SWRHL-80r
MANAGEMENT HISTORY OF THE AEC BEEF HERD
             1 JUNE 1964 - 1 JUNE 1969
                         by
             Donald D.  Smith, D.V.M.
                Radiological Research
    Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory

 U. S.  Department of Health,  Education, and Welare
                Public Health  Service
            Environmental Health Service
                     March 1970
    This study performed under a Memorandum of
           Understanding (No.  SF 54 373)
                      for the
       U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

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                                                         SWRHL-80r
     MANAGEMENT HISTORY OF THE AEC BEEF HERD

            1 JUNE 1964 - 1  JUNE 1969
                       by
             Donald D. Smith, D.V.M.
              Radiological Research
   Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
              Public Health Service
          Environmental Health Service
      Environmental Control Administration
          Bureau of Radiological Health
                   March 1970
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
           Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
                     for the
           U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

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                          ABSTRACT
From June 1, 1964 to June 1, 1969, the Atomic Energy Commission's
(AEC) beef herd has been maintained on the Nevada Test Site (NTS)
by the Public Health Service's Southwestern Radiological  Health
Laboratory (SWRHL).  The herd is  used to determine the uptake
and retention of various radionuclides and to provide background
information regarding various inquiries and possible legal  claims
from off-site ranchers.   This report covers the  history,  animal
husbandry, production and sampling program for the herd during
the last five years that it has been managed by  the SWRHL.

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                       TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                  Page
ABSTRACT                                                           i
LIST OF FIGURES                                                    iii
LIST OF TABLES                                                     iii
  I.  INTRODUCTION                                                 1
 II.  HISTORY                                                      2
III.  BEEF HERD MANAGEMENT                                         3
      A.  Animal Husbandry                                         3
      B.  Identification and Record System                         5
      C.  Reproduction and Production                              5
      D.  Losses, Transfers, and Purchases                         6
 IV.  HERD UTILIZATION                                             9
      A.  The Surveillance and Sacrifice Program                   9
      B.  Special Studies                                          11
  V.  SUMMARY                                                      12
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
DISTRIBUTION

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                   LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURE                                                 Page

                  90
1.  Comparison of   Sr in Bones of Bighorn Sheep,

    Deer, and Cattle                                   10
TABLE


1.   Herd Sires

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I.  INTRODUCTION
In the spring of 1956,  the Assistant Manager for Test Operations,
Albuquerque Operations  Office, U.  S. Atomic Energy Commission
authorized the formation of the AEC beef herd to be grazed on
the Nevada Test Site as a part of  the Off-Site Animal  Investi-
gation Project.  This project was  under the direction of an
Army veterinarian who was assigned this detail  by the Division
of Military Application.    On June 1, 1964, the Nevada Operations
Office, AEC, transferred responsibility for the project and
beef herd to the Southwestern Radiological  Health Laboratory
(SWRHL).  This report covers the management and animal  hus-
bandry of the herd from June 1, 1964 to June 1, 1969.

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II.  HISTORY
The beef herd was originally established to enhance relationships
between NTS Operations and off-site ranchers through an investi-
gative project of mutual interest.  Of more importance, however,
is the collection and documentation of data concerning the uptake
and retention of radionuclides in the tissues of these animals.
The management records and analytical results are used as back-
ground information during investigation of various claims, com-
plaints, and inquiries arising among livestock raisers, wildlife
management personnel, and other groups concerned with animal
welfare.

The original herd consisted of 42 grade Hereford cattle, (14 cows,
14 yearlings, and 14 calves) purchased in October of 1957.  In
June of 1958 a Hereford bull was purchased and in September 1958
ten more grade Herefords (3 cows, 4 two-year-old heifers, and
3 calves)  were added to the herd.  All cows were purchased from
local  ranchers within 30 miles of the NTS.  With the exception
of annual  additions of replacement herd sires, no new cattle
have been  introduced to the herd since 1958.

Prior to 1965 the herd was grazed on Bald Mountain in the summer
months and spent the fall, winter, and spring months on Frenchman
Flats, Yucca Flats, Papoose Lake, or a combination of the three
areas1.  A  semiannual sampling program was conducted in which five
animals were sacrificed each May and November.  At each sacrifice
a mature cow, a three-year-old, a two-year-old,  a yearling, and
a calf were selected.  Details of the animals husbandry, sacri-
ficing program and analytical results for the period 1957-1961
have been  published.

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III.   BEEF HERD MANAGEMENT
      A.   Animal  Husbandry
          When the SWRHL  assumed management responsibility,  the
          herd consisted  of 87  animals  which were grazing  on
          Yucca Flat.   As range conditions  were poor and  the
          cattle were  often a traffic hazard,  tftejrwere moved
          to the Well  3 corrals while a new grazing  area was
          located.

