SWRHL-102r
ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM
1969 ANNUAL REPORT
by
D. D. Smith and K. R. Giles
Radiological Research
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Public Health Service
Environmental Health Service
August 1970
This study performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
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LEGAL NOTICE
This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsore'd
work. Neither the United States, nor the Atomic Energy Commission,
nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:
A. makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied,
with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the in-
formation contained in this report, or that the use of any information,
apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not in-
fringe privately owned rights; or
B. assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages
resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method, or pro-
cess disclosed in this report.
As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission"
includes any employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee
of such contractor, to the extent that such employee or contractor of
the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares, dissemi-
nates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employ-
ment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such
contractor.
014
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SWRHL-102r
ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM
1969 ANNUAL REPORT
by
D. D. Smith and K. R. Giles
Radiological Research Program
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
U. S. Public Health Service
Environmental Control Administration
Bureau of Radiological Health
August 1970
This study performed under a Memorandum of Understanding
(No. SF 54 373)
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
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ABSTRACT
This report presents the radionuclide content of selected bovine,
deer, and Bighorn sheep tissues which were collected during 1969
from animals grazing on or near the Nevada Test Site. The radio-
nuclide burden remains low, with the highest levels and widest
range reported from animals collected in May. The strontium
content of bones collected from all three species continues the
downward trend of recent years.
Other activities of the Animal Investigation Program during 1969
are also mentioned.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to express their thanks to Dr. James N. Shively,
Division of Biological Effects, Bureau of Radiological Health,
12720 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland. Dr. Shively performed
the histopathological analysis of the tissue samples collected
during this reporting period.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
INTRODUCTION 1
THE NTS BEEF HERD 2
WILDLIFE STUDIES 9
Mule Deer 9
Desert Bighorn Sheen 10
Special Studies 12
PUBLIC RELATIONS 13
CLAIMS 14
REFERENCES 15
APPENDIX 16
DISTRIBUTION
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE Page
1. Vital Statistics of Sacrificed Bovine 3
2. Summary of Analytical Results Found in 1969 5
Bovine Tissues
3. Analytical Results of Rumen Contents Collected 8
from Fistulated Steers
4. Vital Statistics of NTS Mule Deer Collected 9
in 1969
5. Summary of Analytical Results - NTS Mule Deer - n
1969
IV
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INTRODUCTION
The major objectives of the Animal Investiqatlon Program (AIP)
are:
1. To determine tissue concentrations of fresh and/or aged
fission and activation products in biological samples
obtained from bovine on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and
from off-site ranches, if required.
2. To develop and conduct wildlife studies on and near the
Nevada Test Site in cooperation with state and federal
wildlife agencies in order to assess radionuclide content
of various edible wildlife species.
3. To maintain veterinary relations with the off-site popula-
tion.
4. To investigate alleged damage to domestic animals from the
Atomic Energy Commission's (AEC) activities.
This report is intended to detail the analytical results reported and
progress made in meeting the above objectives in 1969.
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THE NTS BEEF HERD
The Atomic Energy Commission's beef herd was maintained in Area 18
the entire year, except for the two herd sires that were placed in the
herd for overlapping periods of two months during the summer. Details
of animal husbandry and herd history were described previously/
As of the end of 1969, the herd consisted of 89 animals as follows:
2 bulls, 19 aged cows (4 years and older), 7 three-year-old cows,
8 two-year-old heifers, 6 two-year-old steers, 12 yearling heifers,
11 yearling steers, 12 (1969) heifer calves, and 12 (1969) steer calves.
The 1969 calving percentage was 96% and the average rate of gain of the
calves was 1.5 pounds per day for the 146-day period between May 22
and October 16.
As part of the surveillance activities, six bovine from the herd are
sacrificed semiannually and selected tissues are collected for radio-
analysis and histopathological examination. These sacrifices took
place on May 7 and October 16. The vital statistics of the sacrificed
animals are presented in Table 1. Unless otherwise noted, each
sacrificed animal soent its entire life grazing on the Area 18 range of
the Nevada Test Site.
