ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUBJECT INDEX 1
SUMMARY 1-1
AIR 2-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-8
Scientific Assessment ..... 2-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 2-18
Health Effects 2-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology 2-22
Environmental Processes and Effects ... 2-25
Characterization, Transport and Fate . 2-26
Stratospheric Modification 2-28
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards 2-32
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-34
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules . . 2-36
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-39
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-42
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-44
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support .... 2-46
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-47
State Programs Resource Assistance .... 2-50
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-51
Training . 2-54
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-56
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-60
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ............ 2-61
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-63
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-66
Mobile Source Enforcement ..... 2-71
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-10 .
Scientific Assessment 3-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 't . . . 3-15
Health Effects '. . .'. . . 3-17
-------
Table of Contents
i(Continued)
Environmental Engineering and Technology .: 3-18
Environmental Processes and Effects .... ..... 3-19
Great Lakes 3-20
Oil Spills 3-21
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-23
Water Quality Management . :. . . . 3-24
Great Lakes Program . . . . 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-29
Effluent Standards and Guidelines 3-31
Grants Assistance Programs 3-35
Clean Lakes Program 3-36
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) ..... 3-37
Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements 3-39
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-41
Wetlands Protection ....... 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program 3-46
Ocean Disposal Permits . 3-47
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention . 3-49
Spill Restoration Program 3-50
Standards and Regulations 3-51
Nonpoint Source Management Grants . . . 3-53
Nonpoint Source Implementation 3^5
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-5
Coastal Environment Management ...... 3-58
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis . .>.;'.'. 3-61
Municipal Source Control ..... 3-63
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction 3-64
Waste Treatment Operations, and Maintenance 3-66
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-69
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-73
DRINKING WATER 4-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-7
Scientific Assessment 4-11
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 4-12
Health Effects . . 4-13
Environmental Engineering and Technology . 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 4-16
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL .
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines ... 4-18
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines . , 4-19
Drinking Water Implementation 4-21
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance ... 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations ..... 4-30
Drinking Water Management 4-32
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-33
Underground Injection Control Program ... 4-35
Ground-Water Protection ... 4-38
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement . 4-42
HAZARDOUS WASTE " 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-7
Scientific Assessment 5-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 5-15
Health Effects 5-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 5-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 5-20
Technical Information and Liaison 5-21
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research 5-22
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-23
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 5-25
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation ... 5-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 5-28
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-30
Financial Assistance ' 5-33
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States ... 5-34
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 5-36
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation . 5-38
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-42
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-45
PESTICIDES 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-9
Scientific Assessment 6-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 6-16
Health Effects 6-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 6-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 6-19
. 3
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-21
Generic Chemical Review 6-25
Pesticides Program Implementation . . 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation . 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants . . 6-32
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement . 6-36
Pesticides Enforcement Grants ... 6-38
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-6
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 7-8
Environmental Engineering and Technology 7-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines ... 7-11
Radiation Program Implementation '. 7-15
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment .... 7-18
Radon Action Program 7-21
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-25
Radon State Grant Program 7-28
MULTIMEDIA 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research 8-4
Scientific Assessment 8-17
Quality Assurance Management 8-18
Technical Information and Liaison 8-19
Health Effects 8-21
Core Research - Health Risk 8-22
Human Exposure 8-23
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 8-24
Multimedia Activities 8-25
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-25
Exploratory Research 8-26
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-28
Ecological Status and Trends . . 8-29
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-30
Capital Investments 8-31
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination . . 8-32
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management 8-35
Multimedia Training Grants . 8-38
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-40
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-42
Criminal Investigations Program 8-48
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 8-50
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 9-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-9
Scientific Assessment 9-17
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 9-17
Health Effects 9-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology . 9-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 9-21
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-25
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration 9-26
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification . . 9-26
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-28
Chemical Testing 9-30
Existing Chemical Review 9-32
New Chemical Review 9-34
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-36
Regional Toxics Program 9-37
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 9-39
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-43
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-44
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-46
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-47
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Media Energy 10-3
Acid Deposition 10-7
Environmental Engineering and Technology 10-8
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management 11-6
Program Management - Air and Radiation 11-8
Program Management - Water 11-8
Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring . . 11-9
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances ...... 11-10
Program Management - General Counsel 11-11
Program Management - Research and Development 11-12
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response . . . . 11-12
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-14
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-17
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-18
Office of Executive Support 11-18
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-19
Office of Civil Rights 11-20
Science Advisory Board 11-21
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-21
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-22
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-23
Office of Communications and Public Affairs 11-24
Office of Inspector General 11-25
Office of Inspector General 11-26
Office of General Counsel 11-29
General Counsel 11-30
Office of International Activities 11-32
Office of International Activities 11-33
Office of Federal Activities 11-35
Office of Federal Activities 11-36
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-38
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-40
Integrated Environmental Management Program . . 11-41
Office of Policy Analysis 11-42
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-44
Office of Pollution Prevention 11-46
Pollution Prevention Program (Grants) 11-48
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-50
Program Management-Administration 11-52
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-53
Office of the Comptroller 11-54
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-55
Organization and Health Services 11-56
Facilities and Management Services 11-57
Information Systems and Services 11-58
Human Resources Management 11-59
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management .... 11-61
Resource Management - Regions 11-63
Financial Management - Regions ... 11-63
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-64
Administrative Management - Regions 11-65
Regional Management 11-66
Regional Counsel 11-66
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-67
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-70
Professional Training 11-71
Nationwide Support Services . . . 11-72
Headquarters Support Services 11-72
Regional Support Services 11-73
Automated Data Processing Support Costs . 11-74
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-75
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-76
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-76
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities 12-3
New Facilities . 12-4
Repairs and Improvements 12-4
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants 13-1
SUPERFUND 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research 14-8
Scientific Assessment 14-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 14-18
Health Effects 14-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology 14-21
Environmental Processes and Effects 14-23
Technical Information and Liaison . 14-24
Exploratory Research 14-25
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response ... 14-26
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 14-27
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-38
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-39
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-41
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency . 14-43
Department of Health and Human Services 14-45
United States Coast Guard . 14-45
Department of Justice 14-49
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-50
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14-51
Department of the Interior . . . 14-51
Occupational Safety and Health Administration . 14-52
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 14-54
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-56
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations . 14-62
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring 14-63
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-66
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 14-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions ...... 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-73
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Headquarters 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants
Management - Regions 14-75
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions 14-76
Hazardous Substance Computer Services 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters . 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-78
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-80
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-82
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices 14-83
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research
and Development - Management and Support 14-84
-------
Table of Contents
(Continued)
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-7
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-10
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-12
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation 15-14
Administrative Management - Headquarters 15-15
Administrative Management - Regions . 15-15
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-16
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-17
SPECIAL ANALYSES
EPA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 16-1
EPA REGIONAL OFFICES - LOCATIONS 16-2
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY APPROPRIATION 16-3
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES - BY MEDIA ..... 16-6
OBJECT CLASSIFICATION - BY APPROPRIATION 16-10
PERMANENT POSITIONS BY GRADE - BY APPROPRIATION 16-15
AVERAGE GRADE AND SALARY 16-21
SUMMARY OF STATE GRANT RESOURCES 16-22
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Subject Index by Media
AIR
Acid Aerosols 2-10,16,20,26
Acid Deposition . 2-36,11,23,24
Air Quality Monitoring 2-61
Air Toxics 2-4,40,44,52,57,
63,16,19,22,23
Clean Fuels 2-21,22,23,27,28,44
Compliance Monitoring Inspections 2-67
Consulting Services - Air 2-5
Enforcement - Air 2-66
Fuel Economy 2-44,47
Global Climate Change 2-36,13,16,29-31
Health Effects Institute - Air 2-21,22
Indoor Air 2-36,12,15,17,19-23
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air 2-44
In-use Emission Factors 2-44,47
Mobile Source Pollutants 2-44,11,15,19,21,23
27
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory 2-46
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .... 2-10,15,16,18,20,22,
25,26,34,51,57,62,
63,67
Natl. Emission Standards - Haz. Air Poll. (NESHAPs) . . 2-11,15,16,19,
21,23,26,34,67
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III) ... 2-14,16
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 2-34,67 .
Ozone 2-17,20,22,27,28,
34,41,44,51,63,68
Particulate Matter (PM10) 2-17,20,22,34,40,
51,58,61,63
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) 2-39,51,58,68
Regional Modeling of Air Pollutants 2-57
Selective Enforcement Audits 2-72
State Grants - Air 2-51
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-10,15,18,23,26
39,51,57,67
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-67
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 2-12,15,28,29,30,31
36,68
Tampering and Fuel Switching 2-43,72
10
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
WATER QUALITY
Biomonitoring 3-62
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-29,30
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy 3-29
Clean Lakes 3-36
Coastal Environment Management 3-58,59
Construction Grants Management 3-64,65,66;13-2,3 ,4
Corps of Engineers 3-43,45,48
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-7
Effluent Guidelines 3-32,33,34
Emergency Response - Water Quality 3-49,50
Enforcement - Water Quality 3-70,71,72
Great Lakes Program ..... 3-26,27,28,20
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel 3-26,28
Gulf of Mexico Initiative 3-57
Indian Tribes - Water Quality 3-25,37
International Pollution Control Agreements 3-6,48
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) 3-19
National Estuary Program 3-58,59,16
Near Coastal Waters 3-58,59,19
New York Bight 3-48,49
Nonpoint Sources 3-24,53,54,55,56
NPDES Permits 3-37,38,39,74,75,76
Ocean Dumping Fund 3-47
Oil Spills Research 3-21
Operations and Maintenance 3-66,67,68
Operator Training -Water Quality 3-66,67,68
Pretreatment- .... 3-37,70
Sludge Management 3-32,33,15,16,17,18
State Grants - Water Quality 3-24,25,26
State Revolving Funds 3-64,65,66;13-2,3,4
Toxic Pollutant Controls 3-51,53
Tijuanna, International Sewage Treatment Plant 13-3
Wastewater Treatment Compliance 3-70,71,72
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-74,75,76
Wetlands (Section 404) 3-43,44,45,46,19
DRINKING WATER
Class V Wells 4-3,4,36
Drinking Water Implementation 4-21
Enforcement - Drinking Water 4-43
Epidemiology (Coliform, etc.) 4-13,27
Ground-Water Activities 4-13,15,16,39,44
.Ground-Water Protection Strategies 4-4,5
Health Advisories 4-14
Health Effects - Drinking Water 4-13
11
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water . . . 4-23,27,35
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 4-2,13,44
National Rural Water Association 4-30
National Pesticides Survey 4-20
Public Water Systems Supervision 4-26,33
Rural Community Assistance Programs 4-31
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-15
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-30,34
State Grants - Drinking Water 4-26,29
Underground Injection Control 4-16,17,28,35
Wellhead Protection 4-15,16,17,39
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Air Emission Standards (RCRA) 5-27
Chemical Emergency Planning 5-43,44
Community Right-to-know 5-43,44
Compliance Inspections 5-46,47
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste 5-5
Corrective Action (HSWA) 5-30,31,35,39,47,48
Domestic Sewage Study (RCRA) 5-28
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste 5-32,35,46,47,48,
Financial Responsibility 5-31
Ground Water Monitoring(RCRA) 5-16,21,22
Hazardous Waste Research 5-8-22
Incineration 5-17,25
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies 5-9,13,18
Land Banning Activities 5-46
Land Disposal 5-18,26
Listing/Delisting 5-25,26
Medical Waste 5-25
Mining Waste 5-39
Monitoring Methods 5-16,46
Municipal Waste Incineration 5-40
Permitting - Hazardous Waste 5-34,39,40
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste . . 5-25-31
Pollution Prevention (RCRA) 5-25
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste 5-28
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste 5-11,14
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste 5-25
Reports to Congress - Hazardous Waste 5-25,27
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste 5-14,21,22,23
Solid Waste (RCRA) 5-27
Special Wastes (RCRA) 5-2
State Authorizations 5-30,35,40
State Grants - Hazardous Waste 5-34,35
Subtitle D Criteria 5-39
Surface Impoundments 5-18
Title III.- Hazardous Waste 5-43,44
12
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Treatment Standards - Hazardous Waste 5-26
UIC Requirements (RCRA) 5-28
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines 5-30,31,32
Underground Storage Tanks Grants 5-36,37
Waste Characterization 5-15,16
Waste Minimization (RCRA) 5-9,25
PESTICIDES
Applicator Training 6-3,5,32
Biotechnology 6-6
Biotechnology Research 6-6
Certification and Training 6-3,5,31,32,33,34
Consulting Services - Pesticides 6-3,6
Data Call-in 6-23,22
Disposal 6-2,4,22,26,27,28,32,
34,37,38
Emergency Exemptions .... 6-7,23
Endangered Species 6-3,4,5,23,27,28,31,
32,33,37,38
Experimental Use Permit 6-3,7,22,23
Pesticides Protection/Workers Exposed to Pesticides . . 6-3,4,5,6,23,27,28,31
32,33,36,37,38,39
Ground Water - Pesticides 6-3,4,5,6,22,23,27,28
31,32,33,34,37,38
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water . . . . 6-4,27,28
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program 6-5,33,34
Pesticide Program Implementation 6-5,31,32,33,34
Reregistration 6-2,3,4,5,8,23,24,26,
27,28,36
Registration Fees 6-5,23,24
Registration Standards 6-4,8,26,27,28
Risk Assessment - Pesticides 6-2,3,4,6,28
Special Review (RPAR) 6-4,7,27,28
State Grants - Pesticides 6-5,31,33,37,38,39,32
34
Tolerances 6-3,4,7,22,23,24
RADIATION
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Sys. (ERAMS) 7-19
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 7-8
Radioactive Waste Standards 7-12
Radiological Emergency Response Plans 7-19
Radionuclide NESHAPS 7-12,16,19
Radon Action Program 7-21
Radon Mitigation Research 7-9
Radon State Grants 7-28
13
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
MULTIMEDIA
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff 8-36
Case Referrals 8-43,45
Center for Environmental Research 8-14,22
Core Research - Ecological Risk . . . 8-.28
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-11,25
Core Research - Health Risk 8-22
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-30
Criminal Investigations 8-48
Ecologial Trends 8-12,28
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-42
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-33
Evidence Audits 8-50
Exploratory Research ... 8-26
Federal Agencies Compliance ..... 8-33
Health Effects 8-21
Human Exposure Research 8-10,23
Indians Programs 8-33
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) 8-17
Lead Abatement 8-17,18
Litigation 8-43
Multimedia Research Activities 8-25
Multimedia Training Grants 8-39
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) . . . .8-50
NEPA Compliance Program 8-33
Office of Cooperation Environmental Management 8-36
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring .... 8-42
Pollution Prevention 8-13,30
Quality Assurance Management 8-7,18
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) . . . 8-10,12,24
Regional Analytic Methods 8-8,19
Regulatory Support 8-20
Scientific Equipment 8-31
Small Business Innovation Research 8-11,25
Technical Information . 8-19
Technology Transfer 8-8,19
Visting Scientists Program 8-10,25
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Adipose Tissue Survey 9-33
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) . . . . 9-2,25-27,36-38
Asbestos in Public Buildings 9-3,25-27,36-38
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-25-27
Asbestos Research 9-12,14,16,21
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) 9-2,25,36,37
Asbestos Accreditation Programs 9-25-27,36,37
Biotechnology . 9-34,35
14
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Biotechnology Research 9-13,16,18,20,21,22
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) ... 9-32
Consulting Services - Toxic Substances 9-6
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 9-44-46
EPCRA (Emergency Planning & Community Right
to Know Act) -Enforcement 9-5,47-50
EPCRA - Research Support 9-5,16,17,18,21
EPCRA - Toxic Release Inventory 9-4,30-32,40-42,
48-50
Existing Chemical Review 9-32-34
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up 9-34-36
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) 9-30,31
Lab/Data Integrity 9-44-46
Lead - Based Paint Abatement 9-4,32,33
Pollution Prevention 9-3,32,41
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCBS) 9-2-4,32-34,37,38
Premanufacture Notice Fees 9-34,35
Regional Toxics Program .... 9-37
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 9-32-34
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles ... 9-30,31
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) 9-34,35
Test Guidelines 9-30,31
Test Rules 9-5,47-50
ENERGY
Acid Deposition 10-2,4,5,6,7
Acid Rain 10-2,4,5,6,7
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) 10-2,5,8
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Federal Facility Compliance 11-36,37
Indian Program 11-36,37
International Activities 11-32
Legal Advice 11-29
Office of Federal Activities ... 11-36,37
Office of General Counsel 11-29
Pollution Prevention - OPPE 11-46
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Active Projects - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Administration's Phaseout - Constructants 13-2
Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
State Revolving Funds - Construction GRants 13-2,3,4
15
-------
Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
SUPERFUND
Alternative Technologies 14-13,22
Consulting Services - Superfund 14-5
Cost Recovery - Superfund 14-2,56
Criminal Investigations - Superfund 14-62
Enforcement - Superfund 14-2,56
Environmental Response Team 14-3
Health Research - Superfund . 14-4,44
Interagency - Superfund . 14-4,44
Management - Superfund 14-7
Pre-remedial Program 14-27
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study . . . . ... 14-28
Remedial Design/Remedal Actions 14-29
Remedial Support 14-34
Removal Support 14-36
Response Support 14-32
Removal Actions 14-3,31
Office of Inspector General Superfund 14-79
Research and Development - Superfund 14-11,15
SITE Program . 14-4,32
Support Services - Superfund ... 14-76
University Research Centers 14-25
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
Consulting Services - LUST 15-2,3,8,9
Cooperative Agreements - LUST 15-2,8,11
Corrective Action - LUST 15-2,8
Cost Recovery - LUST 15-11
Enforcement - LUST 15-10
Guidelines - LUST 15-7
Management - LUST 15-12
Technical Support - LUST 15-4
16
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Alphabetic Subject Index
1991 Budget Estimate
Page
Acid Deposition .................... 2-36,11,23,24
Acid Aerosols ..................... 2-10,16,20,26
Acid Rain ....................... 10-2,4,5,6,7
Acid Deposition .......... . ......... 10-2,4,5,6,7
Active Projects - Construction Grants ......... 13-2,3,4
Adipose Tissue Survey ................. 9-33
Administration's Phaseout - Constructants ....... 13-2
Agencywide Technology Transfer Staff ......... 8-36
Air Toxics ...................... 2-4,40,44,52,57,
63,16,19,22,23
Air Emission Standards (RCRA) ............. 5-27
Air Quality Monitoring ................ 2-61
Alternative Technologies ...... ......... 14-13,22
Applicator Training ................... 6-3,5,32
Asbestos in Public Buildings . ............ 9-3,25-27,36-38
Asbestos Research ................... 9-12,14,16,21
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) .... 9-2,25-27,36-38
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) ..... 9-2,25,36,37
Asbestos Accreditation Programs ........... 9-25-27,36,37
Asbestos -in- Schools Loans and Grants ......... 9-25-27
B
Biomonitoring ..................... 3-62
Biotechnology ..................... 6-6
Biotechnology ..................... 9-34,35
Biotechnology Research ................ 9-13,16,18,20,21,22
Biotechnology Research ................ 6-6
Case Referrals .................... 8-43,45
Center for Environmental Research ........... 8-14,22
Certification and Training .............. 6-3,5,31,32,33,34
Chemical Emergency Planning .............. 5-43,44
Chesapeake Bay Program ................ 3-29,30
Chesapeake Bay Toxics Reduction Strategy ....... 3-29
Class V Wells ..................... 4-3,4,36
Clean Fuels ...................... 2-21,22,23,27,28,44
Clean Lakes ...................... 3-36
Coastal Environment Management ............ 3-58,59
Community Right-to-know ................ 5-43,44
Compliance Monitoring Inspections ........... 2-67
Compliance Inspections ................ 5-46,47
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) . . .9-32
17
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
(Continued)
Construction Grants Management . 3-64,65,66;13-2 , 3,4
Consulting Services - Superfund . 14-5
Consulting Services - LUST 15-2,3,8,9
Consulting Services - Hazardous Waste 5-5
Consulting Services - Pesticides 6-3,6
Consulting Services - Air 2-5
Consulting Services - Water Quality 3-7
Consulting Services - Toxic Substances 9-6
Cooperative Agreements -LUST 15-2,8,11
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-30
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-28
Core Research - Health Risk 8-22
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-11,25
Corps of Engineers 3-43,45,48
Corrective Action (HSWA) 5-30,31,35,39,47,48
Corrective Action - LUST 15-2,8
Cost Recovery - Superfund ...... 14-2,56
Cost Recovery - LUST 15-11
Criminal Investigations - Superfund 14-62
Criminal Investigations 8-48
2
Data Call-In 6-23,22
Disposal 6-2,4,22,26,27,28,32,
34,37,38
Domestic Sewage Study (RCRA) 5-28
Drinking Water Implementation 4-21
£
Ecologial Trends 8-12,28
Effluent Guidelines 3-32,33,34
Emergency Response - Water Quality 3-49,50
Emergency Exemptions 6-7,23
Endangered Species ... 6-3,4,5,23,27,28,31
32,33,37,38
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-42
Enforcement - Air 2-66
Enforcement - Water Quality 3-70,71,72
Enforcement - Hazardous Waste . . 5-32,35,46,47,48,
Enforcement - Drinking Water 4-43
Enforcement - LUST 15-10
Enforcement - Toxic Substances 9-44-46
Enforcement - Superfund 14-2,56
Environmental Review and Coordination . 8-33
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring Sys. (ERAMS) 7-19
Environmental Response Team 14-3
EPCRA - Toxic Release Inventory 9-4,30-32,40-42,
48-50
18
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
(Continued)
EPCRA - Research Support ............ ... 9-5,16,17,18,21
EPCRA (Emergency Planning & Community Right
to Know Act) -Enforcement .............. 9-5,47-50
Epidemiology (Coliform, etc.) ............. 4-13,27
Evidence Audits ................... . 8-50
Existing Chemical Review ............... 9-32-34
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up ........... 9-34-36
Experimental Use Permit ................ 6-3,7,22,23
Exploratory Research ................. 8-26
F
Federal Facility Compliance .............. 11-36,37
Federal Agencies Compliance .............. 8-33
Financial Responsibility ............... 5-31
Fuel Economy ..................... 2-44,47
Global Climate Change ................. 2-36,13,16,29-31
Great Lakes Program .................. 3-26,27,28,20
Great Lakes Replacement Research Vessel ........ 3-26,28
Ground Water Monitoring(RCRA) ............. 5-16,21,22
Ground Water - Pesticides . . . . ........... 6-3,4,5,6,22,23,27,28
31,32,33,34,37,38
Ground-Water Protection Strategies ..... . . . . . 4-4,5
Ground-Water Activities ................ 4-13,15,16,39,44
Guidelines - LUST ........ ........... 15-7
Gulf of Mexico Initiative ............... 3-57
H
Hazardous Waste Research ............... 5-8-22
Health Research - Superfund .............. 14-4,44
Health Effects .................... 8-21
Health Advisories. ................... 4-14
Health Effects Institute - Air ............ 2-21,22
Health Effects - Drinking Water ............ 4-13
Human Exposure Research ................ 8-10,23
I
Incineration ..................... 5-17,25
Indian Tribes - Water Quality ............. 3-25,37
Indian Program .................... 11-36,37
Indian Tribes -Drinking Water ............. 4-23,27,35
Indians Programs ................... 8-33
Indoor Air ...................... 2-36,12,15,17,19-23
Innovative/Alternatives Technologies ......... 5-9,13,18
Inspection and Maintenance Program - Air ....... 2-44
19
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) ....... 8-17
Interagency - Superfund ...... . ......... 14-4,44
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) .......... 9-30,31
International Activities ............... 11-32
International Pollution Control Agreements ...... 3-6,48
In-use Emission Factors .... ........... . 2-44,47
L .
Lab/Data Integrity .................. 9-44-46
Land Banning Activities ................ 5-46
Land Disposal ..................... 5-18,26
Lead Abatement .................. . . 8-17,18
Lead - Based Paint Abatement ............. 9-4,32,33
Legal Advice ..... ............. . . . 11-29
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) ..... 10-2,5,8
Listing/Delisting ....... .......... . . 5-25,26
Litigation ...................... 8-43
M
Management - Superfund ................ 14-7
Management - LUST ................... 15-12
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) ........... 3-19
Medical Waste .............. ....... 5-25
Mining Waste ..................... 5-39
Mobile Source Pollutants ............... 2-44,11,15,19,21,23
27
Monitoring Methods .................. 5-16,46
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory ......... . 2-46
Multimedia Research Activities ............ 8-25
Multimedia Training Grants .............. 8-39
Municipal Waste Incineration ............. 5-40
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) ... 8-50
National Rural Water Association ........... 4-30
National Estuary Program ........... . . . . 3-58,59,16
National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III) ... 2-14,16
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .... 2-10,15,16,18,20,22,
25,26,34,51,57,62,
63,67
National Pesticides Survey . ............. 4-20
National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water .... 6-4,27,28
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations ...... 4-2,13,44
Natl. Emission Standards - Haz . Air Poll. (NESHAPs) . . 2-11,15,16,19,
21,23,26,34,67
Near Coastal Waters ......... ......... 3-58,59,19
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program ....... 6-5,33,34
20
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
NEPA Compliance Program 8-33
Nevada Nuclear Test Site 7-8
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) ........ 2-34,67
New York Bight 3-48,49
Nonpoint Sources 3-24,53,54,55,56
NPDES Permits 3-37,38,39,74,75,76
0
Obligation/Outlays - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Ocean Dumping Fund 3-47
Office of Federal Activities 11-36,37
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring .... 8-42
Office of Cooperation Environmental Management 8-36
Office of Inspector General Superfund 14-79
Office of General Counsel 11-29
Oil Spills Research 3-21
Operations and Maintenance . . 3-66,67,68
Operator Training -Water Quality 3-66,67,68
Ozone 2-17,20,22,27,28,
34,41,44,51,63,68
P
Particulate Matter (PM10) 2-17,20,22,34,40,
51,58,61,63
Permitting - Hazardous Waste ........ 5-34,39,40
Pesticide Program Implementation 6-5,31,32,33,34
Pesticides Protection/Workers Exposed to Pesticides . . 6-3,4,5,6,23,27,28,31
32,33,36,37,38,39
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste 5-25-31
Pollution Prevention (RCRA) 5-25
Pollution Prevention - OPPE 11-46
Pollution Prevention 8-13,30
Pollution Prevention 9-3,32,41
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCBS) 9-2-4,32-34,37,38
POTW Requirements - Hazardous Waste 5-28
Premanufacture Notice Fees 9-34,35
Pretreatment 3-37,70
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) 2-39,51,58,68
Pre-remedial Program 14-27
Public Water Systems Supervision 4-26,33
Q
Quality Assurance Management 8-7,18
Quality Assurance - Hazardous Waste 5-11,14
21
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
(Continued)
Radioactive Waste Standards 7-12
Radiological Emergency Response Plans 7-19
Radionuclide NESHAPS 7-12,16,19
Radon State Grants 7-28
Radon Action Program 7-21
Radon Mitigation Research ..... 7-9
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) . . . 8-10,12,24
Regional Analytic Methods 8-8,19
Regional Modeling of Air Pollutants 2-57
Regional Toxics Program 9-37
Registration Fees 6-5,23,24
Registration Standards 6-4,8,26,27,28
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste 5-25
Regulatory Support 8-20
Remedial Support 14-34
Remedial Design/Remedal Actions 14-29
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study 14-28
Removal Support 14-36
Removal Actions 14-3,31
Reports to Congress - Hazardous Waste 5-25,27
Reregistration 6-2 , 3 ,4 , 5 , 8 , 23 , 24 , 2
27,28,36
Research and Development - Superfund 14-11,15
Response Support 14-32
Risk Assessment - Toxic Substances 9-32-34
Risk Assessment - Pesticides . . 6-2,3,4,6,28
Risk Assessment - Hazardous Waste . . 5-14,21,22,23
Rural Community Assistance Programs 4-31
S
SARA Section 110 Toxicological Profiles 9-30,31
Scientific Equipment 8-31
Selective Enforcement Audits 2-72
Set-Asides - Construction Grants 13-2,3,4
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) 9-34,35
SITE Program 14-4,32
Sludge Management . 3-32,33,15,16,17,18
Small Business Innovation Research 8-11,25
Solid Waste (RCRA) 5-27
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-30,34
Special Review (RPAR) 6-4,7,27,28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-15
Special Wastes (RCRA) 5-2
State Revolving Funds 3-64,65,66;13-2,3,4
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) 2-10,15,18,23,26
39,51,57,67
State Revolving Funds - Construction GRants 13-2,3,4
22
-------
Alphabetic Subject Index
(Continued)
State Grants - Water Quality . . 3-24,25,26
State Grants - Pesticides . . 6-5,31,33,37,38,39,32
34
State Grants - Hazardous Waste ..... 5-34,35
State Grants - Air 2-51
State Authorizations 5-30,35,40
State Grants - Drinking Water . . 4-26,29
Stationary Source Enforcement .... 2-67
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 2-12,15,28,29,30,31
36,38
Subtitle D Criteria 5-39
Support Services - Superfund 14-76
Surface Impoundments 5-18
1
Tampering and Fuel Switching . 2-43,72
Technical Information 8-19
Technical Support - LUST 15-4
Technology Transfer 8-8,19
Test Guidelines 9-30,31
Test Rules 9-5,47-50
Tijuanna, International Sewage Treatment Plant 13-3
Title III - Hazardous Waste 5-43,44
Tolerances 6-3,4,7,22,23,24
Toxic Pollutant Controls 3-51,53
Treatment Standards - Hazardous Waste . . 5-26
U
UIC Requirements (RCRA) 5-28
Underground Injection Control 4-16,17,28,35
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines 5-30,31,32
Underground Storage Tanks Grants 5-36,37
University Research Centers 14-25
V
Visting Scientists Program . 8-10,25
H
Waste Characterization 5-15,16
Waste Minimization (RCRA) 5-9,25
Wastewater Treatment Compliance 3-70,71,72
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-74,75,76
Wellhead Protection 4-15,16,17,39
Wetlands (Section 404) 3-43,44,45,46,19
23
-------
1. SUMMARY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Justification of Appropriations Estimates for the Committee on Appropriations
FISCAL YEAR 1991
BUDGET SUMMARY
The President's 1991 Budget request for the Environmental Protection
Agency's totals $5,580,709,000 supported by 16,761 workyears. These resources
include $2,127,000,000 and 12,853 workyears for the Agency's environmental
operating programs; $38,709,000 and 350 workyears for the Inspector General's
activities; $1,740,000,000 and 3,467 workyears for the Superfund program;
$75,000,000 and 90 workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
program; and, $1,600,000,000 for the Construction Grants program. When compared
with the Agency Total current estimate, the President's request represents an
overall increase of $48,246,000 and 919 total workyears. The following chart
provides a summary of budget authority for EPA'S eight appropriations:
Budget Authority
Salaries &
Expenses
Office of the
Inspt . General . .
Research &
Development. . .
Abatement,
Control & Compl .
Buildings &
Facilities
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Subtotal
Hazardous
Substance
Superfund
Leaking Under-
ground Storage
Tanks (LUST)
Construction
Grants (CG)
Subtotal
CG rescission of
unobligated bal.
AGENCY TOTAL (NET)
1990
Enacted
$861,027
31,242
237,757
817,076
14.768
1,961,870
1,550,588
74,822
2.018.225
$5,605,505
-47.700
$5,557,805
(dollars in thousands)
1991
1990 President's
Current Estimate Request
$863.998
30,903
229,950
796,915
14.652
1,936,418
1,530,228
74,097
1.991.720
$5,532,463
-43.691 a/
$5,488,772
$999,700
38,709
249,000
865,300
13.000
2,165,709
1,740,000
75,000
1.600.000
$5,580,709
0
$5,580,709
Increase +
Decrease -
1990 vs 1991
+$135,702
+7,806
+19,050
+68,385
-1.652
+229,291
+209,772
+903
-391.720
+$48,246
+43.691
+$91,937
1-1
-------
APPROPRIATIONS HIGHLIGHTS
The 1991 President's Budget Request will provide the necessary resources
for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to initiate new program activities
while continuing emphasis on accelerating ongoing programs. The Agency will step
up concentration on preventing pollution at its source; implementation of the
President's proposed "Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989"; realizing the
President's goal of strengthening environmental enforcement and ensuring
compliance with new and existing statutes; building and maintaining State
capacity and a strong State-Federal partnership that is so crucial for effective
environmental protection; and, provide for the first time nonpoint source grants
for the implementation of state nonpoint source pollution prevention and control
strategies. In 1991 the Agency will continue implementation of the
recommendations of the 1989 Superfund Management Review (SMR), placing emphasis
on an "enforcement first" approach to Superfund cleanup activities as well as
increasing response activities as recommended in the SMR.
The following briefly describes the 1991 request, the purpose, and the
major changes from the Agency's 1990 estimates for each of EPA's eight
appropriations. In addition, in the 1991 request it is proposed that we fund
repair and improvement projects under $75,000 from each of the operating program
accounts except the Office of the Inspector General.
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
The Agency's 1991 request of $999,700,000 represents an increase of
$135,702,000 (16%) over the 1990 current estimate for Salaries and Expenses.
This appropriation finances all staff costs associated with administering the
environmental operating programs within the Agency's Regional and Headquarters
operations. The increase in resources will enable the Agency to continue
expanding the Administration's commitment to protecting human health and the
environment. These resources incorporates all costs exclusive of grant programs
and program-specific contractual agreements.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
For 1991 EPA is requesting $249,000,000 for the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $19,050,000 (8%) over the 1990 current estimate.
This appropriation finances research contracts, grants and agreements with
universities and private industry, as well as in-house activities, to produce
the scientific knowledge and technologies necessary for regulating, preventing
and abating pollution. The Agency plans to direct major increases in 1991 toward
strengthening the Agency's long-term research capabilities, enhancing global
climate change research, addressing research needs of the President's Clean Air
Act legislation, and supporting media program needs.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
The Agency is requesting $865,300,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, an increase of $68,385,000 (9%) over the 1990 current
estimate. This appropriation finances contracts, grants, and cooperative
agreements for pollution abatement, control and compliance activities. The 1991
request includes resources for a new state grant program that will provide states
with the financing to replace construction grant set asides until states put in
1-2
-------
place alternative funding sources. In addition, the request includes funding
for implementation of the President's proposed Clean Air Act legislation.
Resources will be used for new activities including training and technical
support for state and local governments.
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
The Agency is requesting $13,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $1,652,000 (11%) below the 1990
current estimate which is due to the completion of a one-time project. This
appropriation finances the construction of new facilities and the repair,
improvement, alteration, and purchase of fixed equipment for facilities which
the Agency currently leases or owns. The requested level will permit the Agency
to continue to ensure healthy and safe working conditions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
This appropriation finances responses at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
and emergency releases of hazardous substances. The President's 1991 Budget
request of $1,740,000,000 for Superfund represents an increase of $209,772 (14%)
over the 1990 current estimate. This increase represents a strong and continued
commitment on the part of the Agency to meet its responsibilities to protect
human health and the environment. The 1991 President's Budget continues to
implement the Superfund Management Review (SMR) initiatives of "enforcement
first", strong cleanup programs, and effective Federal response.
Consistent with the President's "Building a Better America" message and
the Agency's emphasis on enforcement efforts, a significant increase of $16
million requested to ensure privately-financed response actions and vigorous
pursuit of now settling private parties for cost recovery. The Department of
Justice will receive $32.3 million of this request to ensure adequate support
for the increasing Superfund caseload. In addition, the Agency will increase
the Response program by $196 million. This increase will support the most
environmentally significant projects first while balancing the Agency's
statutorily mandated actions and ongoing activities.
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST)
The Agency is requesting $75,000,000 in 1991, an increase of $903,000 (1%)
above the 1990 current estimate. This appropriation established a response
program for the prevention and remediation of releases from leaking underground
petroleum storage tanks. The request will maintain the LUST program's momentum
and the Agency's strong commitment to building state capacity necessary to
protect human health and the environment. The 1991 President's Budget will
provide funding for cooperative agreements with states and territories to help
them achieve the response and enforcement capacity necessary to implement their
own LUST programs.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Fiscal Year 1991 is a transitional year for the Construction Grants
program. This year funds for this appropriation will no longer be used to
finance grants to local public agencies for construction of municipal wastewater
treatment facilities. The 1991 request for this appropriation will finance State
1-3
-------
Revolving Funds (SRFs). Once Federal authorization is completed in 1994,
together with the State match, SRFs should be self sufficient. SRFs will make
loans to local public agencies for construction of municipal wastewater treatment
facilities, thereby assisting States and localities in attaining established
water quality standards. The President's request of $1,600,000,000 for the
Construction Grants appropriation in 1991 represents a decrease of $391,720,000
(20%) below the 1990 current estimate. However, because the mix of Construction
Grant and SRF grant change, 1991 will see a $598 million increase (60%) in SRF
funding.
Finally, the 1991 request contains $15,700,000 for the U.S. share of the
construction costs of an international wastewater treatment plant in San Diego,
California to treat Tijuana, Mexico wastewater. These funds will be made
available once Mexico agrees to pay all operating and maintenance costs and the
full cost of any subsequent expansion of plant capacity.
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
The Agency is requesting $38,709,000 for the Office of the Inspector
General. Of this amount, $25,027,000 is to be derived from the General Fund,
$13,107,000 from the Hazardous Substance Superfund, and $575,000 from the Leaking
Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund. This represents an increase of $7,806,000
(25%) above the 1990 current estimate. With this appropriation the Office of
the Inspector General will be able to continue its audits and investigations
relating to EPA programs and operations, thereby promoting economy, efficiency,
and effectiveness throughout the Agency; prevent and detect fraud and abuse and
keep the Administrator and Congress advised of problem areas and related
corrective actions as well as review EPA regulations and legislation.
TRANSFER AUTHORITY (Administrative Provision)
The Agency is requesting appropriations transfer authority. The authority
would be exclusive of the Trust Funds and Construction Grants appropriations and
would be limited to 7 per centum. The 7 percent limit would apply to both the
losing and receiving appropriations. This authority will provide the Agency the
flexibility it needs to target resources to meet new and emerging environmental
priorities and Congressional mandates. In an Agency as complex as EPA,
situations frequently arise where changes must be made to priorities established
almost 18 months in advance or to methods needed to achieve priorities. The
ability to meet the requirements of the Agency's programs will be greatly
enhanced with the authority.
a/ The amount shown as rescinded unobligated balances does not include $3,986,884
ordered preserved by the U.S. District Court. The actual amount available
for rescission is $47,678,276.
1-4
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1989
Enacted
1990
Current
Estimate
1990
Request
1991
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority $ 815,000.4 $ 861,026.6 $ 863,998.1 J 999,700.0
Obligations 808,774.9 861.026.6 863,998.1 999.700.0
Outlays 834.444.0 833.445.0 836,000.0 969.794.0
Permanent Workyears 11.114.0 11.889.2 11,368.7 12,540.5
Total Workyears 11,457.6 11,890.2 11,751.2 12.540.5
Research and Development
Budget Authority $ 202,500.0 $ 237,757.0 $ 229,949.9 $ 249.000.0
Obligations 201,325.0 235,581.6 227,878.0 249,521.0
Outlays 182,467.0 222.729.0 219,653.0 240.592.0
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
Budget Authority $ 719,625.3 $ 817,076.0 $ 796,914.6 $ 865,300.0
Obligations 706,387.0 828,249.2 807.943.0 863,659.0
Outlays 623,190.0 783,670.0 775,802.0 832,359.0
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $ 8.000.0 $ 14,768.0 $ 14,652.0 $ 13,000.0
Obligations 6,592.7 24,543.6 24,723.0 13.000.0
Outlays 15.118.0 19,453.0 19,436.0 12.942.0
Office of Inspector General
Budget Authority $ 0.0 $ 31.242.3 $ 30,903.3 $ 38,709.0
Obligations 0.0 31.242.3 30,903.3 38,709.0
Outlays 0.0 18.745.0 18,542.0 30,951.0
Permanent Workyears 0.0 310.6 310.6 350.4
Total Workyears 0.0 310.6 . 310.6 350.4
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obligations $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0
Outlays 49.0 250.0 250.0 250.0
1-5
-------
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority
Obi i gallons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority.
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears . .
Total Workyears
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority
Obi i gat i ons
Outlays . ...
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Construction Grants
Budget Authority
Obi i gations
Outlays
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obi i gat i ons
Outlays
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obi igations
Outlays
Actual
1989
$1,745,125.7
1,723,079.6
1.655,268.0
11,114.0
11,457.6
$1,410,000.0
1,543,719.5
958,195.0
2,424.0
2.796.4
$ 50,000.0
50 875 4
32 859 0
81 0
82.4
$1 950 000 0
2,531,237.0
2 349 827 0
$ 0.0
0 0
$ 806 7
(293.0)
Enacted
1990
$1,961.869.9
1,980,643.3
1,878,292.0
12,199.8
12.200.8
$1,550,588.1
1,598.039.3
1,328,814.0
2,967.2
3,467.2
$ 74.822.1
78 279.6
35,707.0
91.3
91.3
$2 018 225.0
2,305.233.0
2 363 092.0
$ 50.0
250.0
$ 1 000.0
(200.0)
Current
Estimate
1990
$1,936,417.9
1,955,445.4
1,869,683.0
11,679.3
12,061.8
$1.530.228.1
1,578,322.0
1,324.538.0
3,345.7
3,467.2
$ 74,097.0
77.555.0
35.489.0
85.7
91.3
$1,991,720.0
2,305.233.0
2.362,668.0
$ 50.0
250.0
$ 1,000.0
(200.0)
Request
1991
$2,165,709.0
2.164,589.0
2,086,888.0
12,890.9
12,890.9
$1,740,000.0
1,740,000.0
1,520,333.0
3,467.2
3,467.2
$ 75,000.0
75,000.2
49.299.0
90 4
90.4
$1.600.000.0
1.697.930.0
2,338,857.0
$ 50.0
250.0
$ 1,000.0
(200.0)
1-6
-------
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obi i gat ions
Outlays . . ...
Reregi strati on & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obi i gat ions
Outlays
Permanent Workyears . .
Total Workyears
Reimbursements - SHE
Obi i gat ions
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obi i gat ions. ... ....
Reimbursements-R&D
Obi i gat ions
Reimbursements-AC&C
Obi i gat ions
TOTAL. EPA
Budget Authority
Obi igations . ...
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Actual
1989
$ 4.3
2.0
$ 5,303.6
(16.040.0)
132 0
33.6
$ 15.751.7
67.0
66.6
$ 6.787.0
$ 3.444.3
$ 0.0
$5 155 125 7
5,881,009.1
4,979,818.0
13,818.0
14,436 6
Enacted
1990
$ 10.0
10.0
$ 33,851.0
(11,000.0)
0 0
0.0
$ 20,000.0
74.0
74.0
$ 30,000 0
$ 5,000.0
$ 0.0
$5 605 505 1
6.052 106 2
5 594 965 0
15,332.3
15 833 3
esssssssssss
Current
Estimate
1990
$ 10.0
10.0
$ 33,851.0
(11.000.0)
148 0
148.0
$ 19,947.0
74.0
74.0
$ 29.815.0
$ 5,000.0
$ 0.0
$5,532 463 0
6,006,228.4
5.581,438.0
15,332.7
15,842.3
SSSSSJfSSSSSS
Request
1991
$ 10.0
10.0
$ 18,000.0
7,100.0
238 5
238.5
$ 20.000.0
74.0
74.0
$ 30 000 0
$ 5,000.0
$ 5.000.0
$5 580 709 0
5,756,579 2
6,002 537 0
16,761.0
16,761 0
============
1-7
-------
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Air
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears
Water Quality
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears.
Pesticides
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workvears
Actual
1989
$ 268,368.5 $
267,314.6
268,535.0
1,598 9
1 680 4
$ 289 822 2 $
285,340 7
270,382.5
2.010.7
2 142 8
$ 108 264 3 $
106,809.6
111 414 4
673 8
716 0
$ 267 576 6 $
262,638.4
253 744 5
1 372 2
1 452 3
$ 118,662 1 $
117 961 3
87,286 2
795 7
845.3
Enacted
. 1990
294,000.9
291,008.6
290,932.9
1,756.9
1,756.9
350,292 2
355,063.1
334,643.9
2,283.0
2,284.0
122,399.3
122,356.1
124,177.3
766.7
766.7
273,787.5
277.264.3
264,578.8
1,523.0
1 523 0
106,932.2
106 341 2
94,978.6
853 3
853.3
Current
Estimate
1990
$ 288,924.8
288,796.0
289,614.3
1,704.3
1,739.4
$ 345 339.5
350,177.0
333,127.9
2,125.0
2,215.9
$ 120 796.3
121,059.0
123,615.1
743.9
768.0
$ 269 296.0
273,315.0
263 380.1
1,432.9
1 490 1
$ 104 765.7
104 303 0
94 548.0
957 3
990.9
Request
1991
$ 389,791.0
388,384.0
385,203.0
1,984.6
1,984 6
$ 379 096 5
378,871 0
358,749.0
2,311.8
2,311 8
$ 132 637 3
132,592.0
133,914 3
810 2
810 2
$ 317 144 1
316.795.0
307 477 6
1 634 7
1 634 7
$ 110 072 7
110 118 0
99 856 8
1 091 7
1.091 .7
1-8
-------
Actual
1989
Enacted
1990
Current
Estimate
1990
Request
1991
Radiation
Budget Authority $ 24,626.9 $ 35,862.8 $ 35,071.5 $ 39,109.7
Obligations 24,744.1 35,528.6 34,849.0 38,602.0
Outlays 22,383.1 31,472.9 31,330.5 35,040.9
Permanent Workyears 184.1 220.2 214.2 240.8
Total Workyears 194.0 220.2 216.8 240.8
Noise
Budget Authority $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0
Obligations 0.0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0
Outlays 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multimedia
Budget Authority $ 80,339.0 $ 123,625.4 $ 126,861.2 $ 166,419.4
Obligations 79,864.2 122,883.2 122,626.0 166,069.0
Outlays 66,049.9 115,606.1 115,082.1 153.027.4
Permanent Workyears 597.7 773.0 721.1 841.5
Total Workyears 640.9 773.0 742.3 841.5
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority $ 144,578.0 $ 158,368.6 $ 155,862.8 $ 113,439.0
Obligations 143,120.0 157,537.5 155,212.0 114,439.0
Outlays 143,200.2 140,097.6 139,462.9 104,527.4
Permanent Workyears 815.9 906.6 865.4 886.2
Total Workyears 862.0 906.6 876.1 886.2
Energy
Budget Authority $ 54,735.7 $ 33,480.8 $ 32,171.9 $ 14,256.7
Obligations 54.478.9 33,555.0 32,822.0 14,730.0
Outlays 57,314.6 45,735.0 45,527.6 28,502.8
Permanent Workyears 62.8 52.4 51.8 30.4
Total Workyears 67.2 52.4 51.8 30.4
Management and Support
Budget Authority $ 380,152.4 $ 423,427.7 $ 418,029.3 $ 477,061.2
Obligations 374,215.1 429,639.5 422,916.6 477,307.2
Outlays 359,827.4 396,256.0 394,460.5 456,922.8
Permanent Workyears 2,700.3 2,996.9 2,943.6 3,209.2
Total Workyears 2,894.3 2,996.9 3,050.7 3.209.2
1-9
-------
Current
Actual Enacted Estimate Request
1989 1990 1990 1991
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $ 8,000.0 $ 14,768.0 $ 14,652.0 $ 13,000.0
Obligations 6,592.7 24,543.6 24,723.0 13,000.0
Outlays 15,118.0 19,543.0 19,436.0 12.942.0
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority $1.410,000.0 $1,560.745.0 $1.540.286.0 $1,753.106.4
Obligations 1,543.719.5 1,608.194.3 1.588,379.8 1,753.107.0
Outlays 958,195.0 1,334,907.0 1,330.631.0 1,530,711.0
Permanent Workyears 2,621.5 3,035.0 3,413.5 3-.552.0
Total Workyears 2.799.4 3.535.0 3,535.0 3,552.0
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority $ 50.000.0 $ 74,822.0 $ 74.097.0 $ 75.575.0
Obligations 50.875.4 78.279.6 77.555.0 75.575.0
Outlays 32.859.0 35.707.0 35,489.0 49.645.0
Permanent Workyears 77.7 91.3 85.7 93.9
Total Workyears 82.4 91.3 91.3 93.9
Construction Grants
Budget Authority $1.950,000.0 $2,018,225.0 $1,991,7'20.0 $1,600.000.0
Obligations 2,531,237.0 2,305,233.0 2,305.233.0 1.697.930.0
Outlays 2,349.827.0 2.363,092.0 2,362,668.0 2,338.857.0
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations $ 0.0 $ 50.0 $ 50.0 $ 50.0
Outlays 0.0 250.0 250.0 250.0
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obligations $ 806.7 $ 1,000.0 $ 1,000.0 $ 1,000.0
Outlays (293.0) (200.0) (200.0) (200.0)
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obligations $ 4.3 $ 10.0 $ 10.0 $ 10.0
Outlays 2.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
1-10
-------
Current
Actual Enacted Estimate Request
1989 1990 1990 1991
Reregistrati on & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obi i gat ions ...'....
Outlays
Reimbursements - S&E
Obi i gat ions
Permanent Workyears . . .
Total Workyears
Reimbursements-Super fund
Obi igations
Reimbursements-R&D
Obligations
Reimbursements-AC&C
Obligations
TOTAL. EPA
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
$ 5,303.6
(16,040.0)
$ 15,751.7
64 9
66.6
$ 6,787.0
$ 3,444.3
$ 0.0
$5,155,125.7
5,881 009.1
4,979,818.0
13,576.2
14 443.6
$ 33,851.0
(11,000.0)
$ 20,000.0
74 0 **
74.0 **
$ 30,000.0
$ 5,000.0
$ 0.0
$5.605,505.0 *
6,052,106 2 *
5.594,965.0 *
15,332.3
15 833 3
$ 33,851.0
(11,000.0)
$ 19,947.0
74 0 **
74.0 **
$ 29,815 0
$ 5,000.0
$ 0.0
$5,532.463.0 *
6,006,228 4 *
5.581.438.0 *
15.332.7
15 842 3
$ 18,000 0
7,100.0
$ 20,000 0
74 0 **
74 0 **
$ 30 000 0
$ 5,000.0
$ 5.000 0
$5,580.709 0
5 756 579 2
6.002,537 0
16.761 0
16 761 0
* Enacted 1990 BA and Obligation totals include $14,767.6 in undistributed funds.
1990 Current Estimate BA and Obligation totals include $14,589.0 in undistributed funds.
Enacted 1990 Outlays include $14.176.9/1990 Current Estimate outlays include $14.005.0
in undistributed funds.
** Includes 12 FTE for Ocean Dumping ( 10 in Water Quality and 2 in Multimedia ).
1-11
-------
2 AIR
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR 2-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-8
Scientific Assessment 2-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 2-18
Health Effects 2-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology 2-22
Environmental Processes and Effects 2-25
Characterization, Transport and Fate 2-26
Stratospheric Modification 2-28
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards 2-32
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment 2-34
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules 2-36
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-39
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy . . 2-42
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-44
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support 2-46
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-47
State Programs Resource Assistance 2-50
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-51
Training 2-54
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-56
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-60
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-61
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-63
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-66
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-71
-------
AIR
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $89,690.1 $93.273.1 $92,635.8 $121,175.5 $28,539.7
Abatement Control and $135,430.4 $146,552.0 $144,652.4 $204,196.7 $59,544.3
Compliance
Research & Development $42,194.1 $54,175.8 $51,636.6 $64,418.8 $12,782.2
TOTAL, Air $267,314.6 $294,000.9 $288,924.8 $389,791.0 $100,866.2
PERMANENT UORKYEARS 1,598.9 1,756.9 1,704.3 1,984.6 280.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS 1,680.4 1,756.9 1,739.4 1,984.6 245.2
OUTLAYS $268,535.0 $290,932.9 $289,614.3 $385,203.0 $95,588.7
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Reauthorization for the Clean Air Act expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
2-1
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program of air quality planning,
regulation, enforcement, and research to control air pollution. A revised Clean
Air Act will be passed during 1990. This budget request is based on the
amendments sent to Congress by President Bush in July 1989. In 1991 EPA will
focus on development of the regulations, guidelines, and support infrastructure
needed to implement the expected new legislation and achieve six major goals:
(1) achieve National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) to protect public
health; (2) implement an acid deposition control program; (3) address the growing
problems of global change and indoor air pollution; (4) reduce the risk of
exposure to air toxics; (5) increase the capacity and improve the effectiveness
of state and local air quality agencies; and (6) conduct research to provide a
strong scientific and technical basis for regulatory programs. In its efforts
to achieve these goals, EPA will place increased emphasis on pollution prevention
activities.
Achieve NAAQSs Nationwide
Establishing NAAQSs at levels that protect public health and prevent other
adverse effects has been the keystone of the national air quality program. The
NAAQSs are revised based on the results of regular assessments of the most
current scientific data on health and other effects of various air pollutants.
In 1991 EPA plans to promulgate revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide
and propose revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for lead and ozone.
To achieve NAAQSs, EPA helps states complete and enforce State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) as required by the Clean Air Act. Although air
quality has generally improved as a result of SIP measures, many SIPs have proven
inadequate for meeting NAAQSs by statutory deadlines. Expected revisions to
the Clean Air Act will address this problem.
The NAAQSs for ozone and carbon monoxide have proven to be the most
difficult standards to meet. Currently, over 135 million people live in areas
that failed to meet the standards. As a result, EPA has asked the states to
revise their SIPs in 97 areas that failed to meet the ozone NAAQS and in 54 areas
that failed to meet the carbon monoxide NAAQS. In 1991 EPA will provide guidance
and regulations needed to attain the NAAQSs by the target dates specified in the
expected revised Clean Air Act. EPA will continue to focus on ensuring
compliance with SIP calls issued in May 1988 and November 1989. EPA and state
and local agencies will require significant resources to implement expanded Clean
Air Act requirements.
EPA will continue to develop control techniques guidelines (CTGs) for new
source categories of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are ozone
precursors. EPA will assess the need for additional federal control measures.
EPA and the states will continue to carry out a comprehensive enforcement program
aimed at achieving continuous compliance by stationary sources, primarily those
emitting VOCs.
2-2
-------
Another element of the strategy for attaining ozone and carbon monoxide
NAAQSs provides for continued reduction in emissions from in-use motor vehicles.
A substantial amount of the additional ozone precursor reduction required by the
expected revisions to the Clean Air Act will come from continued enforcement of
existing and new mobile source standards and through the use of clean fuels.
To ensure that vehicles meet emission standards throughout their useful life,
EPA will continue to maintain a comprehensive Federal compliance program. The
program includes preproduction certification of emission control systems;
selective enforcement audits at manufacturers' facilities; and recalls of
insufficiently controlled vehicles. The Agency will continue to work with states
to establish and maintain effective vehicle inspection/maintenance and anti-
tampering programs.
In 1991 EPA will begin to implement expected revisions to the Clean Air
Act for mobile sources. EPA will continue to develop new light-duty and heavy-
duty vehicle emissions standards and begin to evaluate alternative clean fuels
such as oxygenated blends and compressed natural gas. The Agency will also
assess the effectiveness of clean technologies to reduce emissions of carbon
monoxide under cold temperature conditions.
EPA will continue to help states develop SIPs for attaining the revised
NAAQSs for PM-10 and will review SIPs submitted by states as required under the
Clean Air Act. Approximately 170 areas will not meet, or have the potential for
not meeting, the revised PM-10 standards. Expected revisions to the Clean Air
Act will establish new attainment dates for PM-10. In 1991 the PM-10 program
will focus on developing and reviewing SIPs, especially for newly identified
nonattainment areas. EPA will develop mitigation strategies for problems
contributing to long-term PM-10 nonattainment, including measures to control
woodstoves and other nontraditional sources. EPA will continue to develop
Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) consistent with requirements of litigation
and new legislation.
Implement an Acid Deposition Control Program
In 1991 EPA will begin to implement expected revisions to the Clean Air
Act that establish new requirements for control of acid deposition. The proposed
revisions require reductions of 10 million tons of sulfur dioxide and 2 million
tons of nitrogen oxides. Five million tons of reduction are to occur by the end
of-1995 (Phase I). The proposal also establishes a system of emission allowances
and marketable permits to allow maximum flexibility for utilities to achieve
required reductions in the most efficient and least costly manner.
In 1991 EPA will focus on development of guidance and regulations needed
to implement the proposed new requirements. These include developing regulations
governing: the issuance, trading and banking of allowances; continuous
monitoring of emissions; participation of industrial sources in the allowance
system; and Federally-issued Phase I permits. EPA will also develop an
emissions/allowance tracking system to facilitate free and open trading.
EPA will continue to provide advice and assistance to the Department of
Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program and develop energy conservation measures
to reduce and control acid deposition pollutants.
2-3
-------
Address Growing Problems: Global Change and Indoor Air Quality
Global Change. The Clean Air Act gives the Administrator of EPA authority
to protect the stratosphere. EPA will continue its role in Federal efforts aimed
at confronting ozone depletion, climate change related to stratospheric
alterations, and other effects and emissions caused by stratospheric change.
Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, currently
signed by the United States and 46 other nations, EPA will implement and enforce
domestic rules, support international implementation of rules and policies under
the Protocol, carry out risk and economic assessments to monitor progress under
the Protocol, and share information on technology development and alternative
chemicals to curtail ozone depletion and minimize global warming trends. In 1991
EPA will develop rules on trade with non-participating nations. EPA will develop
methods for inspection of imported goods and transfer of non-CFC using
technologies to lesser developed countries. EPA will also emphasize
administration of ozone depleting chemical allocations.
Indoor Air Quality. Research completed by EPA and others indicates that
health risks are caused by total exposure to air pollutants and not just from
ambient exposures. Elevated levels of certain indoor air pollutants may pose
a substantial threat to human health. In 1991 EPA will continue to provide
policy direction to the indoor air quality research program; will disseminate
information to broad segments of the public on risks and ways to mitigate indoor
air quality problems; and will coordinate its activities with other EPA programs,
other Federal agencies, states, and the private sector. In 1991 EPA will further
examine the extent of the "sick building syndrome," will initiate the
establishment of an Indoor Air Quality Technical and Non-Technical Clearinghouse,
issue manuals on building investigations, issue a physicians handbook, and
complete indoor air quality training programs for state and local government
officials.
Reduce Risk of Exposure to Air Toxics
In 1991 EPA will begin to implement expected revisions to the Clean Air
Act to reduce the risk of exposure to air toxics by regulating source categories.
The Agency estimates that 2.7 billion pounds of toxic chemicals are emitted into
the air each year and that these emissions contribute to a substantial number
of fatal cancers annually. Work will concentrate on development of a list of
major source categories of 191 pollutants and initiation of work on developing
maximum achievable control technology (MACT) for ten source categories to meet
the two-year requirement of the proposed new legislation.
In 1991 EPA will develop regulations for emissions from treatment, storage
and disposal facilities. EPA will continue its efforts to control motor vehicle
emissions and fuels which are major components of toxic air pollutants. The
Agency will help states develop and enhance multi-year development plans and will
provide assistance in evaluating and regulating high risk point sources and
multi-pollutant urban toxics problems.
Strengthen State and Local Programs
In 1991 EPA will devote substantial effort toward increasing the capacity
of state and local air pollution control agencies and leveraging the effects of
its own resources. EPA will provide states with guidance and regulations needed
2-4
-------
to implement expected new requirements for operating permits. These will include
model permits, standard application forms, fee recovery requirements, and
monitoring/reporting requirements.
The Agency will continue to support state and local air pollution control
programs by providing direct program assistance and training and by facilitating
information exchange. EPA will share information through the Control Technology
Center and clearinghouses that provide information on air toxics, emission
factors, control technology, and risk. EPA will also assist states with model
application, data base development, and model documentation to support ozone,
carbon monoxide, and PM-10 SIP analyses and attainment demonstrations.
Conduct Research to Provide a Strong Scientific and Technical Basis for
Regulatory Programs
EPA's air quality research and development program provides the scientific
and engineering basis for sound regulatory decision-making. The Office of
Research and Development (ORD) provides health and ecological effects data,
monitoring methods and support, pollutant transport models, assessment of
emission reduction technologies, and quality assurance to help meet the Agency's
public information needs.
In 1991 EPA is expanding its research on the causes and transport of ozone,
particularly with respect to the role of biogenic emissions and other factors
that may influence ozone formation. The regional oxidant model (ROM) will be
extended from the Northeast to apply to the Southeast.
Other areas of research emphasis in 1991 include global climate change,
indoor air quality, clean fuels, and acid aerosols. In addition, ORD will
undertake an enhanced emissions inventory program for air toxics which will
compile available data on a national basis and provide improved emissions
information to policy-makers.
Pollution Prevention Initiatives .
In 1991 the air program will undertake or participate in seven projects
designed to prevent pollution. These include: working with states to encourage
utility planning with consideration of energy efficiency and conservation;
defining health and environmental risks associated with alternative consumer
products; examining options to limit production and use of lead and encourage
recycling of lead acid batteries; improving emerging VOC control methods for area
and small sources; promoting and institutionalizing pollution prevention in air
permit programs; evaluating methods to address industrial pollution prevention
through regulation and outreach; and promoting pollution prevention requirements
in enforcement settlements. EPA will also incorporate pollution prevention in
its regulations when appropriate.
Consulting Services
The Office of Air and Radiation will fund a limited amount of consulting
services in 1991. Section 117 of the Clean Air Act requires consultation with
appropriate advisory committees prior to publishing any NSPS or NESHAP. The
National Air Pollution Control Techniques Advisory Committee is comprised of
members from industry, environmental groups, academia, and state/local
2-5
-------
governments. The committee typically meets three or four times per year to
review the technical basis of Federal emission standards.
A few small management service contracts will be awarded in 1991. The
purpose of these contracts will be to provide specialized expertise in
environmental economics needed to assess the economic impacts and benefits of
various NSPS, NESHAP, and NAAQS regulatory actions. The assessment of economic
impacts and benefits is required by Executive Order 12291.
2-6
-------
AIR
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES _
National Ambient Air
Quality Standards
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals*
Promulgations*
New Source Performance Standards
Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals**
Promulgations
ACTUAL
1989
6
1
0
59
0
3
National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Number of Source Categories
Covered (Cumulative)
Number of Pollutants
Covered (Cumulative)
Proposals**
Promulgations
31
6
4
5
Enforcement Actions - Stationary Sources
Inspections
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders
Civil Litigation . .
Criminal Litigation .
2,445
296
262
103
6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
6
0
0
66
3
7
37
7
4
7
1,868
300
225
86
10
ESTIMATE
1991
45
19
25
520
6
2
1
68
0
1
37
7
6
0
1,868
300
225
86
10
45
19
25
615
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1991 VS 1990
+2
+1
+2
-3
-6
+2
7
Enforcement Actions - Mobile Sources
State and Local Tampering/
Fuel Switching Programs
(Cumulative) 45
Assembly Line Testing
Test Orders 21
Recall Investigations . . 27
Notices of Violation
Tampering/Fuel Switching 417
* Revisions or reaffirmations
** New source categories and revisions. NESHAPs include air toxic standards
developed under other regulatory authorities
NOTE: All outputs are incremental except as indicated.
+95
2-7
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research 2-8
Scientific Assessment .... 2-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 2-18
Health Effects 2-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology 2-22
Environmental Processes and Effects 2-25
Characterization, Transport and Fate 2-26
Stratospheric Modification 2-28
-------
AIR
Air Research
ACTUAL
' 1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Stratospheric
Modification Program -
Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Air Research
$3.079.6
$2,173.0
$5,252.6
$6,290.6
16,322.3
(12,612.9
$7,422.4
$13,424.5
$20,846.9
$3,376.5
$3,035.2
$6,411.7
$745.7
$1,277.1
$2,022.8
$3,733.1
$7,269.9
$11,003.0
$895.9
$8,692.1
$9,588.0
$25,543.8
$42,194.1
$2,948.7
$2,182.6
$5,131.3
$6,246.1
$6,246.7
$12,492.8
$6,688.6
$18,089.0
$24,777.6
$3,965.6
$5,023.6
$8,989.2
$938.4
$1,280.9
$2,219.3
$3,655.9
$8,203.5
$11,859.4
$2,021.7
$13,149.5
$15,171.2
$26,465.0
$54,175.8
$2,929.0
$2.324.2
$5,253.2
$6,049.2
$5,852.9
$11,902.1
$6,544.1
$16,475.3
$23,019.4
$3,669.5
$4,919.6
$8,589.1
$925.9
$1,246.8
$2,172.7
$3,535.3
$7,930.4
$11,465.7
$2,518.6
$12,887.4
$15,406.0
$26.171.6
$51,636.6
$3,531.1
$3,552.5
$7,083.6
$6.466.7
$7.707.0
$14,173.7
$7,193.0
$14,624.5
$21,817.5
$4,180.3
$5,802.2
$9,982.5
$1,253.0
$1,633.3
$2,886.3
$3,962.1
$9,021.8
$12,983.9
$3,922.5
$22,077.5
$26,000.0
$30,508.7
$64,418.8
$602.1
$1,228.3
$1,830.4
$417.5
$1,854.1
$2,271.6
$648.9
-$1,850.8
-$1,201.9
$510.8
$882.6
$1,393.4
$327.1
$386.5
$713.6
$426.8
$1,091.4
$1,518.2
$1,403.9
$9.190.1
$10,594.0
$4,337.1
$12,782.2
TOTAL $67,737.9 $80,640.8 $77,808.2 $94,927.5 $17,119.3
2-8
-------
AIR
Ai r Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Air
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Stratospheric
Modification Program -
Air
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Air
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Stratospheric
Modification Program -
Air
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
46.1
107.9
49.1
49.1
102.0 100.5
53.4
101.5
99.1 115.0 114.0 113.0
56.5 57.5 56.4 58.4
13.2 13.8 13.8 13.8
54.6 56.5 55.0 57.0
13.2 30.9 30.9 42.9
390.6 424.8 419.7 440.0
4.3
1.0
-1.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
12.0
20.3
47.9 49.1 49.1 53.4 4.3
109.0 102.0 100.5 101.5 1.0
111.7 115.0 114.0 113.0 -1.0
56.9 57.5 56.4 58.4 2.0
14.3 13.8 13.8 13.8 0.0
54.7 56.5 55.0 57.0 2.0
13.2 30.9 30.9 42.9 12.0
407.7 424.8 419.7 440.0 20.3
2-9
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
Principal Outputs bv Objective
Objective 1: Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and
Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
1991: o External Review Draft (ERD) of the nitrogen oxides Air Quality
Criteria Document (AQCD) for CASAC review (Scientific Assessment).
o Assessment of the pulmonary health effects of inhaled acid aerosols
in animals (Health).
o Procurement in Improved Methods for Measuring Ambient Aerosols
(Monitoring).
1990: o Prepared External Review Drafts (ERD) for the nitrogen oxides and
carbon monoxide Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD) (Scientific
Assessment).
o Report on aerosol sources for the Eastern U.S. (Characterization).
o Report on response of the human respiratory tract to acute exposure
to acid aerosols (Health).
o Report on Analysis of Eastern US Visibility Data (Monitoring).
1989: o Completed supplement to the AQCD for ozone and other photochemical
oxidants. (Scientific Assessment).
o Report on the effects of prolonged exposure (greater than six hours)
to ozone at or below current one-hour NAAQS (Health).
o Publication of .a comprehensive research plan to determine the effects
of tropospheric ozone on U.S. forests (Environmental Processes).
Objective 2: Provide Scientific Support to Develop New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) and State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
1991: o A assessment report on the role of consumer/commercial solvents in
ozone non-attainment, including emissions reductions approaches for
highest volume sources (Engineering).
o Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control (Engineering).
o Summary report on control strategy application of Regional Oxidant
Model for the Regional Oxidant Modeling Northeast Transport (ROMNET)
2-10
-------
program (Monitoring).
1990: o Report on the application of conventional particulate control
technology in major areas of concern (Engineering).
o Evaluation of the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) using analytical test
data and new air quality data (Characterization).
o Report on area volatile organic compound (VOC) sources and control
options to support the Agency's post-1987 ozone non-attainment
strategy (Engineering).