          In order to  have a more manageable herd 44 animals
          were declared surplus and  transferred to the University
          of Nevada at Reno on  October  8,  1964.   On  February 7, 1968,
          the remainder of the  herd  was moved  to Area 18 where
          they and their  descendents have  remained ever since.
          The herd now consists of 33 mature cows, 2 bulls,  8
          mature steers,  26 yearling animals and 32  calves.  A
          complete census of the herd is presented in Appendix  I.

          The Area 18  range consists of over 13,000  acres  and has
          six major plant communities which furnish  food for the
                 (2)
          cattle.   '   The six plant  communities  are:  Black  sage-
          brush;  big sagebrush; desert  shrub;  grass;  Russian
          thistle;  and buckwheat.  The  cattle  eat plants from all
          of these communities  but prefer  the  big sagebrush, grass,
          and desert shrub communities. The shrubs,  grasses, and
          forbs of the area supply all  roughage.   However, during
          the winter months cottonseed  oil  meal  is fed as  a  protein
          supplement.   This is  fed with trace  mineralized  salt  in
          a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio.

          The Area 18  range is  classified  as semi-arid.  The annual
          precipitation varies  from  4 to 12 inches and occurs mostly

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during the fall and winter months.  Rains are usually
highly localized so the monthly precipitation may vary
considerably from areas within Area 18.   Snowfalls of
up to one foot may occur during the winter, however,
snow does not remain on the ground for over a week at
a time.  Temperatures are extreme.  Seasonal fluctua-
tions commonly vary between 10°F and 100 F-

Overgrazing is prevented by periodically changing the
location of the watering tanks.  The beef cattle are
allowed to range at will, subject to the availability
of water.  As there is no permanent natural source of
water in the area, water is trucked to the cattle from
Well 8.

The beef herd is corralled five or six times each year.
The animals are identified, weighed, inspected for
disease conditions and treated if necessary.  At each
roundup they are sprayed with an insecticide for fly,
lice, and tick control.

In 1964, a horse was purchased to aid in the roundups.
However, because of the vast area and rough terrain of
Area 18 grazing lands, occasionally groups of cattle
have not been found.  In this case the U. S. Air Force
has flown helicopter flights in order to locate these
animals.  As a result, there have been only three animals
in five years that have not been found.

On August 3, 1965, the entire breeding herd was tested
for brucellosis, leptospirosis, and anaplasmosis.  The
results were negative.

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B.  Identification and Record System
    An identification and record system was developed which
    insured that each animal is individually identified.  A
    block of numbers from 500 through 999 was reserved for
    the beef herd.  When an animal  is born or purchased
    it is assigned the next chronological number.  This
    number is permanently retired when the animal leaves
    the herd.  The number is tattooed in the left ear, and a
    neck chain with a plastic numeral tag or brisket tag is
    attached to the animal.

    As an aid to rapid identification from a distance,
    animals have been branded (both thermally and cryo-
    genically) on the left hip.  In addition to the identi-
    fication numbers, each animal  is heat branded with
    the letters "AEC" on the left rib cage.  This brand
    is registered with the State of Nevada.

    An individual file is established for each animal, and
    a record form was developed (see Appendix II) on which
    information as to date of birth, sire, dam, breedings,
    description, sicknesses, treatments, weights, disposition,
    etc., is recorded.  In addition each file contains
    individual production records,  pedigrees, brand inspection
    slips, necropsy protocol, and any other pertinent papers.

C.  Reproduction and Production
    The beef cows are pasture bred  by two registered bulls.
    One is introduced into the herd around the 1st of June
    and the other around the 1st of July.  They remain with
    the herd through August when they are returned to Well 3.
    Most of the calves are born between late March and May 1.

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     Each year a bull is sacrificed and a replacement bull is
     obtained by purchase or barter.  Therefore, each bull
     remains in the herd for only two breeding seasons to
     minimize inbreeding.

     This pasture method of breeding has worked well as
     the percentage of calves born from sexually mature
     animals was 73% in 1966, (only one bull in the herd
     during the season of 1965) 96% in 1967, 96% in 1968,
     and 96% in 1969.  The average calving percentage for
     Southern Nevada is 59% as reported in a 1965 survey
                             (3]
     conducted by Leroy Rogersv ' of the University of
     Nevada.  Most ranchers practice year around calving,
     i.e., the herd sires are in the herd all year.

