SWRHL-103r
RADIOIODINE FIELD STUDIES WITH SYNTHETIC AEROSOLS
by
D. N. McNeils, S. C. Black and E. L. Whittaker
Radiological Research Program
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
February 1971
This report was presented at the Eleventh AEG Air Cleaning Conference,
August 31 through September 3, 1970, Richland, Washington.
This research performed under Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
-------
"This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United
States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States
Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their
contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty,
express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
for the accuracy, or process disclosed, or represents that its use
would not infringe privately-owned rights."
Available from the National Technical Information Service,
U. S. Department of Commerce,
Springfield, Va. 22151
Price: paper copy $3.00; Microfiche $.95
012
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SWRHL-103r
RADIOIODINE FIELD STUDIES WITH SYNTHETIC AEROSOLS
by
D. N. McNeils, S. C. Black and E. L. Whittaker
Radiological Research Program ^
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
February 1971
This report was presented at the Eleventh AEC Air Cleaning Conference,
August 31 through September 3, 1970, Richland, Washington.
This research performed under Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
Formerly part of the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Public Health Service, Environmental Health Service, Environmental Control
Administration, Bureau of Radiological Health.
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ABSTRACT
A
The radioiodines are the principal source of human thyroid exposure
at early times following the detonation of fission devices. The
major pathway for this exposure is the forage-cow-milk chain. With
the cessation of atmospheric testing and the reduction in Plowshare
activities, simulation remains the primary method to study this
pathway. To do this, a series of experiments was conducted in which
a radioactive contaminant was released under controlled conditions to
simulate the passage of a radioactive cloud over cow forage. Forage
is the initial link in the forage-cow-milk-man food chain and in
these studies the interrelationship of the physical, chemical and
biological variables concerning the transport through that link were
investigated. Sodium iodine-131 labeled diatomaceous earth aerosols with
131
count median diameters ranging from 0.2 to 24.0 pm, a I labeled
hydrosol and elemental iodine were generated for these studies. The
aerosol preparation, labeling, generation and analytical procedures
are discussed.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES • ill
INTRODUCTION 1
PROCEDURES 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10
CONCLUSIONS 21
REFERENCES 23
DISTRIBUTION
ii
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
TABLES page
Table 1. Outline of Five Experiments Using I Aerosols. 4
Table 2. Summary of Results from Five Controlled Experiments. 9
FIGURES
Figure 1. Location of USPHS Facilities on the Nevada Test Site. 2
Figure 2. Aerosol Generator. 5
Figure 3. Typical Sample Grid. 8
131 2
Figure 4. Project Hayseed I Activity (pCi/m ) Isopleths 11
from Planchet Data.
1 31 ?
Figure 5. Project Alfalfa I Activity (uCi'/m ) Isopleths 12
from Planchet Data.
Figure 6. Particle Size Distribution Histogram. 13
131
Project Hare I A(
from Planchet Data.
Project Sip 131I Ad
from Planchet Data.
131 2
Figure 7. Project Hare I Activity (yCi/m ) Isopleths 15
2t D
131 ?
Figure 8. Project Sip I Activity (yCi/m ) Isopleths . 16
2
Figure 9. Project Sip Planchet Rack Data (uCi/m ) and 17
Deposition Vectors.
131 2
Figure 10. Project Mice I Activity (yCi/m ) Isopleths 19
from Planchet Data.
Figure 11. Peak * I in Milk - nCi/liter. 20
Particle Size versus
Controlled Releases.
131
Figure 12. Particle Size versus Deposition Velocity for Five I 22
iii
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INTRODUCTION
The radioiodines are recognized as the principal source of human
exposure at early times following the detonation of a fission device.
This is due, primarily, to the relatively high fission yield, rapid
transport in the forage-cow-milk pathway, and concentration in the
thyroid.
One approach to the study of radioiodine exposures is to set up
experiments in the fallout pattern of nuclear tests. If more con-
trol of the variables is required, synthetic aerosols may be used.
This latter approach has become useful since atmospheric tests
have been terminated and since Plowshare cratering tests have been
so infrequent.
For controlled studies with radionuclides, a Grade A dairy-farm
was established at the Nevada Test Site (Figure 1.). The generation
and assessment of a variety of aerosols used to contaminate the cow
forage at this farm are the subject of this report.
