SWRHL-53r SPECIAL BOVINE SAMPLING STUDY—PROJECT ROLLERCOASTER SITES by Raymond A. Brechbill Animal Investigation Program BioenvironmentaI Research Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service June 1969 This surveillance performed under a Memorandum Understanding (No. SF 54 373) for the U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION of ------- LEGAL, NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United States, nor the Atomic Energy Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission: A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the in- formation contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not in- fringe privately owned rights; or B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method, or pro- cess disclosed in this report. As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" in- cludes any employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent that such employee or,contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares, dissemin- ates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employ- ment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such contractor. 100 ------- SWRHL-53r SPECIAL BOVINE SAMPLING STUDY—PROJECT ROLLERCOASTER SITES by Raymond A. BrechbiI I Animal Investigation Program BioenvironmentaI Research Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service June 1969 This surveillance performed under a Memorandum of Understanding (No. SF 54 373) for the U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ------- ABSTRACT Six bovine, three young animals and three aged animals, that had been grazing on or near the 1963 Project Rollercoaster sites were sacrificed in April 1967 to assess the body burden of 239Pu in these animals. Levels found in various tissues were higher than those found in bovine grazing on the NTS but far below the MPC levels established for humans. The maximum dose an individual could receive from consuming tissue from these animals is negligible. No pathology was found on either gross or microscopic examination that could be directly related to radiation. Due to the obscure etiology of the described lesions, it would be impossible to reach any definite conclusions as to their origin; but it would appear to be due to some other cause than radiation, since the body burden of 239Pu was well below those levels known to induce detectable radiation damage. No statistical difference was found in the levels of 239Pu between the young and aged animals. Hilaria jameaii constituted 86% of the animals' diet. ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION REFERENCES APPENDIX DISTRIBUTION i ii i i i 1 2 3 7 10 11 n ------- LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Concentrations of pCi 239Pu/g Ash Found in Selected Biological Samples Collected from Young and Aged Bovine Grazing on the Project Rollercoaster Sites. 4 Table 2. Statistical Summary of 239Pu Concentrations in pCi/g Ash Found in Selected Biological Samples Collected from Young and Aged Bovine Grazing on the Project Rollercoaster Sites. 5 Table A-l. Gamma Spectroscopy - Rumen Contents. 11 Table A-2. Gamma Spectroscopy - Thyroid. 11 Table A-3. Gamma Spectroscopy - Abomasum Contents. 12 Table A-4. Gamma Spectroscopy - Abomasum Tissue. 12 Table A-5. Gamma Spectroscopy - Lung. 13 Table A-6. Gamma Spectroscopy - Muscle. 13 Table A-7. Gamma Spectroscopy - Liver. 14 Table A-8. Bone Femur - 89Sr and 90Sr Results - Duplicate Samples. 14 1 1 ! ------- INTRODUCTION During Project Rollercoaster which was held in the spring of 1963 on the Tonopah Test Range, 239Pu was liberated in each of four separate events. As a result of these events, the Atomic Energy Commission, Nevada Opera- tions Office (AEC/NVOO) in 1967 requested the U.S. Public Health Service, Animal Investigation Program to conduct a followup study of the cattle grazing on the contaminated sites to assess the uptake of this particular radionuclide. ' (2) According to Glora and Aokiv ' considerable degradation of detectable surface activity has been noted on the sites; however, they further stated, "239Pu is still present in sufficient quantity to present a potential health hazard unless access is adequately controlled." Although the project sites have been reasonably well closed to humans since the