     During June, the baby calves are usually dehorned,
     castrated,  identified with an ear tattoo, neck chain,
     or brisket tag.  The calves are transported to Well 3
     for weaning when they are 150-180 days old.  The
     calves are  maintained at Well 3 a month before they are
    are returned to the range.   While there, they are
     branded with the AEC brand and are immunized against
     blackleg, malignant edema and shipping fever.  The
    cryogenic  identification brands are also applied at
     this time.   The average weaning weight in 1967 was
    392 pounds  and in 1968 was 377 pounds.  No weights
    are available for the earlier years.   The average
    weaning weight of calves for the Southern Nevada
    area as reported by Mr.  Rogers is 354 pounds.

D.  Losses, Transfers,  and Purchases

    Herd losses from natural  causes have  been minimal.
    Three animals have  disappeared without trace and the

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bodies of three other animals have been found.   Of these, one
calf was killed by a motor vehicle and two aged animals died
from undetermined causes.  The latter were in advanced stages of
decay when found so no necropsy was performed.   In addition,
four calves have died from tympanites while being weaned.

The high calving percentage and low death rate have resulted in
a herd that is larger than is needed in order to supply the animals
that are sacrificed each year.  On two occasions the herd has been
reduced by declaring certain animals surplus.  The first time was
on October 8, 1964, as previously stated.  On August 17, 1967,
another 40 animals were transferred to the University (Appendix III)

Before shipment, each animal underwent a complete physical
examination, blood samples were drawn for complete cell count,
and fecal and blood samples were collected for radioanalysis.
A health certificate was issued for each animal and the brands
were  inspected.  These records are kept on file for background
information and possible use in case of inquiries and litigation.

The only purchases that have been made since 1964 have been for
herd  sires.  A registered Hereford bull is obtained each year
as shown in Table  1.  These animals are either purchased or
obtained in barter for excess animals.

Table 1.  Herd Sires
Bull #
508
509
510
Date of
Procurement
22 April 65
29 August 65
29 June 67
Source
of Bull
U of Nevada
at Reno
U of Nevada
at Reno
Lee Livestock
Remarks
Purchased
Purchased
Purchased
Date Sacrificed
30 May 67
19 October 67
8 October 68
                           Company
                         Elko, Nevada

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Table 1.   Herd Sires cont'd
          Date of         Source
Bull #  Procurement       of Bull        Remarks         Date Sacrificed

511      27 October 67     U of Nevada   Barter for     In the herd
                            at Reno     six surplus
                                        dairy animals

512     30 October 68     U of Nevada   Barter for     In the herd
                            at Reno     surplus

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IV.   HERD UTILIZATION
     A.   The Surveillance and Sacrifice Program
         Area 18,  until  recent years,  was used for atmospheric
         nuclear testing.  Three detonation sites are within the
         herd's normal  grazing pattern.  These sites  are:   (1)
         Little Feller II, detonated July 7, 1962, (2) Johnny Boy,
         detonated July 11, 1962, and  (3) Little Feller I,  detonated
         July 17,  1962.   Prior to 1962, numerous atmospheric tests
         were conducted around the periphery of the grazing area,
         primarily on the southern and western edges.  The  grazing
         area was  also in the fallout  pattern of Project Buggy,
         detonated March 12, 1968, and is frequently  in the effluent
         pattern of the nuclear reactors tested at Jackass  Flats.
         It is readily seen that this  herd grazes in  an area with  a
         much higher probability of contamination as  compared to
         off-site ranges.

         Under present procedures, six animals (3 mature and 3 young)
         are sacrificed in May or June and again in October or November
         of each year.  Appendix IV lists all sacrificed animals.
         Each sacrificed animal is necropsied and a detailed protocol
         is completed and placed in the permanent file.  If any  gross
         abnormalities are found they  are noted.  Tissue samples are
         collected, perserved, and prepared for histopathologic  exami-
         nation.  Tissues sampled are  heart, kidney,  liver, lung,
         muscle, spleen, thyroid, eye, spinal cord, and any grossly
         abnormal  tissue.  Additional  tissue samples  are occasionally
         collected for special studies.  These tissues are  then  examined
         by Board certified veterinary pathologists.   To date no patho-
         logy has been reported that could be attributable  to ionizing
         radiation.