1989: o Report on the development of an advanced process which utilizes
calcium silicate sorbents (ADVACATE) to control acid gases from
combustion sources (Engineering).
o Report on recommended modifications to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model (Characterization).
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (HAPs).
1991: o External Review Draft (ERD) on the diesel risk assessment (Scientific
Assessment).
o Development of a physiologically based-pharmacokinetic model for
predicting dosimetry of volatile organic compounds in humans (Health).
o Report on development of a secondary combustion woodstove for reducing
particulate emissions to or below the 1990 NSPS (Engineering).
o Article on source apportionment of mutagenic activity in fine particle
organics identified in Boise, Idaho field study (Monitoring).
1990: o Report on retrofit technology for existing woodstoves (Engineering).
o Report on Boise field study of woodstove emissions (Engineering).
o Assessment of the contribution of wood burning and automobile
emissions to the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of airborne
pollutants (Health).
1989: o Assessment of the comparative mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of
combustion source emissions (Health).
o Report on identities of HAPs produced in the atmosphere from
ubiquitous innocuous pollutants (Characterization).
Objective 4: Provide Scientific Support for the Mobile Source Regulatory Program.
19.9.1: o Studies on the DNA adduct dosimetry of the particulate organic
2-11
-------
emissions from mobile sources (Health).
1990: o Journal article characterizing tailpipe, evaporative, and refueling
emissions from gasoline fueled automobiles (Characterization).
o Assessment of the contribution of mobile source emissions to the
genotoxicity of ambient urban aerosol mixtures (Health).
1989: o Report on population exposure to mobile source pollutants for 1988
(Monitoring).
o Journal article evaluating emissions from diesels equipped with
advanced emission control technology (Characterization).
o Report on the effects of atmospheric transformation on the
mutagenicity of gaseous gasoline emissions (Health).
Objective 5: Provide Scientific Data on the Sources. Exposures, and Health
Effects Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants and Evaluate Control Strategies.
1991: o Model indoor air risk assessment (Scientific Assessment).
o Report on the effects from inhalation of chemical mixtures found in
indoor environments (Health).
o Research report on biocontaminant control by humidity control systems,
air cleaners, and biocides (Engineering).
o Report on indoor air pollutant "sinks" (Engineering).
1990: o Report assessing the potential carcinogenicity of combustion emissions
from unvented indoor kerosene heaters (Health).
o Research report on low emission materials and products (Engineering).
o Research report on kerosene heater emissions (Engineering)
1989: o Report on human clinical studies assessing the effects of exposure
to volatile organic compounds found indoors (Health).
o Develop personal computer model for evaluating indoor air.quality
control options (Engineering).
o Report on the Effectiveness of Air Cleaners for IAQ Control
(Engineering).
Objective 6: Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Stratospheric
Ozone Depletion and Evaluate Control Strategies
1991: o Preliminary results of work on the effects of UV-B radiation on human
immunosuppression (Health).
2-12
-------
o Report on status of alternatives to halons as fire extinguishants
(Engineering).
o Status report on alternatives for insulation which do not use CFC's
(Engineering).
o Establish data base for N^O emissions from a variety of stationary
combustion sources including the potential for plume formation
(Engineering).
o Report on selected UV-B effects on wetland rice ecosystems
(Stratospheric Modification).
1990: o Report on the effects of UV-B radiation on rice yield (Stratospheric
Modification).
o Development of a predictive UV-B dose response model for
commercially important fish (Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on status of alternative refrigerants for home refrigerators
(Engineering).
1989: o Biennial Congressional Report on ozone depletion which is required
by the Clean Air Act (Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on the most important fisheries resources likely to be affected
by UV-B radiation, both in terms of resource significance and
sensitivity (Stratospheric Modification).
o Development of a prioritized list of research projects to evaluate
the health effects associated with UV-B radiation (Health).
o Engineering evaluations of controls and technical support for
international negotiations on stratospheric ozone modification
(Engineering).
Objective 7: Provide Scientific Data to Determine the Effects of Global Warming
and Evaluate Control Strategies
1991: o Report of development of improved emission factors for methane for
selected anthropogenic sources (Engineering).
o Report on the sensitivity of forest regions, worldwide, to global
change (Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on processes that control emissions of radiatively important
trace gases from biosphere (Stratospheric Modification).
o Report on practical and beneficial techniques for mitigation of trace
gases emissions (Stratospheric Modification).
1990: o Report on estimation of the relative importance of major forest types
as sources and sink for radiatively important trace gases
2-13
-------
(Stratospheric Modification).
o Evaluate feedbacks from ecosystem and land-use changes, including
changes in tropical forests, to changes in climate (Stratospheric
Modification).
o Report on soil microbial processes relating radiatively important
trace gas fluxes and water balance (Stratospheric Modification).
o Report targeting opportunities for mitigation research (Engineering) .
1989: o Interim Assessment of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to
changing climactic conditions, with the first estimates of landscape
sensitivity (Stratospheric Modification).
o Evaluation of air quality changes due to changes in tropospheric
chemical reactions sensitive to climate change (Stratospheric
Modification).
o Emissions Chapter for ORD Global Climate Change Research Prospectus
(Stratospheric Modification).
Objective 8: Provide Scientific Data and Support to the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III)
Health Effects Institute
1991: o Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research (Health).
1990: o Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research and evaluation of
field and laboratory test protocol for spirometry (Health).
1989: o Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research (Health).
2-14
-------
AIR
Air Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $94,927,500 supported by 440.0 total
workyears for 1991 an increase of $17,119,300 and 20.3 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $30,508,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $64,418,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, increases
of $4,337,100 and $12,782,200, respectively.
Program Objectives
This research program provides the research and technical support necessary
to enable the Agency to carry out its regulatory and information transfer
responsibilities under the Clean Air Act. The following objectives support these
efforts:
Objective 1. Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary_and
Secondary NAAOS. This research program provides the scientific data needed to
issue and revise national ambient air quality standards for emissions of criteria
air pollutants.
Objective 2. Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. This
research supports issuance and revision of New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans through development of models and monitoring techniques
for air pollutants and engineering studies of control technologies.
Objective 3. Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). Under this objective EPA conducts research to
identify and control emissions of air pollutants from a variety of sources that
are hazardous to human health but are not already regulated as criteria air
pollutants.
Objective 4. Provide Scientific Support for the Mobile Source Regulatory
Program. This research evaluates emissions, exposure patterns, and health
effects of mobile source pollutants.
Objective 5. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources.
Exposures. Health Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor
Pollutants. Research conducted under this objective supports the Agency's
efforts to inform the public about hazards associated with indoor air pollutants
and to develop methods to control air emissions from major household sources.
Objective 6. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects
of Stratospheric Ozone- Depletion and Develop Control Strategies. This research
program is primarily concerned with providing necessary data on the effects of
stratospheric ozone depletion and resulting increases in harmful (UV-B) radiation
on humans, plants, and ecosystems. Research will also evaluate the environmental
consequences of alternative compounds of CFCs and halons, and technologies to
replace those currently used for refrigeration, insulation, and fire
extinguishment.
2-15
-------
Objective 7. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects
of Global Wanning and Develop Control Strategies. This objective addresses
the research needed to determine the impact of global climate change, to help
understand the regional consequences of global climate trends, and to develop and
test predictive source and sink models for important trace gases. Research will
develop and evaluate technologies and mitigation options for greenhouse gases that
produce global warming.
Objective 8. Provide Scientific Support to the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III). Activities in support of this
objective will provide national baseline data on exposure to pollutants, body
burdens, and health effects.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,083,600 supported by 53.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,531,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,552,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $602,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $1,228,300 in the Research and
Development appropriation and 4.3 total workyears. The increase in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement of in-house support for
assessing risks from air pollutants. The increase in the Research and Development
appropriation will support the development of risk assessments required by the
Clean Air Act Amendments.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. The research program office will review recent health studies and other
new scientific data for several air pollutants to support the Agency's statutory
mandate to revise National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) every five years.
This data will be evaluated in Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD) which are
the primary source of information used by EPA regulatory decisionmakers in
establishing or revising NAAQS. This will include an External Review Draft (ERD)
of the nitrogen oxides AQCD for Clean Air Science Advisory Committee (CASAC)
review. In 1991, the research office will update databases on particulate matter
(PM) related research and will continue evaluating data on the health effects of
acid aerosols.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. To provide the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) with the information
needed to make regulatory decisions on specific hazardous air pollutants. The
research program office will complete final comprehensive Health Assessment
Documents (HADs) for three chemicals and will prepare External Review Drafts
(ERDS) for two to four chemicals. The research program will implement an External
Review Draft (ERD) on the diesel risk assessment. They will also complete Tier
1 screening documents, the initial review of pertinent health effects data on
potential HAPs, for one to three chemicals. Other activities will include
enhanced support for: assessments of health data for potential HAPs by source
category (SCHADS); technical assistance to Regions and States on air toxics issues
through the Air Risk Information Support Center (Air RISC); and research on
inhalation reference doses (RfDs) for air toxics.
2-16
-------
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources. Exposures. Health
Effect and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants. In support of
the Agency's Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, the research program office
will continue risk assessments for multiple and non-cancer indoor air pollutants
and health assessments of biocontaminants found indoors. The Agency will
distribute these assessments, which are based on the results of laboratory studies
and available literature, to other Federal agencies, State and local governments,
and the general public.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,253,200 supported by 49.1
total workyears for this program, of which $2,929,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,324,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The research program office will conduct research on NAAQS assessments
including the revision of the AQCDs for nitrogen . oxides, carbon monoxide,
particulate matter (PM^) , and 1-hr ozone (03) , and will continue to develop and
evaluate databases on acid aerosols. This includes preparing External Review
Drafts for the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide AQCDs. This research program
will conduct air toxics research including technical assistance to Regions and
States through the Air RISC, research on inhalation references doses, and
assessments of health data for potential hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) by source
category. Finally, the research program office will conduct indoor air health
impact and risk assessments. These efforts will include the development of
assessment methodology for multiple pollutants and non-cancer endpoints,
assessments of biocontaminants, and simulation models.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,252,600 supported by 47.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,079,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,173,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program office worked on revising the AQCDs for carbon monoxide
and nitrogen oxide and prepared an issue paper on the health effects of acid
aerosols. ORD completed a supplement to the AQCD for ozone and other
photochemical oxidants. The research program office completed six HADs, two ERDs,
and six Tier 1 screening documents for HAPs identified for study by the Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR). The completed assessments included those on ammonia,
hydrogen fluoride, inorganic phosphorous, hospital waste incineration, and
mercuric chloride. The research office also initiated several inhalation RfDs.
In collaboration with OAR, the program developed and successfully operated the
Air Risk Information Support Center (Air RISC). The Air RISC provides technical
information to State and local governments on health risks associated with HAPs.
Finally, as part of the Agency's implementation of its indoor air research
program, the program greatly expanded the indoor air bibliographic data base and
its accessibility to the public.
2-17
-------
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,173,700 supported by 101.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,466,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,707,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $417,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,854,100 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and increase of 1.0 total workyears. The increases represent
efforts to develop measurement techniques to characterize ambient air levels of
acid aerosols, the development of area source methods, the development of indoor
air monitoring methodology, and the development and application of remote sensing
techniques.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. As State and local officials implement the particulate matter NAAQS,
improved methods are needed to refine measurements of particulate matter in
ambient air. Erroneous measurement techniques may lead to unnecessarily costly
control strategies or, conversely, failure to address potential health hazards.
In 1991, research will focus on evaluation of cost-effective methodologies for
measuring inhalable particulate matter. This effort includes an evaluation of
PM10 continuous monitors and development of an aerosol classifier for determining
particle size distributions. The focus of this research program will be on
measuring and monitoring ozone and acid aerosols. Based on the lack of an
acceptable, low-cost aerosol measurement method, the Agency will also emphasize
developing and improving methods for measuring human exposure to acid aerosols.
Other acid aerosol research will include ambient characterization of acid aerosols
and broader support of ongoing epidemiological studies. In response to the
Clean Air Science Advisory Committee (CASAC) recommendations, the research program
will study up to 6 urban areas for spatial distribution of acids, source-receptor
relationships, seasonal patterns, local and synoptic meteorological influence,
and the relationship of personal exposure to indoor and outdoor concentrations.
Also, the research program will evaluate, improve, and standardize other ambient
monitoring systems for criteria pollutants. The program office will provide
quality assurance, analytical assistance, and data management support to program
offices, other EPA laboratories, and international agencies.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. To ensure the
accuracy and precision of data used for NSPS and SIPS regulatory and enforcement
decisions, the program will develop source measurement methodologies and quality
assurance techniques for a variety of pollutants with an emphasis on fine
particles. Specifically, the program will conduct studies on real-dimensional
data in real-time intervals obtained using Light Induced Detection and Ranging
(LIDAR) techniques in order to help evaluate control strategies such as review
effectiveness of State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and to ensure that the Agency
keeps abreast with the significant advances in remote sensing and attendant data
integration. These techniques are being developed in order to help Regions in non-
attainment for such pollutants as ozone and particulate matter. The National
Space and Aeronautics Administration (NASA) provides some of the funding for this
research. These techniques are faster than fixed site monitoring and will provide
a quick way to make three dimensional comparisons of pollutants in an area. Also,
the research program will develop source measurements and quality assurance
techniques for a variety of pollutants with emphasis on inhalable and fine
2-18
-------
particles; provide quality assurance to other Agency components, States, and
Regions; and, distribute certified reference materials to users. There will be
a summary report on the control strategy applications of the Regional Oxidant
Modeling Northeast Transport (ROMNET) program.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. Source emission monitoring is needed to set the National Emissions
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants mandated by the Clean Air Act (CAA) and
to determine compliance with these standards. This research program will focus
on the completion of methodologies for existing NESHAPS. To improve the estimates
of exposure to potential HAPs, the research program will conduct studies to
develop, evaluate, and standardize monitoring systems for ambient air, and
sources. The Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP), a multidisciplinary research
program to quantify exposure to airborne pollutants, will emphasize methods
development for both indoor and outdoor detection of important HAPs. New air
toxics methods will be developed for the implementation of the President's
proposed Clean Air Act legislation. The research office will publish an article
on source apportionment of mutagenic activity in fine particle organics identified
in the Boise, Idaho field study.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. This
research program will improve the data base on actual human exposure to mobile
source pollutants. The program office will extend the carbon monoxide (CO) human
exposure methodology to benzene and other volatile organic pollutants with an
emphasis toward quantifying exposures resulting from the use of alternative fuels
like methanol. The research office will develop, refine and field-test human
activity pattern-exposure models. Also, statistical models which predict human
exposures to pollutants while traveling in vehicles will be evaluated. All of
these efforts will be coordinated to develop a realistic picture of actual
exposure to mobile source pollutants.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources. Exposures. Health
Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants. Based on
the human exposure research needs identified by the Total Human Exposure Research
Council and to support the Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, the focus of
indoor air monitoring research will be on developing building diagnostic and
measurement methods like study protocols, questionnaires, and instruments to be
used for indoor air studies in complaint buildings and residences.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,902,100 supported by 100.5
total workyears for this program, of which $6,049,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,852,900 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
This research program will evaluate and improve: ambient and source
monitoring systems; measurement methods to include in-depth evaluation of PR,0
samplers; the development of methods for measuring acid aerosols; and remote
monitoring techniques such as the airborne UV-DIAL system for measuring S02 and
ozone. The Toxic Air Monitoring Stations (TAMS) program will conduct field
evaluations for potential widespread application of methodologies for a variety
of air toxic pollutants. This research will include a report on the analysis of
Eastern U.S. visibility data. The Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) is
2-19
-------
analyzing the results from the air monitoring field study. The program office is
also developing quality assurance procedures and materials for use in Agency
monitoring programs and regulatory activities, and will conduct evaluations of
the quality of monitoring data collected by Regions, States, and other outside
sources. Indoor monitoring research is focused on developing air samplers, for
use in quantifying indoor air exposures in important microenvironments, and on
developing methodologies which identify sources contributing to "Sick Building"
syndrome.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $12,612,900 supported by 109 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,290,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,322,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A comprehensive workshop was conducted to identify the available measurement
techniques to characterize ambient air levels of acid aerosols. Based on the
results of the workshop, selected methods will be tested and evaluated under
standard conditions in order to make improvements in the measurement techniques
and to allow a comparison of acid aerosol data being obtained in several on-going
epidemiological studies and future acid aerosol characterization studies. Also,
several commercially available methods have been evaluated and approved as
equivalent methods for measuring ambient levels of PM10. A report was completed
on population exposures to mobile source pollutants for 1988.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,817,500 supported by 113.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,193,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,624,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a increase of $648,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $1,850,800 in the Research and
Development appropriation and a 1.0 decrease in total workyears. The decrease
in Research and Development appropriation reflects a smaller investment than the
prior year in equipment for the Chapel Hill, NC, inhalation facility. Also, the
NHANES III resources were transferred to the multi-media budget subactivity.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
The NAAQS program will focus on ozone and acid aerosols. With confirmation of
the existence of ozone health effects, this research will study acute, subchronic,
and chronic exposure to criteria pollutants in response to the statutory mandate
for periodic review of NAAQS and the research needs identified by the CASAC of
the Agency's SAB. Research will emphasize species sensitivity issues and
inflammatory and pulmonary function responses in man. This will include an
assessment of the pulmonary health effects of inhaled acid aerosols in animals.
Studies of exposure to criteria pollutants will shift from acute to chronic
effects and will emphasize the respiratory and immunological effects of 03, N02,
and sulfuric acid. The research program will also develop theoretical models of
respiratory tract deposition. Clinical studies will clarify the risks to
potentially susceptible subpopulations. This research will include chronic animal
toxicology studies to determine the relationship between long-terra exposure to
2-20
-------
urban patterns of ozone and the onset or exacerbation of chronic lung disease.
Epidemiology studies will emphasize chronic cardiopulmonary effects of ambient
and indoor combinations of pollutants.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. To support development of regulations for toxic air pollutants, the
Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) will emphasize pharmacokinetics studies to
clarify the relationship between exposure and dose. The research office will
develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetics model for predicting dosimetry
of volatile organic compounds in humans. Also, the program office will conduct
studies which will assess the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of vapor phase
mixtures, as well as, the non-cancer effects of urban mixtures (both source
emissions and ambient concentrations), and dose-response relationships for
individual compounds and complex mixtures. Dosimetry studies will focus on
pulmonary deposition and dose to genetic materials. Bioassays will be developed
and validated for use in biomonitoring networks.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. This
research program provides data for Agency policymakers on the risks to public
health and welfare from exposure to automotive emissions and the atmospheric
transformation products of these emissions. The program office will conduct
additional research to determine the contribution of motor vehicle emissions to
the mutagenicity of ambient air and to assess DNA adducts as biomarkers of risk
from mobile source emissions. This research program will also study the effect
of alternative fuels on the mutagenic activity of automotive emissions including
analyses of alternative fuel use required under the Alternative Motor Fuels Act
of 1988 which will be used for a new biannual Report to Congress. Finally the
program office will study health effects of motor vehicle fuels, additives, and
alternative fuels (such as methanol).
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources. Exposures. Health
Effects and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants. Indoor air
research will emphasize the health effects of combustion products, "sick building
syndrome," volatile organic compound mixtures, and environmental tobacco smoke
(ETS). The research office is proposing to complete a report on the effects from
inhalation of chemical mixtures found in indoor environments. Biomarker research
will examine ways that can be used to estimate exposures to ETS. Results of these
studies will be used to develop health risk assessments. Other new research will
include research on non-cancer health effects, the genotoxicity of emissions from
various indoor combustion appliances, and associated mitigation strategies. The
program office will expand to other areas including exposure and dosimetry of
environmental tobacco smoke, including continued research on other exposure
biomarkers.
Health Effects Institute. The principal goal of the Health Effects
Institute (HEI) is to gather information and conduct research on the health
effects of motor vehicle emissions. Research will focus on human dose-response
characterization, and the quantification of human risk from mobile source
pollutants, including alternative fuels.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $23,019,400 supported by 114.0
total workyears for this program, of which $6,544,100 is from the Salaries and
2-21
-------
Expenses appropriation and $16,475,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
This research program will study acute, sub-chronic, and chronic exposures
to ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and other NAAQS pollutants to
determine effects on various systems (including respiratory, metabolic, and immune
systems). This program office will also expand research on acid aerosols to
include studies on host defense mechanisms and will include a report on the
response of the human respiratory tract to acute exposure to acid aerosols.
Animal toxicology and human epidemiology studies on N02, 03, S02, and sulfuric acid
will emphasize research on the relationship between exposure, dose, and effects
(including respiratory disease). The Interdivisional Air Toxics Program is
concerned with the genotoxic effects associated with exposure to complex mixtures
and will also study the impact of alternative fuels and their emissions on human
health. An assessment will be conducted on the contribution of mobile source
emissions to the genotoxicity of ambient urban aerosol mixtures. Indoor air
research focuses on the identification and evaluation of biomarkers for the
particulate and vapor phases of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and on chamber
studies evaluating indoor VOCs as it relates to "sick building syndrome." There
will be an assessment of the contribution of wood burning and automobile emissions
to the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of airborne pollutants. There will also
be a report assessing the potential carcinogenicity of combustion emissions from
unvented indoor kerosene heaters. Support is also provided for the Health Effects
Institute (HEI) which is studying the various aspects of criteria pollutant
toxicity and the health effects associated with mobile source pollutants
(including diesel exhaust, aldehydes, and alternative fuels).
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $20,846,900 supported by 111.7
total workyears for this program, of which $7,422,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $13,424,500 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Twenty reports/articles were issued in the following research areas:
scientific support for development and review of primary and secondary NAAQS (one
report is on prolonged exposure to ozone at or below current one-hour NAAQS);
support for development of regulations for hazardous air pollutants; support for
the mobile source regulatory program (one report is on the effects of atmospheric
transformation on the mutagenicity of gaseous gasoline emissions); and support
for evaluation of effects associated with indoor air pollutants. There was an
assessment of the comparative mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of combustion
source emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,982,500 supported by 58.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,180,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,802,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $510,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $882,600 in the Research and Development
2-22
-------
appropriation, and an increase of 2.0 total workyears. The increase in Salary
and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement of in-house support,
the increase in Research and Development reflects new work in alternative fuels,
emissions inventory, and indoor air.
Provide Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. Research to support development,
review, and enforcement of State Implementation Plans and promulgation of New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS) includes: (1) field demonstration of the
LIMB/ADVACATE process for SOx and NOx, and (2) the completion of the field
demonstration of reburning as a means of NOx control on cyclone burners. This
research program will conduct an evaluation of selective catalyst reduction (SCR)
for NOx reduction. There will be a Joint Symposium on stationary combustion NOx
control in 1991. Also, the program office will conduct studies of PM^ control
from wood stove emissions and ozone non-attainment by controlling area VOC
emissions at a reduced rate. There will be an assessment report on the role of
consumer/commercial solvents in ozone non-attainment, including emissions
reductions approaches for the highest volume sources. New research in this area
will include the development of emissions inventory methods for criteria
pollutants which will support acid deposition, ozone non-attainment, and PM10
implementation programs. The research office will emphasize improved area source
emission estimation techniques for data handling and processing procedures and
VOC emission factors.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. The Clean Air Act directs EPA to provide information on control
techniques for hazardous air pollutants. To implement this requirement, this
research program supports the operation of the Air Toxics Control Technology
Center. The VOC control program will develop guidelines for measuring the
compliance effectiveness of air toxic regulations and an engineering quality
assurance program for permitting. SARA, Title III support activities will focus
on the evaluation of process hazards. An enhanced emissions inventory program
for air toxics will compile available data on a national basis, develop estimation
methodologies and validation techniques, and improve air toxic emission and
speciation factors. This will include a report on the development of improved
emission factors for methane for selected anthropogenic sources. Also, a
Pollution Prevention Project will begin that will identify, develop, and
demonstrate prevention techniques which reduce emissions of volatile organic
compounds (VOC's) emitted from area sources such as consumer products and
industrial solvents. This will be a joint EPA, Regional, State, and industry
effort. The research office is preparing a report on the development of a
secondary combustion woodstove for reducing particulate emissions to or below the
1990 NSPS. The research program will also include a report targeting
opportunities for mitigation research.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. This
research program will study the impact from alternative fuel use as required under
the Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 for an biennial Report to Congress.
Emissions from the production, distribution, and marketing of alternative fuels
(such as methanol, ethanol, compressed and liquified natural gas, and/or
reformulated gasoline/diesel) will be characterized.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources. Exposures. Health
Effects and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants. In pursuance
of the Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan, the research program will complete
2-23
-------
methods for testing the performance of air cleaners. Commercially available units
will be tested for their effectiveness in removing particles and vapors within
indoor environments. The performance testing results will be used by OAR in
public information documents. The research office is proposing to complete two
reports on (1) biocontaminant control by humidity control systems, air cleaners,
and biocides, and (2) on indoor pollutant "sinks." This research program will
also test indoor materials using an expanded list of products, to increase our
knowledge of which products are low-emitting, and desirable for use in buildings
to prevent indoor air quality complaints and exposures to potentially hazardous
chemicals. The program office will expand research into the methods and
procedures for investigating indoor air quality (IAQ) problems in buildings.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $8,589,100 supported by 56.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,669,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,919,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In support of NAAQS compliance, this research program will study control
technologies for S02 and NOx including the refinement of the process of making the
sorbent for the ADVOCATE process for SOx and NOx reduction and the evaluation of
selective catalyst reduction (SCR). The PM10 technical barriers program focuses
on the control of particles and condensible organics from woodstoves. The
research office will complete reports on kerosene heater emissions, retrofit
technology for existing woodstoves, the Boise, Idaho field study of woodstove
emissions, as well as, low emission material and products. The ozone non-
attainment research is concerned with technical barriers and options for
controlling area VOC emissions. The research program will expand the Air Toxic
Control Technology Center. The research program will develop jointly with OAR
a VOC control strategy to deal with ozone non-attainment. Reports on area
volatile organic compound (VOC) sources and control options to support the
Agency's post-1987 ozone non-attainment strategy, and application of conventional
particulate control technology in major areas of concern will be completed. The
research program office continues to provide technical support to EPA program
offices, Regions, States, and localities on prevention of accidental releases and
short-term toxics emissions. Indoor air research focuses on the evaluation of
air cleaners, chamber studies of organic emissions from indoor sources, and the
modelling and source characterization of indoor pollutants.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $6,411,700 supported by 56.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,376,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,035,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In the indoor air research program, personal computer models for evaluating
indoor air quality control options were developed. Reports were produced on
procedures for measuring emissions from indoor material and products and on the
effectiveness of air cleaners for IAQ control. S02 and NOx control technologies
were researched. A report on the development of an advanced process which
utilizes calcium silicate sorbents (ADVACATE) to control acid gases from
combustion sources was completed. Technical support for NSPS compliance and new
source control evaluation were provided to Regions and States. Control
2-24
-------
assessments and technology development were done for key air toxics sources.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,886,300 supported by 13.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,253,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriations and $1,633,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $327,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $386,500 in the Research and
Development appropriation and no change in total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement of in-house
support for determining the effects of air pollutants on the environment; and the
increase in the Research and Development appropriation for research into
alternative fuels.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. Data from EPA's acid deposition research efforts and other air pollution
research efforts indicate that tropospheric ozone may have significant adverse
impacts on forests. Therefore, the impact of ozone damage on economically and
ecologically significant forest species will be assessed to determine if the
damage occurring supports a new ozone standard. Research on tree responses will
begin to assess the risk from ozone on major commercially valuable forest tree
species in areas that are most at risk. EPA's research program will be closely
coordinated with the Departments of Agriculture, Interior, and Energy, as well
as private industry research organizations such as the Electrical Power Research
Institute.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,172,700 supported by 13.8
total workyears for this program, of which $925,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,246,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The research program will conduct research to determine the effects of ozone
of forests especially in sensitive tree species with emphasis on species of
economic importance. Selected forest species are being exposed to ozone levels
which are likely to occur in forest regions of the U.S.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,022,800 supported by 14.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $745,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,277,100 was from the ~
Research and Development appropriation.
A research plan was completed and peer-reviewed. Exposure studies on target
tree species were initiated. A publication of a comprehensive research plan
determine the effects of tropospheric ozone on U.S. forests was completed.
2-25
-------
CHARACTERIZATION. TRANSPORT. AND FATE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,983,900 supported by 57.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,962,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,021,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $426,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $1,091,400 in the Research and
Development appropriation and 2.0 total workyears. The increase in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement of in-house support for
development of models to predict the existence and movement of air pollutants.
The increases in Research and Development appropriations reflects an increase in
atmospheric transport and fate research on ozone non-attainment and alternative
fuels. These increases also represent a transfer of the China studies research
to the multimedia subactivity and a small transfer of NOAA salaries to the Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR).
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary
NAAQS. This research program will focus on the atmospheric formation and fate
of acid aerosols. Research will begin on a new integrated program to study acid
aerosol formation and neutralization to enable the Agency to understand how to
control or curtail formation of acid aerosol pollutants in the atmosphere. This
research program will apply existing models and emissions inventories to acid
aerosols and related pollutants, such as ammonia, and also to use with estimating
regional exposures. Finally the program office will modify simple photochemical
models to include important pollutant parameters that contribute to visibility
reduction.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. To comply with the
Clean Air Act, the States and EPA must have air quality models to develop and
review SIPS for urban ozone. To assist in that regard, the program office will
provide an evaluated chemical mechanism that predicts ozone formations for use
by State governments in preparing ozone SIPS. Research will examine the role of
biogenic VOCs and other factors in affecting ozone non-attainment and proposed
control strategies. The Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) will be used to determine
the impact of various VOCs, including biogenics and NOx emissions on ozone control
strategies for the Northeastern States and will expand to be able to predict long-
term (seasonal) type Regional ozone air quality estimates.
The research program will use data from the 1988 Acid Deposition field study
to evaluate the Regional Particulate Model. The Regional Particulate Model will
be used to assess the Regional or transmitted component of particulate matter that
impacts local urban atmospheres. Also, source apportionment techniques will be
developed that will be used to assess the individual contribution of sources to
an air quality problem.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. In order to increase the Agency's understanding of how HAPs are
formed and to estimate their expected lifetime in the atmosphere, laboratory and
field studies will be conducted to determine the atmospheric reaction rates and
transformation products of HAPs under Agency review. HAP chemistry will be
studied under conditions that simulate atmospheric conditions. Studies will be
conducted to identify potential HAPs produced in air from innocuous pollutants
2-26
-------
emitted from a variety of sources. Field measurements will quantify the ambient
concentration variabilities of HAPs in the urban atmosphere and describe the
associated atmospheric processes and implication for exposure. Smog chamber
studies will measure the reaction of air toxics and the formation of other
hazardous products from atmospheric transformation of HAPs and high-volume
manufactured organics. These studies will describe the formations, removal, and
fate of air toxics in complex atmospheric mixtures. As part of ORD's Integrated
Air Cancer Project, studies will be conducted to examine the formation, stability,
and transformation of volatile and aerosol bound organics and potentially
carcinogenic materials in the atmosphere. The atmospheric transformation will
be conducted by using bioassay-coupled smog chamber irradiation experiments that
simulate atmospheric conditions.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. To
assess potential risk to public health and welfare, and to support regulatory
development, this research program will evaluate the impact of mobile source
control technologies on evaporative and exhaust emissions with emphasis on
alternative fuels. Characterization will include both regulated and selected
unregulated emissions and will also determine the significance of "running-loss"
evaporative emissions of the tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbons at elevated
ambient temperatures. A Pollution Prevention Project will be conducted on the
potential use of alternative fuels (such as methanol) to reduce pollutant loading
to the atmosphere. This joint ORD/OPPE study will include characterization of
the emissions of vehicles powered by alternative fuels and air quality assessment
studies. New studies will include analyses required under the Alternative Motor
Fuels Act of 1988 including development of new analytical methods for measuring
the emissions from vehicles using alternative fuels, characterize combustion and
evaporative emissions products, and atmospheric transformation products and new
sensitive, selective procedures for monitoring human and ecosystem exposure to
the compounds of interest.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,465,700 supported by 55.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,535,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,930,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
This research program supports the development and evaluation of secondary
air quality standards for PM,0. Ozone non-attainment research will include
chemical models to reduce errors or uncertainties in predicting ozone formation
associated with precursor emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
oxides of nitrogen (NOx) . This research program will evaluate the Regional Oxidant
Model (ROM) against field data to determine the impacts of simulated VOC and NOx
emission controls on ozone air quality. Other ozone research includes a program
to monitor VOCs and NOx to help determine reasons for ozone non-attainment. An
improved source apportionment model will be developed for Regional scale aerosols.
A report on aerosol sources for the Eastern United States will be completed.
Special studies will be conducted to examine the potential role of biogenic VOCs
and other factors ozone non-attainment areas. The research program will conduct
studies of HAP levels in urban atmospheres and characterization of mobile source
emissions from vehicles equipped with new emission control devices using
conventional gasoline fuels or alternative fuels (such as methanol-blended fuels).
An article will be published characterizing tailpipe, evaporative, and refueling
2-27
-------
emissions from gasoline fueled automobiles.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $11,003,000 supported by 54.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,733,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,269,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, an improved version of the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) was used
to demonstrate the impact of regional VOCs and NOx control strategies with respect
to their impact on Regional ozone air quality. Also, studies were initiated in
the Atlanta area to assess the role of biogenic VOC emissions and other factors
in the ozone non-attainment problem areas. A study was completed on the
characterization of emissions from a flexible-fuel vehicle using both gasoline
and gasoline/methanol blends. An article was published that evaluated emissions
from diesels equipped with advanced emission control technology. Reports were
completed on the recommended modifications to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model, and on the identities of HAPs produced in the atmosphere from ubiquitous
innocuous pollutants.
STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,000,000 supported by 42.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,922,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $22,077,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $1,403,900 and $9,190,100
respectively, and an increase of 12.0 total workyears. The increase in both
appropriations represents a substantial increase in the global warming research
program in order to provide policymakers with reliable projections on the
potential for global warming and its environmental consequences. The increase
is also due to continued work addressing the scientific uncertainties associated
with ozone depletion. This work includes a multidisciplinary research program
to determine the impacts of increased UV-B radiation on terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems and on human health, and to investigate mitigative solutions.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects of Stratospheric
Ozone Depletion and Develop Control Technologies. Through the Montreal Protocol,
the international community has formally identified depletion of the stratospheric
ozone layer as one of the most important problems facing the world today. To
address the scientific uncertainties associated with ozone depletion, the Agency
will conduct a multidisciplinary research program in terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems, human health, and emissions and mitigative solutions. Studies of the
effects of UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystems will evaluate the relationship
between UV-B levels (dose) and other widespread anthropogenic factors such as
global climate change. This will include reports on the effects of UV-B radiation
on human immunosuppression, and wetland rice ecosystems. This will also include
research on UV-B effects on the marine food web and biogeochemical cycling and
on the evaluation of alternate compounds to CFCs and halons, and technologies to
replace those used for such purposes as refrigeration, insulation, and fire
extinguishment. This will include a report on alternatives to halons as fire
extinguishants and a status report on alternatives for insulation which do not
2-28
-------
use CFC's. Important issues under investigation include impacts on wetland rice
ecosystems, monitoring surface fluxes of UV-B radiation, effects on marine
fisheries, and assessment of current scientific understanding. The research
program will concentrate on developing ways to reduce emissions of chemicals that
contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion, including CFCs, halons, and N20, and
to transfer technology within the U.S. and to developing nations. Finally, the
research program will establish a data base for N20 emissions from a variety of
stationary combustion sources including the potential for plume formation.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects of Global
Warming and Develop Control Strategies. The potential impact of global climate
change could pose the largest and most significant long-term man-made
environmental problem of the future. To provide policymakers with reliable
projections on the potential for global warming and its environmental
consequences, the current research program will be expanded substantially. The
EPA has developed a research program in conjunction with the government-wide
research effort coordinated by the Committee on Earth Sciences (CES) of the White
House Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology. The
1991 program will focus on the role of the terrestrial biosphere in atmospheric
trace gas concentrations and surface energy balance, and what benefits can be
attained from mitigation technologies and practices. This will include a report
on practical and beneficial techniques for mitigation of trace gases emissions
and processes that control emissions of radiatively important trace gases from
the biosphere. The proposed research, which has been coordinated with other
Federal agencies such as NASA, NOAA, and the DOE, will emphasize estimating
potential changes in such major resources as forested ecosystems and agro-
ecosystems. This will include a report on the sensitivity of forest regions,
worldwide, to global change. The program office will expand work to include
organic trace gas emissions from plant canopies, as well as to develop models for
carbon fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems. This research will model anthropogenic
influences on ozone concentrations in the free troposphere and will develop
regional climatic scenarios. The program office will also conduct statistical
analyses of climatic variability and regional consequences of variation, and
quantification of feedback effects from biological processes (such as
evapotranspiration) and physical conditions (such as albedo changes). Research
will include analyses of the effects of climate change on forest growth and
reproduction; changes in carbon sequestration; semi-arid and agroecosystem
responses; climate-biosphere interaction effects; marine and near-coastal
ecological responses; and freshwater biological effects. Finally, the program
office will conduct research to determine the ambient measurements and factors
required to understand emissions from biomass burning.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,406,000 supported by 30.9
total workyears for this program, of which $2,518,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,887,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In response to increasing national and international concern over depletion
of the stratospheric ozone layer and the potential for significant global
temperature increases over the next several decades, the Agency is expanding
research on the ecological and human health effects associated with these
atmospheric changes. This research is providing Agency policymakers with the
2-29
-------
data needed to direct and develop an integrated national strategy to address
these global environmental problems. The stratospheric ozone depletion research
program is compiling and analyzing data from in-house, national, and international
sources to produce a scientific assessment on the adverse effects of stratospheric
ozone depletion. Specifically, the research program office, in order to address
the scientific uncertainties associated with ozone depletion, will conduct a
multidisciplinary research program that will determine the impacts of increased
UV-B radiation on terrestrial, aquatic ecosystems, and on human health and will
investigate mitigative solutions. Terrestrial effects studies will emphasize the
impact of UV-B levels (dose) and other widespread anthropogenic factors such as
global climate change and tropospheric ozone on agricultural and forested
ecosystems. Aquatic effects research will focus on determining UV-B effects on
the marine food chain and fisheries production. This will include development
of a predictive UV-B dose response model for commercially important fish. The
program office will complete two reports: the effects of UV-B radiation on rice
yield, and the status of alternative refrigerants for home refrigerators.
Research results will be distributed within the U.S. and to other developing
nations. Increasing national and international concern over the potential for
drastic global climate change resulting from pollutants in the troposphere and
stratosphere, and EPA's new responsibilities resulting from the Global Climate
Protection Act of 1987, required an expansion of EPA's global climate research
program in 1990. The 1990 program will focus on the impact of climate change on
key ecosystems (such as boreal forests). The proposed research, which has been
coordinated with other Federal agencies such as NASA, NOAA, and the DOE, will
emphasize estimating potential changes in such major resources as forested
ecosystems. The research program will evaluate feedbacks from ecosystem and
land-use changes, including changes in tropical forests, to changes in climate.
Also, emissions research will develop data for source/sink relationships for a
variety of radiatively important trace gases, and evaluate potential emission
management techniques. Two reports will be completed on: the estimation of
relative importance of major forest types as sources and sinks for radiatively
important trace gases, and soil microbial processes relating radiatively important
trace gas fluxes and water balance. Atmospheric modeling will expand to include
estimates of global consequences of tropospheric air-quality changes. Possible
climatic conditions resulting from global warming will be developed for a wide
variety of Regional situations. Finally, research will be initiated on the
effects of global warming on tropical vegetation, the possible consequences of
reforestation strategies on total carbon and nitrogen levels, and some effects
of warming on high-latitude (taiga/tundra) ecosystems.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,588,000 supported by 13.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $895,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,692,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
EPA scientists organized and participated in an international workshop on
Global Climate Change and Rice at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
to begin to plan the cooperative research to be carried out by EPA and IRRI;
sponsored a scientific "trilateral" (Federal Republic of Germany, The Netherlands,
and the United States) workshop on the effects of UV-B radiation; participated
in a NOAA scientific cruise to the Southeast Pacific including the Antarctic to
investigate the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and the
production of radiatively important trace gases by open ocean phytoplankton; and
2-30
-------
chaired a session on environmental effects of climate change at the Society for
Environmental Toxicology in Toronto. The research office completed a report on
the resource significance and sensibility on the most important fisheries likely
to be affected by UV-B radiation. The research office developed a strategy that
prioritized research projects that will examine the possible health effects
resulting from increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) as a result of
stratospheric ozone depletion. Experiments addressing the long-term effects of
ambient and enhanced UV-B radiation on a single phytoplankton species demonstrated
that, compared to the "no-UV" treatment, ambient levels of UV-B radiation
decreased growth and photosynthesis of the species investigated. The research
office used statistical models in an initial effort to estimate the potential
effect of a 16% decline in stratospheric ozone on global fisheries production.
The program office conducted a review of alternative refrigerants to the
CFCs which, along with computer modeling, has lead to the preliminary conclusion
that a certain class of mixtures called non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures has
the potential for use in home refrigeration. Also, the program office initiated
a program to determine the level of CFC contamination which could be allowed in
recycled refrigerant with the cooperation of the Mobile Air-Conditioning Society,
Motor Vehicle Manufactures Association, and the Society of Automotive Engineers.
This new program has resulted in several large organizations agreeing to implement
the use of recycling machines in their operations. Finally, the research office
conducted a review of the present use of CFCs as propellants in aerosols and found
many uses which could immediately utilize alternative formulations, as well as
discovering that propellant replacements were not immediately available but might
be available from the newer substitutes that are under development. The research
office will use conclusions from this work to aid other nations in replacing their
CFC aerosol propellant uses with alternatives as well as further decreasing the
U.S. usage of CFCs as aerosol propellants.
EPA scientists conducted research and prepared a report on the sensitivity
of ecological landscapes to climate change. The report identified regions in the
Pacific northwest and the southeastern U.S. as being particularly sensitive to
climate change. A major report was prepared on methods used to develop climate
scenarios. In addition, scientists within the program made a major contribution
to the Report to Congress on the Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on
the United States. This contribution included support in developing the climate
scenarios used to describe the potential effects, as well as interpreting the
results. An Appendix was prepared by program scientists on the potential impacts
of climate change on tropospheric chemistry.
The program office organized and chaired a session on the environmental
effects of climate change at the annual meeting on the Society for Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC). As a result of this session, the society will
emphasize global climate change research at the 1990 annual meeting. Finally,
over 40 papers were published, including 21 in peer reviewed literature of which
one report evaluates air quality changes due to changes in tropospheric chemical
reactions sensitive to climate change.
2-31
-------
Abatement
and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards 2-32
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment . . 2-34
National Pollutant Policies, Strategies and Rules 2-36
State Program Guidelines and Air Standards Development .... 2-39
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy 2-42
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment and Characterization . 2-44
Testing, Technical and Administrative Support ... 2-46
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance 2-47
State Programs Resource Assistance 2-50
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) . 2-51
Training 2-54
Air Quality Management Implementation 2-56
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment 2-60
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2-61
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis .... 2-63
age
-------
AIR
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Salaries & Expenses $5,489.7 $5,440.1 $5,371.4 $8,194.1 $2,822.7
Abatement Control and $5,894.3 $8,231.1 $8,126.1 $14,128.7 $6,002.6
Compliance
TOTAL $11,384.0 $13,671.2 $13,497.5 $22,322.8 $8,825.3
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies,
and Rules
Salaries & Expenses $1,879.9 $2,267.6 $2,524.0 $2,947.5 $423.5
Abatement Control and $9,349.4 $9,202.1 $9,074.9 $9,106.3 $31.4
Compliance
TOTAL $11,229.3 $11,469.7 $11,598.9 $12,053.8 $454.9
State Program Policy
Guide Iines & Air
Standards Development
Salaries & Expenses $5,595.9 $5,762.8 $5,411.7 $9,137.3 $3,725.6
Abatement Control and $2,851.7 $4,528.6 $4,470.9 $7,971.8 $3,500.9
Compliance
TOTAL $8,447.6 $10,291.4 $9,882.6 $17,109.1 $7,226.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $12,965.5 $13,470.5 $13,307.1 $20,278.9 $6,971.8
Abatement Control and $18,095.4 $21,961.8 $21,671.9 $31,206.8 $9,534.9
Compliance
Air Quality & TOTAL $31,060.9 $35,432.3 $34,979.0 $51,485.7 $16,506.7
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Emission Standards & 90.4 94.7 93.1 125.1 32.0
Technology Assessment
National Pollutant 29.5 39.3 41.3 45.0 3.7
Policies, Strategies,
and Rules
State Program Policy 95.9 100.3 97.5 139.5 42.0
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 215.8 234.3 231.9 309.6 77.7
2-32
-------
AIR
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
TOTAL UORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
National Pollutant
Policies, Strategies,
and Rules
State Program Policy
Guidelines & Air
Standards Development
TOTAL WORKYEARS
93.6 94.7 93.1 125.1 32.0
30.3 39.3 41.3 45.0 3.7
98.0 100.3 97.5 139.5 42.0
221.9 234.3 231.9 309.6 77.7
2-33
-------
AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $51,485,700 supported by 309.6 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $16,506,700 and 77.7 in total workyears from
1990. Of the request, $20,278,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $31,206,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation of $6,971,800 and an increase in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation of $9,534,900.
EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,322,800 supported by 125.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,194,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $14,128,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,822,700 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $6,002,600 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 32.0 in total workyears
from 1990. The increases will support new activities needed to implement the
President's Clean Air proposal addressing air toxics and nonattainment of
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs).
A major program emphasis in 1991 will continue to be air toxics, including
development of standards under National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPs) and other authorities and regulatory decisions for high
priority pollutants and source categories. Program activities focus primarily
on reducing the more than 1300-1600 cancer deaths per year and high individual
risks that are estimated to result from toxic air pollutants. As a result of
anticipated legislative changes, EPA will concentrate on developing a list of
the major source categories of emissions of 191 pollutants; initiating work on
developing maximum achievable control technology (MACT) for these source
categories; responding to petitions to add or delete pollutants on the list; and
developing guidelines for making alternative compliance determinations. During
1991 the Agency will focus on ten source categories in order to meet the two-
year requirements of the anticipated new legislation. The Agency also will
direct its efforts toward source categories associated with four-year
requirements.
In 1991 EPA will continue developing new source performance standards
(NSPSs) for two new source categories and control techniques guidelines (CTGs)
for seven new source categories of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.
Pursuant to requirements of the President's Clean Air proposal, the Agency will
initiate an assessment of the need for and begin development of other federal
measures .for VOC control. In addition, the Agency will begin development of an
2-34
-------
alternative control techniques (ACTs) document for sources of nitrogen oxides
(NOX); reasonably available control measures (RACMs) for PM-10 sources (urban
fugitive dust and residential wood combustion); and a study of the hazards to
public health as a result of the emissions of listed pollutants from electric
utilities.
The Agency will continue technology transfer to state and local agencies
on ozone, PM-10 and air toxics controls through the National Air Toxics
Information Clearinghouse (NATICH), the Control Technology Center (CTC), the Air
Risk Information Support Center (AirRISC), and the Best Available Control
Technology/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (BACT/LAER) Clearinghouse.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $13,497,500 supported by 93.1
total workyears to this program, of which $5,371,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,126,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 EPA is continuing NSPS development. By the end of 1990, the Agency
will have promulgated 46 NSPSs from the priority list, representing about 87
percent fulfillment of the 1977 Congressional mandate. The Agency is continuing
work on NSPSs for two source categories, municipal waste combustion and
landfills, that have not been added to the priority list. In addition, the
Agency is devoting a major effort to development of standards of performance for
hospital waste incinerators. The Agency is deferring development of the final
six NSPSs on the priority list in order to complete higher priority work.
The current program is oriented toward regulation of source categories that
emit ten hazardous air pollutants; development of NESHAPs for coke oven
emissions; and refining a ranking approach for developing NESHAPs. This approach
sets priorities and assesses source categories for NESHAPs based on multi-
pollutant impacts on human health. With the completion of EPA's policy for
setting NESHAPs, the Agency will initiate major efforts towards developing
NESHAPs using this approach. Outputs in 1990 include promulgation of NESHAPs
for the remaining source categories of benzene emissions and revisions to the
reporting requirements for the asbestos NESHAPs.
To support efforts in the area of ozone nonattainment, EPA has begun
developing CTGs for seven source categories of VOC emissions and an ACT document
for one additional source category of NOx emissions.
Consistent with the National Air Toxics Strategy, the Agency is providing
implementation support to state air toxics programs through the operation of four
centers and clearinghouses and the publication of implementation support and
technology transfer documents for air toxics, ozone, and PM-10 control.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $11,384,000 supported by 93.6 total
workyears, of which $5,489,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $5,894,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
2-35
-------
In 1989 the Agency promulgated three NSPSs, proposed rules for chromium
(comfort cooling towers) under the Toxic Substances Control Act, and published
the proposed response to benzene litigation, along with proposed benzene NESHAPs
for four source categories.
NATIONAL POLLUTANT POLICIES. STRATEGIES AND RULES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,053,800 supported by 45.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,947,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,106,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $423,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $31,400 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 3.7 total workyears.
The increases support increased policy analysis for acid deposition issues,
implementation of the Montreal Protocol for stratospheric ozone protection
(including renegotiation and recycling activities), and increased indoor air
pollution activities.
The President's Clean Air proposal will provide for an expanded Agency acid
rain program in 1991 that will require significantly revised program development
and implementation activities. The policy component of the program will continue
to provide support to the Administrator and Assistant Administrator for their
participation on the Domestic Policy Council (DPC) (or its successor
organization) and the U.S. Bilateral Advisory and Consultative Group (BACG).
The program will also initiate a project to use existing governmental and
nongovernmental networks to promote increased use of energy conservation through
least-cost utility planning and alternative energy supplies. In addition, the
program will ensure that the ten-year $500 million interagency National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) for research is responsive to policy
needs. The program will participate in the development and revision of the final
NAPAP Integrated Assessment. The program will co-chair the Acid Deposition
Subcommittee of the Air and Radiation Research Committee to guide the acid
deposition research program. The program will also provide support to the
Department of Energy (DOE) through the Innovative Control Technology Advisory
Panel (ICTAP) and will help evaluate the fifth DOE solicitation. The program
will review, comment on, and resolve controversial air and other environmental
permit issues for Clean Coal Technology (CCT) and other non-CCT innovative
control projects.
To implement and support the Montreal Protocol in 1991 EPA will develop
rules on trade with non-participating nations, methods for inspection of imported
goods, rules for discouraging export of chlorofluorcarbon (CFC) technologies,
and ways to transfer non-CFC technologies to lesser developed countries (LDCs).
The Agency will expand technical assistance to LDCs, such as India, Mexico,
China, and Brazil, with an emphasis towards energy efficiency. The CFC domestic
program will include administration of allocations, collection of charges,
initiation of any new rulemaking required by changes in the Montreal Protocol,
and consideration of a national recycling effort to create a strategic reserve
for existing uses. The Agency will undertake further risk assessments and
refinements to existing data. The Agency will also work with industry to improve
2-36
-------
technology for fire fighting, refrigeration, and refrigeration systems. These
efforts will focus on development of better mixtures, expansion of ammonia use,
development of substitutes, and production of better foams. The Agency will
expand technical assistance to private sector and Department of Defense
activities for CFC/halon substitute technology. The Agency will also continue
evaluations of the safety of alternative chemicals.
As part of its efforts to address global warming, EPA will explore
technological options and mechanisms for control of methane emissions from
livestock and will initiate evaluation of energy conservation measures. The
Agency will carry out efforts to develop integrated models. The Agency will also
develop a data base to inform industry and help organize responses that enhance
long-term competition in domestic and foreign markets. These activities will
speed development and deployment of technologies to decrease the production of
greenhouse gases.
In 1991 the Indoor Air Program will provide Agency leadership and
coordination within the federal establishment. EPA will maintain and expand
contact with appropriate private sector organizations and state and local
agencies. The Agency will issue reports on multiple chemical sensitivities and
the impact of indoor air pollution on productivity. The Agency will also release
a manual for conducting building investigations and a physician's handbook. In
addition, the Agency will complete an initial report on the development of
protocols for the identification and quantification of the "sick building
syndrome."
New activities will focus on providing training programs through existing
regional training centers and designing and implementing information distribution
mechanisms. In 1991 EPA will complete a new two-year program to develop basic
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) training programs for state and local governments. The
training programs will use guidance documents and other publications completed
in 1990. In 1991 EPA will continue operation of an IAQ information
clearinghouse. The Agency will also initiate a program to inform building owners
and employers about the significant economic costs of indoor air pollution on
the workforce. In addition, the Agency will produce information briefs for the
public on new home construction techniques and smoking place policies for
building occupants. Finally, the Agency will complete an international inventory
of IAQ activities compiled under the aegis of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS).
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $11,598,900 supported by 41.3
total workyears to this program, of which $2,524,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,074,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 the acid rain policy program will continue responding to NAPAP,
the ten-year, $500 million, interagency research program. The policy program
will complete coordination of primary research on the economic aspects of the
NAPAP final report. The program will continue to co-chair the Acid Deposition
Subcommittee of the Air and Radiation Research Committee which guides acid
deposition research. The program will continue analyses of acid rain legislative
2-37
-------
proposals including the Clean Air Act amendments. The program will also continue
support to the Administrator and Assistant Administrator for their participation
on the DPC and the BACG. Also, in 1990 EPA will continue to provide advice to
DOE, through the ICTAP, on DOE's five-year, $2.5 billion CCT Program. The acid
rain program will continue to review, comment on, and help resolve controversial
air permit application issues for CCT demonstration projects, and will assist
DOE in obtaining air, water, and solid waste CCT permits.
In 1990 EPA will continue many activities started in 1989 and will initiate
new efforts for stratospheric ozone protection. Domestically, the Agency will
develop and refine its stratospheric ozone regulatory program, as well as operate
and enforce the program established in 1989. The current rulemaking will be
revised to charge market value for the privilege of producing or importing CFCs
or halons. Monitoring of CFCs and halons production will continue with timely
data review, additional compliance monitoring, technology reviews, better
information control, and overall improved systems performance. The program will
also be integrally involved in the coordination of domestic and international
efforts to develop alternative technologies.
The program will continue to support the implementation of the Montreal
Protocol. In 1990 EPA will participate in a series of atmospheric,
environmental, technological, and economic assessments. The Agency will
participate on the Protocol's working groups and ad hoc groups to negotiate U.S.
technology transfer responsibilities. In addition, the Agency will continue to
participate in efforts to obtain other nations' signatory approval of the
Protocol and will work with other federal agencies to negotiate further
revisions. The tropospheric climate warming element of the global change program
will initiate exploratory analysis of some point and non-point source emissions,
including methane, and their associated control technologies, and emissions
impact on existing pollution control decisions.
In 1990 the indoor air program includes policy analyses; coordination
within the federal establishment; participation in a NATO-CCMS inventory of
indoor air activities; development and issuance of additional fact sheets on key
aspects of IAQ; and development of guidance on new home construction, commercial
and public building design, workplace smoking, and school IAQ management. The
indoor air program will maintain and expand contact with appropriate private
sector organizations and state and local agencies involved in IAQ activities.
The program will initiate training activities and develop additional information
on risk and economic effects of indoor air pollutants. The program will also
conduct a comprehensive rural towns indoor air survey in cooperation with the
Vermont Department of Health. In addition, the program will expand its analysis
and conduct field studies and surveys to determine the extent of various "sick
building" problems, including the issues of chemical sensitivity and building
diagnostics. The indoor air program will initiate the implementation of an IAQ
information clearinghouse.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $11,229,300 supported by 30.3 total
workyears, of which $1,879,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $9,349,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
2-38
-------
In 1989 the acid rain program continued to focus on acid rain policy and
implementation issues. The program provided detailed legislative analysis on
new and potential legislative actions under the Clean Air Act. The program also
provided technical and environmental assistance to DOE on the CCT Program and
NAPAP initiatives. The program issued the final report from the State Acid Rain
(STAR) project. The report addresses potential acid rain control program
implementation issues. The acid rain program continued to respond to petitions
calling for additional control on U.S. sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides
(NOX) emissions. The program also continued support for on-going Administration
discussions with Canada on a possible bilateral accord.
In 1989 EPA focused on implementation of the domestic rule for CFCs and
halons and further analyses of possible follow-up activities to regulatory and
non-regulatory actions. A program was established and implemented for enforcing
regulatory levels on the production and consumption of CFCs and halons. This
involved developing a tracking system for permits, completing and implementing
a reporting and record keeping system, developing an enforcement strategy, and
assessing the market responses to regulation. In addition, the program continued
to perform Montreal Protocol assessments and studies to support the United
Nation's Environmental Program in the international implementation of the
Protocol. The program expanded international coordination among various groups
and activities concerned with developing alternative technologies and transfer
of technologies to lesser developing countries in 1989. The program continued
to assess possible emission sources and other factors in global climate warming
changes.
In 1989 the indoor air program continued to provide a framework to address
indoor air problems through policy development, federal coordination, and
information dissemination. In 1989 the program completed two technical documents
initiated in 1988, one on the mitigation of environmental tobacco smoke and the
other on prevention of building-related problems. In addition, in-house staff
carried out an Agency and Interagency coordination role and developed indoor air
pollution information and mitigation fact sheets. The indoor air program
initiated efforts to communicate with various target groups on possible "sick
building" causes and solutions. The report to Congress on the long-term federal
role in indoor air quality was completed and a booklet on indoor air quality was
reprinted and reissued.
STATE PROGRAM GUIDELINES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,109,100 supported by 139.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,137,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,971,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,725,600 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $3,500,900 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 42.0 in total workyears
from 1990. The increase will support activities that are needed to begin
implementation of the President's Clean Air proposal for operating permits, acid
deposition, and nonattainment.
2-39
-------
In 1991 the Agency will continue to provide management and assistance for
attainment of NAAQSs and prevention of significant deterioration (PSD). The
regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) for the ozone and lead NAAQSs review will be
completed and a proposal to revise or reaffirm these standards will be published.
Revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide (S02) will be promulgated. The
criteria documents for the carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (N02) NAAQSs
review will be completed and the staff papers will be reviewed by the Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC). Exposure analyses, RIAs, and other
regulatory support activities will also be underway for CO and N02 NAAQSs review.
The Agency will develop guidance and regulations needed to implement the
State Implementation Plan (SIP) activities for ozone, CO, and PM-10 under new
legislation. These will include developing completeness criteria, revising and
issuing the list of nonattainment areas, and establishing ozone transport areas.
The Agency will provide procedures and techniques for determining required
emission reductions, evaluating and selecting alternative control measures,
preparing control strategy demonstrations, and analyzing transport strategies
in the Northeast. Assistance in identifying, adopting, and implementing
nontraditional control measures that will directly involve the public (e.g.,
transportation controls and consumer solvent substitution) will be provided.
Review and regulatory action on SIP submittals from the initial SIP calls will
continue.
Review and regulatory action on PM-10 SIPs will continue, especially for
newly identified nonattainment areas (Group II areas). Policy, guidance, and
assistance in problem definition and development of mitigation strategies will
be provided for a variety of problems contributing to long-term nonattainment.
These include woodstoves, prescribed burning, agricultural activities, fugitive
source and nontraditional source control measures (e.g., street cleaning), and
secondary particle formation. Management and review of SIPs submitted by states
will continue. Guidance and assistance to Regional Offices for developing court-
ordered PM-10 Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) will continue. Regulations
to control sources contributing to visibility impairment in the Grand Canyon
will be promulgated. Innovative measures to reduce the SIP backlog and expedite
processing, including a computerized SIP tracking and information system, will
be fully implemented.
State and local air toxics programs will be further enhanced with the
implementation and revision of multi-year development plans. Technical and
program support to assist states in evaluating and regulating high-risk point
sources (HRPSs) and multi-pollutant urban toxics problems will continue. The
new source review (NSR) program will provide guidance and assistance to Regions
and states that are permitting new sources. Support to national litigation over
current regulations will be provided. Rulemaking on PM-10 increments will be
completed. New procedures for conducting state program audits will be
implemented.
Guidance and regulations will be developed to implement anticipated new
legislation for operating permits. These include model permits, standardized
application forms, fee recovery requirements, and monitoring and reporting
requirements. Key elements of phase I of the acid deposition program included
in anticipated legislation will also be developed. These include regulations
governing continuous emission monitors; the issuance, trading, and banking of
2-40
-------
allowances; and the participation of industrial sources in the allowance system.
An emissions/allowance tracking system will be developed to facilitate free and
open trading. Regulations and a program for Federally-issued phase I permits
will also be developed.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $9,882,600 supported by 97.5
total workyears to this program, of which $5,411,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,470,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 review of the staff paper for the lead NAAQS will be completed by
CASAC and a proposal to revise or reaffirm the standard will be prepared. Work
on the next round of reviews of the NAAQSs for ozone, CO and N02 will be
underway. An evaluation of the need for an acid aerosols and/or fine particle
NAAQS will also be in process.
In the SIP area, primary emphasis will be on implementing ongoing programs
for CO and ozone nonattainment areas and developing and reviewing PM-10 SIPs.
For ozone and CO, these activities will focus on ensuring compliance with SIP
calls issued in May 1988 and November 1989, securing and reviewing revised
emission inventories, and reviewing SIP clean-up rules. Guidance and assistance
will be provided for long-term PM-10 nonattainment areas. PM-10 SIP submittals
will be reviewed. PSD increments will be proposed for PM-10. Regulations to
control sources contributing to visibility impairment in the Grand Canyon will
be proposed. Guidance and assistance to Regional Offices will be provided for
developing court-ordered FIPs for both ozone/CO and PM-10 nonattainment areas.
Policy and regulations to improve NSR programs will be published and workshops
will be held. Guidance and assistance to develop and implement state air toxics
programs through multi-year development plans will continue. Workshops,
emissions factors, inventory procedures, and other support will be provided to
help states evaluate and regulate HRPSs and multi-pollutant urban toxic problems.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $8,447,600 supported by 98.0 total
workyears, of which $5,595,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,851,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
NAAQS review activities in 1989 focused on lead, ozone, S02 and possible
standards for fine particles and acid aerosols. Second-round SIP calls for
deficient CO and ozone SIPs were issued. PSD increments for N02 were
promulgated. Decisions on attributing visibility impairment in PSD Class I areas
to specific sources were promulgated in four states and were proposed in three
states. Revised procedures to improve and expedite SIP processing were publish-
ed. Guidance and assistance were provided to Regional Offices in preparing
court-ordered ozone/CO FIPs and negotiating FIP settlements in Illinois and
Utah.
2-41
-------
AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4.757.3 $5,080.1 $4,908.0 $7,421.2 $2,513.2
$4,911.8 $6,174.8 $6,096.1 $11,949.7 $5,853.6
TOTAL $9,669.1 $11,254.9 $11,004.1 $19,370.9 $8,366.8
$5,243.7 $5,408.3 $5,214.3 $7,434.4 $2,220.1
$964.8 $837.2 $826.7 $850.2 $23.5
TOTAL $6,208.5 $6,245.5 $6,041.0 $8,284.6 $2,243.6
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,044.3 $1,971.8 $1,900.5 $2,430.1 $529.6
$32.9 $32.7 $32.4 $133.1 $100.7
TOTAL $2,077.2 $2,004.5 $1,932.9 $2,563.2 $630.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
$12,045.3 $12,460.2 $12,022.8 $17,285.7 $5,262.9
$5,909.5 $7,044.7 $6,955.2 $12,933.0 $5,977.8
TOTAL $17,954.8 $19,504.9 $18,978.0 $30,218.7 $11,240.7
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
74.5 84.8 83.3 113.3 30.0
92.5 92.9 92.4 94.4 2.0
30.1 35.1 33.1 37.1 4.0
197.1 212.8 208.8 244.8 36.0
2-42 .
-------
AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Character izat i on
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
84.3 84.8 83.3 113.3 30.0
97.3 92.9 92.4 94.4 2.0
33.6 35.1 33.1 37.1 4.0
215.2 212.8 208.8 244.8 36.0
2-43
-------
AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,218,700 supported by 244.8 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $11,240,700 and an increase of 36.0 total
workyears from 1990. Of the request, $17,285,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,933,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $5,262,900 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $5,977,800 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,370,900 supported by 113.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,421,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,949,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of $2,513,200 for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $5,853,600 for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 30.0 total workyears from 1990.
The increases will support additional work related to the use of clean fuels and
the implementation of the President's Clean Air Proposal.
In 1991 the mobile source standards program will continue to emphasize
control of ozone precursors and air toxics and will begin implementing the
aggressive program outlined in proposed Clean Air Act amendments. The emissions
impact of clean fuels, such as oxygenated blends and compressed natural gas (CNG)
will be investigated. Regulatory work on clean fuels will continue. Work will
begin to develop new light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle emissions standards, as
mandated by the expected Clean Air Act amendments. Revised light-duty truck
hydrocarbon standards consistent with the expected legislative changes will be
promulgated. A study of cold weather carbon monoxide (CO) emissions will be
completed. Additional testing of in-use vehicles will assess the effectiveness
of emission control technologies in controlling carbon monoxide emissions under
cold temperature conditions. The Emissions Factor Program will continue to
determine emissions from in-use vehicles. A pilot study will continue to assess
sampling methodologies and their effectiveness in closing the gaps in data on
actual emissions from in-use vehicles.
Additional work will be done to insure the effectiveness of the enhanced
vehicle inspection and maintenance programs put into place by state and local
jurisdictions. In addition, 15 audits and follow-ups of state and local
inspection and maintenance programs will be completed.
2-44
-------
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $11,004,100 supported by 83.3
total workyears for this program, of which $4,908,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,096,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 the standards program is continuing to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics. Work on clean fuels will expand to include emissions
characterization and technology assessment for fuels such as compressed natural
gas (CNG), alcohol, and propane. The regulatory program is continuing to
concentrate on control of excess hydrocarbon emissions, formaldehyde, methanol,
and particulates, as well as fuels. Revised light-duty truck hydrocarbon
standards are being proposed. The final rule for controlling diesel fuel
composition consistent with toxics particulate control will be published. Also,
the final rule for heavy-duty emissions banking and trading will be promulgated.
Testing of in-use vehicles to develop emission factors will be conducted. A
pilot study to assess alternative sampling methodologies for developing in-use
emission factors will be undertaken. The objective will be to determine the most
effective way to close gaps in data on actual emissions from in-use vehicles.
Support to the development of State Implementation Plans is continuing with
emphasis on inspection and maintenance programs for in-use vehicles. A total
of 15 formal audits and follow-ups of state and local inspection and maintenance
programs are being completed.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $9,669,100 supported by 84.3 total
workyears, of which $4,757,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,911,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program provided implementation assistance and review of State
Implementation Plans, particularly vehicle inspection and maintenance programs.
In 1989 16 inspection and maintenance program audits were carried out to assess
the effectiveness of state and local efforts. A total of 40 vehicle inspection
programs now operate in 64 urban areas throughout the country.
In support of the Agency's air toxics control strategy, the regulatory
program continued work on control of formaldehyde and particulate matter.
Characterization of emissions from vehicles powered by alternative fuels also
continued, including promulgation of a rule that set standards and test
procedures for methanol-fueled vehicles. With the implementation of lead
phasedown, additional work was directed towards alternatives to leaded gasoline.
A systematic review of the heavy-duty standards for hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, and particulate matter continued for potential future revision.
2-45
-------
TESTING. TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,284,600 supported by 94.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $7,434,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $850,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,220,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $23,500 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation and an increase of 2.0 total workyears from 1990. The
increases will support implementation of the President's Clean Air proposal and
replacement of obsolete equipment.
This program will provide testing, technical, and administrative support
to the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources at the Motor Vehicle
Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Approximately 1,000
tests will be performed on prototype vehicles and 1,440 tests on in-use vehicles
in support of the emissions factors and recall programs. In addition, 100 tests
on new and in-use heavy-duty engines will be conducted to support the
implementation and enforcement of the standards for these engines. General
activities that will be supported include recall, tampering and fuel switching,
standard-setting, emissions characterization, technology assessment, fuel
economy, in-use vehicle emissions assessment, and motor vehicle emission
certification. The support that will be provided includes: automated data
processing (ADP) timesharing services, laboratory data acquisition, and computer
operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure emissions and fuel'economy;
quality assurance and control and correlation services for EPA and industry
testing programs; maintenance and engineering design of emission testing
equipment; and personnel, administrative, safety, environmental compliance, and
facilities support services. Testing and analysis of approximately 12,000 fuel
samples collected for enforcement purposes (including volatility control) will
continue.
