SWRHL-78r
FINAL REPORT OF OFF-SITE SURVEILLANCE
FOR THE
NRX-A6 REACTOR TEST SERIES
Environmental Surveillance
Western Environmental Research Laboratory
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Published August 1971
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the Nevada Operations Office
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
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"This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United
Sates Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Atomic
Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their con-
tractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express
or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,
or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately-
owned rights. "
Available from the National Technical Information Service,
U. S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, VA. 22151
Price: paper copy $3.00; microfiche $.95.
010
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SWRHL-78r
FINAL REPORT OF OFF-SITE SURVEILLANCE
FOR THE
NRX-A6 REACTOR TEST SERIES
by
Environmental Surveillance
Western Environmental Research Laboratory*
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Published .August 1971
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the Nevada Operations Office
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
^Formerly part of U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Public Health Service, Environmental Health Service, Environmental
Control Administration, Bureau of Radiological Health
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ABSTRACT .
The NRX-A6 nuclear rocket test series consisted of three power
tests from November 21 to December 15, 1967 at the Nuclear
Rocket Development Station (NRDS), Jackass Flats, Nevada. Radio-
active effluent was released to the off-site area from only the full
power test, Experimental Plan TIT A (EP IIIA), on December 15.
Radioactive material was transported by prevailing winds along an
azimuth of approximately 235°. Aerial and ground monitoring fol-
lowing the run detected levels of radioactivity above background in
a sector from about 170°to 260° from Test Cell C, NRDS, to a
distance of 200 miles.
Residents within 25 miles of Test Cell C, between azimuths of
210° and 250°, were advised to remain undercover from the begin-
ning of the run to one hour after the run. Cooperation with this
request was confirmed by EPA monitors a.ssigned to these locations.
The maximum gamma exposure rate observed by a ground monitor
using a portable GM survey instrument was 1. 5 mR/h. above
background at Corder's Ranch in the Amargosa Farm Area near
Lathrop Wells, Nevada, at 1253 hours PST. The maximum esti-
mated infinite exposure, at the locations monitored, was 2. 0 mR,
8. 1 miles west of Lathrop Wells on Highway 95.
The maximum concentration of ^Ij in air was 4. 1 pCi/m3
(0.4 |j.Ci- sec/m3 integrated exposure) at Death Valley Junction,
California. This is the combined value of l^lj from both the particu-
late filter and charcoal cartridge. This amounts to less than 1 mrad
inhalation dose to a hypothetical two-gram thyroid.
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Iodine-131 was detected in milk from six sampling stations. The
maximum concentration found was 90 pCi/1 at Dansby's and Rooker's
Ranches near Lathrop Wells. The maximum estimated radioiodine
dose to a hypothetical two-gram thyroid was 8 mrad.
Particles, eroded from the reactor core, were found deposited on
the ground out to 40 miles from the reactor. The maximum depo-
sition density was 0. 2 particles/m2 .
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PREFACE
In accordance with Memorandum of Understanding, SF 54 373, the
Western Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL) provides an
off-site radiological safety program for the Atomic Energy Commis-
sion in support of nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site (NTS)
and at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station, which lies within
NTS. In this capacity, WERL is responsible for the following:
1. Documenting the radiological situation in off-site areas
through comprehensive environmental sampling and radiation
monitoring.
2. Assuring continuous protection of public health and safety
by determining potential and past exposures to radioactivity,
and implementing protective measures as directed by the Test
Manager, AEC.
3. Conducting a public contact and information program in the
off-site area to assure local residents that all reasonable safe-
guards are being employed to protect public health and property
from radiation hazards.
4. Collecting information regarding incidents which may be
attributed to radioactive releases to the off-site area.
Off-site areas are those outside the boundaries of NTS, the Tonopah
Test Range, and the Nellis Air Force Range, -which together are
identified in this report as the Test Range Complex.
The WERL also represents the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), and thereby maintains close working relationships with
1X1
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surrounding states and other components of EPA. When any off-site
radiological safety operation is conducted, all appropriate parties
are kept advised and all state and EPA surveillance networks are
alerted, as appropriate, to assist in documenting levels of
radioactivity.
Note; At the time this work was performed, the Laboratory was
named the Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory and was a
component of the Bureau of Radiological Health, Public Health
Service.
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT i
PREFACE iii
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
INTRODUCTION 1
PROCEDURES 3
Public Protection 3
Aerial and Ground Monitoring 3
Survey Instruments 4
Gamma-Rate Recorders 5
Dosimeters 5
Air Samples 8
Vegetation Samples 9
Milk Samples 9
Water Samples 9
Particle Study 10
RESULTS 11
Public Protection 11
Monitor Readings 11
Gamma-Rate Recorders ' 14
Dosimeters 15
Air Sampling 1 5
Milk and Milk Cow Feed 20
Water Samples 22
Natural Vegetation 23
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TABLE OF CONTENDS (continued)
Page
DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY 26
REFERENCES 28
APPENDICES 29
DISTRIBUTION
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. NRX-A6 Test Series - 1967 1
2. Estimated hypothetical thyroid dose from radioiodine 22
in milk from six stations showing the six highest
concentrations of 131I, NRX-A6 EP IIIA
3. Water samples with fresh fission products, NRX-A6 23
EP IIIA
Vll
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure ' Page
1. ASN air sampling stations and RM-11 locations, 6
NRX-A6 EP IIIA
2. Routine dosimetry stations, NRX-A6 EP IIIA 7
3. Location of notified residents and results of particle
surveys, NRX-A6, EP IIIA 12
4. Ground monitoring results, NRX-A6 EP IIIA, 12/15/67 13
5. Air sampling results, NRX-A6 EP IIIA, 12/15-12/16/67 16
6. Air sampling results, NRX-A6 EP IIIA', 12/16-12/17/67 17
7. Air sampling results, NRX-A6 EP IIIA, 12/17-12/18/67 18
8. Air sampling results, NRX-A6 EP IIIA, 12/18-12/19/67 19
9. Milk sampling results, NRX-A6 EP IIIA 21
10. Native vegetation sampling results, NRX-A6 EP TTTA 24
11. Hot line determination from natural vegetation sampling 25
Vlll
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INTRODUCTION
On December 15, 1967, the full power test (Experimental Plan IIIA)
of the NRX-A6 nuclear reactor was conducted at Test Cell C,
Nuclear Rocket Development Station, beginning at 1059 hours, PST.
For the purpose of measuring and documenting the effect that this
test would have on levels of radiation and radioactivity in the
environment outside the Test Range Complex, the Western Environ-
mental Research Laboratory (WERL) , Environmental Protection Agency,
performed off-site radiological monitoring. This report summa-
rizes the operational surveillance procedures used and presents the
data obtained, with the exception of results from the special study on
reactor-released particulates of high specific radioactivity and aerial
monitoring using USAF and EPA aircraft. These latter results are
reported separately * ' '.
The NRX-A6 reactor was the sixth NRX engine tested by the NERVA
Program (Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application) of Project
Rover, administered by SNSO (Space Nuclear Systems Office). The
engine was tested through three experimental plans (EP's) on the
dates and at the integrated power levels shown in Table 1 (3» » -*'.
Airborne radioactivity was released during EP IIIA only.
Table 1. NRX-A6 Test Series - 1967.
EP " Date Integrated Power
(Mw sec)
_ November 21 <~7
II December 6 21
III December 6, 7, 8 (Test Postponed)
TTTA December 15 4.4 x 106
1
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The purpose of EP TTTA -was to evaluate engine performance at full
power for 60 minutes. Radioactive gases and particulates were
released by the combination of high core temperatures, high hydrogen
coolant flow rates, and fuel element erosion and corrosion. The
engine was positioned so that the effluent was directed upward.
