Unine Sam
                     EmnnnnwatM Proncton
                     Agmev
W»ie»ol
Radvtion ^TOVMM
       DC 20480
                                                             ORP/SiPD-80-12
                                                             April
                     POPULATION  EXPOSURE  TO EXTERNAL
                     NATURAL PXADIATION BACKGROUND
                     IN  THE UNITED STATES
i

-------
                               Appendix  3
Corrections to ORP/SID 72-1
     Three errors were noted  in  the  histograas  of  figure 13 of
Oakley's report (Oa72).  One  of  these  was  aispiacenent of the
vertical axis for Socky Flats-Denver (Fig  13q  ).   This axis was
siiipiaced one scale division  to  the  left.   The  first noticeable
non-zero readings should be in  the range 2 to  4 sicrorems/hour, the
aoce should be in the range 8-10 aicrorems/hour,  and the arrow should
be located at 10.4 microrems/hour.

     The other tvo errors t*ere  in the .placement of the arrows
 rxiicating the aean values  for  Cincinnati, Ohio,  (Fig. 13m) and Los
-_-geles, California (Fig 13y).   For  the convenience of the reader,
~.e location of the aean values  for  the 23 histograms of Figure 13 in
(0*72) are given as Table 3-1:
                                    Table 3-1

      Average Terrestrial  Dose  Equivalent Values for Measured Sites  (Da/2)
Location
So. :*vr England
So. New England
Caaden/ Philadelphia
Fort Selvoir, Va./D.C.
Norfolk, Va.
Parr, S.C.
Sav. 31 v, Augusta, Ca.
Cape Kennedy-
Orlando, Fla.
Ca. Siuclear lab-
Atlanta, Ca.
Oak Ridge, P*.
Pittsburgc, Pa.
Coluabus, Ohio
aicroreas/
hour
5.33
6.11 .
2.70
4.12
3.09
3.76
3.39

1.51

6.61
5.95
5.43
5.78
Location
Cincinnati, Ohio
Chicago, 111.
Minneapolis, Minn.
Galveston, Texas
Rocky Flats-Denver, Colo
Albuquerque, N.M,
Carlsbad N.M.

MRTS- Idaho Falls, Idaho

Las Vegas, Nevada
Hanford- Richlaad, Wash.
Saa Franclao, Calif.
Arguello- Santa Barbara,
aicrorems/
hour
4.05
5.18
4.21
2.26
10.23
7.34
2.93

o.35

5.35
5.37
4.78
Calif. 5.44
                                        Lo« Angeles, Calif.             6.00
                                   5-1

-------
                                                                  PB81-233082
   Population Exposure to  External Natural
   Radiation Background in  the  United States
   (U.S.)  Office of Radiation  Programs
   Washington,  DC
  Apr 81
                                                                              J
U.S. DGfMfUMfrt if
Natwnal Tachnietl Information Service

