SWRHL-87r
FINAL REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE
FOR PEWEE 1, EXPERIMENTAL PLANS II AND III
NOVEMBER 21 AND DECEMBER 4, 1968
by
Environmental Surveillance
Western Environmental Research Laboratory
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Published September 1971
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the Nevada Operations Office
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
-------
"This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United
States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States
Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their
contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty,
express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
for the accuracy, or process disclosed, or represents that its use
would not infringe privately-owned rights."
Available from the National Technical Information Service,
U. S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, VA. 22151
Price: paper copy $3.00; microfiche $.95.
Oil!
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SWRHL-87r
FINAL REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE
FOR PEWEE 1, EXPERIMENTAL PLANS II AND III
NOVEMBER 21 AND DECEMBER 4, 1968
by
Environmental Surveillance
Western Environmental Research Laboratory*
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Published September 1971
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the Nevada Operations Office
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
*Fonnerly part of the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Public Health Service, Environmental Health Service, Environmental Control
Administration, Bureau of Radiological Health.
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ABSTRACT
In accordance with Memorandum of Understanding SF 54 373 with the Atomic
Energy Commission", the Western Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL)
performed radiological monitoring and sampling in off-site areas after the
testing of the Pewee 1 reactor through Experimental Plans (EP's) II and
III, conducted on November 21 and December 4, respectively, at Test Cell C,
Nuclear Ibcket Development Station. No radioactivity was released during
Experimental Plan I.
Following EP II, airborne radioactivity was detected by aircraft, but
was not detected off-site on the ground by thermoluminescent dosimeters
(TLD's) and Geiger-Mueller (GM) survey instruments or in air, vegetation
and milk samples.
The radioactive effluent from EP III was found by aircraft and off-site
surveillance to have moved east-southeast from the test area as far as
northwestern New Mexico. The effluent was not detected off-site by TLD's
131 132 133
or GM survey instruments; however, low levels of I, Te-I and I
were detected on natural vegetation and air samples. Air samples which
contained reactor-related radioactivity were collected in southeastern
Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Colorado, northern Arizona, and
northwestern New Mexico. Emissions from reactor pulse-cool-down operations
and possibly portions of the main reactor cloud transported south by the
evening drainage winds were also detected by air samplers located in
southeastern California and Nevada. The maximum calculated thyroid dose
from the inhalation of airborne radioiodine, based on air sampling results,
occurred at Las Vegas, Nevada, where the postulated child thyroid dose
was less than one mrad.
-------
PREFACE
In accordance with Memorandum of Understanding SF-54-373, the
Western Environmental ^search Laboratory (WERL) provides an off-site
radiological safety program for the Atomic Energy Commission in support
of nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and at the
Nuclear Rocket Development Station (NRDS), which lies adjacent to NTS.
In this capacity WEEL is responsible for the following during reactor
tests:
1. Documenting the radiological situation in off-site areas
through comprehensive environmental sampling and radiation
monitoring.
2. Assuring continuous protection of public health and safety
by determining potential and past exposures to radioactivity,
and implementing protective measures as directed by the Test
Manager, AEC.
3. Conducting a public contact and information program in the
off-site area to assure local residents that all reasonable
safeguards are being employed to protect public health and
property from radiation hazards.
4. Collecting information regarding incidents which may be
attributed to radioactive releases to the off-site area.
The off-site areas are those outside the boundaries of NTS, NRDS,
the Tonopah Test Range, and the Nell is Air Force Range, which together
are identified in this report as the Test Range Complex.
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
ABSTRACT i
PREFACE ii
LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES iv
INTRODUCTION 1
PROCEDURES 2
EP II RESULTS 4
Ground Monitoring 4
Air Sampling 4
Environmental Sampling 4
EP III RESULTS 7
Ground Monitoring 7
Air Sampling 7
Environmental Sampling 10
CONCLUSIONS 12
APPENDIX A. Equipment and Analytical Techniques 13
APPENDIX B. Calculations of Thyroid Dose 20
APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results 23
DISTRIBUTION
111
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page No.
Figure 1. EP II Ground Monitoring and Environmental Sampling Locations 5
Figure 2. EP III Ground Monitoring Locations 8
Figure 3. EP III Air Sampling Locations 9
Figure 4. EP III Environmental Sampling Locations 11
Figure 5. Permanent Gamma Exposure-rate Recorder Locations 14
Figure 6. Film Badge and Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Network 16
Figure 7. Air Surveillance Network Locations 17
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Pewee 1 Test Series - 1968
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INTRODUCTION
The Pewee 1 nuclear reactor test series was composed of three experi-
mental plans conducted at Test Cell C, Nuclear Rocket Development
Station (NRDS). Airborne radioactivity released from the execution of
Experimental Plans (EP) II and III was detected beyond the boundaries
of the' Test Range Complex. To document the effect that these releases
had on off-site environmental levels of radioactivity, the Western
Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL) conducted radiological monitor-
ing and sampling in off-site areas. This report summarizes the monitor-
and sampling techniques which were used and presents the results. The
aerial monitoring and sampling missions of the U-3A and WERL aircraft
are reported separately, as is the special study on reactor-released
particles of high specific radioactivity.
The Pewee 1 reactor was developed and tested by the Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory as part of Project Rover, which is administered by the Space
Nuclear Systems Office. The engine was designed to operate at full
power of 500 Mw to test fuel elements at the high temperatures and
hydrogen coolant velocities of larger reactors which can be used for
rocket vehicle application. The nozzle of the Pewee reactor was directed
upward ejecting the radioactive effluent to several thousands of feet
above the ground. Table 1 lists the date, time, and integrated power
for each experimental plan (information obtained from Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory).