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NUCLEAR ROCKET
| DEVELOPMENT STATION
BUCKBOARD J 19
MESA
re T7^
!
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PROCEDURES
The procedures used in the studies to be described were designed to
meet certain objectives, such as:
(1) generation of an aerosol with a known particle size
distribution,
(2) deposition on a certain area sufficient to yield a pre-
2
determined yCi/m contamination, and
(3) determination of the physical parameters associated with
a given deposition of the aerosols.
131
Five experiments, using aerosols tagged with I, have been conducted
at the farm as shown in outline in Table 1. The experimental require-
ments along with some of the actual data in the table indicate the
success in meeting those requirements. The desired deposition, in all
cases, was 100 nCi/kg or more on the cow forage.
In these experiments, careful consideration was given to the meteor-
ological conditions to minimize their effect on the aerosol generation
and deposition. Wind velocity and the relative humidity were prime
considerations. Full use was made of the early morning drainage winds
characteristic of the area because of their predictability and repro-
ducibility. Wind speeds of less than 4 m/s (9 mph) and a wind
direction with an azimuth between 315 and 15 were considered ac-
ceptable for these experiments.
The aerosol generator used in these experiments was developed during
a series of preliminary tests and has proved satisfactory for our
purposes. Figure 2 is a schematic drawing of the generator which was
constructed with common laboratory supplies. The glass beads aid in
the removal of the aerosol as well as in breaking-up clumps of
material. The stainless steel screens at the outlet also helped to
reduce clumps of material. Clumping was more of a problem when the
relative humidity was high.
3
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131
Table 1. Outline of Five Experiments Using I Aerosols.
Project
.Name
Hayseed
Alfalfa
Hare
Sip
Mice
Carrier Desired
Aerosol Size (ym)
Diatomaceous 2r\
earth
Diatomaceous .. 5
earth
Diatomaceous .
earth
Diatomaceous <,
earth
Air gas
Measured Forage Deposition
(CMD-ym) Type yCi/m2
23 Sudan grass
2.0 Alfalfa
fin Alfalfa and
Sudan grass
.13 Alfalfa
Alfalfa
3.1
4.7
1.3
1.6
.66
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GENERATOR NOZZLE
SCREEN
RUBBER STOPPER
SCREEN
500ml FLASK
RUBBER STOPPER
PRESIZED BULK
MATERIAL
GLASS BEADS
FIGURE 2 - AEROSOL GENERATOR
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The dry aerosols were prepared using a wet-labeling and vacuum-
evaporation drying system. A typical preparation procedure was that
2
as used in Project Hare. For this exercise, 10 ml of a source so-
131
lution, containing 100 mCi of I, was added to 7 ml of an aqueous
solution containing 0.7 mg of Nal. Then 0.5 ml aliquots were trans-
ferred to each of 32 two-ounce bottles containing 1 ml of 1M
Na?S20_, 5 ml of 2M Na-CO, and 25 ml of water. The contents of
these bottles were added to approximately 30 ml of water, 450 ml of
isopropanol, 7 g of glass beads and 150 g of the prepared diatomaceous
earth(DE). After mixing, the material was dried using a vacuum-
evaporation system. The evaporation rate of the flasks' contents was
controlled to prevent the boiling action from becoming too violent.
The total drying time for this study was 40 hours with the flasks
being heated by hot tap water for the last 18 hours to insure
efficient drying. Depending on the particle size desired, mechanical
screening or ball-milling or a combination are used to pretreat the
particulates.
131
The preparation for the Mice experiment, the gaseous I_ release,
was similar to that employed by the National Reactor Testing Station
3
(NRTS). Four vials containing various solutions were added in sequence
to the generating flasks. The first contained 1.5 mg of Nal carrier,
131
0.5 ml of H_PO~, and 10 ml of distilled water along with the I ac-
tivity. The second contained 130 ml of 2N H-SO.. The third was used
24
to initiate the reaction and consisted of 30 mg of NaNO_ and 10 ml
of distilled water. The fourth contained the post-generation reducer
solution (to stop the I~ generation) which consisted of 5 ml of 30%
H^PO™ and 5 ml of distilled water. The generating flasks for this
release were modified to include a fritted glass sparging tube at the
inlet and had the exhaust tube loosely packed with glass wool. To
generate I_, the acidic solution of Na I was oxidized and the I.
was sparged from the solution with nitrogen gas. Generation of the
gaseous materials was regulated to last for approximately 30 minutes.