time of the events, range cattle have grazed periodically on and near the sites following the test series. The most highly contaminated portion of each Rollercoaster site is fenced to control access. ------- METHODS Six head of range cattle (three mature animals and three young animals) which had been grazing on the Project Rollercoaster sites were purchased from the Daniel's Ranch Estate, transported to the Well 3 facility at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), and sacrificed on 26 April 1967. Methods utilized for this sacrifice and investigation were essentially the same as those outlined in SWRHL ITR-11^ and those in AIP-3(3) except for the submission of additional biological samples for 239Pu analysis, additional tissue samples for histopathology, and rumen content samples for food habit analysis. A portion of the biological sample was first submitted for gamma spectros- copy and then recombined with the remaining portion for 239Pu analysis. The following biological samples were collected: 1. For gamma spectroscopy: 2. For radiochemistry: Abomasum Contents Bone, Femur (Left & Right) Abomasum Tissue Kidneys Liver Liver Lung, Tips of Each Lobe Lungs Muscle Muscle Rumen Contents Pulmonary Lymph Nodes Thyroid Rumen Contents Spleen 3, For histopathology: Bone (Costochondral Junction 8th Rib) Muscle Heart Pulmonary Lymph Nodes Kidney Spleen Liver Thyroid Lung Abnormal Tissue Tissue samples were taken from three young and three old bovine. Plutonium-239 analysis was then done on these samples. The pCi/g ash ------- concentrations found in the tissues are given in Table 1. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each tissue for the three young, the three aged, and the combined group. Nondetectable activities were treated as zero in these calculations. A t-statistic was calculated for the difference between the means of the young and aged bovine for each tissue. RESULTS The average concentrations of plutonium-239* in bone was 3.86 ± 3.35 pCi/g ash (Table 1). Values in other biological samples ranged from a low of 0.09 ± 0.03 pCi/g ash in liver to a high of 0.80 + 0.41 in spleen. Average strontium-89 and -90 values in bone of 6.7 ± 1.7 and 11.7 ± 0.6pCi/g ash, respectively, are comparable to those values found in bovine from other areas on the state and the NTS.' ' Iodine-131 at an average level of 6.28 pCi/g tissue was detected in each thyroid sampled. Other programmed nuclides were nondetectable in most samples collected. Those few exceptions were at or near nondetectable levels with our count- ing systems. The calculated t-statistics can be compared with the t-distribution values for four degrees of freedom: t(95%) = 2.776 and t(99%) = 4.604. No significant difference was found between the young and aged bovine tissues. The means, standard deviations, and t-statistics are presented in Table 2. Gross and microscopic pathology in this group of six cows (Appendix B) fell within three categorical groups. Group 1 would be those lesions directly attributable to the method of sacrifice and the terminal struggling prior to death. Included in this group would be all gross *Plutonium-239 accounts for 95% of the Pu counted. ------- Table 1. Concentrations of pCi 239Pu/g Ash Found in Selected Biological Samples Collected from Young and Aged Bovine Grazing on the Project Rollercoaster Sites. TISSUE Bone (Femur) AGED BOVINE YOUNG BOVINE BOV-1- N14-67 9.20 ± 0.52* Liver 0.07 ± 0.04 Lung 0.31 ± 0.02 Muscle 0.67 ± 0.14 Rumen Contents 0.81 ± 0.06 Spleen 0.87 ± 0.14 Pulmonary Lymph Nodes N.D.** Kidney 0.34 ± 0.03 BOV-2- BOV-3- BOV-4- BOV-5- BOV-6- N14-67 ,M4-67 Ml 4-67 N14-67 NT 4-67 0.92 ± 0.23 0.60 ± 0.06 1.81 ± 0.33 5.25 ± 0.39 5.38 ± 0.44 0.07 ± 0.05 0.11 ± 0.04 0.07 ± 0.06 0.12 ±0.07 0.12+0.06 0.38 ± 0.12 0.35 ± 0.07 2.40 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.06 0.20 ± 0.07 0.26 ± 0.11 N.D. 0.52 ± 0.13 0.56 ± 0.13 0.63 ± 0.14 0.77 ± 0.07 0.27 ± 0.07 1.29 ± 0.91 0.72 ± 0.07 0.37 ± 0.08 0.90 ± 0.08 0.52 ± 0.10 0.67 ± 0.17 1.50 ±0.20 0.32 ±0.17 1.00 ± 0.90 N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.09 ± 0.05 1.46 ± 0.10 0.38 ± 0.06 0.06 ± 0.06 0.97 ± 0.16 0.51 + 0.10 *Counting Error - 2 a **Not Detectable ------- Table 2. Statistical Summary of 239Pu Concentrations in pCi/g Ash Found in Selected Biological Samples