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PROCEDURES .
Public Protection
Prior to the full-power test, the reactor effluent trajectory was pre-
dicted by NOAA (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration) to
go to the southwest from Test Cell C. Since contact with radio-
active particles within the effluent was considered probable for
residents close to the test-site boundaries, preparations were made
to keep undercover all residents of the Amargosa Farm Area within
the predicted cloud path. Three EPA monitors were stationed in
Lathrop Wells (population of 28 adults, 11 children) and 31 monitors
were assigned to the 31 residences within the area bounded by
Highway 95, a 25-mile arc from Test Cell C, and a line through
Test Cell C and Lathrop Wells. All personnel were in two-way radio
contact with the control point, prepared to advise residents to stay
indoors.
Aerial and Ground Monitoring
Before the reactor test, mobile monitors were positioned within the
downwind trajectory at populated locations and on existing roads and
highways crossing the predicted cloud path to monitor radiation levels
and collect environmental samples. About half of the 31 monitors
were equipped with radiation survey instruments, gamma-rate
recorders, thermoluminescent dosimeters, portable air samplers,
and supplies for collecting environmental samples. The other
personnel were equipped with radiation survey instruments only.
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Following the release of radioactivity from the test, pertinent charac •
teristics of the effluent were determined by aerial monitoring. The
cloud tracking team in a USAF U-3A aircraft defined the boundaries
and hotline of the radioactive effluent. A EPA Turbo-Beech aircraft
was used to perform cloud sampling, cloud tracking, and other docu-
mentation. All tracking information from the aircraft was radioed
immediately to a control center where it was used in conjunction
with meteorological .and on-site monitoring information to assist in
placing ground monitors in the downwind area, as required.
Following cloud passage, the effect of the test on the environment
was determined from comprehensive monitoring and sampling.
Monitors obtained radiation readings and collected vegetation, milk,
cow feed, and water samples in off-site areas out to 141 miles from
Test Cell C. Additional milk samples were collected from Grade A
dairies as far as 272 miles from Test Cell C.
Survey Instruments
The aircraft and ground monitors were equipped with Geiger-Mueller
(GM), gamma scintillation, and ionization chamber survey instru-
ments. The GM instrument has a range of 0-200 mR/h on four
linear scales using an external GM tube with a sliding shield. A
range of 0-2000 mR/h is provided by an internal GM tube. The
gamma scintillation instrument has a range of 0-3 mR/h on four
linear scales. The ionization chamber survey instrument has a
range of 0.05 to 50,000 mR/h. on two logarithmic scales. These
instruments are calibrated with a 137Cs source and are accurate to
+ 20%. Exposure rate readings can be read to two significant
figures.
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Gamma-Rate Recorders
A network of 28 continuously operated gamma-rate recorders
(Eberline RM-11) was located around the Test Range Complex at the
locations shown in Figure 1. These instruments measure radiation
exposure rates over a range of 0. 01 to 100 mR/h with a GM detector
and record the levels on a 30-hour strip chart. The instrument is
accurate to + 20%, as calibrated with a 137Cs source.
Portable gamma-rate recorders carried by monitors use the same
0-2000 mR/h GM survey instrument mentioned in the section on
Survey Instruments, coupled to a battery-powered strip-chart recorder.
These recorders were used to supplement the routine network of
gamma-rate recorders and the radiation readings taken by monitors.
The enclosure for each recorder also contained two thermolumines-
cent dosimeters described in the following section.
Dosimeters
A routine dosimetry network of film badges and thermoluminescent
dosimeters (TLD's) is operated continuously. This network is shown
in Figure 2. At the time of NRX-A6, there were approximately
90 stations, each equipped with five film badges. Eighty-six of these
stations also were each equipped with three TLD's. In addition,
137 off-site residents were badged with one film packet each and all
monitors were issued one TLD for a personnel dosimeter. Two
TLD's were were placed in each portable gamma-rate recorder.
The dosimetry film used by the EPA network is a Dupont Type 545
single emulsion film packet with a useful range of about 30 mR to
3 R. Reading accuracy is + 50% from 30 to 100 mR and + 10% from
100 to 2000 mR for gamma radiation above 50 keV.
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p
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O)
ID
t-"
n
CO
P
3
T3
H-;
TO
CO
rh
a.
H'
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.~j V-- i. . \
-7^.
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,^OAVTLE MOuNTAfj »-
ft LOVELOCK
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• TLD + 5FB STATION
Q 5FB STATION
Figure 2. Routine dos'imetry stations, NRX-A6, EP IIIA.
7
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The TLD used in the network is the EG&G Model TL-12 dosimeter
with a useful range from about 1 mR to 5000 R. The overall reading
accuracy is + 10% for gamma radiation above 50 keV.
Air Samples
The routine network of about 100 permanent air samplers of the Air
Surveillance Network (Figure 1) is used for measuring concentrations
of airborne radioactivity on a daily basis. These stations, sampling
at about 10 cfm, collect airborne particulates on 4-inch-diameter
Whatman 541 filters. Twenty of the stations immediately surround-
ing the Test Range Complex operate routinely with a 4-inch-diameter
charcoal cartridge behind a particulate filter. By telephone request,
charcoal cartridges are placed in additional stations and the standby
stations are activated.
Portable air samplers carried by field monitors supplemented the
ASN stations to cover cloud passage. These samplers also used
4-inch-diameter filters and charcoal cartridges and operated at
about 1 2 cfm.
All particulate filters were counted for gross beta radioactivity on a
low-background, thin-window, proportional counter. Results were
reported in pCi/m3 and fjtCi- sec/m3 extrapolated to end of collection
time. Those particulate filters that contained reactor-related radio-
activity and all charcoal cartridges were analyzed by gamma spectrom-
etry with a 4- by 4-inch Nal crystal and multi-channel analyzer. The
concentrations of individual radionuclides were reported in pCi/m3
and uCi'sec/m extrapolated to end of collection. For gross beta and
radioiodine radioactivity the minimum detectable activity (MDA) was
0. 1 pCi/m3 for a ten-minute count.
8
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Vegetation Samples
Following cloud passage, samples of natural vegetation were col-
lected along highways and at populated locations to augment or
substantiate other evidence of the radioactive deposition pattern.
Samples were counted for gross gamma radioactivity and qualitatively
analyzed by gamma spectrometry to determine whether samples were
positive or negative for test-related radioactivity.
Samples of cow feed were collected at the milk sampling locations
listed in Appendix D and analyzed by gamma spectrometry. The con-
centrations of individual radionuclides identified in the samples were
reported in pCi/kg if greater than the MDA of 50 pCi/kg for a ten-
minute count.
Milk Samples
One-gallon milk samples were collected from family milk cows located
within the cloud path. Samples of 3. 5 liters were analyzed by gamma
spectrometry techniques. The lower limit of detection for 131I and
133I is about 10 pCi/1 for a 20-minute counting time. Samples con-
taining test-related radioactivity were.also analyzed by radiochemistry
techniques for 89Sr and 90Sr, which have MDA's of 5 pCi/1 and 2 pCi/1,
respectively.
Water Samples
One-gallon water samples were collected within the effluent trajectory
from stock tanks at locations where milk samples were collected and
from potable water sources. All samples were analyzed by gamma
spectrometry. Those samples containing test-related radioactivity
were also analyzed by radiochemistry methods for 89Sr and 90Sr. The
minimum detectable concentrations were the same as those for milk.