Each animal is sacrificed by firing a 243 caliber bullet into the
brain. Immediately after death the animal is necropsied by a
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Table 1. Vital Statistics of Sacrificed Bovine
I.D. Number
BOV-l-NTS-69
BOV-2-NTS-69
BOV-3-NTS-69
BOV-4-NTS-69
BOV-5-NTS-69
BOV-6-NTS-69
BOV-7-NTS-69
BOV-8-NTS-69
BOV-9-NTS-69
BOV-10-NTS-69
BOV-ll-NTS-69
BOV-12-NTS-69
Date Sacrificed
7 May 1969
7 May 1969
7 May 1969
7 May 1969
7 May 1969
7 May 1969
16 Oct 1969
16 Oct 1969
16 Oct 1969
16 Oct 1969
16 Oct 1969
16 Oct 1969
Breed
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hoi stein
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Hereford
Sex
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Bull
Cow
Bull
Bull
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Age
3 yrs
3 yrs
2 yrs
2 yrs
1 mo
10 yrs
5.5 yrs
3.5 yrs
1 .5 yrs
3.5 yrs
1 .5 yrs
1 .5 yrs
Wt in kg
377
432
323
422
57
384
738
1161
281
511
409
344
Remarks
Calf of BOV-6-NTS-69.
Dam of BOV-5-NTS-69.
Prior to 1965 grazed
on Yucca Flat.
On Area 18 range
9 Oun-8 Aug 69 and
18 Sep-16 Oct 69.
Entire life spent
in Area 15 corrals.
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veterinarian and all pathological conditions are noted. All of the
sacrificed animals were in good physical condition and no significant
lesions were found. In addition to the necropsy, the adrenals, eyes,
heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, muscles, spleen, thyroid, and gonads
were sampled for histopathological examination.
Tissue sections were prepared for microscopic evaluation. A summary
of the results is presented in Appendix I. No lesions were reported
that could be attributable to radiation damage.
Tissues collected for radioanalysis included abomasum contents,
abomasum tissue, femur, liver, lung, muscle, rumen contents, and
thyroid. Quantitative analysis of the tissues. 1s. made for
144Ce, 131I, 106Ru, 137Css 95Zr, 5l+Mn, ltt0Ba, and K, as determined by
the 40K fraction, using the least squares method. The bone was analyzed
for "Sr and 90Sr only.
The summary of the analytical results is presented in Table 2. The
minimum detectable limit (MDL) used in this report is based on
laboratory findings or on calculations. Analytical procedures used
at the Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory (SWRHL) are described
to]
in another publication/ '
The radionuclide burdens of the various tissues remain low, with the
highest levels and greatest variability shown in tissues collected from
animals sacrificed in May.
4
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Table 2. Summary of Analytical Results Found in 1969 Bovine Tissues
Unless otherwise noted, results are reported as wet weight of sample.
Tissue
^bomasum
Contents
Abomasum
Tissue
3one
Femur
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Rumen
Content
Thyroid
pCi/g
Thymus
BOV-5-NTS-69
Milk
BOV-6-NTS-69
Testes
BOV-7&8-NTS-
69
K
g/kg
5.6(11)*
0.6-14.6
1.4(10)
0.8-2.3
NA
2.9(12)
1.7-4.2
2.4(6)
1.7-3.3
3.4(12)
2.9-3.8
1.4(10)
0.7-3.9
Not
Detectable
5.5±3.2
Not
Detectable
2.1(2)
2.0-2.1
89Sr
pCi/g ash
NA
NA
All samples
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The rumen and abomasum contents showed the highest levels and widest
variety of radionuclides detected. However, due to poor biological
absorption only a few tissues showed concentrations above the MOL.
The only notable exception was 106Ru in the lungs of four of the
animals sacrificed in May. This may have resulted from the inhalation
of resuspended particles from the depositions of the Buggy, Danny Boy,
Little Feller I and Little Feller II events, from the spring activities of the
Nuclear Rocket Development Station, or from debris from Project Schooner.
