SWRHL-27r
STUDY OF A SINGLE DOSE I - 12 I RATIO IN DAIRY COWS
by
W. Shimoda, S. C. Black, K. H. Falter, R. E. Engel and D. S. Earth
Radiological Research
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Public Health Service
Environmental Health Service
April 1970
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding (No. SF 54 373)
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
-------
LEGAL NOTICE
This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored
work. Neither the United States, nor the Atomic Energy Commission,
nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:
A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied,
with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the in-
formation contained in this report, or that the use of any information,
apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not in-
fringe privately owned rights; or
B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages
resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method, or pro-
cess disclosed in this report.
As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" in-
cludes any employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee
of such contractor, to the extent that such employee or contractor of
the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares, dissemin-
ates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employ-
ment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such
contractor.
Oil
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SWRHL-27r
STUDY OF A SINGLE DOSE 131I - 126I RATIO IN DAIRY COWS
by
W. Shimoda, S. C. Black, K. H. Falter, R. E. Engel and D. S. Barth
Radiological Researcn Program
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
Public Health Service
Environmental Health Service
Environmental Control Administration
Bureau of Radiological Health
April 1970
This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of
Understanding CNo. SF 54 373)
for the
U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMtSSION
-------
ABSTRACT
Four groups of two lactating Ho I stein cows each were dosed in a
single ingestion experiment with four different combinations of
I and I ranging from 0 to 20.1$ I. Theoretical equations
developed and experimental results indicate that it is possible to
126 131
detect and quantitate I in the presence of I in milk samples
by determining the physical half-life of the combined radioiodines
from repetitive gamma scans on the same samples even though the
individual gamma energies of I and I cannot be resolved by fne
gamma analysis system. Peak levels of the radioiodines in milk
from afl cows were observed at five hours (first milking) after
oral ingestion of dose. Subsequently, milk exhibited an effective
half-life (T ,,) ranging from 12.5 to 18.0 hours with an average
G T T
value of 14.4 hours. Calf thyroid percent uptake from ingestion
of milk contaminated with radio iodine ranged from 8.4 to 13.2$
with an average of 11.15$. The T , in calf thyroids ranged from
5.74 to 9.55 days with an average of 7.46 days. The recoveries
of radioiodine from milk by use of ion-exchange column and Agl
precipitation methods, when compared to gamma scans o.f whole
milk, had large standard deviations indicating further experimen-
tation with these methods is desirable prior to field use.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT j
TABLE OF CONTENTS jj
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF PLATES vi
INTRODUCTI ON 1
PROCEDURE 2
A. Dose Preparation 2
B. Animal Husbandry 2
C. Analytical Procedures 4
1. System description 4
2. Geometry and Calibration 5
D. Sample Preparation 5
1. Milk and water 5
2. Hay, Grain and Kimwipes 5
3. Ion-exchange column 5
4. Effluent 7
5. Agl precipitate 7
E. Calf Thyroid Uptake 8
RESULTS
A. Correction Factors 13
B. Hay, Grain and Water 14
C. Kimwipes 14
D. Milk 15
1. Gamma spectroscopy 15
2. Ion-exchange and effluent 15
3. Silver-iodide precipitate 17
E. Calf Thyroid Uptake 17
i i
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS (conf)
DISCUSSION 25
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 39
REFERENCES 42
APPENDICES 43
DISTRIBUTION
i i i
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Activity levels administered to cows. 3
Table 2. Efficiency of counting systems. 6
Table 3. Calf data. 11
Table 4. Radioiodine results in milk from gamma scan. 16
Table 5. Comparison of Agl to cubitainer. 18
Table 6. Total nCi in milk fed daily and in thyroid. 19
Table 7. Percent uptake in calf thyroid. 21
Table 8. Summary of calf thyroid data. 24
Table 9. Percent retained by the ion-exchange column. 29
Table 10. Summary of data for correlation analyses. 35
Table 11. Summary of the milk results. 40
i v
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Average values for the four calves. 23
Figure 2. Observed decay rate vs. proportion 131I. 27
Figure 3. Retention of iodine by IXC vs. iodine
concentration. 31
Figure 4. Retention of iodine by IXC vs. time. 32
Figure 5. Average normalized concentration in each milking 34
Figure 6. Correlation between cumulative percent secreted
in milk and PBI levels. 36
Figure 7. Peak yCi/liter in cow's milk vs average milk
production. 37
-------
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 1. TMC 40Ochannel analyzer and 3- by 3-inch Nal
crystal with and without flat field col Iimator. 9
Plate 2. Crystal and col I imator assembly mounted on a
yoke in front of the calf stanchion. 10
v i
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INTRODUCTION
Any study of radioiodine dosimetry must necessarily include con-
sideration of all possible radioactive iodines. Of the radioiodines
126
of intermediate half-life, the I isotope with a half-life of 13.2 days
has generally been ignored. Though not a significant fission product,
126
I can be formed byCy,nl and Cn,2nl reactions with stable iodine.
The principal gamma energy produced in. the decay of this isotope
appears quite close to that of f in gamma spectrometric analysis.
For most gamma analysis systems it is not possible to resolve the
126
different peaks. Thus, the principal method of detection of I in
131
the presence of I, is by half-life determination. The closeness
of their ha If- lives makes the latter method a tedious procedure.
Because of this, if °l were associated with I in any contaminant,
it would probably be reported as I. If I is present in a con-
tamination situation, its longer ha I f-l ife would increase the thyroid
dose.
This study was conducted to achieve these objectives:
1 9 fi
1. To develop analytical techniques for detection of I in
the presence of I in milk;
2. To determine the variation with time of I - I levels
in milk from cows given a single ingestion dose of these
iodines mixed in various proportions;
3. To determine calf thyroid uptake from ingestion of milk
obtained under objective 2; and
4. To compare the results from Agl precipitation and ion
exchange separation methods with gamma spectrometry
results.
1
-------
PROCEDURE
A. Dose Preparation
lodine-131 as Nal (carrier free)* was transferred to five ml of
water in a volumetric flask to which was added a slight amount
of ethyl alcohol, lodine-126 (carrier free)** as Nal was treated in a
I ike manner. Total activity was determined by gamma scan for each
of the 131I and 126I isotopes before and after the dosages were pre-
pared. Different activity level capsules were prepared for the
cows. (Table 1.)
B. Animal Husbandry
Eight mature, lactating Holstein cows were divided into four
. groups of two cows each. One cow in each group was a high producer
so there would be sufficient milk for both calf feeding and counting,
the other four cows were closely matched for daily milk output. The
groupings and physiological data on the cows are shown in Appendices
A and B. The calculated dose to be administered to each cow was pipetted
into a size 000 gelatin capsule which was then placed inside a lubricated
1 oz. gelatin capsule. By means of a balling gun, the capsule was
placed on the roof of each cow's tongue, so that immediate deglutition
occurred. This insured that no contents were spilled before entering
the rumen. A swipe of each cow's muzzle was made within 30 minutes
following administration. Results of these swipes are given in
Append ix C.
The experimental animals remained with the rest of the milking herd
and were milked and fed in a normal manner.
KI^TI was obtained from Iso/Serve, Inc., 131 Portland St., Cambridge
Massachusetts . '
**126I was obtained from General Atomic, San Diego 12, California
Stable iodine (1.3g) was irradiated by a 25 MeV linear accelerator for
one hour.
-------
Table 1. Activity levels administered to cows on Aug. 11, 1965
Group Cow Time 13}l 126| Total 131I % ]26\'%
ml uCi ml yCi ml yCi
15 0955
I 0.225 95.6 0.600 24 0.825 119.6 79.9 20.1
27 1025
21 1000
II 0.250 106.2 0.400 16 0.650 122.2 86.9 13.1
.19 1010
25 0950
0.250 106.2 0.200 8 0.450 114.2 93.0 7.0
18 1020
28 0945
0.275 116.8 0 0 0.275 116.8 100.0 0
12 1005
Stock solution:
131 I = 0.425 uCi/0.001 mi
126| = 0.040 yCi/0.001 ml
-------
Grain was fed from a metal bin that was filled at each milking.
Special care was taken in handling the grain to avoid cross-
contamination. The grain was wefghed as ft was fed and the
residue subtracted to obtain total consumption.
Cows were kept as free as possible of fecal and urine accumu-
lations on the mammary gland. Hair was clipped from the gland
and back legs prior to the start of the experiment to facilitate
the cleaning process.
Prior to applying the Surge®mi I king unit, the mammary gland
was washed thoroughly with running lukewarm water and wiped
dry. Each cow was milked twice daily with its individual milking
unit at 0530 and 1530 hours. Fresh and preserved milk samples
were taken at each morning mflking and only preserved samples were
taken at the afternoon milking (Appendix D). Ten cc of 37 percent
formaldehyde per cubitainer* was used as the preservative. The
cubitainers of fresh milk samples were iced down until analysis
was performed.
Milk (3.6 liters) from one cow in each group was fed to its assigned
calf in the morning and evening for the calf thyroid uptake study.
Grain, hay, and water were sampled each morning from the bulk
supply. Blood, for complete blood counts, and protein bound
iodine (PBt), was taken from the jugular vein.
C. Analytical procedures
1. System description
a. Gamma spectrometry was done with a system consisting
of a TMC Model 404C, 400-cfiannel pulse height analyzer
*Plastlc container having a capacfty of 4 Itters.
-------
and a detector consisting of two 4x9 inch Nal(TI) crystals
mounted facing each other with vertical spacing variable
from direct contact to 14 inches separation. The crystal
assembly was mounted in a specially fabricated 12-ton steel
shield with 6-.inch walls lined with Pb, Cd and Cu
sheeting.
b. jhe beta system consisted of a Beckman Model 1610 wide-beta,
automatic sample changer with time-of-day and manual slide
options. Argon-10$ methane was used as the counting gas.
2 . Geometry and calibration
For this study, I was the only calibration required since
I has similar energies. The efficiencies and geometries
used in the counting systems are shown in Table 2.
D. Sample Preparation
1. Mi Ik and Water
Efforts were made to keep the volume of milk and water
constant to four liters by removing excess milk or water from
the cubitainer or adding distilled water to the cubitainer,
whichever was required.
2. Hay, Grain and Kimwipes
Each of the kimwipes, and the hay and grain samples was placed
in a 400 ml cottage cheese container with a lid and sealed. Each
container was weighed, placed in a plastic bag, sealed with
masking tape, and counted.
3. Ion-exchange column
The procedure for the ion-exchange method as outlined by
Porter and Carter (^ was used, with modification. In general,
a plastic vial* C33 mm dfa.xlOS mm length! was prepared by
drilling 6 holes C2 mm di'a.) in the bottom. Glass wool was
*Nalgene 250, 80 ml capacity
-------
Table 2. Efficiency of counting systems*.
Sample type
Geometry
Efficiency**
Minimum detect-
able levels
Mi Ik and water
Grain and kimwipes
Hay
Ion-exchange column
(IXC)
Effluent
Agl ppt.
Agl ppt.
4-liter plastic cubitainer 18.6*
400 ml cottage cheese con- 36.2*
tainer
400 ml cottage cheese con- 36.2*
tainer
33 mm diameter x 150 mm length 52.0*
plastic column
4-liter cubitainer "flat" 55.0*
2" x 6" x 6"
2" planchet, 4" deep 57.9*
Beta Counting
2" stainless steel planchet in a 5" 37.8*
Bake lite holder
10+5 pCi/l
80 +_ 10 pCi/kg
100 +_ 15 pCi/kg
* Samples for gamma analysis were counted for a minimum of 2,000 counts in the 0.36 MeV channel
or 40 minutes and samples for beta analysis were counted for 10,000 counts or 10 minutes,
whichever came first.
137,
**The resolution of the gamma system was 9% based on the Cs photopeak and 10 KeV per channel
-------
placed at the bottom of the column to avoid leakage of resin
through the holes. The column was filled with Dowex 2x8 resin,
Cl form, 20-50 mesh, 60 mm in height. Glass wool was placed on
top of the resin bed. Then a 140 mm plastic funnel, fitted into
the lid, was placed on top of the plastic column. One liter of
milk was poured into the funnel at a flow rate of 70 to 80 ml/min.
After elution, 100 ml of distilled water was used to rinse the resin.
the column was then capped, placed into a small plastic bag, sealed
and gamma scanned.
4. Effluent
The effluent and rinse from the ion-exchange column were collected
in a beaker and transferred to a cubitainer. The cubitainer was
flattened out to about 2 inches in height and 6 inches square. The
flat cubitainer was placed in a plastic bag, sealed, and counted.