Collected from Young and Aged Bovine Grazing on the Project Rollercoaster Sites. Tissue Bone (Femur) Liver Lung Muscle Rumen Contents Spleen Pulmonary Lymph Nodes Kidney Three Aged Bovine 3.57 ± 4.88* 0.08 ± 0.02 0.35 ± 0.04 0.31 ± 0.34 0.62 ± 0.30 0.76 ± 0.21 0.33 ± 0.58 0.73 ± 0.64 Three Young Bovine 4.15 ± 2.02 0.10 ± 0.03 0.90 ± 1.30 0.57 ± 0.06 0.79 ± 0.46 0.83 ± 0.61 0.03 ± 0.05 0.51 ± 0.46 All Six Bovine 3.86 ± 3.35 0.09 ± 0.03 0.62 ± 0.88 0.44 ± 0.26 0.70 ± 0.36 0.80 ± 0.41 0.18 ± 0.40 0.62 ± 0.51 t-Statistic 0.16 0.78 0.60 1.07 0.44 0.15 0.73 0.39 *Mean ± Standard Deviation about the Mean. ------- and microscopic lesions described in the lung, focal hemorrhage in the cortex and medulla of a lymph node, fracture of a mandible, rupture of the rumen wall with spillage of rumen contents into the peritoneal cavity, myositis, and focal accumulations of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the sinusoids of the liver, and of mononuclear leucocytes in the cardiac muscle. Group 2 would be those lesions that are generally considered to be of an acquired nature. Included in this group would be the following micro- scopic lesions: sarcosporidia in the cardiac and skeletal muscles and focal acute interstitial nephritis and focal pyelonephritis in the kidney. Group 3 would be those lesions that could possibly be attributable to prolonged exposure to small quantities of alpha, beta, or gamma radiation. Included in this group would be the following microscopic lesions: an increase in the connective tissue in the medulla and a degree of lymphoid exhaustion in the cortex of a lymph node, focal accumulations of immature and mature lymphocytes in the kidney suggestive of an early lymphosarcoma, and moderate myeloid metaplasia in a spleen. Hilaria jamesii constituted 86% of the six animals' diet on this range (Appendix C). ------- DISCUSSION The isotope 239pu W1'th a physical half-life of 2.44 X 10k years and a biological half-life of about 200 years is of major concern when it is available to biological organisms. Essentially, the total quantity of plutonium which is incorporated into an organism remains there and provides a constant lifetime dose. Since plutonium is primarily an alpha emitter, the hazard is from internal deposition and subsequent incorporation into the cells of the organism. Only about 0.003%^ ' of ingested plutonium is absorbed into the blood and available to the body for metabolism. Inhalation is the most important consideration. On the Rollercoaster sites, 239Pu is avail- able to bovine by both routes. However, the results obtained from this study indicate that the major route is ingestion, since the pul- monary lymph nodes contained essentially nondetectable amounts of this isotope. The critical organ for this isotope is bone. The maximum permissible body burden for man as shown in the National Bureau of Standards Handbook 69^) is 0.04 yCi. Considering that 90% of this isotope is deposited in bone and using the standard man's 7,000 g bone mass with a conversion factor of about 30% ash weight, we can convert the maximum permissible body burden as (40,000 pCi) (0.9 bone deposition) = 17.1 pCi/g bone ash MPBB (7,000 g) (0.3 conversion wet bone to ash) This is a factor of almost twice the maximum bone burden of any of the animals and slightly more than four times the average burden. It is realized that only general comparisons can be made between man and bovine. No MPBB has been calculated for bovine; and, since bovine have much shorter life spans than man, these MPBB's obviously would not be the same. Since the cattle that graze on this area are sold on the open market and available for general public consumption, the maximized dose a person ------- would receive eating 8 oz of meat at each meal for 50 years has been calculated, Assuming that the amount of 239Pu would remain the same in the muscles of these animals for 50 years. 24 oz,meat x 28.4 £ = 682 g/day x 0.44 Pl u = 300 pCi/day day oz 9 Critical organ = bone. ICRP II data: f = 2.4 x 10" s w Teff = 7.2xlO»day + xfiff = y.^JQU = 9.6X10'6 day"1 m = 7xl03 g bone ZEF(RBE) n = 270 Assume 50 year irradiation and intake -> then percent equilibrium reached is l-e"At =0.16 from ICRP II P = daily intake to bone = ^ x f w = 300x10" 6x2. 4x10" 5 = 7. 