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In addition to the specimens  collected  for histopathological examination,
selected samples are collected  for  radioanalysis.   Samples include
abomasum contents, abomasum tissue,  femur, liver,  lung tips, muscle,
rumen contents, and thyroid.  Additional  samples are collected for
                                                           40   54
special studies.  Gamma spectroscopy is  routinely  ran for   K,   Mn,
85Sr, 106Ru,
                   137Cs,  140Ba,  and  144Ce.
In addition, radiochemistry
                                     90                     239
is performed to determine  levels  of   Sr  and  occasionally    Pu.
The detailed analytical results of  the  samples  collected at each
sacrifice are reported in the  progress  reports  published by the
Animal Investigation Program at SWRHL.
                                       (4)
                                            In  general,  radioactivity
levels have been at or near background,  except for     I  in samples
collected immediately following a Plowshare  cratering  experiment
or a foreign atmospheric test.  Levels of  the  longer lived isotopes
have had a downward trend since the cessation  of  atmospheric testing.
                               90
Figure 1 shows a comparison of   Sr in three meat producing ruminants
over the period 1956-1969.
                          90
 Figure  1.  Comparison  of   Sr  in  Bones  of  Bighorn  Sheep,
           Deer,  and Cattle
                                                    SHEEP -- FROM SHEEP RANGE (NE S E of NTS)
                                                    DEER • FROM SHEEP RANGE & NTS
                                                    CATTLE- FROM NTS ONLY
     1956    1957    1958   19
                      = •  =    = M  = a  =
                                                    5    1966    1967   1966    196'
                                     10

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To date, the data collected indicate that the levels of
external radiation and radionuclides in various tissues
have not been high enough to affect the beef herd.

Special Studies
In addition to the beef herd, the SWRHL maintains five
mature Hereford steers that have permanent rumen fistulas
These animals are placed on the beef range one day a
month.  At the end of the day, an ingesta sample is
collected from each animal and the sample is analyzed
for its radionuclide content, nutritional value, and
botanical content.  This information is used in deter-
mining the radionuclide uptake of the beef herd and in
planning efficient range use.

In cooperation with the University of Nevada, at Reno,
a forage intake and digestability study was conducted
utilizing the fistulated steers.  The study period
covered one winter and two summers.   The results of
the study were presented in the Proceedings, Western
Section, American Society of Animal  Science.  '
                         11

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V.  SUMMARY
The AEC beef herd has been maintained on the Area 18 range in a manner
similar to that utilized by most area ranchers.  Slightly better
management has been practiced, i.e., water is supplied adjacent to
the grazing area, grazing areas are rotated, an adequate number of
bulls are provided during a concentrated breeding season, insect
control measures are used, and protein supplement is provided in
the winter time.  This somewhat intensified management has resulted
in near 100% calf crops and heavy weaning weights.

The periodic surveillance of the herd has revealed no adverse health,
reproduction, or genetic effects resulting from the environment in
which these animals live.

Of more scientific value are the data that have been compiled as to
the concentrations of the various nuclides found in the selected
tissues sampled and how they are related to the plant species in-
gested.  These concentrations can often be traced to specific events
or releases.
                                 12

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                           REFERENCES

1.  Fountain, E.  L.   Off-site Animal  Investigation Project.
    Fourth Annual Report.   (June 30,  1961)

2.  Brown, K. W.  and B.  J.  Mason.   Range Survey,  Area  18,
    Nevada Test Site.   SWRHL-52.  (December 1968)

3.  Rogers, L.  F.  Characteristics  of the range cattle industry
    in Nevada,  Region  I, Southern  Nevada.   Publication No.  B5.
    Max C. Fleischmann College of  Agriculture.   University  of
    Nevada.  (September 1965)

4.  Progress Report of the  Animal  Investigation Program -
    June 1, 1964 through December  31, 1965  - Part II - Routine
    Bovine Sampling Studies.   BER-8.   (December 28,  1967)

5.  Annual Report for  1968  -  Southwestern Radiological  Health
    Laboratory.

6.  Smith, T. M., A. L.  Lesperance, V.  R.  Bohman,  R. A.  Brechbill,
    and K. W. Brown.  Intake  and digestability  of forages grazed
    by cattle on a Southern Nevada  range.   Proceedings,  Western
    Section, American  Society of Animal  Science.   Vol  19.   (1968)
                               13

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                       LIST OF APPENDICES
                                                         Page

APPENDIX   I.  Census of beef herd - May 22, 1969         1*

APPENDIX  II.  Individual Life Record - USPHS Beef
               Herd                                       19

APPENDIX III.  Surplus animals transferred to
               University of Nevada                       21

APPENDIX  IV.  List of animals sacrificed for
               Animal Investigation Program               23

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APPENDIX I.  Census of beef herd - May 22,  1969
Animal No.
Nineteen (
548
549
550
554
557
564
566
567
571
572
574
575
580
583
587
590
593
595
596
Seven (7)
602
604
607
609
612
614
618
Year of
Birth
19) cows four
1962
1963
1964
1962
1964
1961
1961
1963
1957
1964
1957
1963
1964
1964
1964
1964
1965
1965
1965
Weight (kg)
years old and older
362
356
373
383
326
324
319
328
482
398
350
339
266
346
386
301
346
444
344
Breed

Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
1969 Calf #

Calf not matched
703
681
Calf not matched
688
685
699
682
692
Calf not matched
707
Calf not matched
Calf not matched
691
690
Calf not matched
697
689
698
3-year-old cows
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
286
313
290
333
277
377
328
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
686
696
Calf not matched
Calf not matched
Calf not matched
687
693
                                  14

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APPENDIX I.  Census of beef herd - May 22, 1969 cont'd
Year of
Animal No. Birth Weight (kg)
Breed 1969 Calf #
Seven (7) 2-year-old heifers
629
636
638
640
645
647
648
Two (2)
603
615
Six (6)
628
631
635
639
644
in
Twelve
650
651
654
655
660
661
663
664
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
3-year-old steers
1966
1966
2-year-old steers
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
(12) yearling heifers
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
317
326
281
329
319
275
342

434
362

402
364
421
408
375
379

212
230
212
179
250
217
243
192
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford Calf
Hereford Calf
Hereford Calf
Hereford Calf
Hereford Calf

Hereford
Hereford

Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford-Hoi stei

Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
705
683
not matched
not matched
not matched
not matched
not matched









n Cross









                                 15

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APPENDIX I.   Census of beef herd -  May 22,  1969  cont'd
Animal No
666
668
670
671
Fourteen
649
653
656
657
658
659
662
667
669
673
674
675
676
677
Thirteen
679
682
684
692
693
694
695
698
Year of
Birth
1968
1968
1968
1968
Weight (kg)
210
208
217
217
Breed 1969 Calf #
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
(14) yearling steers
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
(13) 1969 heifer
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
254
268
174
196
212
203
217
Observed but
192
217
252
228
221
201
calves
77
52
38
102
61
89
71
75
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
not corralled
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford

Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
                                 16

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APPENDIX I.  Census of beef herd - May 22,  1969 cont'd
Year of
Animal No. Birth
699
703
706
708
710
Nineteen (19)
680
681
683
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
696
697
700
701
702
704
705
707
709
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969 steer
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1961
1969
1969
1969
1969
Weight (kg) Breed Remarks
96
89
67
73
39
calves
77
94
78
89
70
67
73
67
55
61
58
69
57
67
79
63
74
50
69
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford Tattooed 807
Hereford

Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
                                  17

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APPENDIX I.  Census of beef herd - May 22, 1969 cont'd
Year of
Animal No. Birth
Two (2) breeding bulls
511 11 Mar 64
512 17 Mar 65
Weight (kg)
Not weighed
Not weighed
Breed Remarks
Registered Hereford
Registered Hereford
The following animals were not observed at this roundup:
558 - 6-year-old cow - last seen June 1968.
625 - 2-year-old heifer - last seen June 1968.
672 - 1-year-old steer - on range November 7,  1968.

In addition 610, a 3-year-old cow, has not been observed  for nearly
two years so it is presumed to be dead.

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                              APPENDIX II.
                                   INDIVIDUAL LIFE RECORD
                                      USPHS  BEEF HERD
 I.D.NO.

 SEX
 569
(22)
                                                                                  DAM'S  I.D.NO.  Unknown
Female
                                                              SIRE'S  I.D.NO. Unknown
 DATE  OF  BIRTH  Spring 1957'
Special Markings, Brands, Tatoos, etc.
Left ear tag 69. Right ear tattoo. AID 69
Branded AEG left rib, 69 left hip, 9 left face
Horns straight forward. Original brand illegible






Individual Weight Record
Date
2 Jun 65
=8 Oct 65
27 Oct 66
!6 May 66
:l Jul 66
.2 Oct 66
>1 May 67
5 Jun 69
Age
8 yrs


9 yrs




Weight
1100
968
985
1050
1035
1065
1 850
1077
Condition
Good
Good
Good
Good

\
Good
Extra Good
Remarks








                                           BREEDING AND PRODUCE RECORD 8 October 1968
                                                                                -  981
Breeding Date and Bull used
Date







Bull







Date







Bull







Birth Date
of calf
29 Dec 6k
3 May 66
28 Mar 67
3 May 68



Sex of
calf
Male
Female
Female
Male



I.D.NO.
of calf
591
610
636
6k9



Birth"
wt.
70
80
80
72



Weaning Data
Date







Wt.







Age in days







Daily gain







Adj .wt .