Iodine-131 was detected in the thyroids of three of the adults and the
thymus of the calf from the spring sacrifice. However, the levels
were less than 3 pCi/g in all cases. The source of the 13II may have
been EP III and IV runs of the XE' reactor which was tested on
April 17, 1969. The winds at that time were from 180° - 230°.
The Holstein bull sacrificed in October had 170 pCi/g of 131I in the
thyroid. This animal had been maintained in a dry lot at Area 15 for
his entire life and the I31I probably resulted from the ingestion of
fresh alfalfa green chop that was harvested from lands contaminated by
the experimental release of gaseous and particulate 131I (Project
Retake) on September 9, 1969, or may have been from an event that
released detectable activity on the NTS on September 12, 1969.
The only significant difference observed attributable to age was the
90Sr content of the femur bone. The 10-year-old cow had a burden of
90Sr that was over twice that of the younger animals. The cow's burden
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was 12.6 pCi/g of ash while the other animals averaged 4.8 pCi/g
of ash (range of 3.7 - 5.7 pCi/g of ash). The average 90Sr content
of 5.4 pCi/g of ash continues the downward trend of recent years
(1968 samples averaged 8.8 pCi/g of ash).
Levels of 89Sr, 95Zr, and 11+0Ba were below the MDL in all samples.
Manganese-54 was detectable only in the ingesta of three animalss
and llrLtCe was found only in liver samples in addition to the rumen
and abomasum contents.
The University of Nevada at Reno and the AIP are engaged in a coopera-
tive four-year study to determine the composition of the diet of the
NTS beef animals by utilizing rumen fistulated steers as a biological
sampler. Three mature rumen fistulated steers are placed on the
Area 18 range once a month and are allowed to graze. The ingested
food is then removed from the rumen via the fistula. These samples
are then analyzed for radionuclide content, nutritional value, and
botanical content. Table 3 summarizes the findings for 1969. The
only radionuclides detected in the ingesta were 106Ru and ll+4Ce and
the highest concentrations were found in the first half of the year.
A report summary of all data collected from the fistulated steers will
be published following the end of the study in March 1970. This report
will be authored by personnel of the University of Nevada, the AIP
and the Ecology Section of SWRHL.
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Table 3. Analytical
Results are reported
Results of Rumen
as wet weight of
Contents Collected from Fistulated Steers.
sample.
Date
Steers
Sampled
23 Jan 69
6 Mar 69
27 Mar 69
24 Apr 69
28 May 69
25 Jun 69
31 Jul 69
18 Aug 69
25 Sep 69
23 Oct 69
26 Nov 69
10 Dec 69
K
g/kg
3.9
+ n 7
1.5
±0.6
4.2
±0.5
0.64
+ 0.57
1.6
±0.6
3.2
±1.0
3.5
±0.8
2.4
±1.0
1.7
±0.8
4.0
±0.6
1.7
+ 0.5
1.6
± 0.5
106RU
pCi/g
< 1.3
1.7
±0.5
1.5
±0.3
< 1.3
1.3
+ n R
2.0
+ n a
< 1.3
1.3
±0.7
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
144Ce
pCi/g
3.7
±0.5
2.0
±0.4
<1.3
<1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
< 1.3
Area
Steers
Grazed
Well 8
canyon
South of
Pahute
airport
South of
Pahute
airport
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Well 8
canyon
Remarks
80% of diet perennial qrasses. Sitanion hystrix
(squirrel tail) was the dominant species.
Slightly more than 80% of the diet consisted of
Sjtina. speciosa (Desert needleqrass) and squirrel tail.
Results were similar for both March collections.
98% of diet was Elymus cinereus (Si ant wild rye grass).
Elymus cinereus (Giant wild rye) and Bromus tectorium
(cheat grass) made up 80% of the diet.
Grasses 70% of diet, Salsola kali (Russian thistle)
20% of diet.
Russian thistle content of diet increased to more than
50% and grass content dropped to less than 40%.
Russian thistle contributed 86% of the diet.
Grasses - 50 % of diet. Russian thistle - 10% of diet.
Querciis qambelii (Gambel's oak) - 30%.