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pleaa nttf Inttrueiiom on m* nvtne btfort compltnnni
\, RIPORT NO. 3.
ORP/SEPD-80-12
3. RSCIPiiNTS ACCiSSl.ffN_Np.Q
«. TITtI ANOSUiTITLI S *i»0«T OATt
Population Exposure to External Natural Radiation April 1981
Background in Che United States
7 AUTHORIS)
Kenneth t. Bogen and Abraham S. Go Id in
« PESFCnwiNO ORGANIZATION NAMt ANO AOORI S3
Office of Radiation Prograas (ANR-461)
Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, O.C. 20460
13. SPONSORING ACENCV MAMB AMD AOORCSS
Sane
• *eRFOMMINQ ORGANIZATION COOK
B. MJ HPONMINQ ORGANIZATION Rt*ORT NO
10 PMOORAM EkiMtNT '•vO
' il CijN'TWACT.OBANrNO
!
i
1
13, TVCt Of Ri^ORT ANO PlRIOD COVIRIO
1* SPONSORING, A01NCY COOS
T8. SU»»LgMiNTA«Y NOTES
1». ABSTRACT
This report revises estimates of population exposure co external natural
background aade by D. T. Oakley in 1972. The revisions include sore rscent
estimates of dose equivalents from cosmic rays, use of 1970 U.S. cenau* data,
and corrections for building shielding and for self -shielding in the body. The
doae equivalents calculated are those froa cosmic rays and terrestrial radiation, and
do not include doses froa natural radioactive aateriala in the body.
17. XIV WORDS ANO OOCUWINT ANAw'SlS
» DSSCRI^TORS
natural background radiation
cosmic rays
terrestrial radiation
population radiation dose
radiation
11. DISTRIBUTION STATEVItNT
Unlimited
\
b. I OINTJP If RS
-------
                                         TECHNICAL NOTE
                                         QRJP/SEPD-80-12
        POPULATION  EXPOSURE  TO  EXfElNAL
         NATURAL  RADIATION BACKGROUND
              m THE UNITED STATES
                Kenneth T. Bogen
                       and
                Abrahaa S. GoIdin
                   April 1981
Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness Division
          Office of Radiation Programs
      U.  S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
             Washington, D.C.   20460

-------
                               ABSTRACT
     This report revises estimates of  population  exposure  to
external natural background made by D. T. Oakley  in  1972.   The
revisions include more recent estimates of dose equivalents from
cosmic rays, use of 1970 U-S. census data, and corrections  for
building shielding and for self-shielding in  the  body.   The dose
equivalents calculated are those from  cosmic  ray* and  terrestrial
radiation, and do not include doves •_mm natural  radioactive
material* in the body.

     Th« revised data, not including shielding corrections, give a
Dean dose equivalent of 71 mlllireas p«?r year co  the U.S.
population.  Twenty percent of  the population receive  lass  than  50
niilirems per year, seventy percent less than 82  millirems  per  year,
and ninety-iiv* percent l*s« than 103  millir«ns per  year.   These
dose equivalents, which correspond approximately  to  skJLn dose
equivalents out-of-doors, are useful for comparison  with other
exposures measured or stated without shielding corrections.

     The reviled data, including shielding corrections,  give a  nean
done equivalent of 53 mil11rams per year to eh« United  States
population«  Twenty percent receive dose equivalents less  than  38
millirens per year, seventy percent less than 58  siilireaa  per  year,
and ninety-live percent less than 76 aillirems per year. These  dose
equivalents correspond approximately to those received  by internal
organs, such as gonads ot red marrow.  They are useful  for
estimating dose equivalents received by these organs and for
estimating population health risks from natural radiation.
                                  iii

-------
                                CUtJTCIJTS



Luti'uUucLlon and Suuuary                                          i

uaki.uy'tt  Work                                                      i

Coauic  iiiitilariuii                                                   i

           Curree tluijti                                              2

                                                                    3

                                                                    'J

               A                                                  A-2

               U                                                  li-j


                                  TABLES

              buuw  LLjuivulents by  ijlu
     ,iVLtriij,e L*O«B Li^ui vaiciitu i run Tcrruatr iji  and
                ii ('.,ut  iJorrt'c toti  lor liitlu Idin^;
              l)o i. u  ^i-,ui v.i 1.1,'tiLi.  i fui.i Turruuiriai  and
              lun (OorructcU lor  lihiuiLiiti),)                    .i-I4

              Turruutriai Utisu  Cquivaium. Valm;u tur
                                                                  li— 3
                                  FIGURES

     Frequency Diiitributiun of  Uowe  L^uivuieut  In th«s
        U.Ji.  I'ojjuijtioii  (nut eorructuu for shieiuii»gj
     Cuuuitit ivu uiiicriuuL iou ui Uowe Cquivaiynt  lit
        U.S.  Population  •
J.   Frequancy Ulstribytiun oi Du&u  Lqulvalunt  in th«
        Uti>.  Tupulation  (currccted  for
                                                Preceding page blank

-------
                         ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
     The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with
Dr. Donald T« Oakley and thank Mr. Christopher B. Nelson and
Mr. Philip Cuny for assistance In computer programing.