Remarks







 Disposition of Animal;
                   Sacrificed 9 October  1968
FSS .3

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                                         MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT RECORDS
                                             (Give details and dates)
I.D. Numbers
Brajid
l/z£/<




Tattoo
69"
5 ll/6(




Neck Chain
ft 7a^65




AEC Brand
Rebranded
2o Jan 65




Dehorning ~





Castration





Vaccinations
Blackleg
Ik Apr 60




Miscellaneous treatments and surgery
Cryogenic brand/Liquid nitrogen
Tail Biopsy - 12 October 1966



   Remarks  (Include  dates  of  sightings,  condition, location, all other pertinent data):
      Wintered at corrals - Well 3 - September 1964 - 7 February 1965 - when moved to Area 18 _
      Through chute 2 June 1965 - Sprayed _ , _
      Through chute 29 July 1965 - Sprayed.  Bled - Negative, Brucellosis,  Anaplasmosis ,  Leptospirosis
ro     Through chute 16 September 1965 - Sprayed.   Kemtox 1% Solution
      Chute - 28 October 1965 - Keraspray.  Pregnant.
      Chute - 26 May 1966 p Keraspray 1%'.  Moved to new location near Flivver Site
      Chute - Well 8 - Kemtox 1% Solution. 21 July 1966
      Chute - Well 8 - Kemtox 1% Solution. 31 May 196?
      8 Aug 1967 - Through chute, Kemtox
      18 Oct 1967 - 1030 Ibs.  Beginning cancer - right eye.  Nevada neck tag
      Gathered and bled.  Turned loose 5 March 1968
      5 June 1968 - Well 8 Chute - Kemtox 1% Solution
      8 October 1968 - Chute scales - Area 18 and hauled to Well 3 - Slaughtered on 9 October

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APPENDIX III.  Surplus animals
Animals transferred on October
Thirteen (13) mature cows
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No I

No.
No.
No.
No.
No I
No.
No.
20
51
43
6
9
.D. #

83
53
32
13
.D. #
3
49
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hoi stein
Hereford
Hereford

Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hoi stein
Hoi stein
88 A
88 A
No I
No I
Seve
M _ T
No 1
No I
No I
No I
No I
No I
No I

Five (5) 2-year-old heifers
No I.D. #     Hereford
No.  114      Hereford
No I.D. #     Hereford
No.  121      Hereford
No I.D. #     Hereford
One (1) 2-year-old steer
No.  127      Hereford
Four (4) yearling steers
No.  113      Hereford
No I.D. #     Hereford
No I.D. #     Hereford
No I.D. #     Hereford
transferred to University of Nevada
8, 1964
       Four (4) yearling females
              8806          Guernsey
              7732          Hoi stein
               #            Hereford
               #            Hereford
       Seven (7) 1964 female calves
               #            Hereford
               #            Hereford
               #            Angus
               #            Angus
               #            Hereford
               #            Hereford
               #            Hereford
                                 '!
       Seven (7) 1964 male calves
       No.   115
       No.    27
       No I.D.  #
       No I.D.
       No I.D.
       No I.D.
       No I.D.
#
#
#
#
       Three (3)  bulls
       No.   117
       No.   169
       No.   143
Holstein-Angus
Hereford
Angus
Hereford
Hereford
Angus
Hereford

Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
These animals were shipped before institution of FSS Identification and
Record System.
                                21

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APPENDIX III.  Surplus animals transferred to University of Nevada  cont'd
Animals transferred on August 17, 1967
Two (2) 3-year-old cows
No.  581      Angus-Holstein
No.  582      Angus-Holstein
Three (3) 2-year-old heifers
No.   41      Hereford-Hoi stein
No.   51      Hereford-Holstein
No.   53      Hereford-Holstein
Three (3) 2-year-old steers
No.   50      Hereford-Holstein
No.   54      Hereford-Holstein
No.   57      Hoi stein
Twelve  (12) yearling steers
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hoi stein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
              Hereford-Holstein
Seven (7) yearling females
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
59
60
61
63
64
65
68
69
72
74
76
78
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
Four
No.
No.
No.
No.
Seven
No.
Mo.
Mo .
No.
No.
No.
No.
58
67
73
75
81
82
601
(4)
100
619
620
621
(7)
91
101
102
103
626
632
646
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
1967 female calves
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Hoi stein
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
1967 male calves
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
Hereford-Holstein
Hoi stein
Heref ord-Hol stei n-Angus
Heref ord-Hol stei n-Angus
Hereford-Holstein
Two (2) aged Hoi stein cows
Mo .   15
No.   25
                                22

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   APPENDIX  IV.   List of animals  sacrificed  for Animal  Investigation  Program
IV)
GO
Animal
No.
49
74
109
8
122
No I.D.
105
44
46
102
147
107
No I.D.
No I.D.
No I.D.
No I.D.
No I.D.
No I.D.
Age
12 yrs
4 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
12 yrs
1 yr
3 mos
4-1/2 yrs
10 yrs
10 yrs
2 yrs
1 yr
1-1/2 yrs
7 yrs
7 yrs
7 yrs
2-1/2 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
1 yr
Weight (kg) Sex