Giant wild rye grass - 60% of diet. Rumen contents of
sacrificed animals showed 60% was perennial grass species
squirrel tail and 35% Russian thistle.
Two samples revealed different composition. One was 70%,
shrubs - Ephedra viridis, (Mountain joint fir) 'and Cowania
mexicania (Cliff rose). One was 70% qrasses - Orhyzopsis
hymenoides (Indian rice grass) and squirrel tail qrass.
75% of diet was Gambel's Oak.
co
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WILDLIFE STUDIES
Mule Deer
The AIP, as part of its wildlife studies collects at least one
mule deer a quarter from the NTS. These deer were either collected with
a 243 caliber rifle under the provisions of scientific collecting
permit #69-20, issued to the AIP by the Nevada Fish and Game Commission,
or they were collected as the result of a motor vehicle collision. In
1969 it was necessary to collect only two deer by hunting. All others were
collected as a result of road kills. (See Table 4 for vital statistics.)
Table 4. Vital Statistics of NTS Mule Deer Collected in 1969
Estimated Estimated Date
Number Sex Age Wt.(kg) Collected Remarks
MD-2-NTS-69 Male 2 yrs
MD-3-NTS-69 Male 3 yrs
MD-4-NTS-69 Female 4 yrs
MD-5-NTS-69 Female 3 yrs
46
55
55
46
MD-6-NTS-69 Male 1-1/2 vrs 46
9
2 May 69 Collected by hunting,
2 miles east of Cap-
tain Jack's spring.
31 Jul 69 Collected by hunting
at junction of Holmes
and Rainier Mesa
Roads. Numerous
fibrotic warts on
right face and neck.
12 Oct 69 Road kill at U 19R on
Dead Horse Road -
Rainier Mesa.
31 Oct 69 Road kill - 1/2 mile
west of Echo Peak
Road turnoff on
Pahute Mesa.
11 Nov 69 Road kill - Rainier
Mesa Road - Area 2.
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The same samples for histopathology and radionuclide analysis are
collected as are collected from the beef cattle with the exception
that the bone is taken from the hock joint instead of the femur.
Because of the time lapse, histopathologic samples are usually not
collected from the accident victims. The results of the histopatho-
logical examination are found in Appendix I. Table 5 presents the
analytical results.
The analytical results parallel those found in the beef cattle. The
deer collected on May 2 had about the same tissue burdens as the beef
cow sacrificed on May 7. Its lungs contained 106Ru and its thyroid
131I. Rumen and abomasum contents of both the May and July deer
contained detectable levels of 106Ru and lul+Ce. The October and
November deer showed no detectable levels except for 90Sr in the hock
bone. The 1969 average of 6.8 pCi/g of ash is down from that of 1968
(8.8 pCi/g of ash). No samples exceeded the MDL for 51+Mn, 95Zrs and 140Ba.
Desert Bighorn Sheep
Personnel of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the Desert National
Wildlife Range cooperated with the AIP in the collection of hock joint
samples from Desert Bighorn sheep collected during the fall and winter
special hunts. The 90Sr results from 23 hock joints collected in
December of 1968 and January of 1969, averaged 9.1 pCi/g of ash with
a range of 6.3 to 13.0 pCi/g of ash. The 90Sr results are down some-
what from that reported for 1967-1968 which averaged 9.6 pCi/g of ash.
Only five samples had detectable amounts of 89Sr and they ranged from
2-.4 to 6.7 pCi/g of ash with an average of 4.0 pCi/g of ash.
10
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Table 5. Summary of Analytical Results - NTS Mule Deer - 1969
Tissue
Abomasum
Contents
Abomasum
Tissue
Bone
Hock
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Rumen
Content
Thyroid
pCi/g
40K
gAg
89Sr
pCi/g ash
4.3(5)* 1
1.7-5.9 i NA
4.2(4)
2.9-4.8
3.0(5)
2.2-3.8
1.6(4)
1.3-2.1
3.4(5)
2.7-3.6
NA
3.9(l)d
±2.0
NA
NA
NA
2.6(5) I
2.1-4.1 NA
All sarr.-
. pies
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The AIP veterinarian also performs necropsies of bighorn sheep dying
in the wild or in the pens at the Corn Creek Station. There were
four necropsies performed in 1969 (see Appendix I). Analytical results
of the tissues collected from these animals were below the MDL in all
cases.