2x10" 9 Integrated dose: (270) <50x365) - = 2.4 rem At the end of 50 years a person would have received 2.4 rem. This may be compared to a recommended dose of 0.5 rem/year for members of the general public (ICRP 9 ) or 0.5 X 50 = 25 rem in 50 years. It appears from these calculations that the potential hazard to the public from consuming this meat is negligible. Group 1 lesions attributable to the method of sacrifice are presented primarily for clarification of the overall picture. These lesions will vary with each individual animal and each sacrifice and have no clinical significance in our studies. 8 ------- Group 2 lesions were consistent with previously reported lesions in cattle sacrificed at Knoll Creek, Delamar Valley, and the Nevada Test Site semi annually. These lesions are assumed to be due to natural pro- cesses occurring in random populations. Group 3 lesions are of a type that could be attributable to prolonged exposure to low levels of ingested radioisotopes. The lesions have also been described in animals throughout the United States that have had no known exposure to radiation above background levels. The species of grass Hilaria jamesii when present on grazing areas is commonly a major portion of the bovine diet. This food habit analyses indicated no deviations from the expected diet. ------- REFERENCES: 1. Defense Atomic Support Agency. Nuclear Branch, Atomic Weapons Train- ing Group, Field Command. 1963. Hazardous materials associated with nuclear energy. Sandia Base, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 70 p. 2. Glora, M. A., and I. Aoki. 1966. Radiological conditions at Project Rollercoaster sites - 1965. NVO-162-19. Reynolds Electr. & Eng. Co., Inc., NVOO, Mercury, Nev. 28 p. 3. Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory. Animal Investigation Program, Bioenvironmental Research. 1964. Routine bovine sampling study. Protocol AIP-3. USPHS, Las Vegas, Nev. 3 p. 4. Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory. Animal Investigation Program, Bioenvironmental Research. 1967. Special bovine sampling study, Project Rollercoaster sites. Protocol AIP-16. USPHS, Las Vegas, Nevada. 3 p. 5. Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory. Bioenvironmental Research. 1967. Progress report of the Animal Investigation Program, June ls 1964 through December 31, 1965, part I, veterinary public relations and animal investigations. Intralaboratory Report ITR-11. USPHS, Las Vegas, Nev. 91 p. 6. Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory. Animal Investigation Program, Bioenvironmental Research. 1967. Progress report of the Animal Investigation Program, June 1, 1964, through December 31, 1965S ' part II, routine bovine sampling studies. Bioenvironmental Research Report BER-8. USPHS, Las Vegas, Nev. 113 p. 7. U.S. Department of Commerce. 1959. Maximum permissible body burdens and maximum permissible concentrations of radionuc'ides in air and in water for occupational exposure. National Bureau o<~ Standards Handbook 69. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, D.C. 95 p. 10 ------- APPENDIX 12 A. Radioanalysis Results B. Pathology 15 C. Food Habit Results 21 11 ------- APPENDIX A RADIOANALYSIS RESULTS Table A-l. Gamma Spectroscopy - Rumen Contents. AIP NO. BOV-l-RuC-67 BOV-2-RuC-67 BOV-3-RuC-67 BOV-4-RuC-67 BOV-5-RuC-67 BOV-6-RuC-67 AVERAGE pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND .836 pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 106Ru pCi/g ND ND ND .313 ND ND 137Cs / pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND K g/g .0020 ND .0012 ND ND .0019 .0017 ND = Nondetectable Table A-2. Gamma Spectroscopy - Thyroid. AIP NO. BOV-l-Th-67 BOV-2-Th-67 BOV-3-Th-67 BOV-4-TH-67 BOV-5-Th-67 BOV-6-Th-67 AVERAGE 131j pCi/g 4.43 5.13 7.74 5.76 6.98 7.76 6.28 i^Ce pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 140Ba pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 106Ru pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 137Cs pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND K g/g .0080 ND ND ND ND ND ND = Nondetectable 12 ------- Table A-3. Gamma Spectroscopy - Abomasum Contents. AIP NO. BOV-l-AbC-67 BOV-2-AbC-67 BOV-3-AbC-67 BOV-4-AbC-67 BOV-5-AbC-67 BOV-6-AbC-67 AVERAGE 131j pCi/g .109 ND ND .014 ND .313 .145 l^Ce pCi/g ND ND ND .052 ND ND ^°Ba pCi/g ND ND ND .051 ND .173 106Ru pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 137Cs pCi/g .440 ND ND ND .209 .191 .280 K g/g .0032 0060 .0046 .0043 .0027 .0059 .0044 ND = Nondetectable Table A-4. Gamma Spectroscopy - Abomasum Tissue. AIP NO. BOV-l-AbT-67 BOV-2-AbT-67 BOV-3-AbT-67 BOV-4-AbT-67 BOV-5-AbT-67 BOV-6-AbT-67 AVERAGE 131j pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND i^Ce pci/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 14°Ba pci/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 106Ru pCi/g ND .353 ND ND ND ND 137Cs pCi/g ND ND .067 ND ND ND K g/g .0019 .0016 .0017 ,0025 .0027 .0040 .0024 ND = Nondetectable 13 ------- Table A-5. Gamma Spectroscopy - Lung. AIP NO. BOV-l-Lu-67 BOV-2-Lu-67 BOV-S-Lu-67 BOV-4-Lu-67 BOV-5-LU-67 BOV-6-Lu-67 131! pCi/g ND ND ND .137 ND ND if4Ce pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND llt0Ba pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 106Ru pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 137Cs pCi/g .070 ND ND ND ND ND K g/g .0020 ND ND ND ND .0021 ND = Nondetectable Table A-6. Gamma Spectroscopy - Muscle. AIP NO. BOV-l-Mu-67 BOV-2-Mu-67 BOV-3-MU-67,- BOV-4-MU-67 BOV-S-Mu-67 BOV-G-Mu-67 AVERAGE 131j pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND i^Ce pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND i"°Ba pCi/g .036 ND ND ND ND ND 106Ru pCi/g ND ND ND ND .129 ND 137Cs pCi/g .090 ND ND .041 .113 .145 .097 ' I K g/g .0029 .0043 .0042 .0035 .0046 .0046 .0040 ND = Nondetectable 14 ------- Table A-7. Gamma Spectroscopy - Liver. AIP NO. BOV-l-Li-67 BOV-2-L1-67 BOV-3-L1-67 BOV-4-L1-67 BOV-5-U-67 BOV-6-L1-67 AVERAGE 131! pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND ^"Ce pCi/g ND ND ND .415 ND .605 i"°Ba pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 106Ru pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND 137Cs pCi/g ND ND ND ND ND ND K g/g .0029 .0039 .0020 .0020 .0024 .0033 .0027 ND = Nondetectable Table A-8. Bone Femur - 89Sr and 90Sr Results - Duplicate Samples, pCi 89Sr/g Ash pCi 90Sr/g Ash Counting Counting Error* Error BOV-1-N14-67 4.0 ± 2.0 14.1 ± 0.7 3.8 ± 1.8 15.4 ± 0.6 BOV-2-N14-67 7.9 ± 1.7 12.3 ± 0.6 5.9 ± 1.9 14.1 ± 0.7 BOV-3-N14-67 4.2 ± 1.7 13.5 ± 0.6 4.8 ± 1.6 12.2 ± 0.6 BOV-4-N14-67 5.4 ±1.7 9.9 ± 0.6 0.0 ± 2.8 10.9 ± 0.8 BOV-5-N14-67 16.1 ± 1.1 6.7 ± 0.4 14.6 ± 1.2 6.9 ± 0.4 BOV-6-N14-67 4.9 ± 1.6 12.0 ± 0.6 6.0 ± 1.7 12.7 ± 0.6 AVERAGE 6.7 ±1.7 11.7 ± 0.6 *2o 15 ------- APPENDIX B - PATHOLOGY All animals sacrificed had probably grazed on and near the Rollercoaster sites their entire lives. The animals are laid on their right sides. A ventral midline incision is made, and the skin and left foreleg and hindleg are reflected dorsally. The abdominal musculature is incised on the midline reflected dorsally. The ribs are cut at the costochondral rib and at the vertebra. The ribs are then removed and the thoracic cavity revealed. 1. BOV-1-N14-67 a. History. DATE OF DEATH: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 0930 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range DATE OF NECROPSY: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 1000 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range SEX: Female AGE: Aged WEIGHT: 386.4 kg METHOD: Estimate SPECIES: Bovine COMMON NAME: Cow BREED: Crossbred Shorthorn b. External Appearance. The animal is an aged lactating shorthorn cross in good condition. She is a dark red animal with long horns. c. Digestive System. Rumen is filled with ingesta. Ingesta is quite dry but of bright green color. d. Genitourinary System. Cow is lactating--milk flows freely when mammary gland is incised. e. Respiratory System. Diaphragmatic lobes are penetrated with a .243 bullet. Bullet tran- sects both lobes on a horizontal line—entered on left side and exited on right side. Parietal cavity contains several 100 cc's of clotted blood. Lungs show intralobular emphysema. 16 ------- f. Miscellaneous. Cow is in excellent condition with much subcutaneous and peri renal fat. g. Organ Weights and Measurements. Lung Weight: 2,895 grams Left Apical 165 grams Right Apical Left Cardiac 115 grams Left Diaphragmatic 840 grams Intermediate 170 grams Right Cardiac Right Diaphragmatic 200 grams 291 grams 1,114 grams Thyroid Weight: 53.0 grams h. Necropsy Results. Lung: Erythrocytes are present in lumina of all bronchioles which were observed. Lymph Node: Microscopically, it appears that there is an increase in connective tissue in the medulla and a degree of lymphoid exhaustion in the cortex. 