227
364


295
409
364

273
364
523
432
477
205
227
148
Cow
Steer
Steer
Cow
Steer
Steer
Steer
Cow
Cow
Steer
Steer
Steer
Cow
Cow
Cow
Steer
Steer
Bull
Breed
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hoi -Her Cross
Hoi -Her Cross
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Date
Sacrificed
10 Jun 64
10 Jun 64
10 Jun 64
10 Jun 64
10 Jun 64
10 Jun 64
30 Jun 64
30 Jun 64
30 Jun 64
30 Jun 64
30 Jun 64
30 Jun 64
7 Oct 64
7 Oct 64
7 Oct 64
7 Oct 64
7 Oct 64
7 Oct 64
AIP
Sample No.
B-227-64
B-229-64
B-230-64
B-228-64
B-231-64
B-232-64
BOY- 1 -NTS -64
BOV-2-NTS-64
BOV-3-NTS-64
BOV-4-NTS-64
BOV-5-NTS-64
BOV-6-NTS-64
BOV-7-NTS-64
BOV-8-NTS-64
BOV-9-NTS-64
BOV-10-NTS-64
BOV-ll-NTS-64
BOV-12-NTS-64
  All the above animals were sacrificed prior to institution  of the FSS Identification  and  Record
  System.

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APPENDIX IV.  List of animals sacrificed for Animal Investigation Program cont'd
Animal
No.
505
506
507
560
577
578
591
589
556
563
592
565
555
576
562
559
551
Age
10 yrs
15 yrs
7 yrs
2 yrs
1 yr
1 yr
1 yr
1 yr 2 mos
5 yrs
10 yrs
1 yr
7 yrs
10 yrs
2 yrs
5 yrs
3 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
Weight (kg)
528
395
465
204
204
193
221
183
432
412
270
322
458
364
436
428
296
Sex
Cow
Cow
Cow
Heifer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Cow
Cow
Steer
Cow
Cow
Steer
Cow
Cow
Steer
Breed
Brahman
Brahman
Brahman
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Date
Sacrificed
3 Jun 65
3 Jun 65
3 Jun 65
3 Jun 65
3 Jun 65
3 Jun 65
5 Nov 65
5 Nov 65
5 Nov 65
5 Nov 65
5 Nov 65
5 Nov 65
26 May 66
26 May 66
26 May 66
26 May 66
26 May 66
AIP
Sample No.
BOV-l-NTS-65
BOV-2-NTS-65
BOV-3-NTS-65
BOV-4-NTS-65
BOV-5-NTS-65
BOV-6-NTS-65
BOV-7-NTS-65
BOV-8-NTS-65
BOV-9-NTS-65
BOV-10-NTS-65
BOV-ll-NTS-65
BOV-12-NTS-65
BOV-l-NTS-66
BOV-2-NTS-66
BOV-3-NTS-66
BOV-4-NTS-66
BOV-5-NTS-66

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    APPENDIX  IV.   List  of  animals  sacrificed  for Animal  Investigation Program cont'd
PO
en
Animal
No.
546
23
22
34
40
588
579
49
584
42
586
561
508
80
509
600
616
568
Age
2 yrs
11 yrs
8 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
2 yrs
10 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
3 yrs
5 yrs
1 yr
5 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
10-1/2 yrs
Weight (kg)
364
548
510
480
386
398
503
318
364
377
320
320
652
336
719
393
361
464
Sex
Steer
Cow
Cow
Steer
Steer
Cow
Cow
Cow
Steer
Steer
Steer
Cow
Bull
Steer
Bull
Steer
Steer
Cow
Date
Breed Sacrificed
Hereford 26 May 66
Holstein 13 Oct 66
Hoi stein 13 Oct 66
Hoi -Her Cross 13 Oct 66
Hol-Her Cross 13 Oct 66
Hereford 13 Oct 66
Hereford 13 Oct 66
Holstein 1 Jun 67
Hereford 1 Jun 67
Holstein 1 Jun 67
Hereford 1 Jun 67
Hereford 1 Jun 67
Hereford 1 Jun 67
Hol-Her Cross 19 Oct 67
Hereford 19 Oct 67
Hereford 19 Oct 67
Hereford 19 Oct 67
Hereford 19 Oct 67
AIP
Sample No.
BOV-6-NTS-66
BOV-9-NTS-66
BOV-10-NTS-66
BOV-ll-NTS-66
BOV-12-NTS-66
BOV-13-NTS-66
BOV-14-NTS-66
BOV-l-NTS-67
BOV-2-NTS-67
BOV-3-NTS-67
BOV-4-NTS-67
BOV-5-NTS-67
BOV-6-NTS-67
BOV-7-NTS-67
BOV-8-NTS-67
BOV-9-NTS-67
BOV-10-NTS-67
BOV-ll-NTS-67