1990.Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,041,000 supported by 92.4
total workyears for this program, of which $5,214,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $826,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The 1990 program continues to focus on increasing the efficiency of the
testing, technical, and administrative support operations while maintaining or
expanding the quality and quantity of outputs.
Testing support to the certification, fuel economy, and in-use compliance
and assessment programs continues with a total of approximately 2,440 tests
scheduled for these programs in 1990. Testing activities supported at the MVEL
range from performing standard, well-established engineering tests to the
development and performance of new test procedures to accommodate new program
needs or changing technology.
2-46
-------
Routine testing and analysis of 12,000 fuel samples collected in the field
for enforcing fuels regulations continues. Correlation programs to maintain
equivalent test procedures between manufacturers and EPA continue. Test
equipment maintenance, calibration, and repair services are being provided. The
adequacy of existing procedures and equipment to test newer technology vehicles
is being evaluated. If necessary, new equipment and procedures will be designed.
In addition, personnel, facility support services, safety, ADP, and
administrative management functions are provided at the MVEL.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $6,208,500 supported by 97.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,243,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $964,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 a total of 850 tests were conducted for certification, fuel economy
labeling, and compliance programs. The MVEL performed 1600 tests on in-use
vehicles in support of the recall, surveillance, and tampering/fuel switching
programs; the development of emission factors; and the assessment of the
effectiveness of new emissions control technology in maintaining the emission
standards in use. Routine testing and analysis of 12,500 fuel samples collected
in the field were performed in 1989 to enforce vehicle fuel regulations,
including the newly implemented fuel volatility standards.
Basic personnel and administrative management functions, including ADP
management, were provided. Also, safety and facility services, aimed at
maintaining a high level of occupational safety and health, were provided.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,563,200 supported by 37.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,430,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $133,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $529,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $100,700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 4.0 total workyears. The increases
will support implementation of the President's Clean Air proposal and the
development of mobile source fees.
The emissions certification program will continue to assess the validity
of applications for certification of approximately 100 original equipment
manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles.
Participation in the certification program by importers reselling vehicles is
expected to stabilize in 1991. Approximately 40 certificate holders will be
bringing non-conforming imports into compliance.
In 1991 the in-use assessment program will continue to focus on the
effectiveness of onboard diagnostic systems in identifying component failure.
Rules to standardize such systems will be promulgated. Work will continue on
2-47
-------
suspected problems with manufacturers' alleged use of defeat devices and more
testing will be done under non-Federal Test Procedure conditions to assess the
degree to which emission control devices control emissions only on the standard
test cycle and do not do so in actual on-road use. Changes in certification
resulting from volatility controls will be implemented. The mobile source fee
regulation will be implemented.
The statutory fuel economy information program will be carried out, with
the provision of 1,000 labels, 50 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide. Revised CAFE and fuel economy
labeling rules required by the Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) will be
published. Guidance to manufacturers on implementing the changes required by
these revisions will be provided.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $1,932,900 supported by 33.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,900,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $32,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The emissions certification program is continuing to issue certificates of
compliance to approximately 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the
certification program by importers reselling vehicles will continue. Streamlined
procedures for handling these new certificate holders will be promulgated. In
1990 the in-use program is placing emphasis on assessment of emission control
diagnostic systems and their effectiveness in isolating emission control
component failure. A rule to standardize these systems will be proposed. Work
is also focusing on suspected problems with manufacturers' use of defeat devices,
as well as on emissions under conditions different from the Federal Test
Procedure. This additional engineering analysis will help assess the degree to
which emission control devices differ relative to the standard test cycle versus
actual on-road operational conditions. Work on a rule to implement the mobile
source fees program will begin.
The statutory fuel economy information program is being carried out, with
1,000 labels, 50 CAFE calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide being
produced. Revised CAFE and fuel economy labeling rules required by AMFA will
be proposed.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $2,077,200 supported by 33.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,044,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $32,900 was from the Abatement, Control and-Compliance
appropriation.
The emissions certification program issued certificates of compliance to
approximately 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty vehicles,
heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the certification program
by importers reselling vehicles continued to increase. EPA issued 26
certificates of conformity to Independent Commercial Importers (ICI).
2-48
-------
Certification engineering review continued to deter the production of vehicle!
designs incapable of meeting emission standards. A regulation for aftennarket
parts certification was proposed. The fuel economy program generated 1,038 fuel
economy labels, verified 41 CAFE calculations, and compiled data for the Gas
Mileage Guide. The in-use technology assessment program examined the feasibility
and reliability of onboard diagnostic systems in identifying emission control
component failure.
2-49
-------
AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 105 Grants)
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$101,478.5 $100,467.2 $99,181.4 $137,700.0 $38,518.6
TOTAL $101,478.5 $100,467.2 $99,181.4 $137,700.0 $38,518.6
Training
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$269.0
$269.0
$255.2
$255.2
$251.8
$251.8
$262.0
$262.0
$10.2
$10.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $269.0 $255.2 $251.8 $262.0 $10.2
Abatement Control and $101,478.5 $100,467.2 $99,181.4 $137,700.0 $38,518.6
Compliance
State Programs TOTAL $101,747.5 $100,722.4 $99,433.2 $137,962.0 $38,528.8
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
2-50
-------
AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $137,962,000 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for 1991, an Increase of $38,528,800 and no change in total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $262,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$137,700,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of $10,200
and an increase the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation of
$38,518,600
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $137,700,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of. $38,518,600 to support the requirements of the President's Clean
Air proposal for acid deposition, air toxics, operating permits, and NAAQSs
nonattainment.
In 1991 states will continue to have major responsibility for implementation
of programs to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) for ozone
and carbon monoxide (CO). Deficiencies in existing state and local stationary
and mobile source control programs will be corrected, ongoing programs will be
reviewed for effectiveness, monitoring and compliance programs will be continued,
and State Implementation Plans (SIPs) will be initiated for"those areas not in
attainment. To prepare attainment plans, states must complete their efforts to
develop and update ozone/CO emissions inventories with a focus on correcting
deficiencies in baseline inventories and performing quality assurance on the data
prior to formal submission. States will also analyze long-range transport
issues, evaluate and select alternative control measures for stationary and
mobile sources,'and develop vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) strategies.
The Agency will support the following expanded activities needed to
implement anticipated new Clean Air legislation: upgrade, operate, and quality
control monitoring networks for ozone, CO, NOX, and nonmethane organic compounds
(NMOCs); increase inspection and enforcement actions to implement existing
requirements; review program effectiveness and improve emission inventories;
correct new source review programs; develop and adopt SIPs to include required
provisions such as reasonably available control technology (RACT); I/M from Part
D and enhanced I/M; Stage II; and reasonable further progress.
In addition to Group I SIPs for size-specific particulate matter (PM-10),
states will continue to develop SIPs in any Group II or III areas which show
monitored air quality violations. In addition, states will develop SIP revisions
that will replace prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments for
2-51
-------
total suspended particulate (TSP) with increments for PM-10. Expanded support
will be provided for enforcement of existing requirements, modeling and control
strategy demonstrations, and correction of new source review programs.
Air toxics control programs will continue and additional support will be
provided to enable state and local agencies to implement the requirements of the
President's Clean Air proposal, particularly alternative compliance exemptions
which can only be issued by state and local agencies having EPA-approved permit
programs. States will continue to submit sulfur dioxide (S02) SIP revisions for
individual sources. State efforts on operating permits will focus on securing
legislative authority for permit programs, fees, or submission of fees to the
air pollution program. Expanded support in the area of acid deposition will
allow all states having phase I sources to interact with EPA as the Agency
develops phase I requirements. This will help ensure that these requirements
are consistent with state regulations and will facilitate state assumption of
phase II responsibilities. The Agency will continue to issue permits for new
sources and support air pollution control activities on Indian lands. States
will also conduct additional inspections and enforcement actions for asbestos
demolition and renovation (D&R). State and local government efforts to build
their capacity to identify and solve indoor air quality problems will be
supported. Resources will continue to be used to support the provision of
specialized training for persons involved in air pollution control at the state
and local level.
In 1991 states will continue to carry out activities essential to the
operation and maintenance of effective air pollution regulatory programs. These
include the implementation of source surveillance and compliance programs aimed
at assuring initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources subject to
SIP requirements, New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs), and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). States will operate the state
and local air monitoring system (SLAMS) networks, maintain quality assurance
programs, and provide data on air quality levels, trends, and attainment status.
States will continue to assume responsibility for the implementation of newly
promulgated NSPSs and for the review and permitting of new sources, including
those to which PSD requirements apply.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $99,181,400, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 a major focus of the control agency support program is the
implementation of post-1987 attainment requirements for ozone and CO. States
will continue efforts initiated in 1989 for correcting and modifying existing
regulations, control measures, programs, and procedures. These include efforts
to expand the inspection and improve the compliance of Class A and B volatile
organic compound (VOC) sources. A major initiative to prepare base year
emissions inventories for ozone and CO nonattainment areas will continue with
emphasis on quality assurance, review, and revision. States are working on
revisions to their SIPs required by EPA's May 1988 SIP calls and additional SIP
calls of November 1989. States are also analyzing the effectiveness of current
VOC control programs in order to correct these programs if necessary. Efforts
within the Northeast and Middle Atlantic states to apply the regional ozone model
2-52
-------
to identify transport and assess control options over large areas continue.
Major efforts are under way to develop other data bases such as NMOC data needed
for attainment demonstration modeling. Efforts to develop projection year
inventories will be initiated during 1990.
State and local agencies are continuing to implement various elements of
their multi-year plans for building and implementing programs for assessing and
reducing exposure to air toxics. States are continuing to prepare required PM-
10 SIPs for Group I areas. In addition, states are performing necessary analyses
and preparing SIPs for Group II areas where nonattainment problems have been
identified. Programs to establish the required PM-10 ambient monitoring network
will be completed. States continue to operate (S02) monitoring networks and
inspect major S02 sources. State PSD and new source review (NSR) programs are
also continuing.
States are also carrying out inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring initial and continuous compliance by all major stationary sources,
including timely and appropriate responses to violations. Emphasis continues
on identifying contractors that violate the asbestos D&R regulations and taking
appropriate follow-up action. In addition, states are continuing to fully
operate and monitor the quality of the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) and
SLAMS networks and to assume responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and
NESHAPs.
Support for three special projects is continued from 1989. These projects
are: (1) Northeast ozone and visibility studies for coordinated air use
management and continued interstate coordination on ozone nonattainment and air
quality; (2) an international emissions monitoring study in the El Paso/Juarez
airshed; and (3) the San Joaquin Valley ozone modeling effort. In addition,
support is being provided for specialized training of persons involved in air
pollution control at the state and local level.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $101,478,500, all of which was from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 much of the control agency support program focused on the
implementation of the post-1987 attainment requirements for ozone/CO. States
worked on revisions to their SIPs required by EPA's May 1988 SIP call. Efforts
initiated in 1988 for correcting and modifying existing RACT regulations and
other control measures for VOCs continued. The preparation of base year
emissions inventories for ozone and CO nonattainment areas commenced in 1989
and the collection of NMOC data continued. States also began to analyze the
effectiveness of current VOC control programs in order to determine the need to
modify these programs. Efforts to expand the Class A and B VOC source inspection
program and the compliance level of these sources continued. Efforts to identify
multi-day transport and assess control options over large areas continued in
the Northeast and Middle Atlantic states.
States continued to prepare required PM-10 SIPs for Group I areas. States
also performed analyses and prepared SIPs for Group II areas where nonattainment
problems were identified. Work continued on establishing the PM-10 ambient
2-53
-------
monitoring network. States continued to operate S02 monitoring networks and
inspect major S02 sources. State and local agencies continued to implement
various elements of their multi-year development plans for building and
implementing programs for assessing and reducing exposure to air toxics. State
and local agencies worked to identify and integrate air toxics considerations
into current regulatory programs for both ozone and PM-10.
States continued to carry out source inspection and monitoring programs to
assure both initial and continuous compliance by major stationary sources.
States continued to identify contractors that violated the asbestos D&R
regulations and took appropriate follow-up actions. States also continued to
operate and monitor the quality of NAMS/SLAMS networks and to assume
responsibility for implementing NSPSs and NESHAPs.
Resources to support specialized training for state/local personnel involved
in abatement and control activities were made available in 1989. In addition,
the following four special projects were supported in 1989: (1) Northeast ozone
and visibility studies for coordinated air use management and continued
interstate coordination on ozone nonattainment and air quality; (2) an
international emissions monitoring study in the El Paso/Juarez airshed for
6zone/CO and PM-10; (3) application of the urban airshed model for the San
Joaquin Valley; and (4) data analyses of emissions data from the high-altitude
automobile emissions testing program in Denver.
TRAINING
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $262,000 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $10,200 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1990.
In 1991 the Agency will continue to manage its program of training persons
involved in air pollution control at the state and local level. The program will
continue to develop, update, and revise short courses. In addition, self-
instr.uctional training will be provided to persons involved in abatement and air
pollution control at the state and local level. Technical support will be
provided to states and Regions which provide funding for planning specialty
workshops and training courses.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $251,800 supported by 4.0 total
workyears to this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1990 the Agency is managing the development, revision, and delivery of
short courses and self-instructional materials with major emphasis on the
development of training courses in the areas of PM-10, ozone/CO, and permitting.
2-54
-------
The Agency is also providing technical support to states and Regions planning
workshops and training courses. In addition, existing courses are being updated
as a result of regulatory changes.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $269,000 supported by 4.2 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1989 self-instructional training to persons involved in air pollution
control at the state and local level was provided and approximately 35 short
courses were presented throughout the country. Existing courses were updated
and new courses were developed.
2-55
-------
AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses (12,556.1 $12,763.8 $13,309.5 $15,861.6 $2,552.1
Abatement Control and $368.9 $2,870.8 $2,831.6 $322.9 -$2,508.7
Compliance
TOTAL $12,925.0 $15,634.6 $16,U1.1 $16,184.5 $43.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $12,556.1 $12,763.8 $13,309.5 $15,861.6 $2,552.1
Abatement Control and $368.9 $2,870.8 $2,831.6 $322.9 -$2,508.7
Compliance
Air Quality Management TOTAL $12,925.0 $15,634.6 $16,141.1 $16,184.5 $43.4
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management 258.2 288.7 272.8 325.7 52.9
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 258.2 288.7 272.8 325.7 52.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management 273.3 288.7 288.0 325.7 37.7
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 273.3 288.7 288.0 325.7 37.7
2-56
-------
AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,184,500 supported by 325.7 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $43,400 and 37.7 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $15,861,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $322,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of
$2,552,100 and a decrease in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
of $2,508,700.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,184,500 supported by 325.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $15,861,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $322,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,552,100 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $2,508,700 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 37.7 in total workyears
from 1990. The increases reflect support for the requirements of the President's
Clean Air proposal for acid deposition, air toxics, operating permits, and
nonattainment. The decrease in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation represents completion of funding for selected special projects.
In 1991 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue to implement measures
to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) for ozone and carbon
monoxide (CO). The Agency will provide guidance to states in a number of areas
including the development of emissions inventories, correction of existing
stationary and mobile source regulations and programs, procedures and techniques
for determining required emission reductions, evaluating and selecting control
measures, and preparing attainment demonstrations. Ongoing control programs will
be reviewed for effectiveness. State Implementation Plans (SIPs) will be
reviewed as they are submitted and rulemakings will be initiated. Regional
Offices will provide expanded guidance and assistance to the states for the
following activities: classification of ozone/CO non-attainment areas, new
source review (NSR) corrections, application of reasonably available control
technology (RACT) measures, Stage II implementation, and implementation of the
oxygenated fuels program. Regions will also track the implementation of SIPs
and support states as they enforce rules to limit the volatility -of gasoline.
In addition, Regions will provide coordination of control agencies to ensure
correction of identified deficiencies in draft inventories prior to their formal
submission. Regions will expand their efforts to provide emission inventory
guidance to states for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and assistance in
refining base year inventories, tracking progress requirements, and preparing
projection and attainment year inventories.
2-57
-------
Regions will continue to provide guidance to states on the development and
submission of State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to implement the NAAQSs for size
specific particulate matter (PM-10). PM-10 SIPs will be reviewed as they are
submitted and rulemaking is initiated. The Regions will assist states in
developing SIP revisions that will replace prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD) increments for total suspended particulates with increments
for PM-10. Efforts associated with the development of PM-10 Federal
Implementation Plans (FIPs) will continue consistent with requirements of
litigation and new legislation. Regions will provide expanded support to states
in the development of NSR corrections.
State and local programs to control air toxics will be supported. Sulfur
dioxide (S02) SIP revisions will be reviewed as they are submitted. A number of
other ongoing air quality management activities will be continued including
review and oversight of the air grants process, implementation of the national
air audit system, support to litigation activities, and support to state NSR/PSD
programs. New efforts in the Regions in the area of operating permits will focus
on assisting states without legislative authority to secure such legislative
changes for permit programs, fees, or submission of fees to the air pollution
program.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $16,141,100 supported by 288.0
total workyears to this program, of which $13,309,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,831,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
A major focus of the Regional air quality management program is the
implementation of the post-1987 requirements for correcting ozone and CO
nonattainment problems. The efforts to correct and improve inventories and
existing regulations, control measures, programs, and procedures extend into
1990. Regions will provide detailed assistance to those areas with the most
serious problems to complete the required revisions to the SIPs on schedule.
Regions will review state-submitted SIP revisions and will initiate appropriate
rulemaking. Considerable effort will be expended on development of court-
mandated FIPs in the areas of ozone/CO and PM-10. Follow-on analyses for the
Regional ozone model in the Northeast and Middle Atlantic states will be
undertaken.
Ongoing implementation of other air quality management programs include:
(1) reviewing and taking rulemaking action on state-submitted SIP revisions for
PM-10, (2) assisting state and local agencies in implementing their multi-year
development plans for improving and carrying out air toxics control programs,
(3) reviewing and taking rulemaking action on state-initiated S02 SIP revisions,
and (4) performing other functions such as managing the air grants process,
selective implementation of the National Air Audit System, and assisting states
in the implementation of the programs for PSD, including development of nitrogen
dioxide (N02) PSD increments and NSR.
In 1990 support is provided for the following special projects: (1)
development of the urban airshed model to support a FIP for the Chicago area;
(2) a three-year environmental health study in Louisiana to identify priorities
2-58
-------
for controlling and correcting environmental pollution problems; (3) a Sacramento
ozone modeling effort in support of a FIP; and (4) an alternative fuels options
demonstration project in the South Coast Air Quality District.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $12,925,000 supported by 273.3 total
workyears, of which $12,556,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $368,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 one of the major priorities of the Regional air quality management
program was implementation of post-1987 requirements for correcting ozone and
CO nonattainment area problems. The Regional Offices continued to work with
state and local agencies to correct and improve existing regulations, control
measures, and overall program effectiveness. Work on the regional ozone model
in the Northeast and Middle Atlantic states continued with the completion of
monitoring activities and data base development.
The Regions also reviewed, processed, and took rulemaking actions on state-
submitted SIP revisions for PM-10 and for S02. The SIP reform process was
implemented by the Regions and resulted in a significant number of "backlog" SIP
revisions being processed in 1989. Assistance was provided to state and local
agencies for implementing multi-year development plans for improving air toxics
programs. The Regions also continued to manage the air programs grant process
and assist states in the implementation of the PSD and NSR programs.
Considerable effort was expended on development of court-mandated FIPs for
ozone/CO nonattainment areas and negotiation of FIP settlements in Illinois and
Utah.
2-59
-------
AIR
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses $3,769.5 $3,978.8 $3,860.9 $4,455.9 $595.0
Abatement Control and $301.9 $118.9 $116.5 $122.8 $6.3
Compliance
TOTAL $4,071.4 $4,097.7 $3,977.4 $4,578.7 $601.3
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Management &
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $4,366.5 $4,401.1 $4,279.8 $6,026.0 $1,746.2
Abatement Control and $4,006.7 $6,354.7 $6.273.6 $10,269.4 $3,995.8
Compliance
TOTAL $8,373.2 $10,755.8 $10,553.4 $16,295.4 $5,742.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $8,136.0 $8,379.9 $8,140.7 $10,481.9 $2,341.2
Abatement Control and $4,308.6 $6,473.6 $6,390.1 $10,392.2 $4,002.1
Compliance
Trends Monitoring & TOTAL $12,444.6 $14,853.5 $14,530.8 $20,874.1 $6,343.3
Progress Assessment
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 78.2 86.2 82.4 86.2 3.8
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions 79.1 80.5 79.0 92.0 13.0
Data Management &
Ana Iys i s
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 157.3 166.7 161.4 178.2 16.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality 83.0 86.2 86.1 86.2 .1
Monitoring
Air Quality & Emissions 81.0 80.5 79.0 92.0 13.0
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS 164.0 166.7 165.1 178.2 13.1
2-60
-------
AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,874,100 supported by 178.2 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $6,343,300 and 13.1 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $10,481,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $10,392,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation of
$2,341,200 and an increase of $4,002,100 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,578,700 supported by 86.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,455,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $122,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $595,000 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $6,300 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 0.1 in total workyears from 1990.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation will support increased
personnel costs and upgrading the capacity of EPA Regional laboratories.
In 1991 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and management
of state air monitoring programs including grants review, coordination of
emission and air quality data bases, and validation of data from the National
Air Monitoring System (NAMS) and the State and Local Air Monitoring System
(SLAMS) data base. Data analyses including air quality trend information will
be developed as input to the Regional Trend Reports.
In the area of quality assurance, significant resources will be used for
on-site systems audits of state networks and monitors. In addition, the Regional
laboratories will continue to participate in the national air audit program.
Size-specific particulate matter (PM-10) monitors established or moved during
1990 will require review and site visits to verify compliance with EPA air
monitoring regulations. Reviews of PM-10 ambient data and sampling frequency
will be performed and will include data critical to classification determinations
and identification of possible control strategies.
Regional Office implementation of the Toxics Air Monitoring System (TAMS)
network will involve coordinating operational improvements with the Office of
Research and Development and state and local agencies. Resources will also be
used to provide monitoring/quality assurance support and technical assistance
to states in evaluating the source impact of specific toxic air pollutants from
sources considered for regulation under state control programs. Support for
state and local toxics efforts in urban areas will continue with management,
2-61
-------
coordination, and technical assistance provided to complete or refine toxics
emission data bases and to improve state and local ambient monitoring
capabilities.
Technical oversight and support will be provided to state and local programs
developing data bases needed to prepare State Implementation Plans (SIPs). This
will include data bases for 101 ozone areas and 44 carbon monoxide (CO) areas,
as well as for additional areas that exceed National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQSs) in 1989 or 1990. This effort will include limited
coordination of the periodic nonmethane organic compounds/nitrogen oxides
sampling programs. Oversight of revisions to the CO and ozone ambient networks
will continue with emphasis on evaluating networks for newly identified
nonattainment areas and implementing corrective actions. The Regions will
continue to provide quality assurance support to Indian tribal units and to
assist in developing ambient monitoring programs.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,977,400 supported by 86.1
total workyears to this program, of which $3,860,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $116,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990 TAMS is being operated at two sites in Boston and two sites in
Houston. The Regions are continuing to work with states in identifying and
eliminating air monitoring sites that have marginal utility and in implementing
changes needed to adequately monitor all areas where revised SIPs for ozone and
CO are being prepared. To support the development of post-1987 ozone/CO SIPs,
Regional Office efforts to improve the quality and timeliness of ambient and
emission data bases are continuing.
The Regions are continuing their programs of on-site visits to review and
audit NAMS monitors and a small percentage of SLAMS monitors and to review
laboratories for proper operating and quality assurance procedures. The
validation, management, and coordination of state and local air quality and
emission data bases before they are submitted to EPA's central data bank are
continuing. Quality assurance activities and state audits are continuing and
participation in the National Air Audit System (NAAS) is also continuing.
The Regions will continue to have active roles in overseeing State and local
sampling networks for PM-10 established in 1988 and 1989. As part of their
oversight of ongoing PM-10 sampling programs the Regions are active in reviewing
and interpreting ambient data and in coordinating state adjustments to sampling
frequency at sites that exceed PM-10 NAAQS. The Regions are also involved in
preparing and validating ambient data bases needed to implement the initial
nonattainment designations required under pending revisions to the Clean Air Act.
The Regions will also continue to provide quality assurance support to Indian
tribal units and to assist in developing ambient monitoring programs.
2-62
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $4,071,400 supported by 83.0 total
workyears, of which $3,769,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $301,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 the Regional Offices coordinated the collection, validation, and
submission of ambient data necessary to support EPA actions calling for revised
SIPs for ozone and CO. In addition, the Regions assisted states in implementing
network plans for ambient monitoring of PM-10 and developing quality assurance
plans necessary to meet EPA requirements. On-site audits of 300 monitors were
conducted including 45 proposed or newly established PM-10 sites. The Regions
also assisted 62 state and local agencies in assessing potential risks from toxic
pollutants through ambient sampling and 51 agencies in developing emission
inventories.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSION DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,295,400 supported by 92.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,026,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,269,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,746,200 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $3,995,800 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 13.0 workyears from 1990. The
increases reflect support for the requirements of the President's Clean Air
proposal for air toxics and NAAQSs nonattainment.
Both of the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) Subsystems will
be maintained and guidance will be provided to users. A total of 12 to 15
additional states will be provided with access to the Facility Subsystem. New
software to support high priority reports and analyses will be implemented for
both Subsystems. Additional AIRS software to track, summarize, and display air
quality and emission data relating to ozone and CO regulatory programs will be
developed.
Efforts to develop improved methods for compiling emissions inventories will
continue as will efforts to develop and issue PM-10 emission factors for
significant sources of particulates. Support of Headquarters, Regional Office,
and state and local modeling of both NAAQS and toxics pollutants will continue
as will on-going efforts to evaluate model accuracy and provide refined models
and guidance. Implementation of the Agency's toxic monitoring strategy will
continue. Emission testing support will continue and include technical support
to state and.local agencies. The program will also continue to prepare analyses
of ambient and emission trends, issue status and trends reports and provide
national oversight of SIP ambient monitoring.
Technical support to the ozone/CO program will continue. New or slightly
expanded support will be provided in four critical areas: (1) Development of
a new system for storing, retrieving, and analyzing emissions inventory data on
smaller (area) sources. This will complement related EPA capabilities for
2-63
-------
handling inventory data from large (point) sources and will be a major module
of AIRS. (2) Provision of ambient monitoring guidance and support to facilitate
the correction of deficiencies in current networks, the establishment of long-
term networks for sampling ozone precursors, and the implementation of enhanced
networks in newly identified areas. (3) Development of technical, guidance for
the future application of urban grid models, provision of technical and
operational support to State and local modeling efforts for both CO and ozone
areas, and initiation of work on long-term application of regional oxidant models
in three regions. (4) Initiation of programs for managing, tracking, and quality
assuring emission inventory data including data quality reviews of SIP
inventories for national consistency. Also, efforts will be initiated to develop
prescriptive requirements for preparing point and area source inventories.
The Agency will provide expanded air toxics support in four areas: (1)
Development of emission test methods for maximum achievable control technology
(MACT) standards to be issued within two and four years of enactment of expected
legislative changes; (2) Provision of technical support to states on test method
application; (3) Development of emission factors to support state implementation
of toxics programs; and (4) Conduct of dispersion analyses for proposed MACT
standards and to assist in developing guidance for demonstrating alternative
compliance.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $10,553,400 supported by 79.0
total workyears to this program, of which $4,279,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,273,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 priority is given to four areas: (1) Providing active support to
the ten EPA Regional Offices and to an expanding number of state users of the
Air Quality Subsystem of AIRS; (2) Providing training, documentation, and access
to the AIRS Facility Subsystem to the Regions and 20-24 states; (3) Providing
guidance and consultation on techniques required to assess attainment of the
NAAQSs for PM-10, revising ambient networks and sampling frequencies, applying
models for SIP analyses and developing and applying emission factors to the PM-
10 SIP inventories; and (4) To broadly support Regional Office and state efforts
relating to future ozone and CO SIP revisions including the review of ambient
networks, the development of specialized software to summarize and display air
quality and emission data; guidance for preparing, submitting, and revising draft
emission inventories; assistance in preparing data bases and applying grid and
statistical models; and completion of the multi-year project to assess the
regional transport of ozone and precursors in the Northeast and Middle Atlantic
states.
Technical analyses to support reviews of the NAAQSs for ozone and lead will
continue. The air toxics program includes continued implementation of the
ambient monitoring strategy with oversight of the TAMS network in two cities and
analyses of ambient levels for selected toxic compounds. Guidance will be issued
to support SIP inventories for PM-10 and ozone/CO including the development of
new factors for six PM-10 source categories. Reviews of draft ozone/CO
inventories will be performed and support will be provided to Regional Offices
for deficiency correction. Guidance will be furnished to Regions and state and
2-64
-------
local agencies on applying models to provide screening estimates of air quality
for toxic pollutants. The evaluation and refinement of dispersion models
continues as does support and guidance on model application for all NAAQS
pollutants and for those pollutants under assessment for possible regulation.
Efforts to develop improved inventory methodologies and to prepare design
specifications. for the AIRS Area Source Subsystem are continuing. Emission
testing support will be provided to Headquarters offices responsible for
developing or revising emission standards and an information center will be
operated to provide technical support to state and local agencies in applying
test methods used in SIP compliance and for non-routine tests. The program is
continuing to analyze ambient and emission trends for NAAQS pollutants, prepare
various status and trends reports, and provide national oversight of SIP ambient
monitoring.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $8,373,200 supported by 81.0 total
workyears, of which $4,366,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,006,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 comprehensive user support and enhanced software was provided to
over 40 'agencies using the AIRS Air Quality System. Other significant AIRS
activities included the completion and testing of the initial software for the
Facility Subsystem, the addition of 14 states to the Air Quality Subsystem user
community, and substantial progress in documenting requirements for the new AIRS
Area Source System. Guidance was issued and workshops were held to structure
the preparation of baseline ozone and CO inventories. Software was developed
and issued to facilitate submission and quality assurance of these draft
inventories. Other major activities included: development of data bases and
simulation of base case strategies for a project to apply EPA's Regional Oxidant
Model to the Northeast and Middle Atlantic states; publication of the Air Quality
and Emissions Trend Report for 1987; providing technical support to the Regional
Offices and states on application of emission factors for PM-10 and other
pollutants; application of urban grid models for ozone to five cities; and the
initiation of a new center to provide technical support to state and local
agencies in applying emission test methods.
2-65
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement 2-66
Mobile Source Enforcement 2-71
-------
AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Stationary Source
Compliance
Salaries & Expenses $12,819.5 $13,550.5 $13,722.9 $18,617.0 $4,894.1
Abatement Control and $2,938.4 $4,405.8 $4,349.6 $6,525.7 $2,176.1
Compliance
TOTAL $15,757.9 $17,956.3 $18,072.5 $25,142.7 $7,070.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $12,819.5 $13,550.5 $13,722.9 $18,617.0 $4,894.1
Abatement Control and $2,938.4 $4,405.8 $4,349.6 $6,525.7 $2,176.1
Compliance
Stationary Source TOTAL $15,757.9 $17,956.3 $18,072.5 $25,142.7 $7,070.2
.Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 280.4 311.8 294.4 362.0 67.6
Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 280.4 311.8 294.4 362.0 67.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Stationary Source 294.2 311.8 310.6- 362.0 51.4
Compliance
TOTAL WORKYEARS 294.2 311.8 310.6 362.0 51.4
2-66
-------
AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,142,700 supported by 362.0 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $7,070,200 and 51.4 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $18,617,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,525,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $4,894,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $2,176,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,142,700 supported by 362.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $18,617,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,525,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,894,100 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $2,176,100 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 51.4 in total workyears
from 1990. The increase will help initiate implementation of the requirements
of the President's Clean Air proposal for air toxics, acid deposition, and
administrative enforcement. The increase will also help support implementation
of strategies for three National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs): benzene, radibnuclides, and asbestos demolition and renovation (D&R) ,
as well as enhancing the program for certification of woodstove production lines.
In addition, EPA will increase compliance oversight and expand rule applicability
and effectiveness efforts.
In 1991 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue their compliance
monitoring and enforcement efforts, in concert with states, to ensure compliance
with State Implementation Plan (SIP) requirements, new source performance
standards (NSPSs), and NESHAPs. The Regions will continue implementation of the
strategies for the asbestos D&R program and for benzene, as well as initiatives
to enforce the other NESHAPs. The Regions will conduct asbestos D&R inspections
and provide additional support to states in following through on their
enforcement of D&R activities. The Regions also will use additional resources
to support compliance and enforcement of the benzene NESHAPs through the conduct
of 125 inspections and initiation of five enforcement actions and of the
radionuclide NESHAPs through the inspection of 50 sources and initiation of three
enforcement actions.
The Regions will carry out an expanded rule-effectiveness program that
covers other source and pollutant categories. The Regions also will continue
to implement the compliance monitoring and inspection targeting program to ensure
better use of inspection resources. In addition, the Regions will emphasize
building state capacity through an expanded review ^nd SIP assistance program
2-67
-------
for assuring the enforceability of new requirements and targeting compliance
efforts toward significant environmental problems. The Regions will direct
resources toward implementation of a more effective program for reviewing ozone
SIPs and SIP revisions for enforceability. In addition, the Regions will review
proposed SIPs for size-specific particulate matter (PM-10) for enforceability
and will ensure compliance by sources subject to newly promulgated PM-10 SIPs.
The Regions will also continue enforcement of continuous emission monitoring
(GEM) requireme'nts for sulfur dioxide (S02) sources.
In 1991 the Headquarters enforcement program will provide national program
management through policy guidance, planning, and budgeting activities, and
through review of selected Regional activities and program performance.
Headquarters will also assure the enforceability of proposed Agency regulations
under NSPS, NESHAPs, and prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) programs;
respond to formal inquiries; manage the Compliance Data System (CDS), the
National Asbestos Registry System (NARS), and the compliance portion of the
Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS); manage the level of effort
contract for case development and other support; and conduct technical studies.
Headquarters will continue to implement the technical agenda by developing
jointly with the Regions a planned list of technical projects to be initiated
in 1991. In addition, Headquarters will provide national leadership to help
assure the successful implementation of the revised asbestos D&R strategy.
During 1991 EPA Headquarters will help increase compliance of sources of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through providing technical and training
support to the Regions and state agencies, issuing policy guidance, monitoring
compliance and enforcement activities, and overviewing the implementation of the
rule-effectiveness protocol. In addition, Headquarters will continue
implementing the laboratory program for woodstove testing, reviewing applications
for woodstove certification, monitoring certification tests, and certifying
production lines. The woodstove program will move into the second phase of
certification and enforcement. Additional resources will support implementation
of the random compliance audit program. Approximately 250 woodstove production
lines will be certified during 1991. .
In 1991 Headquarters enforcement staff will review proposed PM-10 and
ozone/carbon monoxide (CO) SIPs for national enforceability issues. Headquarters
will also evaluate the effectiveness of state and EPA compliance monitoring and
inspection programs. In addition, Headquarters will continue to promote the
use of CEM and develop national guidance for CEM requirements.
In 1991 EPA will expand Headquarters and Regional enforcement support to
the stratospheric ozone depletion program for implementing the Montreal Protocol.
The Agency will increase review of the phaseout of CFCs and halons through
monitoring compliance of manufacturers and importers. The Agency expects the
number of violators identified and enforcement actions taken to increase as a
result. Headquarters will develop and disseminate implementation guidance for
the radionuclides and benzene NESHAPs. As more regulations are implemented, the
need for consistency increases. As a result, the Agency anticipates an increase
in requests for rule applicability determinations and will develop guidance for
making such determinations. In addition, Headquarters will provide direction
and oversight of air toxics compliance and enforcement efforts resulting from
anticipated new legislative requirements, particularly in those states where
delegations of authority for both existing and prospective standards have not
2-68
-------
been requested. EPA will also ensure that compliance requirements are reflected
in all new regulations and guidance developed for the anticipated acid deposition
program. In addition, the Agency will develop guidance for implementation of
administrative enforcement requirements resulting from anticipated legislation.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $18,072,500 supported by 310.6
total workyears to this program, of which $13,722,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,349,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 the Regional air compliance program is continuing to monitor and
ensure the compliance of the 28,000 largest stationary SIP sources, the 2,600
NSPS sources, and the 1,000 nontransitory NESHAPs sources. The Regions are also
continuing implementation of the NESHAPs program for asbestos D&R addressing
approximately 5,000 contractors and 60,000 notifications.
Major 1990 activities include: continuing the initiative to enhance VOC
source compliance in ozone nonattainment areas, implementing a comprehensive
program to determine whether adopted VOC measures are being effectively
implemented, and conducting VOC compliance workshops to improve the quality of
inspections. Other activities in 1990 include ensuring that states continue to
enforce existing total suspended particulate (TSP) requirements during the
development of PM-10 SIPs and ensuring that S02 sources meet, where applicable,
CEM requirements. The Regions are continuing their efforts to help improve the
technical capabilities of state and local air pollution agencies. Federal
enforcement actions, where required, focus on violating sources in nonattainment
areas, with particular emphasis on VOC sources and toxic air pollutant sources.
EPA works closely with the states in this effort through implementation of Agency
guidance on "timely and appropriate" enforcement actions. The Agency provides
technical support to the ongoing litigation docket including criminal enforcement
activities.
In 1990 EPA Headquarters continues to provide national program management
and oversight of the Regional programs to ensure nationwide consistency and
effectiveness. The oversight includes a combination of comprehensive program
reviews and reviews of certain classes of enforcement actions. Headquarters
continues to assure the enforceability of proposed EPA regulations; manage the
CDS, including CDS activities related to the development of the new AIRS Facility
Subsystem, and the NARS; manage the level of effort contract support program;
develop technical and program guidance; and conduct planning and budgeting
activities.
In 1990 the Agency is implementing the compliance monitoring and inspection
targeting strategy, a major activity that will allow Regional Offices and state
agencies to better use their compliance resources. Headquarters is continuing
implementation of the NSPS woodstoves program, including the review of
applications for woodstoves certification, the monitoring of certification tests,
and the evaluation of test results. Headquarters is also continuing the program
to improve VOC compliance. This program includes oversight and evaluation of
the Regional and state efforts to implement enhanced VOC compliance monitoring
and inspection activities, the rule-effectiveness assessments, and the small VOC
source strategy. Also, Headquarters is developing a comprehensive training
2-69
-------
program and compliance determination guides for selected categories of VOC
sources. Work to promote use of CEM requirements, including support for Regional
and state efforts, also continues to be a major activity. The CFG phasedown
effort is in its first year with emphasis placed on stepped-up compliance and
enforcement program building.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $15,757,900, supported by 294.2
total workyears, of which $12,819,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,938,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In response to a need to improve the compliance program, EPA Headquarters,
in concert with the Regional Offices, initiated a systematic review of existing
guidance documents and source targeting procedures. As a result of this review,
the Agency initiated a series of new guidance documents which, when completed,
will enable the Regions and states to better target the most pressing
environmental compliance problems. The Agency continued its focus on sources
of toxic air pollutants, especially sources of asbestos. The Agency completed
NARS, a significant component of the revised asbestos D&R strategy. This system
allows implementing agencies to focus their enforcement efforts on companies with
a history of violating the standards. The compliance program advanced its
efforts in the area of technical assistance and training by accomplishing several
projects identified through the technical agenda process. These projects
included efforts in the areas of communications, VOCs, asbestos, and training
and workshops.
2-70
-------
AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,354.9 $5.928.0 $5,709.4 $7,879.7 $2,170.3
$2,331.1 $3,328.1 $3,272.6 $5,116.1 $1,843.5
TOTAL $7,686.0 $9,256.1 $8,982.0 $12,995.8 $4,013.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source
Enforcement
$5,354.9 $5,928.0 $5,709.4 $7,879.7 $2,170.3
$2,331.1 $3,328.1 $3,272.6 $5,116.1 $1,843.5
TOTAL $7,686.0 $9,256.1 $8,982.0 $12,995.8 $4,013.8
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
95.5 113.8 111.3 120.3
.95.5 113.8 111.3 120.3
9.0
9.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL UORKYEARS
99.9 113.8 111.3 120.3
99.9 113.8 111.3 120.3
9.0
9.0
2-71
-------
AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,995,800 supported by 120.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,879,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,116,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,170,300 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,843,500 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 9.0 total workyears.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,995,800 supported by 120.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,879,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,116,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,170,300 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,843,500 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 9.0 total workyears.
The increases reflect the additional resources needed to implement provisions
of the President's proposed Clean Air Act Amendments.
In support of the ozone control policy, the EPA recall program will
investigate 25 suspect light-duty vehicle classes and carry out related
diagnostic evaluation and remedy development work. The Agency will continue
investigations of trucks. -In addition, the Agency will continue investigations
into the operations of importers of non-conforming vehicles to ensure that
certification procedures are adequately implemented. The Selective Enforcement
Audit (SEA) program will conduct ten audits of light-duty vehicle manufacturer
facilities, five audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities, and four
production compliance audits in support of the nonconformance penalties (NCP)
program to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emissions and
NCP requirements.
The field enforcement program will consist of inspections of vehicle
fueling facilities as well as the investigation of suspected tampering and
misfueling incidents. Enforcement of Phase II of the fuel volatility rules will
involve the inspection and sampling of 10,000 refiners, importers, distributors,
and retail outlets throughout the country. These inspections are expected to
lead to the prosecution of approximately 450 violations of the volatility limits.
The fuels inspection effort will also continue the program of sampling fuels for
alcohol and other fuel additives to ensure that legal limits are not exceeded.
Lead phasedown enforcement (to ensure that refineries, importers, and
distributors are complying with the lead phasedown rules) will decrease and
involve only five audits of these fuel facilities. A total of 450 tampering
investigations will result in approximately 75 notices of violation. The Agency
will audit the incidence of tampering and fuel switching at 15 sites primarily
2-72
-------
to gauge the effectiveness of the antl-tampering programs being implemented by
state and local jurisdictions. EPA will continue to assist with the development
of state and local programs aimed at preventing tampering and fuel switching.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $8,982,000 supported by 111.3
total workyears for this program, of which $5,709,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,272,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA is continuing the recall program with the investigation of 25 suspect
light-duty classes, together with related diagnostic evaluation and remedy
development work. The Agency is also continuing the implementation of the
regulatory revisions to the imports program. The program is processing an
estimated 5,000 applications for importation of nonconforming vehicles. The SEA
program is conducting 10 audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities and five
audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities to ensure that new production
vehicles and engines meet emission requirements. Four Production Compliance
Audits will be completed. The Agency will answer approximately 1,800 consumer
inquiries on emission warranty issues. The Agency will also begin enforcement
of Phase II of the fuel volatility rules involving the inspection and sampling
of 10,000 refiners, importers, distributors, and retail outlets throughout the
country. These inspections, along with the anti-tampering and anti-fuel
switching enforcement programs, are expected to result in 500 notices of
violations. Audits of tampering and fuel switching are being carried out at 15
sites. EPA is continuing to assist with the implementation and assessment of
state and local programs aimed at preventing tampering and fuel switching.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated $7,686,000 supported by 99.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,354,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,331,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Under the recall program, EPA conducted 28 light-duty vehicle investigations
resulting in recalls affecting nearly 5,500,000 vehicles. The Agency issued two
California waivers. The SEA program conducted fourteen audits of light-duty
manufacturer facilities and seven audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities
to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emissions requirements.
The Agency responded to inquiries and applications for the importation of
nonconforming vehicles, processing 14,000 applications.
During the first season of fuel volatility enforcement, EPA inspected nearly
4,000 refineries, importers, distributors, and retail outlets over a period of
three and a half months. These inspections are expected to result in 60-75
notices of violation. The Agency continued its anti-tampering and anti-fuel
switching enforcement program. Accomplishments included the establishment of
three new programs by states and localities and the issuance of 417 notices of
violation in the tampering and fuels enforcement programs.
2-73
-------
3. WATER QUALITY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY 3-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-10
Scientific Assessment 3-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 3-15
Health Effects 3-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 3-18
Environmental Processes and Effects . . 3-19
Great Lakes 3-20
Oil Spills 3-21
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-23
Water Quality Management 3-24
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-29
Effluent Standards and Guidelines 3-31
Grants Assistance Programs 3-35
Clean Lakes Program 3-36
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-37
Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements 3-39
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-41
Wetlands Protection 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program 3-46
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-47
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-49
Spill Restoration Program 3-50
Standards and Regulations 3-51
Nonpoint Source Management Grants 3-53
Nonpoint Source Implementation 3-55
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-57
Coastal Environment Management 3-58
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-61
Municipal Source Control 3-63
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction 3-64
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 3-66
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-69
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-73
-------
WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $107,479.4 $116,565.1 $114.765.1 $127,456.4 $12,691.3
Abatement Control and $169,320.6 $222,569.7 $219,595.6 $238.881.3 $19,285.7
Compliance
Research & Development $8,540.7 $11,157.4 $10,978.8 $12,758.8 $1,780.0
TOTAL, Water Quality $285,340.7 $350,292.2 $345,339.5 $379,096.5 $33,757.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 2,012.8 2,293.0 2,135.0 2,311.8 176.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS 2,145.2 2,294.0 2,225.9 2,311.8 85.9
OUTLAYS $270,382.5 $334,643.9 $333,127.9 $358,749.0 $25,621.1
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program
at a level of $410,270.0 for 1989, $410,270.0 for 1990.
Authorization for the Clean Water Act as amended in 1987
expired on September 30, 1989. Reauthorization is pending.
3-1 and 2
-------
WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The legislative basis for EPA's water quality programs is provided in
the Clean Water Act, as amended; the Marine Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act, as amended; and the Marine Plastic Pollution Research and
Control Act of 1987. These laws direct EPA to take measures to protect the
nation's waters in order to safeguard public health, recreational uses and
aquatic life.
The Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987, which amended the Clean Water Act,
expanded and strengthened the statute through a number of changes designed to
enhance water quality and improve the well-defined partnership between EPA and
the states. The amended Act ratifies existing programs (e.g., technology-
based and water quality-based effluent limits for point source dischargers).
It also provides new tools to strengthen existing programs (e.g., mandatory
permits to control sewage sludge contamination and administrative penalties to
streamline enforcement actions) and establishes new approaches to address
existing water pollution problems (e.g., new programs for control of nonpoint
source pollution and permitting of stormwater discharges). Finally, the
amended Act provides funds to capitalize state revolving loan funds and
mandates requirements to address existing and emerging problems (e.g., surface
water toxic control programs). The WQA gives legislative recognition to three
programs which address near coastal waters problems: the National Estuary,
Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes Programs.
The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) is designed
to protect the ocean from unregulated dumping of material that would endanger
human health, public welfare, the marine environment, or economic potential.
The Act authorizes the Agency to develop criteria for ocean disposal of
industrial waste, municipal sludges and other dredged materials. EPA is
authorized to designate disposal sites and is responsible for the management
and monitoring of these sites. EPA is authorized to issue permits for all
non-dredged materials; however, the Corps of Engineers is responsible for
issuing permits for dredged material, using human health and marine impact
criteria developed by EPA.
The Ocean Dumping Ban Act, which amended the MPRSA, sets a December 1991
deadline to end ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste. EPA is
to issue dumping permits and negotiate agreements with the .dumpers that
include a schedule for the ending of ocean dumping and for implementation of
alternative disposal systems. The legislation imposes two disposal fees on
permitted dumpers: an administrative fee to cover the costs of carrying out
the Act and a punitive fee to be paid by dumpers who cannot end ocean dumping
in 1991.
The Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 implements
Annex V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships (1973) and establishes programs to identify and reduce the effects of
plastic pollution on the marine environment. Under this law, EPA was required
to submit a report to Congress on methods to reduce plastic pollution; assist
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in conducting a public
3-3
-------
education program; prepare a New York Bight Restoration Plan; and submit a
report to Congress on the problems associated with plastic debris in the New
York Bight.
Water quality programs in 1991 will continue to focus on building state
and local capacity to protect high risk, vulnerable ecosystems from pollution;
protecting the nation's surface waters from toxic and hazardous point source
discharges; preventing and controlling nonpoint sources of pollution; and
maintaining the progress made to date in cleaning up and developing the
infrastructure to protect our surface waters. EPA will provide technical and
financial assistance to states to carry out their increased base workload,
meet new requirements, and attempt to offset the reduction of construction
grant set-aside funds that have sustained a major portion of their base
program activity.
These water quality programs will enable the nation to begin addressing
emerging global issues and enhance our ability to protect critical aquatic
habitats, including wetlands and marine and estuarine environments. At the
same time, these programs will provide further improvements in enforcement
programs, promote state capacity through local cooperative initiatives and
provide incentives for developing innovative approaches and technology.
Protecting Critical Habitats
Wetlands loss has a major impact on our environment, including adverse
effects on species populations and water quality and the severity of flooding.
In 1991, EPA will implement recommendations of the Domestic Policy Council's
Wetlands Task Force. This is a high priority for the Agency in its efforts to
prevent and control pollution that poses risk to critical aquatic habitats.
To assist in attaining no net loss of wetlands, EPA will encourage states and
Indian tribes to develop wetland protection programs, improve scientific
knowledge about wetlands protection, work closely with other agencies and
apply stronger enforcement actions to deter and punish polluters who illegally
destroy these natural resources.
Another effort to reduce risk to critical aquatic habitats in coastal
and marine areas. EPA is increasing its focus on protection and restoration
of the nation's near coastal waters and the oceans. In 1991, the Agency will
continue support for the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay and Gulf of Mexico
programs, and the National Estuary Program will support 16 projects to develop
and implement management plans. Regional strategies for near coastal waters
which assess pollutant loadings and establish necessary pollution control and
pollution prevention programs to protect all coastal waters, including the
Great Lakes, will be implemented. To help states establish a strong framework
to protect and restore their coastal waters, EPA will accelerate efforts to
produce both regulatory and non-regulatory tools to address site-specific
problems. This will include development of ecologically-based salt and fresh-
water criteria appropriate for different types of aquatic resources and
development of water quality standards for pollutants of concern.
A plan to regulate currently unregulated industries and pollutants will
be published by 1990, and EPA will accelerate work to produce technology-based
standards for several new industries, selected through risk-ranking
procedures. Stormwater discharger application rules for large and medium
3-4
-------
municipalities and industrial activities will be defended and implemented.
The Agency will oversee implementation of the Ocean Dumping Ban Act and
continue work in support of oil spill restoration programs. EPA will continue
involvement with the Corps of Engineers in the designation and management of
environmentally safe dredged material disposal sites and work to reduce
illegal dumping of dredged material through improved identification procedures
and surveillance. The New York Bight Restoration Plan will be completed, and
the Agency will continue activities to identify and control plastic pollution
in marine environments.
Improving State Capacity
Water quality programs will promote state and local cooperative
initiatives and provide incentives for developing innovative and alternative
technology. Indian tribes will be encouraged to participate as full and equal
decision makers in the protection of water resources on their lands through
the provision of technical assistance. Through the National Estuary Program,
cooperation and environmental management at the Regional, state and local
level will be advanced as the Agency and its Federal partners continue to work
with state and local agencies to develop and implement management plans for
their estuary projects.
Financial assistance will be provided through cooperative agreements to
assist states with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
program approvals (and help states obtain this approval); to meet new complex
tasks such as issuing new permits for control of combined sewer overflows,
sludge and stormwater; to take enforcement action; to upgrade local
pretreatment programs; and to set new water quality standards for salt water
and wetlands. Further, the Agency is working to establish long-term viable
state revolving loan funds that can provide financial assistance for
construction of new and upgraded wastewater treatment facilities needed by
communities to comply with the Clean Water Act, and for other purposes such as
nonpoint source and ground-water protection. Wetlands implementation grants
will enable implementation of wetlands programs that leverage state
activities.
EPA will assist states in refining their risk management techniques to
more accurately reflect the impact of nonpoint source pollution on sensitive
aquatic resources and habitats and in moving toward risk-based management of
nonpoint source pollution. EPA will also assist the states in implementing
their approved nonpoint source management programs by leveraging other Federal
agencies' resources and providing states with grant funds to implement
approved elements of state nonpoint source management programs. State and
local initiatives will be supported through information clearinghouse and
educational programs to identify problems (and potential solutions) that
communities face from nonpoint source pollution, as well as wetlands pollution
and loss.
Specialized technical assistance will be offered for the pretreatment,
compliance and enforcement programs, including hands-on aid to publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) that have difficulty developing local limits for
specific categories of indirect industrial dischargers, difficulty meeting
their toxicity requirements or have no local pretreatment program- POTWs that
3-5
-------
discharge to sensitive aquatic resources at greatest risk will also be
targeted for this specialized assistance. General assistance efforts will
continue to help communities deal with the problems of sewer
infiltration/exfiltration, infrastructure and treatment and sludge reuse.
Demonstration projects continue to be extremely useful in leveraging
state and local funds, as well as local interest and support for water
quality. EPA will fund demonstration projects in the various coastal areas to
test solutions and support local management decisions in areas such as
nonpoint source pollution controls, low cost technologies for combined sewer
overflow and stormwater controls, wetlands restoration techniques, compliance
assessment projects and pollution prevention activities. These projects seek
to encourage state, local and private investment in the application of these
problem solutions in other geographic areas in the future.
Enforcing Water Quality Controls
In 1991, the water quality enforcement effort will be strengthened by
tightening controls on dischargers, improving monitoring efforts and
coordinating outreach to inform the public and regulated community of the
consequences of improper or illegal disposal of wastes or filling of wetlands.
This effort will also include taking stronger enforcement actions through the
use of administrative orders, penalties and referrals and a greater field
presence to detect and address violations. Continued compliance by POTWs will
be encouraged by giving priority to resolution of violations at POTWs that
have completed construction to meet final effluent limits and by vigorously
enforcing pretreatment requirements.
In an effort to support protection of coastal and marine environments,
permitting and enforcement activities will be targeted to achieve maximum
water quality improvement. In addition, EPA will continue to promote further
delegation of our statutorily mandated program for the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System.
Preventing Pollution
EPA will address the growing global trend towards pollution prevention
as an important means of protecting our natural resources. Efforts will
include international conferences and special projects related to industrial,
municipal and agricultural pollution prevention. The conferences augment
continuing efforts to share our industrial technology-based guidelines with
other nations through organizations such as the World Bank and the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and to become familiar
with pollution prevention techniques being successfully employed by other
nations. EPA will also expand support for international activities, generally
including the London Dumping Convention, MARPOL, the Cartagena Convention and
the Antarctic Treaty, and sponsor and participate in workshops and symposia
for the international community. Work will continue in conjunction with the
wetlands and coastal protection programs of Canada and Mexico to protect these
shared water resources, particularly where efforts coincide with bi-national
programs involving the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico.
EPA will continue to exhibit domestic environmental leadership where the
Federal role is effectively targeted to address emerging environmental
3-6
-------
problems. The Agency will use pollution prevention and control approaches
that involve both public and private capacities. In 1991, the Agency will
encourage pollution prevention in its municipal pollution control program
through technical assistance to states that will help maintain and improve
permit compliance. Likewise, water use efficiency will be promoted in order
to reduce pressure for expanding waste treatment capacities and the
construction of costly new, environmentally-damaging impoundments.
Performing Research and Development
In 1991, EPA's research program will provide increased focus on
wetlands, sediment quality and a renewed emphasis on oil spills research.
With losses of over one half of the nation's wetlands and the increased
recognition of their ecological and social value emphasized through the "no
net loss" goal, research will focus efforts on the science of wetlands
creation and restoration. This will include development of scientific
guidelines for operational decisions to achieve "no net losses" and to produce
and validate design criteria for creation and restoration of the many varying
types of wetlands.
Most chemical contaminants and organic wastes in aquatic ecosystems
eventually accumulate in the sediments where they adversely affect the water
column, accumulate in biological tissues, and enter human food chains.
Sediments have become the concern for many state and EPA regulatory activities
because of potential impacts, the long periods of time associated with natural
assimilation of many in-place pollutants and the high cost of mitigation
action. Current EPA areas requiring sediment quality assessments include
ocean disposal, NEPA reviews, Superfund, Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay and
estuary projects. Studies will be conducted to compare approaches for
developing sediment quality criteria. Comparative toxicological data bases
will be used to begin deriving contaminant-specific sediment quality criteria
and to recommend minimum test requirements for sediment quality evaluations.
Oil spill technologies have not progressed over the past decade to
incorporate scientific advances such as microbial degradation. In 1991,
research will include bioremediation research at Valdez, Alaska, designed to
evaluate the feasibility of accelerating the rate of biological degradation of
residues on Prince William Sound's shore lines. A renewed National Oil Spills
Program will focus on thermal, chemical and biological approaches to spill
prevention and clean-up, while research on the "physical" clean-up activity
will be carried out by the U.S. Coast Guard.
Consulting Services
The Agency uses consulting resources to fulfill the requirements of its
authorizing legislation, specifically in providing technical assistance to
Regions, states and local governments; collecting data and monitoring
background levels as a basis for future regulatory actions; and conducting
studies and analyses which support new programs.
3-7
-------
WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
EPA Ocean Dumping Permit Reviews
Ocean Discharge Criteria Eval .
Maj or
Minor
Construction Grants
Awards
Active Construction Grants
Proj ects
Construction Projects
Initiating Operations.
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal
Major
Sludge Requirements
Minor
Non-Municipal
Maj or
Minor
General
Adjudicatory Hearings
Settled
Enforcement Actions :
Inspections
Admin. Orders (AOs)
AOs with Penalties
Civil Litigation
Criminal Litigation
Clean Lakes Projects/Studies/
Assessments
Final Water Quality Criteria
Actual
1989
25
12
402
6,095
662
168
168
316
250
631
0
21
2,512
654
220
82
21
98
1
Current
Estimate
1990
25
23
0
339
5,474
438
265
265
0
285
0
5
100
1,900
567
246
59
16
100
7
Estimate
1991
25
23
41
89
4,800
425
285
285
0
265
0
5
100
1,900
474
298
71
20
0
5
Increase +
Decrease -
1991 vs.
1990
--
+41
-250
-674
-13
+20
+20
-20
-93
+52
+12
+4
-100
-2
3-8
-------
WATER QUALITY
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1989 1990 1991
Increase +
Decrease -
1991 vs.
1990
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Operational SRF Programs
Effluent Guidelines
Regulations/Support Documents
for Sludge Reuse/Disposal...
NPDES State Program Approvals
National Estuary Projects....
43
51
6
39
12
50
51
6
40
16
50
54
6
40
16
3-9
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research 3-10
Scientific Assessment . 3-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 3-15
Health Effects . , 3-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 3-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 3-19
Great Lakes 3-20
Oil Spills 3-21
-------
ACTUAL
1989
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Water
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Great Lakes Research -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Oil Spills
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$223.9
$308.2
$532.1
$3.018.5
$929.0
$3,947.5
$559.4
$559.4
$2.146.3
$3,213.8
$5,360.1
$9,142.8
$2,689.0
$11,831.8
$482.5
$1,400.7
$1,883.2
$15,573.4
$8,540.7
$300.4
$311.8
$612.2
$3,331.4
$990.8
$4,322.2
$604.7
$604.7
$2,519.0
$3,428.5
$5,947.5
$8,989.5
$3,967.4
$12,956.9
$738.7
$1,474.4
$2,213.1
$478.9
$984.5
$1,463.4
$16,962.6
$11,157.4
$396.4
S304.3
$700.7
$3,294.3
$919.8
$4,214.1
$506.1
$506.1
$2,402.2
$3,335.1
$5,737.3
$8,645.6
$4,008.0
$12,653.6
$480.0
$1,437.6
$1,917.6
$974.0
$974.0
$15,724.6
$10,978.8
$455.0
$312.5
$767.5
$3,395.4
$995.9
$4,391.3
$362.4
$362.4
$2,476.4
$3,525.6
$6,002.0
$8,937.0
$4,445.1
$13,382.1
$480.0
$1,479.7
$1,959.7
$2,000.0
$2,000.0
$16,106.2
$12,758.8
$58.6
$8.2
$66.8
$101.1
$76.1
$177.2
-$143.7
-$143.7
$74.2
$190.5
$264.7
$291.4
$437.1
$728.5
$42.1
$42.1
$1,026.0
$1,026.0
$381.6
$1,780.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Water Quality Research TOTAL $24,114.1 $28,120.0 $26,703.4 $28,865.0 $2,161.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
3.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
0.0
3-10
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
Great Lakes Research -
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
48.6 54.4 51.4 52.4
8.3 9.1 8.7 4.7
33.8 37.3 35.3 36.7
144.5 152.2 144.4 152.2
5.2
13.0
8.0
8.0
243.4 280.0 252.8 259.0
1.0
-4.0
1.4
7.8
0.0
6.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Water
Great Lakes Research -
Water
TOTAL WORKYEARS
4.5
54.6
9.1
34.5
7.2
5.0
54.4
13.0
5.0
51.4
9.1 8.7
37.3 35.3
8.0
5.0
52.4
4.7
36.7
158.1 152.2 144.4 152.2
8.0
268.0 280.0 252.8 259.0
0.0
1.0
-4.0
1.4
7.8
0.0
6.2
3-11
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based
Approach to Pollution Control
1991: o Revise ambient water quality criteria as necessary (Scientific
Assessment)
o Provide recommendations on appropriate indication of ecological
status and trends for development of National and Regional
Biocriteria (Monitoring)
o Develop scientific data on predicting effects of disturbance of water
quality functions on wetlands. (Environmental Processes)
1990:o Prepare seven (7) new health advisories and respond to comments on
65 ambient water quality criteria addenda revisions (Scientific
Assessment)
o Evaluate monitoring techniques and a generic approach to measure-
ments of toxic compounds (Monitoring)
o Report on validation of water quality criteria for Selenium
(Environmental Processes)
o Report on water quality functions of wetlands (Environmental
Processes)
1989: o Finalized 65 water quality addenda for water criteria documents
(Scientific Assessment)
o Finalized 19 health advisories (Scientific Assessment)
o Evaluated and standardized methodology for
quantification of human pathogens (Monitoring)
o Report on developing sediment quality criteria from existing water
quality criteria (Environmental Processes)
Develop Scientific Data to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs
Report on the application of wasteload allocation models to multiple
discharge sources into estuaries (Environmental Processes)
o Report on dredge material assessment techniques (Environmental
Processes)
1990: o Report of methods development, standardization and evaluation of
toxicity tests for marine, estuarine and freshwater organisms
(Monitoring)
o Verify models used in 301(h) to define the zone of initial dilution
and water quality parameters (Environmental Processes)
o Report on the characterization of complex mixtures using a biomarker
approach (Environmental Processes)
Objective 2:
1991: o
3-12
-------
1989: o Develop methods for solid phase bioaccumulation tests (Environmental
Processes)
o Report on the effects on marine ecosystems from industrial con-
taminants in sewage effluent on marine ecosystems (Environmental
Processes)
o Report on methods for predicting biological impacts of in-place
pollutants in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels
(Environmental Processes)
Objective 3: Evaluate of New Technologies. Infrastructure Protection.
Combined Sewer Overflow. Sludge Management Alternatives and
Toxicitv Reduction Methods and Technology
1991: o Develop risk assessment methods for surface disposal to
develop criteria. Investigate methods to incorporate
those individuals highly exposed into assessments (Scientific
Assessment)
o Develop guidance manual for EPA and State use in
evaluation/certification of toxicity testing laboratories
(Monitoring)
o Report on survival, viability and detection of pathogenic
protozoa in sludge (Monitoring)
o Compare fish bioassay with conventional toxicity testing
(Health)
o Develop data base on the kinetics of removal of specific
toxics by sorption, volatilization, and biodegradation (Engineering)
o Provide assessment of toxicants in storm water runoff (Engineering)
1990: o Finalize risk assessments for surface impoundment methodology
(Scientific Assessment)
o Maintain discharge monitoring report as support for the
quality assurance program (Monitoring)
o Report on the fate of toxic organics during sludge treatment
(Engineering)
o Report on pilot-scale treatability studies on the
pesticides manufacturing wastewater (Engineering)
1989 : o Drafted pathogen land application methodology (Scientific Assessment)
o Standardized methodology for collection, identification, and
enumeration of human pathogenic organisms in sludge and soil to
monitor the safety of direct land-application of wastewater and/or
sludge (Monitoring)
o Report on effectiveness of available methodology for reducing toxic
metals and organic from incineration emissions (Engineering)
3-13
/,
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,865,000 supported by 259.0 total
workyears for 1991, increases of $2,161,600 and 6.2 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $16,106,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $12,758,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an
increase of $381,600 and of $1,780,000, respectively.
Program Objectives
The Water Quality research program provides the scientific and technical
data to States and the EPA's Office of Water in implementing the Clean Water Act
(CWA), the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act and the Plastics
Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987.
Objective 1: Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach
to Pollution Control. This research provides the scientific base to help States
develop water quality standards, to conduct use-attainability analyses and to
provide needed information to implement the Agencies water quality based pollution
control program.
Objective 2: Develop Scientific Data to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal. Estuarine. Great Lakes and Oil Spills Programs. This research provides
the scientific base needed by EPA for evaluating impacts of ocean disposal
practices, understanding the Great Lakes ecosystems, developing responsive and
scientifically valid estuarine and coastal waters programs and establishing
national oils spills research efforts focusing on thermal, chemical and biological
remediation.
Objective 3: Evaluate New Technologies. Infrastructure Protection.
Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflow. Sludge Management Alternatives and
Toxicity Reduction Methods. The wastewater research program provides the
technical information, engineering and monitoring assistance needed by EPA,
municipalities, and industry for the development and implementation of
regulations, guidance for disposal of sludge, and control of pollution from
municipal treatment plants to bring plants into compliance with state discharge
permits, and to support the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES).
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $767,500 supported by 5.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $455,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $312,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $58,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
an increase of $8,200 in the Research and Development appropriation, and no
3-14
-------
change in workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a general enhancement of the in-house research program. The increase
in the Research and Development appropriation reflects a general enhancement of
in-house support for the scientific assessment program.
Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control. This activity, in support of Post-Best Available Technology
(BAT) requirements, will continue to provide support to the Agency and the States
for updating, modification, and implementation of health criteria for ambient
water quality. This activity also develops health advisories in support of
effluent regulations for toxics and provides technical support to the Regions and
States on risk assessments and the theories behind them.
Evaluate New Technologies. Infrastructure Protection. Stormwater and
Combined Sewer Overflow. Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicitv Reduction
Methods. The Clean Water Act (CWA) Amendments require the Agency to identify
and regulate toxic pollutants in sludge. This program will provide technical
support in the development and implementation of these regulations including the
development of criteria for the assessment of hazard and risk from exposure to
pathogens in sludge and surface impoundments methodology for disposed of municipal
sludge.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $700,700 supported by 5.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $396,AGO is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $304,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research efforts as in 1991 are: providing support to the Agency and
States on health criteria for water quality; developing health advisories in
support of effluent regulations; providing technical support for risk assessments;
and theory; to the Regions and States; and developing criteria for assessment of
hazard and risk from pathogens in sludge, and methodology for disposal of
municipal sludge in surface impoundments.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $532,100 supported by total of A. 5
workyears for this program, of which $223,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $308,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The program revised 65 ambient water quality documents and completed 19
health advisories, provided technical support to eight regions and numerous States
on criteria, completed a draft pathogen land application methodology for use in
risk assessments and initiated a methodology for addressing risk from surface
sludge impoundments.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,391,300 supported by 52.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,395,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
3-15
-------
appropriation and $995,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $101,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $76,100 in the Research and Development appropriation and 1.0
workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a
general enhancement of in-house support for the monitoring program while the
increase in Research and Development represents support for the Administrator's
pollution prevention initiatives.
Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control. The CWA Amendments place emphasis on the development of
methods to measure and monitor water quality. In support of this activity,
research will develop and standardize methods and provide field tested protocols
to assess ambient water quality. In addition, the program will evaluate
biological and microbial monitoring techniques and promulgate standardize tests
to measure chronic toxicity.
Develop Scientific Data to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean Disposal.
Estuarine. Great Lakes and Oil Spills Programs. This research will be continue
to support Regional needs for methods standardization, support for the National
Estuarine Program and other marine and estuarine monitoring and management
programs. Research in marine chemical methods will be conducted consistent with
the Agency's highest priority needs. Research will continue on methods to
determine the microbial quality in marine systems including the standardization
of methods to distinguish human and animal fecal contamination and the development
of protocols for monitoring coastal waters, viruses in shellfish, and bacteria
associated with fish diseases.