Special Studies
Special deer and beef collections were made for the Schooner and Rulison
events. The results of these studies will be published as special
reports. All of the Rulison background samples were below the MDL.
AIP personnel cooperated with Nevada Fish and Game personnel on two
wildlife transplant projects. Veterinary support was provided during
the capture of Desert Bighorn sheep from the Boulder Mountains for
transplant to the Hawthorne area. Several surveys of NTS chukar
partridge populations were made in order to determine if a capture
and transplant program would be feasible. Weather conditions prevented
sufficient concentrations of the birds for successful capture, but
another attempt will be made in 1970.
12
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PUBLIC RELATIONS
"Biq Sam", a fistulated steer, was exhibited at the International
Cattleman's Exoosition held in Las Vegas, Nevada durinq December. This
exhibit oroduced much interest and comment from the oublic and allowed
us to inform people of the AIP objectives and of our results.
In June, AIP personnel assisted the Colvins of Goldfield in removing
25 Bar-forty beef animals from Area 20. This was done at the request
of the AEC. Blood and fecal samples were collected and nhotograohic
documentation of the cows' conditions was made. E-500-B readings
taken on the animals' feet and backs were background.
In November, AIP personnel also assisted John Mosier in removing his
beef animals from the Bald Mountain area of the Bombing and Gunnery
Range.
The AIP veterinarian served as project veterinarian for the Rulison
event and informed the professional and farm organizational leaders
of the progress of the event.
13
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CLAIMS
The AIP veterinarian spent much of his time while at Rulison at a
deer hunters camp near the Ground Zero. This was done to limit the
inconvenience caused the hunters to a bare minimum and consequently
reduced their claims.
No livestock damage claims were received as the result of testing
activities in either Nevada or Colorado.
Rabies investigations were made on two bats, a fox, and a ring-tailed
cat which were collected on the NTS. No biting incidences were
reported in connection with these anima.ls and gross observation failed
to indicate rabies, so no further action was taken.
14
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REFERENCES
1. Smith, D. D. SWRHL-80r "Management History of the AEC Beef Herd
1 June 1964 - 1 June 1969." (March 1970)
2. Johns, F. B. SWRHL-llr "Handbook of Radiochemical Analytical
Methods. (February 1970)
15
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APPENDIX I. Gross and Microscopic Pathology* Found in Necropsied
Animals.
Bovine
BOV-l-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Sarcosporidia are present
BOV-2-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. A few tubules contain slightly basophilic
granular with fibrillar casts. There is no
surrounding reaction.
Lung. A mild excess of perivascular and peribronchial
eosinophils is seen.
Heart. Sarcocystis are present.
BOV-3-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. A few small foci of interstitial nephritis.
BOV-4-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed;
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. A tiny focus of interstitial nephritis.
BOV-5-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed. ,
Histopathology Report:
Lung. A few alveoli contain proteinaceous material
and septal cells. The alveolar septae are mildly
thickened. There are small peribronchial accumulation
of lymphoid cells.
BOV-6-NTS-69. Low grade metritis both horns of uterus.
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. A small focus of round cells is in the
interstitium at the cortico-medullary junction.
*As reported by Dr. James N. Shively, Division of Biological Effects,
Bureau of Radiological Health, 12720 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville,
Maryland, 20852.
16
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APPENDIX I. Gross and Microscopic Pathology Found in Necropsied
Animals cont'd.
Bovine
BOV-7-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. Mild interstitial nephritis.
Muscles. Sarcosporidiosis.
Testes. A few small foci of subacute orchitis.
BOV-8-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. Mild, active interstitial nephritis.
Lungs. A focus in which the interalveolar septae
are thickened.
Muscles. Sarcosporidiosis,
BOV-9-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Significant changes not seen.