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APPENDIX IV.  List of animals sacrificed for Animal  Investigation Program
Animal
No.
573
553
606
611
599
598
643
630
510
569
634
624
597
617
608
627
637
678
570
Age
9 yrs
13 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
13 mos
1-1/2 yrs
4 yrs
11-1/2 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
1-1/2 yrs
3 yrs
3 yrs
3 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
1 mo
10 yrs
Weight (kg)
430
464
407
445
424
441
278
375
361
490
434
339
389
377
432
323
422
57
384
Sex
Cow
Cow
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Bull
Cow
Steer
Steer
Cow
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Bull
Cow
Breed
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Date
Sacrificed
19 Oct 67
11 Jim 68
11 Jun 68
11 Jun 68
11 Jun 68
11 Jun 88
11 Jun 68
9 Oct 68
9 Oct 68
9 Oct 68
9 Oct 68
9 Oct 68
9 Oct 68
7 May 69
7 May 69
7 May 69
7 May 69
7 May 69
7 May 69
AIP
Sample No.
BOV-12-NTS-67
BOV-l-NTS-68
BOV-2-NTS-68
BOV-3-NTS-68
BOV-4-NTS-68
BOV-5-NTS-68
BOV-6-NTS-68
BOV-7-NTS-68
BOV-8-NTS-68
BOV-9-NTS-68
BOV-10-NTS-68
BOV-ll-NTS-68
BOV-12-NTS-68
BOV-l-NTS-69
BOV-2-NTS-69
BOV-3-NTS-69
BOV-4-NTS-69
BOV-5-NTS-69
BOV-6-NTS-69

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                            DISTRIBUTION
 1-20  SWRHL, Las Vegas, Nevada
  21  Robert E. Miller, Manager, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
  22  Henry G. Vermillion, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
  23  D. W. Hendricks, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
  24  R. R. Loux, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
  25  F- D. Cluff,  NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
  26  J. D. Davis,  NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
  27  E. D. Campbell, NVOO/AEC, Las  Vegas,  Nevada
  28  A. J. Whitman, NVOO/AEC,  Las Vegas,  Nevada
  29  R. S. Davidson, BMI,  Columbus, Ohio
  30  Chief, NOB/DASA, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas,  Nevada
  31  DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
  32  Director, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D.  C.
  33  William W.  Burr, Jr., DBM, USAEC, Washington,  D.  C.
  34  John S. Kelly, DPNE,  USAEC, Washington,  D. C.
  35  P. Allen, ARL/ESSA,  NVOO/AEC,  Las Vegas, Nevada
  36  Gilbert J.  Ferber, ARL/ESSA, Silver  Spring,  Maryland
37-38  Charles L.  Weaver, CPEHS, PHS, Rockville, Maryland
  39  Regional Representative,  BRH,  PHS, Region IX,  San Francisco, Calif
  40  Bernd Kahn, BRH, PHS, Cincinnati, Ohio
  41  Northeastern  Radiological  Health Lab., Winchester, Mass.
  42  Southeastern  Radiological  Health Lab., Montgomery, Ala.
   43  W.  C.  King, LRL,  Mercury, Nevada
   44  H.  L.  Reynolds, LRL, Livermore,  Calif.
   45  Roger Batzel, LRL,  Livermore, Calif.

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   46  Ed Fleming,  LRL,  Livermore, Calif.
   47  Wm.  E.  Ogle,  LASL,  Los Alamos, N. Mex.
   48  Harry  S.  Jordan,  LASL, Los Alamos, N. Mex.
   49  Victor M.  Milligan,  REECo, Mercury, Nevada
   50  Clinton S.  Maupin,  REECo, Las Vegas, Nevada
   51  Byron  Murphey,  Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, N. Mex.
   52  6. E.  Tucker, Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, N. Mex.
   53  R. H.  Wilson, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y.
54-55  DTIE,  Oak Ridge,  Tennessee
   56  D. S.  Earth,  National Air Pollution Control Admin., Chapel Hill,
         North Carolina
   57  Robert Lynch, DVM,  U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, State Bldg.
         Las  Vegas,  Nevada
   58  H. P.  Adams,  Extension Dairyman, University of Nevada, Reno
         Reno, Nevada
   59  Ferren Bunker,  Clark County Cooperative Extension Service
         Las  Vegas,  Nevada
   60  R. E.  Engel,  National Air Pollution Control Admin., Chapel Hill,
         North Carolina
   61  John C. Vi11 forth,  PHS, ECA, BRH, Rockville, Maryland
   62  John G. Bailey, PHS, ECA, BRH, Rockville, Maryland
   63  Verle  Bohman, Chairman, Animal Science Dept., University of
         Nevada,  Reno, Nevada

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