9
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Particle Study
A search was made to locate, collect, and analyze particles of high
radioactivity which were deposited on the ground downwind of the
Test Cell. The deposition density (number of particles per square
meter) was determined and selected particles were analyzed for
isotopic and gross beta radioactivity, size, density and chemical
composition.
10
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RESULTS
Public Protection
Shortly after the full-power test was started, residents found within
the area shown in Figure 3 were advised to stay indoors until one
hour after the end of the test. All the people cooperated and no com-
plaints were received. Results of post-test deposition surveys
(Z, pp. 6-10) confirm that the residents contacted were within the
affected area.
Monitor Readings
Figure 4 shows the locations of monitors during cloud passage, lists
their maximum gamma exposure-rate readings obtained with GM survey
instruments, and lists the integrated radiation exposure at each
location. These exposures were estimated by integrating the cloud
passage radiation readings with time, assuming that any radioactive
ground deposition decayed in accordance with t ' .
The hotline of 235° shown in Figure 4 was based upon the integrated
exposures estimated from the monitor readings. This hotline agrees
well with results from vegetation sampling and from aerial monitor-
ing ' ' ; however, it differs with the particle hotline of 219° found by
the particle study » '. This may be explained by the variation of
wind direction with altitude during cloud passage.
According to a post-test evaluation '°' of meteorological conditions
during and following EP ITT A, the trajectories of effluent released at
the beginning of the test at 10, 000, 8, OQO and 4, 600 feet mean sea
level (MSL) were southwest of Test Cell C along azimuths of about
255°, 237°, and 218°, respectively, with some curvature to the
11
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RESIDENTS IN THIS AREA •-•;•;•:•.
WERE ASKED TO REMAIN INSIDE
LATHROP WELLS
DEATH VALLEY JCT
Figure 3. Location of notified residents and results of particle surveys,
NRX-A6, EP IIIA.
12
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NO. 22 2 MILES
TO BEATTY 4 MILES
AMARGOSA
FARM AREA
ROAD
LATHROP WELLS
NOTE: WHERE MORE THAN ONE
MONITOR WAS AT THE
SAME LOCATION THE
HIGHEST READING IS
GIVEN.
•HOT LINE' BASED ON
TOTAL EXPOSURE
CALCULATIONS.
Figure 4. Ground monitoring results, NRX-A6, EP IIIA, 12/15/67.
13
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south. From aerial monitoring results * ' the altitude of maximum
radioactivity was found at 8, 500 feet MSL. Since the large particu-
lates in the reactor effluent would not be ejected as high as the
gaseous portion of effluent at 8, 500 feet, the trajectory of particles
would be at an azimuth less than 237°, closer to Lathrop Wells.
In addition to those readings shown in Figure 4, other readings
taken by mobile monitors from Lathrop Wells, Nevada to Shoshone,
California, and from Death Valley Junction, California through
Furnace Creek, California, showed a maximum of 0. 6 mR/h above
background 24 miles S.E. of Furnace Creek on Highway 190
(200°, 38 mi.). Readings slightly above background were found by
monitors in the Owens Valley along Highway 395. The maximum
recorded was 0. 1 mR/h. 5 miles S. of the Junction of Highways 395
and 14 (228°, 112 mi. ). Remonitoring of the Amargosa Farm Area
on 12/16 - 12/17 showed residual activity on two haystacks; one at
Dansby's Ranch and one at Herd's Ranch. Contact readings indicated
a maximum of about twice instrument background at both ranches.
A more detailed listing of ground monitoring results can be found in
Appendix B.
Gamma-Rate Recorders
Ten battery-powered gamma-rate recorders were placed at 2. 5-mile
intervals along Highway 95 west of Lathrop Wells. The GM survey
instruments connected to the recorders were set for 20 mR/h and
200 mR/h full scale based upon an expected exposure-rate along
Highway 95 of 70 mR/h. Since the maximum exposure rate
observed along High-way 95 was only 0. 8 mR/h, cloud passage was
not documented by the recorders. Thermoluminescent dosimeters
(TLD's) placed with the exposure-rate recorders measured no
exposure'above normal background.
14
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Two RM-'ll gamma-rate recorders showed radiation above back-
ground levels on December 15. The RM-11 at Lathrop Wells
showed a cloud arrival time of 1135 hours, a peak reading of
0. 3 mR/h. and an estimated integrated gamma exposure of less
than 0. 1 mR. No deposition was indicated by the RM-11 recorder.
The RM-11 at Death Valley Junction showed a cloud arrival time
•
of 1300 hours, a peak reading of 0. 2 mR/h the presence of
-1.92
deposition which decayed proportional to t , and an integrated
gamma exposure of 0. 5 mR.
Dosimeters
All ground monitors were issued film badges and TLD dosimeters.
None of these devices nor any of the TLD's in the routine dosimetry
network showed exposures above background.
Air Sampling
Fresh fission products from the reactor test and from reactor-pulse-
cooldown operations (conducted until December 18) were detected on
the filters of air samplers operated at the locations shown in
Figures 5, 6, 7, an'd 8. These samples were collected at various
times during the period December 15 through 19. All stations
•were part of the continuously operated Air Surveillance Network
except for five portable samplers located in the Amargosa Valley
southwest of Test Cell C, three portable samplers along Highway 95
between Lathrop Wells and Beatty, and five portable samplers along
Highway 395 south of its junction with Highway 14 near Ridgecrest,
California. The portable samplers operated only during cloud
passage of the reactor effluent from the full-power test except for
the one at Dansby's Ranch which was operated on December 16 and 17.
15
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• TEST CELL C
LATHROP WELLS
~LS INDIAN SPRINGS
INDEPENDENCE
LONE PINE
.HO)-' FURNACE CREEK
ASM MEADOWS
PAHRUMP
DEATH VALLEY
JCT.
LITTLE LAKE
• RIDGECREST
SAN LUIS
OBISPO
• Stations with fission products from
NRX-A6
D Stations with no detectable fresh
fission products
Stations with NRX-A6 fission
products, but sampler stopped
(see text)
Sampler inoperative
SAN BERNARDINO
RIVERSIDE
PACIFIC
OCEAN
50
i
SCALE IN MILES
ESCONDIDO
SAN DIEGO
FigureS. Air sampling results, NRX-A6, EP HIA, 12/15/67-12/16/67.
16
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«.' "^ I
iSCOTTY'S JCT. I i '
, , . TEST
! ! SITE
BEATTY
i. j »TEST CELL C
LATHKOP WELLS
INDIAN SPRINGS
FURNACE CREEK
ASH. MEADOWS
PAHRUMP
DEATH VALLEY
JCT.
'LITTLE LAKE
• RIDGECREST
Stations with fission products
from NRX-A6
PACIFIC
OCEAN
D Stations with no detectable fresh
fission products
O Sampler inoperative
Figure 6. Air sampling results, NRX-A6, EP JJIA, 12/16-12/17/67.
17
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SCOTTY'S JCT.
\ NEVADA
n) "V-^ \
• TEST CELL Cj
INDEPENDENCE
LONE PINE
LATHKOP WELLS
— , L_
INDIAN SPRINGS
FURNACE CREEK
ASH MEADOWS
PAHRUMP
DEATH VALLEY
JCT.
SAN BERNARDINO
RIVERSIDE
Stations with fission products
from NRX-A6
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Stations with no detectable
fresh fission products
Sampler inoperative
50
4
SCALE IN MILES
100 ESCONDIDO
X fc BRAWLEY
SAN DIEGO
\»
Figure 7. Air sampling results, NRX-A6, EP IIIA, 12/17-12/18/67.