To obtain the many deposition parameters required to adequately describe
the aerosol releases, many types of samples were collected. These
-------
included:
2
(1) Planchets - stainless steel 0.01 m planchets coated with
a non-setting resin. These are used to determine the
2
uCi/m deposited and for deposition velocity calculations.
(2) Glass slides - specially cleaned glass microscope slides
used for particle size distribution studies.
(3) Air samplers - 10 cfm air samplers equipped with prefilters
and charcoal cartridges for determining air concentration
and particulate to gaseous ratios.
(4) Special air samplers - modified sampling train, e.g.,
charcoal impregnated paper, used for special aerosol
measurement.
. *
(5) Cascade impactors - Unico type used for certain particle
size measurements.
(6) Planchet racks - racks holding planchets at various heights
i and angles and used to determine the radioactive profile
of the aerosol cloud.
A typical sampling grid is shown in Figure 3 which is the actual experi-
2
mental arrangement for Project Hare.
The particle size distribution was determined from the Feret diameter
4
measurement, using optical and electron microscopes, and was.charac-
terized by the count median diameter (CMD). The filter/charcoal
ratio used in Table 2 is just the ratio of the total activity collected
on each. The data from the air samplers were used to calculate the
3
integrated air concentration (units of yCi-s/m ) by dividing the sum
of the prefilter and charcoal activities by the air flow rate. The
2
planchet deposition (yCi/m ) divided by the integrated air con-
centration gives the deposition velocity (m/s).
*Unico Cascade Impactor for Simplified Particle Size Analysis, manu-
factured by Union Industrial Equipment Corporation, Port Chester,
New York.
7
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O
_o
O.D AJ
O
a
• • • • • •
." T ," • T"
• •••••
otm m mo
•
a
•
• • • • •
O • TB
•
• • • • • i
• O. • OB
T
16m
65m
»• ^
55m
A A A
10m 16m
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA -J— A A A A
oo
• CASCADE IMPACTOR
a FILTER PACK
A PLANCHET RACK
• GLASS SLIDE
O TEMPEST
• PLANCHET
A GENERATOR
H
5.5m
FIGURE 3 - TYPICAL SAMPLE GRID
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Table 2. Summary of Results from Five Controlled Experiments.
Experiment Title
Measured or
Calculated Parameter
Particle size - ym
Forage type
Average deposit -
pCi/m2
Percent deposit
Air concentration -
pCi-s/m3
Filter/Charcoal ratio
Deposition velocity -
cm/s
Peak in milk -
nCi/liter
Milk/Forage ratio
Hayseed
23
Sudan
3.1
21
322
4.9
.96
75.9
.028
Alfalfa
2.0
Alfalfa
4.7
13
33.4
3.5
1.4
237
' .070
Hare Sip
.60 .13
Sudan Alfalfa Alfalfa
1.2 1.4 1.6
5.0 4.0
88.0 157
1.0 3.2
1.4 1.6 1.0
21.6 50.8 68.4
.021 .066' .061
Mice
Gas
Alfalfa
.66
1.8
129
.12
.51
151
.058
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Selected results from the five experiments under consideration are
shown in Table 2 and are briefly discussed in the following para-
graphs.
The equal deposition lines (isopleths) for Project Hayseed are
shown in Figure 4, and are based on the planchet data. The CMD as
determined from the optical sizing of the particles on the glass
slides was 23 ym. The small areas shown at the leading edge of the
test grid were for piled green chop, piled hay, and cows in stanchions
and were used for special studies. The major crop for this study was
Sudan grass and the average deposition for the entire grid was
2
3.1 yCi/m . Approximately 21% of the total radioiodine labeled
2
aerosol released was deposited on the 600 m test grid. The lateral
distribution as can be seen from this figure appears quite uniform
and the drop in activity from the front of the plot to the rear is
consistent with the large CMD of the particulates.
