAR THE NEVADA TEST SITE
June - July, 1967
by
William L. Klein and Raymond A. Brechbill*
Radiological Research Program
Western Environmental Research Laboratory
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Published February 1972
This research was performed as a part of the Radiation
Effects Program and was supported by the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
under
Memorandum of Understanding No. SF 54 373.
*Mr. Brechbill is presently with the U. S. Atomic Energy
Commission, Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada.
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ABSTRACT
This report is the culmination of a threermonth preliminary radiation
surveillance study of an aquatic system in Upper Pahranagat Lake near
the Nevada Test Site. The objectives of this study were to determine
the concentrations of fission products in; selected samples and to
establish the necessary methodology for radiation surveillance in an
aquatic ecosystem.
Radionuclide concentrations were found to be insignificant in water,
aquatic plant, and fish samples. Sediment samples had detectable
levels of 137Cs, tt°K, 90Sr, and U. Strontium-90 levels in fishbone
were low (2.38 pCi/g bone ash) compared to those found in bovine
femur samples (6.9 pCi/g bone ash) collected during the same period.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES iii
I. INTRODUCTION !
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2
Sampling Methodology 3
1. Sediment 3
2. Fish 6
3. Water 7
4. Aquatic Vegetation 7
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10
IV. SUMMARY 12
REFERENCES . 13
APPENDICES 14
DISTRIBUTION
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables Page
1. Sample Collections 3
2. Average concentrations of selected nuclides in 9
tissue.
3. Average concentrations of selected nuclides in 9
sediment and bone.
Figures
1. Map of Nevada Test Site and Surrounding Region. 4
2. Aerial Photograph of Pahranagat Lake and Sampling Grid. 5
m
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I. INTRODUCTION
Biological samples from a freshwater lake near the Nevada Test Site(NTS)
were analyzed for the presence of selected radionuclides in order to
establish a base line for this particular system and to develop method-
ology necessary for any further definitive studies of this type.
Although the aquatic system has not been included in the radiation surveil-
lance of the Animal Investigation Program(AIP) studies to date, the pos-
sible introduction of radionuclides into man's food chain through fish
and waterfowl is acknowledged to be important1»2»3. Tsivoglou, Harward,
and Ingram give an informative analysis of this subject1*. Stream biota
constitute at least a partially selective sampling device by concentrating
certain radionuclides to high degrees and rejecting others5*6. Aquatic
organisms from freshwaters concentrate many elements to many times the
level in the water that the organism inhabits. By this process, organisms
growing in water containing levels of radioisotopes that would be well
below the RPG for drinking water can accumulate certain radionuclides to
levels that could limit their use for human food7»8»9»10.
The following are the objectives by which this study was guided:
1. To determine the concentrations of fission products in samples
of water sediment and aquatic vegetation obtained from one
aquatic system near the NTS.
2. To establish methodology for any future studies of aquatic
systems near the NTS.
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II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Since the climate of the region surrounding NTS does not lend itself
to the support of an extensive aquatic system, the vast majority of
the streams and lakes are seasonal and do not support significant
populations of fish and waterfowl. However, there are several important
bodies of water in this area from which edible fish and waterfowl are
obtained by the general public.
The Upper Pahranagat Lake on U.S. 93, twenty miles south of Crystal
Springs, Nevada, was chosen as the sampling site (Figure 1). This
site is approximately fifty miles from the center of the NTS on an
azimuth of 60 degrees. The lake is approximately 400 acres in area
and is accessible throughout the year. It supports a stable fish
population which was present prior to AEC testing on the NTS, as con-
firmed by Nevada Fish and Game Commission employees. The dominant
species of fish in Pahranagat Lake is carp, Cyp-^cnoi
The sources of water for Pahranagat Lake are Crystal Springs, one mile
west of U.S. 93 on Nevada 38, and Ash Springs, six miles south of
Crystal Springs.
In several of the past AEC tests which released radionuclides into the
atmosphere, the fallout path was in a northeasterly direction, passing
over this lake.