18
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NEVADA
TEST
SITE
BEATTY
! ! • TEST.CELL C
LATHROP WELLS
SAN BERNARDINO
RIVERSIDE
Stations with fission products
from NRX-A6
PACIFIC
OCEAN
D Stations with no detectable
fresh fission products
O Sampler inoperative
Figures. Air sampling results, NRX-A6, EP IIIA, 12/18-12/19/67.
19
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Appendix C lists the concentrations of gross beta radioactivity and
of all identified radioisotopes in units of pCi/m3 and uCi' sec/m3.
From the time integrated concentrations (jjiCi'sec/m3) at each air
sampling location, the hypothetical radiation doses to an adult's and
child's thyroid were estimated by the method described in Appendix A.
The maximum inhalation dose was < 1 mrad to a hypothetical 2 gram
thyroid at the Hord and Nickel Ranches in the Amargosa Farm
Area.
Milk and Milk Cow Feed
One hundred and six milk samples were collected from 21 separate
locations shown in Figure 9. Of these, 21 samples from six locations
contained radioactivity from NRX-A6. The maximum concentration
was 90 pCi/1 of 131I and 400 pCi/1 of 133I found in a sample from
Dansby's Ranch near Lathrop Wells, Nevada. Table 2 shows the
maximum concentrations of 131I at each of the six locations where
fresh fission products were detected. Included in this table are the
estimated dose from radioiodines to a hypothetical child's thyroid
based upon the assumptions in Appendix A.
Appendix D shows the complete milk sampling results at all stations
where NRX-A6 activity -was detected along -with the results of milk
cow feed samples. Appendix E shows the remainder of the milk
sampling effort at stations where no fresh fission products were
detected.
20
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SCOTTY'S JCT.
\ NEVADA
\ TEST
"' " SITE
BEATTY
:, ! »TEST CELL c
LATHROP WELLS
INDEPENDENCE
LONE PINE
INDIAN SPRINGS
r\mlf \S~*4&r FURNACE CREEK
OLANCHA
ASH MEADOWS
PAHRUMP
DEATH VALLEY
JCT.
LITTLE LAKE
RIDGECREST
SAN LUIS
OBISPO
n
SAN BERNARDINO
RIVERSIDE
Sampling locations where fresh
fission products were found
in milk
O Sampling locations where no
fresh fission products were
found in milk
PACIFIC
OCEAN
100 ESCONDIDOfl
-1 X 4 BRAWLEY
SAN DIEGO
SCALE IN MILES
Figure 9. Milk sampling results, NRX-A6, EP IIIA.
21
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Table 2. Estimated hypothetical thyroid dose from radioiodine in
milk* from six stations showing the six highest concentra-
tions of 131I, NRX-A6 EP IIIA.
Name and Location
of Dairy or Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Dansby's Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Hord Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Tom Nickell Ranch
Bar stow, California
Bill Nelson Dairy
Olancha, California
Hayhurst Ranch
Date
Milked
12/16
12/18
12/18
12/17
12/17
12/18
Peak Radionuclide Cone.
(pCi/1)
131i 133i 89Sr 90Sr
90 400 < 5 2
90 70 < 5 3
80 50 < 5 < 2
40 80 < 5 < 2
20 50 < 5 2
20 ND < 5 3
Maximum
Thyroid
Dose (mrad)
8
8
3
2
1
< i
''These estimates are based upon a hypothetical ingestion of 1 liter of
milk per day and a thyroid weight of 2 grams with an uptake of 30% of
the available iodine in the milk.
Water Samples
Seventy-nine water samples from open and closed water supplies were
collected in the Amargosa Farm Area, the area around Death Valley
Junction, Furnace Creek, and the Owens Valley as far south as
Barstow, California. Three samples from open sources contained
NRX-A6 activity. The results of these three samples are shown in
Table 3. Gross beta activity does not include the radioiodines as
these are lost in sample preparation for gross beta counting. No
samples of water used for human consumption showed detectable
amounts of fresh fission products.
22
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Table 3. Water samples with fresh fission products, NRX-A6 EP IIIA. _
Gross Radionuclide Concentration
Location
Date Source
Beta
132
(pCi/1
Te
Lathrop Wells,
Nickell Ranch
Lathrop Wells,
Rooker Ranch
Nevada
Nevada
Bar stow, California
. , Stock
Tank
12/16 Stock
Tank
12/16 Rain
Pool
100
28
200
ND
ND
880
ND
ND
180
200
210
2500
< 5
< 5
< 2
< 2
No
Chemistry
ND - Not Detected
Natural Vegetation
Figure 10 shows all locations where samples of native vegetation
were collected and whether or not the samples contained radioactivity
attributable to the NRX-A6 operation. Figure 11 shows the results
of close-in sampling (out to approximately 50 miles) in relative
numbers. As can be seen from this figure, the movement of the
released activity was to the southwest moving more southerly with
the passage of time.
23
-------
TSCOTTY'S JCT.
\ NEVADA
B1 "^ TEST
i SITE
BEATTY
! ! • TEST CELL C
LATHROP WELLS
INDEPENDENCE
LONE PINE
' ~J INDIAN SPRINGS
FURNACE CREEK
DEATH VALLEY
JCT.
LITTLE LAKE
RIDGECREST
SAN LUIS
OBISPO
SAN BERNARDINO
RIVERSIDE
NEWHALL^. LOS ANGELES
Vegetation samples containing
radioactivity from NRX-A6
PACIFIC
OCEAN
D Vegetation samples with no
a
radioactivity attributable to
SCALE IN MILES
Figure 10. Native vegetation sampling results, NRX-A6, EP TTTA
24
-------
Test Cell C
Lathrop Wells
Furnace.Creek
Death Valley Jet.
18 8.5
NOTE: ALL NUMBERS ARE RELATIVE VALUES AND
ARE NOT STANDARD UNITS OF RADIOACTIVE
CONCENTRATIONS. THE VALUES NOTED ON
HIGHWAY 95 ARE BASED UPON TOTAL
ISOTOPIC CONCENTRATIONS(pCi/kg) WHILE
THE OTHER NUMBERS ARE BASED ON GROSS
GAMMA COUNTS(cpm/kg).
5 10
' h
SCALE IN MILES
Figure 11. Hot line determination from natural vegetation sampling.
25
-------
DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
9
The NRX-A6 EP IIIA reactor released airborne radioactivity during
its full-power operation and during pulse-cooling after the test.
Unstable weather conditions caused the material to be spread over
a rather large area from almost due west to due south from
Test Cell C.
Just prior to reactor operation, 31 EPA monitors moved into the
Amargosa Farm area'for the purpose of asking people in the area
to remain undercover. The area covered is shown in Figure 3.
Monitors remained at, or near, the residences until they were
instructed by Net Control to inform the people to resume normal
activities. All the people cooperated well and no adverse comments
were reported. The purpose of this protective action was to
minimize possible exposure to particulates of high activity released
from the reactor fuel elements. The physical properties of these
particles are the subject of a separate report
The maximum measured integrated whole body gamma exposure to
a populated location was 1. 8 mR at the McCarthy/Catlett Ranch.
Since the residents were undercover during cloud passage, the actual
exposure -would have been less. This exposure was about one percent
of the radiation protection standards for a suitable sample of the off-
site population (i.e. 170 mrem/year).
The maximum inhalation exposure to a hypothetical 2-gram thyroid
from airborne radioiodines was less than 1 mrad as measured by
portable air samplers in the same general area as the maximum
gamma exposure.
26
-------
Milk from all known lactating milk cows in the Amargosa Farm Area
was sampled. Analytical results from these samples are given in
Appendix D.
