SWRHL-65r
PRELIMINARY RADIATION SURVEILLANCE OF AN AQUATIC SYSTEM
               NEAR THE NEVADA TEST SITE
                   June - July, 1967


                           by
       William L. Klein and Raymond A. Brechbill
             Radiological Research Program
       Western Environmental  Research Laboratory

            ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                Published February 1972
 This research was performed as a part of the Radiation
        Effects Program and was supported by the
             U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
                         under
       Memorandum of Understanding No. SF 54 373.

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   This report was prepared as an account of work soonsored
   by the United States Government. Neither the United States
   nor the United States Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of
   their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcon-
   tractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express
   or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
   for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any infor-
   mation, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or repre-
   sents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights.
Available from the National  Technical  Information Service,
              U.S. Department of Commerce,
                  Springfield, VA,  22151

         Price: paper copy $3.00; microfiche $.95.

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                                                       SWRHL-65r
PRELIMINARY RADIATION SURVEILLANCE OF AN AQUATIC SYSTEM
               NEAR THE NEVADA TEST SITE
                   June - July, 1967


                           by
       William L. Klein and Raymond A. Brechbill*
             Radiological Research Program
       Western Environmental  Research Laboratory

            ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                Published February 1972
 This research was performed as a part of the Radiation
        Effects Program and was supported by the
             U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
                         under
       Memorandum of Understanding No. SF 54 373.
 *Mr. Brechbill is presently with the U. S. Atomic Energy
  Commission, Nevada Operations Office, Las Vegas, Nevada.

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                                ABSTRACT

This report is the culmination of a threermonth preliminary radiation
surveillance study of an aquatic system in Upper Pahranagat Lake near
the Nevada Test Site.  The objectives of this study were to determine
the concentrations of fission products in; selected samples  and  to
establish the necessary methodology for radiation surveillance  in an
aquatic ecosystem.

Radionuclide concentrations were found to be insignificant  in water,
aquatic plant, and fish samples.  Sediment samples had detectable
levels of 137Cs, tt°K, 90Sr, and U.  Strontium-90 levels in  fishbone
were low (2.38 pCi/g bone ash) compared to those found in bovine
femur samples (6.9 pCi/g bone ash) collected during the same period.

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                           TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                               Page
ABSTRACT                                                         i
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES                                      iii
I.  INTRODUCTION                                                 !
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS                                        2
         Sampling Methodology                                    3
          1.   Sediment                                           3
          2.   Fish                                               6
          3.   Water                                              7
          4.   Aquatic Vegetation                                 7
III. RESULTS  AND DISCUSSION                                     10
IV.  SUMMARY                                                     12
REFERENCES         .                                             13
APPENDICES                                                      14
DISTRIBUTION

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                       LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Tables                                                         Page

  1.  Sample Collections                                        3
  2.  Average concentrations of selected  nuclides  in             9
      tissue.
  3.  Average concentrations of selected  nuclides  in             9
      sediment and bone.

Figures

  1.  Map of Nevada Test Site and Surrounding  Region.            4
  2.  Aerial Photograph of Pahranagat Lake and Sampling  Grid.    5
                                    m

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                            I.  INTRODUCTION

Biological samples from a freshwater lake near the Nevada Test Site(NTS)
were analyzed for the presence of selected radionuclides in order to
establish a base line for this particular system and to develop method-
ology necessary for any further definitive studies of this type.

Although the aquatic system has not been included in the radiation surveil-
lance of the Animal Investigation Program(AIP) studies to date, the pos-
sible introduction of radionuclides into man's food chain through fish
and waterfowl is acknowledged to be important1»2»3.  Tsivoglou, Harward,
and Ingram give an informative analysis of this subject1*.  Stream biota
constitute at least a partially selective sampling device by concentrating
certain radionuclides to high degrees and rejecting others5*6.  Aquatic
organisms from freshwaters concentrate many elements to many times the
level in the water that the organism inhabits.  By this process, organisms
growing in water containing levels of radioisotopes that would be well
below the RPG for drinking water can accumulate certain radionuclides  to
levels that could limit their use for human food7»8»9»10.