2. BOV-2-N14-67 a. History. DATE OF DEATH: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 0930 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range DATE OF NECROPSY: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 1030 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range SEX: Female AGE: Aged WEIGHT: 398 kg METHOD: Estimate SPECIES: Bovine COMMON NAME: Cow BREED: Crossbred Shorthorn b. External Appearance. The cow is an aged, lactating, white, horned, shorthorn crossbred animal in good condition. 17 ------- c. Organ Heights and Measurements. Lung Weight: 3,308 grams 158 grams 130 grams 927 grams 93 grams Left Apical Left Cardiac Left Diaphragmatic Intermediate Right Apical Right Cardiac Right Diaphragmatic 507 grams 312 grams 1,181 grams Thyroid Weight: 32.5 grams d. Necropsy Results. Lung: There is focal hemorrhage into the alveoli and some bronchioles. There is focal atelectasis. Cardiac Muscle: Few Saroocystis spp. are present. BOV-3-N14-67 a. History. DATE OF DEATH: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 0930 DATE OF NECROPSY: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 1100 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range SEX: Female AGE: Aged WEIGHT: 329.5 kg METHOD: Estimate SPECIES: Bovine COMMON NAME: Cow BREED: Hereford Crossbreed b. External Appearance. This is an aged,Hereford-crossbred, lactating cow in fair condition. Organ Weights and Measurements. Lung Weight: 108 grams 153 grams 841 grams 129 grams Thyroid Weight: 23.0 grams d. Necropsy Results. Kidney: Focal acute interstitial nephritis and focal pyelonephritis are present. c. Left Apical Left Cardiac Left Diaphragmatic Intermediate 2,804 grams Right Apical 365 grams Right Cardiac 211 grams Right Diaphragmatic 997 grams 18 ------- 4. BOV-4-N14-67 a. History. DATE OF DEATH: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 0930 DATE OF NECROPSY: 9 Aug. 67 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range HOUR: 1130 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range SEX: Female AGE: 2 years WEIGHT: 306 kg METHOD: Estimate SPECIES: Bovine COMMON NAME: Cow BREED: Hereford Crossbreed b. External Appearance. Animal is in good condition. c. Organ Heights and Measurements. Lung Weight: 3,175 grams Left Apical 181 grams Right Apical 529 grams Left Cardiac 124 grams Right Cardiac 205 grams Left Diaphragmatic 958 grams Right Diaphragmatic 1,194 grams Intermediate 84 grams Thyroid Weight: 25.0 grams (Before pathology sample taken) Thyroid Weight: 24.0 grams (After pathology sample taken) d. Necropsy Results. Lymph Node: Focal hemorrhage in the cortex and medulla is present. Kidney: Focal accumulations of immature and mature lymphocytes which is suggestive of early lymphosarcoma. Cardiac Muscle: Moderate sarcosporidiosis is present. 5. BOV-5-N14-67 a. History. DATE OF DEATH: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 0930 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range DATE OF NECROPSY: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 1200 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range SEX: Female AGE: 1 year WEIGHT: 177 kg METHOD: Estimate SPECIES: Bovine COMMON NAME: Cow BREED: Hereford 19 ------- b. External Appearance. The animal is a yearling mixed Hereford heifer in good condition. c. Digestive System. Rumen contents are found in the peritoneal cavity. d. Respiratory System. Lung shows severe intralobular emphysema as if animal had been strenuously exerted prior to death. e. Miscellaneous. The ventral edge of the lateral surface of the left mandible is fractured from a bullet. f. Left Apical Left Cardiac Left Diaphragmatic Intermediate Right Apical Right Cardiac Right Diaphragmatic 124 grams 188 grams 610 grams Organ Weights and Measurements. Lung Weight: 2,505 grams 427 grams 235 grams 832 grams 89 grams Thyroid Weight: 15 grams (Before pathology sample taken) Thyroid Weight: 14 grams (After pathology sample taken) g. Necropsy Results. Kidney: Congestion is marked. Skeletal Muscle: A slight myositis is present characterized by the presence of both mononuclear and poly- morphonuclear leucocytes which are present in the perimysical tissue. Lung: Focal alveolar edema and atelectasis are present. Liver: There are focal accumulations of polymorphonuclear leucocytes present in the sinusoids—this is not indicative of acute hepatitis. Cardiac Muscle: Focal accumulations of mononuclear leucocytes are present in the perimysium. 