The contribution to the radioactivity in the milk resulting from
air uptake amounted to only about 1% for this study. This is in good
agreement with the results found in Project Alfalfa where the air up-
take contribution was calculated to be about 2%. Subsequent tests
(Projects Sip and Mice) confirm the contribution via this pathway '
to be minimal.
The deposition results for Project Alfalfa are shown in Figure 5.
The CMD of this aerosol was calculated as 2.0 ym from the size dis-
tribution data which are shown in Figure 6. The planchet data
2
yielded an average deposition value of 4.7 uCi/m and approximately
13% of the activity generated was deposited on the test grid. As
would be surmised, the distribution for the smaller sizjed aerosol is
more uniform over the study plot, as compared to Hayseed.
10
-------
8
GENERATOR LINE
FIGURE 4 - PROJECT HAYSEED 131I ACTIVITY K'/m2) ISOPLETHS FROM PLANCHET DATA
-------
10 8 5 18 2
6 16 11 4 854
GENERATOR LINE
FIGURE 5 - PROJECT ALFALFA 131I ACTIVITY Ki/m2) ISOPLETHS FROM PLANCHET DATA
-------
3% OF PARTICLES >46
10
60
SIZE Cum)
FIGURE 6 - PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION HISTOGRAM
13
-------
Project Hare, the third study in the series of decreasing particle
sizes, had as an additional objective, determining whether aerosol
particle size or forage species was the main contributor to 'the
difference in the milk to forage ratios from the first two experiments.
This ratio for Project Alfalfa was approximately four times the ratio
for Project Hayseed.
The deposition isopleths are shown in Figure 7, for the two test grids
used in Hare, one crop being Sudan grass and the other alfalfa. The
2
activity deposited on the field averaged 1.25 yCi/m for the Sudan
2
grass plot and 1.43 yCi/m for the alfalfa study plot. Approximately
5% of the activity in the generator flasks was deposited on the test
grid as estimated from the planchet data. This lower percentage
deposited conforms to the decrease in particle size. The CMD of this
aerosol was 0.6 ym.
The milk-to-forage ratio and percent in milk were both lower for Sudan-
fed cows than for alfalfa-fed cows and the relative magnitudes agreed
with similar data in the other experiments. These results suggest that
forage type rather than particle size is responsible for the lower
milk-to-forage ratio and lower percent in milk in Sudan-fed cows.
The smallest CMD aerosol studied in this series was 0.13 ym used
during Project Sip. Electron microscopy was used in addition to the
optical microscopy to size this fine aerosol. The planchet values
2
showed that the average deposition over the study area was 1.6 yCi/m
and was by far the most uniform of any of the releases. The iso-
pleths drawn from the planchet data (Figure 8) indicate that 96% of
2
the test grid was contaminated at levels of from 1-3 yCi/m and the
2
remaining 4% at a level of 4.5 yCi/m . Approximately 4% of the total
activity was deposited on the study area. The data from the planchet
racks together with the respective "deposition vectors" are shown
graphically in Figure 9. The deposition vector is defined as the
resultant of the two vectors calculated from the activity on the
horizontal and vertical planchets. These data demonstrate that the
active cloud remained close to the ground, i.e., in the first meter
14
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SUDAN GRASS
ALFALFA
1 0.5 1
1111
0.8 21 0.8 2
0.9 1
A A
AAAAAAAAAAAA
A A
GENERATOR LINE
FIGURE 7 - PROJECT HARE 131I ACTIVITY
ISOPLETHS FROM PLANCHET DATA
-------
A A
A A
A A
A A
GENERATOR LINE
FIGURE 8 - PROJECT SIP 131I ACTIVITY Ki/m2) ISOPLETHS FROM PLANCHET DATA
-------
RACK NO. 1
1.961 \ —
1.69
10.8
5.65
9.82
2.18
PLANCHET HEIGHT
2m
1m
SURFACE
RACK NO. 2
1.49
9.62
4.44
9.36
VERTICAL PLANCHET DEPOSITION
2.65
HORIZONTAL PLANCHET DEPOSITION
FIGURE 9 - PROJECT SIP PLANCHET RACK DATA K'/m2) AND DEPOSITION VECTORS
-------
during transport across the experimental area. The activity on the two-
meter elevation planchets dropped off markedly. The vector shows' that
the particles were being deposited in a nearly vertical mode close to
the ground whereas at higher elevations the horizontal vector became
stronger, probably due to the effect of the winds. The uniformity
of the individual values between the two planchet racks separated by
some 30 meters is remarkable.
g
The activity isopleths from Project Mice, are shown in Figure 10 and
2
indicate an average deposit of 0.66 yCi/m . The three special air
131
samplers were used on this study to confirm that I_ was being
generated.