Permission for use of Upper Pahranagat Lake as a sampling site was
obtained from the Refuge Manager of the National Pahranagat Waterfowl
Refuge. Sampling locations are shown on the map (Figure 2). The map
was prepared by overlaying a quarter-mile by one-eighth mile scaled
acetate grid on an aerial photograph. The vertical axes were given
numerical designations, and the horizontal axes were given letter
designations. The resulting seventeen sampling locations containing
portions of the lake were then referred to by their intersects,
e.g., E6.
2
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Marking stakes were placed at quarter-mile intervals along the lake.
These stakes were used as reference points to locate each of the
sampling locations previously designated on the aerial grid. Sampling
buoys were prepared from plastic containers. Clay bricks, with
mortar locks, were attached to a 50-pound test nylon cord and used as
buoy weights.
Table 1 lists the sampling dates and the type and quantity of samples
collected.
Table 1. Sample Collections
Collection
Dates
Fish
Aquatic
Plants
Water
Sediment
June 10, 1967*
June 22, 23, 1967
July 11-13, 1967
July 21, 1967
41
10
52
68
*Collected by Dr. James Deacon, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Sampling Methodology.
1. Sediment
Sediment samples were collected with a 9- by 9-inch
Ekman dredge. Four samples were taken at each
sampling buoy, one within each of the four quadrants
formed by the buoy transect lines. Each quadrant
sample was collected at no less than 25 and no more
than 50 feet from the buoy. Samples were taken
in this manner because of the potential sediment
variability often encountered in an aquatic system,
due to geographical, geological, faunal, and hydro-
logical characteristics.
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GARDNER
RN
DUCKWATER
CURRANT MAINT. STA
CURRANT
KIHKEBY
RANCH
*SHOSHONE
GEYSER
HrvrrncPk LOCKES RN
HOT CREEK
MANHATTAN BLUE JAY,
TWIN SPGS. RN
SHELL OIL SITE
BLUE EAGLE RN.
' f
STONE CABIN RN.
CLARK'S STA
OAVEN. U^ALDES RN
W CASTLE
^_
CEDAR CITY
PANACA
OYNESjHIKO y^ALIENTE
CRYSTAL SPGS.
ASH SPGS.
ALAMO * ELGIN
ANCOCKSM w
| •GROOM
PAHRANAGAT LAKE
INDEPENDENCE
LONE PINE
WARM SPGS. RN.
LOGANDALE
LATHROP WELLS
DANSBY~RN
NJ
INDIAN SPRINGS
DESERT
VALLEY JCT
SHOSHONE
RDGECREST
RANDSBURG
10 20 30 40 50
Figure 1. Map of Nevada Test Site and Surrounding Region.
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Figure 2. Aerial photo of Pahranagat Lake with sampling grid.
5
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Sixty-eight sediment samples were collected, four
samples at each of the 17 sampling locations. Each
sample consisted of 500 ml of sediment, taken from
a separate dredging. Samples were placed in 500-ml
polyethylene containers and labeled with the location
and date of collection. Sample containers were then
placed in polyethylene bags which were tied to prevent
any sample loss.
Upon arrival at the laboratory in Las Vegas, the
samples were recorded in a logbook and sent for
gamma spectral analyses.
2. Fish
Four large specimens of carp, Cyp/u>ut6 caAp
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A total of sixteen of the largest fish was selected.
These had a mean age of 3.6 years. Seven different
types of composite samples were taken: roe, muscle,
eye, gill, scale, viscera, and bone. Samples were
placed in 500-ml polyethylene containers. Formalin
was added as a preservative. The sample containers
were placed in polyethylene bags and kept in a
refrigerated truck until arrival at WERL.
The remaining carcasses were placed in polyethylene
bags for preparation of bone for strontium-90
analysis.
3. Water
Water samples were collected in the inlet stream and
down the length of the lake. A total of eight samples
was collected in one-gallon polyethylene containers.
Surface samples were taken, because the lake is too
shallow and has too much turnover to allow strati-
fication. In a deeper body of water, where
stratification might possibly occur, it would be
necessary to sample at various levels. The water was
not filtered.