The maximum postulated thyroid dose from inhalation and ingestion of
radioiodines was about 8 mrad for a one-year-old child. This model
represents a critical receptor with a 2-gram thyroid and one liter
of milk consumption per 24 hour period and does not indicate a
dose to any one individual. The maximum dose of radiation in milk
from which these figures were postulated occurred at Dansby's Ranch.
This postulated exposure is approximately two percent of the presently
accepted guides of 500 mrad thyroid dose per year.
27
-------
REFERENCES
1. Environmental Surveillance, Southwestern Radiological Health
Laboratory, Public Health Service, National Center for Radio-.
logical Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Particulate Effluent Study, NRX-A6 EP IIIA - December 15, 1967.
SWRHL-57r (October 1968).
2. Environmental Surveillance, Southwestern Radiological Health
Laboratory, Public Health Service, National Center for Radio-
logical Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
NRX-A6 EP IIIA Aerial Monitoring and Sampling -
December 15, 1967. (July 25, 1969).
3. NERVA Test Operations, Jackass Flats, Nevada, EP I Test
Report NRX-A6 Test Series Initial Criticality, Flow Tests,
Drum Worth Measurements, NTO-R-0130 -November 21, 1967.
4. NERVA Test Operations, Jackass Flats, Nevada, Test Report
EP II and III, NRX-A6 Test Series, System Interaction Checkout,
Full Power Run Aborts, NTO-R-0132 - December 6, 7, and 8, 1967.
5. NERVA Test Operations, Jackass Flats, Nevada, EP IIIA Test
Report, NRX-A6 Test Series, Full Power Duration Test,
NTO-R-0133 - December 15, 1967.
6. U. S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Services
Administration, Air Resources Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada,
Synopsis of the Meteorological Conditions Associated with
NRX-A6 EP in - January 1968.
28
-------
APPENDICES
APPENDIX Page
A. Methods of Calculating Thyroid Dose. 30
B. Summary of Radiation Survey Instrument Readings, 34
NRX-A6 EP IDA - 1Z/15, 16, 17/67.
C. Air Results, NRX-A6 EP ELLA. 40
D. Milk Sampling Results with Associated Milk Cow Feed 41
Results in Parenthesis, NRX-A6 EP IDA.
E. Milk Sampling Stations Where no Fresh Fission Products 45
were Detected, NRX-A6 EP IIIA.
29
-------
APPENDIX A
METHODS OF CALCULATING THYROID DOSE
The dose rate to the thyroid may be described by the equation
dD/dt = K E A exp - (X-efft) where:
dD/dt = dose rate per unit time
K = dimensional constant
E = effective energy of beta and gamma radiation,
MeV per disintegration
A = concentration of radioiodine in thyroid,
= effective decay constant, time " 1
t = time after deposition in thyroid
This assumes that the radioiodine is uniformly distributed throughout
the thyroid and that the size of the thyroid is large compared to the
range of the beta particles.
The total dose is estimated by integrating the above equation from
time zero to infinity assuming D = O at time zero.
D = KEA/* exp -(^efft) dt
D = (-lAe£f) KEA exp -(Xefft) |"
D = O + KEA/K
eli
Dose from Inhalation of Radioiodine s
The actual values for the parameters in the dose equation for I
are as follows:
K = 1 rad x erg x 3. 7xl04 dis x 8. 64xl04 sec
. 100 erg/g 6. 24xl05 MeV fxCi'sec day
30
-------
K = 51.2 rad'gm'dis
MeV (JiCi'day
E = 0.23 MeV
A = XBf, where:
m
X s time-integrated concentration of radioactivity,
uCi* sec/m3
B = breathing rate of standard man, averaged over
24 hours, 2. 32 x 10 l4m3/sec
f s fraction of inhaled radioiodine reaching the
thyroid, 0. 23
m = thyroid weight of standard man, 20 g
A = (2, 32 x 10"4m3/sec)(0.23)X
20 g
\eff = 0. 69 3/ (effective half -life for 131I)
Xeff = (0.693)/7.6 days
Substituting these parameters, the dose equation becomes:
D = (51.2) (0.23) (2.32 x IP"4) (0.23) (7.6)X
(20) (0.693)
D(rads) = (3.45xlO"4 rads- m3) X ( fiCi- sec)
((jtCi-sec ) ( m3 )
or, D(mrad) = (0. 35 mrad'm3)X (ixCi'sec)
(jaCi-sec ) ( m3 )
31
-------
For the dose to a child's thyroid the above equation must be multi-
plied by a factor of 3 to account for differences in thyroid weight and
breathing rates (m3/day) between an adult and a child
(3 = 20 g/2 g x:6 m3/20 m3).
For other radioiodines the dose equation changes according to
differences in effective half -life and effective decay energies. The
dose equations for I and I are as follows:
133I, D(mrad) = (0.093 mrad-m3)X
i' sec )
135I, D(mrad) = (0.029 mrad'm3)x
«sec
In addition to differences in effective half -life and effective beta
179
particle energies, the dose equation for 10£ll is affected by the rapid
decay of j ^n ^e kiOO(j stream before it gets to the thyroid and by
the decay rate of Te, the precursor of I. With these effects
incorporated the dose equation for 132 j becomes
D(mrad) = (5. 1 x 10"2 mrad' m3 /(iCi* sec)X
where X is the time -integrated concentration of Te.
Dose from Ingestion of Radioiodines
For ingestion, parameter A, the total concentration of radioiodine to
which the thyroid is exposed is defined by'A= CVf where,
m
C = the time -integrated concentration of radioiodine in
milk, pCi'day/1
32
-------
V = the rate at which milk is consumed by a child one
year old or less, 1 liter/day
£ = fraction of ingested radioiodine reaching the thyroid,
0.3
m = thyroid weight of a child one year old or less, 2 g
With the values for V, f, and m substituted,
A = (1 liter/day) (0. 3) C, or
. 2g
A = 0. 15 liter C
day • g
131
For I the dose equation D = KEA/X. „ becomes applicable to milk
ingestion with the above expression for A substituted.
D (mrad) =(5. 12 x 10"2 mrad'g • dis) (0. 23 MeV) (0. 15 1) (7. 6 day) C
(MeV-pCi-day) dis (day g) (0.693 )
or, D = (1.9 x IP"2 mrad'l) C
(pCi'day)
For other radioiodines, the above dose equation changes according to
differences in effective half-life and effective decay energies to become;
D= (5.2 x 10~3) C for 133I and
D = (1.6 x lO"3) C for U5I.
33
-------
APPENDIX B
Table IB. Summary of radiation survey instrument readings, NRX-A6 EP IIIA - 12/15/67.
Azimuth GM Survey Meter
and Distance Time Period Cloud Readings: Max.
From Test Cell C Monitored Arrival Net Gamma
Peg. Mi Hours Time (mR/h) (Time)
Location Description
Gamma Exposure
(mR)
Lathrop Wells, 208 14.5 0830-1210 1138
Nevada
Lathrop Wells, 208 14.5
Nevada
Lathrop Wells, 208 14.5
Nevada
Lathrop Wells to --- 1238-1530
Shoshone, California
Highway 127
Goldspar Mine, 270 22.5 1100-1409 1145
Nevada
Lathrop Wells, 208 14.5 1100-1305 1138
Nevada
2. 1 to 3 mi W --- 1225-1330
Lathrop Wells,
Highway 95
4. 1 mi W Lathrop 223 16.0 1130-1440 1140
Wells, Highway 95
8. 1 mi W Lathrop 235 18.0 1200-1555 1210
Wells, Highway 95
15 mi W Lathrop 253 21.0 1115-1600
Wells, Highway 95
0.5 1145
1100-1337 1130-1140 0.5 1145
1100-1215 1130-1140 0.5 1150
0.4* 1338
0.04 1210
0.5
0.61
0.6
0.8
BKG
1138
1227
1240
1234
0.2
2.0
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Table IB. Summary of radiation survey instrument readings, NRX-A6 EP IIIA - 12/15/67 (continued)
Location Description
Azimuth
and Distance
From Test Cell C
Peg. Mi
Time Period
Monitored
Hours
GM Survey Meter
Cloud Readings: Max.