5. Aql precipitate
(2)
The method described by Kahn was used, with modification.
Essentially, a Pyrex Chromatographic column* (20 mm ID x 250 mm
length) consisting of an extra-coarse fritted disc, o-rings, stop-
cock and clamp was used. A slurry of five grams of Dowex 2x8 resin,
Cl form, 100-200 mesh, was poured into the column. The sides of the
column were rinsed with distilled water and drained. One liter of
milk was poured into a one-liter separatory funnel which was then
placed on top of the column. A Nal carrier was added and mixed;
then the stopcock of the funnel was adjusted so that the flow rate
from the separatory funnel and through the column was 20 ml per
minute. The effluent was discarded. The iodine absorbed on the
resin was eluted with 2N sodium perch I orate and, finally, the iodine
was precipitated as Agl after a series of steps. The precipitate
was collected on a filter paper, dried, weighed for gravimetric
yield, and counted in a 2-inch planchet.
*Kontes chromaflex column No. 1K42223, Kontes Glass Co.,
Vineland, New Jersey.
7
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E. Calf Thyroid Uptake
Four Hoi stein-Hereford calves were used. Descriptions of each
animal can be found in Table 3. All the calves were kept in
individual pens. Water and feed (supplemental hay and grain)
were given to each on an individual basis. Each calf was fed
3.64 liters (8 Ibs.) of contaminated milk from the assigned cow
twice daily (0800 and 1600) for 14 to 16 days with the first milk
being fed in the afternoon of August 11. To prevent cross con-
tamination, individual stainless-steel milk buckets were used
for each feeding. These calves' thyroids were analyzed -in vivo
daily for nine days and then on Monday, Wednesday and Frfday for
the following three weeks.
For restraining the calves, a head holder was attached to a
modified milking stanchion (Plate 2). Location of the thyroid was
established by manual palpation of the ventral crest of the
cricoid cartilage and the first three trachea! rings. The crystal
was positioned at 7 inches from the estimated center of the
thyroid. Backgrounds on the calves were taken on August 10 and 11.
The first count of activity in the calves began on August 12. The
activity in the calves' thyroids was measured daily between the
hours of 0800 and 1500. Several counts of different lengths were'
taken on each calf in order to obtain good counting statistics; the
total counting time depended upon the length of time the animals
could be restrained.
A TMC 400-channeI analyzer was used for thyroid counting. Coupled
to the analyzer was a 3- by 3-inch NaI crystal with a flat field
col I imator (Plate 1). The crystal and col Iimator assembly were
mounted on a yoke which could be adjusted to various crystal-
thyroid geometries (Plate 2).
The analyzer was calibrated with the crystal and col I imator assembly
in an upright attitude perpendicular to the floor surface. Disc
-------
Plate 1. TMC 400 channel analyzer and 3x3 inch Nal crystal with and without flat field collimator.
-------
Plate 2. Crystal and collimator assembly mounted on a yoke in front of calf stanchion.
-------
Table 3. Calf data.
Calf
No.
35
36
40
41
Pen
No.
1
2
3
4
Age
Days
208
224
73
58
Sex
Fema I e
Fema I e
Male
Fema I e
Approximate
weight (kg)
204
272
125
102
Fed milk from
cow No.*
27 Group 1
21 Group 2
25 Group 3
28 Group 4
Estimated thyroid**
we ight-g.
25.6
34.1
15.6
12.8
* Fed 3.64 liters of milk per feeding.
>id weight (grams) = 0.125 x body wt. (kg) - an empirical relations
personnel from bovine thyroid data collected from slaughter houses.
** Thyroi
lationship established by
-------
sources and a 131I standard (impregnated Whatman filter) were
counted on the center I ine at increasing distances from the face
of the crystal to determine efficiency for various geometries.
Disc sources used were 60Co, 137Cs, 109Cd, 133Ba, 22Na, 65Zn, 54Mn,
Instrument backgrounds were taken at 0800 and 1200 hours of each
day of count. The crystal assembly was covered with polyethylene
bags to prevent contamination and the counting area was cleaned
daily to prevent high backgrounds.
12
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RESULTS
A. Correction Factors
The use of two iodine isotopes with different ha If-lives but sim-
ilar photopeaks requires a correction to each sample result
which takes into account the variation with time of the ratio of
the two isotopes. The correction factors were.derived as
follows:
Assuming that the biological half-life is the same for each
isotope and that the only factor affecting the relative concen-
trations of the isotopes is physical decay, then the activity in
milk at any given time after sample collection can be expressed
as:
-ART -X9,(T+t) -AnT -X,,(T+t)
(1) A'T+t = Ao CF26b26e Be +F31b31e e 31 ]
Where: A'T . = the observed total activity at T+t (Corrected for
counter efficiency)
A = the total activity at time of ingest ion
•» O C 131
F26' *Sl = ^he ^rac"t"'ons °f ' and I 'n original dose
b7fi, b . = the abundance of the gammas in 0.36 Mev
photopeak
X = the biological decay constant
D
X fi,X,1 = the physical decay constants
T = time from ingestion to milking
t = the time from milking to counting
126 131
The theoretical total activity of I + I in the sample at time
T+t is;
-X0,-(T+t) -X^.CT+t) -XDT
<2> Vt - Ac [f268 + F3,8 ^ e
By solving equation (1) for A and substituting in equation (2),
-AgT
the e will cancel, and the remaining equation can be solved
for the total I and I activities at time T;
13
-------
C3)
126A =A'T+t F26e - 26
-At -A0,(T+t) -A,,(T+t)
26 26
which simp I i f ies to;
a. P
= * T+tF26e
-A9fi(T+t) -JU.tT+t)
F26b26e +F31b31e
131
Similarly the total I activity at time T is;
-AT
131. _ T+t31
T -
,.
F26b26e +F31b31S
By using equations (4) and (5), the activity of each isotope in a
given sam|
computed.
given sample can be calculated and the ratio of I to I
B. Hay, Grain, and Water
Untreated hay, grain and water, fed to cows, were analyzed daily
131
for I activity to check for possible contamination. The average
combined daily consumption of hay and grain for all cows during
the experiment was 14.9 kg and 2.8 kg respectively as shown in
Appendix B. lodine-131 activity was non-detectable in hay and'
water. The grain samples analyzed for I did show activities
1 Q 1
ranging from non-detectable to 260 pCi/kg. The I detected was
so low in activity that it was felt it did not affect the
experiment.
C. Kimwipes
The results from the kimwipes of the cow's muzzles are shown in
Appendix C . Radioactive iodine was present in all kimwipes with
a range of 1.1 to 8.4 nCi; the wipi-ng was done within 30 minutes
after dosing.
14
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D. Milk
1. Gamma spectroscopy
The milk results for all cows were recorded individually
for each morning and evening milking (Appendices E - H.
The data for 131I and 126I were calculated individually and
then combined. The appendices list the nCi/liter, pro-
duction of milk in liters and total yCi in milk. For all
groups, the highest activity was found in the first milking after
dosing. Repetitive counts were done on the milk from the first
milking after dosing to determine the physical half-life of
the combined radioiodines. Statistical analysis of the physical
decay rates indicated that they did not significantly differ
for the two cows in each group. Hence, a combined decay rate (X)
is used for each group. The group physical half-life is then
calculated as In 2 divided by X. The data from the second through
the tenth to twelfth mi I kings after dosing were used to calcu-
late the effective half-life in milk for each cow. These data
are shown in Table 4.
2. Ion-exchange and effluent
The ion-exchange method was used to determine its effectiveness
as a rapid field method of separating iodine from milk. The
results of the procedure for all cows are shown in Appendices E- H.
The activities were calculated for 131I and 126I individually
and combined to get n.Ci/1 for both the ion-exchange column (IXC)
and the effluent. Only the morning milk collections were analyzed.
The effluent from the ion-exchange method was gamma scanned
through August 18, 1965, This study was conducted to determine
the efficiency of the IXC compared to gamma scan of a cubitainer
conta i n i ng milk.
15
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Table 4. Radioiodine results in milk from gamma scan.
Cow
^roup N0i
1 15
27
II 19
I I 21
III 18
Hi 25
IV 12
28
131
79.
79.
86.
86.
93.
93.
100.
100.
Initial
I
9
9
9
9
0
0
0
0
%
126
20.
20.
13.
13.
7.
7.
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
H ighest
(yCi/
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
activity
1 iter)
.72
.086
.31
.39
.62
.18
.70
.49
Effect
Half-l ife
13
18
12
15
12
17
12
12
.6+0
.0+0
.5+0
.7+0
.8+0
.8+0
.6+0
.4+0
i ve
(hrs)
.89*
.55
.38
.53
.57
.85
.70
.46
Physica 1
Half-l ife (days)
8.67 +_
8.34 +_
8.05 +
7.81 +_
0.079*
0.039
0.037
0.098
*value + standard deviation
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3. Silver-iodide precipitate
The Agl procedure was used to check its efficiency and
sensitivity for detection of low activities of 131I (below
100 pCi/liter) in milk. The beta and gamma activities of
the Agl precipitates, including gravimetric yields, for all
cows of the four groups are shown in Appendices E - H. '
The morning milk collections were the only samples analyzed.
The results of the above procedure are compared to the
cubitainer data obtained by gamma scan in Table 5.
E. Calf Thyroid Uptake
The results of individual calf thyroid measurements and daily
amounts of radio iodine ingested are set forth in Table 6. Using
equations 4 and 5 and observed total activity in the thyroid, nCi
1 O C 1 Q 1
of I and I were calculated, corrected for physical decay back
to 0800 hours of that day and summed to give thyroid burden.
The cumulative total intake is a calculated value (Table 7) which
includes the total intake of milk corrected for decay to that
day. The percent thyroid uptake at 24 hours as seen in Table 7
was calculated by dividing the daily thyroid burden by the
cumulative total intake at one day before the thyroid count.
Average values for the four calves are shown in Figure 1.
A summary of the data is presented in Table 8. The peak
pCi/thyroid values vs peak pCi fed daily is a comparison of values
regardless of the time the maximum activity was reached. The
peak value in the cows' milk occurred at one day after dosing and
the calf thyroid burden peaked 4 days later. The thyroid T ,,
was calculated by the least squares method using the thyroid measure-
ments from the day of maximum detectable activity to the day
following the last feeding of contaminated milk, inclusive.
17
-------
Table 5. Comparison of Aql to cubitalner.
Group
Cow
^Recovered (Agl/Cubita iner)
beta count ofAgl fciamma count of Agl
1 15
1 27
II 19
" 21
III 18
Mi 25
IV 12
1 28
Grand average
57.1 ± 12.7*
47.3 ± 20.3
54.0 ± 12.7
55.9 ± 16.0
62.0 ± 17.3
60.3 ± 24.2
64.8 ± 16,1
56.6 ± 18.4
57.2 ± 6:2
58.4 ± 12.7*
46.2 ± 25.2
50.9 ± 16.4
53.7 ± 19.1
59.6 ± 19.7
60.8 ± 24.6
75.9 ± 28.1
66.4 ± 32.6
59.0 ± .8.2
18
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Table 6. Total nCi in milk fed daily and in thyroid.
Cow 1
Calf
Aug.
Sept
Mo.
No.
Date
1965
11
12
13
' 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
30
1
3
8
15
22
27
35
Dai ly
Intake**
310
420
130
58
25
10
5.6
4.7
2.6
2.7
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.3*
Thyroi d
Burden**
29
64
81
82
97
84
68
66
60
48
32
27
21
12
10
6.5
1.8
— __
21
36
Dai ly
Intake
1400
2100
550
170
62
24
12
8.4
4.3
2.7
2.8
1.7
1.9
2.01
1.5
1.5*
Thyroid
Burden
—
74
220
280
320
330
260
290
240 .
230
160
150
13.0
71
76
57
32
16
56
*Last feeding of contaminated milk.
**nCi of activity
indicates thyroid burden not measured,
-------
Table 6(cont?)
Cow
Calf
Aug.
Sept
No.
No.
Date
1965
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
. 27
30
1
3
8
15
22
25
40
Dai ly
Intake
660
660
270
110
34
12
11
7.1
4.3
2.8
2.7
2.1
1.5
2.3
2.0
1.8*
Thyroid
Burden
—
86
160
200
210
210
190
160
140
130
92
64
54
30
24
21
9.8
3.5
Dai ly
1 ntake
1800
1800
390
100
28
7.9
6.0
5.3
3.4
2.2
2.0
1.4
1.8
28
41
Thyroid
Burden
—
170
320
450
450
440
400
400
360
310
240
190
140
120
100
78
48
19
8.5
20
-------
Table 7. Percent uptake in calf thyroid,
Cow Nc
Calf t
Date
Aug.