-------
Introduction and Sunosary

     Man's exposure to natural background  radiation  is  often  used  as
* bails of comparison for exposures  CO man-mada  sources of  ionizing
radiation (MCIP75).  This technical  not* revises estlaatas  of tha
U.S. population dot* equivalent  from coamic and  natural terrestrial
radiation as reported by Oakley  la 1972  (Qa72).   This  revision uses;
1) newer estimates of cosmic-ray dose equivalents in the United
States CCRP75), 2) 1970 U.S. census data  rather than  i960  data,  3}
corrections far snielding by building structures, and  4} corrections
for self-shialding in the body.

     The values without shielding corrections  are aoac  useful for
coaparison with other measurements of unshielded radiation  doses  or
exposures in the outdoor environment.  The values with  a shielding
correction are useful for estimating the actual  dose equivalent
received by internal organs or calculating the health  risks from
background radiation.  Johnson «c al. (Jo81)  have used  these  values,
with shielding corrections, to prepare A contour tup of th« asbiunt
natural radiation levels in the  Urutel States.

Oakley's Work.

     In 1972 C'i'lay (Qa72) reported  estimated  dose equivalents to
people in spe   led locations in the United  States and  average dose
equivalents to the total U.S. population.   Oakley estimated the dose
equivalent from cosmic rays as a function  of  the elevation  above  ««a
level, uhieh is the primary determinants of cosmic-ray  dose
equivalents in the United States.  Mis terrestrial dote equivalents
were estimated from aerial survey aeaaurs«entsi

     To calculate she frequency  distribution  of  dose equivalents  in
the United States, Oakley used Ctsnaua Bureau  data on populations  in
urbanized and aonurDanizad areas.  Far each  population  sagaent, he
calculated the appropriate cosmic-ray dose equivalent  froo  tha
altitude ami the appropriate terrestrial dose  equivalent from the
aerial survey measurements.  For areas where  no  aerial  survey
measurements ware available, be  estimated  the  distribution  of
terrestrial dose equivalents from the frequency  distribution  of the
available aerial survey dose equivalent data.

Cosaic Radiation

     The .National Council on Radiation Protection and  Measurements
(:
-------
They accepted Oakley's natural terrestrial values,  but used
different cosmic-ray do*e equivalents.

     Th< N'CRP used lower cosmic- ray Ionizing component dcs*9  based
on three sets of dat* (toe&, Shoo, U.75) rather  than  the tight
values (SooO, Ka63, Lo6»» Shoo, QhM, Ge70. 0'Br70, Y«70)  used  by
Oakley.  They also used newer cosfflie-cay neutron aaasureaents and a
lower neutron quality factor.

     W« baaed our revised estiaates of cosmic-ray dose equivalent to
the U.S. population on cn« HCRF long-term average cosmic-ray  dose
equivalent rates at various altitudes.  To facilitate our
reanaiysis, we described Che NCR? dose equivalent graph for
altitudes froa 0 to 2-5 kilometers by the equation:
          D - 28.9 +7.45x +  1.69x2 *  1.21x3 *  0.193x4    (I)

where x la the altitude in kilometers and  D  Is the  corresponding
average dose equivalent rate in allliresa per year  (ureai/y).

     Table A-l of Appendix A shows the coaeic-ray  dose  equivalents
calculated from equation (1),  the natural  terrestrial  radiation dose
equivalents (Ga72}» and che  sum or coasic-ray  and  natural
terrestrial dose equivalents,  for all 349  population  region*  in che
United States.  These values were combined with 1970  U.S.  census
data to give the distribution  of natural radiation dose equivalent
in the United States, uncorrected for shielding.   The  eutan dose
equivalent was 71 aran/y.  Twenty percent  of the  population  received
less than 30 srea/y, seventy percent  less  than 82  sren/y,  and  ninety-
five percent less than 1U4 mrem/y.  Figure 1 shows  trie  frequency
distribution of dos« equivalents.  Table 1 gives  the  average  values
of these uncorrected dose equivalents for  each state.