The following are the objectives by which this study was guided:
     1.  To determine the concentrations of fission products in samples
         of water sediment and aquatic vegetation obtained from one
         aquatic system near the NTS.
     2.  To establish methodology for any future studies of aquatic
         systems near the NTS.

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                       II.  MATERIALS AND METHODS

Since the climate of the region surrounding NTS does not lend itself
to the support of an extensive aquatic system, the vast majority of
the streams and lakes are seasonal and do not support significant
populations of fish and waterfowl.  However, there are several  important
bodies of water in this area from which edible fish and waterfowl  are
obtained by the general public.

The Upper Pahranagat Lake on U.S. 93, twenty miles south of Crystal
Springs, Nevada, was chosen as the sampling site (Figure 1).  This
site is approximately fifty miles from the center of the NTS on an
azimuth of 60 degrees.  The lake is approximately 400 acres in area
and is accessible throughout the year.  It supports a stable fish
population which was present prior to AEC testing on the NTS, as con-
firmed by Nevada Fish and Game Commission employees. The dominant
species of fish in Pahranagat Lake is carp, Cyp-^cnoi
The sources of water for Pahranagat Lake are Crystal  Springs,  one mile
west of U.S. 93 on Nevada 38, and Ash Springs, six miles south of
Crystal Springs.

In several of the past AEC tests which released radionuclides  into the
atmosphere, the fallout path was in a northeasterly direction, passing
over this lake.

Permission for use of Upper Pahranagat Lake as a sampling site was
obtained from the Refuge Manager of the National Pahranagat Waterfowl
Refuge.  Sampling locations are shown on the map (Figure 2).   The map
was prepared by overlaying a quarter-mile by one-eighth mile scaled
acetate grid on an aerial photograph.  The vertical axes were  given
numerical designations, and the horizontal  axes were given letter
designations.  The resulting seventeen sampling locations containing
portions of the lake were then referred to by their intersects,
e.g., E6.
                                    2

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Marking stakes were placed at quarter-mile intervals along the lake.
These stakes were used as reference points to locate each of the
sampling locations previously designated on the aerial  grid.   Sampling
buoys were prepared from plastic containers.   Clay bricks, with
mortar locks, were attached to a 50-pound test nylon cord and used as
buoy weights.

Table 1 lists the sampling dates and the type and quantity of samples
collected.

Table 1.  Sample Collections
Collection
Dates
Fish
Aquatic
Plants
Water
Sediment
June 10, 1967*
June 22, 23, 1967
July 11-13, 1967
July 21, 1967
41
           10
           52
68
*Collected by Dr. James Deacon, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

         Sampling Methodology.
          1.  Sediment
              Sediment samples were collected with a 9- by 9-inch
              Ekman dredge.  Four samples were taken at each
              sampling buoy, one within each of the four quadrants
              formed by the buoy transect lines.  Each quadrant
              sample was collected at no less than 25 and no more
              than 50 feet from the buoy.  Samples were taken
              in this manner because of the potential sediment
              variability often encountered in an aquatic system,
              due to geographical, geological, faunal, and hydro-
              logical characteristics.

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                                                                     GARDNER
                                                                       RN
                                                           DUCKWATER
                                                          CURRANT MAINT. STA
                                                                CURRANT
                 KIHKEBY
                 RANCH
                 *SHOSHONE
               GEYSER
                                               HrvrrncPk     LOCKES RN
                                               HOT CREEK

                                             MANHATTAN BLUE JAY,
                                                            TWIN SPGS. RN
 SHELL OIL SITE
  BLUE EAGLE RN.

    '   f
                                         STONE CABIN RN.
                                             CLARK'S STA
                                                                       OAVEN. U^ALDES RN
                                                                                                     W CASTLE

                                                                                                     ^_
                                                                                                  CEDAR CITY
                  PANACA
OYNESjHIKO	  y^ALIENTE
        CRYSTAL SPGS.
        ASH SPGS.
       ALAMO    * ELGIN
                                                               ANCOCKSM w
                                                                 | •GROOM
                                                                                PAHRANAGAT LAKE
                   INDEPENDENCE

                        LONE PINE
              WARM SPGS. RN.
                 LOGANDALE
LATHROP WELLS
 DANSBY~RN
        NJ
                                                                     INDIAN SPRINGS


                                                                         DESERT
                                                  VALLEY JCT


                                                   SHOSHONE
                                      RDGECREST


                                      RANDSBURG
10  20  30 40  50
            Figure  1.   Map of  Nevada  Test  Site  and  Surrounding  Region.