1965
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
>.
to.
Cumu lati ve
Intake(nCi)*
310
700
770
770
740
690
680
630
610
550
510
510
470
440***
27
35
Thyroid
Burden(nCi )**
29
64
81
82
97
84
68
66
60
48
32
%
Uptake
9.4
9.1
10.5
10.6
13.1
12.2
10.0
10.5
9.8
9.4
7.3
Cu'mu lati ve
|ntake(.,,Ci)
1.4
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.4
21
36
Thyroid
Burden (.uCi )
.074
.22
.28
.32
.33
.26
.29
.24
.23
.16
.15
.13
'%
Uptake
5.3
6.5
7.6
9.1
10.0
8.4
10.0
8.9
9.2
8.4
8.8
9.3
* corrected for decay to date.
** twenty-four hours after date.
*** last feeding of contaminated milk.
indicates thyroid burden not measured,
21
-------
Table 7. (Conf)
Cow No. 25 2.9
Calf No. 40 41
D , Cumulative Thyroid % Cumulative Thyroid %
Intake(uCi) Burden(yCi) Uptake Intake(uCi) Burden(uCi) Uptake
Aug.
1965
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
0.66
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
0.99
0.92
0.88
0.85
0.78
0.72
0.67
0.62
.086
.16
.20
.21
.21
• 19
.16
.14
.13
.092
.064
.054
13.0
12.3
14.3
15.0
16.2
15.8
13.3
12.7
13.1
10.8
8.9
8.7
1.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.6
.17
.32
.45
.45
.44
.40
.40
.36
.31
.24
9.4
9.4
12.8
13.6
14.2
14.3
15.4
15.0
14.1
14.1
22
-------
Figure 1. Average values for the four calves.
D-Day 1 2 3
5 6
7 8 9 10
TIME IN DAYS
-------
Table 8. Summary of calf thyroid data.
Calf
No.
35
36
40
41
Cow
No.
27
21
25
28
I» _i_ • i nf I£-W| f
nitial * 1 of
Total activity
20
13
7
0
.1*
.1*
.0*
.0*
Peak thyroid burden
peak da i
0
0
0
0
ly intake
.23
.16
.32
.25
6
8
5
9
Thyroid
Teff(days)
.25
.31
.74
.55
± 0
± °
± °
+_ 1
.53*
.69
.22
.07
Thyroid average
percent uptake
10.2
8.4
12.8
13.2
+1.5* -
1 1-4
+_ 2.4
1 2-1
* value + standard deviation
-------
DISCUSSION
In all experimental groups, T ,, for total activity in milk after the
single oral ingest ion was between 10 and 20 hours. It is apparent
that there is no significant difference in the kinetics of secretion of
1311 and 126I in milk for the four combinations of 131I and 126I used
i
in this study. It should be noted that the secretion of iodine after
ingestion was very rapid. Activity was found on the kimwipes from the
cows' muzzles 30 minutes after ingestion. This is indicative of the rapid
uptake of radioiodine and secretion into the cows' saliva. The peak
total activity in milk in each case was found in the first milking which
was five hours after dosing. The physical decay of 131I and 126I mix-
tures in cubitainer milk, from the initial collection after ingestion,
gave different half-lives. The radioactive decay in milk from cows in
Group IV, which received 100$ 131I, occurred with a 7.81 day half-life.
For the Group III milk, from cows receiving 93.0$ 131I + 7.0$ 126I, it was
8.05 days. The Group II milk, from cows receiving 86.9$ 131I + 13.1$ 126I,
had an 8.34 day half-life and- for the Group Imilk, from cows receiving
79.9$ 131I + 20.1$ 126I, it was 8.67 days. This suggested that the 131I
and 126l isotopes were secreted in milk from cows in the same combinations
as they were given orally. Statistical analysis of the decay rates for
each group indicates a significant difference in rates between the groups
(Pr. < .01). This implies that we can use the decay rate to estimate
the relative proportions of the two isotopes in the sample.
The linear relationship that exists between the observed decay rate (X)
and percent 126I or 131I can be developed theoretically as follows:
-X9,t -A_.t
(6) Aj = AQ[F26e F31e ]
Eq. (6) describes the amount of combined 126I and 131I which would be
observed at any time, t.
When plotted on semi log graph paper, a one-to-one conversion of.A' to In A!
is accomplished. The slope of the curve at any time, t, is the negative
of the decay coefficient, X, of a single component decay line
25
-------
plotted tangential to the curve of Eq.'(6) at time, t. The slope is
also equivalent to the first derivative of the natural logarithm of
Eq . (6), giving:
(7) -X-^ In [AQ(F26e 26 + F^e 31 )], or
~Xn/-t ~X_^t
F26X26e + F31X316
Since the values F_, and F . can be expressed as complementary
proportions, the sum can be set equal to unity. Thus
(9) F26+F31 = 1.0
Since the time of comparison is from the start of repetitive counting,
t can be set equal to zero in Eq. (8), giving:
r26 r31
Substitution of Eq. (9) into Eq . (10) gives:
(11) X-.X26(1-F31)+X3lF31>or
(12) X = X26t U31 - X26) F31
The theoretical curve, obtained by substituting X26 = 0.0525 and
X3 = 0.0858 in Eq. (12) is:
(13) X = 0.0525 + 0.0333 F31
The curves calculated from the experimental data are:
(14) X_ = 0.045 + 0.044 FT1, and
Gamma 31
(15) ABeta = 0-037 + 0.045 F31
The accompanying graph, Figure 2, is a plot of the results. The beta
and gamma lines are essentially parallel to each other but not to the
theoretical line. The fact that the observed and theoretical lines
approach one another over increasing percentages suggests the presence
of contaminating beta-gamma emitter.
26
-------
.0950]
;
.085C
.075C
.065(
N>
-J
X
days
.055C
.045(
.035C
.025(
• i
-
. . . : i - ! ;
i ;
i • -
1
Figure 2. Observed Decay Rate vs. Proportion -1
;
.
'
-
. ] " '' ' •
i !...•.
. . : ....;.. j :
i ' " ' " ' I
• • • | - • 1 • ;
-•-!-. . ' -
. -^ •:.;••; ^-^
Theoretic
^^/-^
aT ^=^"! ^^^
\ .. ^^ "• . ' 1.1 ^
"^^ Gamma l^^ \ ; ^^^
^^
^^
^ i
"Beta ^
.^ \
^^^
• •.... . . . .
: :
i
r" r .-r
1
0 .10
-^
: ' • ; ' '
. . .. . i . . . • .
" j '
. ; ••
: •
i . '••
" \ ' , 1 . : ' '
1 i
^^
: : : :
...
• - -•;
-j - -
31 1 :::
• • • ! --
•
• .
^^
:.:
1
... .4. -
^
• — •-•••
... 1
•
•
!
•• '--
.. .._
:::L
. ....
^s-
^
~...~.
, — . .
.
.'. ::.:
^
_
.
••- - • •
^
_, , . _
^-""
:_^
• i
^
^^r\
: - • •
...-[.
i
! . ...
j
... ...
i
!
___:_;
- —
i
i
— — — — —
" ~
i
' •
j
. T
.
. .....
"i -" .-
i
. ! i
i
[
j
:
i
i
™ ~ i ' -
1
.20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70
i
1
1
. . . _.,
i
_i
. .... .._| _.
j
-— — •-— -
.
.:-.-:•:•! ::-....:•:::
.80 .90 1 .
>
00
Proportion 131I
-------
The average recovery of I and I by the Agl (Beta) procedure
never exceeded 64.8$ compared to the cubitalner data. One explanation
for radioactive iodine loss is that it could be due to the use of an
analytical procedure requiring many steps. The Agl precipitation
method as used herein would be unsuitable for field use due to the
131
low I recoveries. It should also be noted that the recoveries by
the Agl method were lower when the activity levels in the cubitainer
were below 1,000 pCi/liter in milk. This effect was also noted in
the ion-exchange procedure. The I and I recovery as measured
by the gamma scans of the Agl was 59.0 +_ 8.2%* compared to the cubitainer
milk. This was not significantly different from the recovery obtained
by beta counting.
The efficiency of the resin in the ion-exchange column, expressed as
percent retention, was also calculated. The results are shown In
Table 9 and graphically in Figure 3. it can be seen that the
efficiency of the resin decreases as the total activity in the milk
decreases. The correlation coefficient between the efficiency of the
resin and the logarithm of total activity in milk is 0.553.
It should be noted that the retention of iodine by the resin decreases
as the time between ingestion and milking increases as shown in
Figure 4. The decreased retention by the IXC could be attributed
to decreasing activity with time and in turn decreasing retention
with lower activity. The fact that the efficiency of resin appears to
drop with decreased activity in milk (Figure 3) is of considerable
interest. Further experiments are planned to Investigate these
findings.
The similarities of the milk secretion curves, despite the varying
ratios of the two radioiodines, permit grouping the data for an overall
consideration of iodine metabolism as it applies to milk. If the
activity in milk is normalized by setting the first value at 100$, and
subsequent values accordingly, and taking an average of the resultant
*value ^standard deviation.
28
-------
Table 9. Percent retained by the ion-exchange column.
131I + 126I nCi/liter
Cow Day
15 D+1
D+2
D+3
D+4
D+5
D+6
D+7
27 D+1
D+2
D+4
D+5
D+6
19 D+1
D+2
D+4
D+5
D+6
D+7
21 D+1
D+2
D+4
D+5
D+6
D+7
18 D+5
D+6
D+7
25 D+1
D*2
D+4
D+5
D+6
D+7
IXC
'460
180.
52
14
4.7
2.8
0.99
71
25
4.3
1 .9
0.90
280
94
5.9
1.8
0.75
0.56
370
140
13
4.4
2.2
0.95
3.4
1 .6
].Q
.130
.55
7.7
3.4
0.79
0.77
Effluent
13
3.6
1.5
0.4
0.21
0.14
0.12
12
3.3
0.55
0.28
0.18
8.9
3.3
0.31
0.13
0.11
0.17
12
6.0
0.47
0.25
0.26
0.29
0.19
0.14
" 0.083
12
4.7
0.27
0.18
0.090
0.28
% Retained*
IXC
97.2
98.0
97.2
96.9
95.7
95.2
89.2
Avg. 95.
85.5
88.3
88.6
87.2
83.3
Avg. 86.
96.9
96.6
95.0
93.3
87.2
76.7
Avg. 90.
96.8
95.9
96.5
94.6
93.2
76.6
Avg. 92.
94.7
92.0
92.3
Avg . 93 .
91 .5
92.1
96.6
95.0
89.8
73.3
Avq. 89.
6
6
9
3
0
7
29
-------
Table 9. (Conf)
131, f 126, nCi/liter
Cow Day
12 D+1
D+2
D+4
D+5
28 D+1
D+2
D+3
D+4
D+5
* IXC
/ ' A0 .. i / mm
IXC
1100
260
10 .
4.0
380
93
23
7.8
1 .9
Effluent
59
5.6
0.41
0.24
Avg.
11
3.0
0.97
0.25
0.14
Avg.
Grand Avg.
% Retained*
IXC
94.9
97.9
96.1
94.3
95.8
97.2
96.9
96.0
96.9
93.1
96.0
92.49±3.34**
**value ± standard deviation
30
-------
^ SEM I -LOG 4 PIT MM 1C
f^x A CYCLF.S v '>-~ •'• 'V^iONr-
KEUKKEl. 5 ^.S^7R CO
46 6O12
Ja. Ol CD
i i i
tn cn 0*1 oo to
en -j co o o
^00
95
90
'85
80
75
I i
70
•TTT
i ! i
—
4-1
4
-tf
H-H-
ttt
TH-Hitf
3:.
.41.
1
! !