20 ------- 6. BOV-6-N14-67 a. History. DATE OF DEATH: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 0930 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range DATE OF NECROPSY: 9 Aug. 67 HOUR: 1230 LOCATION: Tonopah Test Range SEX: Female AGE: 2 years WEIGHT: 341 kg METHOD: Estimate SPECIES: Bovine COMMON NAME: Cow BREED: Hereford b. External Appearance. Cow is a 2-year-old Hereford in excellent condition. c. Respiratory System. Animal shows signs of intralobular emphysema from exertion prior to death. Trachea contains 150 cc of clotted blood. d. Organ Heights and Measurements. Lung Weight: 3,262 grams Left Apical 212 grams Right Apical 303 grams Left Cardiac 99 grams Right Cardiac 192 grams Left Diaphragmatic 1,643 grams Right Diaphragmatic 748 grams Intermediate 65 grams Thyroid Weight: 30 grams (Before pathology sample taken) Thyroid Weight: 29 grams (After pathology sample taken) e. Necropsy Results. Lung: Extensive alveolar hemorrhage is present. Cardiac Muscle: Slight sarcosporidiosis is present. Skeletal Muscle: Slight sarcosporidiosis is present. Spleen: Moderate myeloid metaplasia is present. 21 ------- APPENDIX C - FOOD HABIT RESULTS 1. BOV-1-RuC-N14-67 Hilaria jamesii Orhysopsis hymenoides Atriplex canescens Sphaeralcea ambigua Unidentified forb Stanleya spp. Sporobolus airoides Eriogowm spp. Euphorbia spp. Unidentified brouse Sarcobatus vermiculatus 2. BOV-2-RuC-N14-67 Hilaria jamesii Sphaeralcea ambigua Atriplex canescens Stanleya pinnata Salsola kali Orhyzopsis hymenoides Eriogonum spp. Unidentified forb Sarcobatus vermiculatus 3. BOV-3-RuC-N14-67 Hilaria jamesii Atriplex canescens Sarcobatus vermiculatus Orhyzopsis hymenoides Sporobolus airoides Stems-Leaves-Heads Seed-Leaves Leaves-Seeds Flower Stems Seeds Head-Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves-Stems Stems-Leaves-Heads Stems-Leaves-Fl owers Stems-Leaves Seeds-Fruit Leaves Seeds Leaves Stems Leaves-Stems Stems-Leaves Stems-Leaves-Fruit-Seeds Stems-Leaves Seeds Heads Vol. %* 98% 1% 1% T T T T T T T T 63% 30% 5% 2% T T T T T 86% 10% 3% 1% T *Vol. % = percent by volume of a animal. T = Trace species found in the ingesta from each 22 ------- 3. BOV-3-RuC-Nl4-67 (continued) Sphaeraloea ambigua Eriogonum spp. Unidentified forbs 4. BOV-4-RUC-N14-67 Hilaria jamesii Orhyzopsis hymenoides Sphaeraloea ambigua Saroobatus vermiculatus Sporobolus airoides Stanleya pinnata Ephedra nevadensis A triplex oanesoens 5. BQV-5-RUC-N14-67 Hilaria jamesii Saraobatus vermiculatus Orhyzopsis hymenoides Sphaeralcea cmbigua Eriogonwn spp. Sporobolus airoides Franseria aoanthioarpa Atriplex aanesaens 6. BOV-6-RuC-N14-67 Hilaria jamesii Orhysopsis hymenoides Spnaeraloea ambigua Sporobolus airoides Saraobatus vermiculatus Atriplex oanesoens Franseria aoanthioarpa Unidentified forb Ephedra viridis Leaves-Stems Leaves Stems Leaves-Stems-Seeds Seeds-Stems Seeds-Fruit-Flowers-Leaves-Stems Stems-Leaves Heads-Leaves Seeds Stems Leaves Stems-Leaves Stems-Leaves Seeds-Stems Seeds Leaves Heads Fruit-Leaves Leaves Leaves-Stems Seeds-Stems Leaves Heads-Leaves Leaves-Fruit Leaves Fruit Stems Stems Vol. % T T T 89% 5% 4% 1% 1% T T T 92% 5% 3% T T T T T 90% 8% 1% 1% T T T T T 23 ------- DI SIR I BUT I ON 1-18 SWRHL, Las Vegas, Nevada 19 Robert E. Miller, Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 20 R. H. Thalgott, Test Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 21 Chief, NOB/DASA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 22 Henry G. VermiI I ion, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 23 NTS Support Office, NVOO/AEC, Mercury, Nevada 24 Robert R. Loux, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 25 D. W. Hendricks, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 26 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C. 27 John S. Kelly, DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D. C. 28 Philip W. Allen, ARL/ESSA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 29 