Arrival Net Gamma
Time (mR/h.) (Time)
Gamma Exposure
(mR)
16. 5 mi W Lathrop
Wells, Highway 95
to Lathrop Wells
Lathrop Wells to
Death Valley Jet.
California, Highway 29
25. 1 mi W Lathrop
Wells to Lathrop Wells
1. 6 mi W Lathrop
Wells to 25. 1 mi W
Lathrop Wells
Jet. 58 & 190 to Death
Valley Jet., California
Highway 150
12 mi S Red Mountain,
California, Highway 395
to 20 mi N Jet. 395/14
Glen Henderson Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
James Price Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Dansby Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
215
215
221
21.0
21.0
23. 5
1150-1252
1406-1441
1140-1330
1430-1510
1130-1607
1435-1735
1130-1450
1100-1437
1110-1510
1148
1145
1240
0.8C
O.I1
0.7d
O.le
0.6f
1234
1438
1301
1438
1555
0.18 1540-1615
0. 3
0.3
1. 1
1251
1249
1253
0. 11
0. 19
0.71
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Table IB. Summary of radiation survey instrument readings, NRX-A6 EP IIIA - 12/15/67 (continued)
Azimuth
_, . and Distance
Location Description
From Test Cell C
Deg. Mi
Selbach/ Strickland
Ranch, Lathrop Wells,
Nevada .
McCarthy -Catlett Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Hord Ranch, Lathrop
Wells, Nevada
Smith Ranch, Lathrop
Wells, Nevada
Rich (Davis) Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Hopkins Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Salvatore Residence
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Nickell Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Corder Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Oswald Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Allison Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
222
233
223
210
214
211
215
222
223
223
222
24.0
21.0
23.5
26.5
23.5
20. 5
21.0
23.5
23.5
24. 0
24. 0
Time Period
Monitored
Hours
1055-
. 1 1 28 -
1125-
1134-
1135-
0900-
1145-
1100-
1115-
1 1 SO-
ll 30-
1240
1505
1600
1452
1350
1415
1415
1545
1420
1510
1515
Cloud
Arrival
Time
1240
1230
1240
1200
1200
1150
1145
1230
1240
1235
1230
GM Survey Meter
Readings: Max.
Net Gamma
(mR/h) (Time)
1.0
0.6
0.9
0. 3
0.9
0. 1
0. 3
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1257
1256
1252
1315
1255
1223
1250
1251
1251
1252
1252
Gamma Exposure
(mR)
1.3
1.8
0.82
0.42
0.32
< 0. 10
0. 10
0.59
1. 1
0.95
0.64
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Table IB. Summary of radiation survey instrument readings, NRX-A6 EP IIIA - 12/15/67 (continued)
Azimuth
T ,.. . .. and Distance
Location Description _ _ _ , , _
r From Test Cell C
Deg. Mi
Nicholl Residence
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Amargosa Substation
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Schultz Farm
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Garey Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Fowler Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Amargosa Mobile Trailer
Court, Lathrop Wells,
Nevada
Bryant Residence
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Beatty, Nevada
Selback Residence
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
220
213
227
211
205
215
214
227
282
212
23.
24.
23.
20.
25.
23.
22.
'23.
27.
20.
0
0
5
5
5
5
0
5
5
0
Time Period Cloud
Monitored Arrival
Hours Time
1000
1100
1115
1100
-1500 1240
-1445 1215
-1500 1230
-1520 1143
0930-1500 1205
1030
0920
1134
1120
1105
-1520 1240
-1506 1155
-1430 1230
.1310
-1510 1145
GM Survey Meter
Readings: Max. _ _
_° Gamma Exposure
Net Gamma
(mR/h) (Time) (mR)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.8 1251
.5 1257
.8 1254-1258
.2 1221
. 2 1 307.
.5 1255-1300
.6 1250
.6 1254
Bkg
0
.2 1225
0.76
0.82
1. 1
< 0. 10
-i,
*»*
0.80
0.55
1.6
0
0. 18
aReading at Death Valley Junction
bReading at 3 mi W Lathrop Wells
cReading at 3. 9 mi W Lathrop Wells
dReading at 7. 9 mi W Lathrop Wells
eReading at 4. 1 mi W Lathrop Wells
•"•Reading at 24 mi SE Furnace Creek on Highway 190
^Reading at 5 mi S Junction 395/14
. Readings not taken frequently or long enough to determine exposure
1 Reading at 1 mi N Death Valley Junction
'"'Readings not taken long enough to adequately determine integrated
exposure
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Table 2B. Summary of radiation survey instrument readings, NRX-A6 EP IIIA -
12/16-17/67.
Location Description
Azimuth
and Distance
From Test Cell C
Deg. Mi
GM Survey Meter
Time Period Cloud Readings; Max.
Monitored Arrival Net Gamma
Hours Time (mR/h) (Time
Dans by Ranch 221
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Dansby Ranch (Hay 221
Stack) Lathrop Wells
Dansby Ranch 221
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Dansby Ranch (Hay 221
Stack) Lathrop Wells
Nickell Ranch to 3 mi 222
N of Ranch, Lathrop
Wells, Nevada
Jet. Amargosa Rd/
Hwy 29 to 10 mi W
then 10 mi N to Hwy
95, Lathrop Wells
Death Valley Jet. ,
California to Shoshone,
California on Hwy 127
Ash Meadows, California
to Death Valley Jet. , then
25 mi W of Furnace Creek
Inn
Hord Ranch (Hay 223
Stack) Lathrop Wells
Hord Ranch (Hay 223
Stack) Lathrop Wells
15 mi W Jet. Hwy 95/
29 to 8 mi E, Lathrop
Wells, Nevada
23.5 16/1000
23.5 16/1000
23.5 17/1310
23.5 17/1316
23.5 16/1000
16/1015-
16/1250
16/1050-
16/1210
16/1100
23.5 16/1052-
16/1055
23.5 17/1355
16/0910-
16/1155
Bkg
0.03*
Bkg
Bkg
Bkg
Bkg
Bkg
Bkg
0.04*
Bkg
Bkg
38
-------
APPENDIX B (continued)
Table 2B. Summary of radiation survey instrument readings, NRX-A6 EP TTTA _
12/16-17/67 (continued)
Azimuth GM Survey Meter
_ . . and Distance Time Period Cloud Readings: Max.
Location Description . °
From Test Cell C Monitored Arrival Net Gamma
Peg. Mi Hours Time (mR/h) (Time)
Rooker Ranch (Hay 215 23.5 17/1200 Bkg
Stack) Lathrop Wells
Rooker Ranch 215 23.5 17/1405 Bkg
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
^Reading on contact with haystack.