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Figure 2.  Aerial  photo of Pahranagat Lake with sampling grid.
                                   5

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    Sixty-eight sediment samples were collected,  four
    samples at each of the 17 sampling locations.   Each
    sample consisted of 500 ml  of sediment,  taken from
    a separate dredging.  Samples were placed in  500-ml
    polyethylene containers and labeled with the  location
    and date of collection.  Sample containers were then
    placed in polyethylene bags which were tied to prevent
    any sample loss.

    Upon arrival at the laboratory in Las Vegas,  the
    samples were recorded in a  logbook and sent for
    gamma spectral  analyses.
2.  Fish
    Four large specimens of carp,  Cyp/u>ut6  caAp
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    A total  of sixteen of the largest fish was  selected.
    These had a mean age of 3.6 years.   Seven different
    types of composite samples were taken:  roe,  muscle,
    eye, gill, scale, viscera, and bone.   Samples were
    placed in 500-ml polyethylene containers.  Formalin
    was added as a preservative.  The sample containers
    were placed in polyethylene bags and  kept in  a
    refrigerated truck until  arrival at WERL.

    The remaining carcasses were placed in polyethylene
    bags for preparation of bone for strontium-90
    analysis.

3.  Water
    Water samples were collected in the inlet stream and
    down the length of the lake.  A total  of eight samples
    was  collected in one-gallon polyethylene containers.
    Surface samples were taken, because the lake  is too
    shallow and has too much turnover to  allow  strati-
    fication.  In a deeper body of water,  where
    stratification might possibly occur,  it would be
    necessary to sample at various levels.  The water was
    not filtered.

    A 500-ml aliquot was taken from each  sample for gamma
    spectroscopy.

4.  Aquatic Vegetation
    Samples of each species of aquatic  plants within 50 feet
    of the sampling buoy were taken at  each of  the seventeen
    sampling locations.  Aquatic vegetation was collected on
    June 23 (10 samples), and July 21 (52  samples).

    Although there was a fair amount of growth  present at
    the time of the first collection, there was ten times

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as much growth on the  second  sampling run.  Seven
different species of aquatic  vegetation were col-
lected:  Pcu>pa£um dl(>£lc.hu)m,  Potamog&ton pe.c&,ncutu.t>,
Ele.oc.ka/tM> monte.vi.de.nAej>,  Chasta aAppJia, and
Ciadophotia spp., and two  species of ScxApui.  Pre-
sentation of the major aquatic plant community in
Upper Pahranagat Lake  is  given in Appendix II.

Samples were compressed into  500-ml  polyethylene
containers, labeled and analyzed for gamma-emitting
radionuclides.

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Table 2.  Average concentrations of selected  nuclides in wet tissue,
          pCi/g.
Sampl es
Viscera
Gill
Scale
Roe
Muscle
Eye
Composite
Samples.
7
2
2
1
6
1
40,
.0026
(7)*
.0013
(2)
ND
.0041
(1)
.0028
(6)
ND
106Ru
0.18
(1)
ND
0.18
(1)
ND
ND
ND
131j
.07
(1)
0.11
(2)
0.13
(1)
ND
.07
(3)
ND
137Cs
.06
(3)
ND
ND
ND
.06
(4)
ND
144Ce
0.33
(1)
ND
ND
ND
0.39
(2)
ND
134Cs
ND/
ND
0.11
(1)
ND
ND
ND
*( ) = Number of total  composite samples  in which the radionuclide was
       detected.

/ND  = Not detectable.
Table 3.  Average concentrations of selected  nuclides in sediment and bone,
_ pCi/g.
Samples       posUe    40K    106Ru     131I    137Cs    144Ce   134Cs   90Sr
           Samples
SoHimont     fifi       -0021      °'29     °'30     °'30     2'08    °'23   °'33^
Sednment     68       (59)*      (32)     (6] j     (6?)     (M)    (6?)


Bone          1                                                         2.38**

*( ) = Number of total  composite samples  in which the radionuclide was
       detected.