A 500-ml aliquot was taken from each sample for gamma
spectroscopy.
4. Aquatic Vegetation
Samples of each species of aquatic plants within 50 feet
of the sampling buoy were taken at each of the seventeen
sampling locations. Aquatic vegetation was collected on
June 23 (10 samples), and July 21 (52 samples).
Although there was a fair amount of growth present at
the time of the first collection, there was ten times
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as much growth on the second sampling run. Seven
different species of aquatic vegetation were col-
lected: Pcu>pa£um dl(>£lc.hu)m, Potamog&ton pe.c&,ncutu.t>,
Ele.oc.ka/tM> monte.vi.de.nAej>, Chasta aAppJia, and
Ciadophotia spp., and two species of ScxApui. Pre-
sentation of the major aquatic plant community in
Upper Pahranagat Lake is given in Appendix II.
Samples were compressed into 500-ml polyethylene
containers, labeled and analyzed for gamma-emitting
radionuclides.
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Table 2. Average concentrations of selected nuclides in wet tissue,
pCi/g.
Sampl es
Viscera
Gill
Scale
Roe
Muscle
Eye
Composite
Samples.
7
2
2
1
6
1
40,
.0026
(7)*
.0013
(2)
ND
.0041
(1)
.0028
(6)
ND
106Ru
0.18
(1)
ND
0.18
(1)
ND
ND
ND
131j
.07
(1)
0.11
(2)
0.13
(1)
ND
.07
(3)
ND
137Cs
.06
(3)
ND
ND
ND
.06
(4)
ND
144Ce
0.33
(1)
ND
ND
ND
0.39
(2)
ND
134Cs
ND/
ND
0.11
(1)
ND
ND
ND
*( ) = Number of total composite samples in which the radionuclide was
detected.
/ND = Not detectable.
Table 3. Average concentrations of selected nuclides in sediment and bone,
_ pCi/g.
Samples posUe 40K 106Ru 131I 137Cs 144Ce 134Cs 90Sr
Samples
SoHimont fifi -0021 °'29 °'30 °'30 2'08 °'23 °'33^
Sednment 68 (59)* (32) (6] j (6?) (M) (6?)
Bone 1 2.38**
*( ) = Number of total composite samples in which the radionuclide was
detected.
/ = pCi/g wet sediment
** = pCi/g bone ash
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•III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The average concentration of nuclides in the samples is presented in
Tables 2 and 3. Detectable levels of 137Cs, 40K, and U were found in
the sediment samples. This is to be expected since both 40K and U are
naturally occurring, U being commonly found in sediments throughout
the Southwest. Cesium-137 is an aged fission product, a part of
worldwide fallout, which would be expected to be found in samples
of this type. The traces of 131I found in most samples could have
come from the Umber test which released radioactivity to the atmos-
phere at the Nevada Test Site June 29, 1967. Strontium-90 levels in
the fishbone composite were low (2.38 pCi/g ash) as compared to those
of the bovine femur samples collected routinely by the AIP (Table 3).
The mean value of 90Sr for five bovine femur samples collected in the
spring of 1968 was 6.9 pCi/g bone ash.
No significant levels of fission products were found in the plant,
water, or fish samples. Difficulties in determining the validity'
of the data were encountered with all samples due to the low
levels of activity present. The sample counting time of 20 minutes,
which was used, proved to be too brief.
In regard to sediment sampling, the Ekman dredge was not found to be
practical at all sampling locations. At some stations, the bottom
vegetation was so profuse as to prevent the dredge from biting into
the sediment. At stations near the perimeter of the lake, the bottom
sediment was very hard, due to annual drying as the lake decreased
in area through the summer months. These factors alone, or in combina-
tion, limited the use of the dredge. The dredge functioned best at
the stations located centrally down the length of the lake. At these
points, the increased depth and current flow contribute to a
decrease in bottom vegetation and sediment compactness. Depending on
10
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the time of the year, the dredge should be operable at most of the
sampling locations at Pahranagat Lake. After the cold weather has de-
creased the amount of bottom growth and the cessation of irrigation
has permitted the replenishment of the lake's water supply, the dredge
should operate at maximum efficiency.