Table 1. Pewee 1 Test Series - 1968
EP
I
II
III
Date
Nov 15
Nov 21
Dec 4
Time
(PST)
1054 -
1358 -
1332 -
1750
1415
1435
Peak
Power
(Mw)
^ io"3
^500
^500
Integrated Power
*
2.47
1.47
(Mw- sec)
x IO5
x IO6
Reactor only critical for neutronic instrument calibration and flow tests.
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PROCEDURES
Prior to a reactor test at the NRDS, mobile monitoring personnel
(monitors) are positioned at populated locations and on existing
highways crossing the predicted effluent trajectory to measure radiation
levels and collect environmental samples should airborne radioactivity be
released. The monitors are equipped with radiation survey instruments,
gamma-rate recorders, thermoluminescent dosimeters, portable air samplers,
and supplies for collecting environmental samples. All personnel are in
two-way radio contact with a control center which directs their activities.
Following a release of radioactivity, pertinent characteristics of the
effluent are determined by aerial monitoring. A U.S. Air Force U-3A
aircraft defines the boundaries and hot-line of the radioactive cloud,
and a WERL Turbo-Beech is used to perform cloud sampling, monitoring and
other documentative missions, as required. All tracking data are
radioed immediately to the control center. This information, in con-
junction with meteorological and on-site monitoring information, is used
in directing the placement of portable air samplers, portable recorders,
TLD's, and ground monitors.
Following the passage of the effluent, levels of environmental radioactivity
are documented by sampling and monitoring. Monitors take radiation readings
in the affected areas and collect vegetation, milk, cow feed, and water
samples. Highways crossing the effluent trajectory are also monitored by
a mobile scanner of high sensitivity for gamma radiation to measure the
boundaries of any radioactive deposition on the ground.
Further details on equipment, procedures, and analysis techniques are given
in Appendix A.
-------
For those tests where reactors are operated near full-power, a search
is made to locate, collect, and analyze particles of high specific
radioactivity which are deposited on the ground downwind of the tests.
The results of these studies are reported separately.
-------
EP II RESULTS
Ground Monitoring
According to early trajectory information provided by the U-3A and
Turbo-Beech aircraft, radioactive effluent moved south-southeast from
Test Cell C at approximately 160° azimuth, at a speed of approximately
5 mph. The northern and southern edges were generally along the 140
and 180° azimuths, respectively. Based on this information and weather
predictions, it was determined that the effluent cloud would cross
Highway 95 between Lathrop Wells and the Mercury turnoff. Ten
ground monitors equipped with survey instruments and gamma exposure-
rate recorders were stationed along Highway 95 from 10 miles west of
Lathrop Wells, Nevada (208 , 15 miles), to Indian Springs, Nevada
(117 , 38 miles). Ten exposure-rate recorders were placed along
Highway 95 at 5-mile intervals from 10 miles west of Lathrop Wells to
40 miles east of Lathrop Wells. Each recorder contained two thermo-
luminescent dosimeters (TLD's). The recorders located at 5 and 25
miles east of Lathrop Wells failed to operate. However, the TLD's
at these locations, as well as the eight other recorders and their
TLD's, detected no exposures above background. Ground monitors observed
no exposures above background on their survey instruments. The locations
of the ground monitors and/or recorders are shown in Figure 1.
Air Sampling
In addition to the routinely operated Air Surveillance Network (ASN)
stations, four portable air samplers were placed at 10 miles west and
10, 20, and 30 miles east of Lathrop Wells. The portable samplers were
operated for a period of two hours beginning about one and one-half
hours after the completion of the test. No airborne radioactivity
related to the reactor test was collected by any of the air samplers.
Environmental Sampling
Environmental sampling for Pewee 1, EP II, involved the collection of
natural vegetation and milk samples. Vegetation samples were taken at
all but two exposure-rate recorder and air sampler locations. Additional
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TEST CELL C
LATHROP WELLS
(recorder failure)
• BACKGROUND READING WITH RM-11
D BACKGROUND READING, PORTABLE RECORDERS
- NEGATIVE VEGETATION RESULTS
•JT NEGATIVE MILK RESULTS
*
' SHOSHONE
MERCURY
(recorder fa ilure)
INDIAN
SPRINGS
PAHRUMP
Figure 1. EP II Ground Monitoring and Environmental Sampling Locations
5
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vegetation samples and three milk samples were collected in California
and Nevada. None of the environmental samples contained any reactor-
related radioactivity. Sampling locations are shown in Figure 1.
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EP III RESULTS
Ground Monitoring
According to early trajectory information provided by the U-3A and
Turbo-Beech aircraft, radioactive effluent moved east-southeast from
Test Cell C at approximately 110° azimuth and at a speed of approximately
10 mph. The northern and southern edges were generally along the 90
and 120° azimuths, respectively. Based on this information and weather
predictions, it was determined that the effluent cloud would pass between
the junction of Highways 93 and 7 and Las Vegas, Nevada. Ground monitors
equipped with survey instruments and gamma exposure-rate recorders were
deployed to various locations in this general trajectory. Each recorder
contained two TLD's. No positive results were obtained from the TLD's,
recorders, or survey instruments. Locations of ground monitors, portable
recorders, and permanent RM-11 stations are shown in Figure 2.