IT
MI
*
•Hff
ftrf
T-ff
THT
Ml
tHr
tffi
III
f
:riu
I
102
103
101-
Iodine Concentration (pCi/liter)
105
106
-------
T
100
O
X
>-
CQ
Q
O
o
o
80
70
Figure 4. Retention of Iodine by
IXC vs. Time
Individual Determinations
Averaged Points
60
DAYS AFTER INGESTION
32
-------
8 values for each milking, then the curve in Figure 5 can be constructed,
The first two points on the curve indicate a 30.4 hour T ,, during the
G T T
first day after ingest ion which suggests that absorption of the oral
dose is not complete in five hours even though the measured peak value
for radioiodines in milk occurred in the first milking. The true peak
may have occurred sometime between the first and second milking. This
curve suggests a 15.3 +_ 0.43* hour T ,, for radioiodine in milk from
the first day through the fifth day after ingestion. This gradually
increases to about 3.2 days thereafter. If the oral dose had been com-
pletely absorbed in five hours> the 15.3 hour effective half-life
would have been observed from the first mil-king through the fifth day.
The cumulative percent of the ingested dose secreted in milk in
7 days, when rounded to the nearest 0.1/6, was identical to that for
12 days because of the low secretion after 7 days. The data agree
with that of Lengemann, et al (3,4) and are shown in Table 10 along
with other pertinent data.
Several interesting correlations are evident in the data of Table 10.
A plot of log cumulative percent in milk vs PBI (Figure 6) yields the
best fitting straight line with a correlation coefficient of -0.885,
if the data from cow 12 are omitted. The PBI value for this cow dropped
from 3.95yg$ before the experiment to 2.8)ag$ after the experiment
indicating some change in iodine metabolism was occurring during this
period. Thus, the cows with a high PBI secreted less radioiodine in
mi I k.
The log of peak yCi/liter when plotted against average liters per day
(Figure 7) indicates that the higher producing cows secreted fewer
pCi/liter. The correlation coefficient for these data is -0.767.
A similar calculation between total yCi in the first milking and average
liters/day yie.lds a correlation coefficient of -0.488. The higher
producing cows also secreted less cumulative percent into the milk in
12 days than the lower producing cows, (correlation coefficient =
-0.562)
*Value ^_ standard deviation.
33
-------
48
96 120
TIME AFTER INGESTION (hours)
168
-------
Table 10. Summary of data for correlation analyses,
VjJ
Cow
12
18
19
15
21
28
27
25
Average
I iters/day
15.6
16.2
16.9
19.7
21.7
27.0
31.9
35.6
Peak
yCi/l iter
1.7
.620
.31
.72
.39
.49
.086
.18
1st mil king
total yCi
12,0
3.7
2.0
5.2
2.8
5.1
1.1
2.4
Cumu lati ve
% in mi Ik -
12 days
22.2
10.0
6.6
12.2
9.16
1 1 .8
3.4
6.7
Blood
FBI
3.95
3.12
3.10
2.53
2.80
3.00
3.80
3.20
% Retained
by IXC
95.8
93.0
90.9
95.6
92.3
96.0
86.6
89.7
-------
lO'l,
2.0
-------
10'
Figure 7.
Peak uCi/liter in cow's
milk vs. average milk production
10
UJ
Q.
101
-2
10
15
20
25 30 35
AVERAGE LITERS PER DAY
40
45
50
-------
The equations of the regression lines are:
for Figure 6; % = 179e~1'°1P
where % = total % of ingested dose, secreted in milk for 12 days
P = PBI in yg$ '. ' ' '
.. ~ , , -0.0914L
for Figure 7; C = 3.3e
where C = Peak yCi/liter
L = Avg. Iiters/day
If the milk secretion data are to be used to study radioiodine metab-
olism, then the data of each milking should be decay corrected to
time of ingestion. When this was done, for example, to determine
the true percent of ingested iodine secreted in milk, the percent in
the milk increased only slightly (from 10.0 to 10.7$ in one case and
from 3.4 to 3.8% in another). Probably, the rapid change in concen-
tration with time causes only a slight error if decay is ignored.
The percent thyroid uptake in the calves (Table 7) was calculated by
using the decay-corrected, cumulative radioiodine intake on a given day
and the measured thyroid content of the following day. These types of
data are useful since a measurement of radioiodine in milk can be
used to estimate thyroid content one day after ingestion of the milk.
The standard method for measuring percent uptake corrects the thyroid
content for the radioactive decay for one day. Thus, to compare these
data with standard percent uptakes, each of the percent uptakes in
Table 7 should be divided by 0.918.
The thyroid average % uptake for each calf (Table 7) decreases as
the age of the calf (Table 3) increases (correlation coefficient = -0.968).
38
-------
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Table 11 summarizes some pertinent data from .the milk experiments.
The numbered paragraphs below indicate conclusions with respect to
the numbered objectives of Section 1.
1. Theoretical equations and experimental results support a con-
clusion that it is possible, over the range of relative percentages
of
1 9 fi
126
of I employed in this study . (0-20. 1 ), to detect and quantitate
I in the presence of I in milk samples by the simple
analytical technique of determination of the decay rate of the
combined radioiodines by taking repetitive gamma scans on the
same milk sample - even though the individual gamma energies
cannot be resolved.
The levels of 126I - 131I in milk from a I I cows given a single
ingestion dose of these radioiodines mixed in various propor-
tions peaked at five hours (first milking) after oral ingestion.
Following the second milking, secretion exhibited a T ,, ranging
from 12.5 to 18.0 hours with an average value of 14.4 hours. The
detection of radioiodine activity on cow saliva samples within
30 minutes after oral ingestion of the dose attests to the rapid
uptake and secretion of radioiodine by the cow. The percent of
ingested dose which appeared in the milk of individual cows corre-
lated inversely with the PBI level of the cow. High producing cows
apparently had a lower concentration of radioiodine in their milk
than the low producers.
Calf thyroid percent uptake from ingestion of milk contaminated
with radioiodine ranged from 8.4 to 13.2$ with an average of 11.15$.
The percent uptake correlated inversely with the age of the calves.
The T ,, in the thyroid ranged from 5.74 to 9.55 days with an average
e f T
of 7.46 days.
39
-------
Table 11. Summary of the mi Ik "resuIts.
Group Cow
1 15
27
II 19
21
III 18
25
IV 12
28
Percent
Ul d 1 1 *1 10£
P, 1 31 . izo.
Dose 1 1
yCi
119.6 79.9 20.1
122.2 86.9 13.1
114.2 93.0 7.0
116.8 100.0 0
Peak value
in milk
(nCi/l)
720
86
310
390
620
180
1700
490
Average
T ,, for
eff
milk
hours
13.6
18.0
12.5
15.7
12.8
17.8
12.6
12.4
14.4
T 1/2 in
milk
(days)
8.67
8.34
8.05
7.81
Average %
Recovered
by IXC
114.4±17.7*
78.3±17.6
107.6±16.9
107.8±16.7
111.4±20.6
108.3±20.0
126.7±16.3
118.2±21.5
109.1±18.4
Average %
Recovered
by Agl ,
beta count
57.1±12.7*
47.3±20.3
54.0±12.7
55.9±16.0
62.0±17.3
60.3+24.2
64.8±16.1
56.6±18.4
57. 2± 6.2
Average %
Recovered
by Agl,
gamma count
58.4+12.7*
46.2±25.2
50.9±16.4
53.7±19..1
59.6±19.7
60.8±24.6
75.9±28.1
66.4±32.5
59. 0± 8.2
*value ± standard deviation
-------
131 126
The recovery of I and I from milk by use of an ion-
exchange column, when compared to a gamma scan of milk in the
cubitainer, had a large standard deviation indicating further
experimentation is desirable prior to field use. Apparently
the recovery efficiency of the ion-exchange resin decreases
with lower activities of metabolized radioiodine in milk. In
addition, low recovery and large standard deviation in determining
the radioiodine in milk by our Agl precipitation method suggests
this method is not suitable for quantitative assay.
41
-------
REFERENCES
1. Porter, C. R. and M. W. Carter, Public Health Rpts. 80,
453-56 (May 1965).
2. Kahn, B., J. Agric. Food Chem. 13, 21-24 (1965).
3. Lengemann, F. W. and E. W. Swanson, J. Dairy Sci. 40,
216-24 (1957).
4. Lengemann, F. W., E. W. Swanson, and R. A. Monroe,
J. Dairy Sci. 40, 387-93 (1957).
5. Hine, G. J., G. L. Brownell, Radiation Dosimetry, Academic Press, Inc.,
New York, (1956) Page 868
6. Quimby, E. H., S. Feitelberg, S. Silver, Radioactive Isotopes in Clinical
Practice, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, (1958) Page 101.
7. Ibid, page 98
42
-------
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Data on Cows Prior to Experiment
Appendix B, Cow Milk and Feed Data
Appendix C. Activity on Kimwipes of Cows' Muzzles
Appendix D, Number of Samples Collected Daily
Appendix E. Milk Data for Group I Cows
Appendix F. Mi Ik Data for Group I I Cows
Appendix G. Mi Ik Data for Group I I I Cows
Appendix H. Milk Data for Group IV Cows
Appendix I. Ha If-lives (Days) as Determined from Beta
Decay of Agl Precipitates
43
-------
APPENDIX A
DATA ON COWS PRIOR TO EXPERIMENT
Cow
Group No.
1 15
27
1 1 21
19
I I I 18
25
Approximate
Aqe
8.5 Yrs.
4.0 Yrs.
3.5 Yrs.
9.0 Yrs.
7.0 Yrs.
7.0 Yrs.
Lactation
Period
6th
2nd
2nd
7th
5th
5th
Days in
Production
As of 8/11/65
215
7
73
213
177
24.
Days
Pregnant
As of 8/11/65
42
NP**
NP
NP
110
NP
Total Pro-
duction
Liters
4871.8
155.5
1779.6
4774.1
4019.6
667.3
Weight
of
Cows (kg)
707.6
689.5
585.1
626.0
653.2
630.5
DHIA
8/1/65
100
N R***
N R
111
93
89
Value*
9/1/65
100
105
99
110
95
90
IV 28 7.0 Yrs. 5th 110 69 3520.5 705.3 114 129
12 5.0 Yrs. 3rd 173 85 3699.1 712.1 94 96
*DHIA - The Dairy Herd Improvement Association - By applying certain factors to the extrapolated
records, a herd average cow standard of 100 is established. Each cow is rated monthly in comparison
to this herd average cow. The standard takes into account the 305 day milk production, butterfat content
and age of the cow.
**NP - Not Pregnant
***N R - No rating
-------
APPENDIX 3
COW Ml LK AND FEED DATA
Group
1
1 1
1 1 1
IV
*N T
Cow
No.
15
27
21
19
18
25
28
12
- No test
Average Da i ly
Product i on -L i tens
7/20/65
20.2
25.9
23.8
18.4
17.7
31.8
28.4
16.3
8/11/65
19.7
31.9
21.7
16.9
16.2
35.6
27.0
15.6
% Butterfat
8/1/65
3.0
N T*
3.2
4.0
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.5
9/1/65
2.8
2.5
3.5
3.7
3.1
2.4
2.8
3.4
Average
Da i 1 y Fat
7/20/65-8/11/65
606
N
761
736
513
826
852
570
.0
T
.6
.0
.3
.8
.0
.5
Content-Grams
8/11/65-9/1/65
551
797
759
625
502
854
756
530
.6
.5
.5
.2
.2
.4
.0
.4
Average Dai 1 y
ConsurnDtion(kq)
Hay
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.9
Gra i n
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2,8"
2.8
-------
APPENDIX C
ACTIVITY OF KIMWIPES OF COWS' MUZZLES
Time Activity Time of 131I 126I Total
Group Cow Given Wipes (nCi) (nCi) (nCi)
I 15 0955 1017 3.0 2.1 5.1
27 1025 1031 0.74 0.52 1.3
II 19 1010 1019 1.8 . 0.73 2.5
21 1000 1018 2.7 1.1 3.8
IN 18 1020 1030 0.86 0.27 1.1
25 0950 1016 6.4 2.0 8.4
IV 12 1005 1019 1.5 0 1.5
28 0945 1015 6.3 0 6.3
46
-------
APPENDIX D
NUMBER OF SAMPLES COLLECTED DAILY
Individual Samples
Mi Ik
a.m. p.m.
Date
8/10/65
to
9/1/65
Group F
I 2
1 1 2
III 2
IV 2
NF
2
2
2
2
F
2
2
2
2
NF
0
0
0
0
F - Forma Ii n
NF - No Forma Ii n
Hay, water and grain samples were taken daily from the common source.