Fortunately, one of the factors which caused the abundance of bottom
growth, shallow depth, also permitted sampling by direct collection.
The maximum depth of the lake at the time of collection was approximately
10 feet. Once through the bottom growth, the sediment in the more central
locations was easily collected by merely diving down to the bottom with
a container in hand and manually scooping up the desired samples. Col-
lection of samples at the peripheral locations was more tedious. The
extreme hardness of the bottom sediment at these points necessitated
actual digging for sample material.
A methodological problem involved in direct collection of this type
is that of obtaining stratified samples. The advantage of an Ekman
dredge is its ability to take a uniform sample several inches in depth.
At the locations where use of the dredge was not feasible, care was
taken to collect the upper several inches of sediment, rather than
"surface skimming."
All of the problems which were encountered during this preliminary study
would serve as useful guides in the organization and execution of a
long-range definitive study of systems in the NTS region if such were
to be undertaken. In addition, the insignificant levels of fission
products reported are of some value as background data.
11
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IV. SUMMARY
Analysis of samples taken during this study indicated no significant
levels of fission products in biological samples collected in Upper
Pahranagat Lake. Methodology was developed which enables the WERL
Animal Investigation Program to be in a state of readiness should
there be a need for surveillance of aquatic ecosystems in the NTS
region.
12
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REFERENCES
1. Davis, J. J., R. F. Foster. Bioaccumulation of Radioisotopes Through
Aquatic Food Chains. Ecology 39(7): 530-535 (1958).
2. Foster, R. W., D. McConnon. Relationships Between the Concentration
of Radionuclides in Columbia River Water and Fish. In: B i.n Watesi PoM.uti.on - Transactions of the 1962 Seminar,
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. U. S.
Public Health Service, Publ . No. 999-WP-25. pp. 216-224. (1965).
3. Henderson, C., G. G. Robeck, R. C. Palange. Effects of Low-Level
Radioactivity in the Columbia River. Public Health Reports 71(1):
6-14 (1956).
4. Tsivoglou, E. C., E. D. Harward, W. M. Ingram. S&Le.cm SuA.ve.y&
RatiU.oactJ.ve. Watte. Control. The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, 29 West 39th Street, New York 18, N.Y., March 11-14. (1957).
5. Foster, R. F., J. J. Davis. Accumulation ofa Radioactive.
•in Aquatic, foxm*. Proc. U. N. Conf. on Peaceful Uses of Atomic
Energy, U. N. 280, Geneva. (1955).
6. Palange, R. C., G. G. Robeck, C. Henderson. Radioactivity in Stream
Pollution. Ind. and Engr. Chem. 48:1847-1850. (October, 1956).
7. National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 52. Maximum
Amount* o£ Radio ij>o to p&> i,n tnn Human Body and Maximum
ConczntnationA i.n AiA and WateA. U. S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. (1953).
8. Robeck, G. G., C. Henderson, R. C. Palange. Rtpovt ofi WateA Quality
Studies on the. Columbia RiveA. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering
Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. U. S. Public Health Service (1954).
9. Setter, L. R., G. R. Hagee, C. P. Straub. Analysis of Radioactivity
in Surface Waters: Practical Laboratory Methods. American J.
Public Health. (1956).
10. Thomas, H. A. Public Health Implications of Radioactive Fallout in
Water Supplies. American J. Public Health 46(10) :1266-1274.
(October, 1956).
13
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APPENDICES
Appendix I Suggested Bibliography 15
Appendix II The Major Aquatic Plant Community of Upper 18
Pahranagat Lake
14
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APPENDIX I
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Krumholz, L. A., A. H. Emmons. Preparation of Fish Tissues for Gross
Beta Radioassay. The. JouAnal o& Wildlife. Management 17(4):456-460
October, 1953.
Stewart, R. K., W. M. Ingram, K. M. Mackenthun. WateA Pollution Con&iol,
Wcu>t& JfL2.atme.nt and WateA TneatomiLnt. Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration (1966).