39
-------
Air results, NRX-A6 EP-IIIA
APPENDIX C
Period
Date It Time Run Gross B
On Time
Location Off Hrs (') Type' pCi/m' uCi-see/m'
Wells. Nevada
222° 23 miles
Nlckell Ranch, Amar-
goaa Farm Area,
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
222° 23 miles
Price Ranch, AmargoBa
Farm Area, Lathrop
Weils, Nevada
219° 19 miles
Lathrop WellB,
Nevada
207° 14 miles
Lathrop WellB,
Nevada
207° 14 miles
Lathrop Wells,
Nevada
207° 14 miles
Dansby's Ranch, Amar-
gosa Farm Area.
Lathrop WellB, Nevada
219° 22 miles
DanBby'B Ranch, Amar-
goBa Farm Area,
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
219° 22 miles
Rooker Ranch,
Amargosa Farm Area,
215° 22 miles
7. 5 ml W Lathrop Wells,
Nevada, Highway 95
233° 17 miles
Death Valley Jet. .
California
191° 38 miles
Death Valley Jet. ,
California
191° 38 miles
Death Valley Jet. ,
California M
191° 38 miles
Junction Hwys 395 li 14
near Inyo/Kern,
California
229° 1 20 miles
Furnace Creek,
California
233° 38 miles
Furnace Creek,
California
233° 38 miles
Furnace Creek,
California
233° 38 miles
Sho shone,
California
178° 58 miles
Ridgecrest,
California
223° 125 miles
Ridgecrest,
California
223° 125 miles
Barstow,
California
198° 139 miles
Baratow,
California
198° 139 miles
Barstow,
California
198° 139 miles
Barstow,
California
198° 139 miles
Las Vegas. Nevada
125° 78 miles
San Bernardino,
California
197° 202 miles
San Bernardino,
California
197° 202 miles
Fresno, California
269° 192 miles
Sllverlake, California
(41
174° 110 miles
Silverlake, California
174° 110 miles
12/15-1610 4.9
12/15-1115
12/15-1600 4.8
12/15-1225
12/15-1445 2.5
12/15-0900
12/15-1700
12/16-0650 13.5
12/16-0655
12/17-0720 24.6
12/15-1115
12/15-1550 3.4
12/16-1420
12/17-1326 23. 1
(2)
12/15-1107
12/15-1525 1.9
,12/15-1155
12/15-1620 4.5
12/15-0630
12/16-0730 25
12/16-0730
12/17-0730 24
12/18-0630
12/19-0630 24
12/15-1615
12/16-1435 22.3
12/15-1430
12/16-1210 22
12/16-1230
12/17-122523.9
12/17-1225
12/18-1140 23.2
12/15-1548
12/16-1145 20.4
12/15-1525
12/16-1232 21. 1
12/16-1235
12/17-1428 25.9
12/15-1435
12/16-0700 16.4
12/16-0700
12/17-0745 24.6
12/17-0745
12/18-0700 23.3
12/18-0700
12/19-0700 23.9
12/15-0945
12/18-1435 76.8
12/15-1515
12/16-1525 24.4
12/16-1526
12/17-1505 23.6
12/16-1145
12/17-112023.6
12/15-1400
12/16-1400 24.0
12/17-1400
12/18-1400 24.0
PF 460
CC
PF 300
CC
PF 530
CC
PF 110
PF 0. 04
CC
PF 0.3
CC
PF 240
CC
PF 0.2
CC
PF 260
CC
PF 57
CC
PF 8.3
CC
PF 0.5
CC
PF < 0. 1
CC
PF 2.6
CC
PF 1.8
CC
PF 0.2
CC
PF < 0. 1
CC
PF 1.6
CC
PF 1.2
CC
PF < 0. 1
CC
PF 0.4
CC
PF 0.6
CC
PF 0.2
CC
PF < 0. I
CC
PF < 0. 1
CC
PF 0.2
CC
PF 0.2
CC
PF 0. 1
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
8. 1
5.2
--
4.8
--
3.2
0.002
-.
0.03
-.
2.9
0.02
--
1.8
0.92
-.
0.75
--
0.04
--
ND
..
0.21
0. 14
..
0.02
._
..
..
0.12
Radionuclide Concentration
pCI/m' uCi-Bec/m1 pCi/m' uCi-sec/m' oCi/m' uCi-Bec/m1
ND
7.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.2
ND
1.9
2.2
ND
0.6
ND
0.5
0.8
1.3
0.7
1. 5
ND
0.4
0.1
ND
ND
ND
0.12
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.068
ND
0.17
0.20
ND
0.05
ND
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.06
0. 12
ND
0.03
0.008
ND
ND
4 1
5.4
33
8.7
ND
ND
9.3
6 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
IB
ND
8.3
1.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.6
ND
1.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.4
0.72 22 0.39
0.095 33 0.58
0.57 24 0.41
0.15 31 0.54
ND 19 0. 17
ND ND ND
0.27 5.1 0.15
ND 0.2 0.01
ND ND ND
ND 0.4 0.04
ND 0.8 0.07
ND 8.8 0.11
ND 18 0.22
ND ND ND
ND 0.6 0.05
ND 12 0.082
ND ND ND
0.29 15 0.24
ND 22 0. 36
0.75 2.0 0.18
0.16 1.3 1.2
ND 0.5 0.04
ND 1.5 0.13
ND' ND ND
ND ND ND
0.21 1.9 0.15
ND 4.8 0.39
0.11 2.2 0.17
ND 6.6 0.52
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
0.10 2.1 0.15
134,
pCl/m1 nCi-Bec/m
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
IS
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.24
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
135!
1 pCi/m1 uCi-sec/m1
71
55
ND
41
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.8
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1. 3
0. 97
ND
0.71
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.34
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO CHARCOAL CARTRIDGE
0.091
--
ND
.-
0.02
--
0.05
--
0.02
0.6
ND
--
ND
--
0.02
--
0.02
--
.0.008
--
ND
0.8
ND
0.6
0.2
1.3
0.5
1.0
ND
0.05
ND
0.2
ND
0. 1
0.1
ND
ND
0.2
O.I
ND
ND
0.061
ND
0.06
0.01
0.077
0.04
0.088
ND
ND
ND
0.02
ND
0.03
0.009
ND
ND
0.02
0.008
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.5
ND
ND
ND
0.4
ND
ND ND ND
ND 3.8 0.29
ND ND ND
ND 1.0 0.093
ND ND ND
ND 6. 5 0. 38
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
0.4 0.03 ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND 0.1 0.03
0. 04 ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
0.03 0.1 0.008
ND ND ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NU
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO PARTICULATE FILTER
..
0.6
0.05
ND
ND ND ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO PAHTICULATE FILTER
-•
0.2
0.02
ND
ND ND ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CC -Charcoal cartridge
(1) - Running time is taken from a running time meter and may vary (lightly from time difference between recorded on and off times.
(2) - Sampler was not in operation from 1550, 12/1S-1420, 12/16.
(3) -No fresh fission products were found on the PF or CC that operated from 0730, 12/17 - 0603, 12/18.
(4) -Only charcoal cartridges were used on 12/15. 12/16, and 12/17 at this station. Iodine-131 was detected on 12/15 and 12/17. The maximum
0. 052 LtCi -sec/m*. T**ese concentrations are obviously not comparable to an air sampler using a PF ahead of the CC.
Af\
concentration was
-------
APPENDIX D
Milk sampling results with associated milk cow feed results in
parenthesis, NRX-A6 EP IIIA.