47
-------
APPENDIX E
Milk Data for Group I Cows (15 and 27). Received 79.9$ mI ' + 20.1$. 126I
Table E-I Cow 15 Radioiodine Results in Milk from Gamma Scan
Table E-2 Cow 27 Radioiodine Results in Milk from Gamma Scan
Table E-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Table E-4 Radioiodine Results from Ion-exchange Study
Table E-5 Radioiodine Results from Silver-iodide Procedure
Table E-6 Comparison of Radioiodine Results Between Silvern-iodide
Procedure and Gamma Scan of Cubitainer
Figure E-l Repetitive counts on the First Milk Sample from Group I
Cows
48
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E- 1 Cow
Date
August 1965
1 1 p.m.
12 a.m.
p.m.
13 a.m.
p.m.
14 a.m.
p.m.
15 a.m.
p.m.
16 a.m.
p.m.
17 a.m.
p.m.
18 a.m.
p.m.
19 a.m.
p.m.
20 a.m.
p.m.
21 a.m.
p.m.
1 5 Radioiodi ne Resu
nCi/l iter
131|
580 1
310
240
120
59
30
9.7
8.1
5.1
2.9
1.6
1.2
I.I
0.99
0.80
0.69
0.19
0.36
0.57
0.29
0.50
126|
50
80
62
32
16
8.3
2.7
2.2
1.5
0.86
0.48
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.26
0.23
0.06
0.12
0.20
O.fO
0.18
Its in Mi Ik
Sum
730
390
300
150
75
38
12
10
6.6
3.8
2.1
1.6
1.4
1 .3
I.I
0.91
0.25
0.48
0.77
0.39
0.68
from Gamma Scan
Production
Liters
7.2
1 1.3
7.2
10.9
8.2
12.2
7.2
13.1
8.2
12.7
7.2
12.7
7.2
11.8
8.2
1 1.8
8.2
1 1.3
8.2
1 1.3
8.6
Total 131I +
126I MCi
5.2
4.4
2.2
1.6
0.62
0^46
0.086-
0.13
0.054
0.048
0.015
0.020
0.010
0.015
0.0090
0.01 1
0.0020
0.0054
0.0063
0.0044
0.0058
-------
APPENDIX E
Table
Date
22
23
24
25
26
27
30
31
E- 1 (continued)
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
a.m.
p.m.
nCI/l
0.70
0.26
0.21
0.72
0.18
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.16
0.13
0.10
iter
126|
0.26
0.096
0.080
0.27
0.068
0.071
0.066
0.065
0.068
0.059
0.051
Sum
0.96
0.36
0.30
0.99
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.23
0. 18
0.16
Production
Liters
12.2
7.2
11.3
7.7
11.7
12.2
12.2
7.2
12.2
11.3
8.6
Total 131I +
126I yCi
0.012
0.0026
0.0034
0.0076
0.0028
0.0031
0.0028
0.0016
0,0028
0.0020
0.0014
September
1
2
a.m.
p.m.
0.095
O.I 1
0.048
0.058
0.14
0.17
1 1.3
8.6
0.0016
0.0015
50
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E-2 Cow
Date
August 1965
1 1 p.m.
12 a.m.
p.m.
13 a.m.
p.m.
14 a.m.
p.m.
15 a.m.
p.m.
16 a.m.
p.m.
17 a.m.
p .m.
18 a.m.
p.m.
19 a.m.
p.m.
20 a.m.
p.m.
21 a.m.
p.m.
27 Radio!
nCi/l
69
55
36
17
1 1
7.4
5.0
3.2
2.2
1.3
0.89
0.61
0.68
0.50
0.51
0.47
0.30
0.23
0.20
0.35
0.21
odine Resul
iter
126|
17
14
9.6
4.5
3.0
2.1
1.4
0.91
0.65
0.37
0.27
0.19
0.21
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.099
0.077
0.069
0. 12
0.075
Its in Mi Ik
Sum
86
70
46
21
14
9.4
6.5
4.1
2.9
1.6
1,2
0.79
0.89
. 0.66
0.67
0.62
0.40
0.30
0.27
0.48
0.29
from Gamma Scan
Production
13.1
17.7
12.7
17.7
22.2
19.5
14.0
19.5
12.7
20.3
13.6
12.3
13.1
25.4
13.1
19.5
13.1
19.0
14.1
19.9
21.3
Total 131I +
126I yCi
1. 1
1.2
0.58
0.37
0.31
0.18
0.091
0.080
0.037
0.032
0.016
0.0098
0.012
0.017
0.0088
0.012
0.0052
0.0057
0.0038
0.0096
0.0062
51
-------
APPENDIX E
Table
Date
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
E-2 (continued)
nCi/l iter
131| 126|
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p .m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p .m.
0.15
0.25
0. 14
0.16
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.14
O.I 1
0. 15
0.14
0.099
0.076
0.073
0.055
0.091
0.054
0.060
0.055
0.058
0.057
0.058
0.047
0.061
0.058
0.046
0.036
0,036
Sum
0.21
0.34
0.20
0.22
0.20
0.21 .
0.20
0.20
0. 16
0.21
0.19
l
0.15
0. 1 1
O.I 1
Production
Liters
19.0
12.6
18.5
12.6
17.2
>I2.6
16.4
13.5
19.0
12.6
18.5
12.2
19.4
15.8
Total 131I +
126 1 yCi
0.0040
0.0043
0.0037
0.0028
0.0034
0.0026
0.0033
0.0027
0.0030
0.0026
0.0035
0.0018
0.0021
0.0017
September
a.m.
0.
0.053
0. 16
18.5
0.0030
52
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Cow Day Counted
15 0.44
2.30
4.65
9.20
13.78
19.29
24.00
27 0.46
2.29
4.66 ,
9.21
13.79
19.29
24.00
nd/liter*
490
330
280
255
155
92
66
58
44
36
32
19
12
8.3
tt = 8.67 days 131I = 79.9$
'Z
^Activity in the 0.36 MeV channel
53
-------
103
12 16
Day Counted
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E-4
Pnw 1 "5
O^JW 1 -*
Date
Ra d i o i
odine Resu
1 ts f rom
Ion-exchange 'Column ' '
131,
126,
Tota 1 '
Ion-exchange Study (nCi/II
' 'Effluent
131, 126, Tota,
ten)
' ' Sum
nCi
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
370
150
40
1 1
3.6
2.1
0.75
0.42
0.28
0.23
0.24
0.20
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.083
95
39
1 1
3.0
I.I
0.66
0.24
0.14
0.096
0.079
0.092
0.078
0.075
0.066
0.059
0.039
460
• 190
52
14
4.7
2.8
0,99
0.56
0.38
0.31
0.34
0.28
0.26
0.23
0.20
0. 12
10 2.6 13.
2.9 .0.77 3.7
1.2 0.32 1.5
0.35 0.10 0.45
0.16 0.048 0.21
0.11 0.033 0.14
0.092 0.029 0.12
0.050
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
470
. 190
54
14
4.9
2.9
I.I
0.61
0.41
0.34
0.37
0.30
0.28
0.25
0.22
0.13
0.094 0.051 0.15 0.010 0.16
55
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E-4
Cow 27
Date
(conti nued)
Ion-exchange Column
131|
1261
Tota 1
Effluent
131| 1261 Total
'Sum
nCi
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
24
25
26
27
30
September
4
56
20
9.5
3.4
1.5
0.69
0.27
0. 15
0.10
0.071
0.10
0.095
0.071
0.044
0.071
15
5.3
2.7
0.97
0.44
0.21
0.086
0.050
0.034
0.027
0.041
0.039
0.031
0.021
0.039
71
25
12
4.3
1.9
0.90
0.36
0.20
0.13
0.099
0.14
0.14
0.10
0.065
0.01 1
9.5 2.5 12
2.6 0.70 3.3
0.70 0.30 1.0
0.43 0.12 0.55
0.22 0.064 0.28
0.14 0.042 0.18
0.030
0.02
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
ND*
0.010
83
28
13
4.9
2.2
I.I
0.39
0.22
0.14
O.I 1
0.15
0.15
O.I 1
0.065
0.012
*ND = non-detectable
56
-------
APPENDIX E
Table
Cow 15
Date
August
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
E-5 Radioiodine
Total
Beta Activity
1965
250
100
30
6.1
2.4
1.2
0.63
0.38
0.20
0.22
0.14
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.093
0.066
Results from
Si Iver-iod
Gamma Activity
131,
180
70
20
1.2
0.77
0.42
0.21
0. 10
0.13
0.067
0.083
0.075
0.077
0.042
126]
46
19
5.5
0.36
0.24
0.13
0.068
0.035
0.044
0.024
0.032
0.030
0.032
0.020
ide Procedure
Chemica 1
Yield-#
86.8
80.2
83.5
81 .5
8.2.0
82.0
74.2.
71 .6
72.9
66.3
71 .8
77.1
73.6
75.3
(nCi/l iter)
Total Y
Activity
250
1 10
30
1 .8
1 .2
0.67
0.36
0.20
0.23
0.14
0.17
0.14
0.15
0.082
September
1
4
0.075
0.069
0.051
0.034
0.026
0.018
91 .1
78.9
0.085
0.066
57
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E-5
Cow 27
(conti nued)
Tota 1
Date Beta Activity
i
Gamma Activity
Chemica 1
131J 126I Yield-#
Total y
Activity
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
1
4
42
20
7
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.7
.2
.91
.49
.23
.13
.086
.1 1
.11
.061
.090
.083
.070
.037
.056
.043
29
10
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.6
.58
.40
.16
.079
.027
.086
.032
.024
.040
.049
.08
.029
.081
7
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.5
.8
.4
.47
.17
.12
.052
.026
.09
.030
.012
.09
.016
.020
.02
.015
.044
94.
60.
84.
84.
83.
90.
82.
76.
75.
78.
55.
69.
81.
79.
71.
85.
87.
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
6
0
4
3
2
3
2
4
0
4
38
22
7
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.6
.5
.91
.58
.27
.14
.048
.15
.078
.048
.069
.087
.014
.052
.14
58
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E-6 Comparison of Radioiodine Results Between Silver-iodide
Procedure and Gamma Scan of Cubitainer
Cow 15
Date
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
1
riCi/! iter
Cubitainer
390
150
38
10
3.8
1.6
1.3
0.91
0.48
0.39
0.30
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.23
0. 18
0.14
' ' 3 Ag 1 *
250
100
30
6.1
2.4
1.2
0.63
0.38
0.20
0.22
0.14
0.17
0.16
0. 14
0.093
0.066
0.075
Percent Recovered
Y Agl
250
1 10
30
1.8
1.2
0.67
0..36
0.20
0.23
0.14
0.17
0. 14
0. 15
0.082
0.085
Average**
0 Agl
64. 1
66.7
78.9
61.0
63.2
75.0
48.5
41.8
41.7
56.4
46.7
70.8
64.0
60.9
40.4
36.7
53.6
57. l±
Y Agl
64. 1
73.3
78.9
47.4
75.0
51.5
39.6
41 .7
59.0
46.6
70.8
56.0
65.2
45.6
60.7
12.7 58.4±I2
Ag i Ps beta count of Agl, ~is gamma count of Agl.
**average ± standard deviation.
59
-------
APPENDIX E
Table E-6 (continued)
Cow 27
Date
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
77
£- 1
30
September
nCi/l
Cub i taF her v 3
70
21
9.4
4.1
1.6
0.79
0.66
0.62
0.30
0.48
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.16
0 1 Q
u . i ?
O.I 1
liter
Agl*
42
20
7.7
2.2
0.91
0.49
0.23
0.13
0.086
0. 1 1
O.I 1
0.061
0.090
0.083
n D7n
\J . U / U
0.037
Y Ag 1 '
38
22
7.6
2.5
0.91
0.58
0.27
0.14
0.048
0.15
0.078
0.048
0.069
0.087
0.014
Percent
" " 3 Ag 1
60.0
95.2
81.9
53.7
56.9
62.0
34.8
21.0
28.7
22.9
55.0
30.5
45.0
51.9
•Zf. Q
-JO . O
33.6
Recovered
' Y Agl
54.3
104.8
80.9
61.0
56.9
73.4
40.9
22.6
16.0
31.3
39.0
24.0
34.5
54.4
12.7
0.16
0.056 0.052 35.0 32.5
Average 47.3±20.3 46.2±25.2.
*S Agl and y Agl represent beta and gamma counting, respectively, of
the AgI .