Public Health Service. Glossary of Commonly Used Biological and
Related Terms in Water and Waste Water Control (July, 1963).
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission. Planning and Making
Industrial Waste Surveys (1952).
Public Health Service. Evaluation o& the. LMe oft Activated Canbont>
and Chemical Rege.neta.ftt6 in Treatment oft Watte. WateA A(«n"R-II (May, 1964).
National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 69. Moxonmn PeAmi&Aible. Body
8uA.de.n4 and Maximum PeAmibAible. Concen^tatconi o& Radio nudideA in MA
and in WateA £OA Occupational ExpotuAe. (June 5, 1959 and ADD. No.l,
August, 1963).
International Atomic Energy Agency. Unprocessed and Processed Radio-
isotope Preparations and Special Radiation Sources. International
Directory of Radioisotopes, Vienna, Vol. No. 1, p. 264 (1959).
Nielsen, J. M. Behavior of Radionuclides in the Columbia River. In:
Transport of Radionuclides in Fresh Water Systems. TID-7664. pp.91-112.
(1963).
Silker, W.B. Variations in Elemental Concentrations in the Columbia
River. Limnology and Oceanography 9(4):540-545 (1964).
Evaluation of Radiological Conditions in the Vicinity of Hanford for
1961. HW-71999. p. 247 (1962).
Evaluation of Radiological Conditions in the Vicinity of Hanford for
1962. HW-76526. p. 183 (1963).
Evaluation of Radiological Conditions in the Vicinity of Hanford for
1963. HW-80991. p. 192 (1964).
15
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Oregon State Board of Health, Division of Sanitation and Engineering:
Toombs, G. L., J. G. Bailey. Sutmasiy Ro.poAt &OA LoweA Columbia
En.vJJiovwwtaJt Radioiogtcat SuAve.y -in OnuQon, June. 5, 7967 - JuZy 37,
7963. (1963).
Re.povt&, LoweA Coimbm RtveA. En.viAome.wtat.
Radio-to g -in tke. Pactfcc Ocean Ofifi Oregon,
(March 1963, Ref. 63-3).
Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg. Radioactive Particle in Sediment from
the Columbia River. Science 144:536-537 (1964).
Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg. Fallout Radionuclides in Euphauslids.
Science 138:529-530 (1962).
Cutshall , N., C. Osterberg, V. Kulm, J. Byrne. Gamma emitters in
marine sediments near the mouth of the Columbia River. Science 139:
916-917 (1963).
Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg, L. Small, L. Hubbard. Radioactivity in
Large Plankton as a Function of Surface Area. Nature 197:883-884
(1963).
Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg, W. Pearcy, H. Curl, Jr. Radioactivity
and Its Relationship to Oceanic Food Chains. Journal Marine
Research 22(1): 2-12 (1964).
State of Washington, Department of Health:
Radiation SuAveAJUtance.. Interim Progress Report
(December 1963).
Mooney, R. R., P. W. Hildebrandt. EnviAome.n£al Radiation
Jin WaAki.ngton State.. Second Annual Report (1963).
University of Washington, Department of Oceanography:
Gross, M. G. Radioactivity of Marine Sediments Near the Columbia
River in 1962. (Abstract) Transactions American Geophysical
Union 44(1 ):68 (1963).
Gross, M. G. Radioactivity of Marine Sediments Near the Columbia
River. (Abstract) Transactions American Geophysical Union 44(1):
210 (1963).
16
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University of Washington, Laboratory of Radiation Biology:
Seymour, A. H. A Piogtuw to Study the. Radionu.cti.deA Jin
Bottom and Biological Sample^ ^fiam NeoA. the. Mouth, ofi the.
Columbia RlveA. p. 16. (1960).
Seymour, A. H. VlAtsilbutlon o£ RadlolbotopeA -in Marine.
Bottom Mat&iiatb and WateA WeoA the. Mouth o£ tka. Columbia R-tveA.,
Januaty to June. 1961. Progress Report p.22 (1961).
Seymour, A. H., G.-B. Lewis. The Distribution of Radionuclides in
Marine Organisms and Water Near the Mouth of the Columbia River,
1961-1963. (A summary) p. 28 (1964).