Evaluate New Technologies. Infrastructure Protection. Stormwater and Combined
Sewer Overflow. Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods.
This research will conduct semi-annual performance evaluation studies to review
and revise the Agency's Quality Assurance support. Performance criteria will be
developed for NPDES permit analysis, and investigation of analytical method
deficiencies, identified by NPDES permitters, will be continued.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,214,100 supported by 51.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,294,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $919,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
This research program is evaluating chemical monitoring methods and
protocols to measure site-specific aspects of water quality. This research
provides cost-effective monitoring methods for the measurement of chemical and
biological parameters required in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Program and in the assessment of fresh water quality and
quantification of contaminants in sediments and sludge. Research will also adapt
fresh water methods on analysis of marine water quality.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,947,500 supported by 54.6 total
workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in water quality, of
3-16
-------
which $3,018,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $929,000
was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the Clean Water Act and the Marine Protection Research and
Sanctuaries Act, standardized methodology for the collection, identification, and
enumeration of human pathogenic organisms in sludge and soil were developed to
monitor the safety of direct land-application of wastewater or sludge. Inter-
laboratory comparisons were performed to assess the performance of chemical and
biological methods for the analysis of contaminants regulated under NPDES . A
repository of toxic standards and calibration samples was maintained.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $362,400 supported by 4.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $362,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no dollars for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an decrease of $143,700 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and a decrease of 4.0 total workyears. The decrease in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflects the reduction in workyears off-set by a general enhancement
of in-house support for health effects program. The decrease in workyears reflect
a general realignment of agency priorities.
Evaluate New Technologies. Infrastructure Protection. Stormwntpr and
Combined Sewer Overflow. Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction
Methods . Health evaluations on specific chemicals and chemical mixtures
identified in municipal sludge and waste water effluents will be initiated using
in-vitro bioassays to support the development and defense of sludge disposal
criteria.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $506,100 supported by 8 . 7 total
workyears for this program, of which $506,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no dollars from the Research and Development appropriation.
This in-house research program is examining the relationship between in-
vitro toxicity testing used to estimate health effects and ecosystem tumor tests.
This research will continue to strengthen the data base necessary to support risk
evaluation.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $559,400 supported by 9 . 1 total
workyears for this program, of which $559,400 was from the Salaried and Expenses
appropriation and no dollars from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research activities were directed toward assessing and modifying bioassay
methods used to assess the toxicity of municipal sludge and wastewater effluent.
These assays were evaluated for their ability to characterize the toxicity for
treatability and to identify toxicants causing the toxicity.
3-17
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,002,000 supported by 36.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,476,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,525,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $74,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase in of $190,500 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and an increase of 1.4 workyears. The increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement of in-house support for the
engineering research program. The increase in the Research and Development
appropriation reflect support for the Administrator's pollution prevention
initiatives. The increase in workyears reflects additional support for small
community needs.
Evaluate New Wastewater Technologies. Infrastructure Protection. Stormwater
and Combined Sewer Overflow. Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction
Methods. New conveyance and treatment technologies with promise of improved
economies or effectiveness will be evaluated and the results provided to States,
municipalities, and design professionals. Technical investigations will be
conducted on the infrastructure of Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) and
the results will be provided to the municipalities to help realize full value
of these investments and properly operate and maintain the facilities. Technical
assistance will be provided and research conducted to support the Agency's storm
and combined sewer overflow program mandated by the Clean Water Act. Research
and technical assistance will be continued to support sludge regulation
implementation and updating. Toxics treatability and toxicity reduction
evaluations for the pulp and paper industry will be initiated.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,737,300 supported by 35.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,402,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,335,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
New wastewater technologies are being evaluated to determine and promote
more cost effective treatment processes. Technical support is being provided to
the Office of Water for development of sludge regulations on permit limitations
for municipal and industrial wastewater. Toxics treatability is being assessed.
Toxicity reduction valuation procedures and removal capabilities are being
developed for various treatment processes. Technical support is being provided
to municipalities to upgrade existing plant capabilities to achieve compliance
while minimizing costs. Research is being initiated to evaluate the cost
effectiveness and efficiency of different treatment as a options. The development
of a pesticide treatability data base is being initiated.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,360,100 supported by 34.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,146,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,213,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
3-18
-------
Major accomplishments included technology evaluations on selected high
potential Innovative/Alternative candidates, technical support and engineering
assistance provided to the EPA regulatory offices, Regions, States and
municipalities for the development and implementation of sludge regulation and
permit requirements rules.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,382,100 supported by 152.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,937,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,445,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $291,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $437,100 in the Research and
Development appropriation. Total workyears will increase by 7.8 workyears. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of in-house support for the processes and effects research program, while the
increases in the Research and Development appropriation and total workyears
reflects additional research on emerging issues such as sediment quality and
implementation of the Agency's "No Net Loss" protection policy for wetlands.
Develop Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control. As a follow-up to the Post-Best Available Technology (BAT)
requirements of the CWA Amendments, this research will develop methods to
determine both water quality criteria and sediment quality criteria for use in
the water quality based approach to permitting. This approach integrates
pollutant-specific control methods with toxicity testing procedures and BAT limits
for permitting. Research will also strengthen the scientific and technical data
base and methodologies to assess water quality functions of wetlands, to assess
individual and cumulative impacts of wetland conversions, and evaluate means of
mitigating wetland impacts. Increased emphasis will be given to research on
sediment quality. The data from these studies will assist the States in
developing individual strategies for controlling toxic pollutants and implementing
"No Net Loss" protection policies for wetlands.
Develop Scientific Data to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean Disposal.
Estuarine. Great Lakes, and Oil Spill Programs. This research will develop
procedures to assess impacts on oceans from disposal of wastes in coastal waters.
These procedures will determine the relative safety of ocean disposal and compare
alternative disposal strategies. Research will also be conducted to support the
Agency's strategy to reduce pollution in near coastal waters. The research
program will focus on recovery of coastal ecosystems, development of biomarker
assessment methods, coastal eutrophication problems and development of wasteload
allocation models for estuarine and coastal waters.
Evaluate New Technologies. Infrastructure Protection. Stormwater and
Combined Sewer Overflow. Sludge Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction
Methods. Research will continue to maintain and update the existing library of
gas chromatograph/ mass spectroscopy tapes and develop new analytical data bases
of toxic pollutants found in industrial wastewater. The data bases will provide
3-19
-------
the information on wastewater treatment technology needed to support the NPDES
program. Research on ecological fate and effects issues associated with wetlands
constructed for wastewater treatment will continue.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,653,600 supported by 144.4
total workyears for this program, of which $8,645,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,008,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research is being conducted to develop methods to integrate whole effluent
testing procedures with chemical specific control technology. Research continues
on methods to assess: water quality functions and ecological impacts associated
with wetlands; the cumulative loss of wetlands; and mitigation of impacts on
wetlands. Research on methods to better assess the impacts of ocean disposal
activities is being conducted. These procedures will be used in risk assessments.
Estuarine and near coastal waters research is focused on questions of ecosystem
recovery, eutrophication, wasteload allocation and biomarkers as assessment
techniques in coastal waters.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $11,831,800 supported by 158.1
total workyears for this program, of which $9,142,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,689,000 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Major accomplishments include the development of aquatic life water quality
criteria documents, water quality advisories, a report on the ecological effects
of nutrients verses contaminants from Publicly-Owned Treatment Works, a report
on the ecological effects of industrial contaminants in sewage effluent on the
marine ecosystem, and a report on equilibrium partitioning in sediments useful
in the development of sediment quality criteria.
GREAT LAKES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,959,700 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which. $480,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,479,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents no change in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $42,100 in the Research and Development
appropriation and, no change in total workyears.
Develop Scientific Data to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean Disposal.
Estuarine. Great Lakes and Oil Spills Programs. Research will develop and test
methods to determine the sources, 'movement and effects of toxic substances in
the Great Lakes. Emphasis will be given to research on in-place pollutants and
mass balance studies. This program will also provide the Great Lakes National
3-20
-------
Program Office, EPA Regions II, III and V the Great Lakes states, and the
International Joint Commission (under the US/Canada Water Quality Agreement) with
technical support and research data.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,917,600 supported by 8.0
total workyears for this program, of which $480,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,437,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The research is focusing on the impact and fate of toxic materials in areas
of concern identified by the Great Lakes National Program and the International
Joint Commission. Emphasis is on in-place pollutants, chemical mass balance
research, and evaluation of the effectiveness of confined disposal facilities for
dredged material.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,883,200 supported by 7.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $482,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,400,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Among the many accomplishments of the Great Lakes Research program were:
a report on methods for predicting biological impacts of in place pollutants in
the upper Great Lakes connecting channels, a report on methods for predicting
probability distribution of exposure for toxic substances in fresh water
ecosystems, and technical assistance provided to the Great Lakes National Program
Office, the Regions, International Joint Commission, and the cooperating
Universities.
OIL SPILLS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,000,000 supported by no workyenrs for
this program, of which no resources will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,000,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents no change in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $1,026,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and no change in the total workyears.
Develop Scientific Data to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean Disposal.
.Estuarine. Great Lakes and.Oil Spills Programs. Oil spills technologies have not
progressed over the past decade to incorporate scientific advances, such as
microbial degradation. Research will continue to support bioremediation advances
being studied at Prince William Sound, and will initiate a renewed National Oil
Spills Program in which EPA will focus on thermal, chemical, and biological
approaches to prevent and clean-up oil spills. Research on the "physical" clean-
up of oil spills will be the responsibility of the U.S. Coast Guard.
3-21
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $974,0000 for this program,
of which none is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $974,000 is from
the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the clean-up of Prince William Sound, Agency research is
continuing to evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation as a clean-up
technology and to determine if any toxic effects are occurring. The Agency is
negotiating to continue the existing Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA)
Cooperative Agreement with Exxon to help support this activity.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Office of Research and Development obligated a total of
$1,646,300 for the Prince William Sound emergency. In addition, $1,601,000
provided by Exxon through a FTTA Cooperative Agreement, were obligated.
In response to the oil spill in Alaska's Prince William Sound the Agency
conducted on-site pilot research on bioremediation as an approach to clean-up of
oil spills. Early results prompted Exxon to use bioremediation technology on many
tidal beaches as one of its approaches to remediation of the oil spills.
3-22
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management 3-23
Water Quality Management 3-24
Great Lakes Program 3-26
Chesapeake Bay Program 3-29
Effluent Standards and Guidelines 3-31
Grants Assistance Programs 3-35
Clean Lakes Program 3-36
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) 3-37
Water Quality Management Cooperative Agreements 3-39
Water Quality Strategies Implementation 3-41
Wetlands Protection 3-43
Wetlands Implementation Program 3-46
Ocean Disposal Permits 3-47
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention 3-49
Spill Restoration Program 3-50
Standards and Regulations 3-51
Nonpoint Source Management Grants 3-53
Nonpoint Source Implementation 3-55
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-57
Coastal Environment Management ... 3-58
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis 3-61
Municipal Source Control 3-63
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction 3-64
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance 3-66
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Great Lakes Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Chesapeake Bay Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,089.9 $5.146.9 $5,422.3 $6,730.0 $1,307.7
$1,417.6 $1,735.2 $2,174.8 $2,322.0 $147.2
TOTAL $6,507.5 $6,882.1 $7,597.1 $9,052.0 $1,454.9
$2,259.7 $2,901.9 $2,961.6 $3,214.3 $252.7
$7,596.1 $10,260.2 $10,129.3 $9,023.7 -$1,105.6
TOTAL $9,855.8 $13,162.1 $13,090.9 $12,238.0 -$852.9
$1,509.5 $1,245.3 $1,241.2 $1,486.4 $245.2
$10,956.3 $11,585.2 $11,421.4 $10,698.8 -$722.6
TOTAL $12,465.8 $12,830.5 $12,662.6 $12,185.2 -$477.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality And
Grants Program
Management
$8,859.1 $9,294.1 $9,625.1 $11,430.7 $1,805.6
$19,970.0 $23,580.6 $23,725.5 $22,044.5 -$1,681.0
TOTAL $28,829.1 $32,874.7 $33,350.6 $33,475.2
$124.6
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
93.1
27.5
16.5
137.1
98.6
30.8
17.1
146.5
105.7
44.4
10.0
160.1
105.7
45.4
10.0
161.1
104.8
30.8
9.5
145.1
108.7
35.4
10.0
154.1
122.7
45.4
12.0
180.1
122.7
45.4
12.0
180.1
17.9
14.6
2.5
35.0
14.0
10.0
2.0
26.0
3-23
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,475,200 supported by 180.1 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $124,600 and an increase of 26.0 total
workyears from 1990. Of the request, $11,430,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $22,044,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance, appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,805,600 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $1,681,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,052,000 supported by 122.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,730,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,322,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,307,700 in Salaries
and Expenses, an increase of 14.0 workyears, and an increase of $147,200 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increases will support expanded efforts'
in the nonpoint source (NFS) pollution prevention and control program.
By 1991, EPA will have approved, disapproved or partially approved all
state Section 319 NFS assessments and management programs. EPA will develop
assessments where states fail to do so or where state assessments are disap-
proved, and states will implement approved elements of their NFS management
programs. To support state implementation efforts, EPA will award grants to
states to implement approved NFS management programs. EPA will also prepare
technical NFS guidance documents, develop protocols to evaluate the effectiveness
of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and document environmental results, and
provide limited consultation to the states. The Agency will also leverage other
Federal agencies' authorities and resources to help states implement NFS
pollution prevention and control measures, and continue limited outreach to
educate the public and build grass-roots support for NFS initiatives and
innovative financing solutions.
Headquarters will help states use risk-based approaches to address impacts
of NFS pollution on sensitive aquatic resources and habitat by refining risk
assessment techniques to accurately account for NFS impacts, training Regions
and states on use of risk assessment and management techniques and developing
analytic methodologies and models for NFS pollution. Headquarters will also
support Regional/state implementation of the agricultural elements of approved
state NFS management programs by (1) developing improved techniques to evaluate
state BMPs; (2) developing technical guidance on grazing BMPs; (3) sponsoring
training on effectively coordinating the NFS program with other initiatives to
prevent contamination of surface and ground water by agricultural chemicals; and
(4) conducting a multi-agency technology transfer campaign on management of
agricultural chemicals and nutrients by land owners. Headquarters and Regions
3-24
-------
will continue to coordinate Agency NFS activities with USDA's water quality
initiative, taking advantage of USDA's extensive delivery system. Headquarters
will assist Regions V, VII and X as they implement a special agricultural
pollution prevention initiative (agricultural chemical management).
The Regions will provide direction and technical support to help states
implement geographically-targeted agricultural NFS management programs,
emphasizing prevention and control activities in specific watersheds at highest
risk. Regions will also provide technical support to help states adopt risk-
based management approaches to NFS pollution control, with special emphasis on
estuaries, near coastal waters and wetlands at highest risk. Regions will assist
states in: (1) using analytic methodologies to calculate load allocations; (2)
designing and implementing prevention and control programs for urban runoff not
regulated by stormwater permits; and (3) using the antidegradation provisions
of state water quality standards to prevent NFS pollution in high quality waters.
Headquarters will oversee Regional efforts to manage funds to states
through new cooperative agreements under Section 104(b)(3) and allocate Section
106 grant funds to states and qualified Indian tribes, with emphasis on building
strong Indian tribal institutions fully capable of managing EPA grants.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,597,100 supported by 108.7
total workyears for this program, of which $5,422,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,174,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA approved 51 state Section 319 NFS assessment reports and is reviewing
and approving all or portions of state management programs. EPA is working with
states to upgrade and implement these programs by providing technical support,
guidance and oversight. EPA is implementing its five year action plan to guide
national nonpoint source activities to help states and local governments overcome
barriers to successful implementation of NFS prevention and control measures.
A final EPA report to Congress is being prepared summarizing the states' progress
in implementing Section 319 requirements and recommending needed programmatic
changes. Headquarters is also providing guidance on basic grants management
functions for grants to states under Section 106 and Section 205, and evaluating
the performance of selected Indian tribes' water quality programs.
The Regions continue to negotiate state work programs and manage grant
funds under Sections 106 and 205(j)(5) to 203 state/interstate/regional
organizations and qualified Indian tribes, ensuring that funds are used
effectively and targeted carefully to meet critical water quality needs. To
accomplish this, the Regions are issuing guidance and funding targets for
specific priority activities, providing technical and management assistance,
tracking and evaluating grantee performance and assuring that states meet their
level-of-effort requirements.
The Agency is providing management oversight to 150 existing Clean Lake
projects. EPA is also reviewing and approving state lake water quality
assessments, preparing reports to Congress on the status of lake water quality
and progress achieved under the Section 314(d) Demonstration Program, providing
3-25
-------
a technical supplement to the Lake and Reservoir Restoration guidance manual and
continuing efforts to validate various restoration methodologies.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $6,507,500 supported by 98.6
total workyears for this program, of which $5,089,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,417,600 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters and the Regions initiated review, revision and approval of
state NFS assessment reports and management programs and prepared an annual
report to Congress summarizing the states' progress. Approximately 10 workshops
and 10 consultations were provided to states on proven technologies for the
design and implementation of watershed-level control systems. Regions negotiated
and managed work programs for Section 205(j)(5) grants to 57 states and
territories to complete development and begin implementation of NFS management
programs. Program audits were conducted by Headquarters to assure national
consistency.
Headquarters allocated Section 106 grant funds to Regions, states and
qualified Indian tribes, provided guidance on basic program issues, conducted
evaluations of Regional programs and evaluated the performance of selected Indian
tribes. Regions continued to negotiate, award and manage Sections 106 and
205(j)(l) grant funds to 203 states, interstate organizations, regional
organizations and qualified Indian tribes.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,238,000 supported by 45.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,214,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,023,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $252,700 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $1,105,600 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 10.0 in total workyears. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses supports the increase in total workyears. The
decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects completion of major
components of the Green Bay Mass Balance study and of the refitting of the
research vessel, MARSEA 14. The increase in workyears reflects increased support
for the state/local development and implementation of Remedial Action Plans (RAP)
and the development of the Lakewide Management Plans (LAMP), as required in the
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) with Canada.
Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and GLWQA, the Great Lakes National Program
Office (GLNPO) will continue to provide technical and management support for
pollution prevention and control activities to protect critical habitats, surface
water and ground-water. GLNPO and Regional technical support will be expanded
for state/local development and implementation of RAPs for 30 United States Areas
of Concern (AOC) identified by the International Joint Commission (IJC). In
1991, 27 of the 30 plans will be completed. In coordination with GLNPO, Regions
II ai'.d V will continue to develop the LAMPs for Lake Ontario and Lake Michigan
3-26
-------
to address the problems of critical toxics, and will begin, with Region III, the
work on the LAMP for Lake Erie.
GLNPO's Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) program
will continue with pilot field demonstrations of promising technologies to abate
contaminated sediment problems at several locations. Among the possible sites
are Saginaw Bay, Sheboygan Harbor, Grand Calumet River, Ashtabula River, and
Buffalo River. The ARCS projects, which will be allocated 40 percent of the
program's funding, will support RAP implementation by determining feasible
technologies for abatement of the contaminated sediment problems identified in
most of the AOCs. The Agency's replacement research vessel, MARSEA 14, will be
operational, and outfitting of the ship with laboratory modules for toxics
monitoring needs will be completed. The Green Bay Mass Balance study will be
completed, including a joint study with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) on the Green Bay hydrology and sediment flux.
GLNPO will continue to coordinate with and provide oversight for Regions
II, III, and V on water quality standards and on technical matters in the
development and review of permits and permit compliance related to GLWQA
requirements. Great Lakes monitoring and source assessment activities will
continue through annual programs for conventional and toxic pollutants, for
collection, analyses, and reporting on both open lake migratory and near shore
non-migratory fish, and for collection of precipitation samples through the
Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposition (GLAD) network for the analyses of metals,
nutrients, and organic toxics. Surveillance activities will include continued
open lake limnology and biological sampling, and continued air monitoring through
the GLAD network. These analyses will be used to determine metals and nutrient
loadings to the Great Lakes as a basis for the design and operation of pollution
abatement programs.
GLNPO will continue development of the program's annual progress reports
to Congress on implementation of the United States commitments under GLWQA. The
program office will continue to convene and participate in bilateral United
States/Canadian committees and task forces as the United States lead on GLWQA
implementation. The program will provide technical support to EPA Headquarters
and to the Department of State on official Canadian inquiries concerning the
Great Lakes policies and programs of the United States government.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $13,090,900 supported by 35.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,961,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,129,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
GLNPO, in cooperation with Regions II and V, provides technical support
to state/local agencies to develop and begin implementation of RAPs, and 25 of
the 30 plans are expected to be complete. The initial LAMP development work by
Regions II and V, with the participation of GLNPO, begins with Lake Ontario and
Lake Michigan. The ARCS program, which is allocated 40 percent of the program's
funding, completes laboratory scale demonstrations of promising technologies and
begins the preliminary work for the pilot scale demonstrations in the field.
The technical protocols, site selection criteria, and procedures for the
demonstrations are also complete. The refitting of the MARSEA 14 to Coast Guard
's
3-27
-------
specifications is being completed, outfitting the ship with laboratory modules
for toxics monitoring begins and a Bay City home porting site is under
evaluation. The Green Bay Mass Balance study continues developing predictive
models for identification, transport, and fate of toxic substances. GLNPO begins
a joint study with NOAA on the Green Bay hydrology and sediment flux.
The program office provides continuing technical support for and tracking
of various state-level nonpoint source control programs to implement the United
States phosphorus reduction plan. Regions II and V begin implementing the
recommendations of the 1988 Nonpoint Source Reduction Plan Implementation Report
called for under Annex 3 of the GLWQA, using CWA Section 319 authority. Great
Lakes monitoring and source assessment activities continue through annual
programs for conventional and toxic pollutants. Surveillance activities include
continued open lake limnology and biological sampling, and operation of air
monitoring stations in the GLAD network. GLNPO continues work on the development
of the program's annual progress reports to Congress. Bi-national coordination
and staff level working contacts on GLWQA implementation increases. GLNPO is
to complete the negotiation of agreements, where needed, with appropriate
Federal, state, local, and tribal agencies, as specified in the CWA.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,855,800 supported by 30.8
total workyears for this program, of which $2,259,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,596,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
GLNPO provided direction and technical assistance to states in the
development of RAPs, and RAPs for 15 of the 30 United States AOCs were completed.
The preliminary field work and biological and chemical studies were completed
for the ARCS program, which was allocated 40 percent of the Great Lakes program
funding. Also, laboratory scale demonstrations of promising remedial technologies
were begun. The specifications and contract bid proposal were developed for the
overhaul and refitting of the MARSEA 14, which was acquired in December 1988.
GLNPO continued tracking nonpoint source pollution control practices and
providing technical assistance and monitoring for the Great Lakes states'
phosphorus reduction efforts, including elements of the 1986 U.S. Plan for
Phosphorus Load Reduction to Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and Saginaw Bay. Tributary
monitoring for toxic pollutants was continued. The expansion of the GLAD network
increased its analytical and research capabilities. Work continued on the Green
Bay Mass Balance study and in the area of toxic source assessment.
GLNPO continued the negotiation of agreements with appropriate Federal,
state, local, and tribal agencies, as specified in the CWA. Work continued on
the preparation of the program's annual progress reports to Congress. Specific
cooperative studies were conducted with NOAA to develop a research inventory.
GLNPO published the results of the bi-national multi-agency Upper Great Lakes
Connecting Channel study for use in developing the international RAPs for the
St. Marys, St. Clair, and Detroit Rivers.
3-28
-------
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,185,200 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,486,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,698,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $245,200 in Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $722,600 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
an increase of 2.0 in total workyears. The increases in Salaries and Expenses
and total workyears reflect increased activities related to toxics impacts on
living resources and toxics monitoring. The decrease in Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects completion of nonpoint source control project grants and of
studies required for the clean-up program for Rock Creek, a small tributary
discharging to Baltimore Harbor, and for the Patuxent River Demonstration Site
in Maryland.
Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Chesapeake Bay Agreement (CBA),
the Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office (CBLO) will continue to provide technical and
management support for pollution prevention and control activities to protect
critical habitats, surface water, and ground water. The Agency will continue
to meet its expanded responsibilities under the CBA in concert with the three
States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, the District of Columbia and the
Chesapeake Bay Commission. The CBLO will continue management of state nonpoint
source control and monitoring grants, and will provide overall program
coordination, computer services/data management, administrative and public
information support. Also, technical advisory services to the program's
Executive Council, advisory committees, and subgroups established to carry out
the terms of the CBA will be continued.
A review of the Bay monitoring program led by the CBLO will be completed.
Program participants will assist in defining nutrient loads and contribute to
reevaluation of the nutrients reduction goal and reassessment of costs. The goal
of the basinwide nutrient reduction strategy is to achieve at least a 40 percent
reduction from 1985 levels of nutrients entering the Bay's main stem by the year
2000. The CBLO and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will complete the time
varying model for use in the reevaluation of the 40 percent nutrient reduction
goal. Toxic studies, expanded monitoring data, pesticide management demonstra-
tions and use surveys, analytical capabilities surveys, toxic loading
inventories, and the continued implementation of the Basinwide Toxics Reduction
Strategy will be used to refine and redirect the Strategy and improve regulatory
efforts. The data from a CBLO pesticide survey will be analyzed and used to
support improvements in the states' pesticide management programs. The CBLO will
also develop a pesticide index and registry as a pollution prevention initiative
to assist in reducing the risk of nonpoint source pesticide pollution.
The program will work with the Agency's Narragansett laboratory to expand
toxics data to include atmospheric deposition data. Activities to ensure public
involvement in protecting and restoring living resources and water quality will
be continued. Reports, fact sheets, and media releases will also continue to
be produced. The CBLO will also continue to be a participant and contributor
to the Agency's ongoing Near Coastal Waters technology transfer activities.
3-29
-------
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $12,662,600 supported by 10.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,241,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,421,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
One of the ongoing priorities of the program is the implementation of
nonpoint source (NFS) nutrient pollution control projects for targeted drainage
subbasins through annual state implementation grants. Investigations continue
on nonpoint sources and impacts of toxics, with the concentration on sediments,
the surface microlayer, and pesticides from land drainage. The work of the CBLO
on toxics and related problems includes: development of the Toxics of Concern
List; toxicity assessments of living resource habitats, particularly shallow
nearshore habitats in cooperation with the Fish and Wildlife Service; estuarine
sediment bioassay development and validation; and research on matters relating
to ecological risk assessment, in cooperation with National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration. CBLO is also undertaking a pesticides use survey
based on the findings of the office's 1988 surface microlayer study, which showed
that pesticides are impacting the microlayer.
The program redirection continues in order to meet the CBA commitments of
the Bay states to reduce the level of nutrients in the Bay by 40 percent by the
year 2000 and to meet the 1987 CWA requirements to look into problems of toxicity
through the program's ongoing monitoring activities. Under the expanded CWA
responsibilities and CBA commitments, the CBLO continues to provide technical
and management leadership in nutrient reduction and the emerging problems of
persistent toxics in the Bay basin. The CBLO also continues efforts to control
nonpoint toxic sources, with the emphasis on continued implementation of the
toxics strategy approved in December 1988. Efforts to improve compliance of Bay
dischargers under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System continue
through implementation of the Bay Compliance Initiative. The CBLO has initiated
and in 1990 will complete two required Maryland studies -- the Rock Creek clean-
up program study and the Patuxent River Demonstration Site study for pollution
management and control.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $12,465,800 supported by 17.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,509,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,966,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The CBLO continued to work with the Bay states to implement the elements
of the CBA. This included completion of the development policies and guidelines,
a wetlands policy, a fish passage strategy, fishery management plans, and a plan
to reduce and control toxic materials entering the Bay from point and nonpoint
sources, and a plan to achieve point and nonpoint source reduction from Federal
installations that parallel the states' load reduction.
The program support for monitoring the mainstem of the Bay continued in
concert with the states' focus on monitoring the major tributaries. Continued
support was provided for public outreach activities and for maintaining and
improving the Chesapeake Bay data system.
3-30
-------
WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Effluent Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses S3,228.6 $3,513.0 S3,126.7 $3,533.0 $406.3
Abatement Control and $6,118.2 $6,042.6 $5,965.6 $9,463.6 $3,498.0
Compliance
TOTAL $9,346.8 $9,555.6 $9,092.3 $12,996.6 $3,904.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $3,228.6 $3,513.0 $3,126.7 $3,533.0 $406.3
Abatement Control and $6,118.2 $6,042.6 $5,965.6 $9,463.6 $3,498.0
Compliance
Effluent Standards & TOTAL $9,346.8 $9,555.6 $9,092.3 $12,996.6 $3,904.3
Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards & 46.2 45.7 45.7 48.7 3.0
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 46.2 45.7 45.7 48.7 3.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Effluent Standards & 48.9 45.7 45.7 48.7 3.0
Guidelines
TOTAL UORKYEARS 48.9 45.7 45.7 48.7 3.0
3-31
-------
WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards and Guidelines
BudEet Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,996,600 supported by 48.7 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $3,904,300 and an increase of 3.0 total
workyears from 1990. Of the request, $3,533,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,463,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $406,300 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $3,498,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1991 Program Request
In 1991, the Agency requests a total of $12,996,600 supported by 48.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,533,000 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $9,463,600 will be for the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $406,300 in
Salaries and Expenses, an increase of 3.0 workyears and an increase of $3,498,000
in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increases reflect a growing workload
associated with meeting the Section 304(m) requirement to promulgate effluent
guidelines for currently unregulated industries and pollutants.
The effluent standards and guidelines program will continue to develop
controls or guidance for the unregulated industries and pollutants as identified
in the Domestic Sewage Study (DSS). The Agency will propose regulations for the
offshore oil and gas industry and the pesticides manufacturing industry, publish
four draft technical guidance studies (timber, petroleum refining, waste oil
recovery and textiles), initiate development of a draft technical guidance study
for the steam electric industry and pursue development of regulations for three
other unregulated industries cited by the DSS as contributing considerable
quantities of hazardous and toxic wastes to publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) and surface waters (hazardous waste treaters (Phase II), industrial
laundries and transportation cleaning). .
As identified in the Section 304(m) notice, the Agency will continue to
develop regulations for the following industries; hazardous waste treatment,
machinery manufacturing and rebuilding, pesticides formulating/packaging,
Pharmaceuticals, coastal oil and gas, and pulp and paper. Work will continue
on a proposed regulation for the remanded portion of the organic chemicals,
plastics and synthetic fibers regulation (proposal FY 92). In addition, three
technical guidance documents for the timber, textiles, and petroleum industries
will be published. The remaining eight industrial categories, identified in
the FY 90 Section 304(m) notice, will continue to be evaluated.
Analytical methods development will continue with the Sample Control Center
providing analytical services (3,000 samples) required for regulatory
development, enforcement activities, hazardous waste programs and Superfund
activities. The Agency will also condu.-t an analytical methods conference; four
3-32
-------
comprehensive technical workshops for regional and state permit writers and POTW
operators; and an international conference, to be co-sponsored by EPA and
industry, on the application of pollution prevention practices in industrial
wastewater treatment in the pesticides industry. As part of the Agency's overall
emphasis on pollution prevention, the program will, in the process of effluent
guidelines development, fully and effectively address pollution prevention, water
conservation and cross-media impacts. Technology transfer will be expanded to
promote rapid implementation of pollution prevention concepts and techniques.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,092,300 supported by 45.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,126,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,965,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In FY 90, the Agency published the Section 304(m) notice that committed
the Agency to promulgate new or revise existing regulations for nine major
industrial categories. Schedules for the nine rulemaking actions were included
in the notice. In addition, the notice identified eleven industrial categories
the Agency would continue to study. The Agency published guidance documents or
data summaries for thirteen industrial categories including;
coastal/onshore/stripper oil and gas, drum reconditioning, hazardous waste
treatment, hospitals, industrial laundries, machinery manufacturing and
rebuilding, paint, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, solvent
recycling, transportation, and used oil reclamation and re-refining.
Analytical methods development and validation continues for the analysis
of pesticides, chemicals reported under Title III of the Superfund Amendment
Reauthorization Act, and toxic and hazardous pollutants subject to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. The Sample Control Center continues to provide
a wide diversity of analytical capability services to support effluent guidelines
development and other Agency programs, such as the Chesapeake Bay microlayer
sampling, the National Sewage Sludge Survey, biomonitoring and bioaccumulation
methods and sampling analyses, sto'rmwater survey, and toxicity reduction
evaluation studies for permitting and enforcement activities. The program is
also publishing the "List of Lists," which presents an integrated and continually
up-to-date list of Agency-wide pollutants of concern and identifies those for
which analytical methods are available.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,346,800 supported by 48.9
total workyears for this program, of which $3,228,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,118,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The effluent guidelines program continued regulations development for four
industrial categories: pesticide manufacturing, pesticide formulating/packaging,
pulp and paper manufacturing, and offshore oil and gas extraction. A Federal
Register notice of data availability was published for the coastal oil and gas
extraction subcategory, as part of the program's pre-regulation effort for that
industry. Headquarters continued to study and initiate the development of
regulations for the machinery manufacturing and rebuilding industry, hazardous
3-33
-------
waste treaters industry and Pharmaceuticals industry. Data gathering and
analysis were initiated on one previously regulated industry (onshore oil and
gas).
Headquarters also provided post-promulgation negotiation and litigation
support for placer gold mining and the nonferrous forming and manufacturing
phase II regulatory amendments, and continued support for the organic effluent
limitations published in 1987. Comprehensive technical policy workshops were
conducted covering the progress of the pesticides regulations, the effluent
limitations associated with the organic regulations, findings of analytical
studies and the DSS industries, and the oil and gas regulatory efforts.
3-34
-------
WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Clean Lakes Program
Abatement Control and $9,024.4 $8,860.8 $8,747.7 -$8,747.7
Compliance
TOTAL $9,024.4 $8,860.8 $8,747.7 -$8,747.7
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
Abatement Control and $67,472.5 $73,540.4 $72,599.1 $81,700.0 $9,100.9
Compliance
TOTAL $67,472.5 $73,540.4 $72,599.1 $81,700.0 $9,100.9
Water Quality
Management Cooperative
Agreements
Abatement Control and $16,500.0 $16,500.0
Compliance
TOTAL $16,500.0 $16,500.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $76,496.9 $82,401.2 $81,346.8 $98,200.0 $16,853.2
Compliance
Grants Assistance TOTAL $76,496.9 $82,401.2 $81,346.8 $98,200.0 $16,853.2
Programs
3-35
-------
WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $98,200,000 for 1991. All of this request
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $16,853,200 from 1990.
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests no funding for this program in 1991, which represents
a decrease of $8,747,700 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In past years, the Agency has developed and demonstrated lake restoration
techniques and assisted states in classifying lakes, identifying techniques for
restoring the levels of water quality needed to maintain or enhance uses, and
implemented cleanup and control projects. Because the Agency has provided
guidance to the states on maintaining clean lakes, it believes that the states
are now able to address lake restoration needs, along with other local
priorities, under their existing water quality management programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,747,700 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Clean Lakes program supports state-EPA cooperative agreements
under Section 314 of the Clean Water Act. The agreements are being used to
support the highest priority Phase I lake diagnostic feasibility studies, Phase
II implementation activities to restore and protect lake water quality and Phase
III post-restoration monitoring projects to enhance the scientific basis for
various lake restoration methodologies. Approximately 100 projects are being
selected based on an evaluation of the environmental and public benefits of state
Clean Lakes proposals.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,024,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Under the nationally competitive Clean Lakes Program, the Agency provided
financial assistance to conduct 40 state and 3 Indian tribal lake water quality
assessments to evaluate the status and trends in lake water quality, establish
a basis for state/tribal programs and Federal assistance needs and provide the
Agency with data to determine future program direction. Forty-five diagnostic/
feasibility studies and lake restoration and protection implementation projects
were conducted to determine causes and sources of pollution to lakes and
implement measures to restore and protect lake water quality. Three post-
restoration monitoring studies were initiated to advance the science of lake
restoration, validate methodologies and determine the longevity and effectiveness
3-36
-------
of restoration/protection measures.
Under the Demonstration Program, the Agency conducted seven projects
meeting the legislative objectives of Section 314 of the Act, and assistance
was provided consistent with the Clean Lakes Regulation (40 CFR, Part 35, subpart
H).
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)
1991 Program Request
In 1991, the Agency requests a total of $81,700,000 for this program, all
of which will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $9,100,900 from 1990 to partially offset the loss of
grant funding previously available under the construction grant set-asides.
Section 106 grants will continue to provide funding assistance for water
pollution control programs operated by 63 state, interstate and territorial
agencies and approximately 30 Indian tribes. Grantees will complete
implementation of Section 304(1) water quality-based controls for toxic
discharges in high priority waters, assess water quality conditions and trends
and conduct comprehensive monitoring (including water column, fish tissue and
sediment) to identify sites impacted by toxic pollutants and areas needing
controls on a high priority basis. Grantees will continue to administer water
quality standards programs that focus on new standards for toxic pollutants
based on EPA water quality criteria and review of standards, as required by the
statute.
States (and Indian tribes that qualify as states) will emphasize reissuance
of expiring National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits that
incorporate toxic/toxicity-based limits and will modify other permits to
incorporate new limits based on the findings from earlier analyses. Grantees
will also focus on selected, high priority permit modifications for publicly
owned treatment works (POTWs) to address pretreatment requirements. In 1991,
grantees will focus permitting, compliance and enforcement activities in waters
at highest risk, particularly in critical aquatic habitats.
States (and Indian tribes that qualify as states) will develop and
implement ground-water protection activities that move the states beyond
protection strategies to comprehensive ground-water protection programs. States
will also enhance their efforts to incorporate wellhead protection activities
and pesticide management plans into their comprehensive ground-water protection
programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $72,599,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Section 106 grants continue to provide funding assistance for water
pollution control programs operated by 63 state, interstate and territorial
agencies and approximately 30 Indian tribes. In 1990, states continue to review
water quality standards and adopt numeric and/or narrative water quality
3-37
-------
standards for toxic pollutants and toxicity, as appropriate. States are
determining whether "new" or additional waters need to be listed under Section
304(1), and are completing assessments for rivers, lakes, estuaries, wetlands
and marine waters. Monitoring and assessment data are being used to establish
priorities for needed control measures, to develop wasteload allocations for
permits and to increase sediment contamination information.
States are modifying, issuing or reissuing NPDES permits to incorporate
limits for toxic pollutants and/or toxicity in water quality-based or technology-
based permits. States are also issuing permits for combined sewer overflows and
sludge controls, where needed. States are being encouraged to assume
pretreatment program delegations, improve reporting where the state is the POTW
control authority, inspect POTWs to determine compliance status and initiate
enforcement actions against inadequate POTW implementation and/or industrial user
noncompliance.
To ensure compliance of NPDES-permitted facilities, states continue an
effective assessment, monitoring and enforcement program, focusing on controlling
toxic pollutants and protecting municipal infrastructure. Industrial enforcement
actions and NPDES and pretreatment inspections include toxicity reduction
evaluation methodologies. National Municipal Policy follow-up enforcement
actions focus on municipalities that fail to meet their construction schedules.
Ground-water protection activities are receiving a total of $10,885,485
for support of state efforts to develop comprehensive ground-water protection
programs which set priorities and integrate efforts to manage and control actual
and potential sources of contamination. As part of their programs, state water
agencies are developing hydrogeologic aspects of pesticides management plans,
which provide protection methods tailored to area-specific differences in ground-
water vulnerability. In addition, state wellhead protection (WHP) programs are
being developed as key components of state comprehensive ground-water protection
programs. In developing and implementing WHP programs, states play an active
role in protecting-a very important sub-set of their ground-water resources,
i.e., ground waters that supply drinking water to public water systems.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $67,472,500 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Section 106 grants provided funding assistance for operation of state water
pollution control programs for 63 state, interstate and territorial agencies,
and approximately 30 Indian tribes. States resolved complex use/criteria
revision and modification issues, reviewed antidegradation policies and developed
implementation methods, placing special emphasis on determining priority water
segments requiring site-specific criteria. States completed lists of waters
impaired by toxic discharges and developed individual control strategies to
comply with requirements of Section 304(1).
Expiring NPDES permits were issued/reissued by states with water quality-
based limits to control toxic pollutants and toxicity and to incorporate
biomonitoring requirements. A number of unexpired NPDES permits where Section
304(1) assessments had been completed and the need for toxic controls was
determined were also modified. States developed sludge programs and worked with
3-38
-------
EPA to incorporate sludge limits and/or impose biomonitoring requirements on some
NPDES permits for POTWs and/or other sludge handling facilities. States assisted
POTWs with approved local pretreatment programs and to develop and modify new
and revised categorical standards and local limits to control toxic/hazardous
pollutants. Audits were conducted to determine the adequacy of local
pretreatment programs.
In the NPDES enforcement program, states concluded the National Municipal
Policy effort primarily by use of judicial actions to set schedules for
facilities that missed the July 1, 1988, deadline for compliance. In
pretreatment enforcement, states ensured that industrial users complied with
categorical standards and that local control authorities complied with provisions
of their approved programs. States conducted pretreatment compliance inspections
and ensured that POTWs had adequate control mechanisms in place. They continued
to conduct both sampling and non-sampling inspections and to use penalties to
enforce Best Achievable Technology and water quality-based permit requirements
to address critical water-quality objectives.
States completed and revised their nonpoint source management programs to
reflect EPA review. States reviewed and refined their ground-water protection
strategies to determine the measures needed to protect ground-water resources,
particularly in relationship with the uses of this resource.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $16,500,000 from 1990 to support state permitting, enforcement
and water quality management activities. This funding will partially offset the
reductions in Federal grant funds available to states under the construction
grant set-asides, which no longer exist after 1990.
Section 104(b)(3) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) allows EPA to make grants
to state water pollution control agencies through cooperative agreements to
conduct and promote investigations, experiments, training exercises,
demonstrations and surveys to determine the causes, effects and extent of
pollution. It also allows EPA to institute measures to prevent, reduce and
eliminate pollution.
Although grant funds will be available to states for activities previously
funded under the set-asides, funds will be targeted to states that commit to
achieving concrete results, with the understanding that the funds will serve as
"seed money" to help states address many of the newer CWA requirements.
Cooperative agreements will be negotiated with states that have assumed
full responsibility for administering the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) and/or pretreatment programs. Funds will be made
available for specific activities related to permits, pretreatment and
enforcement. Specifically, eligible activities include upgrading NPDES
permitting and pretreatment programs to ensure consistency with current statutory
and regulatory requirements and developing and implementing new state sludge
3-39
-------
management programs. States may also finance the development of new complex
permits with requirements for combined sewer overflows, stormwater discharges,
sludge disposal, pretreatment and pollution prevention. Activities to upgrade
local pretreatment programs to ensure consistency with new regulatory
requirements for toxics and hazardous wastes and to improve compliance with
permit limits and requirements are also eligible for funding. Finally, states
may finance NPDES permit enforcement actions.
In addition, funds will be available to all states to perform activities
related to control of toxic pollutants and protection of coastal and wetland
resources. Specifically, funds will be used by states to adopt new water quality
standards based on EPA water quality criteria for toxic pollutants and on
criteria for salt water and wetlands. Funds may also be used by states to
conduct special monitoring to support water quality-based controls for toxic
pollutants and for facilities that discharge into salt waters and wetlands.
1990 Program
No funds are allocated for this program in 1990.
1989 Accomplishments
No funds were obligated for this program in 1989.
3-40
-------
PROGRAM
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Wetlands Protection
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,681.1 $5,081.0 $5,273.4 $8,434.5 $3,161.1
$3,035.7 $3,5Z9.0 $3,478.8 $5,413.0 $1,934.2
TOTAL $7,716.8 $8,610.0 $8,752.2 $13,847.5 $5,095.3
Wetlands Program
Implementation
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,230.7 $1,215.0 $5,000.0 $3,785.0
TOTAL $1,230.7 $1,215.0 $5,000.0 $3,785.0
Ocean Disposal Permits
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,400.6 $3,860.8 $3,367.4 $2,580.6 -$786.8
$5,865.7 $8,144.8 $7,999.0 $6,906.9 -$1,092.1
TOTAL $8,266.3 $12,005.6 $11,366.4 $9,487.5 -$1,878.9
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,019.2 $1,527.0 $1,763.6 $2,365.0 $601.4
$1,893.1 $1,164.7 $1,150.0 $4,682.8 $3,532.8
TOTAL $3,912.3 $2,691.7 $2,913.6 $7,047.8 $4,134.2
Spill Restoration
Program
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Standards & Regulations
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Nonpoint Source
Management Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
Nonpoint Source
Implementation
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$883.6
$883.6
$871.8
$871.8
-$871.8
-$871.8
$4,400.4 $4,783.0 $4,604.5 $5,432.1 $827.6
$3,316.5 $4,666.3 $4,132.8 $4,341.9 $209.1
TOTAL $7,716.9 $9,449.3 $8,737.3 $9,774.0 $1,036.7
TOTAL
$37,411.1 $36,933.1 $14,250.0 -$22,683.1
$37,411.1 $36,933.1 $14,250.0 -$22,683.1
$1,969.1 $1,944.1 $750.0 -$1,194.1
$1,969.1 $1,944.1 $750.0 -$1,194.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$13,501.3 $16,135.4 $15,880.7 $18,812.2 $2,931.5
$14,111.0 $58,115.7 $56,852.8 $41,344.6 -$15,508.2
3-41
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Water Quality TOTAL $27.612.3 $74,251.1 $72.733.5 $60,156.8 -$12.576.7
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Ocean Disposal Permits
Ocean Dumping Fund
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Spill Restoration
Program
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
96.4
39.7
36.5
79.3
251.9
111.6
65.1
36.8
16.0
94.7
324.2
108.4
53.3
35.0
88.6
285.3
161.6
50.3
10.0
46.8
98.0
366.7
53.2
-3.0
10.0
11.8
9.4
81.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Wetlands Protection
Ocean Disposal Permits
Ocean Dumping Fund
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Spill Restoration
Program
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL WORKYEARS
98.8
42.4
111.6
65.1
111.6
55.1
161.6
50.3
10.0
50.0
-4.8
10.0
39.8
83.6
264.6
36.8
16.0
94.7
324.2
36.8
91.7
295.2
46.8
98.0
366.7
10.0
6.3
71.5
3-42
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $60,156,800 supported by 366.7 total
workyears for 1991, a decrease of $12,576,700 and an increase of 71.5 total
workyears from 1990. Of the request, $18,812,200 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $41,344,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
.Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,931,500 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $15,508,200 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
WETLANDS PROTECTION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,847,500 supported by 161.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,434,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriations and $5,413,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance Appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,161,100 and
$1,934,200 respectively, and an increase of 50.0 workyears. The increases
reflect the Agency's support for achieving the President's goal of no net loss
of wetlands and several other major Presidential initiatives: state capacity,
enforcement, and protection of critical habitats.
The highest priority of the wetlands program will be to achieve the
President's goal of no net loss of wetlands through implementation of the
recommendations of the Domestic Policy Council Wetlands Task Force, a stronger
Section 404 program, and assisting states to develop effective wetland protection
programs. The program's field presence will be greatly strengthened by the
increased workyears in the Regional offices and the availability of increased
financial assistance to states.
During 1991, a major component of a strong Section 404 program will be the
enhanced field presence of the Agency and an increasingly cooperative working
relationship with the Army Corps of Engineers. The program will continue to
implement the memoranda of agreement (MOA) with the Corps on mitigation policy,
enforcement, and delineation of jurisdictional wetlands. EPA will be monitoring
restoration activities occurring under the mitigation MOA. Section 404
enforcement activities will be augmented by an aggressive public outreach/media
campaign to inform the public and the regulated community of the values and
functions of wetlands and the consequences of their destruction or degradation.
The program will be working with the Marine and Estuarine Protection Program to
implement the improved test methods and procedural guidance on sediment criteria
and disposal of dredged material in coastal waters. These efforts will ensure
that wetlands, rivers, lakes and coastal/marine waters will be subject to the
same standards and equal levels of protection.
Increased funding assistance will be provided for states to encourage state
program assumption and development of state comprehensive wetlands protection
3-43
-------
plans. Other state activities to promote wetlands protection will include the
use of the Section 401 water quality certification process and development of
state water quality standards for wetlands. EPA will continue to assist in the
development of local programs through the Regions and states and issuance of
information/technology transfer. Continued focus will be placed upon
anticipatory approaches to wetlands protection including advance identification.
The Agency will implement a. variety of projects aimed at protecting special
wetland ecosystems such as coastal Louisiana and western riparian wetlands.
The Agency will work with other Federal and state agencies on education
and technical assistance aimed at abating the high loss of wetlands through
agricultural uses. Since EPA has limited regulatory powers in this area, forming
partnerships with others is a key to success. EPA will disseminate new technical
tools emerging from the Agency's research efforts in 1989 and 1990 in the areas
of restoration, cumulative impact assessments, and long term monitoring of
wetlands "health." EPA will play an increasing role in international activities,
seeking opportunities to share U.S. experience and expertise with others,
especially developing countries.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,752,200 supported by 111.6
total workyears for this program, of which $5,273,400 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,478,800 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Agency continues to work with the Corps of Engineers and other
Federal agencies in issuing policies and procedures to clarify or amplify Federal
regulatory requirements of the Section 404 program. Implementation of the
enforcement and jurisdictional MOA, the administrative penalty authorities, the
EPA wetlands delineation manual, the 404(c) procedural guidance, and the
bottomland hardwood guidance is occurring. The program is issuing final
regulations so that qualified and approved Indian Tribes may administer the
Section 404 program.
The Agency is supporting the work of the Domestic Policy Council's Task
Force on Wetlands to develop a policy for implementing the President's goal of
"no net loss" of Wetlands. The Agency continues to work with other Federal
agencies on a variety of Federal wetlands protection issues including
streamlining the Section 404 regulatory process, improving Federal land
management practices, and strengthening the knowledge and science of wetlands.
In particular, EPA is participating on the Interagency Floodplain Task Force to
demonstrate the use of integrated floodplain management planning for reducing
flood losses and erosion, protecting wetlands, providing recreational
opportunities, and improving stream water quality.
Major activities in 1990 include more intensive efforts aimed at state
wetlands protection programs, the use of anticipatory approaches for wetlands
protection, and aggressive enforcement activities. State interest in wetlands
protection activities is increasing due to increased public knowledge of the
importance of wetlands and the availability of a small amount of "seed" grant
funding for pilot state programs. The Agency is holding training workshops
involving state personnel on Section 404 regulations and enforcement, the
delineation methodology, water demand management, and use of planning/negotiation
3-44
-------
techniques. The Agency is working with states as they revise their 401 water
quality certification processes to reflect wetlands values and functions.
The Agency is continuing its use of anticipatory approaches for wetlands
protection, particularly in areas where loss rates continue to be unacceptably
high and traditional program tools are not satisfactorily addressing the problem.
Enforcement activities are expanding in 1990, building upon new directions
and experience gained under a new enforcement memorandum of agreement with the
Army, new guidance on the use of administrative civil penalties, an expanding
EPA criminal enforcement program, and greater field experience. The use of
administrative penalty orders is increasing commensurate with these changes and
priorities, and with.the Agency's enhanced ability to detect violations through
remote sensing, citizen awareness, and improved interagency networks of Federal
and state field personnel.
In 1990, the program is working with the Marine and Estuarine Protection
Program to develop improved test methods and procedural guidance on sediment
criteria and disposal of dredged material in coastal waters. The criteria and
guidance should apply equally to material disposed of in wetlands, rivers, lakes
and coastal/marine waters.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $7,716,800 supported by 98.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,681,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,035,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency made major strides in streamlining the Section 404 regulatory
program during 1989. It issued MOA with the Army Corps of Engineers on
enforcement and on determination of geographic jurisdiction and Section 404(f)
exemptions. EPA, the Corps, Soil Conservation Service, and the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service also agreed upon common testing protocols in the "Federal Manual
for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands." Training for EPA's
Regions and states was held on Section 404 enforcement and the Jurisdictional
delineation methodology. During 1989, the Regional programs used public
outreach/media campaigns on their enforcement activities as very effective tools
in preventing further destruction and degradation of wetlands.
In 1989, EPA continued to place heavy emphasis upon comprehensive planning
and other anticipatory approaches to wetlands protection. A total of 58 advance
identification actions were completed, ongoing, or planned. River corridor/
floodplain management activities were tested at a number of locations.
The Agency continued to assist states as they examined the feasibility of
assuming administration of the Section 404 program or otherwise develop statewide
wetlands protection programs. EPA issued a "Handbook on Section 401
Certification" to help states use the Clean Water Act's water quality
certification process as a tool for wetlands protection. The Agency assisted
several states to assess vulnerable wetlands (cumulative impact assessments) and
develop narrative water quality standards for wetlands. New regulations were
proposed that would allow Indian tribes to assume administrative responsibility
for the Section 404 program.
3-45
-------
The Agency supported efforts by the Domestic Policy Council's Task Force
on Wetlands to develop a policy to achieve the President's goal of "no net loss"
of wetlands.
WETLANDS IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $3,785,000. The increase reflects the Agency's support for
achieving the President's goal of "no net loss" of wetlands and several other
major Presidential initiatives: state capacity, enforcement, and protection of
critical habitats.
The wetlands implementation program will provide increased grant assistance
to states and Indian tribes for research, investigations, experiments, training,
demonstrations, surveys, and studies for the protection of wetlands from
pollution under Section 104 of the Clean Water Act. One of the major avenues
to achieving the President's goal of "no net loss" of wetlands is through
increasing the roles and responsibilities of state governments and Indian tribes
in wetlands protection. Grant assistance will allow many states and Indian
tribes to acquire basic information and data on their wetlands resources, the
risks posed to these resources, examine a wide variety of techniques for
protection for these critical resources, and develop comprehensive wetlands
protection plans that may combine watershed, nonpoint source, river corridor,
estuary/coastal management and other critical habitat protection initiatives.
States will undertake aggressive public outreach/education campaigns in concert
with local government planning and protection measures.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,215,000 for this program,
all of which is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1990, grants are being made available to states and Indian tribes
under a wetlands implementation program for the first time. In 1989 and in
previous years, the Agency's wetlands protection program has provided small
amounts of "seed" money to a limited number of states and one Indian tribe to
examine the feasibility of assuming administration of the Section 404 program.
The State of Michigan is the only state that has assumed the program, which in
other states is jointly administered by the Corps of Engineers and EPA. In 1990,
examples of the ways in which states are increasing their wetlands protection
activities include: evaluation of existing statutory and regulatory programs;
development of narrative water quality standards for wetlands; incorporation of
wetlands protection in the Section 401 water quality certification process; and
identification of wetland resources, their functions, and priorities.
1989 Accomplishments
No resources were provided to this program in 1989.
3-46
-------
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $9,487,500 supported by 60.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,580,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,906,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears will include 50.3 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 10.0 will be from the Ocean Dumping Fund. This represents a
decrease of $786,800 in Salaries and Expenses, a decrease of $1,092,100 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance, a decrease of 4.8 in total Salaries and
Expenses workyears, and an increase of 10.0 total workyears from the Ocean
Dumping Fund. The decreases in Salaries and Expenses and workyears reflect the
transfer of funding for workyears provided for the Ocean Dumping Ban Act (ODBA)
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation to the Ocean Dumping Fund. The
decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the completion of the
studies needed to develop the Ocean Dumping regulation proposal. The addition
of workyears supported by ODF reflects additional Headquarters and Regional site
management, monitoring, and surveillance, and monitoring of compliance with
enforcement agreements required under ODBA.
The Agency will propose revised Ocean Dumping (OD) regulations on disposal
site designation and dredged material disposal, and will initiate a proposal for
regulations on disposal of other materials. This will include Headquarters'
support for Regional implementation of the regulations through training and
technical assistance. The Regional role in disposal site management and
monitoring will be expanded to ensure compliance and enforcement of ocean dumping
criteria and permit requirements. Headquarters will continue work to control
marine debris through identification of sources and the development of reduction
strategies. Additional support for Region II will be continued for monitoring
of nearshore waters to address the continuing problems on the New York-New Jersey
beaches. Region II will complete the final New York Bight Restoration Plan and
a draft of the New York Mud Dump Site study.
The Agency will meet the requirements of ODBA to protect the marine
environment at the 106 Mile Site (deepwater municipal sludge dump site) off the
New Jersey coast. In support of these requirements, Headquarters and Region II
will expand management, monitoring, and surveillance of the site in coordination
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S.
Coast Guard (USCG). These activities will also ensure that the remaining sludge
dumpers comply with their enforcement agreements.
The Regions will have a more intensive role in the development of
environmental impact statements (EIS) for ocean dredged material disposal sites,
and in site management and monitoring. Ongoing management responsibilities of
the Regions will increase as more interim dredged material disposal sites are
designated as final sites. There will be further emphasis on data management
as the number of continuing and comprehensive site monitoring programs increases.
To implement the goals of the National Coastal and Marine Policy (NCMP),
the Agency, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, will begin to develop
a compliance and enforcement improvement initiative to reduce risk to human
health and aquatic life. This program will include guidance, training, public
awareness, and support from Headquarters for Regional permit and regulatory
3-47
-------
compliance and enforcement actions. The Agency will work with the Corps of
Engineers (COE) to develop improved procedures for identifying illegal ocean
dumping of dredge materials, and will work with NOAA and USCG on improving
surveillance. In addressing the NCMP goal of international leadership, the
Agency will continue to participate in activities under the London Dumping
Convention, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships (MARPOL), and the Cartegena Convention to preserve the coastal and marine
environments.
1990 ProEram
The Agency is allocating a total $11,366,400 supported by 55.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,367,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,999,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency continues to develop revised OD regulations to respond to
statutory amendments and lawsuits. Headquarters is developing sediment testing
protocols and a comprehensive, risk-based management strategy to bring the Marine
Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act Section 103 program and the Clean Water
Act Section 404 program into harmony. In addition, Headquarters is developing
a compliance and enforcement strategy for the OD program.
Technical guidance and training continues to be provided to support the
Regions' expanded role in the development of EISs for the COE and to support
ongoing site management and monitoring activities. The Agency continues to
support the resolution of concerns on dredging requirements of the U.S. Navy's
Homeporting programs. Region II continues to develop the New York Bight
Restoration Plan and the New York Mud Dump Site alternative study. In addition,
Headquarters and Region II, in cooperation with USCG and NOAA, are developing
and implementing an expanded monitoring plan for the 106 Mile Site and related
other sites, as required by ODBA. Headquarters undertakes work to control marine
debris through identification of sources and the development of reduction
strategies. The Agency continues to participate in international efforts to
preserve the coastal and marine environments through activities under the London
Dumping Convention and other international agreements.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $8,266,300 supported by 42.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,400,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,865,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continued development of a comprehensive revision to the OD
regulations and development of program guidance and technical protocols, as
required by statutory amendments and court judgments. Most of the coastal
Regions completed negotiations and began implementation of memoranda of
understanding (MOU) with the appropriate COE District offices to prepare dredged
material disposal site EISs and site designations. Headquarters and Region II
began increased monitoring of the 106 Mile Site in response to ODBA requirements.
3-48
-------
Work continued in Region II on preparation of the New York Bight
Restoration Plan, and two other studies, one relating to the selection of an
alternative disposal site to replace the New York Mud Dump Site and a second to
determine the resolution of the problem of plastics disposal in the New York
Bight. In addition, Headquarters and Region II continued work on a study with
NOAA on the adverse effects of the improper disposal of plastic articles on the
marine environment and on methods to reduce the amount of plastic debris. Also,
they continued a public outreach and education program in cooperation with NOAA
and USCG, on the problems of plastic debris in the marine environment and the
need for reduction of such debris. The Agency continued to participate in
international efforts to preserve the coastal and marine environments through
activities under the London Dumping Convention and other international
agreements.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,047,800 supported by 46.8 total workyears
for this program of which $2,365,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,682,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This reflects an increase of $601,400 in Salaries and Expenses,
an increase of $3,532,800 in Abatement, Control and Compliance,and an increase
of 10.0 workyears from 1990.
Additional resources will be used to improve and enhance the Agency's
ability to prepare for and respond to major inland oil spills, especially those
in or near environmentally sensitive areas. The Agency will also use the
resources to complete the Phase I amendments to the Spill Prevention,
Countermeasure and Control (SPCC) regulations, which will require facility
operators to have adequate contingency and response plans if an oil spill were
to breach the preventive measures taken at the site.
The Agency will remain on a 24-hour alert to receive notifications of
accidental releases of oil and other petroleum products. It will continue to
direct and monitor removals at major oil incidents. EPA will also monitor
removals by potentially responsible parties (PRP) or state and local authorities,
and it will provide technical assistance to the U.S. Coast Guard on coastal oil
spills when the Emergency Response Team (ERT) is activated or when the U.S. Coast
Guard makes a specific request.
In addition, the Agency will: 1) develop guidelines and procedures for
targeting inspection and enforcement efforts on facilities where spills could
result in significant or severe environmental consequences; and 2) conduct
inspections and follow-up activities at 100 of these targeted facilities. The
Agency will implement the recommendations from the recent On-Scene Coordinators'
Readiness Task Force, which include: 1) arranging and conducting a greater
number of response simulations and exercises; 2) reviewing selected state and
local contingency plans; and 3) working with industrial personnel to pre-stage
oil spill cleanup equipment near environmentally sensitive areas.
3-49
-------
1990 Program y
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,913,600 supported by 36.8
total workyears for this program, of which $1,763,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,150,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency continues to handle and monitor oil spill notifications; direct
response operations at major inland waterway oil spills where there is no other
governmental or private entity able or willing to respond; conduct SPCC
inspections at facilities where there is some indication that problems exist with
the contingency plan and/or plan implementation; and monitor on-scene removal
activities of PRPs or state and local authorities at major spills. Moreover,
the Agency updates contingency plans; provides advice and technical guidance to
state and local officials and PRPs involved in spill response; organizes and
staffs Regional Response Team meetings; assists the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) at major disasters; participates in response and safety training
of state and local staff; and maintains response equipment and facilities.
Resources support the development of Phase II of the Oil Spill Regulations
(initiated as a result of the Ashland Oil Spill). Phase II expands the
regulations to include site specific contingency plans and prevention of spills
at larger facilities that may affect drinking water or sensitive ecosystems.
The EPA expects this amendment to be published as a proposed rule in the Federal
Register by summer of 1990.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $3,912,300 supported by 39.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,019,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,893,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The program received and screened a total of 7,133 notifications of oil
spill releases, conducted 513 SPCC inspections, performed on-scene monitoring
of 542 oil spills, conducted 207 oil spill responses, and investigated 66 oil
releases. Based on the recommendations of the Oil Spill Prevention, Control
and Countermeasures Program Task Force (Task Force), convened in response to
concerns raised by the Ashland Oil Spill, EPA has amended the SPCC regulations.
The amendments to the SPCC regulations make most discretionary aspects of the
regulations mandatory.
SPILL RESTORATION PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program. This represents a
decrease of $871,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The decrease
reflects the completion of activities undertaken with funds appropriated in 1990.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $871,800 for this program, all of which
is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
3-50
-------
The Agency, through the Alaska Restoration Task Force Office (ARTFO),
supports activities to develop and implement a restoration plan of the Trustee
Agencies -- the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and the Interior -- for
the areas impacted by EXXON VALDEZ oil spill. The Agency provides technical
assistance and expertise to designated task forces, and to the Trustee Agencies
in the development of a restoration plan, a review of damage assessment data,
and identification of data needs. The Regional office is guiding and
participating in activities of the Regional Response Team and in restoration
activities. The office supports the State of Alaska in assessing contamination
and clean-up activities and assists the Trustee Agencies in sampling and
monitoring programs. The Agency also participates in workshops, reviews
workplans, and reviews environmental and water quality data. Agency support is
being provided for the development of monitoring protocols for toxic pollutant
investigations.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, no funds were obligated for this program.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,774,000 supported by 98.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,432,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,341,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This reflects increases of $827,600 in Salaries and Expenses,
6.3 workyears and $209,100 in Abatement, Control and Compliance. The increases
will support special criteria and standards work for critical aquatic resource
protection, especially coastal and marine waters.
The program will address pressing needs for guidance and technical support
for state standards to protect critical aquatic resources. To select pollutants
for numeric salt and fresh water criteria, EPA will use a ranking methodology
to identify pollutants judged to pose unusually high risk due to toxic effects
and exposure to humans and aquatic life. EPA will then (1) issue 5 proposed and
5 final fresh water quality criteria documents, 6 proposed salt water quality
criteria documents, 15 proposed and 15 final water quality advisories, and begin
developing additional fresh and salt water criteria; (2) complete and verify
methodology to develop sediment criteria for organic pollutants; (3) develop
guidance to strengthen numeric criteria for toxic pollutants; (4). promulgate
revisions to the Water Quality Standards (WQS) regulations; and (5) provide
workshops, training and technical assistance to help states adopt numeric
criteria for toxic pollutants. To assist states in addressing the growing
problems in coastal/marine waters, EPA will accelerate development of salt water
criteria for toxic pollutants in the water column and in sediments; develop
guidance on using salt water values, sediment criteria and biological criteria
to adopt WQS for coastal waters; and provide technical assistance and five
additional workshops to strengthen WQS for coastal waters.
3-51
-------
Regions will assist states in adopting new provisions in WQS to assess and
protect critical fresh and alst waters such as esturies, coastal areas or areas
impacted by contaminated sediments. Regions will continue to review and approve
state and Indian WQS, resolve issues and provide needed litigation support.
Regions will complete promulgation of WQS for states failing to meet statutory
requirements to adopt numeric criteria for priority toxic pollutants. To help
target activities to geographic areas based on ecological and human health risk,
Regions will conduct training and work with states to use data collected in
conjunction with Sections 305(b), 304(1) and 303(d) analyses. Regions will
assist states in adopting salt and fresh water criteria for newly-identified
toxic pollutants, in addressing bioaccumulation of toxic pollutants in fish flesh
and in applying antidegradation implementation methods.
In targeted coastal and marine areas, Regions will assist states in
adopting salt water toxic criteria, using biological criteria to evaluate and
protect biological integrity and applying antidegradation policies and
implementation procedures. In cooperation with states and Indian tribes, Regions
will determine where site-specific criteria are warranted and integrate the site-
specific analyses into review and revision of state WQS (particularly where water
quality-based permits or toxic pollutants are impacting critical aquatic
resources). Regions will provide management oversight to existing Clean Lakes
projects and prepare information for the Report to Congress on program
accomplishments.
EPA will promulgate final first-round criteria and regulations for disposal
and use of sewage sludge based on the National Sewage Sludge Survey; revise risk
assessment and risk management models based on the Survey; resolve cross-media
issues; and complete the rulemaking package and four companion technical support
documents. EPA will also conduct workshops and provide technical assistance to
states and initiate data collection and analysis on additional pollutants,
disposal practices and exposure pathways for second-round regulations.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,737,300 supported by 91.7
total workyears for this program, of which $4,604,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,132,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The program continues to emphasize state adoption of numeric criteria for
toxic pollutants; initiate promulgation actions for states not complying with
Section 303(c)(2)(B) of the Clean Water Act (CWA); and develop methods to
implement state antidegradation policies. Priority objectives for the 1991-1993
WQS triennium are being established and amendments to incorporate changes in the
1987 CWA amendments are being proposed. The program is promulgating rules for
qualified Indian tribes and resolving disputes as well as overseeing expansion
of the WQS program to qualified Indian tribes. Approximately 7 final water
quality criteria documents, 6 proposed criteria documents and nearly 15 water
quality advisories are being issued. To ensure adoption of biological and
sediment criteria and wetland WQS by the states, EPA is developing criteria and
guidance for the 1991-1993 triennium. Outreach programs are providing
information to the states on policies and requirements, interpretation and use
of water quality criteria and advisories and use of sediment and biological
criteria.
3-52
-------
EPA is conducting additional sewage sludge modeling activities, evaluating
proposed numerical criteria and completing its response to public comments on
the proposed technical regulations for use and disposal of sewage sludge. If
appropriate, EPA will publish new information for public comment on the proposed
technical regulation, and may prepare additional regulatory options.
1989 Accomplishments .
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $7,716,900 supported by 83.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,400,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,316,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency published one proposed toxic water quality criterion, one salt
water aquatic criteria document and a final methodology for deriving sediment
criteria values for nonpolar organic contaminants. Headquarters and Regions
reviewed state WQS relating to use attainability, site-specific criteria
development, antidegradation and adoption of criteria for toxic pollutants.