The AC-1 charcoal impregnated filter paper has a high collection effi-
ciency for elemental iodine but, at the flow rates used, would be
inefficient for collecting CH,I and HI because of the short residence
times. Art average of 86% of the activity collected by these samplers
was found on the AC-1. An additional 12% was found on the Microsorban
prefilter indicating the presence of some particulates. Microscopic
examination of glass slides and electron microscope grids yielded a
CMD of 0.01 ym for the particulates collected. The Unico Cascade
Impactors, used on this study, yielded a mass median diameter (HMD)
(1.6 ym) of the sampled aerosol. A CMD can be calculated from this
value and also indicated a value of 0.01 ym.
131
The peak I milk concentrations, from cows on fresh forage, obtained
in these experiments are plotted on Figure 11 against the integrated
air concentration divided by filter-to-charcoal ratios. In addition
to the values for these studies, the results of two nuclear explo-
sions are included, i.e., Pin Stripe and Palanquin. Although the
levels are higher in the milk for the controlled releases, the data
demonstrate that the controlled field releases yield data that cor-
relate with actual fallout data. The values, one from cows fed green
chopped alfalfa and one from cows fed baled hay, from Project Mice
appear somewhat out of line, but that release, being primarily
gaseous, was not representative of a true aerosol. The straight line
plotted in the figure is best fit to the data and the
18
-------
1 .2 .2 X.4/ .2 .3
2 3 3
• „ •„ •
.4 T5 T5 T6
1 "1 "1 "1 3
.8 1
A A
GENERATOR LINE
FIGURE 10 - PROJECT MICE 131I ACTIVITY fcCi/m2) ISOPLETHS FROM PLANCHET DATA
-------
ioL
ioL
n
E
\
10
I
_lu_ 1
|u- 10!—
10
-1
MICE ••
PEAK I IN MILK, IAC CORRECTED BY THE FILTER
TO CHARCOAL RATIO-COWS ON FRESH FEED
10
-i
PEAK 131I IN MILK - nCi/liter
FIGURE 11
20
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deviation plotted is within a factor of ±2. It can also.be inferred
from these data that the iodine is as available from the controlled
releases as it is from the event-related aerosols.
Figure 12 is a plot of the particle size of the aerosol versus the
deposition velocity. This latter value is calculated from the depo-
sition on the planchets divided by the integrated air concentration
at the same location. Two points are plotted for the Project Hare
experiment, one for each type of forage used. The lower deposition
velocity for the 23 ym aerosol (Hayseed) suggests that air bouyancy
exerts some effect on large particles of these aerosols. The data
for Project Mice, deposition velocity of 0.51, are in close agreement
with the average value of 0.65 reported for the first two Controlled
Environmental Radioiodine Tests conducted at the National Reactor
9
Testing Station. The elemental iodine was generated in the same
manner during those studies.
v
Finally, on two studies, Projects Hayseed and Hare, the ratio of the
deposition actually found on two types of forage to the value
estimated from the planchet data was calculated. On Sudan grass,
this ratio was 3.28 for Project Hayseed and 1.46 for Project Hare.
On alfalfa, these values were 2.81 and 1.66 for the two studies,
respectively. Since forage is a three dimensional sampler, the
ratio would be expected to be greater than unity.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Aerosols of known particle size distribution can be generated in
such a manner as to yield a known activity deposition level.
2. Lateral deposition was uniform for these studies and the downwind
distribution was a function of the particulate size as expected.
3. The deposition velocity value can be used to estimate the aerosol
particle size over a range of diameters.
4. Planchets can be used to estimate the activity per kilogram to be
expected in forage. This estimation is more sensitive to particle
size than it is to forage type.