17
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APPENDIX II
The Major Aquatic Plant Community of
Upper Pahranagat Lake
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
tup&ia, CladopkoM. spp. 19
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
Potamog&ton pe.c£ina£uu> 20
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
two species of ScMipu.* 21
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
xC6 monte.vi.de.nAU 22
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
23
18
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DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Chora aspera i , Cladophora spp.
-------
ro
DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Potamogeton peotinatus
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INJ
DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF 2 SPECIES OF Scirpus
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PO
rvs
DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Eleooharis montewLdenses
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ro
co
DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Paspalwn distiohwn
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DISTRIBUTION
1 - 20 WERL, Las Vegas, Nevada
21 Robert E. Miller, Manager, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
22 Robert H. Thalgott, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
23 Thomas H. Blankenship, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
24 Henry G. Vermin ion, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
25 Donald W. Hendricks, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
26 Elwood M. Douthett, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
27 Jared J. Davis, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
28 Ernest D. Campbell, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
29 - 30 Technical Library, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
31 Chief, NOB/DNA, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
32 Joseph J. DiNunno, Office of Environmental Affairs, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
33 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
34 Roy D. Maxwell, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
35 Assistant General Manager, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
36 Gordon C. Facer, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
37 John S. Kelly, DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
38 Fred J. Clark, Jr., DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
39 John R. Totter, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
40 John S. Kirby-Smith, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
41 L. Joe Deal, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
42 Charles L. Osterberg, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
43 Rudolf J. Engelmann, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
44 Philip W. Allen, ARL/NOAA, Las Vegas, Nevada
45 Gilbert J. Ferber, ARL/NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland
46 Stanley M. Greenfield, Assistant Administrator for Research & Monitoring,
EPA, Washington, D.C.
47 Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation Programs,
EPA, Rockville, Maryland
48 Paul C. Tompkins, Act. Dir., Div. of Criteria & Standards, Office of
Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
49 - 50 Charles L. Weaver, Act. Dir., Div. of Surveillance & Inspection,
Office of Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
51 Ernest D. Harward, Act. Dir., Div. of Technology Assessment, Office of
Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
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Distribution (continued)
52 Acting Dir., Twinbrook Research Laboratory, EPA, Rockville, Md.
53 Gordon Everett, Dir., Office of Technical Analysis, EPA, Washington, D.C.
54 Bernd Kahn, Radiochemistry & Nuclear Engineer!nn, NERC, Cincinnati, 0.
55 Regional Admin., Region IX, EPA, San Francisco, California
56 Eastern Environmental Radiation Laboratory, EPA, Montgomery, Alabama
57 William C. King, LLL, Mercury, Nevada
58 Bernard W. Shore, LLL, Livermore, California
59 James E. Carothers, LLL, Livermore, California
60 Roger E. Batzel, LLL, Livermore, California
61 Howard A. Tewes, LLL, Livermore, California
62 Lawrence S. Germain, LLL, Livermore, California
63 Paul L. Phelps, LLL, Livermore, California
64 William E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
65 Harry J. Otway, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
66 George E. Tucker, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
67 Wright H. Langham, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
68 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
69 Arden E. Bicker, REECo., Mercury, Nevada
70 Clinton S. Maupin, REECo., Mercury, Nevada
71 Byron F. Murphey, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
72 Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
73 Richard S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
74 R. Glen Fuller, Battelle Memorial Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada
75 Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, Tennessee
76 Leo K. Bustad, University of California, Davis, California
77 Leonard A. Sagan, Palo Alto Medical Clinic, Palo Alto, California
78 Vincent Schultz, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
79 Arthur Wallace, University of California, Los Angeles, California
80 Wesley E. Niles, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
81 Robert C. Pendleton, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
82 William S. Twenhofel, U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado
83 Paul R. Fenske, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada,
Reno, Nevada
84 John M. Ward, President, Desert Research Institute, University of
Nevada, Reno, Nevada
85 - 86 DTIE, USAEC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (for public availability)
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