/    = pCi/g wet sediment

**   = pCi/g bone ash

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                     •III.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The average concentration of nuclides in the samples is  presented in
Tables 2 and 3.  Detectable levels of 137Cs, 40K,  and U were found in
the sediment samples.  This is to be expected since both 40K and U are
naturally occurring,  U being commonly found in sediments throughout
the Southwest.  Cesium-137 is an aged fission product,  a part of
worldwide fallout, which would be expected to be found  in samples
of this type.  The traces of 131I found in most samples could have
come from the Umber test which released radioactivity to the atmos-
phere at the Nevada Test Site June 29, 1967.  Strontium-90 levels in
the fishbone composite were low (2.38 pCi/g ash) as compared to those
of the bovine femur samples collected routinely by the  AIP (Table 3).
The mean value of 90Sr for five bovine femur samples collected in the
spring of 1968 was 6.9 pCi/g bone ash.

No significant levels of fission products were found in the plant,
water, or fish samples.  Difficulties in determining the validity'
of the data were encountered with all samples due to the low
levels of activity present.  The sample counting time of 20 minutes,
which was used, proved to be too brief.

In regard to sediment sampling, the Ekman dredge was not found to be
practical at all sampling locations.  At some stations, the bottom
vegetation was so profuse as to prevent the dredge from biting into
the sediment.  At stations near the perimeter of the lake, the bottom
sediment was very hard, due to annual drying as the lake decreased
in area through the summer months.  These factors  alone, or in combina-
tion, limited the use of the dredge.  The dredge functioned best at
the stations located centrally down the length of the lake.  At these
points, the increased depth and current flow contribute to a
decrease in bottom vegetation and sediment compactness.  Depending on
                                   10

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the time of the year, the dredge should be operable at most of the
sampling locations at Pahranagat Lake.   After the cold weather has de-
creased the amount of bottom growth and the cessation of irrigation
has permitted the replenishment of the  lake's water supply, the dredge
should operate at maximum efficiency.

Fortunately, one of the factors which  caused the abundance of bottom
growth, shallow depth, also permitted  sampling by direct collection.
The maximum depth of the lake at the time of collection was approximately
10 feet.  Once through the bottom growth, the sediment in the more central
locations was easily collected by merely diving down to the bottom with
a container in hand and manually scooping up the desired samples.   Col-
lection of samples at the peripheral locations was more tedious.   The
extreme hardness of the bottom sediment at these points necessitated
actual digging for sample material.

A methodological problem involved in direct collection of this type
is that of obtaining stratified samples.  The advantage of an Ekman
dredge is its ability to take a uniform sample several inches in depth.
At the locations where use of the dredge was not feasible, care was
taken to collect the upper several inches of sediment, rather than
"surface skimming."

All of the problems which were encountered during this preliminary study
would serve as useful guides in the organization and execution of a
long-range definitive study of systems  in the NTS region if such were
to be undertaken.  In addition, the insignificant levels of fission
products reported are of some value as  background data.
                                   11

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                              IV.  SUMMARY

Analysis of samples taken during this study indicated no significant
levels of fission products in biological samples collected in Upper
Pahranagat Lake.  Methodology was developed which enables the WERL
Animal Investigation Program to be in a state of readiness should
there be a need for surveillance of aquatic ecosystems in the NTS
region.
                                   12

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                                REFERENCES


 1.  Davis, J. J., R. F. Foster.  Bioaccumulation of Radioisotopes Through
     Aquatic Food Chains.  Ecology 39(7): 530-535 (1958).

 2.  Foster, R. W., D. McConnon.  Relationships Between the Concentration
     of Radionuclides in Columbia River Water and Fish.  In:  B i.n Watesi PoM.uti.on - Transactions of the 1962 Seminar,
     Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.  U. S.
     Public Health Service, Publ . No. 999-WP-25.  pp. 216-224. (1965).

 3.  Henderson, C., G. G. Robeck, R. C. Palange.  Effects of Low-Level
     Radioactivity in the Columbia River.  Public Health Reports 71(1):
     6-14 (1956).
 4.  Tsivoglou,  E. C., E. D. Harward, W. M. Ingram.  S&Le.cm SuA.ve.y&
     RatiU.oactJ.ve. Watte. Control.  The American Society of Mechanical
     Engineers,  29 West 39th Street, New York 18, N.Y., March 11-14. (1957).
 5.  Foster, R. F., J. J. Davis.  Accumulation ofa Radioactive.
     •in Aquatic, foxm*.  Proc. U. N. Conf. on Peaceful Uses of Atomic
     Energy, U. N. 280, Geneva. (1955).