Air Sampling
To supplement the routinely operated ASN Stations, eight temporary air samplers
were operated at off-site locations which were expected to contact the
effluent from the test or from pulse-cool-down operations. Five samplers
were operated within the Amargosa Farm Area southwest of Lathrop Wells and
three samplers were used at Cactus Springs, Butler Ranch (an abandoned
ranch 32 miles south of Alamo, Highway 93), and Apex Junction (Jet. Highways
93 and 15). Figure 3 shows the locations of the ASN and portable air
sampling stations which were positive for the reactor effluent. As indicated
by this figure, the reactor effluent traveled to the east-southeast where
it was detected in air samples collected in southern Utah, northern Arizona,
southwestern Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico. Emissions from reactor
pulse-cool-down operations and possibly portions of the main reactor cloud
1A process of removing reactor decay heat by periodic pulses of liquid or
gaseous hydrogen. For this test, pulses of coolant were required until
4.7 days after shutdown. (Information obtained from Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory)
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WARM SPRINGS
FALLINI'S RANCH
NYALA
••
CLARK STATION
TONOPAH
DIABLO
ALAMO
TESr CELL C
LATHROP WELLS
,1
INDIAN SPRINGS
DEATH VALLEY
JCT.
CACTUS SPRINGS
PAHRUMP
LAS VEGAS
SHOSHONE
A BACKGROUND READINGS ON GM SURVEY
INSTRUMENTS AND/OR PORTABLE RECORDERS
BACKGROUND READING ON PERMANENT
RM-11 RECORDERS
PIOCHE
CALIENTE
MESQUITE|
MOAPA
X
GLEN DALE
I
\
Figure 2. EP III Ground Monitoring Locations
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a
D
a
Qa Son
a DD
n CALIENTE D
\ ° a
\ TEST CELL C
D
a
AMARGOSA
LONE PINE m FARM AREA
DEATH VALLEY JCT
SHOSHONE
RIDGECREST B
LA™DWAENLLS "WARM SPRINGS RANCH
uainLMAN _. -ppy i/~T
SPRINGS flf^tA JOT'
VAHRUMP" LAs VEGAS
SELIGMAN
SCALE IN MILES
• MILFORD
• PAROWAN
•
ENTERPRISE
a
I MONTICELLO
1
WINSLOW
DURANGO
ALBUQUERQUE
POSITIVE AIR SAMPLING RESULTS
NEGATIVE AIR SAMPLING RESULTS
Figure 3. EP III Air Sampling Locations
9
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transported south by the evening drainage winds were also detected by
air samplers located in Nevada and California, south and southwest of
Test Cell C.
All positive air sampling results are shown in Appendix C. The radio-
131
isotopes identified in the samples were various combinations of I,
132Te-I, 133I and 141Ce. From these results the maximum exposure to
airborne radioiodine occurred at Las Vegas, Nevada. The child-thyroid
dose which corresponds to the concentrations at this location was esti-
mated to be less than one mrad by the method given in Appendix B.
Environmental Sampling
Positive samples of natural vegetation were collected along Highway 95
between Cactus Springs and Las Vegas and along Highway 93 and 15 and a
point 30 miles south of Alamo. Isotopic analyses on these samples
indicated the presence of I, Te-I, and I in various combinations.
Milk, cow feed, and water samples collected after the test over two con-
secutive days at Moapa, Mesquite, Las Vegas, and the Amargosa Farm Area
near Lathrop Wells all yielded negative results for reactor-related
radioactivity. Environmental sampling locations are shown in Figure 4.
Positive or negative designations indicate the presence or absence of
reactor-related activity in the corresponding samples.
10
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DEATH VALLEY
JCT.
PAHRUMP
LAS VEGAS
SHOSHONE
MESQUITE
GLEN DALE
10 20 30 40 50
-W"-'V—
Scale in Miles
• POSITIVE VEGETATION RESULTS
D NEGATIVE VEGETATION RESULTS
NEGATIVE MILK, FEED AND WATER RESULTS
Figure 4. EP III Environmental Sampling Locations
11
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CONCLUSIONS
Although detected over the test site by the cloud tracking aircraft,
the activity of the Pewee 1, EP II., effluent was below detectable
limits at ground level in the off-site area. Aerial monitoring results
indicated that the maximum activity was 0.4 mR/h at 6600 feet above
the ground at 15 miles from Test Cell C. This high rise of the effluent
together with the low levels of radioactivity at this altitude explain
why the effluent was not detectable on the ground.
As in EP II, the high rise of the EP III effluent resulted in no radio-
activity in the off-site area that could be detected by survey instru-
ments and dosimeters on the ground. However, activity was found on
natural vegetation and air samples. The estimated maximum child-thyroid
dose from inhalation was less than one mrad. This dose was calculated
from air sampling results at Las Vegas, Nevada, and is well below the
guidelines set by the Atomic Energy Commission Manual, Chapter 0524,
"Standards for Radiation Protection."
12
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APPENDIX A
Equipment and Analytical Techniques
Survey Instruments
The aircraft and ground monitors are equipped with Geiger-Mueller,
gamma scintillation, and ionization chamber survey instruments. The
Geiger-Mueller (GM) instrument has a range of 0-200 mR/h on four linear
scales with a range of 0-2000 mR/h provided by an internal GM detector.
The gamma scintillation instrument, used for low-level cloud passage
measurements, has a range of 0-3 mR/h on four linear scales. The
ionization chamber survey instrument is used for high radiation levels.
It has a range of 0.05 to 50,000 mR/h on two logarithmic scales. These
137
instruments are calibrated with Cs and are generally accurate to
+ 20% with regard to this calibration. Exposure-rate readings are read
to two significant digits.
Mobile Ground Scanner
The mobile ground scanner consists of a 4- by 4-inch Nal(Tl) crystal
connected to a battery-powered sealer. The scanner and crystal are placed
within a motor vehicle and operated by taking one-minute counts at pre-
selected intervals while the vehicle moves at a fixed speed along highways
crossing the effluent trajectory. These data are then compared with back-
ground levels determined prior to tests to identify any deposition pattern.