Ship I dl ng _ Cor r ec t i ona

     The estimates in Table  A-l represent  the  dose  equivalents that
would be received outdoors by  the surface  tissues  of a  person. Dose
equivalents received indoors by a person are generally  reduced by
attenuation by building materials.  Oakley (Oa/2)  estiautt«d  that
buildings reduced the dose equivalent from terrestrial  sources by 20
percent, so th&t a person actually received, is surface tissues, 80
percent of the dote equivalents of Tjbie A-l.

       The «CRP (NCRP75) estioated that building materials reduced
cosmic-ray dose equivalents  by 10 percent, leaving  90  percent  that
reached a person*

-------
     Internal organu,  such aa gtiuuua and red narrow,  incur
iower done equivalent** because ot~ shielding by outer  portions of  the
body.  Oakley ettciuated a tut her 2U percent attenuation,  uaued on
work by Bennett  (Be/Uj, so that the terrestrial dose  equivalent
received by  Internal organs is O.b x O.tt, or U.64  (64 percent) of
the valueB given in Table A-l«  Tlie attenuation of cosmic-ray
radiation In the body  Is small and was taken into  account by the
WCllP in their cosmic  radiation estimates (NCRP75).  The  actual
couialc-rtty doae  equivalent received by internal organs i« thereiore
9U yerc«uL of thts Table A-i values.

     Tabi« A-2  in Appendix *v gives chu vaiues ut co«uic-ray and
natural Larrwstriai iadiation dogt tiquivaients, and tlieir sums, for
cue saot '34V population rugiotjB used by Uakiey.  Corrections for
Duiidin^ and body shielding are Includiid.  The ciean doge  equivalent
was 53 urcu/yr,  twanty percent ot thtt population received Leas tiian
JS ui'en/yr;  seventy pertwtit less than 56 arew/yr;  and ninety-rive
percunt ieas than 76 nren/yr.

     Table 1 includes  the average do*u equivalent  values  with
Shielding corrections  tor uacl» stata.  Figure 2 preuent*  tlw
cuuulativu truquency tor the uncorrected and ihi«ldlrig~corrected
total do*e equivalents from natural radiation.  Figure 3  gives the
frequency diMtribution ot tlie corrected doge equlvaienttt*
     About halt  the  difivrence between the cosnic-ray  data  in the
         uakl«y  wors. anu  those in the . thu
absorbed done rate within the body.  NCRP seated chat  tiie staall
diftetkitice in wtoppint, power between air arid tissue  wan
approximately cotapennated by attenuation in the body.   70 the extant
tuat thiB in an  over«iBiplit tcation, our co»aic-ray dose  equvalents
in tisttue, obtained  t rou  ttie JOtF data, :-iay be too low  by two or
three ntlilireu per year.

-------
Table 1.  Average Dose Equivalents  by  State
State
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
D.C.
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
Mean
1970 Elevation
Population (meters)
203,235,297
3,444,164
302,166
1,772,479
1,923,295
19,953,106
2,207,260
3,032,219
548,106
756,510
6,789,447
4,589,574
769,911
713,003
11,113,962
5,193,672
2,825,038
2,249,079
3,219,296
3,543,188
993,659
3,922,397
5,689,172
8,875,092
3,805,064
2,216,908
4,677,403
694,409
1,483,797
488,736
737,680