**average ± standard deviation.
60
-------
APPENDIX F
Milk Data for Group I I Cows (.19 and 21) Received 86.9% 1311 + 15.1% 126I
Table F-I Cow 19 Radloiodine Results in Milk from Gamma Scan
Table F-2 Cow 21 Radioiodine Results in Milk from Gamma Scan
Table F-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Table F-4 Radioiodine Results from Ion-exchange Study
Table F-5 Radioiodine Results from Silver-iodide Procedure
Table F-6 Comparison of Radioiodine Results Between Silver-iodide
Procedure and Gamma Scan of Cubitainer
Figure F-I Repetitive Counts on the First Milk Sample Procedure
and Gamma Scan of Cubitainer
-------
APPENDIX F
Table
Date
August
1 1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
F- 1 Cow
1965
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p .m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p .m.
a.m.
p.m.
p.m.
19 Radioiodine Resu
nCi/liter
131,
270
210
160
74
46
14
9,4
4.2
2.7
1.2
0.76
0.51
0.86
0.58
0.81
0.37
0.51
0.26
0.53
0.48
126|
41
33
24
12
7.4
2.3
1.6
0.71
0.47
0.21
0.14
0.094
0. 16
0. II
0. 16
0.073
0.10
0.053
O.I 1
0.10
Its in Mi Ik
Sum
310
240
180
86
53
16
1 1
4.9
3.2
1.4
0.90
0.61
0. 10
0.69
0.96
0.45
0.61
0.32
0.64
0.58
from Gamma Scan
Production
Liters
6.3
10.0
7.2
1 1.3
6.8
1 1.8
6.8
10.9
7.2
1 1.8
6.8
10.9
6.8
10.8
6.3
9.5
6.3
10.0
6.8
1 1.8
Total 131I +
126I yCi
2,0
2.4
1.3
0.97
0.36
0.19
0.075
0.053
0.023
0.017
0.0061
0.0066
0.0068
0.0075
0.0060
0.0043
0.0038
0.0032
0.0044
0.0068
62
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-l
(continued)
Date
22
23
24
25
26
27
a.m.
a .m.
p.m.
a.m.
p .m.
a .m.
a.m.
a.m.
nCi/liter
0.48
0.14
0.58
0.25
0.97
0.4
0.13
0.12
126|
0.10
0.031
0.13
0.057
0.23
0.033
0.033
0.030
Sum
0.58
0.17
0.71
0.31
1.2
0.17
0.17
0.15
Production
Liters
10.8
10,8
6.3
1.0.4
5.4
10.4
9.5
9.9
Total 131I +
0.0063
0.0018
0.0045
0.0032
0.0065
0.0018
0.0016
0.0015
September
1
2
a.m.
p.m.
0.097
0.13
0.029
0.040
0.13
0.17
9.5
6.7
0.0012
0.001 1
63
-------
APPENDIX F
Table
Date
August
1 1
12
13
14 •
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
F-2 Cow
1965
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
'a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m,
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
21 Radioiodine Resu
nCi/liter
131,
340
300
210
85
44
23
17
8.5
6.1
2.8
2.8
1.2
1.5
1.0
0.92
0.50
0.48
0.30
0.32
0.29
0.35
126|
52
46
32
14
7.2
3.9
0.80
0.15
O.I 1
0.49
0.51
0.22
0.29
0.19
0. 18
0.099
0.096
0.061
0.065
0.062
0.074
Its in Mi 1
Sum
390
340
240
99
51
27
18
10
7.1
3.3
3.3
1 .4
1.8
1.2
I.I
0.60
0.58
0.36
0.38
0.36
0.42
1 k Gamma Scan
Production
Liters
7.2
12.2
7.2
1 1.8
10.0
13.6
7.7
14.0
10.4
14.0
8.6
13.1
7.7
14.0
8.6
14.0
8.6
14.0
8.2
14.5
8.2
Total 131I +
126 1 yCi
2.8
4,1
1.7
1,2
0.51
0.37
0.14
0.14
0.074
0,046
0.028
0.018
0.014
0.017
0.0095
0.0084
0.0050
0.0050
0,0031
0.0052
0.0034
64
-------
APPENDIX F
Table
Date
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
F-2 (continued)
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a ,m.
p .m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m. .
p.m.
nCi/li
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.23
0. 19
0.25
0.16
0. 18
0. 17
0.15
0.13
0.13
0. 1 1
0.064
ten
126|
0.040
0.043
0.042
0.052
0.043
0.058
0.039
0.043
0.042
0.039
0.034
0.035
0.031
0.019
Sum
0.23
0.24
0.23
0.28
0.23
0.31
0.20
0.22
0.21
0.19
0. 17
0.16
0.14
0.084
Production
Liters
13.5
7.2
14.0
8.6
12.6
7.7
14.0
8.1
14.0
7.2
13.1
6.3
13.1
8. 1
Total 131I +
126 1 yCi
0.0031
0.0017
0.0032
0.0024
0.0029
0.0024
0.0028
0.0018
0.0029
0.0014
0.0022
0.0010
0.0018
0.0068
September
1
a.m.
0. 12
0.037
0.16
10.4
0.0017
65
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Cow
19
21
Day Counted
0.47
2.32
4.67
9.28
13.76
23.97
0.46
2.31
4.66
12.08
13.75
19.30
23.97
nCt/l!ter*
220
170
140
120
72
3.3
280
180
160
99
80
51
29
tj = 8.34 days 131I = 86.9$
-2
^Activity in the 0.36 MeV channel
66
-------
103 l
Day Counted
67
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-4 Radioiodine Results from Ion-exchange Study CnCi/liter)
Cow 1 9 '
Date l
August 1965
on-exchange Column
31,
12 240
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
26
27
30
September
3
81
18
5.0
1.6
0.63
0.47
0.32
0.18
0.20
0.16
O.I 1
0.12
0.093
0.038
0.095
126|
38
13
3.0
0.86
0.28
0.12
0.090
0.063
. 0.036
0.041
0.035
0.025
0.030
0.024
0.01 1
0.031
Tota 1
280
94
21
5.9
1.8
0.75
0.56
0.38
0.22
0.24
0. 19
0. 14
0.15
0.12
0.049
0.013
Ef f luent
131, 126 | Tota,
7.7 1.2 8.9
2.8 0.45 3.3
2.4 0.57 3.0
0.26 0.045 0.31
0.11 0.020 0.13
0.092 0.017 0.11
0.014 0.027 0.17
0.030
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
• Sum
nCi
290
97
23
6.2
1.9
0.86
0.73
0.41
Ol24
0.26
0.21
0.15
0.16
0.13
0.050
0.014
68
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-4
Cow 21
Date
(continued)
Ion-exchange Column
131|
126|
Total
Effluent
131, 126, Tota|
' 'Sum •
. nCi
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
3
320
120 .
33
1 1
3.8
1.8
0.80
0.40
0.24
0.17
0.17
0.14
0.13
0. 12
0.12
0.073
0.057
49
19
5.5
1.8
0.67
0.34
0.15
0.078
0.049
0.035
0.039
0.032
0.031
0.029
0.032
0.021
0.019
370
140
39
13
4.4
2.2.
0.95
0.48
0.29
0.20
0.21
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.16
0.094
0.076
10 1.6 12
5.2 0.83 6.0
1.7 0.32 2.0
0.40 0.069 0.47
0.21 0.037 0.25
0.14 0.025 0.16
0.24 0.045 0.29
0.040
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
-
ND*
380
150
41
13
4.7
2.4
1.2
0.52
0.31
0.22
0.23
0.18
0,17
0.16
0. 17
0.10
0.08(
*ND = non-derectabIe
69
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-5 Radioiodine Results from Silver-Iodide Procedure (nCi/liter)
Cow 19
Date Bet
August 1965
12 1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
30
September
1
3
Total
a Activity
50
44
10
3.5
0.87
0.44
0.32
0.19
0.13
0.12
O.I 1
0.090
0.091
0.093
0.042
0.056
0.046
Gamma Act!
vi ty
Chemical
131I 126I Yield-#
120 ' 1
29
62
25
0.61
0.25
0.20
O.I 1
0.054
0.041
0.068
0.029
0.063
0.060
0.026
0.041
0.027
8
4.7
1.0
0.42
O.I 1
0.046
0.038
0.021
0.0! 1
0.09
0.015
0.07
0.015
0.015
0.07
0.012
0.09
89.4
78.9
78.9
81 .0
80.7
85.2
84.4
75.0
81 .5
71.0
78.9
76.5
81.0
80.7
80.0
80.2
74.4
Total y
Activity
160
43
9.1
3.6
0.89
0.35
0.28
0.17
0.080
0.070
0.11
0.046
0.096
0.093
0.041
0.066
0.048
70
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-5
Cow. 21
(continued)
Total
Date Beta Activity
Gamma Activity
131,
126|
Chemica 1
Total y
Activity
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
1
2
210
63
18
7.6
2.7
I.I
0.63
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.093
0.067
0.047
0.055
0.044
140
43
. 1 1
5.9
1.9
0.91
0.40
0.071
0.098
O.I 1
0.044
0.085
0.050
0.023
0.041
0.022
22
6.9
1.9
1.0
0.34
0.17
0.075
0.014
0.020
0.025
0.010
0.020
0.012
0.07
0.012
0.07
90.0
78.9
77.6
92.3
87.1
93.4
82.1
76.3
79.2
78.9
73.1
86.5
78.9
81.3
77.1
89.4
73.6
180
63
1 .7
7.4
2.6
1 .2
0.58
O.I 1
0.15
0.17
0.074
0.12
0.078
0.038
0.059
0.039
71
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-6 Comparison of Radioiodine Results Between Silver-iodide
Procedure and Gamrna Scan of Cubitainer
Cow 19
Date
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
26
September
nCi/l iter .
Cubi tai ner
240
86
16
4.9
1.4
0.61
0.69
0.45
0.32
0.17
0.31
0.17
0.17
3 Agl*
150
44
10
3.5
0.87
0.44
0.32
0. 19
0.13
O.I 1
0.090
0.091
0.093
Y Agl
160
43
9.1
3.6
0.89
0.35
0.28
0. 17
0.080
O.I 1
0.046
0.096
0.093
Percent
6 Agt
62.5
51.2
62.5
71.4
62.1
72.1
46.4
42.2
40.6
64.7
29.0
53.5
54.7
Recovered
Y Agl
66.7
50.0
56.9
73.5
63.6
57.4
40.6
37.8
25.0
64.7
14,8
56.5
54.7
0. 13
.0.056 0.066 43. I 50.8
Average** 54.0+12.7* 50.9H6.4
*3 Agl and y Agl are beta and gamma counts of the Agl.
**average ± standard deviation.
72
-------
APPENDIX F
Table F-6 (continued)
Cow 21
Date
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
1
nCi/ liter
Cubital her
340
99
27
10
3.3
1.4
1.2
0.36
0.36
0.23
0.23
0.20
0.21
0.17
0.14
0. 16
'3 Agl*
210
63
18
7.6
2.7
I.I
0.63
0.17
0. 17
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.093
0.067
0.047
0.055
Percent Recovered
Y Agl
180
63
17
7.4
2.6
1.2
0.58
0.58
0.15
0. 17
0.074
0. 12
0.078
0.038
0.059
Average**
B Aql Y
61.8
63.6
66.7
76.0
81.8
78.6
52.5
52.5
47.2
73.9
43.5
50.0
44.3
39.4
33.6
34.4
55.9±I6.0
Aql '
52.9
63.6
63.0
74.0
78.8
85.7
48.3
30.6
41.7
73.9
32.2
60.0
37. 1
27.1
36.9
53.7±I9
*3 Agl and y Agl are beta and gamma counts of the Agl.
**average ± standard deviation.
73
-------
APPENDIX G
Milk Data for Group I 11 Cows CIS and 25) Received 93.0$ 1311 + 7.0% 126|,
Table G-l Cow 18 Radioiodine Results in Milk from Gamma Scan
Table G-2 Cow 25 Radioiodine Results In Milk from Gamma Scan
Table G-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Table G-4 Radioiodine Results from Ion-exchange Study
Table G-5 Radioiodine Results from Silver-iodide Procedure
Table G-6 Comparison of Radioiodine Results Between Silver-iodide
Procedure and Gamma Scan of Cubitainer
Figure G-l Repetitive Counts on the First Milk Sample From Group III
Cows
74
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-l Cow
Date
August 1965
1 1 p.m.
12 a.m.
p.m.
13 a.m.
p.m.
14 a.m.
p.m.
15 a.m.
p.m.
16 a.m.
p.m.
17 a.m.
p.m.
18 a.m.
p.m.
19 a.m.
p.m.
20 a.m.
p.m.
22 a.m.
p.m.