21
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ic;
10
z
o
2 10°,
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10'
101
PARTICLE SIZE (/
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REFERENCES
1. Douglas, R. L., Status of the Nevada Test Site Experimental Farm,
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada,
SWRHL-36r, 1967.
2. James, R. H., D. N. McNelis, E. L. Whittaker and N. C. Kennedy,
Aerosol Preparation, Generation and Assessment (Project Hare),
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada,
SWRHL-75r, 1970.
3. Hawley, C. A., Jr., C. W. Sill, G. L. Voelz and N. F. Islitzer,
Controlled Environmental Radioiodine Tests at the National
Reactor Testing Station, Idaho Operations Office, IDO-12035,
June 1964.
4. Feret, L. R., Association International pour 1'essai des Mat. 2,
Group D, ZUrich, 1931.
5. Bioenvironmental Research, I Dairy Cow Uptake Studies Using a
Synthetic Dry Aerosol (Project Hayseed), SWRHL-28r, Southwestern
Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, to be published.
131
6. Stanley, R. E., S. C. Black, and D. S. Earth, I Dairy Cow Studies
Using a Dry Aerosol (Project Alfalfa), Southwestern Radiological
Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, SWRHL-42r, 1969.
131
7. Bioenvironmental Research, I Dairy Cow Uptake Studies Using a
Submicron Synthetic Dry Aerosol (Project Sip), Southwestern
Radiological Health Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, SWRHL-39r,
to be published.
8. Douglas, R. L., Radioiodine Transport Through the Air-Forage-Cow-
Milk System Using a Gaseous 12 Contaminant, a paper presented
at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 8-12, 1969.
9. Adams, D. R., D. F. Bunch, W. P. Gammill, C. A. Hawley, Jr., E. H.
Markee and M. W. Tiernan, Controlled Environmental Radioiodine Tests
at the National Reactor Testing Station, 1965 Progress Report,
IDO-12047, Idaho Operations Office, February 1966.
23
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DISTRIBUTION
1-20 SWRHL, Las Vegas, Nevada
21 Robert E. Miller, Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
22 R. H. Thalgott, Test Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
23 Henry G. Vermillion, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
24 Robert R. Loux, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
25 D. W. Hendricks, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
26 E. M. Douthett, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
27 Jared J. Davis, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
28 E. D. Campbell, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
29 - 30 Technical Library, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
31 Mail & Records, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
32 Chief, NOB/DASA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
33 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
34 Assistant General Manager, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
35 John S. Kelly, DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
36 Daniel W. Wilson, Div. of Biology & Medicine, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
37 Philip Allen, ARL/ESSA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
38 Gilbert Ferber, ARL/ESSA, Silver Springs, Maryland
39 Joseph A. Lieberman, Act.Comm, Radiation Office, EPA, Rockville, Md.
40 Charles L. Weaver, Radiation Office, EPA, Rockville, Md.
41 William S. Mills, Radiation Office, EPA, Rockville, Md.
42 Bernd Kahn, Radiological Engineering Lab., EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
43 Interim Regional Administrator, Region IX, EPA, San Francisco, Calif.
44 Southeastern Radiological Health Lab., EPA, Montgomery, Alabama
45 W. C. King, LRL, Mercury, Nevada
46 Bernard W. Shore, LRL, Livermore, California
47 J. E. Carothers, LRL, Livermore, California
48 Roger Batzel, LRL, Livermore, California
49 Ed. Fleming, LRL, Livermore, California
50 Howard A. Tewes, LRL, Livermore, California
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Distribution(continued)
51 L. S. Germain, LRL, Livermore, California
52 H. J. Otway, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
53 Wm. E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
54 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
55 Arden E. Bicker, REECo., Mercury, Nevada
56 Clinton S. Maupin, REECo., Mercury, Nevada
57 Byron Murphey, Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, New Mexico
58 M. L. Merritt, Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, New Mexico
59 R. S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
60 R. Glen Fuller, Battelle Memorial Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada
61 Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn.
62 R. H. Wils.on, University of Rochester, New York
63 L. K. Bustad, University of California, Davis, Calif.
64 L. A. Sagan, Palo Alto Medical Clinic, Palo Alto, Calif.
65 Vincent Schultz, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash.
66 - 67 DTIE, USAEC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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