154
76
628
191
106
1651
51
33
46
16
217
43
1080
194
222
314
417
234
23
104
52
56
214
337
78
218
1055
424
1013
177
Dose Equivalent(iireni/y)
(Unshielded)
Cosmic Terr. Total
30.9
30.1
29.5
35.0
30.5
29.8
52.8
29.3
29.2
29.3
29.1
30.7
29.3
40.8
30.4
30.7
31.5
32.5
30.8
29.1
29,7
29.3
29.4
30.6
31.7
29.5
30.7
40.3
32.5
40.6
30.3
40.0
35.2
45.6
45.6
29.8
36.2
66.5
51.0
31.3
35.4
22.3
40.2
45,6
45.6
41.5
44.9
45.6
45.6
43.5
22.8
45.6
32.3
45.2
45.6
39.2
22.8
44.9
45.6
45.6
33.2
45.6
70.8
65.4
75.1
80.6
60,4
66.0
119.3
80.4
60.5
64.7
51.4
70.9
74.9
86.4
72.0
75.6
77.1
78.1
74.3
51.9
75.3
61.7
74.6
76.2
70.9
52.3
75.5
85.9
78.1
73.8
75.9
Dose Equlvalent(aren/y)
(Shielded)
Cosmic Terr. Total
27.8
27.1
26.6
31.3
27.5
26.8
47.5
26,4
26.3
26.4
26.2
27.6
26.3
36.8
27.4
27.6
28.3
29.2
27.7
26.6
26.8
26.4
26.4
27,6
28.5
26.6
27.6
36.3
29.3
36.6
27.3
25.6
22.5
29.2
29.2
19.1
23.2
42.6
32.7
20.1
22.7
14.3
25.7
29.2
29.2
26.6
28.7
29.2
29.2
27.8
14.6
29.2
20.7
29.0
29.2
25.1
14.6
28.7
29.2
29.2
21.2
29.2
53,4
49.7
55.7
60.7
46.6
50.0
90.1
59.1
46.3
49.0
40.4
53.3
55.5
65.9
54.0
56.3
57.5
58.4
55.6
40.8
55.9
47.1
55.4
56.7
53.6
41.2
56.3
65.5
58.5
57.8
56.5

-------
Table 1.  Average Dose Equivalents  by  state  (continued)
State
X«w Jersey
Mew Mexico
New York.
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Verso nc
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Mean
1970 Elevation
Population (meters)
7,168,158
1,016,002
13,241,270
5,082,058
617,757
10,652,018
2,559,250
2,091,386
11,793,905
949,722
2,590,515
666,253
3,924,174
11,196,73$
1,059,272
444,739
4,648,490
3,409,173
1,744,233
4,417,948
332,412
21
1575
64
23«
493
231
392
190
158
32
126
582
216
2*5
1381
180
16*4
125
3«5
2*9
1768
Dose Equivalencfajrein/y}
(Unshielded)
Cosmic Terr. Total
29. i
so.a
29.4
30.8
33.2
3a.s
32.2
30.5
30.2
29.2
29.9
34.1
30.7
31.2
46.4
30.3
30.3
29.9
32.2
30.9
56.0
43.8
52.6
45.1
38.1
45.6
43-3
45.0
45-6
36.3
42.
-------
     20
 -    15
 Mt

 I
 >   10
 s
 3
 §.
 a
            I    1
I    I   I   I
      SO
                                           10
                                           6  -
                                              I

                                              &
                                                    ,,   !
                                          100

                       Dose Equivalent (mrem/yr)
Figure 1.  Frequency Distribution of Dose Equivaient in the U.S. Population
                           (not corrected for shielding!

-------
                      llnw 6<
1   CiHiMtUii» lliiliilHiim
-------
          30
          2S -
          20 —
          10
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—






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                      Do$« Equivalent (m"em/yr)
Figure 3.  Frsquency D^tribution of Oosi Equivalent in thi U,S, Population
                             (correcrao for shielding)

-------
                               REFERENCES
<1«70)  Bennett, B.C. (1970), "Estimation  of  General  Absorbed  Dos*
  due Co Environmental Gamma  iadlation", Health Physics 19:757-67.