BOV-10-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Significant changes not seen.
BOV-ll-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Lung. Some lobules have edema and hemorrhage.
BOV-12-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed.
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. A small focus of interstitial nephritis.
Deer
MD-2-NTS-69. No gross lesions observed. No significant changes
found during histopathological examination.
17
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APPENDIX I. Gross and Microscopic Pathology Found in Necropsied
Animals cont'd.
Deer
MD-3-NTS-69. There is a tumor above the left eye. Several isolated
warts found on neck and right face of the animal. The
warts are black and very rough, ranging from 1 cm to
3 cm in diameter. They are attached to the epidermal area
by a narrow stalk. In several areas of the neck there
are three or four of the larger warts grouped in one
large mass. The large areas have a diameter of up to
6 cm. When the lesion above the eye was incised it
consisted of solid, glistening white mass without an
internal structure. There are no involutions into the
center of the structure. The warts on the neck have
the same color and appearance with the exception that
the external surface is involuted into the center of the
wart.
Histopathology Report:
The tumors are fibromas. Sarcocystis is present.
MD-4-NTS-69. Animal died as a result of vehicular collision.
Suffered multiple traumatic injuries which included
fractured left leg, severe contusions and abrasions,
and massive internal hemorrhage.
Histopathology Report:
Kidney. Mild interstitial nephritis and glomerulosclerosis.
Muscles. Sarcosporidiosis.
MD-5-NTS-69. Animal died as a result of vehicular collision.and
suffered extensive traumatic injuries. These included
multiple fractures of the right fore leg, left rear
leg, and left rib cage. The lungs were punctured and
the liver was lacerated.
Histopathology Report: samples were not collected.
MD-6-NTS-69. Animal died as a result of vehicular collision.
Suffered fractured skull and fragmentation of liver.
Histopathology Report:
Spleen: Congested and had foci of hemorrhage.
18
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APPENDIX I. Gross and Microscopic Pathology Found in Necropsied
Animals cont'd.
Desert Bighorn Sheep
DB-.1-DGR-69. The urinary bladder contained about 15 cc of purulent
material. The renal pelvis was edematous and contained
small white precipitates of purulent material.
The apical lobes of the lungs had fibrous adhesions
between their surface and the thoracic pleura. The
apical lobes were congested and contained many small
purulent areas. Both apical lobes were discolored
green and showed necrosis.
The mitral valves had nodules along their borders.
Diagnosis: (1) Nephritis, (2) Pneumonitis
DB-2-DGR-69. Approximately 85% of the lung area appears to be
involved with a pneumonic condition.
Fibrous adhesions between the lobes of the lung and
the chest wall are seen extending from all lobes of
the lung.
A pink normal appearing area, 6" long, 1-1/2" wide,
and 2" deep, is seen on the dorsal, proximal border
of each diaphragmatic lobe. These appear to be the
only functioning areas of the lung.
Many small yellowish-white cheesy materials come from
each nodule when incised.
All other areas of the lung are a grayish-brown color—
possibly indicating an advance stage of hepatization.
Diagnosis: Bacterial pneumonia.
DB-3-DBR-69. As the rib cage was lifted,adhesions appeared on the
apical lobes. All of the apical lobes, cardiac and
intermediate lobes are hepatized and contain numerous
abscesses (1-3 cm in diameter). Only functional
tissue is on the dorsal posterior portions of the
diaphragmatic lobes.
Diagnosis: Death from pneumonia - probably caused by
pasteurella.
19
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APPENDIX I. Gross and Microscopic Pathology Found in Necropsied
Animals cont'd.
Desert Bighorn Sheep
Histopathology Report: One section of lung contains
abscesses and necrotic foci. There is an inflammatory
cell infiltrate. Edema is present. Changes are not seen
in another lung section. There is lymphoid hypoplasia
of the spleen.
Diagnosis: Pneumonia, lobar.
DB-4-DBR-69, Not necropsied.