Gamma-Exposure-Rate Recorders
A network of 27 continuously operated gamma-exposure-rate recorders
(Eberline M-ll) are located around the Test Range Complex at the
locations shown in Figure 5. These instruments measure radiation exposure-
rates over a range of 0.01 to 100 mR/h with a Geiger-Mueller detector
and record the levels on a 30-hour strip chart. The instrument is accurate
to + 20% as calibrated with a Cs source.
13
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w
fl
o
•H
4-1
cfl
O
O
M
O
O
&
-------
Portable gamma-'exposure-rate recorders carried by monitors utilize
the same 0-2000 mR/h Geiger-Mueller survey instrument mentioned above
coupled to a battery-powered strip-chart recorder. These recorders are
used to supplement the routine network of gamma-exposure-rate recorders
and the radiation readings taken by monitors. The enclosure for each
recorder also contains two TLD's of the type described below.
Dosimeters
A network of film badges and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's)
surrounding the Test Range Complex is operated continuously. This
network, shown in Figure 6, consists of 106 stationary film badge
stations with 5 badges at each location. Additionally, about 140
off-site residents are provided with one badge each. The badges
contain Dupont Type 545 film, which is calibrated with a Cs source.
The film has a lower detection limit of 30 mR with a reading accuracy
of + 50% from 30 mR to 100 mR and + 10% from 100 to 2000 mR for gamma
radiation above 50 keV. In addition, 88 of the stationary stations
are each equipped with three EG&G Model TL-12 thermoluminescent dosi-
meters. The minimum sensitivity of the TLD is approximately 1 mR.
The TLD system (TLD and reader) is capable of detecting exposures up
to 5000 R. The TLD system is
an overall accuracy of + 10%.
137
to 5000 R. The TLD system is calibrated with a Cs source and has
Following nuclear tests which release airborne radioactivity, additional
TLD's are placed at intervals along highways crossing the effluent tra-
jectory and at populated locations to supplement the monitoring coverage
of the routine dosimetry network.
Air Samples
The routine network of 103 permanent air samplers of the Air Surveillance
Network (ASN) is used for measuring concentrations of airborne radio-
activity on a daily basis. These samplers (Figure 7) operate at about 10 cfm,
15
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D 5 FB STATION
• 3 TLD AND 5 FB STATION
Figure 6. Film Badge and Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Network
16
-------
M SPRINGS®--^ ^
\~f^
mONOP
-------
collecting airborne particles on 4-inch diameter glass-fiber filters.
Twenty-two of the samplers at stations next to the Test Range Complex
each operate routinely with a 4-inch diameter charcoal cartridge follow-
ing the particulate filter. By telephone request, charcoal cartridges
can be placed in remaining stations and stand-by stations can be activated.
Portable air samplers carried by field monitors supplement the ASN
stations to cover cloud passage. These samplers also use 4-inch diameter
glass-fiber filters and charcoal cartridges and operate at about 12 cfm.
All particulate filters are counted for gross beta radioactivity on a
low background, thin-window, proportional counter. Results are reported
3 3
in pCi/m and yCi-sec/m , extrapolated to end of collection time. Those
particulate filters containing reactor-related radioactivity and all
charcoal cartridges are analyzed by gamma spectrometry with a 4- by 4-inch
Nal(Tl) crystal and multi-channel analyzer. The concentrations of
3 3
individual radioisotopes are reported in pCi/m and yCi-sec/m , extra-
polated to end of collection. For gross beta and radioiodine radio-
3
activity collected from 300m of air the minimum detectable activity
(MDA) is 0.1 pCi/m for counting times of 2 minutes, and 10 minutes,
respectively.
Vegetation Samples
Following cloud passage, samples of natural vegetation are collected
along highways and at populated locations to augment or substantiate
other evidence of the radioactive deposition pattern. The samples are
counted for gross gamma radioactivity and are qualitatively analyzed
by gamma spectrometry to determine whether or not they contain test-
related radioactivity.
Samples of cow feed are collected at all milk sampling locations and
18
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are analyzed by gamma spectrometry. The concentrations of individual
radioisotopes identified in the samples ace reported in pCi/kg if
greater than the MDA of 50 pCi/kg for a 10-minute count and sample
weight of 1 kg.
Milk Samples
One-gallon milk samples are collected from dairy farms and family milk
cows located within the cloud path. Samples of 3.5 liters are analyzed
by gamma spectrometry techniques. The lower limit of detection for
131 133
I and I is about 20 pCi/1 for a 20-minute counting time. Samples
containing test-related radioactivity are also analyzed by radiochemistry
techniques fo:
respectively.
89 90
techniques for Sr and Sr, which have MDA's of 5 pCi/1 and 2 pCi/1,
Water Samples
One-gallon water samples are collected from stock tanks and potable
water sources at milk sampling locations within the effluent trajectory.
All samples are analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Those samples containing
test-related radioactivity are also analyzed by radiochemistry methods
89 90
for Sr and Sr. The minimum detectable concentrations are the same
as those for milk.
19
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APPENDIX B
Calculations of Thyroid Dose
The dose rate to the thyroid may be described by the equation
dD/dt = K E A exp - (A t) where:
dD/dt = dose rate per unit time
K = dimensional constant
E = effective energy of beta and gamma radiation,
MeV per disintegration
A = concentration of radioiodine in thyroid,
yCi/g
A = effective decay constant, I/unit time
t = time after deposition in thyroid
This assumes that the radioiodine is uniformly distributed throughout the
thyroid and that the size of the thyroid is large compared to the range
of the beta particles.
The total dose is estimated by integrating the above equation from time
zero to infinity assuming D = 0 at time zero.