 6.  Palange, R. C., G. G. Robeck, C. Henderson.  Radioactivity in Stream
     Pollution.  Ind. and Engr. Chem. 48:1847-1850.  (October, 1956).
 7.  National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 52.  Maximum
     Amount* o£ Radio ij>o to p&> i,n tnn Human Body and Maximum
     ConczntnationA i.n AiA and WateA.  U. S. Government Printing Office,
     Washington, D.C. (1953).

 8.  Robeck, G. G., C. Henderson, R. C. Palange.  Rtpovt ofi WateA Quality
     Studies on the. Columbia RiveA.  Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering
     Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.  U. S. Public Health Service (1954).

 9.  Setter, L. R., G. R. Hagee, C. P. Straub.  Analysis of Radioactivity
     in Surface Waters:   Practical Laboratory Methods.  American J.
     Public Health. (1956).

10.  Thomas, H. A.  Public Health Implications of Radioactive Fallout in
     Water Supplies.  American J. Public Health 46(10) :1266-1274.
     (October, 1956).
                                    13

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                               APPENDICES


Appendix I     Suggested Bibliography                            15
Appendix II    The Major Aquatic Plant Community of Upper        18
               Pahranagat Lake
                                   14

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                               APPENDIX I

                              BIBLIOGRAPHY


Krumholz, L. A., A. H. Emmons.  Preparation of Fish Tissues for Gross
Beta Radioassay.  The. JouAnal o& Wildlife. Management 17(4):456-460
October, 1953.

Stewart, R. K., W. M. Ingram, K. M. Mackenthun.  WateA Pollution Con&iol,
Wcu>t& JfL2.atme.nt and WateA TneatomiLnt.  Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration (1966).

Public Health Service.  Glossary of Commonly Used Biological and
Related Terms in Water and Waste Water Control (July, 1963).

Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission.  Planning and Making
Industrial Waste Surveys (1952).

Public Health Service.  Evaluation o& the. LMe oft Activated Canbont>
and Chemical Rege.neta.ftt6 in Treatment oft Watte. WateA A(«n"R-II (May, 1964).

National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 69.  Moxonmn PeAmi&Aible. Body
8uA.de.n4 and Maximum PeAmibAible. Concen^tatconi o& Radio nudideA in MA
and in WateA £OA Occupational ExpotuAe. (June 5, 1959 and ADD. No.l,
August, 1963).

International Atomic Energy Agency.  Unprocessed and Processed Radio-
isotope Preparations and Special Radiation Sources.  International
Directory of Radioisotopes, Vienna, Vol. No. 1, p. 264 (1959).

Nielsen, J. M.  Behavior of Radionuclides in the Columbia River.  In:
Transport of Radionuclides in Fresh Water Systems.  TID-7664. pp.91-112.
(1963).

Silker, W.B.  Variations in Elemental Concentrations in the Columbia
River.  Limnology and Oceanography 9(4):540-545 (1964).

Evaluation of Radiological Conditions in the Vicinity of Hanford for
1961.  HW-71999. p. 247 (1962).

Evaluation of Radiological Conditions in the Vicinity of Hanford for
1962.  HW-76526. p. 183 (1963).

Evaluation of Radiological Conditions in the Vicinity of Hanford for
1963.  HW-80991. p. 192 (1964).


                                   15

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Oregon State Board of Health, Division of Sanitation and Engineering:
     Toombs, G. L., J. G. Bailey.  Sutmasiy Ro.poAt &OA  LoweA Columbia
     En.vJJiovwwtaJt Radioiogtcat SuAve.y -in OnuQon, June. 5,  7967  - JuZy  37,
     7963.  (1963).
                        Re.povt&, LoweA Coimbm RtveA. En.viAome.wtat.
     Radio-to g -in tke. Pactfcc Ocean Ofifi Oregon,
     (March 1963, Ref. 63-3).

     Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg.  Radioactive Particle in Sediment from
     the Columbia River.  Science 144:536-537 (1964).

     Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg.  Fallout Radionuclides  in  Euphauslids.
     Science 138:529-530 (1962).

     Cutshall , N., C. Osterberg, V. Kulm, J. Byrne.  Gamma  emitters  in
     marine sediments near the mouth of the Columbia River.  Science 139:
     916-917 (1963).

     Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg, L. Small, L. Hubbard.   Radioactivity in
     Large Plankton as a Function of Surface Area.  Nature  197:883-884
     (1963).

     Cutshall, N., C. Osterberg, W. Pearcy, H. Curl, Jr.  Radioactivity
     and Its Relationship to Oceanic Food Chains.  Journal  Marine
     Research 22(1): 2-12 (1964).

State of Washington, Department of Health:
                   Radiation SuAveAJUtance..  Interim Progress Report
     (December 1963).

     Mooney, R. R., P. W. Hildebrandt.  EnviAome.n£al Radiation
               Jin WaAki.ngton State..  Second Annual Report  (1963).
University of Washington, Department of Oceanography:

     Gross, M. G.  Radioactivity of Marine Sediments Near the Columbia
     River in 1962.  (Abstract) Transactions American Geophysical
     Union 44(1 ):68 (1963).

     Gross, M. G.  Radioactivity of Marine Sediments Near the Columbia
     River.  (Abstract) Transactions American Geophysical Union 44(1):
     210 (1963).

                                   16

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University of  Washington,  Laboratory of Radiation Biology:

     Seymour,  A.  H.   A Piogtuw to Study the. Radionu.cti.deA Jin
     Bottom and  Biological Sample^ ^fiam NeoA. the. Mouth, ofi the.
     Columbia  RlveA.   p.  16.  (1960).

     Seymour,  A.  H.   VlAtsilbutlon o£ RadlolbotopeA -in Marine.
     Bottom Mat&iiatb and  WateA WeoA the. Mouth o£ tka. Columbia R-tveA.,
     Januaty to  June.  1961.   Progress Report p.22 (1961).

     Seymour,  A.  H.,  G.-B.  Lewis.  The Distribution of Radionuclides in
     Marine Organisms and  Water Near the Mouth of the Columbia River,
     1961-1963.  (A summary) p. 28 (1964).
                                    17

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                         APPENDIX II
             The Major Aquatic Plant Community of
                    Upper Pahranagat Lake
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
         tup&ia, CladopkoM. spp.                                 19
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
   Potamog&ton pe.c£ina£uu>                                        20
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
   two species of ScMipu.*                                        21
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
           xC6 monte.vi.de.nAU                                      22
Diagram showing the locations of predominant growth of
                                                                 23
                              18

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DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Chora aspera i , Cladophora spp.

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ro
     DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Potamogeton peotinatus

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INJ
     DIAGRAM  SHOWING  THE  LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF 2 SPECIES OF Scirpus

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PO
rvs
     DIAGRAM  SHOWING  THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Eleooharis montewLdenses

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ro
co
    DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LOCATIONS OF PREDOMINANT GROWTH OF Paspalwn distiohwn