Regions worked with states to examine the adequacy of narrative criteria
for toxics and control methods recommended for toxic discharges and to resolve
complex use/criteria revision and modification issues and differences in state
WQS. Antidegradation policies were reviewed for consistency with regulatory
requirements and states were assisted.in developing implementation methods.
EPA examined priority water segments requiring site-specific criteria and
assisted states in collecting data and selecting appropriate methods and
procedures for use attainability analyses. Regions helped states conduct use
attainability analyses and provided guidance, data and examples from other
states. Regions also provided assistance to states to develop assessments of
lake water quality included in Section 305(b) Reports and managed existing grants
to states for lake assessments and restorations.
EPA proposed regulations identifying toxic pollutants in sludge,
appropriate management practices and numeric limits for 29 pollutants. EPA also
prepared five technical support documents addressing common sludge use and
disposal practices, and conducted four public hearings and three workshops to
assist Regions and states interpret and apply the sludge technical regulations.
EPA evaluated 634 public comments (5,500 pages) on the sludge regulations, began
analyzing data from the National Sewage Sludge Survey and continued efforts to
generate incinerator emission data.
NONPOINT SOURCE MANAGEMENT GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,250,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $22,683,100 from 1990, which reflects a reduced need for funding
after initial start-up of implementation efforts.
The Clean Water Act (CWA) amendments of 1987 required states to prepare and
submit nonpoint source (NFS) management programs that describe how they plan to
3-53
-------
prevent and control NPS pollution and improve water quality. Under Section 319
of the CWA, EPA is authorized to make grants to states that demonstrate the
willingness and ability to effectively implement Best Management Practices (BMPs)
that control particularly difficult or serious NPS pollution problems and/or use
innovative methods or practices to prevent or control NPS pollution. Major
sources of NPS pollution to be addressed include (1) agricultural practices that
result in surface water contamination by soils, fertilizers, pesticides, and
animal wastes; (2) resource extraction (mining/oil and gas) causing serious water
quality impacts; and (3) urban NPS pollution (contaminated urban runoff) that
results in substantial loadings of toxic and conventional pollutants.
Projects selected for funding will focus on measures (regulatory and
nonregulatory) to abate and prevent NPS pollution in targeted watersheds,
particularly critical aquatic resources and habitats such as estuaries, near
coastal waters and wetlands. Each project selected for funding must include
provisions for (1) on-site assistance to ensure effective implementation of
technical solutions, education and outreach to raise public awareness and
mobilize public participation, and technology and information transfer to
upstream communities whose cooperation is essential to the long-term success of
the specific project; (2) innovative prevention and control techniques that may
have wider applicability; (3) state and local regulatory and enforcement
mechanisms to complement traditional voluntary efforts, where appropriate; (4)
environmental/biological indicators to measure changes in water quality and
habitat; (5) techniques to avoid ground-water contamination as a result of
reducing and/or eliminating NPS pollution to surface waters; and (6) sound
institutional and financial arrangements that will lead to long-term water
quality improvements through self-sustaining state and/or local NPS prevention
and control programs. All activities selected for funding must achieve discrete,
measurable results that will reduce risk to human health and the aquatic
environment and must advance states toward effective implementation of
comprehensive NPS management programs.
Grants under Section 319 will also be used for activities to build state
institutional capabilities to protect ground-water resources from NPS pollution.
Such activities include (1) ground-water resource assessments in areas where NPS
pollution is a major concern; (2) development of best management practices to
prevent ground-water contamination; (3) development of technical assistance
documents and training efforts; (4) establishment of state and local regulatory
and nonregulatory capabilities; (5) establishment of institutional
responsibilities and coordination mechanisms; and (6) development of ground-
water monitoring capability, including data management.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $36,933,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Nonpoint source management grants are available to states and qualified
Indian tribes to implement approved elements of their Section 319 NPS management
programs. EPA is developing state-by-state planning targets for funding based
on interim criteria that reflect nonpoint source needs; preparing guidance on
the award and management of grants in accordance EPA's December 1987 NPS
Guidance; and awarding grants to fund NPS activities that result: in demonstrated
3-54
-------
progress in achieving Congress' goal of preventing and abating NFS pollution.
Priorities for funding include (1) the effectiveness of a state's performance
to date; (2) programs balanced to provide for both improvement and protection
of water quality in specific watersheds and institutionalization of long-term,
statewide NFS management programs; (3) particular NFS activities of highest
priority to the Agency (including those articulated in the 1987 NFS Guidance);
and (4) commitment to conduct appropriate before-and-after water quality
monitoring and evaluation activities to enable EPA to report to Congress on
progress in reducing NFS pollution and improving water quality. Each grant will
contain a ground-water element to further state assessment of ground-water
resources and to establish a basis for identifying priority protection needs
prior to undertaking any site-specific measures. If a state already has a good
basis for determining its ground-water priorities, then the state should
implement efforts to address these priorities.
1989 Accomplishments
No funds were obligated for this program in 1989.
NONPOINT SOURCE IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $750,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $1,194,100 from 1990, which is consistent with reduced grant funding
after initial start-up.
Based on the long-term funding policy developed in 1990, Headquarters will
continue to oversee Regional efforts to award and manage funds to states under
Section 319. EPA will continue to negotiate sound state work plans for projects
consistent with the complex legal and procedural requirements associated with
grants under Section 319, including program tracking and accounting requirements.
EPA will also continue activities related to the approval of complete NFS
management programs in each state and to oversee state implementation, which may
include on-site reviews.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating $1,944,100 for this program, all of which
is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Since 1990 is the initial year of Section 319 (h) funding, start-up
activities represent a major program focus. Start-up activities include
developing state-by-state planning targets for funding based on interim criteria
consistent with direction provided by Congress, preparing guidance on the award
and management of grants consistent with EPA's 1987 guidance and awarding grants
for NFS activities based on funding priorities. A NFS funding policy for use
in 1991 and beyond is also being developed.
Further, EPA is developing and implementing reporting and oversight
procedures designed to ensure the integrity of the grants process and assure
positive environmental results from the projects selected for funding.
Activities include Headquarters review of selected management programs, grant
3-55
-------
work programs and watershed plans; participation with Regions in selected reviews
of state programs; and on-site review of Regional NFS programs. Regions will
conduct on-site inspections of selected watershed projects to assure satisfactory
progress.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency did not obligate funds for this program in 1989.
3-56
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Coastal Environment
Management
Salaries & Expenses $4,135.8 $6,315.9 $5,813.4 $7,627.6 $1,814.2
Abatement Control and $11,511.3 $15,461.8 $15,239.5 $27,248.9 $12,009.4
Compliance
TOTAL $15,647.1 $21,777.7 $21,052.9 $34,876.5 $13,823.6
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $8,231.5 $9,091.7 $8,176.0 $8,670.9 $494.9
Abatement Control and $6,822.7 $6,603.5 $6,514.4 $6,110.1 $404.3-
Compliance
TOTAL $15,054.2 $15,695.2 $14,690.4 $14,781.0 $90.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $12,367.3 $15,407.6 $13,989.4 $16,298.5 $2,309.1
Abatement Control and $18,334.0 $22,065.3 $21,753.9 $33,359.0 $11,605.1
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $30,701.3 $37,472.9 $35,743.3 $49,657.5 $13,914.2
Monitoring & Analysis
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment 79.6 124.0 117.9 146.5 28.6
Management
Water Quality 156.4 162.5 156.6 156.7 .1
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 236.0 286.5 274.5 303.2 28.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment 84.3 124.0 123.9 146.5 22.6
Management
Water Quality 164.6 162.5 162.1 156.7 -5.4
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS 248.9 286.5 286.0 303.2 17.2
3-57
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $49,657,500 supported by 303.2 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $13,914,200 and an increase of 17.2 total
workyears from 1990. Of the request, $16,298,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $33,359,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,309,100 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $11,605,300 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
COASTAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,876,500 and 146.5 total workyears for
this program, of which $7,627,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $27,248,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents increases of $1,814,200 in Salaries and Expenses,
$12,009,400 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and 22.6 in total workyears.
The increases reflect increased Headquarters and Regional activities in the
National Estuary Program (NEP) projects as 9 of the 16 projects enter the complex
environmental characterization and plan development phases; implementation of
near coastal waters (NCW) Regional coastal strategies to address major coastal
pollution problems; and implementation of the Clean Water Act (CWA) Section
403(c) program strategy for bringing ocean discharge permittees into compliance
with 403(c) criteria.
In 1991, Headquarters and the coastal Regions will support 16 estuary
projects in the NEP, under CWA Section 320. The Management Conferences for the
Buzzards Bay, Narragansett Bay, and Puget Sound projects will complete
Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plans (CCMP) and begin implementation
by state and local governments. The Long Island Sound, Albemarle-Pamlico Sounds,
and San Francisco Bay projects will be in the third phase, CCMP development.
The New York-New Jersey Harbor, Delaware Bay, Delaware Inland Bays, Sarasota Bay,
Galveston Bay and Santa Monica Bay projects will be in the second phase, problem
definition and resource characterization. Projects selected in 1990 will enter
the second phase. The NEP action projects to demonstrate innovative clean-up
strategies will be completed, evaluated, and shared with other Regions and
states.
Headquarters and the Regions will seek to protect all coastal waters and
the Great Lakes, through the implementation of Regional coastal strategies
developed with the states. These strategies will target geographic areas and/or
specific problems based on risk. Emphasis will be on the enhancement of base
water programs to address problems and prevent pollution in NCWs. NCW Regional
strategies for the Great Lakes will focus on implementation activities related
to the Remedial Action Plans and Lakewide Management Plans. Another essential
compor.ant of the Regional NCW strategies will be demonstration projects supported
3-58
-------
by Headquarters to test control and pollution prevention effectiveness. Grants
will be provided to state and local governments for selected action
demonstrations identified as national priorities in NCW strategies or through
the NEP projects.
To respond to needs identified by the Regions and states through the
Regional NCW strategies, Headquarters will continue to develop tools and conduct
training. A technology transfer initiative will involve base water programs for
permitting and enforcement, water quality criteria, and standards. In this
initiative, technical assistance will be provided on request to Regional and
state staffs to integrate point source, nonpoint source, and water quality
planning expertise to address identified NCW problems. Regions IV and VI will
oversee the Gulf of Mexico Program and assist in development of a Louisiana
coastal restoration study.
In the Section 301(h) programs, Headquarters will continue to support
Regions I, II, IX, and X in the preparation of secondary equivalency
determinations and permit reissuance activities. Under the Section 403(c)
program, Headquarters will increase support to the coastal Regions for the
continued implementation of the strategy in the 1989 report to Congress. The
goal of the strategy is to bring National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permittees into compliance with Section 403(c) criteria, and the program
includes conducting risk assessments for direct ocean dischargers.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,052,900 supported by
123.9 total workyears for this program, of which $5,813,400 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $15,239,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The NEP is also supported by $4,755,000 provided in
the last year of the CWA Section 205(1) set-aside from the Construction Grants
appropriation.
Through the NEP, Headquarters and the coastal Regions will provide support
and oversight to twelve estuary projects, including the six initial projects:
San Francisco Bay, Albemarle-Pamlico Sounds, Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound,
Puget Sound, and Buzzards Bay. The Buzzards Bay project completes its CCMP by
mid-1990 and begins the implementation phase of the program, while the other five
projects complete the intensive environmental characterization and begin CCMP
development. The six projects selected in 1988 -- New York-New Jersey Harbor,
Delaware Bay, Delaware Inland Bays, Sarasota Bay, Galveston Bay, and Santa Monica
Bay -- begin the intensive characterization phase. With priority consideration
given to project sites referenced in a 1987 CWA amendment, new projects, selected
by the Agency on the basis of national significance, are being designated in 1990
to expand geographic coverage, to develop further project expertise, and to
further test remedial approaches developed in earlier estuary projects.
For NCW initiatives, the Regions continue working with the states to assess
environmental risks in NCWs, select and define priority problems, identify needed
enhancements to ongoing programs, and identify and implement innovative abatement
and control programs. The Headquarters/Regions' national network to exchange
information on NCW problems and management tools links the Chesapeake Bay and
Great Lakes programs with the NEP and NCW demonstration projects. Emphasis is
on providing technical assistance and training to local project managers.
3-59
-------
Regions IV and VI continue support for the Gulf of Mexico Program, including
further development of the program's "Framework for Action" and additional
monitoring and data collection to assess environmental health and to establish
a base for policy/regulatory options.
The Section 301 (h) programs of Regions I, II, IX, and X focus on the
evaluation of monitoring programs and permit reissuance, following completion
of final waiver determinations for the remaining first round applications. The
programs include preliminary work for reissuance of permits that expire in 1991
and secondary treatment equivalency determinations, as required. Headquarters
will support a study by the National Academy of Science on opportunities to
improve wastewater management by urban coastal areas. The coastal Regions'
Section 403(c) programs continue efforts to bring NPDES permittees into
compliance with Section 403(c) criteria, consistent with the recommendations of
the 1989 report to Congress.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $15,647,100 supported by 84.3
total workyears for this program, of which $4,135,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,511,300 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The NEP was also supported by $4,705,000 provided
through the Section 205(1) set-aside from the Construction Grants appropriation.
Through the NEP, Headquarters and the coastal Regions supported twelve
estuary projects in 1989. Three of the initial projects were developing their
CCMP, and the remaining three of the initial projects were continuing their
environmental resources characterization work. The six projects added in 1988
began planning initiative activities, following the state governors' decisions
to convene the project Management Conferences. There was an increased emphasis
on conducting pollutant load assessments and completion of assessments of status
and trends. Priority demonstration plans to implement targeted clean-up
strategies in selected estuary projects received assistance using Section 205(1)
set-aside resources.
In addition to ongoing estuarine activities, the Regions continued the
assessment of NCWs to determine environmental status and water quality trends,
and to identify NCWs needing management attention. In a parallel effort, three
ongoing pilot projects and three new pilot projects were conducted in coastal
and marine areas to demonstrate innovative solutions for identified major
environmental problems. Region IV and VI also continued to support development
of the "Framework for Action" for the Gulf of Mexico Program to begin resource
characterization and assessment activities.
In the Section 301(h) marine discharge programs, Regions I, II, IX, and
X completed most first round application waiver decisions by the end of 1989,
and waiver recipients began to implement required water quality monitoring
programs. The Section 403(c) program's report to Congress by Headquarters
included a targeted strategy for bringing NPDES permittees into compliance with
ocean discharge criteria. Headquarters also developed a Permit Writer's Guide
for use by the coastal Regions and at the local level in conducting Section
403(c) evaluations and addressing point source discharges to NCW.
3-60
-------
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,781,000 supported by 156.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,670,900 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,110,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $494,900 for Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $404,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and
a decrease of 5.4 workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses supports
efforts to enhance EPA and state water quality data systems. The decreases
reflect completion of initial state 304(1) listing requirements.
Based on previous national and state water quality studies and reports
(such as the Section 304(1) and Section 305(b) reports), the program will
concentrate on geographic areas where the presence of contaminated sediments,
toxics in the water column or bioaccumulative toxics pose the greatest risk to
human health and the aquatic environment. EPA will conduct studies and encourage
states to evaluate water quality in these areas as well as the sources of
pollutants, and develop needed controls to minimize the risks to human health
and the aquatic environment. States will be expected to develop total maximum
daily loads (TMDLs), wasteload allocations (WLAs) and load allocations (LAs)
where water quality-based controls are needed to reduce point and nonpoint source
discharges.
Headquarters will develop a final national long-term Monitoring Framework
document and related implementation guidance and sponsor a third national
monitoring symposium. Headquarters will also sponsor workshops to describe
simplified methods that states can use to identify areas where contaminated
sediment presents a high-risk, as well as remediation methods states can use at
specific sites.
Headquarters will analyze the 1990 state Section 305(b) reports and prepare
the national water quality report to Congress. Headquarters will also work
closely with Regions and states to develop and implement guidance for preparing
the State 1992 Section 305(b) reports.
Headquarters and Regions will continue to strengthen state assessment and
monitoring programs and further enhance the Waterbody System by linking it to
state Geographic Information Systems and to national water quality data systems
operated by other Federal agencies. The Regions will review state workplans and
specific water quality assessments and will assist in environmental data
management. Audits of state assessment programs will be conducted by the Regions
to identify areas for increased efficiencies and other needed improvements.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,690,400 supported by
162.1 total workyears for this program, of which $8,176,000 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $6,514,400 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The program continues a high priority effort to assure effective
implementation of Section 304(1) of the Clean Water Act, providing assistance
3-61
-------
and oversight in addressing deficiencies in state submissions. Where states
fail to act, the Agency is developing and promulgating lists of waters impaired
by toxics and developing WLA's for disapproved individual control strategies
(ICSs).
The Bioaccumulation Study is being finalized, which will be used along
with other information to prepare a surface water risk assessment for pulp and
paper companies. The program is developing several guidance documents on how
to assess and remediate sediment contamination problems where toxic pollutants
are suspected of causing adverse impacts on aquatic life and bioaccumulation
problems.
The surface water monitoring program is encouraging states to adopt more
cost-effective approaches, such as rapid biological assessments and use of
citizen volunteer programs, to enhance and augment state monitoring programs.
A series of national and Regional symposia and workshops is being conducted to
address nonpoint source pollution monitoring and assessment, estuarine
monitoring, sediment contamination and bioaccumulation of pollutants in fish
tissue. EPA is also assisting states to monitor toxic pollutants and assess
toxicity in the aquatic environment, through workshops and direct involvement
in specific projects. States are completing their 1990 Section 305(b) reports.
The Agency continues to strengthen state trend assessment and laboratory analysis
capabilities and improve water quality data management to enable integration with
other data bases. A detailed river network is also being prepared for use in
STORET and other data bases.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $15,054,200 supported by 164.6
total workyears for this program, of which $8,231,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,822,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Headquarters issued proposed and final regulations that governed the
Section 304(1) listing of waters impaired by toxic pollutants. To facilitate
the development of the state lists and the development of ICSs, Headquarters
performed national assessments of toxic problems. Three reports to Congress
and a study required by Sections 308(g), 516, 524 and 525 of the Clean Water
Act were completed.
Regions reviewed and approved or disapproved state Section 304(1) lists
and began the public participation process where needed. Regions continued to
assist states in conducting WLAs and other analyses to develop ICSs for
controlling toxics dischargers. Regions continued to participate in the National
Bioaccumulation Study and, where bioaccumulation problems were discovered,
assisted states in developing effective control strategies. A report on the
results of the National Bioaccumulation Study was drafted. Two guidance
documents were prepared on sediment contamination problems: one outlining methods
for assessing contamination and the other describing current EPA statutory
authorities and programs for dealing with these problems.
The Regions were responsible for approving or disapproving TMDLs and WLAs
developed by states under Section 303(d) and for producing TMDLs/WLAs if states
failed to do so.
3-62
-------
WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Salaries & Expenses $20,729.4 $21,029.4 $21,032.3 $20,555.0 $477.3-
Abatement Control and $24,338.1 $20,626.0 $20,336.9 $20,442.6 $105.7
Compliance
TOTAL $45,067.5 $41,655.4 $41,369.2 $40,997.6 $371.6-
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
Salaries & Expenses $1,170.3 $1,521.0 $1,403.2 $1,629.9 $226.7
TOTAL $1,170.3 $1,521.0 $1,403.2 $1,629.9 $226.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $21,899.7 $22,550.4 $22,435.5 $22,184.9 $250.6-
Abatement Control and $24,338.1 $20,626.0 $20,336.9 $20,442.6 $105.7
Compliance
Municipal Source TOTAL $46,237.8 $43,176.4 $42,772.4 $42,627.5 $144.9-
Control
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste 391.8 430.0 401.3 387.6 -13.7
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment 25.5 31.5 30.6 31.5 ,9
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 417.3 461.5 431.9 419.1 -12.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste 422.5 430.0 426.5 387.6 -38.9
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment 26.4 31.5 31.5 31.5
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL WORKYEARS 448.9 461.5 458.0 419.1 -38.9
3-63
-------
WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,627,500 supported by 419.1 total
workyears for 1991, a decrease of $144,900 and 38.9 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $22,184,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $20,442,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
a decrease of $250,600 and an increase of $105,700 respectively.
MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,997,600 supported by 387.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $20,555,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $20,442,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of 38.9 workyears and
$477,300 and an increase of $105,700 respectively. The decrease in workyears
reflects reduced workload for the award of construction grants and completed
initial State Revolving Loan Fund (SRF) awards for most of the states. The
increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects support for major
municipal pollution prevention and water conservation initiatives.
In 1991, EPA will continue, in cooperation with states, to manage the
implementation and oversight of the SRF program. With 50 SRF programs operating,
a high level of effort will be required to provide extensive first round reviews
of annual reports, as well as review and approval of more complex SRF financing
proposals. The Agency will implement State Funding Study recommendations by
promoting state use of alternative financing mechanisms and establishing a
national clearinghouse to collect and disseminate information on state and
municipal financing issues.
Although funding for the construction grants program ended in 1990, the
traditional program management workload of state oversight responsibilities will
continue. Regions will be managing a workload of approximately 4,800 active
grant projects. Maximum emphasis will be placed on the completion and closeout
of grant projects and resolution of audit problems. The funds requested for the
Corps of Engineers Interagency Agreement will purchase 250 workyears of effort
to provide construction management assistance to EPA and the states. States will
continue to manage delegated programs to completion although the adequacy of
Section 205(g) fund balances could begin to be a problem in some states.
Projects funded under the first and second cycles of the Indian set-aside for
projects on Indian reservations and in Alaska Native Villages will be in the
active stages of design and construction, requiring significant coordination and
negotiation with the Indian Health Service and tribes.
In 1991, the Agency will be implementing initiatives in municipal water
pollution prevention, water conservation and technology transfer to assure that
the national investment in wastewater treatment, infrastructure is protected.
3-64
-------
Water pollution prevention strategies and proactive state programs will emphasize
preventive measures and support systems encouraging municipalities to maintain
compliance and prevent future non-compliance. The Agency will provide $800,000
to support effective on-site operations, maintenance and compliance assistance
to operators of small publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Activities
associated with the management of the operator training program are described
in the operations and maintenance program element.
The cooperative effort of wastewater treatment and drinking water programs
providing financing and technology assistance to small communities will continue.
The Agency will be promoting and developing demonstration projects with
public/private partnerships to assist municipalities in solving POTW problems.
Regions will continue to conduct user charge system reviews to assess the
adequacy of user fees to meet costs and ensure permit compliance. In 1991, the
Agency will focus on establishing a national ethic of efficient water use,
promote overall reduction of the nation's water use on a per capita basis and
encourage a significant nationwide increase in the reclamation and reuse of
wastewater for various applications.
Headquarters will continue to provide technical guidance and program
assistance on sewage sludge management, pretreatment requirements and ground-
water contamination from leaky sewers, as well as new technologies such as
wetlands treatment systems.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $41,369,200 supported by 426.5
total workyears for this program, of which $21,032,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $20,336,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA is managing dual wastewater treatment grant programs with emphasis on
the prompt completion of active construction grants projects, resolution of
audit problems and implementation.oversight of SRF programs. The highest program
priority in the Regions is to negotiate and award initial SRF grants, as well
as conduct first annual program reviews. Regions also maintain essential
emphasis on traditional construction grants management activities and are
addressing a workload of approximately 5,500 grant projects. As a result of the
first funding cycle, funding for 18 Indian tribes and 8 Alaska Native Villages
is provided. The $15,500,000 allocated for the Corps of Engineers Interagency
Agreement is supporting 250 workyears of effort to provide construction
management assistance to EPA and the states. EPA is developing a strategy to
deal with the completion of the program including problems introduced as the
states deplete 205(g) program grant funds. The strategy will be based on the
ongoing partnership among EPA (including the Inspector General and Regions), the
Corps of Engineers and the state agencies, and will identify the necessary level
and mix of program resources to handle the completion workload.
In 1990, EPA is taking a new direction to prevent pollution and assure
protection of the nation's multi-billion dollar infrastructure of major public
health and water quality improvements. The Agency is promoting state programs
related to municipal water pollution prevention, water conservation and
technology transfer. $1,800,000 is targeted for operator training grants to
implement state operator training programs to assist small communities. Regions
3-65
-------
are providing increased information and assistance to help municipalities address
alternative financing methods for wastewater treatment needs. The wastewater
treatment and drinking water programs are engaged in a cooperative effort to
provide information and assistance on financing and technology to hard-pressed
small communities. Headquarters is coordinating research, technology transfer
and outreach activities with other agencies and national organizations, including
the Small Flows Clearinghouse.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $45,067,500 supported by 422.5
total workyears for this program, of which $20,729,400 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $24,338,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
1989 was a critical year for the program with a maximum SRF implementation
effort and significant continuing responsibility for the traditional management
and oversight of over 6,000 ongoing construction grants projects. Title VI
authorized states to request 1989 funds for SRFs and 43 states submitted
capitalization grant applications. Thirty-five new SRF programs came on line
in 1989. With contractor support, Regions and states received SRF program
training, including a series of Letter of Credit seminars to inform the states
and financial community how the payment process works.
EPA continued to monitor state delegation status and performed the remaining
nondelegated project management responsibilities. The 50 delegated states and
Puerto Rico have submitted phase out strategies which describe the work remaining
to manage the construction grants program to completion and the human and
financial resources required to perform the work. In addition, implementation
of new construction grants provisions, including grants to Indian tribes,
continued. EPA initiated an Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service
for assistance in implementing the Indian set-aside grants program. Final Indian
program guidance was issued and the Indian Needs Survey Report to Congress was
also issued. The $15,300,000 obligated for the Corps of Engineers Interagency
Agreement purchased 275 workyears to provide construction management assistance
to EPA and the states. The 1988 Needs Survey was completed and planning for the
1990 Needs Survey was initiated.
WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,629,900 supported by 31.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $226,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and no change in workyears. The increase reflects
increased personnel and support costs.
In 1991, a national pollution prevention initiative to prevent non-
compliance through technical assistance and training will be underway in the
operations and maintenance (O&M) program. The $800,000 in grant funds noted in
the municipal waster treatment facility construction program above will enable
state and EPA Regional . staff to provide on-site compliance assistance and
3-66
-------
operator training at about 270 minor POTWs. Continued operator training grants
assistance to states with comprehensive municipal compliance programs is
resulting in significant compliance improvements. As a result of improvements,
EPA will continue to provide technical and financial management assistance, and
information and guidance will continue to be disseminated to promote more
enhanced O&M and operator training activities in states and small communities.
Headquarters will issue 104(g) annual guidance and continue to oversee state and
Regional operator training programs to address O&M and manpower problems in small
communities.
The mission of state 109(b) training centers will be expanded to include
comprehensive environmental training. In an Interagency Agreement with the
Indian Health Service, EPA is developing a model operator training program in
Region VI. The model will be extended to other Regions and coordinated with
operator training initiatives for drinking water, furthering our collaborative
efforts with small communities.
In 1991, awards for exemplary performance in operations and maintenance,
beneficial uses of sludge and pretreatment will continue to be made through the
enhanced National and Regional Wastewater Excellence Awards program. Management
of Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) programs will continue and
recommendations for improvements in project performance certification will also
continue.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,403,200 supported by 31.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Stable staffing, together with the resources allocated to continue operator
training grants under the Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities Construction
program, will contribute to the development of effective state O&M and operator
training, programs and support improved minor municipal facilities compliance.
With the $1,800,000 in grant funds noted in the municipal waste treatment
facility construction program above, state and EPA Regional staff are continuing
to provide on-site compliance assistance and operator training at about 700 minor
POTWs. Regional/state operations management evaluations and operator training
programs are a key component to the municipal water pollution prevention
initiative aimed at preventing noncompliance. In addition to managing operator
training grants, Regions are working directly with selected minor facilities that
have problems and overseeing project performance certification reviews. Annual
guidance on the 104(g) program is being issued and financial management
instructor guidance is being implemented. EPA is promoting improved local user
charge and financial management systems and identification of O&M compliance
problems through effective diagnostic evaluation and laboratory QA/QC programs.
EPA is continuing to recognize superior facilities through enhancements to
its National and Regional Wastewater Excellence Awards programs. In addition,
the Agency is providing guidance, information and oversight to assist the states
and communities to strengthen local O&M programs for improved sludge, toxics,
and innovative, alternative and conventional technologies management.
3-67
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,170,300 supported by 26.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Information and guidance were issued to promote more cost-effective O&M
activities funded under Sections 104(g), 106 and 205(g). States and EPA Regions
obligated $1,800,000 to provide on-site O&M assistance to approximately 700
facilities and returned 363 to compliance. EPA conducted a program to train on-
site inspectors to diagnose and assist in resolution of small communities'
financial and user charge system problems where these contribute to O&M and
permit compliance problems.
EPA continued the National Wastewater Excellence Awards program which was
expanded to recognize exemplary pretreatment programs. The Agency made 70
Regional awards and 22 national awards. Staff reviewed project performance
certifications and implemented minor POTW QA/QC programs.
3-68
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement 3-69
Water Quality Permit Issuance 3-73
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $18,587.7 $18,755.6 $18,989.3 $21,511.4 $2,522.1
Abatement Control and $1,875.7 $2,539.9 $2,507.6 $5,979.6 $3,472.0
Compliance
TOTAL $20,463.4 $21,295.5 $21,496.9 $27,491.0 $5,994.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $18,587.7 $18,755.6 $18,989.3 $21,511.4 $2,522.1
Abatement Control and $1,875.7 $2,539.9 $2,507.6 $5,979.6 $3,472.0
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $20,463.4 $21,295.5 $21,496.9 $27,491.0 $5,994.1
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality 386.6 394.7 37515 402.7 27.2
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 386.6 394.7 375.5 402.7 27.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 407.5 394.7 394.4 402.7 8.3
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 407.5 394.7 394.4 402.7 8.3
3-69
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,491,000 supported by 402.7 total workyears
for 1991, an increase of $5,994,100 from 1990. Of the request, $21,511,400 will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $5,979,600 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $2,522,100 for
Salaries and Expenses, an increase of $3,472,000 for Abatement, Control and
Compliance, and an increase of 8.3 total workyears.
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $27,491,000 supported by 402.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $21,511,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,979,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,522,100 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $3,472,000 for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 8.3 total workyears.
The increase for Salaries and Expenses reflects funding of personnel costs.
The increase for Abatement, Control and Compliance will support data entry into
Permit Compliance System (PCS). The increase in workyears will support
pretreatment enforcement where EPA is the control authority.
Since all but 207 municipal facilities are expected to have completed
construction to meet final effluent limits by the end of 1990, the Agency will
emphasize municipal compliance with final effluent limits in 1991. Municipal
Enforcement Program (MEP) activities will focus on quick response time to
violations, the relative effectiveness of enforcement responses, and a reduction
in significant noncompliance rates for publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)
on final effluent limits. A municipal pollution prevention program (MPP) will
be implemented which emphasizes pollution prevention through careful screening
of constructed, complying POTWs to identify those that show potential for
violation in the near future. The MPP will include evaluation criteria
sufficient to surface potential problems at POTWs in time to allow correction
before violations occur.
In 1991, the goal of the pretreatment enforcement program will be
improvements in all 1,500 approved programs. Enforcement actions will be taken
based on the new definition for significant noncompliance. Pretreatment
compliance inspections will be conducted where programs are not audited, annual
reports will be reviewed and POTW performance will be tracked through the
Pretreatment Permits and Enforcement Tracking System. EPA will continue to rely
on states and approved POTWs to ensure the compliance of industrial users with
categorical standards and POTW sludge limits. Where there is no approved
program, Regions will emphasize the identification of categorical industrial
users and monitor compliance where such industries have been identified.
3-70
-------
In 1991, the enforcement program will place a high priority on
implementation of the Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Strategy for Toxics
Control. The strategy will establish criteria for the review of compliance data
related to toxics violations. EPA will also initiate enforcement of permits
for combined sewer overflows and enforcement of sludge requirements in permits.
The use of administrative penalty orders will increase, with about 70
percent of these orders issued as Class 1. Nearly all administrative penalty
orders will be accompanied by an administrative compliance order to require
correction of the violation. All major and industrial permittees will be
inspected, and a timely and appropriate enforcement response will be emphasized
in all cases of significant noncompliance.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $21,496,900 supported by 394.4
total workyears for this program, of which $18,989,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,507,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
EPA is monitoring the compliance with schedules of those municipals which
have not yet completed construction to meet final effluent limits. The Agency
is taking enforcement action where necessary to force compliance with schedules.
EPA is also initiating a systematic effort to ensure that those municipals on
final effluent limits consistently comply with those limits. For municipals
which have completed construction, EPA is assessing reasons for noncompliance
identifying the causes and establishing corrective action plans.
EPA is monitoring POTWs to assure adequate implementation of their
pretreatment programs and initiating enforcement actions against POTWs that fail
to implement approved programs. POTWs are receiving guidance on how to determine
the economic benefit industrial users derive from noncompliance for purpose of
computing penalties, and workshops are being developed and conducted for POTWs
on how to take effective enforcement actions.
EPA and approved states are placing a high priority on monitoring and
enforcing toxic permit requirements. The Agency is using both chemical and
biological methods to monitor compliance of toxics. Enforcement of toxicity
requirements is focusing on identification of causes and expeditious elimination
of toxicity using the best available technical knowledge in the scientific
community.
EPA is developing an inspection program for monitoring compliance with
sludge permit requirements. EPA expects to issue a strategy for the monitoring
and enforcement of sludge requirements which addresses reporting, the definition
of significant noncompliance and specific enforcement issues.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $20,463,400 supported by 407.5
total workyears for this program, of which $18,587,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,875,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
3-71
-------
In 1989, the Agency continued to focus on completing unfinished work for
National Municipal Policy (NMP). As of October 1, 1989, 76 percent of the NMP
universe had completed construction to comply with final effluent limits --
bringing the overall compliance rate for major municipal facilities to 91
percent. Only 12 of the original 1,478 major NMP facilities were not yet in
compliance, on an enforceable schedule or referred for judicial enforcement
action. Enforceable construction schedules were established for approximately
67 percent of the 1,269 minor municipal facilities needing schedules.
During 1989, EPA conducted a pretreatment enforcement initiative to ensure
that approved POTWs control industrial discharges of toxic wastewater into their
sewage treatment systems. Sixty one cities were named in judicial actions and
administrative orders seeking penalties for violations. (These actions included
30 EPA administrative penalty orders and 18 EPA referrals.) EPA conducted 305
pretreatment compliance inspections and 406 pretreatment inspection at industrial
users and referred a total of 34 pretreatment judicial actions to EPA or the
Department of Justice. Additionally, EPA issued 286 administrative orders,
including 68 administrative penalty orders for violation of pretreatment
requirements.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil and hazardous substance spill requirements
included 133 referrals to the U.S. Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties
and 41 administrative actions for violations of Spill Prevention Control
Countermeasure plan requirements.
3-72
-------
WATER QUALITY
Uater Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Permit Issuance
Salaries & Expenses $13,462.3 $13,946.4 $14,993.8 $17,579.5 $2.585.7
Abatement Control and $8,076.7 $7,198.4 $7,106.5 $8,047.4 $940.9
Compliance
TOTAL $21,539.0 $21,144.8 $22,100.3 $25,626.9 $3,526.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $13,462.3 $13,946.4 $14,993.8 $17,579.5 $2,585.7
Abatement Control and $8,076.7 $7,198.4 $7,106.5 $8,047.4 $940.9
Compliance
Water Quality Permit TOTAL $21,539.0 $21,144.8 $22,100.3 $25,626.9 $3,526.6
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 292.2 340.3 324.2 342.3 18.1
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 292.2 340.3 324.2 342.3 18.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance 309.5 340.3 339.7 342.3 2.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS 309.5 340.3 339.7 342.3 2.6
3-73
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,626,900 supported by 342.3 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $3,526,600 from 1990. Of the request,
$17,579,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,047,400
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $2,585,700 in Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and an increase of $940,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation and an increase of 2.6 total workyears.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,626,900 supported by 342.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $17,579,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,047,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,585,700 in
Salaries and Expenses, an increase of $940,900 in Abatement, Control and
Compliance and an increase of 2.6 in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will provide support for near
coastal waters permitting and pollution prevention efforts.
EPA will emphasize reissuance of expiring major permits incorporating
toxic/toxicity limits and modification of permits incorporating limits based
on biomonitoring and/or chemical specific testing. EPA will emphasize
issuance of Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) permits and assist states in
implementing the CSO strategies developed in 1990. To protect critical
habitats, EPA will strengthen its focus on issuing permits to near coastal
water (NCW) discharges of pollutants of concern, especially where CSO or
stormwater discharges are problems.
EPA will focus on pollution prevention through reissuance of major
municipal permits that include requirements for publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) to assess the need to plan for plant upgrades and expansion. Training
modules will encourage consideration of innovative approaches to municipal
pollution prevention and assist in developing permit requirements for planning
plant upgrades. Pollution prevention will also be a significant part of the
NCW activities through increased support of the pretreatment program.
EPA will continue to conduct detailed POTW pretreatment program reviews,
with appropriate follow-up, to ensure effective implementation. EPA will
assist POTWs to develop/modify local limits to control toxics/hazardous
pollutants in accordance with revised pretreatment regulations and to ensure
compliance with sludge requirements and water quality-based limits in POTW
permits.
3-74
-------
EPA will continue to assist states .in issuing/modifying toxic/toxicity
based permits and will work with states to improve their toxic control
programs. The Agency will continue to review state (and Indian tribe)
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) programs and program
modifications, with emphasis on general permit authority, and encourage state
assumption of sludge permitting programs.
EPA will promulgate NPDES regulations to implement programmatic and
other Water Quality Act (WQA) related revisions. EPA will complete the
Section 519 Pretreatment and second stormwater reports to Congress.
During FY 1991 EPA will work towards implementing a permit fee for water
pollution permits issued to dischargers under the NPDES program. During
FY 1990 EPA will attempt to develop the necessary regulations to set up the
fee system.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $22,100,300 supported by
339.7 total workyears for this program, of which $14,993,800 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $7,106,500 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA continues to emphasize control of hazardous and toxic pollutants
from direct dischargers. EPA gives priority to completing the issuance of
Individual Control Strategies (ICSs) to major and minor dischargers listed as
required by Section 304(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended.
Remaining permits are being issued to include toxicity-based or water
quality-based limits based on human health protection, toxicity reduction
evaluations, revised local pretreatment programs, and/or Best Available
Technology for organic chemicals.
EPA continues to review NPDES state program and program modification
requests. EPA assists states to develop sludge programs and strengthen their
toxic control programs in accordance with action plans.
In 1990, EPA is assisting POTWs to develop/modify local limits to
control toxics and hazardous pollutants in accordance with revised
pretreatment regulations and as required by ICSs and changes in sludge
disposal standards. EPA continues to audit POTWs to evaluate application of
categorical standards, local limits and issuance of control mechanisms.
Guidance and contract assistance is provided to implement revisions to the
general Pretreatment Regulations based on Pretreatment Implementation Review
Task Force recommendations; to revise/develop local limits to include
additional toxic pollutant limits, including organics; to conduct toxicity
reduction evaluations and assess toxicity related spills; and to apply organic
chemical categorical pretreatment standards. Workshops and seminars are
provided on toxicity testing, biomonitoring, and state/POTW pretreatment
implementation.
3-75
-------
The Agency will promulgate General Pretreatment Regulation revisions
reflecting requirements of the Domestic Sewage Study and stormwater
application regulations. EPA is completing the first stormwater report to
Congress and is beginning work on stormwater application regulations for
moratorium sources.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $21,539,000 supported by 309.5
total workyears for this program, of which $13,462,300 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $ 8,076,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Contract resources were used to develop ICSs, evaluate state toxic
control assessments, train Regional and state permit writers, develop local
limits and water quality-based limits in POTW permits, conduct audits of
approved local and NPDES state pretreatment programs, and develop NPDES
programs and program modifications, especially sludge programs. Workshops and
seminars were held on pretreatment implementation and various phases of NPDES
permitting.
EPA issued a total of 419 major permits, of which 250 were industrial
and 168 were municipal. Additionally, a total of 947 minor permits were
issued. EPA continued to review state NPDES program requests and program
modifications. No full programs were approved, but two states received
pretreatment program approval and three received general permitting authority.
EPA and pretreatment states performed 356 local pretreatment program audits.
The Agency promulgated regulations covering state Sludge Management
Programs and Permit Issuance codification of the 1987 Water Quality Act
provisions and CWA Section 304(1); issued a final strategy on controlling
CSOs; and proposed rules on stormwater application requirements and the
pretreatment regulation revisions reflecting the Domestic Sewage Study.
3-76
-------
4. DRINKING
WATER
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-7
Scientific Assessment 4-11
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 4-12
Health Effects 4-13
Environmental Engineering and Technology 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 4-16
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-18
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-19
Drinking Water Implementation ... 4-21
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-30
Drinking Water Management 4-32
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-33
Underground Injection Control Program 4-35
Ground-Water Protection 4-38
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement ... 4-42
-------
DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Drinking Water
$34,928.8 $39,217.4 $38,851.3 $45,296.3 $6,445.0
$60,568.4 $72,314.6 $71,383.5 $76,463.8 $5,080.3
$11,312.4 $10,867.3 $10,561.5 $10,877.2 $315.7
$106,809.6 $122,399.3 $120,796.3 $132,637.3 $11,841.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
673.8 767.7 743.9 810.2 66.3
716.0 767.7 768.0 810.2 42.2
$111,414.4 $124,177.3 $123,615.1 $133.914.3 $10,299.2
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986 reauthorized this
program at a level of $199,570.0 for 1989, $199,570.0
for 1990, and $199,570.0 for 1991.
4-1
-------
DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's goal, under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) as amended in 1986,
is to assure that public water supplies are free of contaminants that may cause
unacceptable health risks and protect ground-water resources by preventing the
endangerment of underground sources of drinking water (USDW). EPA pursues a
twofold approach, protecting drinking water at the tap and preventing
contamination of ground-water sources of drinking water supplies.
The 1986 Amendments expand the Federal role in protecting drinking water
at the tap, mandating sweeping changes in nationwide safeguards and new
responsibility to enforce them in the event of state inaction. EPA's strategy
is to usher in this new, comprehensive level of drinking water protection by
maximizing voluntary compliance through a balance of enforcement presence, risk
prevention and innovative partnerships. EPA has established its implementation
priorities according to the degree of tangible human health risk at stake,
focusing on four classes of contaminants with the highest health risks
nationwide: microbiological pathogens, lead (and other corrosion by-products),
radionuclides and disinfection chemical by-products. Similarly, enforcement
priorities, embodied in the definition of PWS Significant Non-Compliance (SNC),
are risk based.
EPA is also focusing on the prevention of contamination of
valuable/vulnerable ground-water resources by assisting states in developing and
implementing comprehensive ground-water protection strategies. These strategies
will address both the full range of actual/potential sources of ground-water
contamination and provide for wellhead protection activities in the areas around
public water systems. In addition, EPA is targeting specific activities to
protect drinking water sources from the harmful effects of injection of wastes
and other fluids; in particular, EPA is addressing the vast number of diverse
"miscellaneous," or Class V, injection wells.
Drinking Water Standard Setting
EPA defines its risk-reduction objectives for drinking water protection
through promulgation of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs).
NPDWRs are developed for any contaminants "known or anticipated to occur" in
public water systems (PWSs) that may have any adverse human health effects. The
SDWA Amendments prescribe a stringent timetable for regulating 83 contaminants
referenced in the law, a subsequent triennial cycle for listing and regulating
additional contaminants, specific treatment technology requirements and
monitoring for unregulated contaminants.
EPA sets standards that entail the full measure of public health protection
prescribed by Congress; that is, Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) that represent
the level of maximum feasible health protection. Not only does this directly
enhance protection at the tap, but also provides a comprehensive array of
standards for use as health protection benchmarks in other environmental
programs. At the same time, EPA will take into account the potential burden of
the wholesale increase in the number of regulatory requirements, building into
the scandards themselves both flexibility and streamlined administrative
4-2
-------
requirements. These standards promote the states' freedom of action within the
bounds set by SDWA mandates. The accompanying monitoring and reporting
requirements are staggered, giving smaller systems more time to prepare for
monitoring and compliance.
PWS Program Implementation
EPA's first priority is to support the expansion of state program
capabilities, essential to implement the growing regulatory framework. The
critical factor is state participation: under the Federal-state framework
established by the SDWA, EPA relies on the states to realize its program
objectives. Therefore, it is essential .for the states to become agents for
change. Not only must the states expand their commitment to broad protection
of drinking water supplies, but they must also invest in developing new
approaches to interacting with systems and other interested parties in order to
increase their effectiveness. First, EPA is pioneering an approach that
mobilizes all parties with any stake in safe drinking water (seeking to leverage
scarce EPA/state resources) to seek change at the grass-roots level. Second,
EPA is emphasizing "marketing" voluntary compliance across the regulated
community, focusing on the thousands of small Public Water Systems (PWS) in the
PWS regulatory community. EPA is encouraging states to go beyond the task of
simply reaching so many systems (in order to prevent a vast number of inadvertent
violations), and address the primary causes of system non-compliance (such as
customer resistance to higher rates, inadequate facilities and poor training and
expertise). This requires institutional innovations and technology transfer.
To this end, EPA is sponsoring various demonstrations and initiatives to promote
small-systems viability.
States have had notable success in maintaining and increasing systems
compliance through their traditional programs, which themselves reflect a balance
of preventative measures (regular surveillance of systems operations, review of
planned facility changes, operator certification), technical assistance and an
enforcement deterrent. Ultimately, however, additional requirements mean
increased non-compliance. In the future, EPA will have to establish enforcement
priorities on the basis of health risk, focusing on the prevalence of
microbiological, lead, radionuclide and by-product contamination. As a first
step, EPA has defined the category of SNC, which now governs enforcement
priorities, on the basis of health risk. In 1990, EPA is targeting these most
serious NPDWR violations, initiating Federal action on all SNC violators that
the states have failed to bring into compliance. EPA is also introducing a
series of internal reforms and new procedures for EPA/state liaison, aimed at
improving PWS enforcement programs.
Underground Injection Control
EPA and 40 state primacy programs will continue to maintain regulatory
coverage of 308,000 injection wells. However, EPA and the states will begin to
address contamination risks from Class V wells. This category encompasses a wide
variety of different well types that resist uniform regulatory treatment. Class
V wells range from radioactive waste-disposal wells, service station and
industrial drainage and disposal wells, to irrigation return wells. In October
1989, EPA issued a "Shallow Injection Well Program Strategy" outlining an action
plan combining traditional regulatory controls (on the highest-risk well
categories) with more innovative approaches to foster voluntary control
4-3
-------
practices. The strategy entails an analytical process employed by EPA and the
states to screen the Class V universe and prescribe appropriate levels or forms
of control, based on the level of potential endangerment to ground-water
resources. In 1991, implementation will also be guided by the early results of
EPA-funded demonstration projects designed to field test the best approaches to
Class V controls which were funded in 1990. In 1991 the most intense shallow-
well activities are likely to be the closure and enforcement of wells newly
defined to be illegal "Class IV" injection wells, pursuant to the Hazardous Waste
program's redefinition of the toxicity characteristic for designating waste as
hazardous. A critical factor in a shallow well's contamination risk is its
influence on USDW, and wellhead protection areas in particular. Therefore,
Class V controls play an intrinsic role in the overall ground-water protection
program.
Addressing the emerging problem of Class V wells complements and reinforces
the Agency's efforts in regulating the principal classes of injection wells.
Class II (oil and gas production and storage-related injection wells) compliance
evaluations will continue as the remaining states complete their first five-year
cycle of Class II file reviews. The program will emphasize both permitting and
ensuring compliance with permit and statutory requirements of other UIC
categories, particularly Class I and II. Where a state does not or cannot
respond to violations in a timely and appropriate manner, EPA will take
enforcement action.
Ground-Water Protection
In 1991, EPA will enhance assistance to states in developing and
implementing ground-water protection activities that move beyond protection
strategies to comprehensive ground-water protection programs. EPA will focus
on expanding the capability of states to develop approaches that protect ground
water from the total range of actual and potential sources of contamination,
including those that are not Federally regulated. State ground-water protection
programs will concentrate on integrating state protection efforts with Federal
programs to assure compatibility between state and Federal activities.
Particular emphasis will be on working with USDA to promote ground-water
protection policies and approaches. Additionally, the Agency's ground-water
protection program will assist state water agencies in developing hydrogeologic
aspects of pesticides management plans. These state plans provide for protection
methods tailored to area-specific differences in ground-water vulnerability.
EPA will initiate analysis of major economic sectors in order to identify
and assess high risk sources of ground-water contamination that are not currently
regulated. The Agency will oversee development and testing of best practices,
e.g. siting criteria, technical controls and management practices, to prevent
ground-water contamination from those unregulated sources found to be of greatest
concern.
A critical component of a state comprehensive ground-water protection
program includes activities targeted to high priority ground-water resources.
A primary example of this type of targeting is the protection of areas and fields
surrounding wells of public water systems, commonly known as wellhead protection.
Thus, in 1991, EPA will assist states in developing wellhead protection programs
to incorporate their comprehensive ground-water protection programs. The Agency
will continue to provide extensive direct assistance to states in the delineation
4-4
-------
of wellhead protection areas and work with states in the assessment of specific
sources of contamination and the development of risk management strategies. EPA
will also support technical assistance projects on specific local issues related
to the protection of wellhead areas/wellfields of public water systems. Special
emphasis will be given to ensure that priorities and specific activities for
controlling high risk Class V underground injection wells are targeted to
wellhead protection areas.
In 1991, EPA will also assist states in building and strengthening their
capabilities in the area of ground-water information management. EPA will
implement a minimum data element .set to ensure that ground-water data collected
by or on behalf of the Agency is comparable, compatible and readily accessible
to regional, state and local managers of ground-water protection programs, as
well as to other Federal agencies. A directory of ground-water information will
be updated and EPA will continue to facilitate the dissemination and exchange
of information with the states on innovative practices and programs in ground-
water protection.
Research and Development
In 1991 the Agency will continue to focus transport and fate research on
ground-water contamination. Research will emphasize understanding the processes
by which the transport of subsurface contamination is facilitated. Research on
new approaches to delineate and manage ground-water quality within wellhead
protection areas will continue.
The research program will continue to support methods development to detect
ground-water contaminants, understand and predict their behavior, evaluate the
viability and cost-effectiveness of in-situ restoration as a clean-up
alternative, and support UIC regulatory efforts.
The Agency will develop data on the chemistry and toxicology of
disinfectants used in place of chlorine, primarily ozone and chloramine and their
reaction by-products. In the near future many municipalities will need to begin
using ozone and chloramine as well as combinations of the two chemicals for
drinking water disinfection. Currently, very little is known about either the
spectrum of their by-products during disinfection or the toxicological properties
of these chemicals and/or mixtures of chemicals. Research will continue to
develop and validate biomarkers to quantify exposure and effects, with particular
emphasis placed on the gastro-intestinal tract where the first exposure to
chemicals occurs.
Consulting Services
Consulting services are used to supplement existing in-house expertise in
the drinking water program. These services are utilized in the development and
review of regulations, policy and guidance-documents pertaining to drinking water
standards, PWS and UIC program implementation and the identification of emerging
waterborne environmental or human health hazards.
4-5
-------
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
DRINKING WATER
CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1989 1990
INCREASE*
DECREASE-
ESTIMATE 1991 VS.
1991 1990
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations
for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
states
for existing and new
facilities, by EPA
UIC Mechanical Integrity
Testing
UIC Compliance Review
PWS Primacy Development
Grants to Indian Tribes.
Enforcement Actions - PWS :
Inspections
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders. . . .
Civil Litigation (new) . . .
Criminal Litigation
Enforcement Actions - UIC:
Inspections
Notices of Violation
Administrative Orders. . . .
Civil Litigation (new) . . .
Criminal Litigation
Cumulative Outputs
PWS Primacy States
UIC Primacy States (full
and partial programs) . . .
Designated Sole Source
Aquifers
8,352
625
37,475
17,125
1
n/a
*»^ M
237
242
2
0
107,038
n/a
122
1
0
54
33/6
52
5,228
515
28,858
21,558
2
n/a
V
427
186
3
0
72,034
n/a
123
4
0
54
35/5
60
5,228
515
28,858
21,558
4
n/a
/
527
227
3
0
72,034
n/a
123
4
0
55
35/5
68
0
0
0
0
+2
+100
+41
0
0
0
0
0
0
+1
0
+8
4-6
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research 4-7
Scientific Assessment 4-11
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 4-12
Health Effects 4-13
Environmental Engineering and Technology 4-15
Environmental Processes and Effects 4-16
-------
ACTUAL
1989
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$404.3
$266.1
$670.4
$505.1
$267.6
$772.7
TOTAL
$2,089.4 $2,314.9
$2,215.8 $1,720.2
$4,305.2 $4,035.1
$2,926.0 $3,178.8
$3,817.8 $3,086.3
$6,743.8 $6,265.1
$2,846.0 $3,406.0
$1,836.6 $1,929.9
$4,682.6 $5,335.9
$1,678.2 $1,927.8
$3,176.1 $3,863.3
$4,854.3 $5,791.1
$498.4
$261.2
$759.6
$663.0
$268.2
$931.2
$2,387.8 $2,545.2
$1,698.1 $1,743.5
$4,085.9 $4,288.7
$3,154.7 $3,347.6
$2,959.1 $2,915.6
$6,113.8 $6,263.2
$3,378.8 $3,483.2
$1,877.3 $2,128.2
$5,256.1 $5,611.4
$1,789.3 $1,925.4
$3,765.8 $3,821.7
$5,555.1 $5,747.1
$164.6
$7.0
$171.6
$157.4
$45.4
$202.8
$192.9
-$43.5
$149.4
$104.4
$250.9
$355.3
$136.1
$55.9
$192.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Drinking Water
Research
$9,943.9 $11,332.6 $11,209.0 $11,964.4 $755.4
$11,312.4 $10,867.3 $10,561.5 $10,877.2 $315.7
TOTAL $21,256.3 $22,199.9 $21,770.5 $22,841.6 $1,071.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
8.2 8.0 8.0 8.0
35.3 37.8 39.8 38.8
55.6 58.2 58.2 58.2
0.0~
-1.0
0.0
4-7
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT
1989 1990 ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.0 56.3 55.3 53.3 -2.0
28.7 29.2 29.2 27.2 -2.0
179.8 189.5 190.5 185.5 -5.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.4 8.0
8.0
8.0
35.8 37.8 39.8 38.8
59.3 58.2 58.2 58.2
52.9 56.3 55.3 53.3
29.7 29.2 29.2 . 27.2
186.1 189.5 190.5 185.5
0.0
-1.0
0.0
-2.0
-2.0
-5.0
4-8
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Drinking Water Standards Based on Health Effects
Through Risk Assessment Studies
1991: o Revise criteria documents on Phase IV and V contaminants and
incorporate public comments. (Scientific Assessment)
o Report on carcinogenic and reproductive effects of chloracedic acids
(Health)
o Report on the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study on
the chronic effects of using ozone as a disinfectant. (Health)
1990: o Develop final risk assessments and criteria documents for Phase II
chemicals. (Scientific Assessment)
o Report on the mechanistic approaches to assess the interactions of
drinking water contaminants. (Health)
o Report on cancer risks associated with disinfection of drinking water
(Health)
1989: o Developed health advisories and criteria documents. (Scientific
Assessment)
o Report on the carcinogenic and reproductive effects of
Disinfectants/by-products. (Health)
o Report on the target organ toxicity of drinking water contaminants.
(Health)
o Report on the chemistry and toxicology of chlorinated
hydroxyfuranones. (Health)
Objective 2: Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Dnta for
Drinking Water Standards
1991: o Report on alternative disinfectants/disinfection by-products.
(Engineering)
o Report on disinfection of Legionella and associated bacteria in
drinking water. (Engineering)
1990: o Develop and verify Legionella inactivation data for public plumbing
systems. (Engineering)
o Report on inactivation of Crytptosporidium oocysts. (Engineering)
o Report on point-of-entry systems for removal of radon. (Engineering)
1989: o Report on radiation methods validation and intercomparison studies
program for drinking water radiation quality assurance. (Monitoring)
o Systems performance procedures for on-site evaluation and
certification of drinking water monitoring laboratories . (Monitoring)
o Report on pilot plant disinfection and disinfection by-products with
ozone combined with chloramines and chlorine. (Engineering)
4-9
-------
o Report on treatment techniques to remove radon from small water
supplies. (Engineering)
o Report on lead leaching from water faucets. (Engineering)
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Data and Methods to Protect .of Groundwater
Resources
1991: o Provide report on the sampling variance caused by well construction,
materials, and operations. (Monitoring)
o Evaluate and adapt, where possible, existing oil exploration methods
for groundwater monitoring. (Monitoring)
1990: o Provide improved methods for predicting contaminant movement and
transformation. (Monitoring)
o Laser-induced fluorescence for monitoring groundwater by fiber optics
(Monitoring)
o Report on the ozonization products in drinking water (Environmental
Processes)
1989: o Report on sources of variability affecting groundwater monitoring
data (Monitoring)
o Report .on fiber optics for monitoring groundwater contaminants
(Monitoring)
o Report on impacts of unregulated sources of groundwater contamination
in wellhead protection areas (Environmental Processes)
4-10
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,841,600 supported by 185.5 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $1,071,100 and a decrease of 5.0 in total
workyears from 1990. Of the request, $11,964,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,877,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation, increases of $755,400 and of $315,700, respectively.
Program Objectives
The Drinking Water research program support States and the Office of
Drinking Water (ODW) in implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The
research program consists of the following objectives:
Objective 1: Provide Scientific Basis for Drinking Water Standards.
Research provides health assessment information to support the Office of Drinking
Water in revising regulations to control drinking water contaminants under SDWA.
The health research program also assists States in determining the cause of
outbreaks from waterborne infectious diseases and assessing the hazard of humans
exposure to infectious agents through drinking water.
Objective 2: Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring. Data for
Drinking Water Standards. Research provides analytical procedures to monitor
drinking water contaminants. Engineering research evaluates treatment processes
and costs to support ODW regulatory decision-making.
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground-
Water Resources. Research provides the scientific basis for the protection of
underground drinking water sources to implement Section 1421 and 1414 of the SDWA.
Research activities are done in coordination with the Pesticides and Hazardous
Waste Programs.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $931,200 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $663,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $268,200 will be-for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $164,600 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, increase of $7,000 in the Research and Development appropriation
and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
a general enhancement of the in-house drinking water research program. The
increase in the Research and Development appropriation represents an
administrative increase.
4-11
-------
Provide Scientific Basis for Drinking Water Standards. This program will
provide quantitative health risk assessments, from exposure to drinking water
contaminants, to develop drinking water standards. Research work includes
responding to public comments on specific Phase IV and Phase V chemicals. Support
is provided for revising corresponding criteria documents and preparation of final
criteria for defined phase VI chemicals. Continued assistance will be given for
the promulgation of Phase II & V regulations.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $759,600 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $498,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $261,200 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1990, this program is finalizing disposition of public comments received
in the Phase II chemical and assisting the final promulgation of the Phase II
regulations. Three Phase four criteria documents and two Phase V are being
prepared. 13 chapters quantifying toxicological effects for Phase VI chemicals
are being prepared. The program is also continuing to provide technical support
to the regions and states.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $670,400 supported by 8.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $404,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $266,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments include finalization of documents on 19 Phase II
chemicals, preparation of external review documents for three Phase IV chemicals
and risk assessment and criteria documents for seven Phase V chemicals.
Quantification of toxicological effects chapters and criteria documents for six
specific Phase VI chemicals were also prepared.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,288,700 supported by 38.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,545,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,743,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $157,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $45,400 in the Research and Development
appropriation, and an reduction of 1.0 in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects a general enhancement of the in-house support for
the monitoring program. The decrease in workyears reflect a general realignment
of agency priorities.
Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking Water
Standards. This request will continue quality assurance activities supporting
states, regions and other user communities by providing: high-purity chemical,
radiochemical and microbiological reference materials, and the transfer of
technologies including analytical methods and quality assurance of protocols.
Efforts will continue to determine microbial quality of drinking water, methods
4-12
-------
for isolation and detection of Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Legionella, and use
of other molecular biological techniques to improve and validate microbial
analysis and to reduce the cost of testing.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater Resources.
Research will provide both technical information and improved methods for
predicting contaminant movement and transformation to better assess human exposure
from groundwater contamination. Research will include evaluating, identifying
and assessing technologies for improving injection well practices, assessing fluid
movement from injection wells and developing laser induced fluorescence for
monitoring groundwater by fiber optics. Major emphases will be placed on
continuous monitoring and sample extraction devices to improve monitoring in
wellhead protection areas, development of database management systems, as well
as, geophysical surveys for characterization of injection wells.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,085,900 supported by 39.8
total workyears for this program, of which $2,387,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,698,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1990, the monitoring program is expediting methods validation work to
meet the new drinking water regulations for organic chemical contaminants. The
program provides analytical procedures to monitor drinking water contaminants
including development of procedures for analysis of radioactive contaminants and
improved coliform analysis methods.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,105,200 supported by 35.8 total
workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in drinking water, of
which $2,089,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,015,800
was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the revised National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPDWR), chemical and microbiological methods were developed and/or standardized
for the determination of volatile, semi-volatile, and non volatile organic
compounds, coliform bacterial contamination, radionuclides, and groundwater
contamination. Inter-laboratory comparisons were performed to assess the
performance of chemical microbiological methods for analysis of contaminants
regulated under NPDWR and laboratories were certified to do drinking water
analysis. Quality assurance support was provided for EPA, State, regional, and
contract laboratories.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,263,200 supported by 58.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,347,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,915,600 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $192,900 and a decrease of $43,500
4-13
-------
respectively, and no change in the total workyears. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement of the in-house research
program. The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects an
administrative adjustment.
Provide Scientific Basis for Drinking Water Standards. The health research
program will support the Office of Drinking Water (ODW) in its effort to develop
recommended drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) and MCLs for
twelve disinfectants and more than eighteen types of disinfection by-products.
In response to the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, research will be conducted
to isolate, identify, synthesize and characterize the toxicological effects of
major disinfectant by-products that present the highest probable health risks.
Research will focus on the effects of disinfectants to be used as an
alternative to chlorine, such as ozone and chloramine, individually and in
combined mixtures. Research will begin to develop and validate biomarkers to
quantify exposure and effects, particularly on the gastrointestinal tract where
the first exposure to chemicals occurs.
Risk extrapolation methodology will be developed for determining human
exposure to chemical mixtures as they occur in source waters for drinking water.
Epidemiology studies will continue to be conducted to determine the association
between the use of disinfectants and chronic health effects (cancer and
cardiovascular disease).
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,113,800 supported by 58.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,154,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,959,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The research program is supporting the Office of Drinking Water's efforts
to develop maximum contaminant levels and health advisories for specific chemicals
found in drinking water. Research efforts are developing toxicological and
epidemiological data to support maximum contaminant level goals and fill gaps for
the first set of 83 contaminants for which regulations are required. This
includes research on disinfectants, disinfectant by-products and other organic
and inorganic contaminants. Other research is being conducted to improve
extrapolation methods used in risk assessment.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $6,743,800 supported by 59.3 total
workyears for its monitoring and quality assurance program in drinking water, of
which $2,926,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,817,800
was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major research accomplishments were: a report on target organ toxicities
for chemicals evaluated for drinking water health advisories; a report on the
analysis of non-genotoxic liver cancer from drinking water contaminants and
research determining genotoxic effects of organic chemicals in drinking water for
incorporation into MCLGs; a report on research that determined target organ
4-14
-------
toxicities of disinfectants and disinfectant by-products required under the Safe
Drinking Water Act Amendments; and a report on an epidemiological determination
of health hazards associated with low-level occurrence of viruses.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,611,400 supported by 53.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,483,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,128,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $104,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, with an increase of $250,900 in the Research and
Development appropriation and a decrease of 2.0 in total workyears. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects a general enhancement of in-house support for
the engineering programs and the increase in the Research and Development
appropriation represents support for the Administrator's pollution prevention
initiative. The workyear reduction reflects a general realignment of agency
priorities.
Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking Water
Standards. This request will evaluate processes for removal of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and radionuclides for setting standards and
implementing regulations. Development of new information on treatment systems
performances and costs analyses of proposed treatment systems will continue. The
request will support evaluation of disinfectants and their by-products and factors
contributing to microbial deterioration of water quality in distribution systems.
Research emphasizing technologies especially adaptable to small systems will
continue as a priority.
The major emphases supporting groundwater research will be in continuous
monitoring and sample extraction devices and the development of data base
management systems for wellhead protection areas. In addition, research will
continue to evaluate the usefulness of geophysical surveys for characterization
of injection wells.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,256,100 .supported by 55.3
total workyears for this program, of which $3,378,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,877,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research is evaluating treatment processes and costs to support ODW
regulatory decision-making. Cost data ares being compiled for unit processes to
do cost-effectiveness analyses of proposed treatment systems. Factors which
contribute to deterioration of water quality in distribution systems and methods
for control are being investigated. Research emphasizing technology particularly
adaptable to small systems is also being performed.
4-15
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,682.600 supported by 52.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,846,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,836,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Significant engineering research accomplishments available to regulators,
utilities and the community at large, include: 1) determining the effectiveness
of granular activated carbon treatment technology to remove radon from drinking
water, 2) report on treatment techniques to remove radon from small water
supplies, 3) report on lead leaching from water faucets, and 4) report on
determining the conditions for maximum inactivation of the MS2 coliphage virus
which are believed to be the conditions necessary for effectively inactivating
other similar bacterial viruses.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,751,100 supported by 27.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,925,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,821,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $136,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $55,900 in the Research and Development
appropriation. The total workyears are decreased by 2 .0 workyears. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects the general enhancement of in-house support of
the Processes and Effects programs; the increase in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects an administrative adjustment.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground Water
Resources . This program will focus on methods development and studies of surface
transport and fate processes. Research studies will be conducted on in-situ
aquifer restoration techniques which may potentially lead to a more cost-effective
cleanup of aquifers. Coordination with the Hazardous Waste and Pesticides Programs
occurs in this area of research.
Research will provide field evaluation of movement and transformation of
wastes from underground injection wells. The program will provide technical
assistance for the Wellhead Protection Program, major technology transfer programs
and support for the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,555,100 supported by 29.2
total workyears for this program, of which $1,789,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,765,800 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research is focusing on development and improvement methods to measure key
subsurface parameters that influence contaminant behavior as well as methods the
predict concentrations of contaminants. The program supports research on bio-
transformation for aquifer restoration and cost effectiveness of in-situ aquifer
restoration techniques. The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program is
4-16
-------
studying the fate and transport of wastes and mechanical integrity of well
casings. Research supporting wellhead protection is providing data on
assimilative capacity of soils around wells and data necessary to define the area
needing protection around the wellhead.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,854,300 supported by 29.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,678,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,176,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1989 accomplishments were: 1) report on facilitated transport of organic
pollutants with a strong affinity to water, 2) report on in-place restoration of
contaminated aquifers, 3) report on methods for determining the mechanical
integrity of wells, and 4) a five year research plan for wellhead protection (in
collaboration with the Office of Groundwater Protection).
4-17
-------
Abatement
and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-18
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 4-19
Drinking Water Implementation 4-21
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance 4-25
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants 4-26
Underground Injection Control Program Grants 4-28
Special Studies and Demonstrations 4-30
Drinking Water Management 4-32
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance 4-33
Underground Injection Control Program 4-35
Ground-Water Protection : . . 4-38
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $4,567.3 $5,243.2 $4,625.7 $4,688.0 $62.3
Abatement Control and $7,578.8 $7,027.5 $6,937.9 $6,578.0 -$359.9
Compliance
TOTAL $12,146.1 $12,270.7 $11,563.6 $11,266.0 -$297.6
Drinking Water
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $2,680.1 $2,927.9 $2,883.8 $3,085.5 $201.7
Abatement Control and $2,914.8 $4,764.4 $4,703.6 $5,639.3 $935.7
Compliance
TOTAL $5,594.9 $7,692.3 $7,587.4 $8,724.8 $1,137.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $7,247.4 $8,171.1 $7,509.5 $7,773.5 $264.0
Abatement Control and $10,493.6 $11,791.9 $11,641.5 $12,217.3 $575.8
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL $17,741.0 $19,963.0 $19,151.0 $19,990.8 $839.8
Criteria, Standards &
Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Criteria, Standards & 69.5 70.5 70.5 71.0 .5
Guidelines
Drinking Water 40.2 45.9 45.9 45.9 0.0
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 109.7 116.4 116.4 116.9 .5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Criteria, Standards & 76.8 70.5 70.5 71.0 .5
Guide Iines
Drinking Water 41.3 45.9 45.9 45.9 0.0
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 118.1 116.4 116.4 116.9 .5
4-1!