D = KEA f exp -(A _.t) dt
o ef f
D = (-lAeff) KEA
D = 0 + KEA/A
ef r
Dose from Inhalation of Radioiodines
131
The actual values for the parameters in the dose equation for I
are as follows:
K = _ 1 rad x erg ___ x 3.7x10 dis x 8.64x10 sec
100 erg/g 6.24X1013 MeV yCi-sec " day
K = 51. 2 rad- g- dis
MeV-uCi-day
20
-------
E = 0.23 Meva
A = xBf, where:
m
X - time-integrated concentration of radioactivity,
pCi' sec/m-^
B = breathing rate of standard man, 2.32 x 10~4m3/seca
(averaged over 24 hours)
f = fraction of inhaled radioiodine reaching the
thyroid, 0.23 (11)
m = thyroid weight of standard man, 20 g
HL!r
20 g
A = (2.32 x 10 4m3/sec)(Q.23)Y
A ff = 0.693/(effective half-life for 131I)
eft
X = (0.693)/7.6 days (a)
Substituting these parameters, the dose equation becomes:
D = (51.2)(0.23)(2.32 x 10~4)(0.23)(7.6)x
(20)(0.693)
D(rads) = (3.45 x 10~ rads-m )x (yCi-sec)
( uCi-sec) ( "m3 )
3
or, D(mrad) = (0.35 mrad-m )x (uCi'sec)
( pCi-sec) (m3)
For the dose to a child's thyroid the above equation must be multiplied by
a factor of 3 to account for differences in thyroid weight and breathing
3 33
rates (m /day) between an adult and a child (3 = 20 g/2 g x 6 m /2Q m ).
For other radioiodines the dose equation changes according to differences
in effective half-life and effective decay energies. The dose equations
I TQ 135
for I and I are as follows:
a"Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological
Protection Report of Committee II on Permissible Dose for Internal
Radiation." ICRP-2. Pergamon Press, New York, London, Paris,
Los Angeles, 1959. 21
-------
Ij3i, D(rarac) = (0.093 mrad-m3)x
\iCi' sec)
3
, D(mrad) = (0.029 mrad-ni )X
yCi-sec)
In addition to differences in effective half-life and effective beta
132
particle energies, the dose equation for I is effected by the rapid
100
decay of I in the blood stream before it gets to the thyroid and by
the decay of inhaled Te to I. With these effects incorporated,
132
the dose equation for I becomes
-2 3
D(mrad) = (5.1 x 10 mrad-m /yCi-sec)x
132
where x is the time-integrated concentration of Te.
a. "Protection of the Public in the Event of Radiation Accidents."
Proceedings of a seminar sponsored by FAO/UN, 1 AEA, and World
Health Organization on 18 November, 1963 at Geneva, Switzerland,
1965. p. 210.
b. LeGrand, J. and Dousset, M. "Evolution DuDebit D'Equivalent De
Dose Deliveree A La Glande Thyroide Agres Inhalation Instantanee
De Tellure 132 (French)." Health Physics Vol. 12, No. 10
October, 1966. p. 1407.
22
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APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
Caliente^ Nevada 0630
061 111 0800
0800
0830
0830
1000
Indian Springs^Nev 0900
117 38 0900
0900
0900
0900
0900
0900
0900
0900
0900
DATE SAMPLING
on PERIOD*
off (hours)
12/4 25.4
12/5
12/5 24.0
12/6
12/6 25.5
12/7
12/4 24.0
12/5
12/5 24.0
12/6
12/6 24.0
12/7
12/7 24.0
12/8
12/8 24.1
12/9
TIME- DATE
OF GAMMA
SCAN
9
1620
9
1637
9
1512
9
1738
9
1512
9
1658
9
0917
29
1924
11
1505
17
2215
11
1344
29
1920
17
2035
29
1935
12
1820
28
1335
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
IpCiAn^ )_
OuCi- sec/m3)
0.4
0.04
4.7
0.40
LT10.21 .
3.7
0.32
19
1.6
20
1 .7
3.4
0.29
1.4
0.12
ISOTOPIC RESULTS (pCi/m3)/(aCi-
131
I
ND
ND
0.3
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
U8
0.16
NJD
0^9
0.08
ND
0.3
0.03
ND
0.1
0.009
ND
132 133
Te I
ND
ND
1.2
0.10
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
_ £..2 _ _
0.77
.ND_
-1..S
0. 3?
ND
0.9
0.08
ND
0.5
0.04
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
JSTD_
ED_
UD_
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
135
I
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
_ JJD
-SD_
_ ML. _
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
sec/m^)
141
Ce
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
_ HO-
ED
_ 1JD_
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
APPENDIX C, EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
^C0ntndian Springs, Nev 0900
117 38 0900
Las Vegas, Nevada 1100
128 82 0800
0300
OSOO
0800
0800
0800
0800
Apex, Nevada 1718
Junction Hwy. 93/15
110 83 1200
Lathrop Wells, Nevada 1645
208 15 0640
0640
0640
DATE
on
off
12/9
12/10
12/4
12/5
12/5
12/6
12/6
12/9
12/9
12/10
12/4
12/5
12/3
12/5
12/5
12/6
SAMPLING TIME- DATE
PERIOD* OF GAMMA
(hours) SCAN
17
24.1 2152
17
2145
5
21.0 1121
6
2030
8
24.0 1335
10
1128
9
72.0 1041
29
2022
17
24.0 2057
10
1830
6
18.7 1315
5
1535
5
38.1 1828
5
1738
11
23.9 1505
10
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
duCi- sec/nP)
1.5
0.13
0.2
0.02
63
5.5
5.0
1.3
0.8
O.C 7
97
6.5
77
10
3.9
0.34
ISOTOPIC
131
I
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.1
0.18
1.3
0.11
0.6
0.15
ND
ND
ND
0.6
0.04
ND
0.9
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.3
0.03
ND
RESULTS
132
Te
ND
ND
ND
ND
10
0.86
ND
2.8
0.72
ND
ND
ND
5.3
0.36
ND
5.3
0.73
ND
2.0
0.17
ND
(pCi/m3)/(JuCi.sr:c/ni-3;
133
I
ND
ND
ND
ND
7.0
0.60
ND
0.4
0.1
ND
ND
ND
8.6
0.58
0.7
0.05
0.7
0.1
4.9
0.67
ND
ND
135
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
CP
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
"ND"""
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
APPENDIX G. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION
Azimuth
Distance
(cont)
Lathrop We 11s, Nevada
208 15
Lathrop
Cop el and
208
Well s , Nevada
Ranch
26
Lathrop Well s^ Nevada
Henderson Ranch
286 25
Lathrop Wells^Nevada
Tracy Smith Ranch
297 26
Lathrop Wells.,Nevada
John Mills Ranch
219 19
TIME
on
off
0650
0915
0915
0115...