Frank D. Cluff, ARL/ESSA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 30 Gilbert Ferber, ARL/ESSA, Silver Springs, Maryland 31 - 35 Charles L. Weaver, BRH, PHS, Rockville, Maryland 36 Bernd Kahn, BRH, RATSEC., Cincinnati, Ohio 37 Northeastern Radiological Health Lab., Winchester, Mass. 38 Southeastern Radiological Health Lab., Montgomery, Alabama 39 Wm. C. King, LRL, Mercury, Nevada 40 H. L. Reynolds, LRL, Livermore, California 41 R. E. Batzel, LRL, Livermore, California 42 John W. Gofman, LRL, Livermore, California 43 Wm. E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico 44 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico 45 Victor M. Mi I Iigan, REECo., Mercury, Nevada 46 Clinton S. Maupin, REECo., Mercury, Nevada 47 Paul T. Tueller, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 48 V. R. Bohman, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 49 Director, Nevada Fish & Game Commission, Reno, Nevada 50 P. Gustafson, USAEC, Washington, D. C. 51 B. F. Murphey, Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex. ------- Distribution (continued) 52 H. L. Rarrick, Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 53 R. G. Fuller, BMI-LV, Las Vegas, Nevada 54 CETO, Ecology Studies, Mercury, Nevada 55 Dr. Arthur Wallace, Lab. of Nuclear Medicine., U. of Ca I ., Los Angeles, California 56 Clifton Blincoe, College of Agriculture, U. of Nev., Reno, Nevada 57 Robert Lynch, U.S.Dept. of Agriculture, Las Vegas, Nevada 58 - 59 DTIE, Oak Ridge, Tennessee ------- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE August 14, 1969 REFER TO: TTR:RDT 3 O, BOX 1S027 To the Distribution: The following corrections should be made in SWRHL-53r, "Special Bovine Sampling Study-- Project Rollercoaster Sites. " Page i, first paragraph of the ABSTRACT change date April 1967 to read August 1967. Page 2, first paragraph of METHODS - change date 26 April 1967 to read 9 August 1967. Page 2, first paragraph of METHODS - change, "transported to the Well 3 facility at the Nevada Test Site(NTS), " to read, "transported to the Tonopah Test Range(TTR), ". ------- DISTRIBUTION 1-18 SWRHL, Las Vegas, Nevada 19 Robert E. Miller, Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 20 R. H. Thalgott, Test Manager, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 21 Chief, NOB/DASA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 22 Henry G. Vermillion, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 23 NTS Support Office, NVOO/AEC, Mercury, Nevada 24 Robert R. Loux, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 25 D. W. Hendricks, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 26 Martin B. Biles, DOS, USAEC, Washington, D. C. 27 John S. Kelly, DPNE, USAEC, Washington, D. C. 28 Philip W. Allen, ARL/ESSA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 29 Frank D. Cluff, ARL/ESSA, AEC/NVOO, Las Vegas, Nevada 30 Gilbert Ferber, ARL/ESSA, Silver Springs, Maryland 31 - 35 Charles L. Weaver, BRH, PHS, Rockville, Maryland 36 Bernd Kahn, BRH, RATSEC., Cincinnati, Ohio 37 Northeastern Radiological Health Lab., Winchester, Mass. 38 Southeastern Radiological Hea th Lab., Montgomery, Alabama 39 Wm. C. King, LRL, Mercury, Nevada 40 H. L. Reyno ds, LRL, Livermore, California 41 R. E. Batzel, LRL, Livermore, California 42 John W. Gofrnan, LRL, Livermore, California 43 Wm. E. Ogle, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico 44 Harry S. Jordan, LASL, Los Alamos, New Mexico 45 Victor M. Milligan, REECo., Mercury, Nevada 46 Clinton S. Maupin, REECo., Mercury, Nevada 47 Paul T. Tueller, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 48 V. R. Bohman, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 49 Director, Nevada Fish & Game Commission, Reno, Nevada 50 P. Gustafson, USAEC, Washington, D. C. 51 B. F. Murphey, Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex. ------- Distribution (continued) 52 H. L. Rarrick, Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 53 R. G. Fuller, BMI-LV, Las Vegas, Nevada 54 CETO, Ecology Studies, Mercury,- Nevada 55 Dr. Arthur Wallace, Lab. of Nuclear Medicine., U. of Ca I . , Los Angeles, California 56 Clifton Blincoe, College of Agriculture, U. of Nev., Reno, Nevada 57 Robert Lynch, U.S.Dept. of Agriculture, Las Vegas, Nevada 58 - 59 DTIE, Oak Ridge, Tennessee ------- |