 (Ge7Q)  Seorge, H.J.  (1970)," New Data on  the Absolute Cosmic lay
  lonization in the Lower Atmosphere*".  J. Geophys Re* 75:3693-3705.

 (Jo81)  Johnson,  R..H. ,Jr., M.S. Nelson, A*S. Goldin, and T.F. Gesell ,
   (1981).  "Natural Radiation Quality of the Environment in the United
   States," presented at the Second Special Symposium on Natural
   Radiation Environment, January 19-23, 1981,  Bhabha Atomic Research
   Centre,  Bombay, India.

 (Ka63)   Ka«e*r, J., J.E. Rose,  and F.R. Shonka, (1963), "Huacle
   Equivalent Environmental Radiation Meter of  Extreme  Sensitivity-."
   Science  140:1100-1101 (1963),

 (Li75)   Liboff, A-R. (1975), "Co»mlc-Ray  lonization in the Lower
   Ataoiphere.,** ?• 55 in The Natural Eadlation  Envirotmeaeal II ,
   Adaaa, J.A.S.,  W.M. Louaar , ..... and~ T. Gesell," EdiitoW,  (U.S . Atomic
   Energy Comaisiion, Oak Ridge, Tenn.)

 (Loo6)   Lowder, «.H, and J.L. Beck, (1966), **Cos«ie-Ray loaization  in
   the Lo««r Ataosphere," J. Geophys*  Res. 71:4661.

 (NC3J75>   National Council on Radiation Protection and :-jeasureaenc
   (1975),  " Natural Background Radiation in the United  States", N'CH?
   Report  Mo. 45,  National Council on Radiation Protection and
   Meaaureacnt, 7910 Woodaont Avenue, Sethesda, Md. 20014.

         Oaklfiy, D.T. (1972), "Natural Radiation Exposure in the
   Uaited State*"*, QRP/SIO 72-1, Office of Radiation Prograas,
                 Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
 (0'3r70) O'Brien, K. and J.E. McLaughlia, (1970), "Calculation or
   Dose and Dose Equivalent Hates to Man in th* Ataosphere from
   Galactic Cosmic S*y»," USAEC Document HASL-228 (1970).

 (Ohb9)  Ohisen H. (1969) Sestinaauug der Hitti -rn Bevolkerungs-
   belastung durch Neturllche Au*sere Strahlung auf dea Sebiet dez
   DDR.  Staatliche Zentrale for Strahlenschutz, tteport Ho. SZS-14/69.

-------
                                  10

(SooQ)  Solon, L.I. (1960) "Dosiaetry of Matural Ionising Radiation."
  (Ph.D. Thesis) Maw York University, Hew York, N.Y.

(Yf70)  Yeates, D.B.» A.S. Coldin, and O.W. Hoeller, (1970)
  "iUdiation froo 'tacural Sources in the Urban Environment," Report
  He. HSW/IHS-70-2.  D«pt. of Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard
  School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. 02115.

-------
         Appendix A




Oo«* Eq-ivalent Vaiua Tables

-------

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   Local Ion
LYNCHBURG VA
NEWPORT NEWS VA
NORFOLK VA
PETERSBURG VA
RICHMOND VA
ROANOKE VA
WASH PC(VA)
VIRGINIA NU-CP
VIRGINIA NU-ttCF
rURTLAND WA-OR
SEATTLE WA
SPOKANE UA
TACOHA UA
UASHIHGTON NU
CHARLESTON WV
HUHt WV--KK-OH
STEUBENVL MV-OH
WHEELING MV-OH
WEST VA HU
APPLETDN HI
DULUTH Hi-HN
CREEN »AY  HI
KENOSHA Wl
I.A CROSSE  Ml  MN
HAD1SON HI
MILWAUKEE  Ul
OSHKOSH Ul
SAC INK Ul
WISCONSIN  HU
WYOHING NU
(Corrected for Shielding)
1 q 7 n
1 7 1 U
Popu la l Ion