0715
0745
0745
0645
1420
1225
1445
1134
1430
1210
1407
1240
DATE SAMPLING
on PERIOD*
off (hours)
12/6 26.3
12/7
12/7 22.0
12/8
12/8 24.3
12/9
12/9 23.0
12/10
12/4 22.2
12/5
12/4 20.6
12/5
12/4 21.6
12/5
12/4 22.6
12/5
TIME- DATE
OF GAMMA
SCAN
X
X
28
1555
17
2018
28
1500
12
1820
28
1250
17
2152
17
2055
5
1825
5
1737
5
1825
5
1737
5
1841
5
1745
5
1841
5
__1724
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
_(PCi/m2 _ )_
GaCi- sec/ni3)
0.9
0.08"
2.5
0.19
0.9
0.08
0.9
0.08
82
5.8
87
6.5
86
6.7
30
2.5
ISOTOPIC
131
I
RESULTS
132
Te
(PCi/m3)
133
I
/(uCi
135
I
• sec/irP)
141
Ce
No Gamma Scan
ND
ND
ND
0.1
0.009
ND
ND
ND
2.0
0.16
1.4
0.11
2.3
0.17
1.9
0.14
0.9
0.07
0.9
0.07
0^9
0.07
0.8
0.065
,
ND
ND
ND
0.4
rO.O~3
ND
ND
ND
11
.88
ND
15
1.1
ND
8.6
0.67
ND
7.6
0.62
ND
ND
ND
ND
NTT "~
ND
ND
ND
11
.88
7.3
0.58
13
0.96
13
0.96
6.3
0.49
5.5
0.43
5.9
0.48
3.8
0.31
^JU
ND
ND
ND
ND
ftD
~"ND"
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NTT"""
ND
--- Ni)
NTT
NTT
— W '
ND
NTT"
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-------
APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
Mesquite^, Nevada 1600
091 123 0800
0800
0800
0800
0800
0800
0800
0800
0800
0800
0800
Warm Springs R§gch, 0700
OQ5 87 0700
0700
0700
DATE
on
off
12/4
12/5
12/5
12/6
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
12/9
12/10
12/4
12/5
12/5
12/6
SAMPLING TIME- DATE
PERIOD* OF GAMMA
(hours) SCAN
9
16.2 0917
17
2305
11
24.0 1523
17
2233
11
24.0 1415
28
1300
17
24.0 2018
X
X
12
24.0 1805
X
X
17
23.0 2133
X
X
9
24.0 0935
28
0840
11
24.0 1523
17
2330
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA ISOTOPIC
>CiAn£ _ )_
(MCi-sec/nP)
LT(0.2)
1.9
0.17
9.8
0,85
4.0
0.34
4^o_G€ -rua
1.7
0.15
No CC run
1.6
0.14
No CC run
0.7
0.06
5.9
0.51
131
I
ND
ND
0.7
ND
1.7
0.06
ND
0.4
0.03 -
0.3
0.03
ND
ND '
ND
0.4
0.03
ND
RESULTS
132
Te
ND
ND
ND
0.06
ND
7.5
0.2
ND
1.0
0.09
0.9
0.08
ND
ND
ND
1.7
0.15
ND
(pCi/m3)/(Lici-scc./i.,:>)
133
I
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ML)
ND
ND
ND
135 141
I Cc
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND
ND 0.1
'0.009
ND ND
Ml)
ND
ND
ND
-------
APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION
Azimuth
Warm Springs
(cont)
095
Pahrump }
158
TIME
on
Distance off
Ranch, Nevada 0700
87 0700
0700
-OZQIL,
0700
0700
Nevada 1000
46 0915
0915
0800
0800
0900
0900
DATE
on
off
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/9
12/9
12/4
12/6
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
SAMPLING TIME- DATE
PERIOD * OF GAMMA
(hours) SCAN
10
24.0 2110
28
X
24.0 X
29
1731
12
24.0 1745
28
17
24.0 2133
17
2055
X
46.5 X
10
1009
11
22.8 1400
29
1842
17
25.2 1957
28
1300
12
24.0 1805
'X
_X
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
duCi- sec/m3)
6.7
.58
1.4
0.12
1.0
0.08
3.8
0.33
0.8
0.1
3.8
0.31
2.4
0.22
0.4
0.03
No cc run
IS OT OP 1C
131
I
0.4
0.03
ND
RESULTS
132
Te
1.6
0.14
ND
(pCi/m3)
133
I
ND
ND
/0-Ci'S
135
I
ND
ND
141
Ce
ND
ND
No Gamma Scan
ND
0.3
0.03
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
0.7
0.06
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
No Gamma Scan
ND
0.4
0.03
ND
0.1
0.009
ND
ND
ND
1.0
0.08
ND
0.8
0.07
ND
0.3
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
~ND
ND
ND
-------
APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
Pahrump^ Nevada (cont) 1000
158 46 1000
Seligman^ Arizona 0700
119 217 0700
0700
0700
0700
0700
Winslow^ Arizona 0800
112 336 1155
1200
1155
1200
1155
1200
1155
DATE
on
off
12/9
12/10
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
12/5
12/6
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
SAMPLING TIME- DATE
PERIOD * OF GAMMA
(hours) SCAN
X
23.6 X
X
X
X
24.0 X
28
1520
17
24.0 1923
X
X
X
24.0 X
X
X
8
28.0 1410
10
1300
10
24.0 2053
28
1400
17
24.0 1923
X
XL
17
24.0 2038
X
X
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
Jl^siTn?