18 Radioi
nCf/l
131,
560
360
280
92
47
24
16
6.3
3.9
1.9
1.6
I.I
1.4
1.0
I.I
0.75
I.I
0.55
0.82
0.86
0.74
odine Resul
i'ter
126 |
64
42
33
1 1
5.8
3.0
2.0
0.82
0.52
0.25
0.21
0.15
0.20
0. 15
0.16
I.I
0.16
0.084
0.13
0.14
0.12
Its in Mi Ik
Sum
620
410
310
100
53
27
18
7. 1
4.5
2.1
1 .8
1.2
1.6
1.2
1.3
0.86
1.2
0.64
0.94
1.0
0.87
from Gamma Scan
Production
Liters
5.9
9.5
5.4
11.3
6.8
10.9
5.4
M.3
6.8
11.3
5.9
10.4
5.4
7.7
8.2
7.7
7,2
10.0
6.8
9.9
5.8
Total131! +
126I yCi
3.7
3.8
1.7
I.I
0.36
0.29
0.097
0.080
0.031
0.024
0.01 1
0.012
0.0086
0.0092
0.01 1
0.0066
0.0086
0.0064
0.0064
0.0099
0.0050
75
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-l (continued)
Date
August 1965
23 a.m.
p.m.
24 a.m.
p.m.
25 a.m.
26 a.m.
27 a.m.
30 a.m.
31 p.m.
September
1 a.m.
2 p.m.
nCi/l
0.34
0.87
0.38
0.81
0.28
0.26
0.19
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.13
iter
126|
0.057
0.15
0.060
0.14
0.051
0.049
0.037
0.032
0.032
0.031
0.032
Sum
0.39
1.0
0.44
0.95
0.33 . .
0.31
0.23
0. 18
0.18
0. 17
0.17
Production
Liters
9.9
5.4
11.3
5.4
9.9
10.4
10,8
9.5
7.2
8.6
5.8
Total 131I +
126I yCi
0.0039
0.0059
0.0050
0.0051
0.0033
0,0032
0.0025
0.0017
0.0013
0.0015
0.0010
76
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-2 Cow
Date
August 1965
11 p.m.
12 a.m.
p.m.
13 a.m.
p.m.
14 a.m.
p.m.
15 a.m.
p.m.
16 a.m.
p.m.
17 a.m.
p.m.
18 a.m.
p.m.
19 a.m.
p .m.
20 a.m.
p.m.
21 a.m.
p .m.
25 Radioi
nCl/l
131j
160
90
74
41
24
16
1 1
4.5
3.7
2.3
0.58
1.3
1.3
0.84
0.86
0.53
0.49
0.40
0.27
0.16
0.49
odi ne Resu 1
iter
126|
19
1 1
8.7
5.0
2.9
2.0
1.4
0.58
0.48
0.30
0.078
0.17
0. 18
0.12
0.12
0.078
0.073
0.061
0.042
0.025
0.078
ts in Mi Ik
Sum
180
100
83
46
27
18
12
5.0
4.2
2.6
0.66
1.4
1.5
0.96
0.98
0.60
0.57
0.46
0.31
0.18
0.57
from Gamma Scan
Production
Liters
13.1
19.5
13.1
18.6
13.6
20.4
15.4
23.1
14.0
23.1
14.9
17.2
14.5
23.6
14.0
23.6
14.0
23.1
16.3
23.6
13.6
Total 131I +
126 1 yCi
2.4
2.0
I.I
0.86
0.37
0.37
0,18
0,12
0.059
0.053
0.0098
0.024
0.022
0.023
0.014
0.014
0.0080
0.01 1
0.0051
0.0042
0.0078
77
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-2 (continued)
Date
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
p.m.
a.m.
p.m.
nCi/l
0.28
0.21
0.20
0.16
0.31
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.23
0.18
0.22
0.19
0.22
0. 15
0.092
iter
126)
0,046
0.035
0.034
0.028
0.053
0.039
0.041
0.045
0.044
0.034
0.043
0.037
0.046
0.032
0.020
Sum
0.33
0.25
0.23
0.19
0.36
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.28
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.27
0.18
0. 1 1
Production
Liters
24.0
13.1
20.3
13.1
21.7
14.9
21.2
14.9
21.7.
13.4
24.9
13.1
12.6
20.3
15.4
Total 131I +
126I yCi
0.0079
0.0033
0.0047
0.0025
0.0078
0.0039
0.0057
0.0043
0.0061
0.0029
0.0067
0.0030
0.0034
0.0037
0.0017
September
1
a.m.
0. 12
0.026
0.14
20.3
0.0028
78
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Cow
18
25
Day Counted
0.50
2.32
4.67
9.29
13.77
23.96
0.55
2.35
4.67
9.30
13.77
19.32
23.95
nCi/liter*
450
320
250
220
130
51
130
92
73
63
35
24
16
tj, = 8.05 days 131I = 93.0$
^Activity in the 0.36 MeV channel
79
-------
103
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-4
Cow 1 8
Date
Radioiodi
ne Res ul
Its from Ion-exchange Study
Ion-exchange -Col umn • Ef fluent- ••
131|
126|
Total 131t 126I .
CnCi/ liter)
Tota 1 . .
Sum
nCi
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
3
430
120
31
9.5
3.0
• 1.4
0.91
0.69
0.42
0.35
0. 15
0.34
0.26
0.24
0.20
0.064
0.069
50
14
3.9
1.2
0.40
0. 19
0.13
0.10
0.063
0.054
0.025
0.060
0.046
0.045
0.038
0.014
0.017
480 35 4.9
130 8.5 1.5
35 2.6 0.36
II 0.88 0.12
3.4 0. 17 0.023
1.6 0.12 0.016
1.0 0.072 0.010
0.79
0.48
0.40
0.17
0.40
0.30
0.29
0.23
0.078
0.087
40
10
3.0
1.0
1.9
1.4
0.082
0.070
0.040
0.030
0.010
0.030
0.030
0.020
0.020
0.010
ND*
520
140
38
12
. 3.6
1.7
I.I
0.86
0.52
0.43
0. 18
0.43
0.33
0.31
0.25
0.090
0.090
*ND = non-detectable
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-4
Cow 25 -
Date l
August 1965
12 1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
3
(continued)
on-exchange
Co 1 umn
31| 126|
20 1
49
19
6.9
3.0
0.69
0.67
0.44
0.28
0.17
0.35
0.21
0. 19
0. 15
0. 15
0.12
O.I 1
4
5.9
2.4
0.89
0.41
0.095
0.096
0.065
0.042
0.027
0.060
0.037
0.034
0.0 8
0.029
0.025
0.026
Total .
130
55
21
7.7
3.4
0.79
0.77
0.51
0.32
0.20
0.41
0.25
0.22
0.18
0.18
0.14
0. 13
Effluent
131 1 1-2S'| Total
10 1.2 II
4.2 0.50 4.7
2.7 0.34 3.0
0.24 0.031 0.27
0.16 0.021 0.18
0.078 0.010 0.090
0.25 0.035 0.28
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.040
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
' Sum
nCi
140
60
24
8.0
3.6
0.88
LI
0.55
0.35
0.22
0.45
0.27
0.24
0.20
0.20
0.15
0.14
82
-------
APPENDIX G
Table
Cow 18
Date
August
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
G-5 RadFo iodine
Total
Beta Activity
1965
300
65
18
7.2
1.9
0.92
0.62
0.47
0.27
0.23
0.26
0.20
0.18
0. 18
0.13
0.063
Results from Silver-
Gamma Activity
131,
190
47
12
5.9
1 .5
0.61
0.47
0.30
0.21
0.15
0.20
0.12
O.I 1
O.I 1
0.035
126|
22
5.7
1 .5
0.76
0.20
0.084
0.066
0.044
0.032
0.023
0.034
0.020
0.019
0.021
0.010
iodide Procedure
Chemica 1
Yield-$
84.7
79.2
75.2
92. 1
87.3
84.2
92.8
80.2
85.5
67.6
76.3
78.9
76.5
83.6
83.9
72.6
(nCi/l 1 ten)
Total y
Activity
250
67
19
7.3
1 .9
0.82
0.57
0.42
0.28
0.25
0.30
0.18
0.16
0.16
0.059
September
1
3
0.092
0.066
0.044
0.051
0.010
0.012
73.9
82.8
0.073
0.076
83
-------
APPENDIX G
Tab le G-5
Cow 25
Date B€
(conti nued)
Total
Gamma Activity
3ta Activity 131 1
126|
Chemica 1
Total y
Activity
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
1
3
78
13
4.2
1.9
1.2
0.43
0.19
0.21
0. 16
0. 14
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.068
0.049
0.054
46
17
9.0
3.9
1 .6
0.93
0.29
0. 13
0,15
O.I 1
0.12
0.085
0.077
0.050
0.028
0.057
5.4
2.1
I.I
0.50
0.22
0. 13
0.041
0.019
0.024
0.019
0.020
0.015
0.014
0.01 1
0.010
0.014
79.2
, 76.5
83.6
94.2
91 .3
92.6
82.1
92. 1
80.5
82.1
75.7
74.2
79.7
84.2
82.8
84.4
88.9
64
25
12
4.7
2.0
1.2
0.40
0.16
0.21
0.16
0.18
0.13
O.I 1
0.074
0.040
0.080
84
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-6 Comparison of Radioiodine Results Between Silver-iodine
Procedure and Gamma Scan of Cubitalner
Cow 18
Date
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
1
nCi
Cubitainer
410
100
27
7. 1
2.1
1.2
1.2
0.86
0.64
0.39
0.44
0.33
0.31
0.23
0. 18
0.17
/I iter
6 Agl*
300
65
18
7.2
1.9
0.92
0.62
0.47
0.27
0.26
0.20
0. 18
0. 18
0. 13
0.063
0.092
Percent Recovered
Y Agl
250
67
19
7.3
1.9
0.82
0.57
0.42
0.28
0.30
0. 18
0.16
0. 16
0.059
0.073
Average**
6 Ag!
73.2
65.0
66.7
101 .4
90.5
76.7
51.7
54.7
42.2
66.7
45.5
54.5
58.1
56.5
35.0
54. 1
62. Oil
Y Agl
61.0
67.0
70.4
102.8
90.5
68.3
47.5
48.8
43.8
76.9
40.9
48.5
51.6
32.8
42.9
17.3 59.6±I9
Agl and y Agl are beta and gamma counts of the Agl.
**average ± standard deviation.
85
-------
APPENDIX G
Table G-6 (continued)
Cow 25
Date
August 1965
12
| -z.
\ J
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
nCi/i
Cubitainer
100
Af.
HO
18
5.0
2.6
1.4
0.96
0.46
0. 18
0.23
0.36
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.18
1 i:ter
P Agl*
78
13
4,2
1.9
1.2
0.43
0.19
0.21
0.16
0. 14
O.I 1
0.12
0. 12
0.068
Y Agl
64
915
£-J
12
4.7
2.0
1.2
0.40
0.16
0.21
0.16
0.18
0.13
O.I 1
0.074
Percent
P Ag[
78.0
"•••"•^^
72.2
84.0
73.1
85.7
44.8
41.3
116.7
69.6
38.9
40.7
42.9
44.4
37.8
Recovered
Y Agi
64.0
^4 ^
J^r . _J
66.7
94.0
76.9
85.7
41.7
34.8
1 16.7
69.6
50.0
48.1
39.3
41.1
0.14
0.049 0.040 35.0 28.6
Average** 60.3±24.3 60.8±24.6
*8 Agl and y Agl are beta and gamma counts of the Agl.
**average ± standard deviation.
86
-------
APPENDIX H
Milk Data for Group IV Cows (12 and 28) Received 100.0%'131I.
Table H-l Cow 12 Radioiodine Results in Milk from Gamma Scan
Table H-2 Cow 28 Radioiodine Results in Milk from Gamma Scan
Table H-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Table H-4 Radioiodine Results from Ion-exchange Study
Table H-5 Radioiodine Results from Silver-iodide Procedure
Table H-6 Comparison of Radioiodine Results Between Silver-iodide
Procedure and Gamma Scan of Cubitafner
Figure H-l Repetitive Counts on the First Milk Sample From Group IV
Cows
87
-------
APPENDIX H
TABLE H-l Cow
Date
August 1965
1 1 p.m.
12 a.m.
p.m.
13 a.m.
p.m.
14 a.m.
p.m.
15 a.m.
p.m.
16 a.m.
p.m.
17 a.m.
p .m.
18 a.m.
p.m.
19 a.m.
p .m.