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,990,800 supported by 116.9 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $839,800 and no change in total workyears from
1990. Of the request $7,773,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,217,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $264,000 for Salaries and Expenses and $575,800
for Abatement, Control and Compliance. This represents no change in total
workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and an increase of 0.5
workyears in the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
CRITERIA. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,266,000 supported by 71.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,688,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,578,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears will include 70.0 from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and 1.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. This represents an increase of $62,300 for Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $359,900 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, no
change in Salaries and Expenses total workyears and an increase of 0.5 workyears
from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund (FIFRA '88).
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs; the decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects completion of
the National Pesticides Survey fieldwork. The increase in FIFRA workyears will
support the increased volume of pesticide reregistration reviews.
In 1991, EPA will continue to define its risk-reduction objectives for
drinking water via development of contaminant standards. National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) promulgated through 1991 will reduce
substantial existing health risks from pathogenic organisms, lead and
radionuclides. Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for inorganic and synthetic
organic chemicals will prevent additional risks from emerging into significant
health hazards. Monitoring for unregulated contaminants, along with extra-
regulatory scientific-data assessments (resulting in valuable guidance, such as
Health Advisories) complete the framework for averting future risks.
Standards for 38 inorganic and synthetic-organic compounds (I/SOC) will
be promulgated in 1991. Standards for radionuclides and the~ remaining 24 toxic
chemical contaminants specified by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments
will be finalized. A standard for arsenic will be promulgated separately to
permit further consideration of the scientific evidence about health effects.
Joint Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG) and NPDWRs for multiple
disinfectants and disinfection by-products will be proposed. Setting standards
for these set of contaminants will be complex since the potential for chronic
toxicity must be carefully weighed against the substantial reduction in risk from
4-19
-------
pathogenic microorganisms. Standards will also be proposed for the other
chemicals on the 1988 Contaminant Priority List. The second list of regulatory
candidates will be published in 1991 in accordance with the statutory deadline
under the SDWA.
In 1991 complete results of the National Pesticides Survey will be
presented providing a comprehensive picture of the incidence and extent of a wide
range of pesticides in drinking water wells. Further analysis will focus on
the relations between incidence and potential causal factors. This analysis will
provide guidance to the drinking water and pesticide programs, in regulatory
considerations. For reregistration activities related to the 1988 Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, trust fund resources will provide
drinking water program review of registrant-submitted scientific data that may
effect drinking water standards, health advisories and risk assessments. These
drinking water benchmarks play a crucial role in pesticide use restrictions to
prevent ground-water contamination. Assistance will be provided to the Regions
and states on implementation of the Lead Contamination Control Act and reducing
risk from radon contamination of drinking water supplies. A 1991 initiative will
support the study of drinking water issues at university-based pollution
prevention centers. A complementary initiative will support programs on the
prevention of lead contamination within distribution systems.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $11,563,600 supported by 70.5
total workyears for this program, of which $4,625,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,937,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears include 70.0 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 0.5 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund.
Regulatory standards proposed in 1990 include rules for radionuclides
(including radon) and remaining toxic-chemical compounds specified by the SDWA
Amendments. A revised MCLG and NPDWR for lead and corrosion control is being
promulgated to address the significant health risks from the presence of lead
in drinking water. The Regions and states are being supported to reduce lead
in drinking water, with emphasis on lead in school water supplies, as mandated
under the Lead Contamination Control Act.
As required by the 1986 SDWA Amendments, the Agency is reviewing
information on fluoride to ensure that the MCL promulgated in 1986 reflects
current levels of scientific and technical knowledge. In addition, the Agency
is coordinating with other Federal agencies to ensure the appropriate
incorporation of drinking water standards into their regulations and policies.
Agency staff are working with the Department of Housing and Urban Development
to incorporate the revised language and practices into their regulation of
Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgages.
The last samples for the National Pesticide Survey are being collected.
Plans for data analysis are being finalized. Analysis of toxicological data in
support of the' pesticide reregistration process continues in accordance with
the accelerated schedule of the 1988 Amendments to FIFRA.
4-20
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $12,146,100 supported by 76.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,567,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,578,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears include 76.7 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 0.1 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund.
The Agency proposed MCLGs and NPDWRs for 38 I/SOCs and promulgated the
microbiological NPDWRs and the Surface Water Treatment Rules. Specifically, the
Surface Water Treatment Rules revise the interim coliform MCL and establish
treatment requirements for public water systems with surface water sources. The
National Pesticide Survey sampled 840 public and private drinking water wells,
analyzing for an array of 127 compounds.
The program conducted a range of activities in support of other legislative
mandates. A testing protocol to detect the presence of radon was developed in
recognition of the hazards posed by radon contamination of drinking water. A
list of drinking water coolers containing lead was distributed and a guidance
document to assist States in determining the degree of lead contamination in
school drinking water was developed. Pesticide data review began in support of
the FIFRA reregistration process. Priority lists were developed in support of
FIFRA activities and coordinated to correspond to drinking water regulatory
activities.
DRINKING WATER IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,724,800 supported by 45.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,085,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,639,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $201,700 for Salaries
and Expenses and $935,700 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and no change
in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects additional efforts to promote voluntary compliance with wholesale
changes to drinking water regulations.
The responsibility for meeting the new challenges of the SDWA Amendments
rests with the states. A recent survey shows that states will need to spend an
additional $184 million through 1992 for start-up costs to implement new drinking
water standards and $152 million annually will be necessary thereafter to comply
with the regulations. The Agency will continue its coordinated effort to assist
the states in building water programs "capacity, including new demands for
drinking water protection. The Agency will work with states in developing
funding options such as fees, dedicated taxes, bonding, and state revolving funds
to support their drinking water programs.
EPA will also intensify its efforts to resolve the problems of small-
systems compliance through its ongoing mobilization initiative. Mobilization
fosuers action-oriented partnerships with all parties with any stake in safe
4-21 .
-------
drinking water. The goal is to expand upon state and Federal efforts in order
to realize the human health benefits expected from the 1986 SDWA Amendments.
Small systems are the principal implementation hurdle because they typically have
low revenues, high fees, poor financial capabilities and a lack of technical
knowledge. Over 90% of current violations are attributable to these systems.
EPA will work with national non-profit and private organizations to provide
technical and managerial assistance and training to owners and operators of these
systems. An important theme within this initiative will be to facilitate a
public-private partnership to promote simple and affordable treatment
technologies for use by small systems. A major task will be to educate the
public (especially those served by small systems) in drinking water issues to
increase readiness to pay for needed quality improvements. EPA will also target
educational efforts to local health officials who are most often involved in
local contamination problems. Finally, EPA will work with state and local
officials to address the broader issue of institutional change, creating new
mechanisms to deal with small systems more effectively. Together, EPA and other
parties will try new ways to ensure small-system viability, develop strategies
for full-cost pricing and simplify rate increase procedures.
EPA provides program direction for two national programs mandated by the
SDWA, Public Water System .Supervision (PWS) and Underground Injection Control
(UIC). Priorities will focus on facilitating state adoption of PWS program
requirements as new drinking water standards are promulgated and enabling states
to maintain the lead for implementation. In 1991 the focus will be on timely
state incorporation of the Surface Water Treatment and Total Coliform rules,
development of implementation plans for the lead and copper rules and adoption
of the chemical Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL). EPA will issue guidance on
various implementation issues as they arise. In the UIC program, technical
modifications to existing regulations covering mechanical integrity testing and
reporting requirements for Class II wells will be promulgated. Guidance on
financial responsibility for abandoned wells will be developed.
The Agency will continue implementation of the Shallow Injection Well
strategy which combines traditional regulatory efforts with innovative
approaches. The program will emphasize integration with the wellhead protection
program and with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program,
whose Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) will impact the injection
of hazardous waste. Outreach for assistance to Indian tribes will continue in
their efforts to qualify for primacy for the public water systems and underground
injection control programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,587,400 supported by 45.9
total workyears for this program of which $2,883,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,703,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Following promulgation of the revised State primacy regulations early
this year, the Agency is developing guidance that outlines the requirements
states must meet to maintain primacy. Guidance on variances and exemptions,
site-specific compliance decisions, and public notification are also being
developed. Outreach to owners and operators, national organizations and states
continues for the surface water treatment and total coliform rules. Guidance
4-22
-------
to support implementation of these specific rules is being developed. The review
of state program revision requests will be coordinated to ensure an expeditious
and uniform process. The Agency has held workshops for Regional personnel to
educate them on the technical and implementation issues of these new rules.
In 1990, the state program capacity initiative is targeting assistance
to ten states for development of their implementation strategies of the 1986
Amendments. These strategies include developing specific funding options
appropriate for each state and/or developing an effective communications strategy
to increase public knowledge of drinking water issues. The Agency is working
with the National Conference of State Legislatures on these issues. As
requested, contact will be made with individual state officials. A book of case
studies detailing successful creative funding solutions is being published and
disseminated.
In support of the needs of small systems, the Agency is sponsoring
several pilot projects designed to serve as possible models. These projects
include the formation of a cooperative of 11 mobile home park owners to share
services and achieve economies of scale from joint purchasing and a compliance
improvement project with state, county and state rural water association
participation. Six pilot projects are being funded by the private sector to
demonstrate affordable effective technologies appropriate for small systems. In
addition, outreach activities to establish an informed and supportive public on
drinking water issues is continuing. National Drinking Water Week participation
is being expanded with increasingly visible corporate sponsorship and additional
organizations.
The UIC program has undertaken a major mid-course evaluation of the key
control provisions for Class II wells. Revisions in process include regulations
to address construction practices for new injection wells; additional guidance
to address problem areas such as disposal practices at commercial facilities and
procedures for temporarily abandoned wells; and further studies of problems posed
by abandoned Class II wells. A regulatory modification to clarify the 1984 rule
in such areas as mechanical integrity testing and reporting requirements is being
proposed. The Agency is developing and implementing expanded regulatory controls
and guidance for high risk class V wells.
The Agency is continuing its outreach to Indian tribes; applications for
treatment as States and for development grants are being evaluated. A procedures
handbook for both the PWS and UIC programs is being developed to be used in
conjunction with workshops to inform tribes of primacy requirements and
determining if becoming a primacy agent is beneficial.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $5,594,900 supported by 41.3 total
workyears for this- program, of which $2,680,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,914,800 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Seventeen state primacy revision requests to implement the volatile
organic contaminant regulations were reviewed and seven were approved by EPA.
Several workshops and conferences on the surface water treatment and total
4-23
-------
coliform rules were conducted. A joint study with the Association of State
Drinking Water Administrators on the costs of implementing the SDWA amendments
was completed. As a result, the strategy to build state capacity was designed.
In the UIC program, a shallow well injection strategy was issued. A mid-
course evaluation of Class II injection wells and a study of state financial
responsibility practices were initiated.
A four state study on ensuring the future viability of new small water
systems was published. Publications on public notification, volatile organic
contaminants, and lead were distributed to states, organizations and the general
public. The first Indian tribe application for treatment as a State was approved
and the first development grant was awarded.
Self assessment manuals and a resource guide were published. These were
targeted toward mobile home pakrs systems, homeowner associations, and publicly
owned systems.
4-24
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control and $33,042.8 $39,822.2 $39,311.5 $47,450.0 $8,138.5
Compliance
TOTAL $33,042.8 $39,822.2 $39,311.5 $47,450.0 $8,138.5
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control and $10,120.3 $11,322.2 $11,177.8 $10,500.0 -$677.8
Compliance
TOTAL $10,120.3 $11,322.2 $11,177.8 $10,500.0 -$677.8
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control and $3,000.0 $4,430.5 $4,374.1 $1,000.0 -$3,374.1
Compliance
TOTAL $3,000.0 $4,430.5 $4,374.1 $1,000.0 -$3,374.1
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $46,163.1 $55,574.9 $54,863.4 $58,950.0 $4,086.6
Compliance
Drinking Water State TOTAL $46,163.1 $55,574.9 $54,863.4 $58,950.0 $4,086.6
Program Resource
Assistance
4-25
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $58,950,000 for. 1991, an increase of
$4,086,600 from 1990. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $47,450,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $8,138,500. The increase reflects additional program activities
resulting from the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments
of 1986. EPA Regions will continue to use allotments from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation for direct implementation of the PWS Supervision
program in non-primacy states and on Indian lands, including travel.
The Public Water System (PWS) program, at both the Federal and state level,
will implement expanded drinking water protection requirements. In order to meet
the new demands, the EPA and state programs will assume a new role of "marketing"
new requirements to seek maximum voluntary compliance. By working with the
drinking water community to educate and inform them about the new requirements,
EPA and the states will complement traditional compliance programs (which
themselves reflect a balance of risk-prevention measures, technical assistance
and enforcement deterrence). Emphasis will be placed on reaching the vast number
of small community and non-transient systems, the most troublesome PWSs with
respect to current compliance and those least capable of assimilating a multitude
of new requirements. Discounting any states losing or renouncing PWS primacy,
Wyoming will become the lone non-primacy state when Indiana assumes primacy in
1991.
Federal support for state implementation of national standards will be the
catalyst for even greater state program expansion. First, increased support to
states will leverage greater commitment from state authorities in the form of
higher state program budgets, innovative program funding and/or greater
regulatory program productivity. Second, these grants will support mobilization
and technology-transfer activities at the state level. An important element of
this effort will be state-initiated institutional innovations and compliance
tools, such as rules to ensure new systems are financially viable and measures
to help existing systems find the means to become self-sufficient (via
consolidation with larger systems). Finally, the grants will assist states in
maintaining compliance with existing program requirements while enforcing the
new requirements as they become effective.
1991 marks a turning point for state programs, confronting implementation
of the first major risk-reduction provisions. The states will begin to enforce
new microbiological monitoring requirements affecting all 200,000 PWSs
4-26
-------
nationwide. Systems will be responsible for increased monitoring in the event
of coliform detection and for compliance with a new MCL. Increased monitoring
will reduce the risk of infectious disease by providing a more accurate measure
of systems general microbiological contamination. However, the immediate effect
will likely be a larger number of initial violations. Concurrently, states will
be implementing the first elements of the surface water treatment rule (SwTR).
These include carrying out the task of reviewing 9200 individual surface-source
systems and prescribing treatment upgrades, specific treatment performance
requirements and compliance schedules. As a result, the risks of a waterborne
disease outbreaks will be reduced for 83 million people.
Finally, as the lead regulation becomes effective in late 1991, states will
be making the necessary changes to their regulatory authorities, working with
the 3200 largest systems to begin the process of monitoring lead concentrations
in water delivered to consumers and planning corrective action (e.g., instituting
corrosion control measures). States will continue to provide technical
assistance and training to schools, day care centers and non-residential
buildings to identify and remedy lead contaminated drinking water coolers.
Outreach and training activities will be conducted by the states on corrosion
control and lead ban requirements.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $39,311,500 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The grant program supports 54 state primacy programs, three EPA direct
implementation programs and programs on Indian lands. EPA Regions use allotments
for direct implementation of the PWS programs in non-primacy states and on Indian
lands, including travel. States and EPA are. engaged in implementing new and
revised standards to apply and enforce maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for
microbiological contaminants and the treatment techniques for surface water
systems. They are involved in enforcing an array of regulations including eight
volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) and certifying state laboratories for these
and forthcoming contaminants. Major activities also include the elimination of
lead-content plumbing supplies, remedying lead contaminated drinking water in
schools and implementation of a lead/corrosion control regulation. Indian tribal
authorities with certification for treatment as a state are eligible to
administer and enforce substantial elements of a PWS program and are also
eligible for PWS grants to develop such programs. Grant funds are used to
support EPA direct implementation activities, including travel.
Grants provide basic program operation such as laboratory certification,
on-site evaluations and technical assistance, laboratory analysis, sanitary
surveys, and compliance and enforcement actions. States and EPA assist
communities and systems with continuing incidence of contamination by toxic
chemicals and disease outbreaks. States take action against PWSs in violation
of regulations. Compliance/enforcement activities are targeted at all systems
in violations, with particular emphasis on eliminating all significant non-
compliers.
4-27
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $33,042,800 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The PWS grant program continued to support the primacy programs of 54
states and territories and EPA direct implementation program activities including
analytical services, sanitary surveys, training, disease surveillance, on-site
technical activities, and data management. Funds were also used to support EPA
direct implementation activities for the drinking water program, including travel
associated with these activities.
States supervised compliance with drinking water regulations, revised their
legal authorities to accommodate new MCLs, expanded state laboratory
certification capability, and provided assistance in monitoring for regulated
and unregulated contaminants. States continued the emphasis on system compliance
and took action against violations of drinking water standards. States began
implementing program changes to accommodate the new MCLs for microbiological
contaminants and their SWTR. Enforcement efforts continued on banning lead-
content plumbing materials. In addition, states began enforcement of the public
notification requirements and MCLs for VOCs. Indiana was awarded a start-up
grant to support the primacy-program development, with delegation expected in
early 1991. The first Indian tribe to qualify for treatment as a state received
a grant to develop a suitable PWS program for primacy designation.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $677,800 from 1990. The decrease reflects no further need to
federally support demonstration projects for control of Class V injection
practices.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) grants will support programs to protect
underground sources of drinking water (USDW) from contamination through
underground injection in all 57 states and territories, as well as on Indian
lands. Where states and Indian tribal authorities have failed to assume UIC
primacy, EPA will use grant allotments to support direct implementation of
Federal UIC requirements, including travel.
States and Regions will enhance their Class IV and V well efforts following
the Agency Shallow Injection Well Strategy. This strategy, combining traditional
regulatory efforts and innovative non-regulatory approaches to protect drinking
water sources and other critical ground waters, complements the Agency's Wellhead
Protection efforts. EPA's Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) rule
will have a major impact. Many wells that inject service station, industrial
process and radioactive disposal wastes will be reclassified into the banned
Class IV category. States will initiate immediate closure, remediation and
enforcement actions against these wells. States and Regions will assimilate the
4-28
-------
experience of completed and ongoing demonstration projects to promote innovative
state solutions and develop geographically tailored best management practices
for remaining Class V wells.
States and EPA Regions will continue to permit new Class I and Class II
wells and repermit Class I wells. States and Regions continue compliance reviews
to ensure that safeguards on all permitted or rule-authorized Class I, II, III,
or permitted Class V wells are comprehensively evaluated on a regular basis.
These compliance reviews replace the five-year cycle of file reviews. EPA and
state programs will implement revisions to existing UIC regulations and programs
for Class II wells based on the 1989-1990 mid-course evaluation. In addition,
EPA and the states will continue to observe on-site mechanical integrity tests,
inspect and review plugged and abandoned wells, review well records, and track
compliance with regulatory requirements and permit conditions.
Administrative orders (AOs) and/or legal actions will be initiated by state
programs against owners and operators in significant violation of UIC regulatory
requirements. This will include preparing public notification of violation and
intent to issue AOs, and conducting public hearings.
The grant funds will also support technical assistance to operators,
maintain well inventory data, and support regulatory changes to accommodate new
EPA requirements and guidelines. The Agency will provide grants to Indian tribes
working towards primacy, and will continue to implement the program on Indian
lands and in non-primacy states. The Agency may use a portion of the grant funds
for travel related to direct implementation activities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,177,800 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds support 35 full and five partial primacy programs to protect
USDWs from contamination through underground injection. EPA uses grants to
support direct implementation activities for 17 full non-primacy and five partial
non-primacy states and Indian lands. A top priority for EPA and the states
continues to be permitting of new Class II wells in order to expedite oil and
gas production and repermitting of hazardous waste Class I wells. Under existing
regulations such as the Agency's TCLP rule and newly issued guidance, EPA is
increasing efforts to bring enforcement and/or regulatory action against Class
IV and V wells which endanger USDWs serving public water supplies. A one million
dollar set-aside is funding demonstration projects selected to provide
information to support Class V regulatory and guidance development.
Grants also support surveillance and compliance activities. The programs
primary means of surveillance is through field inspections and the review of
reports submitted by operators. One important component is periodic testing of
the mechanical integrity of injection wells to demonstrate the absence of
contamination sources. Where violations are evident, appropriate enforcement
actions are being initiated.
4-29
-------
During 1990, Indian tribes that are eligible to assume primacy may apply
for grants to establish a UIC program. Activities include conducting an
inventory to determine the number and types of wells to be regulated and
establishing the framework for the permitting and enforcement programs.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $10,120,300 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Grants supported 35 full and five partial programs. EPA implemented 22
Federal programs supported in part by the grants. The states and EPA completed
8,977 permit determinations for new and existing wells and conducted evaluations
to determine if permit requirements were being met. In addition, 37,475
mechanical integrity tests were conducted to ensure the integrity of wells. The
states and EPA also focused on compliance activities through increased field
inspections and enforcement actions. Other activities included the review of
monitoring reports and maintenance of inventory data.
SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $3,374,100 from 1990. This decrease reflects the Agency's effort
to achieve maximum leverage with limited resources and the expectation that the
recipient organizations will secure additional funding through organizational
dues, training fees and other mechanisms.
This program supports rural water training and technical assistance to
rural water systems. Grassroots training and technical assistance will help
owners and operators of rural water systems achieve and maintain compliance with
the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) as mandated by the SDWA
Amendments. To help ensure the delivery of clean, safe drinking water by rural
water systems owner/operator training will address the operation and maintenance
of small water systems, and wells, distribution and disinfection procedures,
monitoring and reporting, record keeping, and water regulations. The goal is
to promote system compliance with the NPDWRs by enhancing the system's physical
infrastructure and ability to generate new revenue sources.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,374,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA is funding 35 independent, non-profit state associations covering 36
states through an agreement with the National Rural Water Association (NRWA).
These resources support technical assistance to rural water systems in such areas
as operations, maintenance, capitalization and management to promote compliance
4-30
-------
with the NPDWRs. To be eligible for a grant, state Rural Water Associations must
provide direct training and technical seminars to small systems owner/operators
and provide certification training in cooperation with state primacy programs.
In 1990, EPA is also funding six independent rural community assistance
programs through a grant to the NRCAP. Through site visits to rural communities,
personnel from these organizations will determine technical assistance needs and
develop appropriate educational programs to achieve the goal of improved
compliance.
In addition to supporting the NRWA and NRCAP programs, EPA is funding a
pilot program in which approximately ten states are being selected to develop
Drinking Water Compliance Assurance Plans. These comprehensive plans will
establish a framework in the state to maximize the effectiveness of all parties
involved with public water supply by developing action-oriented partnerships,
coordinating activities, and leveraging resources to promote public water system
compliance. EPA is continuing funding of state training centers to provide
drinking water technical assistance training and information directly to state
personnel.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,000,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The NRWA and its 35 state affiliates conducted a total of 542 technical
assistance and training programs including: 301 technical seminars; 154 technical
training sessions; 50 jointly sponsored specialized training sessions with other
state and Federal agencies; and 37 problem solving sessions. In addition, NRWA
affiliates provided a total of 13,346 hours of on-site technical assistance to
address individual rural water system problems related to compliance, operations
and maintenance, finance and management.
In 1989, EPA supported six RCAP organizations through a grant to the NRCAP.
These organizations helped to improve the management capabilities and financial
management of 60 small community drinking water systems in 13 states. RCAP
projects included an assistance program to help small systems apply for loans
and grants, a resource clearinghouse project to compile a manual of all available
funds within a state and the development of training information and manuals for
small water systems.
4-31
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Uater Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
Salaries & Expenses $5,098.7 $5,847.6 $6,122.4 $8,065.0 $1,942.6
Abatement Control and $5.0 $674.5 $665.9 $10.0 -$655.9
Cornpl iance
TOTAL $5,103.7 $6,522.1 $6,788.3 $8,075.0 $1,286.7
Underground Injection
Control Program
Salaries & Expenses $5,482.9 $5,989.7 $5,957.1 $7,260.0 $1,302.9
TOTAL $5,482.9 $5,989.7 $5,957.1 $7,260.0 $1,302.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $10,581.6 $11,837.3 $12,079.5 $15,325.0 $3,245.5
Abatement Control and $5.0 $674.5 $665.9 $10.0 -$655.9
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL $10,586.6 $12,511.8 $12,745.4 $15,335.0 $2,589.6
Management
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 108.3 135.3 126.3 161.3 35.0
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 128.6 145.2 137.2 145.2 8.0
Control Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 236.9 280.5 263.5 306.5 43.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 117.7 135.3 134.8 161.3 26.5
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 137.1 145.2 145.0 145.2 .2
Control Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS 254.8 280.5 279.8 306.5 26.7
4-32
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,335,000 supported by 306.3 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $2,589,600 and 26.7 total workyears from
1990. Of the request, $15,325,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $3,245,000 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 26.7 total workyears and a decrease of $655,900 for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,075,000 supported by 161.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,065,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,942,600 for Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $655,900 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and
an increase of 26.5 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses and
total workyears will ensure the successful delegation of new regulatory
requirements to the states. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects the completion of assistance to Camden, New Jersey and Crawford,
Nebraska in response to contamination incidents.
The Regions will continue to supervise the states in implementing the
greatly expanded new regulatory framework. In 1991, the states will begin
adopting inorganic and synthetic organic contaminant standards. Meanwhile,
Regional oversight of state activities will intensify as the program enters the
effective period established for the lead/copper rules, filtration/disinfection
requirements for surface water systems and revised microbiological contaminant
standards. EPA Regions will increase their participation with state counterparts
in implementing these high-impact rules, responding to unavoidable demands for
EPA involvement and technical assistance on a case-by-case basis. The Regions
will expand their laboratory certification program to encompass the full range
of regulated and unregulated toxic chemicals, radionuclides, pesticides and
microbiological parameters promulgated to date. Where Regions have direct
implementation responsibility, including most Indian lands, they will also assume
expanded duties.
Some states will experience difficulty in adopting the new provisions and
in maintaining primacy of their drinking water programs. Special assistance
efforts will be needed for these state programs to enhance implementation. For
example, Regions will be prepared to provide state assignees or IPAs to states
that need additional help in assimilating the new requirements. If some states
give up primacy, the Regions will need to devote resources to direct
implementation programs in those states.
4-33
-------
Regions will institute new programs to reach and work with the vast numbers
of small community and non-transient systems which exhibit the highest rates of
noncompliance. Regions will engage not only state governments but also seek to
reach local government and health officials to bring yet another influence to
bear in promoting advances in drinking water protection. The Regions will
implement training programs for trainers of state and local personnel, drinking
water associations and drinking water system operators. The Regions will also
begin to address the potential risks posed by private wells through this outreach
and information transfer program, using the materials and training to inform
owners of the risks of drinking water contamination and offer solutions to
problems faced by well owners. Finally, the Regional data management
responsibility will escalate as a result of increased systems compliance
requirements which the states must report.
The Regions will continue to provide states with technical assistance to
identify and remedy lead contaminated drinking water in schools, day care centers
and non-residential buildings. Pollution prevention efforts will include
outreach and training activities to ban lead content in plumbing supplies, to
control corrosion, and educate the public on lead hazards in drinking water.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,788,300 supported by 134.8
total workyears for this program, of which $6,122,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $665,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions seek to simultaneously implement a new, comprehensive level
of drinking water protection while improving compliance with current standards
and monitoring/reporting (M/R) requirements. To reach maximum voluntary
compliance with requirements, EPA and the states are required to assume a new
role of marketing program requirements. Traditional compliance programs will
continue to reflect a balance of preventive technical assistance and enforcement
deterrent. In addition, the Agency will mobilize the support of all parties with
a stake in safe drinking water. To this end, the Regions are participating in
initiatives to expand public education, support state efforts to build program
capacity, and reach and enlist support of local health officials and groups with
ties to "non-transient" systems. In addition, the Regions are promoting both
institutional and technological innovations to deal with the most intractable
compliance problems, which are among small systems.
State adoption of the legal and administrative authority to enforce a
series of new regulations is essential to attaining health risk reduction for
public water supplies. EPA Regions are working closely with the states in
updating a variety of authorities and practices and providing continued oversight
of adopted requirements including fluoride, volatile organic contaminants (VOCs),
public notification requirements, and prohibitions of lead-content plumbing
materials. States are in the process of adopting Maximum Contaminant Levels
(MCLs) for microbiological contaminants and filtration and disinfection
requirements for public water systems using surface water sources. As community
and "non-transient" water systems take on an extensive monitoring program for
both regulated and unregulated contaminants, the Regions are increasing their
programs for expanded laboratory certification.
4-34
-------
In response to drinking water contamination in Crawford, Nebraska, and
Camden, New Jersey, the respective EPA Regions are providing oversight and
technical assistance to clean up contaminated drinking water supplies. The
Regions are reviewing the first applications by Indian tribal authorities for
program primacy and program development grants. With the passage of the Lead
Contamination Control Act, the Regions are providing technical support to states
to test and remedy lead contaminated drinking water in schools.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,103,700 supported by 117.7
total workyears for this program of which $5,098,700 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1989, the Regions worked with states to begin adoption of the
surface water treatment rule and revised MCLs for microbiological contaminants.
Regions worked with primacy states to incorporate regulatory and monitoring
requirements needed to enforce the revised MCLs for VOCs and public notification
requirements. Efforts continued in overseeing the prohibition of lead-content
plumbing materials and enforcing the fluoride treatment rule.
The program continued to track state compliance monitoring to locate and
assist with problem systems and respond to contamination of supplies and
waterborne disease outbreaks. The Regions assisted states in adopting new
analytical techniques to meet additional laboratory certification requirements.
The program continued to provide oversight of basic state program operations and
conducted evaluations of state drinking water programs.
The Regions laid the basic groundwork for the process by which Indian
tribes could apply for primacy. A procedural handbook was developed for Indian
tribes interested in adopting a PWS primacy program. Significant assistance was
given to the State of Indiana in moving towards primacy; a start-up grant was
awarded to support primacy program development.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,260,000 supported by 145.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,302,900 and an increase of
0.2 in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
In 1991, EPA will continue to implement 22 Federal Underground Injection
Control (UIC) programs (17 full and 5 partial) in states and on Indian lands
which do not have primacy. Direct implementation activities will include making
permit determinations and ensuring compliance with permit conditions and other
regulatory requirements. A key objective continues to be more effective
compliance and enforcement through greater emphasis on field inspections and
surveillance.
-35
-------
In 1991, Regions will address Class V wells in accordance with the Shallow
Injection Well Strategy. This comprehensive strategy provides a systematic
approach for screening the diverse Class V universe and prescribing different
levels of regulatory controls. Injection into certain high-risk wells will be
banned as a result of revisions to the Hazardous Waste Toxic Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The remaining well groups will be targeted for action
based on the contamination risk posed by the wells. Information gained from the
Class V demonstration projects will aide in determining whether guidance or
regulatory revisions are the most effective method of control. Integration with
other programs, such as Wellhead Protection, and the use of other authorities,
e.g., the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), will maximize the total
environmental benefit.
The Agency will complete its five-year schedule for permitting Class II
wells within non-primacy jurisdictions. Regions will be implementing state-
specific revisions to compliance evaluation programs; these changes, derived
from the mid-course evaluation of Class II oil and gas wells, will impact such
areas as the use of cement records as a valid structural integrity test, well
construction practices, and the proper closure of abandoned wells. Other direct
implementation activities will include management of contracts and grants, data
management, and permit tracking.
EPA will be responsible for oversight of 35 full and 5 partial programs.
EPA will provide technical assistance to primacy states and ensure that the
programs continue to meet the minimum regulatory requirements. The Agency will
continue to review state-issued permits to ensure that Federal and state
requirements are met. In keeping with the Agency's pollution prevention
initiative, the Regions will continue to review Class I hazardous and non-
hazardous waste well permits. Other activities will include reviewing state
noncompliance reports, compiling annual report data, preparing state-specific
guidance documents and administering UIC state grants.
Regions will review applications from Indian tribes to determine their
qualifications for treatment as a state and their primacy eligibility. For
those Indian tribes applying for primacy, the Agency will provide guidance and
grant assistance.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,957,100 supported by 145.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Agency continues to implement Federal programs in 22 non-primacy states
(17 full and 5 partial) and on Indian lands. This work includes making permit
determinations and ensuring that well owners and operators adhere to permit
conditions and other regulatory requirements. Regions are implementing ambient
monitoring requirements for Class I injection wells, as required under the SDWA
Amendments of 1986. Regions are providing assistance to Indian tribes working
toward primacy.
EPA provides oversight and technical assistance to 35 full and 5 partial
primacy state programs. EPA evaluates state efforts to implement their UIC
programs and ensure that the minimum regulatory requirements are met. Regions
4-36
-------
continue to review Class I, II, III, or permitted Class V state-issued permits
to ensure consistency with Federally-approved state programs; these reviews will
help to ensure proper enforcement of permit conditions. Regions are also
negotiating state grant workplans. Class V activities such as inspections and
permitting are continued to reduce potential contamination of underground sources
of drinking water.
During 1990, the Agency is completing its mid-course evaluation of the
Class II regulatory provisions for mechanical integrity testing procedures,
monitoring, reporting and permitting requirements. Regions are overseeing and
implementing compliance review strategies to ensure that all permitted or rule-
authorized Class I, II, III, or permitted Class V wells receive comprehensive
technical/operational evaluations including field inspections on a regular basis.
These compliance reviews replace the five-year cycle of file reviews. Regions
continue to give permit determinations high priority. On-site inspections are
being conducted to ensure compliance with permit conditions. Other activities
include developing site-specific guidance, maintaining inventory data, and
preparing annual reports.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,482,900 supported by 137.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Agency implemented Federal programs in 22 states and on Indian lands.
Direct implementation activities focused on making permit determinations and
ensuring adherence to permit conditions and other regulatory requirements.
Regional activities in primacy states included general oversight and technical
assistance through the issuance of guidance documents and on-site assistance.
Through quarterly reporting data, the Regions reviewed state progress and took
necessary actions to ensure proper enforcement.
Regional and state experience in regulating Class II oil and gas wells
provided the basis for evaluation by EPA of key Class II wells control
provisions. Regions reviewed and revised Class V well inventories and assisted
the states in identifying and taking enforcement action against high risk Class
V wells and banned Class IV wells. Regions provided assistance to Indian tribes
working toward primacy as authorized by the SDWA Amendments.
-37
-------
DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ground-Water Protection
- FIFRA Fund
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,744.9 $4,342.0 $4,235.7 $5,233.4 $997.7
$3,906.7 $4,273.3 $4,212.7 $5,286.5 $1,073.8
TOTAL $7,651.6 $8,615.3 $8,448.4 $10,519.9 $2,071.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Ground-Water
Protection
$3,744.9 $4,342.0 $4,235.7 $5,233.4 $997.7
$3,906.7 $4,273.3 $4,212.7 $5,286.5 $1,073.8
TOTAL $7,651.6 $8,615.3 $8,448.4 $10,519.9 $2,071.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
- FIFRA Fund
72.1 91.3 89.2 101.3
12.1
'TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
72.1 91.3
89.2 101.3
12.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
- FIFRA Fund
TOTAL WORKYEARS
76.0 91.3 91.3 101.3 10.0
76.0 91.3 91.3 101.3 10.0
4-38
-------
DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,519,900 supported by 101.3 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $2,071,000 and 10.0 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $5,233,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $5,286,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $997,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $1,074,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The total workyear increase represents an increase
of 0.5 workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund
and 9.5 workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
GROUND-WATER PROTECTION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,519,900 supported by 101.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,233,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,286,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $997,700 for Salaries
and Expenses and $1,073,800 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, an increase
of 9.5 total workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a 0.5
increase in the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The
increases in Salaries and Expenses and workyears as well as Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflect the need for additional resources to assist states in
their comprehensive ground-water protection program efforts.
For 1991, EPA will enhance assistance to states in developing and
implementing ground-water protection activities that move the states beyond
protection strategies to comprehensive ground-water protection programs. The
Agency will assist states in such technical ground-water concerns as mapping of
aquifer systems, conducting resource assessments, developing source control
strategies, and determining vulnerability characteristics. EPA will also
institute measures to foster institutional capacity building, such as
coordination of state management and control activities with local governments
to engender effective implementation of comprehensive ground-water protection
programs. In addition, EPA will work with other Federal agencies to ensure
consistency and integration in Federal ground-water policies, regulations and
guidance.
In 1991, EPA will initiate analyses of major economic sectors in order to
identify and assess high risk sources of ground-water contamination that are not
currently regulated. Development and testing of best practices, e.g. siting
criteria, technical controls and management practices, to prevent ground-water
contamination from those unregulated sources found to be of greatest concern will
receive Agency support and oversight. Priority for developing and testing best
practices will focus on those contaminants frequently located in high risk areas,
such as wellhead protection areas (WHPAs). Furthermore, EPA will provide
4-39
-------
information and technical expertise to states and will undertake communications
efforts seeking adoption of best practices by institutions in each economic
sector.
The Agency will continue to assist states in their development of wellhead
protection (WHP) programs established in the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking
Water Act. This program, which addresses the prevention of contamination of
ground-water serving as public water supplies, is an essential component of a
state comprehensive ground-water protection program. In addition, EPA will
enhance and expand its efforts in WHP demonstration projects which will
concentrate on local issues related to the protection of wellhead areas.
During 1991, EPA will seek, test and refine additional environmental
indicators for ground-water protection. Other new initiatives will include the
establishment of an acquisition system, with the Office of Information Resources
Management, to provide states with commonly requested data currently retained
by other Federal agencies. EPA will update both a directory of ground-water
information systems and a catalogue of data-bases related to ground-water
protection. In addition to expanding its data collection efforts, the Agency
will strengthen its capacity to disseminate and promote the exchange of
information through the use of videos, pamphlets, workshops and conferences.
EPA will maintain its efforts in Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) designations.
The Agency will also continue to review projects financially assisted by the
Federal government on or near designated SSAs.
For activities related to the 1988 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act amendments, additional workyears will support hydrogeological
and related technical assistance in the pesticide registration process.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,448,400 supported by 91.3
workyears for this program, of which $4,235,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,212,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears include 90.8 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 0.5 from the Registration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund.
EPA is supporting state efforts in developing comprehensive ground-water
programs as a mechanism to provide the states with a framework to prioritize and
integrate their efforts to manage and control actual and potential sources of
contamination. Working with the Agency's pesticides program, the ground-water
protection program is assisting state water agencies in developing hydrogeologic
aspects of pesticides management plans which provide for protection methods
tailored to area-specific differences in ground-water vulnerability. These
pesticides management plans are an important aspect of a comprehensive approach
to the state in managing their ground-water resources.
The Agency is promoting prevention of ground-water contamination by
encouraging states to develop and implement wellhead protection (WHP) programs.
Support of WHP programs is a central feature of EPA ground-water protection
activities. EPA efforts to support WHP programs include assisting states in the
delineation of wellhead protection areas (WHPAs) and enhancing state capacity
4-40
/'
-------
to both address specific sources of contamination and develop appropriate risk
management strategies. Furthermore, EPA is initiating a demonstration program
with localities to encourage creative and unique approaches to information
management in WHPAs. The Agency is also reviewing, approving, commenting on,
and assisting states in revising WHP programs submitted during 1989.
The Agency is fully implementing efforts to ensure that EPA-related ground-
water protection projects collect a minimum set of data elements. Other
information management activities include the development of methods for
translating new and historical ground-water data into an automated form and the
continuation of enhancements to STORET and other EPA data-bases. The Agency is
enhancing and promoting the use of geographic information systems, particularly
in identifying the most critical sources of contamination in WHPAs, and is
providing workshops and seminars for state and local officials on the use of
these data management tools for ground-water protection.
EPA is responding to petitions for SSA designation and is reviewing Federal
financially assisted projects on or near a designated SSA.
EPA is providing needed expertise and technical assistance in the pesticide
registration process for new chemicals and/or new uses as mandated in the FIFRA
Amendments of 1988.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $7,651,600 supported by 76.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,744,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,906,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1989, the Agency provide support for states activities in developing
and adopting ground-water protection strategies. The Agency completed an
assessment of ground-water protection activities carried out by the states and
the extent of progress made nationally to achieve ground-water protection through
state efforts. Findings were presented at an EPA/state forum addressing the
states' capacity to undertake protection programs.
The Agency assisted states in the development of wellhead protection (WHP)
programs which mitigate the effects of actual and potential sources of
contamination of ground-water resources serving as public water supplies.
Assistance to states included technical guidance on the delineation of wellhead
protection areas (WHPAs), inventorying contamination sources, and providing
technical information on methods for protecting public water wells from a wide
variety of sources of contamination. In addition, the Agency received and
initiated review and approval processes on some 30 WHP programs submitted by the
states in accordance with the June 1989 statutory requirements.
In 1989, the Agency took a major step toward improving ground-water
information by requiring that all programs conducted by EPA or on the Agency's
behalf collect a minimum set of data elements when monitoring ground water.
The Agency designated additional SSAs in 1989. The number of designated
aquifers increased to a total of 52 nationwide by the end of the year.
4-41
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING WATER
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement 4-42
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $3,411.0 $3,534.4 $3,817.6 $5,000.0 $1,182.4
TOTAL $3,411.0 $3,534.4 $3,817.6 $5,000.0 $1,182.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $3,411.0 $3,534.4 $3,817.6 $5,000.0 $1,182.4
Drinking Water TOTAL $3,411.0 $3,534.4 $3,817.6 $5,000.0 $1,182.4
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Drinking Water 75.3 90.0 84.3 100.0 15.7
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 75.3 90.0 84.3 100.0 15.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Drinking Water 81.0 90.0 90.0 100.0 10.0
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 81.0 90.0 90.0 100.0 10.0
4-42
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,000,000 supported by 100.0 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $1,182,400 and 10.0 workyears from 1990. All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,182,400.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,000,000 supported by 100.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,182,400 and 10.0 total
workyears. These increases will bolster regional drinking water enforcement
efforts to limit the increase of new violations from new chemical and
microbiological regulatory requirements.
Effective enforcement will remain the linchpin of EPA's efforts to
implement a new, comprehensive level of drinking water protection mandated by
the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The presence of a credible enforcement
deterrent will work to secure the utmost level of voluntary compliance among
Public Water Systems (PWSs). In 1991, enforcement priorities will be transformed
by the advent of new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) for two
"high risk" contaminants, namely pathogenic microorganisms and lead. While
ultimately reducing substantial health risks, the immediate effect of the
regulatory changes is likely to be large numbers of violations. A larger Federal
enforcement presence in 1991, combined with vigorous EPA/state mobilization
efforts to "market" the new requirements, will maximize voluntary compliance.
At the same time, 1991 enforcement priorities will be affected by a growing
number of serious violations of volatile organic contaminant standards and
revised public notice requirements. For the former, 1991 is the deadline for
60,000 small community and non-transient systems to measure their initial
compliance status.
In response to the rising tide of new kinds of violations, EPA will
establish enforcement priorities on the basis of maximum health-risk payoff.
In 1991, EPA will apply a new definition of Significant Non-Compliance (SNC) to
assign enforcement priorities among the mix of new and existing standards. Based
upon the risk-reduction principles reflected in the current SNC criteria, EPA's
new priority scheme will expand enforcement priorities by more clearly defining
categories less than "significant" but of serious concern. This gives the
Regions and PWS primacy states more flexibility in defining priorities, and
therefore enforcement programs can deal more effectively with the influx of new
violations. Regions will continue to conduct Administrative Order (AO) hearings
and assess penalties for AO noncompliance in conjunction with Regional Counsel.
4-43
-------
In the area of Underground Injection Control (UIC) enforcement, EPA will
continue to target Class IV and V injection practices identified as posing a
substantial threat to underground sources of drinking water (USDW). Class IV
wells that pose a threat to USDWs, particularly those which were reclassified
according to the recent Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) amendments
to the RCRA regulations, will be the UIC enforcement priority. In addition,
Regional enforcement actions against Class I well operators (waste-disposal
injections) will be initiated if they fail to apply for a permit, test for well
mechanical integrity, or provide monitoring reports.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,817,600 supported by 90.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1990, EPA is targeting the most serious NPDWR violators, initiating
Federal action on all systems in SNC that the states have failed to either bring
into compliance or to enforce themselves. As a follow up to the enforcement
program reviews conducted in 1989, Headquarters is compiling a national report
summarizing findings and recommending across-the-board changes in EPA's PWS
enforcement efforts. Regions are instituting a regular process of consultation
with all PWS primary states on enforcement activities and the need for Federal
action. Regions are also working with all primacy states to institute risk-
based enforcement strategies using escalating responses geared to the severity
and recalcitrance of the non-compliance. EPA will institute and promote
organizational reforms among states to increase the prominence of PWS efforts.
EPA is also currently re-defining its definition of high-risk NPDWR violations,
which in turn designates systems in SNC. The re-definition, a joint
Headquarters-Regional effort, will take into account violations by non-transient
PWSs. The comprehensive reviews of PWS enforcement have also highlighted
opportunities for EPA to improve internal data management procedures for faster,
more accurate tracking of priority non-compliance and EPA/state response.
Headquarters is developing better guidance on reporting categories and revised
verification procedures. Regions will, in turn, devote closer attention to state
responses to non-compliance.
UIC enforcement focuses on injectors' regular testing for mechanical
integrity and compliance with permit requirements for Class II, III and V wells.
The monitoring of Class I disposal wells continues in order to ensure protection
of USDWs. Enforcement actions against owners/operators in serious violation will
help reduce some of the most substantial health threats to human health and the
environment as well as set examples for other well operators to follow.
Continued emphasis is on addressing and remedying Class IV and V injection
practices identified as posing substantial threats to USDWs.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,411,000 supported by 81.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Regions continued to issue AOs against violators of PWS and UIC program
requirements in order to achieve compliance with regulations and standards set
4-44
-------
by the Agency. Significant non-compilers remained the enforcement priority
although other violators were pursued. Where state action failed to remedy a
violation, EPA issued AOs or initiated court action. EPA implemented the new
AO compliance tracking system designed to provide information on the status of
AOs and the actions taken to return violators to compliance. The Regions
assisted Regional Counsels in documenting violations which required new and more
stringent enforcement actions and participated in activities related to civil
enforcement referral to the Department of Justice.
Less than two percent of community water systems were in SNC with
microbiological or turbidity MCLs and/or monitoring and reporting (M/R)
requirements and/or total trihalomethane M/R requirements. Approximately 18
percent of community water systems reported some violations with nearly 78
percent of those being M/R violations. The remaining 78 percent of community
water systems were in full compliance.
The Regions issued 122 final AOs for UIC violations and 242 enforcement
actions against PWS violators.
4-45
-------
5. HAZARDOUS
WASTE
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE 5-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-7
Scientific Assessment 5-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance . 5-15
Health Effects 5-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 5-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 5-20
Technical Information and Liaison 5-21
Integrated Hazardous Waste.Research 5-22
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-23
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 5-25
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation . . . 5-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 5-28
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-30
Financial Assistance 5-33
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States ... 5-34
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 5-36
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation . 5-38
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-42
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-45
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $74,619.6 $79,193.2 $78,044.1 $96,203.4 $18,159.3
Abatement Control and $159,121.0 $163,389.8 $160,938.2 $194,599.5 $33,661.3
Compliance
Research & Development $28,897.8 $31,204.5 $30,313.7 $26,341.2 -$3,972.5
TOTAL, Hazardous Waste $262,638.4 $273,787.5 $269,296.0 $317,144.1 $47,848.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 1,372.2 1,523.0 1.432.9 1,634.7 201.8
TOTAL WORICYEARS 1,452.3 1,523.0 1,490.1 1,634.7 144.6
OUTLAYS $253.744.5 $264,578.8 $263.380.1 $307,477.6 $44.097.5
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended expired on
November 8, 1988. Reauthorization is pending.
5-1
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, as revised by
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, provides the legislative
mandate for a nationwide program to protect human health and the environment from
the risks of improper management of hazardous and solid wastes. The goals of
the Act are: to ensure adequate and safe treatment of hazardous waste through
its management from generation through disposal; to ensure adequate and safe
management and disposal capacity for solid wastes; and to prevent and detect
leakage from underground storage tanks (USTs).
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, establishes a framework
for identification of hazardous chemicals present in communities. This program
provides for development of state and local response plans to prevent, protect
and inform the public in the event of a chemical release emergency.
The demands on and expectations for EPA's waste management programs
continue to rise. During the early 1970's, program direction emphasized
identifying and controlling solid waste. The late 1970's and 1980's saw the
refinement and expansion of this direction to include "cradle to grave"
management of hazardous wastes and states' implementation of Federally-authorized
national management standards. In the 1990's, the Agency must increasingly
address problems associated with the expanding universes of wastes produced by
a growing national economy, including municipal solid waste, medical waste,
special large-volume wastes and industrial solid waste. EPA must also continue
its work to complete the remaining protective mandates of HSWA hazardous waste
requirements, many of which may be subject to new deadlines as a result of
citizen suits brought in Federal court.
The Agency's strategy to address these demands and expectations is to:
(1) strengthen state relationships by leveraging permitting and enforcement
resources to improve hazardous waste program implementation; (2) develop new,
and revise existing regulations to address continually evolving program
directions; and (3) conduct research, encourage technology development and
transfer, and establish outreach programs to provide the scientific program
foundation, national information network and public communications capability
necessary to successfully conduct a national waste management program.
Leveraging a National Regulatory Program Through the States
The Agency recognizes the essential role of the states in developing,
implementing and enforcing a national waste management program, and is providing
significant increases in resources to assist the states in fulfilling their
growing responsibilities. Success in managing the expanding universe of
hazardous, solid, municipal, medical and special wastes depends on a strong
Federal/state partnership. The Agency and the states will jointly examine
existing state authorities to determine changes necessary to meet national
5-2
-------
hazardous waste program requirements. EPA Regions will assist the states in
upgrading their program capabilities to meet new and modified Federal standards.
The States will continue to develop legislation and regulations to incorporate
HSWA provisions and new and revised requirements into their programs.
The permitting program is the backbone of the national hazardous waste
management system, upon which depends our ultimate success in achieving the
legislative direction envisioned in HSWA -- the protection of our health and
environment from the risks of ill-managed wastes. The permitting program will
respond to the statutory mandate to issue permits to all operating and closing
hazardous waste management facilities. The Agency will increase state resources
to make significant progress toward meeting the 1992 storage and treatment
facility permitting deadline and will process post-closure permits for land
disposal facilities. The Agency and states will continue to modify permits as
necessary to address changing regulations, new corrective action provisions, and
changes to facility design and practices.
The Agency's concentration on meeting the mandated permitting deadlines
and EPA's recent use of corrective action order authorities, have created a
rapidly expanding universe of facilities where corrective action requirements
have been imposed. The Agency will encourage the states, through HSWA
authorization and increased resources targeted in cooperative agreements, to
assume the lead for approximately fifty percent of corrective action oversight.
EPA will continue to oversee owner/operators' corrective action activities and
will tailor its facility oversight to ensure effective owner/operator response.
Community outreach activities will maintain continued, informed public
involvement in the process of correcting problems at our Nation's hazardous waste
facilities.
In 1990 the states assumed the lead in many mandated inspection and
enforcement activities -- conducting inspections of Federal and local facilities
and follow-up enforcement, which better balanced the state/EPA workload. As new
wastes are brought into the regulatory universe -- mixed waste, mining waste,
hazardous waste fuel rule, organic toxicity characteristic --a higher level of
state inspection and enforcement activity will be necessary to ensure continued
industry compliance. The Agency is increasing state resources for this higher
level of state enforcement activity.
Emphasis on non-hazardous waste management activities will continue as
Regions and states work to implement revised municipal waste management criteria,
and to support the increased national attention to municipal waste recycling and
source reduction. The Regions will provide project-specific financial assistance
to develop a strong and consistent national effort to attain municipal waste
management and reduction goals established in the Agency's Agenda for Action.
In the UST program, the Agency and states will identify and develop common
solutions to program implementation problems, which can be applied to improve
performance in many state programs. The Agency will develop and test processes
for states' use in promoting compliance with and enforcing new UST leak
detection, corrective action and financial responsibility requirements. The
Agency will ensure that states incorporate these new requirements and will
increase prevention program financial assistance.
5-3
-------
As the states and local communities move from developing to implementing
emergency response plans under the Title III program, the Agency will assist
states in developing their capability to enforce the emergency planning and
chemical storage and release notification requirements. National guidance,
technical assistance and training will highlight enforcement targeting mechanisms
and development of the case referral process through state legal systems.
Sustaining a Responsive National Regulatory Program
The hazardous waste regulatory program must continue its work to complete
the remaining requirements mandated in HSWA, responding to existing statutory
and new court-ordered deadlines. The national program must also respond to the
concerns of an increasingly aware and informed public, which expects Agency
action on a growing universe of waste management facilities in such diverse areas
as municipal solid waste, medical waste and special large volume wastes.
Implementing the legislative intent to identify and bring under management
those wastes considered hazardous, the Agency will perform preliminary listing
studies and develop regulations to list as hazardous the specific wastes named
in HSWA. Also, the Agency will develop the double liner and the hazardous waste
leak detection rules to address concerns over the ability of hazardous waste
facilities to safely and effectively manage the Nation's hazardous waste. In
this regard, Headquarters will prepare technical updates for minimum technology
requirements. The Agency will begin development of treatment standards for those
wastes listed as hazardous since the enactment of HSWA. The Agency will
implement the land disposal restrictions program by processing treatment capacity
and no migration petitions. These regulatory efforts will substantially address
major HSWA protective mandates to study, identify, list, restrict disposal and
manage certain wastes as hazardous.
The Agency will proceed with its efforts to address emerging solid waste
management issues of national concern by serving as a technical clearinghouse
for municipal solid waste management information, options and guidelines. The
Agency will continue to address municipal solid waste source reduction and
recycling programs recommended in the Agenda for Action on solid waste. These
efforts will include establishing volume and toxicity reduction goals as well
as encouraging the initiation of source reduction and recycling programs to meet
various state and local needs. Finally, the Agency will expand its municipal
solid waste program to address methods for safely and effectively managing
municipal waste combustion ash.
The Agency will respond to management concerns in its special waste program
by promulgating rules for oil and gas waste and mining waste and will issue a
regulatory determination on exempt mineral processing wastes. The Agency will
implement the medical waste rule and will complete a required report to Congress
on the medical waste demonstration program. Also, the Agency will issue mixed
wastes guidance and rules, and conduct a regulatory determination on cement kiln
dust. In the international arena, the Agency will review its hazardous waste
export program rules to ensure proper disposition of hazardous waste abroad.
Prevention of pollution and minimization of hazardous and solid waste is
a national priority into the 1990's. The Agency will promote pollution
prevention through specific initiatives, such as encouraging the use of re-mining
techniques at abandoned or inactive mine tailing sites. Significant Agency
5-4
-------
efforts will be devoted to enhancing outreach and education programs for
encouraging industrial source reduction and market-based recycling. Headquarters
will reexamine its policies, guidances and regulations and will promote pollution
prevention in its permit activities. The UST program will continue its mission
to prevent pollution of surface and groundwater due to the leaking of underground
storage tanks.
Supporting the Regulatory Program Through Research. Technology Transfer and
Public Participation
The research program provides the scientific and technical information
and data necessary to support the development of hazardous waste regulations
and implementation. Scientific information on the prevention, health risk,
monitoring and environmental processes associated with hazardous waste, from
generation to disposal, is provided to state and local government, private
industry and other decision-makers.
The Agency will conduct research in several areas: alternate technologies,
waste characterization and identification, land disposal, incineration, quality
assurance, releases, and municipal solid waste. The Agency will provide
technology transfer of its research findings to encourage implementation of
improved methods and practices. Additional research will be conducted on
municipal solid waste, specifically in the area of source reduction. Municipal
Solid Waste Research includes the MITE (Municipal Innovative Technology
Evaluation) program, which provides demonstration and evaluation of new
technologies.
Increased resources will be provided for on-line activation of the RCRA
Information System in a number of pilot states. This system will enable the
Agency, Regions and the states to better monitor facility progress and identify
national, Regional or state trends in hazardous waste management. This improved
data collection system will provide the national basis for evaluation of the
effectiveness of waste management regulations and development of regulatory
improvements.
Utilizing the Private Sector for Essential Consulting Services
The Agency requires private consultants to perform essential support
services for which it either does not or is not economically effective to possess
the expert, specialized personnel resources, or which are time-critical. The
Agency will utilize the expert advisory, research, analytical and assistance
services of consultants for development of regulatory impact analyses, for other
specialized technical support in developing highly complex regulations, national
guidance documents, for functionally specialized technical assistance required
for program implementation, and for the development of comprehensive information
management systems.
5-5
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
CURRENT
INCREASE (+)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Regulations
RCRA Standards
Effl. Gdlns. Data Summary
Proposals
Promulgations
UIC Petition Reviews . . .
Implementation
Guidance Documents . . . .
Reports to Congress . . . .
State Authorization (cum.)
Base Program . . . .
HSWA Cluster I . . .
Final Permit Determinations
and Closures (Cumulative) . .
Ongoing Permit Processing
UIC Permit Revisions . . .
Enforcement and
Corrective Actions
Inspections ...
Administrative
Orders
Civil Litigation . .
Criminal
Litigation
ACTUAL
1989
25
*
14
11
40
25
3
45
4
2,251
355
75
13,182
1,227
187
103
ESTIMATE
1990
43
15
26
17
35
15
5
48
34
2,647
361
75
12,870
1,291
156
104
ESTIMATE
1991
26
3
16
10
40
11
3
52
45
2,797
1,005
75
13,382
1,291
156
132
DECREASE (-)
1991 VS 1990
-17
-12
-10
-7
+5
-4
-2
+4
+11
+150
+644
0
+512
0
0
+28
Corrective Action
Facility
Assessments . . .
Monitoring of
Corrective Action
Activities . . .
174
121
107
280
107
402
+122
POTW Corrective
Measures . . .
* Outputs for the Office of Water's Hazardous Waste regulatory
activities are not available for 1989.
development
5-6
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research 5-7
Scientific Assessment 5-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 5-15
Health Effects 5-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 5-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 5-20
Technical Information and Liaison .... 5-21
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research 5-22
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Uaste Research
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Uaste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$1,124.4
$2,235.9
$3,360.3
$1,069.6
$1,659.7
$2,729.3
$1,040.9
$1,604.2
$2,645.1
$1,222.1
$1,648.0
$2,870.1
$181.2
$43.8
$225.0
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Uaste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$3,983.1 $3,301.7 $3,257.2 $3,503.6
$8,044.1 $8,478.0 $8,250.5 $6,784.2
TOTAL $12,027.2 $11,779.7 $11,507.7 $10,287.8
Health Effects -
Hazardous Uaste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$660.3
$474.8
$1,135.1
$667.6
$837.0
$1,504.6
$641.6
$807.4
$1,449.0
$960.9
$829.5
$1,790.4
$246.4
-$1,466.3
-$1.219.9
$319.3
$22.1
$341.4
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Uaste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$5,366.5 $5,315.2 $5,179.9 $5,570.3 $390.4
$11,222.7 $14,092.8 $13,639.5 $12,426.4 -$1,213.1
TOTAL $16,589.2 $19,408.0 $18,819.4 $17,996.7 -$822.7
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Uaste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information
and Liaison - Hazardous
Uaste
Research & Development
TOTAL
$3,453.0
$4,420.3
$7,873.3
$3,366.5
$3,675.7
$7,042.2
$3,305.0
$3,577.0
$6,882.0
$3,569.4
$3,653.1
$7,222.5
$1,000.0
$1,000.0
$264.4
$76.1
$340.5
$1,000.0
$1,000.0
Integrated Hazardous
Uaste Research
Research & Development
TOTAL
$2,500.0
$2,500.0
$2,461.3
$2,461.3
$2,435.1
$2,435.1
-$2,435.1
-$2,435.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Hazardous Uaste
Research
$14,587.3 $13,720.6 $13,424.6 $14,826.3 $1,401.7
$28,897.8 $31.204.5 $30,313.7 $26,341.2 -$3,972.5
TOTAL $43,485.1 $44,925.1 $43,738.3 $41,167.5 -$2,570.8
5-7
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
12:6 17.4
17.1
48.7
11.3
87.9
47.5 47.5
12.0
89.8 83.7
17.1
47.5
11.6 11.6
84.9
51.5 52.0 51.7 50.0
212.0 218.7 211.6 211.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
-1.7
-.5
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14.8 17.4
17.1
17.1
52.4 47.5 47.5 47.5
11.8 12.0
93.0
11.6
89.8 83.7
11.6
84.9
53.3 52.0 51.7 50.0
225.3 218.7 211.6 211.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
-1.7
-.5
5-8
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternate Technologies
1991: o Pollution Prevention Case Studies (Engineering)
o Technical Report on Clean Products Studies and Demonstrations
(Engineering)
1990: o Waste Minimization Guidance Manuals for Seven Industries (Engineering)
o Technical Report on the Summary of Waste Minimization Evaluations
supported by the USEPA (Engineering)
o Report to Congress on Pollution Prevention Research (Engineering)
1989: o Technical Resource Document on the Minimization and Control of
Hazardous Waste Combustion By-Products (Engineering)
Objective 2: Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk
Assessments
1991: o 50-60 Health and Environmental Effect Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Approximately 30 Subchronic Testing Protocols for RCRA Chemicals (Sci.
Assessment)
o Technical Support Documents for 20-30 RCRA Site-Specific Assessments
e.g., Petitions, ACLs, etc. (Sci. Assessment)
o User's Manual for Two-Dimensional Multiphase Transport Model (Environ.
Processes)
o Report on Nitrate Subsurface Contamination Studies (Environ.
Processes)
o Report on Methods for Handling Spatial Variability to Subsurface
Environments (Environ. Processes)
1990: o Report on Field Evaluation of Unsaturated Zone Model (Environ.
Processes)
o Report on Site Specific Multimedia Modeling for Ranking Closure
Options at RCRA Land Disposal Operations (Environ. Processes) I
o Report on Evaluation of Selected Plants as Cover Crops for HW/SF Sites
(Environ. Processes)
'£;
5-9
-------
o Beta Test Model of Risk Assistant Expert System (Sci. Assessment)
o Careinogenieity Profiles for Third Portion of Land Disposal Ban (Sci.
Assessment)
o 50-60 Health and Environmental Effect Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Approximately 30 Subchronic Testing Protocols for RCRA Chemicals (Sci.
Assessment)
o Technical Support Documents for 20-30 RCRA Site-Specific Assessments -
e.g., Petitions, ACLs, etc. (Sci. Assessment)
1989: o Exposure Factors Handbook (Sci. Assessment)
o 50-60 Health and Environmental Effect Documents (Sci. Assessment)
o Approximately 30 Subchronic Testing Protocols for RCRA Chemicals (Sci.
Assessment)
o Technical Support Documents for 20-30 RCRA Site-Specific Assessments -
e.g., Petitions, ACLs, etc. (Sci. Assessment)
o Report on Quantification of Prediction Uncertainty Associated with
Surface Water Quality Models (Sci. Assessment)
o Test and Update PC Module for Cure Data Base ( Sci. Assessment)
o Prototype of Risk Assistant Expert System for Exposure/Risk Assessment
at Specific Sites (Jointly Funded, Hazardous Waste and Superfund)
(Sci. Assessment)
o Report on Evaluation of Source Term Initial Conditions for Modeling
Leachate Migration from Landfills (Environ. Processes)
o Report on Reliability of Ground-Water Solute Transport Models and
Application of Stochastic Theories to Predict Dispersion (Environ.
Processes)
o Report on Treatability Potential for EPA Listed Hazardous Wastes in
Soils (Environ. Processes)
Objective 3: Conduct Assessment and Control Research to Control Dioxin
1990: o Report: Kinetics and Toxicity Studies in Monkeys Exposed to TCDD
(Sci. Assessment)
1989: o Reports on Soil Ingestion Study, and Estimation of Soil Ingestion in
Children and Adults (Scientific Assessment)
o Report on Plant Uptake of Dioxin (Envir. Processes)
o Photodegradation Evaluation of Dioxin in Soils (Envir. Processes)
5-10
-------
Objective 4:
1991: o
1990: o
1989: o
Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes
Application of Borehole Geophysics in Waste Site Monitoring
(Monitoring)
Report on Research Statistics, Geostatistics, and Chemometries
(Monitoring)
Development of Automated Expert Systems for Determining Location
Standards for Subtitle-D Facilities in Wet Environments (Monitor.)
Objective 5:
Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Land Disposal
Regulations
1990: o Guidance Documents on the Design and Operation of Landfills and
Surface Impoundments (Engineering)
Objective 6:
1991: o
1990: o
1989: o
Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration
Regulations
Report on Pilot-Scale Testing done at the IRF (Engineering)
Reports on OSW Methodology for Multi-Media Risk Assessment for
Municipal Waste Combustors (Sci. Assessment)
Document Evaluating the Mutagenicity of Particle
Bound Organics found in Incinerator Emissions (Health)
Technical Resource Document on Minimization and Control of Hazardous
Waste Combustion By-Products (Engineering)
Report on EPA/Environment Canada; RDF Combustion Technology,
Environmental Characterization Mid-Connecticut Resource Recovery
Facility (Engineering)
Report on Phase I of Site-Specific Risk Assessment at Rutland, VT
(Sci. Assessment)
Engineering Assessment Report on Hazardous Waste Co-Firing in
Industrial Boilers under Nonsteady Operating Conditions (Engineering)
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment (Engineering)
Objective 7:
1991: o
Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program
Comprehensive Soil Sample Preparation Manual for Volatile Organics
(Monitoring)
5-11
-------
o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals (monitoring)
1990: o Summary Report on Quality Assurance Support Including Development of
Quality Assurance Materials for Unconventional Matrices (Monitoring)
o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals (Monitoring)
1989: o Annual Report on Quality Control Samples for RCRA Appendix VIII
Chemicals (Monitoring)
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases
1991: o Final Report on Evaluation of Volumetric Leak Detection for Chemical
USTs (Engineering)
o Final Report on Internal Inspection Protocol and Validation
(Engineering)
1990: o Guide for Field Screening of Underground Storage Tanks (Monitoring)
o Report the State of the Art on Internal Tank Inspection Equipment
and Procedures (Engineering)
o Report on Processes Affecting Aquifer Remediation by Pumping (Environ.
Processes)
1989: o Protocol for Evaluating Pipeline Leak Detection Systems (Engineering)
o Report on In-Situ Bioremediation of Spills from Underground Storage
Tanks (Environ. Processes)
Objective 9: Conduct Research on Municipal Solid Waste
1991: o Site-Specific Risk Assessments for Municipal Waste Combustors (Sci.
Assessment)
o Strategy Document for Research on Pharmokinetic Principles for Solid
Wastes (Health)
1990: o Program existed but outputs were described in other Hazardous Waste
Research media objection
1989: o Program existed but outputs were described in other Hazardous Waste
Research media objection
5-12
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $41,167,500 supported by 211.1 total
workyears for 1991, a decrease of $2,570,800 and a decrease of 0.5 total workyears
from 1990. Of the request, $14,826,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $26,341,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. There is an increase of $1,401,700 in Salaries & Expenses and a
decrease of $3,972,500 in Research & Development.
Program Objectives
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to identify and manage wastes which pose a substantial hazard to human
health or the environment. RCRA also requires the promulgation of standards
related to Underground Storage Tank systems for both chemicals and petroleum
products. Section 311 of the Clean Water Act also mandates some of the research
conducted under this program, specifically the hazardous material release efforts.
Objective 1: Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies.
Research supporting implemention of RCRA provisions that require the banning of
highly hazardous wastes from land disposal. The effectiveness of treatment
alternatives and waste altering processes is being evaluated and performance
parameters established. Development of technologies to minimize waste is a
component of this objective.
Objective 2: Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk
Assessments. Research provides more applicable, less expensive, simpler, and more
accurate risk assessment methodologies, as well as actual risk assessments for
decision making.
Objective 3: Conduct Assessment and Control Research to Address Dioxin.
Research evaluated the potential for human health effects from dioxin in the
environment.
Objective 4: Develop Procedures to Characterize Chemicals in Wastes.
Research develops and validates the analytical procedures and techniques required
to characterize wastes for Sections 3001 and 3013 of RCRA. These are used for
listing and other regulatory decisions made by the Office of Solid Waste.
Objective 5: Develop Data to Support the Land Disposal Regulations.
Research supports permitting of land disposal and land treatment facilities, and
for improvements in operation and design requirements. --
Objective 6: Develop Data to Support the Incineration Regulations.