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668259
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156621
715841
556040
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Doer Equivalent (mTvm/j)
(•etert) COBBJC Terre«tri«l

198
6
*
23
46
289
46
30
J7U

23
38
>60
76
176

183
172
218
198
433

219
186
180
186
198
262
186
229
192
295

1768
VIRGINIA
27.*
26.1
26.1
26.2
26.4
28. 1
26.4
26.2
28. 8
WASHINGTON
26.2
26.3
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26.6
27.1
VEST VIRGINIA
27.3
11 .2
27.6
27.4
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WISCONSIN
27.6
27 . J
27.3
27.3
27.4
27 .9
27. J
27.7
27.4
28.2
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29.2
12.5
12.5
14 .6
14.6
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29.2
29.2
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29.2
29.2

29.2
29.2
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29.2

29.2
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.2
29. 2

29.2
Total

56.6
38.6
38.5
40.8
40,9
57.3
49.0
40.8
58.0

55.4
55.5
57.9
55.7
56.5

56.5
56.4
66.)
71.5
56.5

56.8
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.6
57.1
56.5
56.9
56.6
57.4

79.6
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                                                                                       Equlv»lent
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 10345
 25J59
  4104
 I 7056
  6977
 35082
 22709
 98291
  4052
 68695
 1)292
 18537
 86706
  8910
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  2469
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  1849
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  4764
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-------
               i:: B




Corrections to Oki/blt  72-1

-------
                               Appendix B
Corrections to OIF/SIB 72-1
     Three errors were noted  in  ehe  histograms  of figure 13 of
Oakley's report (0*72) *   tee  of  these  was  oils placement of the
vertical axis for Rocky  Flats-Denver (Fig  IJq ).   This axis was
aisplaced on* scale division  to  the  left.   The  first noticeable
non-zero readings should be in the rang* 2 to 4 aiicroreais/hour, the
mod* should be in the  range 8-10 aicroreoui/hour,  and che arrow should
be located at 10*4 aicrorems/hour.

     flic other two error* w^re la the  placement of the arrows
indicating the aean values  for Cincinnati, Ohio,  (Fig* 13m) and Los
Angeles, California (Fig 13?)*   For  the convenience of the reader,
the location oi the mean values  for  the 22 histograas of Figure 13 in
(Oa72) are given as Table B-l:
                                    table  B-l

      Average terrestrial Dose Equivalent Values for insured Sites (Oa72)
     Location
aicrorems/
  hour
Location
siicr or ems/
  hour
 Ho. Hew  England
 So. Mew  England
 Caiaden/Philadelphia
 Fort  talvoir,  Va./D.C.
 Morfolk, Va.

 Parr,  S.f.
 Sav*  SUv/Augusta,  Ga.
 Cape  Kennedy-
        Orlando,  Fla.
 Ga. Muclear  Lab-
        Atlanta , Ga •

 Oak Ridge, Pa.
 Pittsburgh,  Pa.
 C  j.uinbus,  Chio
  5.33       Cincinnati, Ohio                4.05
  6.11       Chicago, 111.                   5.18
  2.70       Minneapolis, Minn.              4,21
  4.12       Calveston, Texas                2.26
  3.09       Rocky Plats-Denver, Colo.      10.23

  3.76       Albuquerque, N.M,               7.34
  3.89       Carlsbad N.M.                   2.93

  1.51       MES-ldahQ Falls,  Idaho         o.35

  6.61       Las Vegas, Nevada               3.35

  5.95       Hanfori- liichlaad, Wash.        5.87
  5*48       San Franciso, Calif.            4.78
  5.73       Arguello-Santa Barbara, Calif.  5.44
             Los Angeles. Calif.             6.00
                                   3  "

-------