0.6
0.05
3.2
0.27
.06
0.05
LT (0 . 1)
1.9
0.16
4.8
0.41
4.4
0.38
ISOTOPIC RESULTS (pCi/m3)/Q£i. sec/n3j.
) 131 132 133 135 141
) I Te I I Ce
No Gamma Scan
No CC Run
PF not received
ND ND ND ND ND
0.3 1.2 ND ND ND
0.03 0.1
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
0.1 0.5 ND ND ND
0.009 0.04
ND ND ND ND ND
0.4 2.1 ND ND ND
0.03 0.18
No CC run
ND 0.8 ND ND ND
0.007
No CC run
-------
APPENDIX C, EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
Winslow, Arizona (cont) 1200
1155
Barstow, California 0700
197 140 0700
0800
£o 0800
0700
0700
0700
0700
Death Valley Jet., Calif. 0720
192 38 0700
0700
0700
Lone Pine, Calif 1300
?61 TOO 1300
DATE
on
off
12/9
12/10
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
12/9
12/10
12/4
12/5
12/5
12/6
12/5
12/6
SAMPLING TIME- DATE
PERIOD* OF GAMMA
(hours) SCAN
17
24.0 2133
X
X
X
24.0 X
X
X
12
24.0 1840
X
X
12
24.0 1745
X
X
17
24.2 2020
X
X
11
23.8 1630
28
1250
X
24.0 X
10
1128
X
24.0 X
X
x
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
JjpCi/iP _ )_
(juCi'sec/niS)
1.5
"0.13"
0.2
O.D2
1.3
0.11
1.5
0.13
.8
0.07
13
1.1
2.5
272
0.2
0.02
ISOTOPIC RESULTS (pCi/m3)/(MCi- sec/m^)
131 132 133 135 141
I Te I I Ce
ND ND ND ND ND
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
0.1 0.5 ND ND ND
0.009 0.04
No CC run
0.1 0.4 ND ND ND
0.009 0.03
No CC run
ND ND ND ND ND
No CC run
ND 0.5 ND ND ND
0.04
ND ND ND ND ND
No Gamma Scan
ND ND ND ND ND
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
-------
APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
Lone Pine , Calif (cont) 1300
261 100 1300
1300
1300
Needles, California 1508
146 167 1712
0713
0929
0930
0724
Ridgecrest, Calif 1218
223 113 1333
1333
1142
1145
1405
DATE
on
off
12/6
12/9
12/9
12/10
12/4
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
SAMPLING TIME- DATE
PERIOD * OF GAMMA
(hours) SCAN
17
72.0 2149
X
X
X
24.0 X
X
X
12
64.0 1710
X
X
17
26.2 2038
X
X
X
20.9 X
X
X
X
25.3 X
X
X
12
22.1 1840
X
X
X
26.5 X
X
X
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
ipCi/nr' )_
(juCi* sec/nP)
1.4
0.36
1.0
0.09
1.5
.36
23
2.2
1.7
0.13
LT (0 . 2)
0.8
0.07
0.7
0.07
ISOTOPIC RESULTS
131 132
I Te
0.1 0.3
0.03 0.08
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
0.1 0.4
0.02 0.09
No CC run
ND ND
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
0.1 0.4
0.008 0.03
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
(pCi/m3)/ (MCi- sec/m^
133 135 141
I I Ce
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
-------
APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
Shoshone_, California 1042
178 60 0950
0952
0940
Durango^ Colorado 1731
w 086 464 1730
1731
1730
1731
.1710
1711
1730
1804
1830
Albuquerque , N. M 1500
103 552 1645
DATE
on
off
12/4
12/5
12/5
12/6
12/4
12/5
12/5
12_/6
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
12/4
12/5
SAMPLING
PERIOD *
(hours)
23.1
23.8
24.0
24.0
23.6
24.4
23 „ 3
25.8
TIME- DATE
OF GAMMA
SCAN
9
0918
X
X
X
X
10
1600
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12
1710
X
X
13
1525
X
X
X
X
12
1810
8
1555
X
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
_(pCi/m3 )_
(yd- sec/m3)
2.
0.
3.
0.
_U
_6_.
0.
7.
0.
3.
0.
Q_.
0,
0.
0.
0
17
4
29
'IPJ-L
9
59
2
62
6
32
8
07
2
02
ISOTOPIC RESULTS (pCi/m3)/(MCi- sec/m3)
131
I
0.
0.
No
No
ND
No
No
0.
0,
No
0.
0.
No
0.
0.
No
No
ND
ND
No
1
008
CC
132 133 135 141
Te I I Ce
0.
0.
run
Gamma
ND
Gamma
CC
4
03
CC
5
04
CC
8
07
CC
8 ND ND ND
06
'
Scan
ND ND ND
Scan
run
0.