Laboratory, pilot and full-scale incineration units are being investigated to
determine the performance of, and health effects associated with, a range of
thermal treatment devices. Results are used by permitting officials to evaluate
permit requests and to monitor compliance with performance requirements.
Evaluations of municipal waste combustion processes are conducted.
5-13
-------
Objective 7: Provide Quality Assurance Support. A quality assurance
program is being conducted to provide a scientific data base of known quality to
support RCRA regulatory activities. The program includes a repository of
calibration standards, reference materials, and on-site evaluations of contractor
laboratories.
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases.
Research addresses requirements established by Section 311 of the Clean Water Act
(CWA) and RCRA's Underground Storage Tank (UST) program. Research supporting
these programs assesses the most cost-effective technology and scientific
techniques available to prevent and control releases of hazardous substances.
Objective 9: Conduct Research on Municipal Solid Waste. The Municipal
Innovative Technology Evaluation (MITE) program evaluates new technologies to
treat and minimize the volume and effects of municipal solid waste. Municipal
waste combustion processes are evaluated. Health risk from combustion emissions
and residues are investigated. An expert system is being assembled for use in
evaluating Subtitle-D facility locations.
Objective 10: Technical Information and Liaison. Technological findings
are transferred to State and local governments and private industry.
Objective 11: Conduct Research for Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to -Know. Research will support the implementation of Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) on Community Planning and
Emergency Right-to-Know. Efforts will focus on development of process measurement
and monitoring techniques for prevention of accidental and chronic releases in
an effort to help state and local governments, planning authorities, industry and
private citizens assess and respond to risks posed by hazardous substance
releases.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,870,100 supported by 17.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,222,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,648,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1990 of $181,200 for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation due to increased personnel and support costs. The
increase from 1990 in the Research and Development appropriation is $43,800.
Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments.
Health and environmental effects documents, reference doses, carcinogenicity
profiles and technical evaluations will be provided to support the RCRA listing,
permitting and land disposal restriction programs. Work will continue on
improving microcomputer assisted risk assessment tools.
Conduct Research on Municipal Solid Waste. Risk assessment on specific
waste combustors will be conducted, using the methodology developed in 1990. A
report on the comparative risk assessment of municipal waste combustors as
compared to other waste treatment technologies will be completed.
1990 Program
5-14
-------
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,645,100 supported by 17.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,040,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,604,200 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1990, the program is emphasizing the development and evaluation of tests
and procedures for conducting risk assessments. Health and Environmental Effects
Documents, Reference Doses, and technical evaluations are provided to support the
RCRA listing, permitting and land disposal restriction programs. Microcomputer-
assisted risk assessment tools are being further developed.
To support the incineration regulations, a comprehensive risk assessment
methodology is being provided to the Office of Solid Waste for a multi-media
assessment of risks from municipal waste combustion.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,360,300 supported by 14.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,124,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,235,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1989 program emphasized the production of health and environmental
effects documents for the listing/delisting programs, and Reference Doses for the
land disposal restriction program. Work was completed on the determination of
patterns of soil ingestion by children for use in exposure assessments. The
exposure work was completed for risk assessments of burning contaminated soils
in mobile incinerators. Phase I of the site-specific risk assessment at Rutland,
Vt., the model municipal waste combustor, was completed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,287,800 supported by 47.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,503,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,784,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1990 of $246,400 for the Salaries
and Expense appropriation for increased personnel and support costs, with no
change in total workyears. The decrease from 1990 of $1,466,300 for the Research
and Development appropriation reflects, in part, a shifting of resources for the
technology transfer portion of waste identification into the Technical Information
and Liaison program element where it more appropriately belongs. Methods work
on SW846 has been curtailed and resources for this effort are realigned to other
higher Agency priorities. To fund other Agency priorities, reductions in the
Research and Development appropriation were also taken from quality assurance
support and methods development to monitor underground storage tank releases.
Develop Procedures to Characterize Chemicals in Wastes. Methods will be
developed to detect highly toxic wastes in soils and sediments and for detecting
organics in the ambient air, near and at waste treatment disposal facilities.
Validation and improvement of the methods contained in the Compendium of
Analytical Methods to Monitor for Solid Waste (SW-846) continues. These methods
are used to determine the composition of wastes, detect trace levels of toxic
5-15
-------
constituents, and rapidly screen for hazardous constituents. Automated methods
for subsurface monitoring will be evaluated for their ability to detect and track
waste plume migration toward and into ground water. Remote sensing will be
conducted to assist permit writers in verifying the contents of permit
applications and to assist enforcement in assessing compliance.
Provide Quality Assurance Support. Quality assurance research will focus
on improving quality control sample matrices and expanding the universe of
materials for which quality control samples are available. Work on the quality
control sampling program which ensured accuracy of data will be privatized or
reduced.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Remote sensing
support is provided to the Regions for monitoring spills and spill threats under
emergency conditions in support of Section 311 of the Clean Water Act. In
addition, in support of leak prevention and corrective action, leak monitoring
methods applicable to underground storage tanks are under evaluation. This
activity includes evaluation of leak monitoring methods to establish which
existing instrumentation meet established performance criteria.
Conduct Research on Municipal Solid Waste. An expert system will be
assembled for use in evaluating Subtitle-D facility locations in wet environments.
Conduct Research for Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know. A
research plan will be developed on modeling and monitoring of hazardous chemical
releases.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,507,700 supported by
47.5 total workyears for this program, of which $3,257,200 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $8,250,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Methods for characterizing and detecting wastes and providing criteria for
determining if those wastes constitute a potential hazard are being developed.
Methods are tested for application to highly toxic wastes in soils and sediments
and for detection of organics in the ambient air near and at waste treatment
disposal facilities. An effort to validate and improve the methods contained in
the Compendium of Analytical Methods to Monitor for Solid Waste (SW-846) is
underway. Automated methods for subsurface monitoring are being developed and
evaluated for their ability to detect and track waste plume migration toward and
into ground water. Remote sensing is conducted to assist permit writers.
Technical information is disseminated to State and local Governments.
To ensure that the data on which regulations and enforcement actions are
based are accurate, quality control samples and reference materials of wastes are
provided to EPA contractors, State, and local laboratories. This will promote
standardized monitoring methods, and quality control using RCRA analytical
techniques.
Remote sensing support is provided to the Regions for monitoring spills
and spill threats. In support of leak prevention and corrective action, leak
monitoring methods applicable to underground storage tanks are under evaluation.
5-16
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $12,027,200 supported by 52.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,983,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,044,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1989, research was conducted to support RCRA requirements to
determine waste composition, to detect levels of toxic constituents in ground
water/air, and to characterize hazardous constituents through the evaluation,
validation, development and improvement of methods for SW-846. Monitoring methods
were evaluated and/or developed for use at Subtitle-D landfills. Remote sensing
was provided to assist in the assessment and mitigation of spills from facilities
engaged in production, storage, processing, and distribution of hazardous
materials. Performance criteria for evaluating leak monitoring methods were
established and available techniques for conducting external leak monitoring from
underground storage tanks were evaluated and developed.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,790,400 supported by 11.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $960,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $829,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase from 1990 of $319,300 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $22,100 in the Research and Development appropriation, and no
change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs. The increase in
the Research and Development reflects increased research on combustion residues.
Develop Data to Support the Incineration Regulations. Health effects
research will evaluate the comparative potency approach to assessment of risks
posed by emissions from hazardous waste incinerators. Research will develop
procedures for determining the relationship between exposure to emissions and the
actual dose of emissions to a target organ within the body and between target dose
and health effects.
Conduct Research on Municipal Solid Waste. Health effects research will
evaluate potential effects of residues and emissions from municipal solid waste
combustion. The focus will be on the relationship between the matrix in which
agents occur (i.e. soil, chemical mixtures, etc) and health effects.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,449,000 supported by 11.6
total workyears for this program, of which $641,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $807,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Data are being developed to support the incineration regulations. Research
continues to provide methods and health effects data on municipal and hazardous
waste combustion emissions and residual complex mixtures to assist in the
5-17
-------
assessment of potential human health risks. Pollutants from combustion control
technologies are being assessed using biological potency methods to evaluate the
potential hazards associated with waste incineration.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,135,100 supported by 11.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $660,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $474,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, this research program assessed the potential for health effects
from air emissions and residues from incinerators using various bioassay
procedures. Health endpoints considered included genotoxicity, pulmonary
toxicity, and other major target organ effects. A procedure was proposed for use
in evaluating the genotoxic potential of chlorinated organic products of
incomplete combustion.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
In 1991, the Agency requests a total of $17,996,700 supported by 84.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,570,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,426,400 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase from 1990 of $39.0,400 in the Salaries
& Expenses appropriation which includes 1.2 additional total workyears for
municipal solid waste and alternative technologies and increased personnel and
support costs. There is a decrease of $1,213,100 in the Research and Development
appropriation because of decreased hazardous waste landfills research; decreased
detection research of leaks from underground storage tanks; discontinued funding
for the New Orleans Waste Management Research Center; and discontinued funding
of research on using solar energy to treat wastes. Additional research on
municipal solid waste will be conducted.
Develop data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies. Research
efforts will evaluate both existing and emerging alternative treatment processes
for wastes likely to be restricted from land disposal. A major focus of the
research program will be on reducing the production of pollutants at their source.
Research will define assessment techniques to measure the reduction in quantities
of pollutants produced and to identify potential areas for pollution prevention
and risk reduction. Research on using solar energy to treat waste will be
completed. The New Orleans Management Center in 1991, will be self-sustaining
requiring no further EPA funds since it will be generating its operating funds
through industrial, state and Federal grants.
Develop Data to Support the Land Disposal Regulations. Major issues
associated with disposal of hazardous waste to the land will be addressed.
Synthetic and clay liners will be studied and the effectiveness of alternative
closure and monitoring procedures for surface impoundments will be investigated.
Research also characterizes air emissions from hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities (TSDFs) and to assess methods to control them. Technical
Resource Documents will be updated for use by Regional and state agencies for
permitting hazardous waste facilities and for enforcing applicable regulations.
5-18
-------
Develop Data to Support the Incineration Regulations. Incineration research
will focus on four areas: 1) characterizing performance of existing thermal
technologies; 2) developing methods for compliance monitoring of these facilities;
3) characterizing products of incomplete combustion and their formation
conditions; and 4) developing methods to predict performance to avoid process
failure and control process reliability. Information is being developed for both
industrial processes and incinerators to support regulation of toxic metal
emissions, emission of products of incomplete combustion, and for refinement of
the destruction removal efficiency rule.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Underground
storage tank (UST) research evaluates prevention, detection, and corrective
action technologies to identify cost-effective, reliable techniques and equipment
for USTs. This research has and will continue to produce publications on
prevention practices, assessment of retrofit techniques for leaking underground
storage tanks, and improvement of emergency response and remedial corrective
action technologies.
Conduct Research on Municipal Solid Waste. The Municipal Innovative
Technology Evaluation (MITE) program will continue. This program is designed to:
1) provide data on innovative equipment and techniques for managing municipal
waste; 2) accelerate early commercialization of innovative equipment; 3) provide
support and credibility to new techniques and equipment being developed at the
bench and pilot-scale; and 4) develop promising techniques directly where a
definite need exists. The initial emphasis is on demonstration of new or modified
equipment processes or techniques at full or nearly full scale. Major issues
associated with disposal of municipal solid waste to the land will be
investigated. Research on municipal solid waste incinerators will be conducted.
The emphasis will shift from field characterization to evaluation of various air
pollution control devices and the assessment of ash utilization and disposal
techniques.
Conduct Research for Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know.
Efforts will focus on developing of process measurement techniques for prevention
of accidental and chronic releases to help decisionmakers assess and respond to
risks posed by hazardous substance releases.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,819,400 supported by 83.7
total workyears for this program, of which $5,179,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $13,639,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research efforts evaluate treatment processes for wastes likely to be
restricted from land disposal. New research is being conducted to define
assessment techniques to measure the reduction in quantities of pollutants
produced and to identify potential areas for pollution reduction at the source.
A new Municipal Innovative Technology Evaluation (MITE) program is underway.
Research begins, through a cooperative agreement with DOE, on using solar energy
to treat and dispose of waste. Additionally, a center will be established in New
Orleans to provide an integrated approach for solving urban waste problems and
to disseminate information.
5-19
-------
Major issues associated with disposal of municipal and hazardous waste to
the land continue to be addressed. Research also characterizes air emissions
from hazardous waste facilities (TSDFs). Technical Resource Documents are being
updated for use by Regional and State agencies.
Information is being developed for both industrial processes and
incinerators to support regulations -. Research on municipal solid waste
incinerators is being conducted.
Underground storage tank (UST) research evaluates technologies to identify
cost-effective, reliable techniques and equipment for USTs. Research on
identification and evaluation of reliable leak detection methods for underground
chemical tanks is being completed and the leak detection facility is being closed.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $16,589,200 supported by 93.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,366,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,222,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Activities in 1989 included the evaluation of emerging alternative
technologies and initiation of a waste minimization/ pollution prevention program.
Emerging technologies for detecting leaks from petroleum and chemical tank systems
were evaluated. Major land disposal issues and various thermal destruction
systems techniques were investigated.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,222,500 supported by 50.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,569,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,653,100 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases from 1990 of $264,400 and $76,100
respectively, with a decrease of 1.7 total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries & Expense appropriation is attributed to rising personnel and support
costs. The Research and Development appropriation is slightly increased because
of the impact of the 1990 reductions taken for sequestration. The decrease in
workyears reflects a reduction in several projects within transport and fate
research.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments. Research
on multimedia site assessment models in support of hazardous waste listing and
delisting activities, methods for risk characterization of complex wastes, and
methods and data for predicting subsurface contamination will be conducted.
Transport models for predicting waste concentrations in saturated and unsaturated
zones will be refined. Research will be conducted on bioavailability, uptake,
and metabolism of hazardous chemicals by plants and animals.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Research will
focus on improving cost-effective treatment technologies.
5-20
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,882,000 supported by 51.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,305,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,577,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Research continues on multimedia site assessment models in support of
hazardous waste listing and delisting activities, methods for risk
characterization of complex wastes, and methods and data for predicting subsurface
contamination. An increased emphasis is now placed on ecological assessments.
Transport models for predicting waste concentrations in saturated and unsaturated
zones in the subsurface are being field evaluated, and a model describing
speciation of metals is being developed. Bioavailability, uptake, and metabolism
of hazardous chemicals by plants and animals are being investigated.
Procedures are being developed to prevent and contain hazardous releases.
Research and field tests of biological, physical, and chemical methods, previously
tried at hazardous waste sites, are conducted to determine their cost and
applicability to cleanup of pollutants from underground storage tanks.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency allocated a total of $7,873,300 supported by 53.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,453,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,420,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research supported the RCRA listing, delisting, risk assessment, siting,
and land disposal restriction programs. Multimedia assessment methods and
evaluation of waste management and treatment needs, based on potential human
health and environmental impacts, were developed. Laboratory experiments were
conducted to determine plant uptake of hazardous chemicals. The multimedia
bioassessment screening protocol used in evaluating damage caused by spills and
potential risk associated with waste sites was revised based on the results of
field evaluations. In addition, studies on subsurface characteristics influencing
heavy metal contamination of ground water, evaluations of immiscible flow
processes controlling contaminant transport in ground water, and validation of
existing saturated and unsaturated zone contaminant transport models were
conducted.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1991 Program Request
Technical Information and Liaison. The Agency requests $1,000,000 in the
Research and Development appropriation for this activity in 1991. This represents
an $1,000,000 increase from 1990 since this program activity did not exist in
1989. The technical information needs of the Hazardous Waste Program will be
addressed by providing handbooks and PC expert systems to State and local decision
makers in such areas as: 1) disposal of residues; 2) selecting appropriate
treatment technologies; and 3) source reduction and recycling. It is a new
funding category, formerly included in the Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance program element.
5-21
-------
1990 Program
The Agency has not allocated any resources to this program activity since
this activity does not exist in 1990.
INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1991. Since the Center
for Environmental Management at Tufts University has been funded by EPA since
1983, the Agency feels this Center is now fully established and can obtain
continued funding on a competitive basis.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,435,100 supported by no
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The program is addressing a wide variety of research, education and public
policy environmental issues. Several on-going projects will be completed. New
activities related to pollution prevention, international environmental policy
and environmental health policy and education will be initiated.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,500,000 for this program from
the Research and Development appropriation. These resources were used to continue
funding research projects on health effects, monitoring systems, alternative
technologies, risk communication and waste minimization. Major accomplishments
included the development of a model workshop for regional environmental health
policy officials., and field testing of two in-situ chemical sensor measurement
systems. Others are the development of 28 case studies to understand how multi-
national companies implement effective environmental programs and development of
biomarker protocols for the rapid detection of environmental pollutants.
5-22
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies 5-23
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Hazardous Waste .... 5-25
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Air and Radiation ... 5-27
Regulations, Guidelines and Policies - Water 5-28
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks 5-30
Financial Assistance 5-33
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States ... 5-34
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants 5-36
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation . 5-38
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III 5-42
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses $16,279.9 $18,401.3 $17,943.6 $21,575.0 $3,631.4
Abatement Control and $41,743.0 $38,508.2 $38,016.2 $40,429.5 $2,413.3
Compliance
TOTAL $58,022.9 $56,909.5 $55,959.8 $62,004.5 $6.044.7
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Air and
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses $642.8 $663.1 $646.2 $851.5 $205.3
Abatement Control and $2,998.9 $3,008.8 $2,937.0 $3,073.3 $136.3
Compliance
TOTAL $3,641.7 $3,671.9 $3,583.2 $3,924.8 $341.6
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Water
Salaries & Expenses $2,453.9 $2,016.6 $2,168.9 $1,965.6 -$203.3
Abatement Control and $4,430.7 $4,558.8 $4,467.9 $3,966.5 -$501.4
Compliance
TOTAL $6,884.6 $6,575.4 $6,636.8 $5,932.1 -$704.7
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - UST
Salaries & Expenses $2,791.7 $3,681.1 $3,291.6 $4,575.0 $1,283.4
Abatement Control and $3,888.0 $4,101.3 $4,049.0 $4,165.8 $116.8
Compliance
TOTAL $6.679.7 $7,782.4 $7,340.6 $8,740.8 $1,400.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $22,168.3 $24,762.1 $24,050.3 $28,967.1 $4,916.8
Abatement Control and $53,060.6 $50,177.1 $49,470.1 $51,635.1 $2,165.0
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $75,228.9 $74,939.2 $73,520.4 $80,602.2 $7,081.8
Regulations,
Guidelines & Policies
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines 231.1 257.1 256.8 264.8 8.0
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste
Regulations, Guidelines 10.9 13.0 13.0 13.0 0.0
& Polciies - Air and
Radiation
Regulations, Guidelines 54.4 48.7 47.9 38.7 -9.2
& Policies - Water
5-23
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines & Policies
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - UST
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
52.0
68.2
65.6
68.2
348.4 387.0 383.3 384.7
2.6
1.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Hazardous
Waste
238.3 257.1 256.8 264.8
8.0
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Air and
Radiation
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - Water
11.3 13.0 13.0 13.0
0.0
59.4 48.7 48.7 38.7 -10.0
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies - UST
56.1 68.2 68.2 68.2
0.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
365.1 387.0 386.7 384.7
-2.0
5-24
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $80,602,200 and 384.7 total workyears for
1991, an increase of $7,081,800 and a decrease of 2 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $28,967,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $51,635,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $4,916,800 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and an increase of $2,165,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel and support costs. The increase Abatement, Control and
Compliance reflects expanded pollution prevention activities and additional
program management support. The decrease in workyears reflects completed
regulatory activities in the water program.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- HAZARDOUS WASTE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $62,004,500 and 264.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $21,575,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $40,429,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,631,400 for Salaries and
Expenses, an increase of $2,413,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
an increase of 8.0 total workyears from the 1990 levels. The increase in total
workyears and Abatement, Control, and Compliance reflects expanded pollution
prevention activities and additional program management support. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
The Agency will continue the development and promulgation of major
regulations, including the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) mandated
waste listings, representing a significant step in fulfilling the Agency's HSWA
requirements. In addition, the Agency will propose guidelines for mixed waste
and management standards for mining wastes. The Agency will address the growing
national concern over waste combustion by finalizing a rule for burning hazardous
waste, issuing waste combustion guidance, and developing standards for managing
municipal waste combustion ash.
The Agency will increase pollution prevention efforts by coordinating waste
minimization activities, providing technical assistance, conducting a recycling
campaign for public media, and producing a waste minimization report to Congress.
The Agency will continue its medical waste efforts, completing a report to
Congress, and providing technical support, training, and outreach assistance to
states involved with the medical waste tracking demonstration program.
5-25
-------
The Agency will expand efforts to address non-hazardous waste issues by
serving as a technical clearinghouse for non-hazardous waste management
information, options, and guidelines. The Agency will assist states to develop
solid waste management plans, and will produce non-hazardous waste guidelines.
EPA will provide assistance to states and Regions in working with Indian Tribes
on non-hazardous waste issues.
The Agency will continue to develop and disseminate to Regional and state
permit writers technical guidance on new regulations, including new procurement
guidelines, tire guidelines for states, corrective action guidelines, and mixed
waste guidelines.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $55,959,800 and 256.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $17,943,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $38,016,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to develop and promulgate major regulations
required by HSWA. EPA is proposing regulations requiring corrective action at
solid waste management units and revisions to hazardous waste facility location
standards. The Agency is completing the treatment standards for the land
disposal restrictions schedule and is finalizing the Organic Toxicity
Characteristic, increasing the number of wastes regulated as hazardous. EPA is
also finalizing regulations to list primary treatment sludge from petroleum
refining processes.
The Agency serves as a source for non-hazardous waste management
information, options, and guidelines. Activities include developing and
disseminating technical and general guidance to assist states, local governments,
and citizens in implementing recycling and source reduction programs. The Agency
is developing large volume waste management strategies and programs. Mining
waste management standards are being developed, along with reports to Congress
on mineral processing and state oil and gas programs.
The Agency continues to process state HSWA authorization packages, and
develop and disseminate to Regional and state permit writers technical guidance
on new regulations, including guidance on the land disposal restrictions,
hazardous and solid waste incineration, and corrective action provisions.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $58,022,900 supported by 238.3
total workyears for this program, of which $16,279,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $41,743,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency addressed important HSWA and non-HSWA regulatory revisions.
The Agency completed treatment standards for the second Third of the wastes
scheduled for the land disposal restrictions program, and began work on the third
Third requirements. EPA promulgated Federal procurement guidelines for tires
and insulation. The Agency amended the universe of wastes subject to Subtitle
C management standards by proposing listings of wood preserving wastes and methyl
5-26
-------
bromide, and by clarifying the status of mineral processing wastes. The Agency
promulgated the delay of closure rule for hazardous waste facilities that are
capable of safely receiving non-hazardous wastes.
The Agency continued to develop a nationwide program for the safe
management of non-hazardous (Subtitle D) wastes. In support of the pollution
prevention objectives, the Agency provided assistance and information to
government, industry, and consumers to foster increased recycling and source
reduction. The Agency issued the Agenda for Action, which outlined options and
preferred practices to help states and municipalities develop integrated solid
waste management programs. In addition, the Agency produced three reports to
Congress: Solid Waste Disposal in the United States. Municipal Solid Waste
Strategy, and Management of Hazardous Wastes from Educational Institutions.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- AIR AND RADIATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,924,800 supported by 13.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $851,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,073,300 will be for the .Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $205,300 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $136,300 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1990.
In 1991 the program will continue to support the promulgation of
regulations for volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from seven types of
treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) area sources: surface
impoundments, landfills, wastewater treatment tanks, waste piles, land treatment
facilities, pretreatment facilities, and transfer operations. The Agency has
estimated that these sources emit 2.0 million tons per year of VOC and toxic air
pollutants that have been associated with up to 140 cancer deaths per year. Some
sources will require additional regulations to control emissions of specific
toxic constituents that will not be covered by the 1991 rule. Resources will
be provided for data collection to promulgate regulations for these toxic
pollutants in a future year. This program will also provide technical support
for states and EPA Regions in implementing the TSDF regulations.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,583,200 supported by 13.0
total workyears to this program, of which $646,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,937,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 EPA is continuing to develop standards for the seven types of TSDF
area sources listed above. EPA has promulgated standards for equipment leaks
at these facilities and has proposed standards for other sources. The Agency
will propose additional regulations in late 1990. In addition, the Agency will
promulgate an accelerated rule covering a subset of TSDF area source types
including fugitive emissions and waste solvents.
5-27
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $3,641,700 supported by 11.3 total
workyears, of which $642,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,998,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA continued work on the development of interim TSDF rules.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- WATER
1991 Program Request
In 1991, the Agency requests a total of $5,932,100 supported by 38.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,965,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,966,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $203,300 in Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $501,400 in Abatement, Control and Compliance and
a decrease of 10.0 workyears. The decreases reflect a reduction in the number
of publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) requiring corrective action, completion
of the double-liner waiver assessment and a decline in the level of oversight
needed to review facility exemption petitions.
In 1991, one of the Agency's major pollution prevention activities is
improving the pretreatment program for controlling hazardous wastes from
industrial users of POTWs. Information gathering and sampling of specific
Domestic Sewage Study (DSS) industries will continue. The Agency will continue
to develop effluent limitations, guidelines and standards for several DSS
industries, including machinery manufacturing and rebuilding, hazardous waste
treatment and Pharmaceuticals manufacturing. EPA will issue technical guidance
and provide assistance on additional local limits, particularly in relation to
new sludge technical regulations and on POTW enforcement response plans.
Regions and states will continue to revise POTW permits to include
requirements for spill prevention plans, sewage sludge, whole effluent toxicity
screening or testing and modification of pretreatment program implementation.
EPA and states will continue pretreatment audits and inspections of POTWs and
review and approval of new local limits for controlling hazardous pollutants in
discharges and sludges. EPA will complete issuance of rider permits to
incorporate follow-up actions where necessary and will issue additional.permits
as POTWs are identified as needing corrective actions. EPA will assess
compliance and take enforcement action to ensure reporting requirements and other
RCRA permit-by-rule requirements are satisfied. Work will continue in completing
ongoing RCRA facility assessments and remedial investigations.
The Agency will continue to review "no migration" petitions to continue
injecting banned wastes. Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit
modifications required to implement the land ban provisions will be reviewed.
The Agency will continue to provide training for modeling applied to Class I well
petition work. In addition, EPA will initiate a study to determine whether some
Class I hazardous waste regulations should be applied to all Class I wells. A
corrective action program will continue to be implemented for Class I hazardous
5-28
-------
waste injection wells, including assessments of prior or continuing releases and
proposals for clean-up. The Regions will prepare assessments/site investigations
of wells where a previous or continuing release has been identified. Proposals
for clean-up will be developed and incorporated into the UIC permits.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,636,800 supported by 48.7
total workyears for this program, of which $2,168,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,467,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is continuing information-gathering and sampling of specific
DSS industries -- wastewaters are being screened and analyzed for hazardous
constituents. EPA will publish data summaries for 15 industries in 1990. The
Agency will continue development of effluent limitations, guidelines and
standards for several DSS industries (hazardous waste treatment, Pharmaceuticals
manufacturing, etc.). The Agency is formulating guidance and tracking,
overseeing and assisting states in implementing the new specific discharge
prohibitions, including ignitability/explosivity and reactivity/fume toxicity.
The Agency is establishing hazardous waste discharge notification improvements,
numerical discharge limits or other controls to protect worker health and safety.
EPA is continuing to implement corrective action requirements for a small
number of POTWs and continues to focus on control of hazardous and toxic
pollutants through implementation of recommendations from the DSS. Pretreatment
audits and inspections continue to focus on identification of POTW corrective
action requirements and appropriate follow-up assessments and investigations.
Headquarters continues to develop guidance and provide technical advice
and assistance for Regions and states in implementing hazardous waste disposal
restrictions, in reviewing facility petitions and in enforcing the loss of
facility interim status.
Due to the planned promulgation of the remaining schedule of hazardous
wastes regulated under RCRA Section 3004(g), EPA expects to review up to 40
petitions and revise or modify up to 75 hazardous waste injection well permits
from operators of hazardous waste injection wells seeking exemptions from the
injection ban. The Agency will provide technical assistance in developing
geologic data; modeling of waste fate and transport is under development.
Regional UIC permit writers are conducting corrective action investigations for
Class I hazardous waste wells, giving priority to wells with permits issued after
November 1984 without a schedule for corrective action. Regions will also
continue to review petitions from operators of hazardous waste injection wells
seeking exemptions from the injection ban under Part 148.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $6,884,600 supported by 59.4
total workyears, of which $2,453,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses and
$4,430,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriations.
5-29
-------
EPA continued development of regulations for Pharmaceuticals, machinery
manufacturing and rebuilding, hazardous waste treatment and pesticides
formulating/packaging industries. Sludge use and disposal screening for RCRA
constituents continued. The Regions and POTWs developed new local limits to
address hazardous pollutants and increased the number of spill prevention plans
initiated. The Agency also proposed changes to the general pretreatment
regulations based on recommendations from the DSS.
EPA and states continued to implement the corrective action requirement
for POTWs that accept hazardous waste. The Regions undertook or oversaw facility
assessments, conducted visual site or sampling inspections and implemented
remedial investigations and corrective measures at appropriate POTWs. Imple-
mentation of RCRA and pretreatment requirements, based on the DSS, continued.
Approximately 40 no-migration petitions were received and review began during
1989. Regional UIC permit writers conducted corrective action investigations
for Class 1 hazardous waste wells.
REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES. AND POLICIES -- UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS CUST)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,740,800 supported by 68.2 total workyears
for this program of which $4,575,000 is for Salaries and Expense appropriation
and $4,165,800 will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents increases of $1,283,400 in Salaries and Expenses and $116,800 in
Abatement, Control and Compliance and no increase of workyears. The increases
support increased personnel costs and additional implementation assistance to
states and Indian tribes.
The Agency will implement a national underground storage tank (UST) program
to prevent pollution caused by leaking USTs. EPA will ensure that states
continue work to meet the conditions for Federal approval of their UST programs.
The number of state program approvals will increase as many states complete the
legislative and regulatory changes required to ensure their programs are no less
stringent than the Federal program, including the development of adequate
enforcement authorities and capacities. For states not applying for approval,
the Agency will continue to encourage and assist these states in the development
and implementation of their UST programs.
The Agency will increase outreach efforts to tribal leaders and owners/
operators of tanks on Indian lands. The Agency will also provide Indian tribes
with compliance and enforcement assistance. The UST program on Indian lands will
expand to include monitoring compliance with all UST regulations, providing
compliance assistance to Indian tank owners/operators, and continuing outreach
to tribal leaders. The Agency will utilize outreach efforts to promote voluntary
compliance with the leak detection deadline for tanks installed before 1974 and
will seek to educate the public and the regulated community.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $7,340,600 supported by 68.2 total
workyears of which $3,291,600 is from Salaries and Expenses and $4,049,000 is
from Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
5-30
-------
The basic approach to accomplishing the environmental goals of the UST
program is to develop, support and improve, state and local programs. Efforts
in this area include helping the states develop more streamlined processes, and
better technical and management tools. As technical and leak detection
regulations are phased-in, the Agency will assist the tank owners' efforts to
assess compliance with the first phase-in group of USTs 25 years of age and
older. The Agency is developing standard test procedures for leak detection
equipment that will allow tank owners to choose equipment that meet Agency
requirements. The Agency is conducting a nationwide marketing campaign to
promote resource efficient methods for states to monitor owner/operator
compliance and to take enforcement actions against violators where necessary.
One pilot state has used these methods to achieve a 90 percent compliance rate
without resorting to the use of resource-intensive formal enforcement orders in
their first compliance group. The Agency will continue to promote these methods
in other states throughout the year. The Agency has completed videos on
installation and tank closures, and is preparing a video on conducting UST
inspections. The Agency has also completed a Spanish language brochure
describing the UST regulations.
The Agency is continuing to provide technical support for state regulatory
development and is encouraging states to apply for Federal program approval.
The Agency is also helping states manage their increasing workloads by providing
technical support on their data management information systems.
The Agency is working with owners/operators and municipalities to meet the
Federal financial responsibility requirements by finalizing the financial test
allowing municipalities to self-insure. In addition, the Agency is assisting
states in developing state assurance programs and loan funds. The loan programs
would be used by owners/operators to upgrade or replace their tanks, preventing
many leaks from ever occurring. The assurance programs will help owners/operators
to meet their financial responsibility requirements. The Agency is reviewing
proposed state trust funds as they are submitted.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $6,679,700 supported by 56.1
workyears, of which $2,791,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,888,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency issued final regulations on corrective action, leak detection,
and technical performance standards for new and existing tanks that contain
petroleum products and hazardous substances. In addition, the Agency finalized
regulations governing financial responsibility requirements, and developed
supplemental policies and guidance on the process and requirements for state
regulatory program authorization.
The Agency negotiated UST grants with all states and provided technical
assistance and guidance for implementation and enforcement. These grants
provided seed money for state UST programs.
The Agency finalized and distributed a number of useful tools such as
videos demonstrating correct procedures for tank installations and closure. In
addition, the Agency also developed several brochures, including Oh No and Leak
Detection, which describes technical standards in plain English, and produced
5-31
-------
a handbook on building state compliance programs. The Agency distributed these
tools to the regulated community and to those responsible for ensuring compliance
with UST standards and guidelines.
The Agency provided support and services to states through routine,
continuous communications and reviews. The Agency assisted the states in
improving performance in areas such as tank inspections, closures, enforcement,
administrative procedures and in developing communication strategies. The
Agency's compliance strategy emphasized and promoted innovative techniques to
achieve voluntary compliance and to enforce when necessary.
5-32
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE . 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control and (66,753.0 $68,914.3 $68,031.7 $88,000.0 $19,968.3
Compliance
TOTAL $66,753.0 $68,914.3 $68,031.7 $88,000.0 $19,968.3
Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$9,178.7 $8,860.6 $8,747.4 $9,000.0 $252.6
TOTAL $9,178.7 $8,860.6 $8,747.4 $9,000.0 $252.6
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $75,931.7 $77,774.9 $76,779.1 $97,000.0 $20,220.9
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $75,931.7 $77,774.9 $76,779.1 $97,000.0 $20,220.9
5-33
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $97,000,000 for this program for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This is an increase of
$20,220,900 from the level provided in 1990.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $88,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $19,968,300 to enhance state capability through increased
permitting, enforcement, and information management efforts.
In 1991, the Agency will assist the states in their continued efforts to
develop legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence with the Federal
hazardous waste management program. Almost all states will be authorized for
the base Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program, and these states
will be developing the capability to adopt corrective action and other provisions
of Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA).
The permitting program will continue the shift, begun in 1990, from
permitting operating incinerators to other mandated permitting activities. The
Agency will increase resources for processing post-closure permits for land
disposal facilities to address an additional 300 of these environmentally
significant facilities. EPA will also accelerate the permitting of storage and
treatment facilities to meet the November 1992 statutory deadline. By the end
of 1991, approximately 75% of the facilities subject to the deadline will have
permits or permits being processed. The states will continue to process
modifications to operating permits as required. In addition, the states will
continue to review and approve closure plans for incinerators and storage and
treatment facilities, and will process appeals to permit decisions, as necessary.
The states will ensure that non-compliance is identified and addressed
through timely and appropriate enforcement actions and that handlers are returned
to compliance. Compliance monitoring of generators and transporters will be a
priority activity, especially for compliance with land disposal restrictions.
The states will conclude enforcement actions against facilities, oversee
adherence to compliance schedules, and take enforcement actions for violations
of approved closure plans. The states will annually inspect critical land
disposal and incineration facilities and conduct mandated inspections at Federal
and local government facilities and at a targeted portion of generators and
transporters. The states will also inspect one-half of all storage and treatment
facilities and other land disposal facilities. In addition, the states will
conduct inspections to support the processing of permit applications and to
ensure compliance with permit provisions or existing administrative and judicial
actions. New facilities biought into regulation by wood preserving, hazardous
5-34
-------
waste fuel, organic toxicity and mining waste regulations will increase the
number of facilities where state inspections and enforcement actions will be
necessary.
The states will conduct oversight of owner/operator RCRA facility
inspections/corrective measure studies (RFI/CMS) at permitted and environmentally
significant closed facilities. These facilities will be prioritized based on
risk, with the most environmentally significant closures addressed first. The
states will ensure that corrective action initiated in prior years is fully
supported through determination and implementation of the appropriate remedy.
The owner/operators will initiate corrective measures through corrective action
orders or as a result of a schedule of compliance in the permit. States will
monitor corrective action progress with thorough oversight of the
owner/operators' RFI/CMS and implementation of the remedy to ensure that work
is performed correctly. The states will initiate new facility assessments at
storage and treatment facilities seeking permits. States will also initiate
judicial actions when a permit schedule or administrative order is considered
insufficient to require the owner/operator to undertake corrective measures that
would protect human health and the environment.
The Agency will increase resources to fund national implementation of a
hazardous waste data management system that will greatly expand the states' and
EPA's ability to input and retrieve information critical to successful program
management.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $68,031,700 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency requires states to amend their programs to incorporate the
provisions of RCRA and HSWA. The states are proposing legislation and upgrading
regulations to achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management
program, and are applying to EPA for authorization to administer the program.
States are directing permitting efforts toward successfully meeting the
November 1989 deadline for issuing permits to all operating hazardous waste
incineration facilities; toward permitting environmentally significant storage
and treatment facilities; and toward processing modifications to existing
permits. The states are emphasizing compliance monitoring and enforcement
efforts to ensure adequate environmental safeguards covering the generation,
transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste. The states are investigating
releases at facilities to determine the need for corrective action and, as
releases are identified, are ensuring that owner/operators address the
contamination.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $66,753,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
5-35
-------
In 1989, the states continued to develop legislation and regulations to
achieve equivalence with the Federal hazardous waste management program. EPA
granted the states authority to administer important HSWA regulations. The
states and Regions worked jointly on processing permits for those HSWA provisions
for which states were not authorized, particularly corrective action.
The states successfully processed land disposal facility permit
applications to meet the November 1988 HSWA deadline. The Agency and states gave
the processing of incinerator permit applications a high priority due to the
November 1989 deadline.
The states performed mandated inspections and took appropriate enforcement
actions. In addition, the states performed RCRA Facility Assessments to support
the permitting program and to prioritize sites for corrective action.
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS STATE GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $252,600 from 1990. This increase will be used to provide
additional support and to leverage state funds.
This request will provide states with a resource base to develop and
implement state underground storage tanks (UST) programs. States that have
attained the necessary legislative and regulatory capacities will apply for state
program approval. Some states will develop capabilities for administering the
entire Federal program, while others will continue to develop and update their
legislative and regulatory authorities. These authorities will include
technical, leak detection, financial responsibility, and corrective action
standards. States will also continue to work towards achieving compliance with
adequate tank closure and pressurized piping requirements and building their
enforcement programs.
The leak detection and financial responsibility regulations will continue
to increase the states' workload as USTs that are unable to meet applicable
requirements must be either upgraded or closed. The states will process and/or
review all upgrades and closures.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $8,747,400 all of which is from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The states have been using grant funds as the core of their program
development efforts, primarily on prevention programs including notification,
data systems to track UST facilities, new tank installation, leak detection, and
tank closure. Additionally, the states are currently implementing portions of
the Federal regulations.
5-36
-------
Some states are currently developing independent funding sources for their
UST programs from tank fees, state taxes, and gasoline taxes. These state
contributions are essential to the success of the states' prevention programs.
The UST state grants provide "seed money" of about $162,000 per state for these
efforts.
The phasing-in of the financial responsibility and leak detection
regulations are generating additional workload for the states. These regulations
are leading to an increased number of tank closures and tank upgrades, that
require the states to review and process these actions.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $9,178,700 for this program, all of which
was from Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
UST grant funds were used primarily to stimulate the development of state
UST programs. Most states have initiated legislative and regulatory changes
necessary for the state program to be no less stringent than the Federal
standards. States also commenced building capabilities for administering the
Federal UST program in its entirety.
5-37
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $15,769.9 (16,546.6 $16.516.0 $20,710.0 $4,194.0
Abatement Control and $8,333.6 $9,973.6 $9,779.7 $11,599.7 $1,820.0
Compliance
TOTAL $24,103.5 $26,520.2 $26,295.7 $32,309.7 $6,014.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $15,769.9 $16,546.6 $16,516.0 $20,710.0 $4,194.0
Abatement Control and $8,333.6 $9,973.6 $9,779.7 $11,599.7 $1,820.0
Compliance
Waste Management TOTAL $24,103.5 $26,520.2 $26,295.7 $32,309.7 $6,014.0
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 348.8 379.8 353.9 426.2 72.3
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 348.8 379.8 353.9 426.2 72.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 373.4 379.8 379.0 426.2 47.2
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 373.4 379.8 379.0 426.2 47.2
5-38
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,309,700 supported by 426.2 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $6,014,000 and 47.2 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $20,710,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $11,599,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $4,194,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $1,820,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,309,700 and 426.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $20,710,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $11,599,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $4,194,000 for Salaries and
Expenses, $1,820,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and an increase of
47.2 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increases
in personnel and support costs. The increase in Abatement, Control and
Compliance and workyears will support additional permitting efforts.
The largest area of growth will be in the Agency's permitting efforts,
conducted in cooperation with the states. The permitting program will continue
the shift, begun in 1990, from permitting operating incinerators to processing
post-closure permits for land disposal facilities. Storage and treatment
facility permitting, which is subject to the 1992 statutory deadline, will be
accelerated. By the end of 1991, approximately 75% of the facilities subject
to the deadline will have permits or permits being processed. The Regions will
continue to process modifications to operating permits, which will require
revisions due to changes in facility processes, facility expansions, and the
need to incorporate corrective action provisions as remediation activities
progress. The Regions will continue to review and approve adequate closure
plans, and will process appeals to permit decisions as necessary.
The Regions will conduct municipal non-hazardous waste (Subtitle D)
activities. The Regions will provide technical and financial support to states
and other eligible organizations, such as municipalities and universities, that
are interested in pursuing unique projects that will support the recycling and
source reduction goals of the Agency's Agenda for Action. The Agenda calls for
a national program to increase recycling of municipal refuse and greater
attention to reducing the generation of solid wastes. The Agency will assist
states as they revise statutes and regulations in accordance with the new
national Subtitle D criteria, and will review state program revision packages.
EPA will address large volume waste through targeted cooperative agreements with
states to fund investigations of state mining waste programs.
5-39
-------
Information management resources will fund implementation of a national
data management system that will greatly expand EPA's and the states' ability
to enter and retrieve information critical to successful program management.
The Regions will increase technical assistance to states to develop and maintain
Federally-equivalent hazardous waste management programs. This support from
the Regions, along with funding available to the states through the Hazardous
Waste Management Financial Assistance program, is designed to develop state
capability to effectively manage hazardous waste programs. Almost all states
will be authorized for the pre-Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
program and these states will be working toward authorization for HSWA provisions
such as corrective action.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $26,295,700 and 379.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,779,700 is from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation and $16,516,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Permitting efforts are focused on completing determinations on incineration
permit applications by the November 1989 deadline, continuing the processing of
environmentally significant storage and treatment facility permits, and
increasing emphasis on issuing permits to ensure adequate post-closure care of
land disposal facilities. The Regions are completing the review and approval
of land disposal facility closure plans in 1990.
The Regions are working jointly with the states on all aspects of the
hazardous waste program. The Regions are processing those portions of permits
for which states are not yet authorized, and are providing technical oversight
of state activities. The Regions are supporting the enhancement of state
capability by providing assistance with state regulatory and legislative
development. This Federal/state relationship provides a framework for ensuring
national program consistency and will ultimately allow states to run the
hazardous waste program independently. The Regions are working with states and
other organizations, through technical and financial assistance, to implement
the recommendations of the Agency's solid waste Agenda for Action.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $24,103,500 supported by 373.4
total workyears for this program, of which $15,769,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,333,600 was from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the Regions supported the states in the development of hazardous
waste management programs equivalent to the Federal program. With 45 states
authorized for the pre-HSWA program, the Agency focused on oversight and
technical support activities. The Regions provided technical assistance to the
states as they developed legislation and regulations consistent with the
provisions of HSWA and with regulatory revisions to the Federal base program.
5-40
-------
The Regions and states worked together to process permit applications
containing HSWA provisions for which the states were not yet authorized. High
priorities included processing the remainder of land disposal facility permit
applications by the November 1988 deadline and processing a large number of
incineration facility permits to work toward the November 1989 deadline.
5-U
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning Community Right To Know - Title III
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emergency Planning
Community Right To Know
Salaries & Expenses $2,087.3 $2,913.3 $2,628.3 $2,540.0 -$88.3
Abatement Control and $1,923.7 $4,369.3 $4,313.5 $2,938.0 -$1,375.5
Compliance
TOTAL $4,011.0 $7,282.6 $6,941.8 $5,478.0 -$1,463.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,087.3 $2,913.3 $2,628.3 $2,540.0 -$88.3
Abatement Control and $1,923.7 $4,369.3 $4,313.5 $2,938.0 -$1,375.5
Compliance
Emergency Planning TOTAL $4,011.0 $7,282.6 $6,941.8 $5,478.0 -$1,463.8
Community Right To
Know
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning 26.6 48.0 30.7 37.0 6.3
Community Right To Know
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 26.6 48.0 30.7 37.0 6.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning 28.9 48.0 32.0 37.0 5.0
Community Right To Know
TOTAL WORKYEARS 28.9 48.0 32.0 37.0 5.0
5-42
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know -- Title III
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,478,000 supported by 37.0 total workyears
for 1991. Of the request, $2,540,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. These levels represent a total decrease of $1,463,800 and an
increase of 5.0 workyears from 1990.
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW -- TITLE III
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,478,000 supported by 37.0 total workyears
for 1991. Of the request, $2,540,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $88,300 for Salaries and Expenses,
a decrease of $1,375,500 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and an increase
of 5 total workyears from 1990. The increase in workyears will be allocated to
enforcement. This will enable the Agency to assist state and local governments
as they incorporate Title III enforcement into their institutional structure.
Fewer dollar resources are needed due to completion of national training and
technical assistance support.
The increase in enforcement resources will enable the Agency to begin to
address noncompliance with the emergency planning provisions and release and
inventory notification requirements of Sections 302, 303, 304, 311, and 312 of
the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986. The Agency will
initiate, and conduct with the states wherever practical, a targeted number of
routine facility inspections to assess compliance. The Agency will increase
its emphasis on developing inspection targeting mechanisms, formalizing EPA/State
enforcement agreements, and developing selected administrative and judicial
penalty cases against violators identified through inspections, tips, and
complaints to support compliance verification activities.
The program will continue to assist state and local governments in updating
and improving their emergency response plans. The Agency will update emergency
planning guidance, review and modify instructor training programs for state and
local groups, develop and present workshops on chemical hazard assessment, and
develop simulation exercises to test the plans. EPA will develop guidance
materials to assist states and localities in interpreting community right-to-know
reporting information, and will continue to provide assistance to Indian tribes
as they implement Title III programs on Indian lands. The Agency will also
continue to evaluate chemicals against the extremely hazardous substances list,
issue guidance on communicating risk, and manage information generated by Title
III Sections 311/312/313 reporting thresholds. Finally, EPA will continue to
receive, process, and evaluate Title III trade secrecy claims.
5-43
-------
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $6,941,800 supported by 32.0 total
workyears, of which $2,628,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,313,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Agency is providing support to state and local governments
in both emergency response planning and implementation activities. Since most
of the Local Emergency Planning Committees responded to the 1989 statutory
deadline to complete their initial emergency response plans, the Agency is
providing states and priority area communities with guidance, technical
assistance, and training to review, test, and update their plans. EPA is working
with communities that do not yet have approved emergency response plans.
The Agency is beginning to conduct compliance inspections, field
investigations, and cooperative enforcement projects with states. The Agency
is identifying violators through these processes and is developing administrative
enforcement cases to address the identified violations. EPA expects that Regions
may handle thirty to fifty cases nationwide in 1990.
The Agency continues to evaluate chemicals against the additional criteria
for the extremely hazardous substances list and is beginning a rulemaking action
related to physical hazards that will continue into 1991. EPA is evaluating
Title III Section 311/312 (community right-to-know) reporting thresholds, and
will issue final regulations establishing threshold quantities. The Agency is
also continuing to receive, process, and evaluate Title III trade secrecy claims.
EPA is completing the final rules for implementing the Title III Indian policy.
Finally, the Agency is planning a number of risk communication projects and
activities to assist state, local, and tribal governments in interpreting Title
III information. These projects will better enable the public to understand
the risks involved with hazardous chemicals.
1989 Program '
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,011,000 and 28.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,087,300 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,923,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency proposed regulations for implementing various sections of Title
III, including rules for implementing Title III on Indian lands; two rules
concerning the designation of extremely hazardous substances as CERCLA hazardous
substances and adjusting their reportable quantities; and a proposed rule,
followed by an interim final rule, on the community right-to-know threshold
requirements.
In addition, EPA assisted state and local authorities in planning emergency
response programs. The Agency published guidance on flammables and explosives,
developed and presented training on the Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis
and distributed a publication highlighting Title III success stories. A program
was also initiated to involve the medical community in the Title III emergency
planning process.
5-44
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement 5-45
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $20,006.8 $21,250.6 $21,424.9 $29,160.0 $7,735.1
Abatement Control and $19,871.4 $21,094.9 $20,595.8 $31.426.7 $10,830.9
Compliance
TOTAL $39,878.2 $42,345.5 $42,020.7 $60,586.7 $18,566.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $20,006.8 $21,250.6 $21,424.9 $29,160.0 $7,735.1
Abatement Control and $19,871.4 $21,094.9 $20,595.8 $31,426.7 $10,830.9
Compliance
Hazardous Waste TOTAL $39,878.2 $42,345.5 $42,020.7 $60,586.7 $18,566.0
Enforcement
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 436.4 489.5 453.4 575.7 122.3
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 436.4 489.5 453.4 575.7 122.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste 459.6 489.5 480.8 575.7 94.9
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 459.6 489.5 480.8 575.7 94.9
5-45
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
BudEet Request
The Agency requests a total of $60,586,700 supported by 575.7 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $18,566,000 and 94.9 total workyears from
1990. Of the request, $29,160,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $31,426,700 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $7,735,100 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $10,830,900 for the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation.
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $60,586,700 supported by 575.7 total
workyears for 1991, of which $29,160,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $31,426,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $7,735,100 for Salaries and
Expenses, an increase of $10,830,900 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and
an increase of 94.9 total workyears from the 1990 levels. The increase in
dollars and total workyears will support the expanded workload associated with
corrective action.
The level of corrective action activities will continue to grow at
operating and environmentally significant closing facilities as more
owner/operators initiate facility investigations, study possible remedies to
releases and initiate interim or remedial measures to reduce the risk. The
Agency will ensure that facilities requiring corrective action will be addressed
on a risk-based priority system. Once facilities are selected for corrective
action, appropriate methods for addressing these facilities will be chosen.
These methods will generally include the permit/post-closure process or issuance
of an administrative order. The Agency will oversee owners and operators to
facilitate remedy selection and successful implementation. Headquarters will
continue to offer training, including evaluation criteria to the Regions and the
states in the selection of remedy process and in negotiation strategies.
The Agency will place increased emphasis on implementation of the land ban
restrictions by increasing the number of inspections and oversight activity of
small quantity generators. The Agency will develop policies to guide Regional
and state inspections of newly regulated waste such as those covered under the
organic toxicity characteristics rule and the hazardous waste fuel rule, as well
as mixed waste, mining waste, and the wood preserving listings.
EPA will continue to institutionalize enforcement and inspection training
and workshops. Through the use of interactive computer training and satellite-
based training classes, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
5^46
-------
Inspector Training Institute will continue to provide training to ensure
consistent inspection program. The inspectors' role in pollution prevention wil
be studied to determine if this function should be expanded to providin
technical assistance to the regulated community.
The Agency will coordinate closely with the states to achieve a smoot
implementation of the RCRA Information System (RCRIS) , which emphasizes automate
data transfer, wide accessibility, and standardized formats among the Regions
states, and Headquarters.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $42,020,700 supported by 480.
total workyears, of which $21,424,900 is from the Salaries and Expense
appropriation and $20,595,800 is from the Abatement, Control and Complianc
appropriation.
The Agency is developing inspection guidance and enforcement strategic
for implementation of multi-media measures for disposal of hazardous waste
Guidance on the enforcement of new regulations on land disposal of the prohibite
wastes as well as guidance for the detection of illegal disposal and specia
waste is being revised.
Increasingly, the Agency is focusing its corrective action resources t
ensure that owner/operators are conducting facility investigations in complianc
with the terms of permits and orders. The Agency is also monitoring th
development of corrective measures plans to assure environmentally sound measure
are proposed and implemented. EPA is giving priority for new facilit
investigations to environmentally significant closing and closed facilities a
well as to permitted facilities.
The Agency is ensuring that state inspections are conducted biennially a
all operating land disposal facilities and at closed land disposal and treatmen
and storage facilities, as required by policy and the expanding land ba
regulations. Increased emphasis is being placed on grant guidelines to ensur
a nationally consistent and effective state enforcement program, especially i
the area of corrective action. The Agency is conducting annual inspections o
state owned or operated treatment, storage, and disposal facilities as well a
incinerator facilities. Facilities under an administrative order are receivin
a follow-up inspection to ensure a return to compliance. The Agency i
conducting additional inspections at commercial facilities to ensure that thes
facilities are managing off-site Superfund wastes in an environmentally saf
manner.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $39,878,200 supported by 459.
total workyears, of which $20,006,800 was from the Salaries and Expense
appropriation, and $19,871,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Complianc
appropriation.
Compliance monitoring and enforcement actions were taken against handler
that presented the greatest threat to human health and the environment. Th
facilities that had the greatest problems with releases or were in significan
5-47
-------
non-compliance were addressed by administrative and judicial enforcement actions.
Inspections and follow-up enforcement actions for the surface impoundment
retrofit deadline of November 1988 continued to take place. The states and EPA
conducted 13,182 inspections of Federal, state and local facilities that store,
treat or dispose of hazardous waste, and inspections of commercial land disposal
and treatment facilities were conducted twice a year to ensure compliance with
the Superfund Off-Site Policy. Through technical enforcement support and state
program evaluations, the Agency ensured that the states took timely and
appropriate enforcement actions, and in some instances, the Agency initiated
enforcement actions, for a combined total of 1,227 administrative orders issued.
The Agency also brought enforcement actions for violations of HSWA provisions
for which states were not authorized.
Corrective action resources supported initial assessments, studies, and
corrective action oversight of permitted or permit track facilities, as well as
facilities that had been issued an administrative order. Facility assessments
were conducted at 174 treatment and storage facilities that were scheduled to
be permitted in 1990.
-------
6. PESTICIDES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES 6-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research . 6-9
Scientific Assessment 6-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 6-16
Health Effects 6-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 6-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 6-19
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances 6-21
Generic Chemical Review 6-25
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 6-32
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement 6-36
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 6-38
-------
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
PESTICIDES
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Pesticides
$41,938.7 $46,630.1 $45,366.7 $51,448.4 $6,081.7
$68,668.6 $53,577.5 $52,851.4 $50,538.7 -$2,312.7
$7,354.0 $6,724.6 $6,547.6 $8,085.6 $1,538.0
$117,961.3 $106,932.2 $104,765.7 $110,072.7 $5,307.0
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
796.4 993.3 957.3 1,091.7 134.4
846.0 993.3 990.9 1,091.7 100.8
$87,286.2 $94,978.6 $97,548.0 $99,856.8 $5,308.8
Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Amendments of 1988 reauthorized
this program at a level of $83,000.0 for 1989, $95,000
for 1990 and $95,000 for 1991.
6-1
-------
PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Pesticides can be both beneficial and hazardous substances. Pesticide
products provide benefits to society, contributing to agricultural productivity
and controlling human diseases, yet they are inherently hazardous since they are
specifically formulated to be injurious to living target organisms and
deliberately introduced into the environment for that purpose.
EPA's authority to regulate pesticides is set forth in two statutes. The
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) governs the licensing
or registration of pesticide products. Sections 408 and 409 of the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) regulate the level of pesticide residues in raw
and processed agricultural commodities.
FIFRA. Under FIFRA, all pesticides must be registered with EPA before they
may be sold or distributed in commerce. EPA operates under an overall
risk/benefit standard for pesticide registration. Pesticides must perform their
intended function when used according to label directions, without posing
unreasonable risks of adverse effects on human health or the environment. In
making pesticide registration decisions, EPA is required to take into account
the economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits of pesticide use.
This is a task of enormous scope and complexity. Three billion pounds of
pesticide active ingredients are used annually in this country, representing over
1,000 different active ingredients and 26,000 products.
Recent legislation has substantially amended FIFRA. The FIFRA Amendments
of 1988 (signed into law on October 25, 1988) strengthened the Agency's authority
in the following areas:
o The 1988 amendments accelerate the reregistration process for previously
registered pesticides by requiring completion of this task within nine
years. Pesticide registrants are responsible for supplying complete test
data bases necessary for EPA to make pesticide reregistration decisions.
Both industry and EPA must act within specific deadlines.
o Under the expedited registration provisions, which have short statutory
deadlines, EPA is required to give accelerated consideration to
applications for initial or amended registration of products which are
similar to pesticides already registered with EPA.
o The law authorizes the collection of fees to support reregistration
activities. Two kinds of fees are being collected: a one-time
reregistration fee for each active ingredient, and an annual fee for
registration maintenance to be paid for each registered product. These
fees finance the FIFRA revolving fund which provides funding support for
both staff and contractor personnel.
o EPA's responsibilities and funding requirements are substantially revised
in the areas of storage and disposal of pesticides whose registrations have
been suspended and cancelled. The law also places limitations on the
availability of funding to indemnify certain owners of pesticides whose
6-2
-------
registrations have been suspended and cancelled.
FFDCA. Under the FFDCA, EPA sets tolerances, or maximum legal limits,
for pesticide residues on food commodities marketed in the U.S. Before a
pesticide can be registered under FIFRA for use on a food or feed crop, EPA must
either establish a tolerance or, if appropriate, grant an exemption from the
tolerance requirement.
In cooperation with other EPA offices, the pesticide program will undertake
initiatives to address pollution prevention and the growing concern for food
safety. The Agency will also augment the 1990 initiative to build Regional/state
capabilities to protect ground water, workers exposed to pesticides, and
endangered species, and implement revised Certification and Training (C&T)
regulations.
In addition, EPA will continue to place high priorities on implementing
the 1988 FIFRA amendments, continuing a commitment to ensure that regulatory
decisions are based on the best available science, and continuing programs that
emphasize risk reduction and safer pesticides.
The Agency's 1991 pesticide regulation program includes the following
elements: 1) registration of new products and control of pesticide residues in
the food chain, 2) review and reregistration of existing products, 3)
encouragement of correct uses of pesticides, 4) the enforcement of pesticide
regulations, 5) research and development to support and improve EPA's ability
to evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides, and 6) consulting services.
1. Registration Activities
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use. Under the registration program, new pesticide
products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by Agency scientists, and
current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or new formulations.
Manufacturers are required to conduct a full range of health and environmental
testing before marketing their new products. This testing uses sophisticated
methodology and techniques, enabling the Agency to more accurately determine the
potential for ground-water contamination, residues on food or feed, worker and
applicator exposure, environmental risks, and chronic and acute health hazards.
In order to reduce the level of risk associated with use of approved chemicals,
EPA may restrict the use of these chemicals to trained, certified applicators;
and prescribe label precautions, special packaging requirements, and application
directions, including prescribed intervals between application and harvest or
worker reentry into the fields.
The registration program also includes special registration and tolerance-
setting activities. The special registration program continues to perform an
auxiliary function by permitting certain uses of unregistered pesticide for
experimental purposes and emergency pest situations. It also provides oversight
and guidance to state registration and experimental use permit functions. The
tolerance program establishes safe and enforceable maximum permissible residue
levels (or, in some instances, exemptions from tolerance requirements) for both
active and inert pesticide ingredients in or on raw agricultural commodities and
processed foods.
6-3
-------
Special emphases for 1991 include (1) giving high priority to implementing
the FIFRA amendments of 1988, which requires expedited consideration of
applications for registrations of products which are similar to pesticides
already registered, (2) continuing to give priority consideration to newer, safer
chemicals and uses which may replace more hazardous chemicals and uses, (3)
giving special attention to biochemical and microbial agents, and (4) evaluating
impacts on ground water, workers, and endangered species during registration
reviews.
2. Generic Chemical Review (including Reregistration)
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are
supported by data bases which the Agency believes should be updated to today's
more advanced scientific standards to support the required determination that
"no unreasonable adverse effects" are presented by a specific pesticide. The
Generic Chemical Review program is designed to remedy this problem by requiring
the upgrading of the scientific data base supporting registrations, reviewing
available data about each chemical, and formulating scientifically based
regulatory positions to guide the modification, cancellation, or reregistration
of existing products and the registration of new products. The 1988 FIFRA
amendments contain provisions for a greatly accelerated five-phase reregistration
program, expedited processing of certain types of registration applications, a
system for collecting and administering fees, and significant revisions to the
indemnification and disposal program for pesticides suspended and cancelled
after enactment of the 1988 amendments. The fees mandated by these amendments
are to be used to supplement appropriated funds to carry out reregistration and
expedited processing.
The Generic Chemical Review program contributes to the safety of the food
supply, through the reregistration program and special reviews, in which
pesticides suspected of causing unreasonable adverse effects undergo intensive
risk/benefit analysis, which may result in changes to the terms and conditions
of their use or cancellation of their registration.
Highlights of the 1991 program include:
o The Food Safety Initiative, begun in 1990, will be continued in 1991. It
will include developing better scientific data on special tolerance and
residue issues, conveying scientific information on risks to the public
in understandable terms, and using improved risk information in regulatory
decisions. This initiative will strengthen EPA's ability to make decisions
on pesticides based on scientific risk assessments, and educate the public
on the reasons for these decisions.
o The completion of the National Pesticide Survey will provide data to be
used to refine the Agricultural Chemicals in Ground-Water Strategy. The
Strategy will be used to evaluate approaches to protecting ground water
at the state and Regional level.
o The disposal program will continue safe storage of stocks of 2,4,5-
T/Silvex. Disposal will be initiated after a facility is permitted and
available to the EPA to accept pesticide stocks for incineration.
6-4
-------
o The Agency is also proposing legislation to reinstate collecting fees for
Pesticides Registration of the start of FY 1991.
o Five pollution prevention projects will be funded as part of the EPA wide
program. They will address ground-water contamination in corn growing
areas, inert ingredients in pesticides, a hazard index for the Chesapeake
Bay watershed, a decision support system applicable to ground-water
problems, and bioregulation.
o EPA will continue to give high priority to implementation of the 1988
FIFRA amendments, including the accelerated reregistration program,
expedited processing of certain types of registration applications,
collecting fees and administering the revolving fund.
3. Pesticides Program Implementation
Under this program EPA promotes the correct uses of pesticides. To achieve
this goal EPA sets up cooperative agreements with State Lead Agencies to certify
applicators to use Restricted Use Pesticides. EPA provides grants to the states
to support this activity. Certification grants help support 53 applicator
certification programs in participating states and territories and Federally
administered programs in Colorado and Nebraska. EPA also has an interagency
agreement with USDA to provide training to pesticide applicators by working
through State Cooperative Extension Services (SCES).
After publication of revised C&T Regulations, which will strengthen the
C&T program in the areas of record keeping, training, continuing education, and
supervision of applicators, states will begin implementation.
In 1991, the Agency will continue the initiative begun in 1990, to place
emphasis on building Regional/state capabilities to address the areas of
protecting ground water,'workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, endangered
species, and strengthened C&T programs. States, with the guidance and assistance
of the Regional offices, will develop and implement management strategies
tailored to the particular circumstances in the states. Elements of the
management strategies include: outreach, monitoring, development of training
materials, and coordination with the C&T Program.
4. Pesticides Enforcement
The enforcement provisions of FIFRA are carried out primarily through the
cooperative efforts of the states and territories, under a program of
Federal-state cooperative enforcement agreements established with EPA.
Participating states and territories conduct use inspections, inspect
pesticide-producing establishments, maintain marketplace surveillance, and
inspect dealers and users of restricted-use pesticides. In most instances in
which violations are detected, the states and territories develop and prosecute
enforcement cases as appropriate. In limited numbers of cases, states and
territories may refer cases to EPA for action. The Agency encourages the states
and territories to design and operate their enforcement programs so as to place
greatest emphasis upon compliance with the use provisions of FIFRA, thereby
producing the greatest environmental benefit. The Agency will continue to
support and manage these cooperative efforts in 1991.
6-5
-------
The Agency conducts Federal pesticides compliance monitoring programs in
cases in which states or territories are unable or unwilling to support
comprehensive compliance monitoring programs of their own, Federal programs in
such instances include use investigations, import and export surveillance, and
the preparation and prosecution of enforcement cases. Other activities that are
exclusively the responsibility of the Agency include providing technical and
compliance assistance to the states, the regulated community and the public, and
operating an automated data system which maintains information on compliance
inspections, enforcement actions, and pesticide production. In 1991, the Agency
will also emphasize such areas as ground-water contamination, farmworker
protection, development of state enforcement response policies under FIFRA
Sections 26 and 27, and tracking and enforcement of compliance with pesticide
registration requirements.
5. Research and Development
The FY 1991 Office of Research and Development (ORD) request for pesticides
research and development will continue to support the Office of Pesticides
Programs (OPP) by performing research in the areas of test method development
and validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation; exposure monitoring;
environmental engineering and technology; ecology (both fate and transport and
risk assessment); and biotechnology. In addition, ORD will continue to provide
technical support to OPP in exposure assessment and monitoring procedures and
risk assessment methodologies for oncogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive
and developmental toxicity. New research will be performed in the areas of
ecological risk, pollution prevention and biotechnology.
6. Consulting Services
Consulting services are utilized by the Agency to support the Scientific
Advisory Panel which, in accordance with section 25(d) of FIFRA, provides
comments, evaluations and recommendations on actions and regulations proposed
by the Agency. By using these services, which are funded from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, the Agency can ensure that its regulatory program
continues to be based on sound science.
6-6
-------
PESTICIDES
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1989 1990 1991
Increase+
Decrease-
1991 vs.
1990
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Special Review Decisions
New Chemical and Biochemical/
Microbial Agent Reviews....
Old Chemical Reviews.
Amended Registration
Reviews
New Use Reviews,
Emergency Exemption
Reviews
Experimental Use Permit
Reviews
24(c) State Registration
Reviews
Temporary Tolerance
Petition Reviews...
Tolerance Petition
Reviews
Inert Ingredient
Reviews
Producer Establishment
Inspections a/
Use/Reentry and Experimental
Use Observations a/
Marketplace
Investigations a/
77
444
Import Inspections a/.
1,594
12,843
5,947
433
13
150
475
60
2,509
18,829
4,035
475
13
5
8
321
,290
,828
335
404
309
890
330
3,850
4,560
300
250
400
475
330
3,850
4,560
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,779
19,369
4,305
4,975
+270
+540
+270
+4,500
6-7
-------
PESTICIDES (continued)
Actual
1989
Current
Estimate
1990
Estimate
1991
Increase-f
Decrease-
1991 vs.