Name and Location of
Dairy or Ranch
Date
Milked
Radionuclide Concentrations
131 ! 133! 89Sr 90Sr
Bar stow, California 12/16
Bill Nelson Dairy
200° 141 miles
Bar stow, California 12/17
Bill Nelson Dairy
200° 141 miles
Barstow, California 12/18
Bill Nelson Dairy
200° 141 miles
Barstow, California 12/19
Bill Nelson Dairy
200° 141 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/15
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/16
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/17
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/18
Dansby' s' Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/19
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/20
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
ND 80 <5
(ND1) (ND)
20 50
(ND) (ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND ND
(ND) (900)
90 400
(ND) (5000)
60 200
(2000) (3000)
70 30
(ND) (ND)
30
(ND)
20
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<1
<1
<1
<1
NO CHEMISTRY
41
-------
APPENDIX D (continued)
Milk sampling results with associated milk cow feed results in
parenthesis, NRX-A6 EP IIIA. (continued)
Name and Location of
Dairy or Ranch
Date
Milked
Radionuclide Concentrations
31I 133I
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/21
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/24
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/26
Dansby's Ranch
219° 22 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/16
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/17
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/18
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/19
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/20
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/21
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/23
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/25
Hord Ranch
222° 23 miles
42
ND ND
(ND) (ND)
ND
(NS)
ND
(NS)
ND
(NS)
ND
(NS)
ND 50
(ND2) (2000)
ND
(ND)
60
(ND)
80 50
(ND) (ND)
30 ND
(ND) (ND)
ND
(ND)
10
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
<5
NO CHEMISTRY
NO CHEMISTRY
<5
<5
<5
<5
NO CHEMISTRY
NO CHEMISTRY
NO CHEMISTRY
NO CHEMISTRY
-------
APPENDIX D (continued)
Milk sampling results with associated milk cow feed results in
parenthesis, NRX-A6 EP IIIA. (continued)
Name and Location of
Dairy or Ranch
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Rooker Ranch
Date
Milked
12/16
12/17
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/24
12/26
Radionuclide Concentrations
131X 133l 89Sr 90Sr
ND
(1003)
40
(400)
90
(800)
70
(100)
60
(ND)
70
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
50
(2000)
100
(700)
70
(600)
20
(30)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
<5 2
<5 <1
<5 3
<5 3
<5 6
<5 2
NO CHEMI£
NO CHEMIS
215° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/15
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/17
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
ND ND <5
(ND) (400)
40 80 <5
(ND) (ND)
43
-------
APPENDIX D (continued)
Milk sampling results with associated milk cow feed results in
parenthesis, NRX-A6 EP IIIA. (continued)
Name and Location of Date
Dairy or Ranch Milked
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/18
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/19
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/20
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/21
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/24
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 12/26
Tom Nickell Ranch
222° 23 miles
Olancha, California 12/16
Hayhurst Ranch
247° 103 miles
Olancha, California 12/17
Hayhurst Ranch
247° 103 miles
Olancha, California 12/18
Hayhurst Ranch
247° 103 miles
ND - Not detected
NS - No sample taken
1 - Only commercial feed was samr
Radionuclide Concentrations
131 T 133T 89 c,. 90c_
x JL _ or or
30
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(ND)
ND
(NS)
ND
(ND)
20
(ND)
>led at this <
20 <5 <1
(ND)
ND <5 <1
(ND)
ND <5 <1
(ND)
ND <5 4
(ND)
ND NO CHEMISE
(ND)
ND NO CHEMIS1
(ND)
ND <5 2
(NS)
ND <5 2
(ND)
ND <5 3
(ND)
dairy. All other samples
of cow feed reported in this table were dry hay.
2 - 12/15 (131IND, 133I9600) No milk was available.
3 - 12/15 (131I ND, 133I 42,000) No milk was available
Note: Milk in pCi/1, Cow feed, in parenthesis, in pCi/kg
44
-------
APPENDIX E
Milk sampling stations where no fresh fission products were detected,
NRX-A6 EP-IHA
Location of Dairy or Ranch
Date Milked
Bakersfield, California
Challenge Creamery
237° 181 miles
Bar stow, California
Hill's Dairy
200° 141 miles
12/18 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/23 12/25
12/16 12/17 12/18 12/19 12/20 12/22 12/23
(1)
Brawley, California 12/18 12/19 12/20 12/21 --- -
Dateland Dairies
170° 272 miles
Chino, California 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/23 12/24
California Institute for Men (1)
201° 211 miles
Escondido, California - 12/18 12/19 --
Bernard Dairy (1)
192° 258 miles
Fresno, California 12/23 12/24 -
Fresno College Creamery
269° 192 miles
Hanford, California 12/23 12/24 -
Superior Dairy
261° 189 miles
Independence, California , 12/16 12/17 12/18
Smith Ranch
268° 108 miles
Independence, California 12/16 12/17 12/18 -----
Picard Ranch
270° 107 miles
Las Vegas, Nevada 12/20
LDS Dairy Farm
125° 78 miles
45
-------
APPENDIX E (continued)
Milk sampling stations where no fresh fission products were detected,
NRX-A6 EP-IIIA (continued)
Location of Dairy or Ranch
Date Milked
Lone Pine, California
Lone Pine Dairy
262° 105 miles
Newhall, California
Burbank Creamery
218°' 211 miles
Olancha, California
Roy Hunter Ranch
247° 103 miles
Riverside, California
Orange Crest Dairy
198° 203 miles
12/17 12/18
12/18 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/23 12/24
(1)
12/16 12/17 12/18
12/18 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/24
San Luis Obispo, California 12/18 12/19 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/24
Foremost Dairies
248° 262 miles
(1)
(1) Two samples collected on this date
46
-------
DISTRIBUTION
1 - 15 WERL, Las Vegas, Nevada
16 Robert E. Miller, Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
17 Robert H. Thalgott, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
18 Henry G. Vermillion, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
19 Donald W. Hendricks, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
20 Robert R. Loux, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
21 Mail & Records, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
22 Technical Library, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
23 Chief, NOB/DNA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
24 Philip Allen, ARL/NOAA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
25 Howard G. Booth, ARL/NOAA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
26 M. Klein, SNSO, Washington, D. C.
27 Ralph S. Decker, SNSO, Washington, D. C.
28 T. Jelinek, SNSO-C, Cleveland, Ohio
29 John P. Jewett, SNSO-N, Jackass Flats, Nevada
30 - 33 Roland M. Nelson, SNSO-N, NRDS, Jackass Flats, Nevada
34 William C. King, LLL, Mercury, Nevada
35 Roger E. Batzel, LLL, Livermore, California
36 James E. Carothers, LLL, Livermore, California
37 Ernest A. .Bryant, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
38 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
39 Charles I. Browne, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
40 William E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
41 D. Gray, NRTO, NRDS, Jackass Flats, Nevada
42 J. Powell, NRTO, NRDS, Jackass Flats, Nevada
43 Eastern Environmental Radiation Laboratory, EPA, Montgomery, Ala.
44 Elmer Hemmerle, WANL, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
45 G. Gallimore, Pan Am. World Airways, Jackass Flats, Nevada
46 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
-------
Distribution (continued)
47 J. Doyle, EG&G, Las Vegas, Nevada
48 Richard S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
49 Byron F. Murphey, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, N. Mexico
50 Maj. Gen. Edward B. Giller, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
51 Stanley M. Greenfield, Assistant Administrator for Research &
Monitoring, EPA, Washington, D. C.
52 Joseph A. Lieberman, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation
Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
53 Ernest D. Harward, Act. Dir. , Div. of Technology Assessment,
Office of Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
54 - 55 Charles L. Weaver, Act. Dir. , Div. of Surveillance & Inspection,
Office of Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
56 Arden E. Bicker, REECo. , Mercury, Nevada
57 John M. Ward, President, Desert Research Institute, University
of Nevada, Reno
58 - 59 DTIE, USAEC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, (for public availability)
------- |