20 a.m.
p .m.
21 a.m.
p.m.
12 Radiolodine Results
131)
nCi/ liter
1700
980
700
140
99
41
20
8.2
5.1
2.8
2.4'
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.0
I.I
2.0
1.3
1.4
7.8
1.4
in Milk f rom Gamma
Production
Liters
6.8
7.7
6.3
8.6
6.3
10.0
6.8
10.0
5.4
10.9
7.2
8.6
5.9
7.7
17.7
7.7
6.8
9.5
5.4
8.2,
6.3
Scan
Total 131I
yC! '
12
7.5
4.4
1.2
0.62
0.41
0.14
0.082
0.028
0.031
0.017
0.013
0.01 1
0.017
0.035
0.085
0,014
0.012
0.0076
0.0064
0.088
88
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-l
Date
23 a.m.
p.m.
24 a.m.
p.m.
25 a.m.
26 a.m.
27 a.m.
29 p.m.
30 a.m.
31 p.m.
September
1 a.m.
(conti nued)
131,
nCi/l iter
0.61
I.I
0.54
0.76
0.52
0.44
0.40
0.14
0.27
0.25
0.14
Production
Liters
9.0
6.7
8.1
6.7
9.5;
9.9
10.4
6.7
8.6
5.8
7.7
Total 131I
nCi
0.0055
0.0074
0.0044
0.0051
0.0049
0.0044
0.0042
0.0094
0.0023
0.0015
0.001 1
89
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-2 Cow
Date
August 1965
1 1 p.m.
12 a.m.
p.m.
13 a.m.
p.m.
14 a.m.
p.m.
15 a.m.
p.m.
16 a.m.
p.m.
17 a.m.
p.m.
18 a.m.
p.m.
19 a.m.
p.m.
20 a.m.
P .IT).
21 a.m.
p.m.
28 Radioiodine Results
131,
nCi/l iter
490
300
190
70
36
18
10
4.8
2.8
1.2
0.98
0.82
0.83
0.56
0.89
0.44
0.48
0.34
0.26
0.29
0.27
in Milk f rom Gamma
Production
Liters
10.4
14.9
10.4
15.9
10.9
16.8
10.9
18.6
1 1.3
17.7
11.3
13.6
12.7
16.8
10.9
16.8
10.9
17.2
1 1.3
16.7
10.4
Scan
Total 131I
yd
5.1
4.5
2.0
I.I
0.39
0.30
O.I 1
0.089
0.032
0.021
0.01 1
0.01 1
0.01 1
0.0094
0.0097
0.0074
0.0052
0.0058
0.0029
0.0048
0.0028
90.
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-2
Date
22 a.m.
p.m.
23 a.m.
p.m.
24 a.m.
25 a.m.
p.m.
26 a.m.
p.m.
27 a.m.
30 a.m.
31 p.m.
September
1 a.m.
(conti nued)
131 I
nCi/liter
0.16
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.15
0.20
0.16
O.I 1
O.I 1
0.13
Production
Liters
18.5
9.0
17.2
9.0
16.3
17.2
9.9
16.7
9.5
17.6
16.7
10.8
14.0
Total 131 1/
yCi
0.0030
0.0021
0.0041
0.0023
0.0034
0.0036
0.0020
0.0025
0.0019
0.0028
0.0018
0.0012
0.0018
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-3 Repetitive Counts on D-Day Milk
Cow Day Counted
12 0.55
2.36
4.68
9.30
13.75
19.33
24.20
28 0.56
2.37
4.68
9.31
13.75
19.33
23.94
yCi/liter*-
1.3
0.80
0.77
0.64
0.35
0.24
0.14
0.38
0.25
0.28
0.18
0.10
0.065
0.043
tj, = 7.81 days 131I = 100$
^Activity in the 0.36 MeV channel
92
-------
12 16
Day Counted
20
24
28
93
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-4 Radioiocli rie Results from Ion-exchange Study (nCi/liter)
Cow 12
Date
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
3
Resi n
131|
1 100
260
46
10
4.0
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.2
0.73
0.62
0.73
0.54
0.42
0.37
0.29
0.18
Effluent
131,
59
5.6
3.9
0.41
0.24
0.20
0. 19
0. 19
0. 12
0.060
0.050
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
Total
nCi
1 100
270
50
1 1
4.2.
2.0
2.1.
2.0
1.3
0.79
0.67
0.79
0.59
0.46
0.40
0.31
0.19
94
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-4 (continued)
Cow 28
Date
August 1965
12
• 13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
Resi n
131,
380
93
23
7.5
1.9
1.5
0.56
0.37
0.25
0. 15
0.25
0.24
0.15
0. 13
0. 14
0.10
Effluent
131,
1 1
3.0
0.97
0.25
0. 14
0. 10
0.055
0.030
0.020
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Total
nCi
390
96
24
7.8
2.1
1.6
0.61
0.40
0.27
0.16
0.27
0.26
0. 16
0. 14
0.15
0. 1 1
0.059 0.060
95
-------
APPENDIX H
Table
Cow 12
Date
August
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
H-5 Radio iodine
Total
Beta Activity
1965
530
130
23
6.3
2.3
1 .2
I.I
0.97
0.53
0.49
0.39
0.32
0.27
26 0.26
27 0.20
30 0.13
31 0.12
September
3
0. 1 1
Results from Silver-
Gamma Activity
131,
730
140
14
7.6
3.1
I.I
1.2
0.48
0.16
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.14
0. 15
iodide Procedure
Chemica 1
Yield-$
86.8
79.7
82.3
93.8
93.9
84.6
85.7
78.7
88.8
76.6
76.4
90.6
82.3
100.0
(nCi/l iter)
Total y
Activity
840
180
17
8.1
3.3
1.3
1.4
0.61
0.18
0.30
0.34
0.32
0.17
0.15
96 '
-------
APPENDIX H
Table
Cow 28
Date
August
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
H-5 (continued)
Total
Beta Activity
1965
220
39
12
4.7
I.I
0.40
0.30
0.22
0.15
0.13
0. 17
0.10
0.084
0.085
0.089
0.036
Gamma Activity
131,
250
34
13
6.2
1 .2
0.47
0.22
0.15
0.14
0.093
0.010
0.10
0.020
Chemical
Yield-$
89.5
73.6
83.9
98.4
92.3
100.0
88.0
75.0
87.5
77.5
76.9
90.9
84.2
Total Y
Activ ity
280
46
15
6.3
1 .3
0.47
0.25
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.010
O.I 1
0.020
September
1
3
0.043
0.041
0.068
0.063
91 .8
75.9
0.074
0.083
97
-------
APPENDIX H
Table
Cow 12
Date
August
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
31
H-6 Comparison of
Procedure and
Radtoiodlne Results Between
Gamma Scan of Cubital her.
nC!/ liter ..
Cubltalner g Agl*
• 1 965
980
140
41
8.2
2.8
1.5
2.2
1. 1
1.3
0.78
0.61
0.54
0.52
0.44
0.40
0.27
0.25
530
130
23
6.3
2.3
1.2
I.I
0.97
0.53
0.49
0.39
0.32
0.27
0.26
0.20
0.13
0. 12
Y Agl
840
180
17
8.1
3.3
1.3
1.4
0.61
0.18
0.30
0.34
0.32
0. 17
average**
Si Iver- iodide
Percent
* Ag 1
54. 1
92.8
56.1
76.8
82. 1
80.0
50.0
88.2
40.8
62.8
63.9
59.3
51.9
59.1
50.0
48. 1
48.0
62.6±I5
Recovered
Y Agl
85.7
128.6
41.5
98.8
1 17.9
86,7
63.6
78.2
29.5
55.6
65.4
72.7
63.0
.6 75.9128.
*3 Agl and Y Agl are beta and gamma counts of the Agl.
**average ± standard deviation.
98
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-6 (continued)
Cow 28
Date
August 1965
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
September
1
nCi
Cubitainer
300
70
18
4.8
1.2
0.82
0.56
0.44
0.34
0.29
0.24
0.21
0.21
0.15
0.16
0. 1 1
0.13
'/liter
3 V\g 1 *
220
39
12
4.7
I.I
0.40
0.30
0.22
0.15
0. 13
0.17
0.10
0.084
0.085
0.089
0.036
0.043
Percent Recovered
Y Agl
280
46
15
6.3
1,3
0.47
0.25
0.20
0.16
0. 12
0.013
O.I 1
0.20
0 . 074
average**
3 Agf
73.3
55.7
66.7
97.9
91.7
48.8
53.6
50.0
44. 1
44.8
70.8
47.6
40.0
56.7
55.6
32.7
33. 1
56.6±l
Y Agl '
93.3
65.7
83.3
131.3
108.3
57.3
44.6
69.0
66.7
57.1
6.2
73.3
17.3
56.9
8.4 66.4±32.l
*B Agl and y Agl are beta and gamma counts of the Agl.
**average ± standard deviation.
99
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APPENDIX
Ha If- lives (Days) as Determined from Beta Decay
Date
August
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
Av
Std.
Dev.
Group
Av
Std.
Dev.
Group
15
1965
8.5
9.0
8.7
8,5
9.2
8.7
8.5
8.7
8.2
9.5
10.2
10.0
9.2
9.0
10.0
9.6
0.6
9.42
1.37
i Cows
27
9.5
9.5
8.5
8.2
8.2
9.2
9.0
12.0
13.0
1 1.5
9.0
13.0
10.0
7.0
9.0
9.77
1.8
'Group
' 19
8.4
8.7
9.2
8.0
8.5
9.0
8.5
10.0
9.0
1 1 ,0
1 1.5
10.0
8.5
7.0
8.0
9.02
1.2
9.07
1.07
1 t Cows
21
9.0
8.5
9.0
8.0
9.0
9.0
6.7
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.7
10.0
9.2
10.0
9.1 1
1.0
Group ' 1
18
8.0
8.0
9.0
8.0
7.5
8.7
9.0
9.0
8.7
8.5
10.2
9.2
9.7
9.0
8.0
8.70
0.7
8.74
0.78
of Agl Precipitates
1 t 'Cows
25
8.0
7.5
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.2
10.7
9.0
10.0
9.0
8.7
8.79
0.9
'Group
12
8.5
6.2
7.7
9.0
8.2
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.7
8.0
9.0
8.2
9.5
7.7
8.21
0.8
8.41
0.82
IV Cows
28
8.2
8.0
8.5
8.0
9.0
9.0
8.0
8.5
7.5
10.5
9.2
9.5
9.2
9.0
7.0
8.61
0.9
100
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DISTRIBUTION
1 - 20 SWRHL, Las Vegas, Nevada
21 Robert E. Miller, Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
22 R. H. Thalgott, Test Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
23 Henry G. Vermillion, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
24. Chief, NOB/DASA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
25 Robert R. Loux, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
26 D. W. Hendricks, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
27 E. D. Campbell, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
28 Technical Library, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
29 Mail & Records, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
30 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
31 Director, DMA, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
32 John S. Kelly, DPNE, USAEC, Las Vegas, Nevada
33 Daniel W. Wilson, Div. of Biology & Medicine, USAEC, Washington, D. C.
34 Philip Allen, ARL/ESSA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada
35 Gilbert Ferber, ARL/ESSA, Silver Springs, Maryland
36 - 37 Charles L. Weaver, BRH, PHS, Rockville, Maryland
38 John C. Villforth, Director, BRH, PHS, Rockville, Maryland
39 John G. Bailey, BRH, PHS, Rockville, Maryland
40 Regional Representative, BRH, PHS, Region IX, San Francisco, Calif.
41 Bernd Kahn, BRH, RATSEC, Cincinnati, Ohio
42 Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory, Winchester, Mass.
43 Southeastern Radiological Health Laboratory, Montgomery, Ala.
44 W. C. King, LRL, Mercury, Nevada
45 John W. Gofman, LRL, Livermore, California
46 Harry L. Reynolds, LRL, Livermore, California
47 Roger Batzel, LRL, Livermore, California
-------
Di stri i)ution(convi nued)
48 Ed Fleming, LRL, Livermore, California
49 Wm. E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
50 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico
51 Arden E. Bicker, REECo. , Mercury, Nevada
52 Clinton S. Maupin, REECo. , Mercury, Nevada
53 Byron Murphey, Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex.
54 R. H. Wilson, University of Rochester, New York
55 R. S. Davidson, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
56 Steven V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.
57 - 58 DTIE, USAEC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
59 Wm. Link, BRH Library, ECA, Rockville, Maryland
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