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                                DISTRIBUTION
 1 - 20  WERL, Las Vegas, Nevada
     21  Robert E. Miller, Manager,  NVOO/AEC,  Las  Vegas,  Nevada
     22  Robert H. Thalgott, NVOO/AEC,  Las  Vegas,  Nevada
     23  Thomas H. Blankenship,  NVOO/AEC, Las  Vegas,  Nevada
     24  Henry G.  Vermin ion, NVOO/AEC,  Las Vegas, Nevada
     25  Donald W. Hendricks, NVOO/AEC,  Las Vegas, Nevada
     26  Elwood M. Douthett, NVOO/AEC,  Las  Vegas,  Nevada
     27  Jared J.  Davis, NVOO/AEC,  Las  Vegas,  Nevada
     28  Ernest D. Campbell, NVOO/AEC,  Las  Vegas,  Nevada
29 - 30  Technical Library, NVOO/AEC,  Las Vegas, Nevada
     31  Chief, NOB/DNA, NVOO/AEC,  Las  Vegas,  Nevada
     32  Joseph J. DiNunno, Office  of  Environmental Affairs, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
     33  Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC,  Washington,  D.C.
     34  Roy D. Maxwell, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
     35  Assistant General Manager,  DMA, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
     36  Gordon C. Facer, DMA, USAEC,  Washington,  D.C.
     37  John S. Kelly, DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
     38  Fred J. Clark, Jr., DPNE,  USAEC, Washington,  D.C.
     39  John R. Totter, DBM, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
     40  John S. Kirby-Smith, DBM,  USAEC, Washington,  D.C.
     41  L. Joe Deal, DBM, USAEC, Washington,  D.C.
     42  Charles L. Osterberg, DBM,  USAEC,  Washington, D.C.
     43  Rudolf J. Engelmann, DBM,  USAEC, Washington,  D.C.
     44  Philip W. Allen, ARL/NOAA,  Las  Vegas, Nevada
     45  Gilbert J. Ferber, ARL/NOAA,  Silver Spring,  Maryland
     46  Stanley M. Greenfield,  Assistant Administrator for Research & Monitoring,
         EPA, Washington, D.C.
     47  Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation Programs,
         EPA, Rockville, Maryland
     48  Paul C. Tompkins, Act.  Dir.,  Div.  of  Criteria &  Standards, Office of
         Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
49 - 50  Charles L. Weaver, Act. Dir.,  Div. of Surveillance &  Inspection,
         Office of Radiation Programs,  EPA, Rockville, Maryland
     51  Ernest D. Harward, Act. Dir.,  Div. of Technology Assessment, Office of
         Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland

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Distribution (continued)
        52  Acting Dir.,  Twinbrook Research  Laboratory,  EPA,  Rockville, Md.
        53  Gordon Everett,  Dir.,  Office of  Technical  Analysis,  EPA, Washington, D.C.
        54  Bernd Kahn,  Radiochemistry & Nuclear Engineer!nn, NERC,  Cincinnati, 0.
        55  Regional  Admin., Region IX,  EPA,  San Francisco, California
        56  Eastern Environmental  Radiation  Laboratory,  EPA,  Montgomery, Alabama
        57  William C.  King, LLL,  Mercury, Nevada
        58  Bernard W.  Shore, LLL, Livermore,  California
        59  James E.  Carothers,  LLL,  Livermore,  California
        60  Roger E.  Batzel, LLL,  Livermore,  California
        61  Howard A. Tewes, LLL,  Livermore,  California
        62  Lawrence S.  Germain, LLL,  Livermore, California
        63  Paul  L. Phelps,  LLL, Livermore,  California
        64  William E.  Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
        65  Harry J.  Otway,  LASL,  Los  Alamos,  New Mexico
        66  George E. Tucker, Sandia  Laboratories, Albuquerque,  New Mexico
        67  Wright H. Langham, LASL,  Los Alamos, New Mexico
        68  Harry S.  Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
        69  Arden E.  Bicker, REECo.,  Mercury,  Nevada
        70  Clinton S.  Maupin, REECo., Mercury,  Nevada
        71  Byron F.  Murphey, Sandia  Laboratories, Albuquerque,  New Mexico
        72  Melvin L. Merritt, Sandia  Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
        73  Richard S.  Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute,  Columbus, Ohio
        74  R.  Glen Fuller,  Battelle  Memorial  Institute, Las  Vegas, Nevada
        75  Steven V. Kaye,  Oak  Ridge  National Lab., Oak Ridge,  Tennessee
        76  Leo K. Bustad, University  of California, Davis, California
        77  Leonard A.  Sagan, Palo Alto  Medical  Clinic, Palo  Alto, California
        78  Vincent Schultz, Washington  State  University, Pullman, Washington
        79  Arthur Wallace,  University of California,  Los Angeles, California
        80  Wesley E. Niles, University  of Nevada, Las Vegas,  Nevada
        81  Robert C. Pendleton, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
        82  William S.  Twenhofel,  U. S.  Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado
        83  Paul  R. Fenske,  Desert Research  Institute, University of Nevada,
            Reno, Nevada
        84  John  M. Ward, President,  Desert Research Institute,  University of
            Nevada, Reno, Nevada
   85 -  86  DTIE, USAEC,  Oak Ridge, Tennessee  (for public availability)

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