0,
run
2.
0.
i ND ND ND
08
0 ND ND 0.2
17
run
2.
0.
run
Gamma
_CC.
ND
ND
tun
5 ND ND ND
22
Scan
ND ND ND
ND ND ND
-------
APPENDIX C. EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION TIME
on
Azimuth Distance off
(cont) lAAs
Albuquerque, N. M. -Lb'°
103 552 1530
1530
1350
1350
1725
1725
1624
Enterprise, Utah 1510
070 150 1510
1510
1510
Mil ford, Utah 1200
059 209 1200
1200
1200 _
DATE
on
off
12/5
12/6
12/6
12/7
12/7
12/8
12/8
12/9
12/4
12/5
12/5
12/6
12/4
12/5
12/5
12/6
SAMPLING
PERIOD*
(hours)
22.8
22.3
27.6
23.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
TIME- DATE
OF GAMMA
SCAN
8
1230
X
X
17
2035
X
X
17
1938
X
X
X
X
X
X.
11
1555
17
2255
17
2000
28
0920
X
X
X
X
12
1730
X
X
COLL.
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
ipCi/m^ _ )_
(juCi- sec/ni?)
16
1.3
28
2.3
2.6
0.25
1.3
0.11
8.4
0.73
2.9
0.25
LT(0.2_)
6.1
0.53
ISOTOPIC RESULTS (pCi/m3)/( MCi • scc/r^)
131 132 133 135 1A1
I Te I I Cfc
0.8 3.3 2.5 ND ND
0.06 0.27 0.20
No CC run
1.9 7.6 ND ND ND
0.15 0.61
No CC run
ND 0.4 ND ND ND
0.04
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
0.1 1.3 ND ND ND
0.01 0.11
ND ND ND ND ND
ND ND ND ND ND
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
0.3 1.7 ND ND 0.1
0.03 O.T5 " 0.009
No CC run
-------
UJ
APPENDIX C0 EP III - Positive Air Sampling Results
(Activity Extrapolated to End of Collection Period)
LOCATION
Azimuth Distance
Milford., Utah(Cont)
059 209
Monticello., Utah
079 388
Parowan_, Utah
070 202
TIME
on
off
1200
1200
1230
1230
1230
1430
1000
1000
1000
1000
DATE
on
off
12/6
12/7
12/5
12/6
12/6
12/7
12/4
12./ 5
12/5
12/6
SAMPLING
rtiKlOD"
(hours)
24.0
24.0
26.0
24.0
24.0
TIME- DATE
(jAMMA
SCAN
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
11
1555
X
X
X
X
X
X
CjOLLo
MEDIUM
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
PF
CC
GROSS BETA
(juCi- sec/m3)
0.3
0.03
3.7
0.32
2.8
0.26
13
1.2
0.2
0.02
3 ' 3
ISOTOPIC RESULTS (pCi/m )/ CuCi.sec/m )
131I 132Te 133I 135I 141Ce
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
No Gamma Scan
No CC run
0.1 0.9 ND ND ND
0.009 0.08
No CC run
0.3 0.9 ND ND ND
0.03 0.08
No CC run
No uamma scan
No CC run
PF = Particulate Filter
CC = Charcoal Cartridge
LT = Less Than
ND = Not Detected
X = Information not available
* Sampling periods for permanent ASN stations are from time meter readings and not ON/OFF times recorded by
station operators.
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DISTRIBUTION
1-15 WERL, Las Vegas, Nevada
16 Robert E. Miller, Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
17 Robert H. Thalgott, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
18 Henry G. Vermillion, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
19 Donald W. Hendricks, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
20 Robert R. Loux, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
21 Mail & Records, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
22 Technical Library, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
23 Chief, NOB/DNA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
24 Philip Allen, ARL/NOAA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
25 Howard G. Booth, ARL/NOAA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
26 M. Klein, SNSO, Washington, D.C.
27 Ralph S. Decker, SNSO, Washington, D.C.
28 T. Jelinek, SNSO-C, Cleveland, Ohio
29 John P. Jewett, SNSO-N, Jackass Flats, Nevada
30 - 33 Roland M. Nelson, SNSO-N, NRDS, Jackass Flats, Nevada
34 William C. King, LLL, Mercury, Nevada
35 Roger E. Batzel, LLL, Livermore, California
36 James E. Carothers, LLL, Livermore, California
37 Ernest A. Bryant, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
38 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
39 Charles I. Browne, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
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Distribution (continued)
40 William E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
41 D. Gray, NRTO, NRDS, Jackass Flats, Nevada
42 J. Powell, NRTO, NRDS, Jackass Flats, Nevada
43 Eastern Environmental Radiation Laboratory, EPA, Montgomery, Ala.
44 Elmer Hemmerle, WANL, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
45 G. Gallimore, Pan Am. World Airways, Jackass Flats, Nevada
46 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
47 J. Doyle, EG&G, Las Vegas, Nevada
48 Richard S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
49 Byron F. Murphey, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
50 Maj.Gen. Edward B. Ciller, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D.C.
51 Stanley M. Greenfield, Assistant Administrator for Research &
Monitoring, EPA, Washington, D.C.
52 Joseph A. Lieberman, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radiation
Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
53 Ernest D. Harward, Act. Dir. of Technology Assessment, Office
of Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
54 - 55 Charles L. Weaver, Act. Dir., Div. of Surveillance & Inspection
Office of Radiation Programs, EPA, Rockville, Maryland
56 Arden E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, Nevada
57 John M. Ward, President, Desert Research Institute, University
of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
58 - 59 DTIE, USAEC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (for public availability)
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