DB-5-DGR-69. Hemorrhagic areas were seen in the abomasum, scattered
in the small upper intestine and large bowel. The area
of the soiral portion was engorged with blood and there
was hemorrhage into the intestinal lumen. The liver
was pale yellow and smaller than normal size. The
abdominal cavity contained a large amount of sero-
sanguineous fluid.
The kidneys were very soft. The bladder was void of
urine.
The pericardial sac contained an excessive amount of
sero-sanguineous fluid. The spleen was soft and crepitus.
The omentum was thickened. Cultures of heart blood,
pericardial fluid, and intestinal content were taken and
sent to United Laboratories. Smears of intestinal contents
were negative for coccidia.
Tenative diagnosis: Enterotoxemia.
Histopathology Report: There is a severe hemorrhagic
enteritis and a mild pneumonitis. Lymphoid follicles
in the spleen are hypoplastic. There is a focus
suggestive of fibroplasia in the thyroid, but
autolytic changes make evaluation equivocal.
Laboratory findings of clostridium perfringins
substantiate diagnosis of enterotoxemia.
20
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DISTRIBUTION
1-20 SWRHL, Las Vegas, Nevada
21 Robert E. Miller, Manager, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
22 Henry G. Vermillion, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
23 D. W. Hendricks, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
24 R. R. Loux, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
25 F. D. Cluff, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
26 J. D. Davis, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
27 E. D. Campbell, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
28 A. J, Whitman, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
29 R. S. Davidson, BMI, Columbus, Ohio
30 Chief, NOB/DASA, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
31 DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
32 Director, DMA, USAEC, Wahington, D. C.
33 William W. Burr, Jr., DBM, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
34 John S. Kelly, DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
35 P. Allen, ARL/ESSA, NVOO/AEC, Las Vegas,,Nevada
36 Gilbert J. Ferber, ARL/ESSA, Silver Spring, Maryland
37-38 Charles L. Weaver, EHS, PHS, Rockville, Maryland
39 Regional Representative, BRH, PHS, Region IX, San Francisco, Calif
40 Bernd Kahn, BRH, PHS, Cincinnati, Ohio
41 Northeastern Radiological Health Lab., Winchester, Mass.
42 Southeastern Radiological Health Lab., Montgomery, Alabama
43 W. C. King, LRL, Mercury, Nevada
44 J. Carothers, LRL, Livermore, Calif.
45 Roger Batzel, LRL, Livermore, Calif.
46 Ed Fleming, LRL, Livermore, Calif.
47 Wm. E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, N. Mex.
48 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, N. Mex.
49 Arderi E. Bicker, REECo, Mercury, Nevada
50 Clinton S. Maupin, REECo, Las Vegas, Nevada
51 Byron Murphey, Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, N. Mex.
52 G. E. Tucker, Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, N. Mex.
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53 R. H. Wilson, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y.
54-55 DTIE, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
56 D. S. Barth, National Air Pollution Control Admin., Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
57 Robert Lynch, DVM, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, State Bldg.
Las Vegas, Nevada
58 H. P. Adams, Extension Dairyman, University of Nevada,
Reno, Nevada
59 Ferren Bunker, Clark County Cooperative Extension Service
Las Vegas, Nevada
60 R. E. Engel, National Air Pollution Control Admin., Chaoel Hill,
North Carolina
61 John C. Vi11 forth, °HS, ECA, BRH, Rockville, Maryland
62 John G. Bailey, PHS, ECA, BRH, Rockville, Maryland
63 Verle Bohman, Chairman, Animal Science Dept., University of
Nevada, Reno, Nevada
64 Ray Brechbill, Radioecologist, AEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
65 Roger Johnson, Refuge Manager, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Las Vegas, Nevada
66 Jack He!vie, Wildlife Biologist, Desert Bighorn Range, Las Vegas,
Nevada
67 John Donaldson, Regional Director, Region III, Nevada Fish and
Game Commission, Las Vegas, Nevada
68-71 Frank Groves, Director, Nevada Fish and Game Commission,
Reno, Nevada
72 James N. Shively, Division of Biological Effects, Bureau of Radiological
Health, Rockville, Maryland
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