1990
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
State Applicator License
State Dealer
Record Inspections
State Disposal, Storage,
Transportation, and Recall
Inspections
Federal Laboratory
Inspections
Test Study Audits
Registration Standard
Guidance Packages
Established
Rereeistration Standards
3,981 4,450
47 80
219 437
14
9 10
4,600
5,000
80
412
50
+250
+150
+5,000
-25
+40
a/ Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities
6-8
-------
Research and
. Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research 6-9
Scientific Assessment . 6-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 6-16
Health Effects 6-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology 6-18
Environmental Processes and Effects 6-19
-------
ACTUAL
1989
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$129.8 $144.3
$1.2
$131.0 $144.3
$370.4 $349.1
$918.8 $942.4
$1,289.2 $1,291.5
$2,140.7 $2,295.4
$1,620.9 $1,789.8
$3,761.6 $4,085.2
$153.8
$1,988.5
$2,142.3
$114.0
$406.7
$520.7
TOTAL
$3,113.7 $3,802.0
$2,824.6 $3,585.7
$5,938.3 $7,387.7
$142.4
$142.4
$124.6
$384.3
$508.9
$296.5
$296.5
$344.5 $480.5
$916.5 $961.3
$1,261.0 $1,441.8
$2,210.2 $2,577.2
$1,729.1 $1,976.3
$3,939.3 $4,553.5
$204.9
$138.0
$342.9
$3,242.4 $3,761.4
$3,517.7 $5,010.0
$6,760.1 $8,771.4
$154.1
$154.1
$136.0
$44.8
$180.8
$367.0
$247.2
$614.2
$80.3
-$246.3
-$166.0
$519.0
$1,492.3
$2,011.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$5,908.4 $6,704.8 $6,064.1 $7,320.5 $1,256.4
$7,354.0 $6,724.6 $6,547.6 $8,085.6 $1,538.0
Pesticides Research TOTAL $13,262.4 $13,429.4 $12,611.7 $15,406.1 $2,794.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
5.8 5.7 5.7 5.2
32.6 39.5 39.5 39.5
0.0
-.5
0.0
6-9
-------
ACTUAL
1989
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ENACTED CURRENT
1990 ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
2.3
54.9
97.0
2.0
62.7
111.4
2.0
60.7
109.4
1.1
62.7
110.0
-.9
2.0
.6
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1.4
6.0
2.7
1.5
5.7
2.0
1.5
5.7
2.0
1.5
5.2
38.8 39.5 39.5 39.5
1.1
59.6 62.7 60.7 62.7
108.5 111.4 109.4 110.0
0.0
-.5
0.0
-.9
2.0
.6
6-10
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies
1991: o Develop in-vitro neurotoxicology test methods for the identification
and characterization of neurotoxic pollutants (Health).
o Report on teratogenic responses in Menidia berryllina embryos for
environmental assessment: Estuarine, freshwater and hazardous waste
sites (Environmental Processes).
1990: o Report on the immunotoxicology methods development and validation in
the rat (Health).
1989: o Assessment of neurotoxicity in workers occupationally exposed to
organophosphorus pesticides: A neurobehavioral and biochemical study
(Health).
Objective 2: Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetrv and
Extrapolation
1991: o Development of neurobehavioral testing strategy for use in Pesticide
Guidelines (Health).
o Report on biomarkers and dosimetry research activity for exposure
monitoring (Monitoring).
Objective 3: Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field
Validation
1991: o Role of estuarine sediments in the biodegradation of anthropogenic
chemicals (Environmental Processes).
o Validation of pesticide effects on fish growth under field exposure
conditions (Environmental Processes).
1990: o Report on field censusing techniques for large scale avian field
studies (Environmental Processes).
o Fish reproductive success studies for littoral enclosures
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on sorption of water soluble ionic pesticides to soils and
sediments (Environmental Processes).
6-11
-------
1989: o Final Doughtery Plain report including pesticide groundwater threat
assessment method (Environmental Processes).
Objective 4: Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA
1991: o Summary report of assistance activities to OPP for the pesticides:
EDB, Dinoseb and Silvex (Engineering).
o Guidance manual for selecting protective clothing for agriculture
pesticide operations (Engineering).
1990: o Report on the effects of co-firing chlorinated wastes with high
nitrogen compounds on NOx emissions (Engineering).
o A review of peer-reviewed literature/data for the treatability of
pesticides from water, wastewater, and soils (Engineering).
o Release of a protective-clothing training video visibly showing the
dermal exposure possible when proper protective clothing is not used
during outdoor handling/use operations (Engineering).
1989: o Report on the performance results of a pilot-scale trial burn of
Dinoseb pesticide formulations (Engineering).
o Report on performance results of full-scale incineration operations
of EDB inventory disposal (Engineering).
o Report providing data on greenhouse-applicator worker exposure to
several pesticides and the penetration resistance of their protective
clothing to these compounds (Engineering).
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1991: o Pesticides exposure to urban and suburban pesticides in children
(Monitoring)
Objective 6: Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microblal and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
1991: o Report on efficacy of enclosed multi-species test systems in
determining effects of microbial pest control agents in non-target
species (Environmental Processes).
o Report on exposure of field applications of biological agents used
as agricultural pesticides (Monitoring).
1990: o Synthesis report on test methods for BCAs to avians (Environmental
Processes).
o Laboratory methods for appraising the safety of a microbial pest
control agent in freshwater systems (Environmental Processes).
6-12
-------
1989: o Report on dispersal of BCAs released into the atmosphere
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on protocols for exposing freshwater fish and invertebrates
to a fungal pest control agent (Environmental Processes).
o Report on the evaluation of mammalian cell culture test protocols for
viral pesticide agents (Health).
Objective 7: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicitv and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols
1990: o Users manual for updated TEAM Model (Environmental Processes).
o Final report on resistance and resilience of pond ecosystems to
toxicant stress (Environmental Processes).
1989: o Final report on biological data base for risk assessment
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on effects of xenobiotics on the macroinvertebrates in a
seagrass community ecosystem (Environmental Processes).
Objective 8: Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities
1991: o Annual report on the Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals Repository
(Monitoring).
1990: o Annual report on the Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals Repository
(Monitoring).
6-13
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,406,100 supported by 110.0 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $2,794,400 and 0.6 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $7,320,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,085,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase
of $1,256,400 and $1,538,000, respectively.
Program Objectives
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) require the regulation of pesticide
use to avoid unreasonable adverse effects to public health and the environment.
The research program improves our understanding of how pesticides interact with
human activities and the environment, to assure that their use minimizes damage
from pests, while maximizing the protection of man's food, health and the
environment.
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. This
research develops and validates environmental and health test methods for use by
industry to assist them in meeting pesticide registration requirements and
enforcement responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.
Objective 2: Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry. and
Extrapolation. This research develops methods for extrapolating from high to low
doses between mammalian species, evaluates dermal penetration of pesticides and
examines chemical structure activity relationships. Biological markers are
evaluated and tested to determine their potential use in exposure monitoring
studies. This information is used by the Agency to evaluate pesticide data
submitted by industry as part of the registration and re-registration process.
Objective 3: Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and
Field Validation. This research validates laboratory studies by quantifying
pesticide effects through field testing in order to evaluate mortality,
reproduction and recovery potential of fishes, invertebrates, birds and other
organisms. This approach allows comparison between laboratory studies and actual
field results. This research also investigates the movement of pesticides through
the environment in order to determine the eventual disposition of pesticides in
the environment.
Objective 4: Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA. This
research provides worker-safety and disposal information for the handling,
application, and disposal of pesticides, and to provide the technical basis to
support the Office of Pesticides Programs' (OPP) regulatory needs under FIFRA.
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research develops
equipment and specialized monitoring protocols and procedures for total human
exposure monitoring, pesticide exposure to characterize sources, and routes of
6-14
-------
exposure for national pesticide monitoring efforts.
Objective 6: Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and
Biochemical Pest Control Agents. This research evaluates the effects of microbial
and biochemical pest control agents (MBPCAs) and products of biotechnology on
humans and the environment to support registration activities of OPP.
Objective 7: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicitv and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols. This research provides the means to determine the risk
posed to actual ecosystems by environmental pollutants by determining critical
endpoints and devising mathematical models in order to predict impacts. This
research will provide risk assessment protocols and guidelines for use in
determining potential effects to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Objective 8: Provide Support Services for FIFRA Studies. This activity
provides support to risk and exposure assessments by providing quality assurance
materials and reference compounds for pesticide residue analyses.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $296,500 supported by 1.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $154,100 which reflects increased personnel and
support costs. There is no change in total workyears.
Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. The Scientific Assessment
program will continue to prepare and review health risk assessments for
careinogenieity, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/ developmental effects and
exposure to support OPP implementation of FIFRA Section 3 provisions for
evaluating risk from pesticides use. Support will also be provided for laboratory
data audits.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $142,400 supported by 1.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
This research program will continue to prepare and review health risk
assessments and provide support for laboratory data audits.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obl-igated a total of $131,000 supported by 1.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $129,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, major activities included support for laboratory data audits,
consultation and review of EBDC/ETU assessments and data reviews on bromoxynil,
propargate, larvadex, and melesystox.
6-15
-------
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,441,800 supported by 5.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $480,500 will be in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $961,300 will be in the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $136,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $44,800 in the Research and Development appropriation. There is a decrease
of 0.5 total workyears. The increase in the Research and Development
appropriation is due to new pollution prevention research on ground water
contamination, establishing a pesticide index and registry for the Chesapeake Bay,
and the reduction of pesticide applications through bioregulation. The increase
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The decrease in total workyears reflects a realignment of
resources to support higher priorities within the Agency.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Monitoring methods
and strategies will be developed for determining the effect of agricultural
pesticide usage on the quality of surface and ground water systems. Research will
focus on identifying factors for ground water susceptibility.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetrv and Extrapolation.
Biological markers will be evaluated as sensitive indicators of exposure.
Candidate biological markers will be selected. Laboratory studies will estimate
the capability of these techniques to serve as indicators of exposure.
Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research will utilize total
human exposure monitoring of pesticides to assess exposure of lawn and garden
pesticides. Emphasis will be on exposure to toddlers and children.
Perform Research On Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents. Protocols for use in regulatory decision-making concerning
identification, fate and survival of biological agents, including recombinant DNA
will be developed.
Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. Quality assurance in sample
collection and analysis procedures will be provided. This will include oversight
of the Pesticides Repository, research on the selection of representative samples,
and how to optimize instrument settings for data analysis.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,261,000 supported by 5.7
total workyears for this program, of which $344,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $916,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1990, a coordinated research effort will identify and test biological
markers of exposure to priority pesticide chemicals. Protocols and methodologies
for total human exposure monitoring for pesticides will be provided. Research
will emphasize dermal exposure in children. Efforts will focus on privatizing
the Pesticide Repository.
6-16
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,289,200 supported by 6.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $370,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $918,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, the final portion of the Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study
(NOPES) on exposure to common household pesticides was completed. Candidate
biological markers were selected for further study. Efforts were initiated to
privatize the Pesticide Repository.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,553,500 supported by 39.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,577,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,976,300 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $367,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $247,200 in the Research and Development appropriation.
There is no change in total workyears. The Salaries and Expenses appropriation
increases reflect increased personnel and support costs. The increase in the
Research and Development appropriation will be used to fund expanded research in
biotechnology.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Health effects
research will develop and refine bioassays for the detection of adverse
developmental, reproductive, mutagenic, carcinogenic, neurotoxic and immunotoxic
effects for use by industry as part of FIFRA Section 3 evaluation of risks.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
Research will develop models to assess health risk assessment predictability and
will focus on methods development for extrapolating results of animal toxicity
studies into risk estimates for humans. Studies will include the comparison of
in-vivo and in-vitro methods for estimating pesticide dermal absorption, metabolic
differences between species, and investigating the relationship between maternal
health and fetal susceptibility to teratogenic outcome. These models will assist
in the evaluation of pesticides data submitted as part of the registration and
re - registration process.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents. To support microbial pesticide registration, testing protocols will be
developed for detecting, identifying, and monitoring microbial agents in mammalian
cells. Research will evaluate FIFRA Subdivision M infectivity guidelines for
microbial agents, and detecting health effects from exposure to genetically
engineered pesticides.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,939,300 supported by 39.5
total workyears for this program, of which $2,210,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,729,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
6-17
-------
In 1990, data on the effects of mlcrobial and biochemical pest control
agents and genetically engineered pesticides will be provided. Methods to detect
adverse alterations in the reproductive processes in animals to allow for more
accurate evaluations of reproductive development and function are being developed.
Research to develop animal models to assess health risks caused by pesticides is
being performed.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,761,600 supported by 38.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,140,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,620,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, activities the included assessment of neurotoxicity in workers
occupationally exposed to organophosphorus pesticides, and an evaluation of
mammalian cell test protocols for viral pesticide agents.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $342,900 supported by 1.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $204,900 will be in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $138,000 will be in the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $80,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $246,300 in the Research and Development appropriation and a
decrease of 0.9 total workyears. The decreases reflect the completion of a
significant portion of research on the destruction/disposal technologies for
indemnified pesticides and the evaluation of protective clothing for agricultural
workers. The Salaries and Expenses appropriation increases reflect increased
personnel and support costs.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA. States and other Federal
agencies will be assisted in evaluating proposed pesticide disposal and treatment
methods. To support FIFRA-mandated container recycling programs, field-test
methods for demonstrating adequate clean-up will be developed. A database to
support pesticide treatment is being updated. Protective glove-selection
protocols based on permeation data and field-use effectiveness of protective
clothing for agricultural workers will be published.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $508,900 supported by 2.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $124,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $384,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1990, guidance on the use of protective apparel for commercial users of
agricultural pesticides will be completed. Research on disposal/destruction
technologies including container re-use capability continues.
6-18
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,142,300 supported by 2.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $153,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,988,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, a report on greenhouse workers exposure to several of their most
used pesticides and the penetration resistance of their protective clothing was
published.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,771,400 supported by 62.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,761,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,010,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $519,000 and $1,492,300,
respectively, and an increase of 2.0 total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The increase in the Research and Development appropriation and workyears
will support new research in pollution prevention, eco-risk assessments and
additional biotechnology research.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Ecological effects
studies will develop and revise test methods according to the margin of error
attributed to environmental influences. Methods will be devised to investigate
chemical, toxicological and teratogenic properties. This research will provide
standardized testing or monitoring protocols and a variety of test organisms and
life stages as bioindicators for testing pesticide hazard and risk.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field Validation.
Ecological field and laboratory studies will be developed and validated for
standardized testing and monitoring protocols to predict pesticide transport,
degradation, exposure, and fate in marine organisms. Studies include life cycle
tests and physiological measurements to predict toxicity, and to determine factors
controlling chronic and acute testing results.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents. Research will develop and improve bioassays for determining effects of
microbial pest control agents on non-target organisms. Parameters such as routes
of exposure, detection methods, identification schemes, virulence, toxicity, and
infectivity are evaluated through bioassays. To fully characterize potential
environmental consequences of altered microbial pest control agents (MFCAs) and
genetically altered biological control agents (BCAs), research needs to be
conducted to better understand the movement, survival and mode of action on
receptor organisms. Research results will support modifications of testing
protocols for Subpart M guidelines used by industry to provide registration data.
Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols. Mathematical models, support data bases, and protocols for assessing
ecosystem exposure and hazards will be arranged in a database structure. This
will accelerate completion of ecological risk assessments. Pesticide release,
6-19
-------
transport, and transformation parameters will be adapted to dependent ecological
models. Standardized descriptors for use in risk assessment will be developed
for biotic effects of pesticides on populations, communities, and ecosystems.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,760,100 supported by 60.7
total workyears for this program, of which $3,242,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,517,700 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
In 1990, this research program includes development of test methods in
support of FIFRA guidelines, performs research on transport, fate and field
validation, the effects of biological pest control agents, and develop risk
assessment techniques.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,938,300 supported by 59.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,113,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,824,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, the final Doughtery Plains report including pesticide groundwater
threat assessment methodology was completed.
6-20
-------
Abatement
and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration and Tolerances ... 6-21
Generic Chemical Review 6-25
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-30
Pesticides Program Implementation 6-31
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants 6-32
-------
PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Registration, Special
Registration, and
Tolerances
Salaries & Expenses $13,199.5 $13,967.5 $13,640.6 $14,900.8 $1,260.2
Abatement Control and $2,980.2 $2,970.0 $2,932.1 $3,016.7 $84.6
Compliance
TOTAL $16,179.7 $16,937.5 $16,572.7 $17,917.5 $1,344.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $13,199.5 $13,967.5 $13,640.6 $14,900.8 $1,260.2
Abatement Control and $2,980.2 $2,970.0 $2,932.1 $3,016.7 $84.6
Compliance
Registration, Special TOTAL $16,179.7 $16,937.5 $16,572.7 $17,917.5 $1,344.8
Registration &
Tolerances
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration, Special 247.3 265.9 254.5 265.9 11.4
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 247.3 265.9 254.5 265.9 11.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration, Special 264.1 265.9 265.9 265.9 0.0
Registration, and
Tolerances
TOTAL WORKYEARS 264.1 265.9 265.9 265.9 0.0
6-21
-------
PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,917,500 supported by 265.9 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $1,344,800 and no change in total workyears
from 1990. Of the request, $14,900,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,016,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,260,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $84,600 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
REGISTRATION. SPECIAL REGISTRATION. AND TOLERANCES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,917,500 supported by 265.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,900,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,016,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,260,200 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of $84,600 in the Abatement
Control and Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation reflects increased emphasis on new chemicals and groundwater
protection.
In 1991, the Agency expects to conduct 330 reviews of new chemicals and
biochemical/microbial agents, 3,850 reviews of old chemicals, 4,560 amended
registration reviews, 300 new use reviews, and 475 tolerance petition
reviews. The emphasis on processing new chemicals and new uses will be
continued in 1991. This will permit more rapid entry of newer, safer chemicals
into the market.
The Agency will continue to give special emphasis to ground-water
protection including registrant-performed monitoring, more extensive use of
environmental fate test data, geographical restrictions and restricted use
classifications. These measures will help prevent future environmental clean-
up problems.
Regional liaison will be enhanced by working closely with the Regional
pesticide experts and other Regional staff to improve Regional and state
understanding of national regulatory activities, and by obtaining their input
on policies and reviews affecting their mission. This liaison will improve
oversight of section 18 experimental use permit reviews and section 24(c) special
local need programs. Certain problems and Regional and state issues, includi
container disposal and ground-water contamination, will be addressed at t
Regional level.
6-22
-------
To prevent circumvention of section 3 registration requirements, stringent
criteria for granting section 18 exemptions will continue to be applied. These
criteria include consideration of progress towards permanent registration and
clarification of "emergency" and "significant economic loss." Headquarters will
continue to work closely with the Regions and states to monitor emergency
exemptions and special local needs. Special emphasis will continue to be placed
on the regulatory implications of genetically engineered microbial pesticides
(GEMP's) and necessary interagency coordination.
The Agency will continue to ensure that tolerances reflect the most current
regulatory status of each active ingredient, including revocation of tolerances
on cancelled pesticides and tolerance reassessments in conjunction with
Reregistration reviews. The automated Tolerance Assessment System (TAS) will
be used to determine estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide residues.
Tolerance fees will increase to reflect increases in the General Schedule pay-
scale.
The Agency is also proposing legislation to reinstate collecting fees for
pesticides Registration at the start of FY 1991.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $16,572,700 supported by 265.9
total workyears for this program, of which $13,640,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,932,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, registration reviews are continuing to emphasize new chemicals
and new uses to facilitate the rapid availability of new, potentially safer
chemicals which may replace older, more hazardous ones still in use. An ongoing
productivity initiative, planned to reduce the cost and time needed to review
old chemicals and amendments while ensuring quality reviews, has been expanded
to address the expedited processing provisions of the 1988 FIFRA amendments.
Registration reviews continue-to emphasize protection of ground-water, workers,
and endangered species.
In 1990, state participation in the Emergency Exemption, Experimental Use
Permit, and Special Local Needs programs is continuing to be enhanced through
EPA guidance and close Federal/state cooperation. Continued special attention
is being given to biochemical/microbial agents. The Agency is revising the
section 5 experimental use permit regulations to provide sufficient oversight
of the early testing of genetically engineered and nonindigenous microbial
pesticides.
The TAS is operational for estimating dietary exposure to pesticide
residues and continues to be updated and refined. Inerts of toxicological
concern are listed on pesticide labels"and will undergo data call-ins. Crop
group tolerances continue to be used where applicable to reduce data requirements
and efficiently deal with minor uses.
6-23
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $16,179,700 supported by 264.1
total workyears for this program, of which $13,199,500 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,980,200 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
Through a productivity initiative begun in 1988, the Old Chemicals and
Amendments review process was evaluated in an effort to reduce the cost and time
needed to accomplish these activities while ensuring adequate quality of required
reviews. This productivity initiative was expanded to address the expedited
processing provisions of the 1988 FIFRA Amendments.
Under the authority of the 1988 FIFRA amendments, a new system of user fees
was put into place, establishing a separate reregistration fee system and
suspending collection of the registration fee. The new system, which provides
revenue for the FIFRA revolving fund, is composed of separate maintenance and
reregistration fees.
The continually updated, computer-based TAS was used for determining
estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide residues. Crop group tolerances
continued to be used where applicable to reduce data requirements and effectively
deal with minor uses.
6-24
-------
PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Generic Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses $16,793.7 $18,646.9 $18,115.6 $19,891.6 $1,776.0
Abatement Control and $52,384.6 $25,593.2 $24,778.5 $15,418.0 -$9,360.5
Compliance
TOTAL $69,178.3 $44,240.1 $42,894.1 $35,309.6 -$7,584.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,793.7 $18,646.9 $18.115.6 $19,891.6 $1,776.0
Abatement Control and $52,384.6 $25,593.2 $24,778.5 $15,418.0 -$9,360.5
Compliance
Generic Chemical TOTAL $69,178.3 $44,240.1 $42,894.1 $35,309.6 -$7,584.5
Review
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review 327.5 439.3 425.7 504.3 78.6
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 327.5 439.3 425.7 504.3 78.6
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review 338.2 439.3 439.3 504.3 65.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS 338.2 439.3 439.3 504.3 65.0
6-25
-------
PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $35,309,600 supported by 504.3 total
workyears for 1991, a decrease of $7,584,500 from 1990. Of the request,
$19,891,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $15,418,000
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
increase of $1,776,000 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease
of $9,360,500 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of 65.0 total workyears from the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund and no increase in Salaries and Expenses
workyears.
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $35,309,600 supported by 504.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $19,891,600 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $15,418,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears will include 314.3 from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and 190.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. This represents an increase of $1,776,000 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $9,360,500 in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation, no change in total Salaries and Expenses
workyears, and an increase of 65.0 total workyears from the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs. The decrease in Abatement,
Control, and Compliance reflects a reduction in the need to fund transportation,
storage and disposal of remaining stocks of cancelled and suspended pesticides
due to significant progress that will be achieved using funds appropriated in
1990.
For reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments,
resources will support 50 Reregistration Standards (RRS's), which represents an
increase of 40 standards over the projected 1990 output. Additional workyears
will be funded by the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund,
created by the 1988 FIFRA Amendments.
Of the resources requested in 1991 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, $4,000,000 will fund transportation, storage and
disposal of cancelled and suspended pesticides. The Agency's responsibility to
indemnify holders and bear the costs of disposal of cancelled and suspended
pesticides will continue in 1991 for chemicals which were suspended and cancelled
prior to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments. These funds will ensure the continued safe
storage of national 2,4,5-T/Silvex stocks. Disposal of these stocks may
commence in 1991 once a facility is permitted and available to the Agency for
incineration of 2,4,5-T/Silvex.
6-26
-------
As part of an Agency-wide program, the pesticide program will undertake
five pollution prevention projects. The purposes of these projects will be to:
(1) reduce surface and ground-water contamination and human health risks due to
application of herbicides in major corn-producing states; (2) work with the
Office of Research and Development (ORD) to develop a pesticides inerts strategy
which formally addresses air pollution problems associated with volatile organic
compounds; (3) work with ORD and Region 3 to develop and test the reliability
of a pesticide hazard index to reduce the risk of pesticides in the Chesapeake
Bay watershed; (4) work with ORD, the Regions, and states to develop a decision
support system that will help states and local governments protect ground water
from pesticides; and (5) support the ORD in developing information that would
lead to a reduction in pesticide applications through the management of
biological degradation processes.
Detailed follow-up studies of the National Pesticide Survey (NFS) data base
will be initiated, following issuance of the December 1990 report. Other funds
will support special ground-water projects.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $42,894,100 supported by 439.3
total workyears for this program, of which $18,115,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $24,778,500 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears include 314.3 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and 125.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund.
The 1988 FIFRA Amendments require a large increase in the number of
submissions from registrants. In 1990, registrants are responding to the four
lists of active ingredients subject to reregistration (Phase I). In Phases II
and III, EPA begins evaluation of preliminary data to identify data gaps. Much
of this workload occurs in 1990. The substantial hiring and training program
initiated as part of the implementation of the 1988 FIFRA Amendments is
continuing in 1990. It is supported by maintenance and reregistration fees.
Measures to upgrade and integrate current tracking systems are continuing, and
additional ADP changes and improved capabilities are planned.
The Agency expects that 10 Reregistration Standards to be completed as work
pertaining to the 1988 FIFRA Amendments continues. Funds from both base
appropriations and the FIFRA revolving fund are utilized to accomplish these
tasks. Thirteen Special Reviews are projected for 1990. Automated decision
support systems, for assessing dietary exposure, are being enhanced to support
this work.
Pesticide disposal program funds are being utilized for disposal of
national dinoseb stocks and storage of 2,4,5-T/Silvex, pending the permitting
of an incinerator for 2,4,5-T/Silvex disposal and the award of disposal
contracts.
In 1990, the Agency is launching a major new program to build Regional and
state capabilities to deal with problems of ground-water pollution, protect
endangered species from pesticides, and promote the safety of pesticide
applicators and agricultural workers. Resources for the Headquarters national
program development and liaison function for this initiative are contained in
6-27 -
-------
the Generic Chemical Review program. EPA continues its long-term collaborative
effort with the states and Federal agencies to integrate ground-water management
programs, including addressing ground-water concerns in registration and
reregistration actions. Worker Protection Standards for Agricultural Pesticides
(40 CFR 170) governing pesticide-treated field reentry intervals, protective
clothing, and label warnings, are scheduled to be published as a final regulation
in 1990.
In 1990, resources are being redirected to a new food safety initiative,
which addresses broader food safety concerns. This initiative will strengthen
the Agency's ability to make decisions on pesticides based on scientific risk
assessments, and educate the public on the basis for these decisions.
The National Pesticide Survey (NPS) is scheduled for completion in 1990
and the final report is scheduled for December 1990. Results of the NPS will be
used to refine the Agency's Agricultural Chemicals in Ground Water Strategy and
to evaluate further regulatory and state-specific approaches to protect drinking
water from pesticide pollution.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $69,178,300 supported by 338.2
total workyears for this program, of which $16,983,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $52,194,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears included 306.8 from the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and 31.4 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund.
The FIFRA Amendments of 1988 accelerate the reregistration process for
previously registered pesticides and require EPA to give accelerated
consideration to applications for initial or amended registration of products
which are similar to pesticides already registered with EPA. The 1988 FIFRA
Amendments require a large increase in the number of registrant submissions.
A major hiring and training program was initiated in 1989 in order to meet the
increased workloads posed by the amendments.
In 1989, 14 Registration Standards and 9 Reregistration Standards were
established, and 9 Special Review decisions were reached. In addition, FIFRA
Phase I-IV activities were begun in accordance with the 1988 FIFRA Amendments.
Work continued in 1989 on implementation of the Agency's October 1988
response to the National Academy of Sciences' (NAS) food additive study. The
new policy modifies the "zero-risk" standard for pesticides that increase in
concentration during food processing, by implementing a "negligible risk"
standard, treating older pesticides by the same risk standards as new pesticides.
Comments of state, private and public interest groups were incorporated
into the Agency's proposed Endangered Species Protection Program (ESPP) and
efforts toward development of Worker Protection Standards continued.
The major 1989 activity in the pesticide disposal program was the
preparation for disposal of nation-wide dinoseb stocks. A Dinoseb demonstration
burn was conducted in August and September of 1989. All remaining stocks of
ethylene dibromide (EDB) were incinerated in 1989.
6-28
-------
Laboratory audits were conducted by the Agency or cooperatively with other
agencies to ensure the development of high-quality test data and environmental
effects of pesticides. In addition, use of Integrated Pest Management
alternatives was encouraged in order to reduce levels of human and environmental
exposure, typical of conventional pesticide use practices.
6-29
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Pesticides Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $987.0 $1,935.7 $1,994.6 $2,661.6 $667.0
TOTAL $987.0 $1,935.7 $1,994.6 $2,661.6 $667.0
Pesticides Program
Implementation - Grants
Abatement Control and $3,978.1 $12,306.3 $12,149.0 $14,500.0 $2,351.0
Compliance
TOTAL $3,978.1 $12,306.3 $12,149.0 $14.500.0 $2,351.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $987.0 $1,935.7 $1,994.6 $2,661.6 $667.0
Abatement Control and $3,978.1 $12,306.3 $12,149.0 $14,500.0 $2,351.0
Compliance
Pesticides Program TOTAL $4,965.1 $14,242.0 $14,143.6 $17,161.6 $3,018.0
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program 20.0 44.4 40.6 54.2 13.6
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 20.0 44.4 40.6 54.2 13.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Pesticides Program 22.0 44.4 44.1 54.2 10.1
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 22.0 44.4 44.1 54.2 10.1
6-30
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,161,600 supported by 54.2 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $3,018,000 and 10.1 workyears from 1990. Of
the request, $2,661,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$14,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
This represents an increase of $667,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $2,351,000 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation from 1990.
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,661,600 supported by 54.2 total workyears
for this program (formerly the Certification and Training (C&T) program), all
of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase of $667,000 for Salaries and Expenses and an increase of 10.1 total
workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects costs associated with
the increase in workyears as well as increased personnel costs.
The 1991 request expands an initiative begun in 1990 to address increasing
concerns about the pesticide threat to ground water, endangered species, and
workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Problems in these areas have
necessitated a fundamental shift in the pesticide program from its traditional,
primary focus on national licensing activities to a more balanced
Headquarters/field effort. Further, local variations in state pesticide programs
and in the severity of problems in these areas require a strong but flexible
Regional and state presence. Emphasis is placed on using non-regulatory
approaches and the Certification and Training program. The increase of 10.1
workyears in the Regional offices will provide guidance to states in the
development of their programs, develop coordination mechanisms with state
agencies, review state grant applications, provide oversight to state grants and,
upon state request, provide additional technical assistance to state programs.
In addition, in 1991, Regional offices will help implement the revised C&T
regulations.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,994,600 supported by 44.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Headquarters staff is directing the development of training materials in
the areas of ground water, endangered species, and worker safety. Updated
national training materials are being developed in cooperation with the United
States Department of Agriculture (USDA). A major effort to revise the C&T
regulations is being completed. It requires states to improve their record-
6-31
-------
keeping and examination requirements. Further, the revisions require applicators
to renew their certifications periodically. Training requirements for initial
certification are being strengthened.
In 1990, emphasis is also being placed on oversight of the process to
remedy deficiencies in state pesticide management plans identified through
Regional evaluations and negotiations. The program is also implementing rules
governing the sale of restricted use pesticides to non-certified persons.
Regional staff, in conjunction with USDA, are completing in-depth evaluations
of State Cooperative Extension Services' (SCES) training programs for applicator
certification and training, and are working with USDA and the SCES to strengthen
existing programs. Regional staff are also continuing to provide technical
expertise on specific issues relating to the use and application of pesticides.
Regional office staff are implementing the Regional-state capabilities
initiative in the areas of protection of ground water, workers occupationally
exposed to pesticides, and endangered species.
In 1990, the program is also continuing to implement the EPA/state FIFRA
Issues Research and Evaluation Group (EPA/SFIREG) recommendations with emphasis
on revising and implementing certification regulations. Initiatives to implement
Federally administered state C&T programs are being completed.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $987,000 supported by 22.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1989, the major focus was to implement the recommendations of the
EPA/SFIREG C&T Task Force to upgrade C&T materials. EPA and USDA jointly
reviewed all state private applicator training programs. One tribal plan was
approved and five were under review. A certification workshop for. tribal
officials was held.
EPA Regional pesticide experts provided technical expertise on pesticide
issues such as certification and training, application techniques, toxicity,
pesticide disposal, restricted use pesticides, and other topical pesticide
issues.
PESTICIDES PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $2,351,000 from 1990, which reflects an increased
emphasis on addressing ground-water, endangered species and worker safety
concerns.
The 1991 request augments an initiative begun in 1990 to address increasing
concerns about the pesticide threat to ground water, endangered species, and
workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Problems in these areas have
6-32
-------
necessitated a fundamental shift in the pesticide program from its traditional,
primary focus on national licensing activities to a more balanced
Headquarters/field effort. Further, local variations in state pesticide programs
and in the severity of problems in these areas require a strong but flexible
Regional and state presence. This initiative will strengthen state capabilities
to address the problem of protecting ground water, workers occupationally exposed
to pesticides, and species endangered from pesticides. Emphasis is placed on
using non-regulatory approaches and the C&T program. For example, resources
requested for state grants will be used to expand efforts to assess state
vulnerabilities, develop state programs and grant applications, implement
programs using outreach, training and education programs, conduct workshops and
special projects, and develop and implement public and private sector
initiatives. State efforts must be coordinated among concerned state agencies
(e.g., agriculture, health, water, and environment). The 1991 increase will be
used to implement the revised C&T regulations, and expand worker protection and
endangered species programs.
The Agency will continue to promote the correct use of pesticides. To
achieve this goal, EPA will continue cooperative agreements with state lead
agencies to certify applicators to use restricted use pesticides. EPA will
continue to provide grants to the states to support this activity. Certification
grants will continue to help support 53 applicator certification programs in
participating states and territories and Federally administered programs in
Colorado and Nebraska. EPA will continue an interagency agreement with USDA to
provide training to pesticide applicators by working through the SCES.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,149,000, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These resources
support the certification and training program, as well as the program initiated
in 1990 to strengthen state capabilities to address problems in protection of
ground water, workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, and endangered
species.
Funding for certification agreements helps support 53 applicator
certification programs in participating states and territories and in the
Federally conducted programs in Colorado and Nebraska. EPA is continuing its
interagency agreement with USDA to provide training to pesticide applicators by
working through the SCES. A grant to the USDA/SCES helps support the applicator
training programs.
Regional educational packages and special initiatives to meet national and
Regional pesticide issues and critical information gaps are being developed.
Resources are also being used to develop training programs for non-agricultural
applicators to whom training expertise is not currently available.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,978,100 for this program all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This funding was used to help support 53 delegated certification programs,
53 delegated training programs, and the Federally conducted programs in Colorado
6-33
-------
and Nebraska. The states updated their programs to address newly restricted
pesticides, changes in technology and new information on the use and effects of
pesticides. The program supported C&T special initiatives to address Regional
issues and non-agricultural training needs (including proper use of restricted
use pesticides in lawn care and within permanent structures, buildings, and
relating to ground water and disposal procedures). A steering committee was
established to identify and make accessible appropriate private sector resources
that are currently not being used in C&T.
6-34
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement 6-35
Pesticides Enforcement 6-36
Pesticides Enforcement Grants 6-38
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE «
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Pesticides Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,050.1 $5,375.2 $5,551.8 $6,673.9 $1,122.1
$397.7 $103.0 $547.8 $1,800.6 $1,252.8
TOTAL $5,447.8 $5,478.2 $6,099.6 $8,474.5 $2,374.9
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$8,928.0 $12,605.0 $12,444.0 $15,803.4 $3,359.4
TOTAL $8,928.0 $12,605.0 $12,444.0 $15,803.4 $3,359.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,050.1 $5,375.2 $5,551.8 $6,673.9 $1,122.1
$9,325.7 $12,708.0 $12,991.8 $17,604.0 $4,612.2
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL $14,375.8 $18,083.2 $18,543.6 $24,277.9 $5,734.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
103.9
103.9
132.3
132.3
127.1
127.1
157.3
157.3
30.2
30.2
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
112.5
112.5
132.3
132.3
132.2
132.2
157.3
157.3
25.1
25.1
6-35
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,277,900 supported by 157.3 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $5,734,300 and 25.1 total workyears from
1990. Of the request, $6,673,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $17,604,000 will for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,122,100 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $4,612,200 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, an increase of 12.1 total workyears in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and an increase of 13.0 total workyears from the
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,474,500 supported by 157.3 total workyears
for this program of which $6,673,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,800,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears will include 129.3 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 28.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. This represents an increase of $1,122,100 for Salaries and Expenses, an
increase of $1,252,800 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance, an increase of
12.1 in total Salaries and Expenses workyears, and an increase of 13.0 in total
Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund workyears. The increase
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel costs
as well as the increase in total workyears. The increase in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation will allow upgrading of Regional ADP
systems to better track pesticide exports/imports and will support activities
to enforce the non-reregistration provisions of the 1988 Amendments to FIFRA.
For reregistration enforcement activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments, the additional 13.0 total workyears will support increased laboratory
inspections and data audits and will expand 1988 FIFRA Amendments enforcement
activities in the Regions.
In 1991, the Pesticides Enforcement program will continue to concentrate
on state delegation, under cooperative enforcement agreements, in the nationwide
pesticide compliance monitoring program. The Agency will emphasize achieving
compliance with rules governing pesticide use, and place less emphasis on product
surveillance in the marketplace. Tracking and enforcement of pesticide
registration requirements will be a major component of the pesticide enforcement
program. The states will be responsible for enforcing notices of intent to
suspend product registrations issued under this compliance program. The Federal
role at the Regional level will involve overseeing and managing state cooperative
agreement programs and supporting enforcement of new Agency initiatives in worker
protection from pesticides contamination by overseeing the development of state
enforcement response policies under Sections 26 and 27, and tracking and
compliance followup. for Section 3(c)(2)(B) cancellations.
6-36
-------
An increase of 8.1 total workyears will allow Regional offices to expand
the Federal compliance activities in support of the worker protection regulations
begun in FY 1990. The increase will also allow for implementation of compliance
programs for container disposal and ground-water and endangered species
protection strategies. The Regions will develop specific strategies to address
unique local conditions and problems, develop state inspector training materials,
and conduct training workshops to train state inspectors in enforcement of the
Agency's pesticides in ground water strategy, the worker protection rule, and
requirements for endangered species protection. Regional personnel will also
conduct inspections and develop cases in support of the new initiatives and will
evaluate state grant activities associated with the new initiatives.
An increase of $250,000 in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation will allow for upgrading of Regional ADP systems with special
emphasis on tracking pesticides exports and imports.
Headquarters will provide overall program guidance and management, assist
in developing new and revised regulations, and develop compliance monitoring
strategies and enforcement response policies for all such rules. Headquarters
staff will also provide guidance and general oversight of the Federal/state
cooperative enforcement agreement program, and technical and analytical support
for Regional activities. Both Headquarters and the Regional offices are
responsible for quality assurance and quality control of all enforcement data
collected by EPA. Headquarters will also direct the OPTS laboratory data
integrity program, which inspects private testing laboratories to determine
compliance with Good Laboratory Practices regulations, audits in process and
scientific accuracy of completed test studies.
Increases of 4.0 workyears and $1,002,800 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation will support program response to the increased
enforcement requirements of the 1988 Amendments to FIFRA in areas of voluntary
suspension/cancellation of pesticides and associated disposal activities. These
activities cannot be financed through the Revolving Fund.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,099,600 supported by 132.2
total workyears for this program, of which $5,551,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $547,800 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears include 117.2 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 15.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund.
In 1990, the Agency is continuing to emphasize state participation in
pesticide compliance monitoring and enforcement activities through cooperative
enforcement agreements. There are 55 cooperative enforcement agreements with
states and territories and eleven additional agreements with Indian Tribes and
tribal organizations. Federal compliance monitoring activities continue in
states without cooperative agreements. Other Federal responsibilities include
import and export surveillance, technical and compliance assistance to the states
and the regulated community, and operation of a computer system maintaining
pesticide producer establishment and production records and other related
enforcement data. Tracking and enforcement of pesticide registration requirements
6-37
-------
continue to be a vital component of the Federal compliance program. Regions
are beginning in support of worker protection enforcement activities in the
states.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,447,800 supported by 112.5
total workyears for this program. Total dollars included $5,050,100 from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $397,700 from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation. Total workyears included 111.0 from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and 1.5 from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund.
In 1989, the Federal compliance monitoring program accomplished the
following: 106 inspections of pesticide producing establishments, 204 use and
re-entry inspections, 160 import inspections at ports of entry, 285 marketplace
inspections, and 47 laboratory inspections.
A total of 55 cooperative enforcement agreements were in place with states
and territories, plus another eight agreements with Indian Tribes and tribal
organizations in 1989. As part of the cooperative agreement program, the Agency
provided training for state inspectors, chemists and case development staff.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,803,400 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $3,359,400. The increase will allow states to increase
enforcement activities in support of the new worker protection regulations and
begin compliance programs in support of new ground-water and endangered species
protection programs. Also, the increase will allow states to provide 9,500
inspections to determine compliance with the new disposal, storage,
transportation, and recall regulations required by the 1988 Amendments to FIFRA,
as well as new pesticide compliance initiatives aimed at regulating pesticide
imports and exports.
The Agency will continue to expand the number of cooperative enforcement
agreements with participating states and territories to a total of 57, and
increase the number of agreements with Indian Nations to 14. The cooperative
enforcement agreement program continues to be the primary means for ensuring
public and environmental safety from hazardous pesticides by enforcing the
requirements of FIFRA. The program is designed to permit participating states
and territories to determine their program priorities and utilize the resources
provided to act upon these priorities.
State activities will include use and re-entry investigations, pesticide
producer establishment and marketplace inspections, applicator license and record
inspections, and dealer record inspections.
6-38
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,444,000 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Agency is continuing 55 cooperative enforcement agreements
with states and territories, and eleven additional agreements with Indian Tribes
and tribal organizations. These agreements emphasize user compliance with label
directions for proper use and application, as well as manufacturer adherence to
product formulation requirements under FIFRA. Inspections also address
applicator licenses and records, producer establishments, marketplaces, and
pesticide dealers.
In this fiscal year, a program in support of the new worker protection
regulations has begun. States are ensuring coordination with all agencies
responsible for the safety of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides,
notifying prospective constituents of the provisions of the final worker
protection rule, and conducting worker protection-related inspections, incident
investigations, and legal action. The inspections ensure that product labeling
includes the new worker protection statements and focus on new use-related
requirements under the revised regulations.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $8,928,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Under the terms of their cooperative enforcement agreements, 55
participating states and territories, plus eight Indian Nations, conducted 12,639
use, reentry and experimental use inspections, 1,488 inspections of
pesticide-producing establishments, 7,130 applicator license and record
inspections, 3,981 dealer record inspections, 5,662 marketplace inspections and
273 import inspections.
6-39
-------
7. RADIATION
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION 7-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-6
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance ... 7-8
Environmental Engineering and Technology 7-9
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines . . . 7-11
Radiation Program Implementation 7-15
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-18
Radon Action Program 7-21
Radon Action Program Implementation .... 7-25
Radon State Grant Program 7-28
-------
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
RADIATION
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Radiation
$11,862.7 $12,914.6 $12,464.2 $14,977.5 $2,513.3
$10,710.7 $20,623.3 $20,349.2 $21,612.7 $1,263.5
$2,170.7 $2.324.9 $2,258.1 $2,519.5 $261.4
$24,744.1 $35,862.8 $35,071.5 $39,109.7 $4,038.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
241.7 281.2 275.2 301.8 26.6
253.0 281.2 277.8 301.8 24.0
$22,383.1 $31,472.9 $31.330.5 $35,040.9 $3,710.4
The "Indoor Radon Abatement Act of 1988" authorizes
$45 million over 1989, 1990, and 1991. All other
authorization except for Research and Development is by
virtue of the Appropriation Act. The Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
7-1
-------
RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse
effects of radiation exposure is derived from several statutes: the Atomic
Energy Act, the Clean Air Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the
Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, the Indoor Radon Abatement Act
(IRAA) of 1988, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA).
Other authorities are contained in the Nuclear Waste Policy Act; the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act; the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
Act; the Safe Drinking Water Act; the Public Health Service Act; and the National
Environmental Policy Act.
The statutes prescribe EPA's role in assessing the environment, evaluating
technology, setting standards, issuing policy and guidance, and conducting
research. In some cases, the statutes vest enforcement responsibilities in other
agencies, notably the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). In these instances,
EPA performs some oversight functions to ensure compliance with establl-sbed
standards and guidance.
EPA's radiation program has four major objectives: (1) reduce health
effects and environmental impacts; (2) assess emerging radiation problems; (3)
maintain a capability to respond to emergencies; and (4) carry out supporting
research.
Reduce Adverse Health Effects and Environmental Impact from Radiation Exposure
through a Program of Standards and Guides
Under the Clean Air Act, EPA assesses and regulates source categories that
emit airborne radionuclides. The Agency promulgates and implements National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). In 1991 the Agency
will implement final NESHAPs rules issued in calendar year 1989, as well as begin
to carry out new requirements included in anticipated changes to the Clean Air
Act. EPA will provide implementation guidance to states and EPA Regional
Offices, and will work with states to transfer NESHAPs implementation
responsibility to them. The Agency will also develop model state guidance for
the control of radionuclides, establish training programs for implementation at
the Regional and state levels, maintain a national data base related to the
implementation program, and provide technical assistance to inspection teams.
EPA evaluates and regulates various classes of radioactive wastes and
disposal options through a program designed to ensure environmentally sound waste
disposal practices that limit exposure to radiation. As part of the effort to
address the problem of radioactive waste disposal, EPA will promulgate final low-
level and high-level radioactive waste standards. The Agency will also begin
to develop guidance for the clean-up of residual radioactivity.
7-2
-------
Assess and Quantify Existing and Emerging Radiation Problems and their Potential
Impact
The increasing use of radioactive materials has been accompanied by more
widespread knowledge about radiation exposure and the potential for contamination
of environmental pathways. As a consequence, requests for assistance in site
assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental samples have increased
substantially, particularly from the Federal sector.
One of the most significant radiation problems identified in recent years
is indoor radon. Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is estimated to
cause about 20,000 lung cancer fatalities annually. In response to elevated
indoor radon levels found across the country, the Congress enacted the Indoor
Radon Abatement Act (IRAA) in 1988. The Act includes a mandate to set a long-
term national goal of reducing indoor radon concentrations to ambient levels.
The radon program consists of four objectives: assessing the problem,
carrying out mitigation and prevention research and applications, developing
state and private sector capability, and developing and disseminating public
information and education materials. The activities , which incorporate functions
mandated under IRAA, the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA),
and other statutory authority, are part of an integrated program that relies on
a voluntary partnership among the Federal, state, and private sectors.
In 1991 EPA will continue its Radon state grant program to help states
develop and implement programs to assess and mitigate radon. The Agency will
conduct data analysis for the National Survey of Radon in Residences and issue
a final report. In addition, the Agency will complete the design of the National
Survey of Radon in Schools and will initiate a survey. EPA will also provide
assistance to states and Indian nations in the design and execution of state-
wide radon surveys. The national Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) program will
continue to evaluate the capability of mitigation firms and the national Radon
Measurement Proficiency (RMP) program will assess the capability of measurement
firms. EPA will continue to provide radon mitigation and prevention training
through regional training centers; the House Evaluation Programs (HEPs), which
provide hands-on radon measurement, mitigation, and prevention training to state
personnel, private contractors, and home builders; and the Radon Diagnostic and
Mitigation Training Course. The Agency will promulgate user fee regulations and
begin collecting fees for its radon training and proficiency programs.
Maintain a Capability to Respond to Emergencies and to Aid Development and
Testing of State. Local, and Federal Plans for Emergency Response
The Agency maintains the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS) to provide a mechanism for tracking and measuring large atmospheric
releases of radioactive materials across the country. The system also provides
continuous information on radiation levels in environmental pathways. The Agency
maintains two emergency response teams in a state of readiness so that they can
be flown to sites where significant radiation releases have occurred or appear
imminent. In 1991 EPA will extend the number of staff trained to respond to
radiation emergencies and evaluate the mobile radiation laboratories for
equipment refitting or replacement. The Agency will also participate in full
field exercises scheduled by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and
continue to monitor rocket launches in which radioactive materials are involved.
7-3
-------
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA will issue a draft interim
protective action guide (PAG) for ingestion (food and water) pathways, initiate
development of a training program for implementing the ingestion PAG, and
complete training programs for early phase (evaluation and sheltering) and
relocation PAGs.
Conduct Supporting Research
The EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) performs two key functions
in support of the Agency's radiation goals. First, ORD provides data needed to
support the Agency's Radon Action Program. In 1991 ORD will continue to
demonstrate radon mitigation techniques in a variety of residential structures,
in coordination with the Agency's HEP, and will use the results to publish
updated handbooks and technical manuals that detail mitigation techniques for
homeowners and builders. ORD will also continue its mitigation demonstration
program to address schools with elevated levels of radon.
Second, to assist laboratories that measure radionuclide emissions, ORD
provides monitoring and quality assurance support, including inter-laboratory
comparison studies. Under an interagency agreement with the Department of
Energy, ORD also provides support in the form of off-site monitoring around
nuclear test sites. This support includes long-term hydrological monitoring,
a human surveillance investigation program, and maintenance of a radiation data
base.
Consulting Services
The Office of Air and Radiation will fund a limited amount of consulting
services in 1991. These will be limited to obtaining specialized expertise for
radiochemical analyses, nuclear emergency response training, and the development
of computer models.
7-4
-------
RADIATION
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Regulations
Proposals .
Negative Determinations .
Promulgations
ACTUAL
1989
9
3
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1990 1991
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1991 VS 1990
3
3
10
-2
-3
-7
Key for Cumulative Outputs:
1989:
1990:
1991:
Radionuclide NESHAPs proposed for 9 source categories
Negative determination proposed for 3 source categories
Radionuclide NESHAPs promulgated for 9 source categories
Negative determinations final for 3 source categories
1 final Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act standard
promulgated
1 low-level waste standard proposed
1 high level waste standard proposed
Proposed amendment of Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) standards to include radionuclides.
1 low level waste standard promulgated
1 high level waste standard promulgated
Promulgate amendment of PSD standards
Radionuclide NESHAPs proposed for 1 source category
7-5
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research 7-6
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 7-8
Environmental Engineering and Technology 7-9
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$163.8
$163.8
$287.8
$287.8
$284.0
$284.0
$292.3
$292.3
$8.3
$8.3
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$1,160.5 $1,365.0 $1,134.1 $1,298.9 $164.8
$2,170.7 $2,324.9 $2,258.1 $2,519.5 $261.4
TOTAL $3,331.2 $3,689.9 $3,392.2 $3,818.4 $426.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Radiation Research
$1,324.3 $1,652.8 $1,418.1 $1,591.2
$2,170.7 $2.324.9 $2,258.1 $2,519.5
TOTAL $3,495.0 $3,977.7 $3,676.2 $4,110.7
$173.1
$261.4
$434.5
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
3.5 4.7
4.7
4.7
18.6 17.9 17.7 17.7
22.1 22.6 22.4 22.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
TOTAL UORKYEARS
3.7 4.7 4.7 4.7
18.7 17.9 17.7 17.7
22.4 22.6 22.4 22.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7-6
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
Principal Outputs by Oblective
Objective 1: Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal.
State, and Local Laboratories
1991: o Annual report for Calendar Year 1991 on off-site surveillance around
the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring).
1990: o Annual report for Calendar Year 1990 on off-site surveillance around
the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring).
o Annual report on laboratory radionuclide intercomparison studies
(Monitoring).
1989: o Annual report for Calendar Year 1989 on off-site surveillance around
the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring).
Objective 2: Provide Scientific Data to Support the Radon Action Program
1991: o Update on "Application of Radon Reduction Methods" (Engineering).
o Study of radon and radon progeny air cleaners, novel mitigation
concepts, and approaches for radon-resistant new school construction
(Engineering).
o Guidance Manual on Radon Resistant New Construction in Schools
(Engineering).
1990: o Second annual international symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction
Technology (Engineering).
o Updated guidance to mitigation professionals, do-it-yourself
homeowners, and State officials on radon mitigation techniques for
existing homes (Engineering).
o Report on initial school mitigation studies (Engineering).
1989: o Updated guidance manual "Radon Resistant Residential New Construction"
(Engineering).
o First Edition of the Technical Guidance Document on Radon Reduction
in Schools (Engineering).
7-7
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,110,700 supported by 22.4 total workyears
for 1991, an increase of $434,500 from 1990 and no change in total workyears.
Of the request, $1,591,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,519,500 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase
of $173,100 and $261,400 respectively.
Program Objectives
This research program provides the Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and
other EPA, Federal, Regional, State and local officials with the scientific data,
methods, assessments and mitigative techniques necessary to determine and control
public exposure to radon and other radioactive materials in the environment. The
following objectives support these goals:
Objective 1. Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal.
State, and Local Laboratories. This program provides comprehensive radiological
monitoring and surveillance services to meet specific Department of Energy (DOE)
requirements for its nuclear testing programs, especially at the Nevada Test Site.
This work is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE. EPA conducts
a radiochemical analytical quality assurance program which supports Federal,
State, and local laboratories making radioactivity measurements.
Objective 2. Provide Scientific Data to Support the Radon Action Plan.
Under this program, the Office of Research and Development (ORD) conducts research
on, demonstrates and evaluates techniques to prevent and mitigate exposure to
radon gas in new and existing homes, and in school buildings.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $292,300 supported by 4.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents a minor increase in support for increased
personnel and support costs, and no change in total workyears.
Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal. State, and
Local Laboratories. This research program will provide the data needed by policy-
makers to make decisions regarding the control of public exposure to radioactive
materials. Monitoring support for DOE at the Nevada Test Site and other test
locations will be provided. An annual report for Calendar Year 1991 will be
completed on the off-site surveillance around the Nevada Test Site. This support
consists of a radiation safety monitoring program; a long-term hydrological
monitoring program; a human radiation monitoring program; and maintenance of the
radiation data base. Technical expertise and guidance will be provided to
Regional, State, and contractor laboratories for radiochemical analyses of
7-8
-------
environmental samples. Inter-laboratory comparison studies will be conducted to
provide data on the precision and accuracy of radioactivity measurements in milk,
drinking water, and air.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $284,000 supported by 4.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Monitoring support, including routine monitoring in off-site areas .and
support during nuclear tests is being provided to the Department of Energy at the
Nevada Test Site and other installations. This will include reports on the
laboratory radionuclide intercomparision studies, and the anuual report for
surveillance around the Nevada Test Site for Calendar Year 1990. Support will
also be provided to the site characterization studies of Yucca Mountain under
consideration as a potential site for the disposal of high-level radioactive
waste. Activities there will include both baseline studies and monitoring during
facility construction. In addition, the Agency is conducting a quality assurance
program for Regional, State, and contractor laboratories involved in the
radiochemical analyses of radionuclides in environmental samples.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $163,800 supported by 3.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The research program office published the annual report on the off-site
surveillance program for Calendar Year 1989.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,818,400 supported by 17.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,298,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,519,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $164,800 and $261,400 respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in funding will be used for
increased personnel and support costs, and school mitigation research,
respectively.
Provide Scientific Data to Support the Radon Action Plan. Exposure to
indoor radon gas poses a significant risk to public health. To address the risks
associated with radon and to respond to growing public concern, the "Radon Gas
and Indoor Air Quality Research Act of 1986" (SARA, Title IV) and the "Indoor
Radon Abatement Act of 1988" were enacted. These Acts authorize EPA to conduct
a variety of applied research on indoor radon including demonstrations of
techniques to reduce exposures. The primary objective of the radon mitigation
program is to develop and demonstrate technology that achieves an indoor air
quality that is as free of radon as the ambient air outside. The 1991 radon
research program will carry out this responsibility three ways: (1) demonstrating
7-9
-------
and evaluating mitigation techniques in existing homes; (2) evaluating preventive
measures for homes under construction; and (3) evaluating mitigation techniques
for school buildings. The School Mitigation Research program will emphasize
demonstrations of the effectiveness of sub-slab suction systems in a variety of
geological and climatic conditions around the country. Also this program will
assess whether radon mitigation techniques presently used in houses are effective
in schools. The school mitigation program will provide the results from the
research to State agencies and local school districts. The research program will
update the "Application of Radon Reduction Methods." The research office will
also do a study on radon and radon progeny air cleaners, novel mitigation
concepts, and approaches for radon-resistant new school construction. The
research office will produce a guidance manual on radon resistant new construction
in schools.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,392,200 supported by 17.7
total workyears for this program, of which $1,134,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,258,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
Radiation mitigation research will emphasize the development and
demonstration of radon mitigation technologies which will reduce indoor radon
levels to 4 pCi/L in both new and existing homes and in schools. This research
will develop techniques appropriate for a sample of home construction types,
geological characteristics, geographic variations and initial radon levels. The
School Mitigation Research program will develop and demonstrate radon mitigation
techniques for schools and will assist the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) in
providing technical assistance to Regions, States, and local school authorities.
This will include a report on the initial school mitigation studies. There will
be an updated guidance to mitigation professionals, do-it-yourself homeowners,
and State officials on radon mitigation techniques for existing homes.
Specifically, the Agency will examine and issue a study on the structural,
architectural, and ventilation differences between homes and schools to determine
if the unique characteristics of school buildings alter the effectiveness of
previously examined mitigation techniques. The second annual international
symposium on radon and radon reduction technology will held in 1990.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,331,200 supported by 18.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,160,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,170,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Demonstrations of radon mitigation techniques were conducted in new and
existing homes, and in schools. Technical guidance documents were produced for
both of these dwellings. The brochure "Radon Reduction Methods: A Homeowners
Guide" continued to be reprinted and widely circulated throughout the nation. The
results of research in new homes was used to update the manual entitled "Radon
Resistant Residential New Construction." In addition, Agency staff provided
technical information to community leaders and participating homeowners at
demonstration sites. The first edition of the "Technical Guidance Document on
Radon Reduction in Schools" was published.
7-10
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards and Guidelines 7-11
Radiation Program Implementation 7-15
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment 7-18
Radon Action Program 7-21
Radon Action Program Implementation 7-25
Radon State Grant Program 7-28
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards &.Guidelines
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Criteria,
Standards & Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $3,364.2 $3,469.6 $3,422.9 $4,034.8 $611.9
Abatement Control and $1,939.1 $1,766.8 $1,744.3 $2,194.4 $450.1
Compliance
TOTAL $5,303.3 $5,236.4 $5,167.2 $6,229.2 $1,062.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $3,364.2 $3,469.6 $3,422.9 $4,034.8 $611.9
Abatement Control and $1,939.1 $1,766.8 $1,744.3 $2,194.4 $450.1
Compliance
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL $5,303.3 $5,236.4 $5,167.2 $6,229.2 $1,062.0
Standards & Guidelines
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria, 56.7 57.6 57.6 ' 61.6 4.0
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 56.7 57.6 57.6 61.6 4.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria, 58.4 57.6 57.6 61.6 4.0
Standards & Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 58.4 57.6 57.6 61.6 4.0
7-11
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,229,200 supported by 61.6 total workyears
for 1991. Of the request, $4,034,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,194,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $611,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $450,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 4.0 workyears from 1990.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,229,200 supported by 61.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,034,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,194,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $611,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $450,100 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 4.0 workyears from 1990. EPA will
use the increases to develop guidance for state permit programs under the final
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) covering
airborne radionuclides.
In 1991 EPA will continue to concentrate on three major program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste
management, and developing Federal guidance. The airborne radionuclides effort
will focus on implementing the final NESHAPs rules issued in calendar year 1989.
The Agency will continue to promote the transfer of NESHAPs implementation.
responsibilities to the states. This effort will include the development of
guidance and criteria for state permit programs for the radionuclide NESHAPs.
The Agency will also develop model state guidance for the control of airborne
radionuclides, establish training programs for implementing these standards at
the Regional and state levels, maintain a national data base related to the
implementation program, and provide technical assistance to enforcement efforts.
EPA will promulgate final standards for the disposal of low-level and high-
level radioactive wastes. The Agency will also begin to develop guidance on the
clean-up of residual radioactivity. Over 20,000 sites (including Department of
Energy facilities and over 100 nuclear power reactors) exist where radioactive
materials are used. Many of these will be candidates for decommissioning over
the next several decades. Without controls, lifetime health risks could be as
high as 1 in 100. Billions of dollars potentially could be wasted by inadequate
clean-up efforts.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA will issue draft
interim protective action guides (PAGs) for ingestion (food and water) pathways,
initiate development of a draft interim PAG for accident contamination recovery,
initiate development of a training program for implementing these PAGs, and
"\
7-12
-------
complete training programs for the early phase (evaluation and sheltering) and
relocation PAGs.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,167,200 supported by 57.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,422,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,744,300 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 EPA is concentrating on three major program areas: addressing
airborne radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste management,
and developing Federal guidance. The Agency is focusing the 1990 airborne
radionuclides effort on implementing the final NESHAPs rules issued in calendar
year 1989. The Agency is initiating a program to promote the transfer of NESHAPs
implementation responsibilities to the states and is providing guidance to those
states seeking delegation of authority. EPA is also conducting pilot Regional
and state training programs and providing guidance to the Regions on implementing
the regulations. In addition, the Agency is developing a national data base on
radionuclide emissions for the implementation program. Finally, the Agency is
reviewing requests for construction, waivers, or alternative standards.
The courts have stayed the portion of the NESHAPs rules that governs air
emissions of radionuclides from facilities regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC), pending reconsideration of this portion of the rule. EPA will
determine the result of this reconsideration in 1990.
As part of the effort to address the problem of radioactive waste disposal,
EPA is continuing its efforts to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM)
for the land disposal of low-level radioactive waste, including naturally
occurring and accelerator produced materials. In order to provide required
implementation assistance to the Regions and states, the Agency is developing
site evaluation guidance and a site evaluation model as well as other user-
friendly computer models. In addition, following the completion of both the
background information document and the economic assessment, EPA will conduct
public hearings and receive and consider comments for the low-level waste final
rule.
EPA is also developing new high-level waste standards as required by a
court remand. The Agency will complete a background information document and
an economic assessment, issue a NPRM, and hold public hearings in 1990. In
addition, the Agency will augment existing standards for inactive mill tailings
sites under the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act with the
repromulgation of standards for ground water protection at these sites.
The Agency is maintaining its radiofrequency measurement capabilities and
conducting limited field studies for electromagnetic fields. The Agency is
developing a public information document and is continuing to provide technical
advice, assistance, and oversight.
As part of its nuclear accident response efforts, EPA will issue in 1990
revised draft interim PAGs for early phase and relocation and is initiating
development of draft interim PAGs for ingestion pathway's. The Agency is
7-13
-------
conducting a training program to help ensure the uniform application of PAGs
nationwide in emergency situations.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated $5,303,300 and 58.4 total workyears for this
program, of which $3,364,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,939,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 EPA worked to revise the radionuclide NESHAPs in accordance with
the court remand of established standards. The Agency published a notice of
proposed rulemaking, conducted public hearings, and received and considered
comments. The Agency made modifications, as necessary, to respond to the court
decision that limits the use of cost factors in establishing required levels.
EPA reviewed all standards previously promulgated for compliance with the court
order, and reexamined source categories that were determined not to require
regulation to determine the propriety of those decisions.
EPA continued efforts to publish the NPRM for land disposal of low-level
radioactive waste and to repropose the high-level waste standard remanded by the
court. In support of these efforts, EPA continued development of background
information documents and economic assessments for both standards. The Agency
phased down the development of residual radioactivity guidance after completing
a risk assessment and a sensitivity analysis of the on-site pathway code. In
addition, the Agency initiated an inventory of contaminated sites.
EPA completed a study of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the Voice
of America radio tower and issued a report of the findings. The Agency also
developed PAGs for early phase and for relocation in the event of a nuclear
incident. The Agency incorporated the PAGs for relocation into the Manual of
Protective Actions, used in Federal, state, and local emergency preparedness
plans in the event of a domestic or foreign radiation incident. The Agency
initiated work on revised draft interim PAGs for early phase and relocation.
7-14
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $445.1 $364.2 $363.2 $827.9 $464.7
TOTAL $445.1 $364.2 $363.2 $827.9 $464.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL
$445.1
$445.1
$364.2
$364.2
$363.2
$363.2
$827.9
$827.9
$464.7
$464.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
7.2
7.2
7.0
7.0
5.5
5.5
17.0
17.0
11.5
11.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
9.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
7.0 17.0
7.0 17.0
10.0
10.0
7-15
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $827,900 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for 1991, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $464,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and an increase of 10.0 total workyears from 1990.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $827,900 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $464,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of 10.0 total workyears from 1990. The
Agency will use the increase to implement, at the Regional level, the final
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) covering
airborne radionuclides.
In 1991 the Regions will participate fully in all aspects of the
radionuclide NESHAPs implementation program. Currently, many state radiation
programs are not adequate to assume delegated authority for implementing the
radionuclide NESHAPs. Consequently, the Agency must bear primary responsibility
for implementing the program. Much of this task will fall on the Regional
offices. They will perform many of the initial permitting functions while at
the same time work to strengthen state radiation programs to accept delegated
authority for implementing the radionuclide NESHAPs. The Regions will also
review applications from regulated facilities for construction permits,
modifications to facilities, and waivers and exemptions. Regional staff will
also provide technical assistance for radionuclide NESHAPs enforcement
activities.
The testing and evaluation of state emergency response plans will continue
to be an important element of Regional operations, along with the review of
updated plans. EPA will continue to assist states in the development of
radiological emergency response plans and will formally review these plans along
with other Federal agencies. Also, the Regions will remain involved with state
agencies and the public in presenting and interpreting Agency information and
guidance regarding radiation problems in their area.
The Regions will continue to participate in the identification and assessment
of hazardous waste sites that are contaminated with radioactivity, and will serve
as coordination points for remedial action programs for such sites in their
Regions. This effort supports both the EPA Headquarters hazardous waste programs
and the requests from the states. The Regions will continue to be the primary
reviewers of environmental impact statements for radiation facilities, such as
commercial nuclear power plants, uranium mines and mills, and radioactive waste
7-16
-------
disposal facilities. They will also respond to special problems involving actual
or potential radiation releases or exposures.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $363,200 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1990 the Regions are participating in all aspects of the implementation
program for emission sources within their geographic boundaries covered by
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides. Implementation includes reviewing requests
to construct or modify facilities subject to radionuclide NESHAPs. The Regions
are also providing coordination necessary where the national program is directly
involved in implementation of the radionuclide NESHAPs in areas such as waivers
and alternate requirements.
In addition, the Regional radiation program is continuing to focus on
emergency preparedness and technical assistance to states, including
participating in Regional Assistance Committees, testing and evaluating emergency
response plans, and reviewing updated state and local emergency response plans.
Regional programs also continue to be involved in the characterization of
hazardous waste sites subject to possible remedial action. This includes staff
participation as on-site radiation consultants in addressing problems at sites
that are on the Superfund National Priority List. The Regions are continuing
as the primary reviewer of environmental impact statements for radiation
facilities, such as uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste disposal
facilities.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $445,100 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1989 emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the states and
other EPA Regional programs remained a central focus of the Regional radiation
program. The Regions also reviewed requests to construct or modify facilities
and requests for exemptions for facilities covered by airborne radionuclide
NESHAPs. They continued to review environmental impact statements for radiation
facilities, such as uranium mills and mines, and radioactive waste disposal
sites. They also continued to be involved in the characterization of hazardous
waste sites, and provided technical assistance and advice to the Superfund
program on actual or possible remedial actions.
7-17
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries & Expenses $3,271.2 $3,151.2 $3,092.8 $3,340.5 $247.7
Abatement Control and $29.0 $29.9 $29.6 $30.3 $.7
Compliance .
TOTAL $3,300.2 $3.181.1 $3,122.4 $3.370.8 $248.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $3,271.2 $3,151.2 $3,092.8 $3,340.5 $247.7
Abatement Control and $29.0 $29.9 $29.6 $30.3 $.7
Compliance
Radiation TOTAL $3,300.2 $3,181.1 $3,122.4 $3,370.8 $248.4
Environmental Impact
Assessment
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental 44.4 51.0 51.0 51.0 0.0
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 44.4 51.0 51.0 51.0 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental 48.6 51.0 51.0 51.0 0.0
Impact Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS 48.6 51.0 51.0 51.0 0.0
7-18
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,370,800 supported by 51.0 total workyears
for 1991. Of the request, $3,340,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $30,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $247,700 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $700 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change total workyears.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,370,800 supported by 51.0 total workyears
of which $3,340,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$30,300 will be for Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $247,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
an increase of $700 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and
no change in total workyears. The increase reflects increased personnel and
support costs.
In 1991 the Agency will continue to support development, implementation,
and enforcement of standards under the Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and
other statutory authorities. This will include laboratory support to be provided
to the Regions and states for air sampling in conjunction with the implementation
effort for airborne radionuclide National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPs).
The Agency will continue work to enhance its ability to respond to nuclear
accidents. This effort will once again include training additional radiation
staff beyond those who routinely participate in emergency response tests and
exercises. In 1991 EPA will also evaluate the mobile radiation laboratories for
equipment refitting or replacement. EPA will continue to maintain its base
emergency response capabilities at two field locations and Headquarters, and will
participate in field exercises scheduled by the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA). The Agency will continue to monitor rocket launches in which
radioactive materials are involved. The 268 stations of the Environmental
Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS), which collect and analyze samples
of air, precipitation, and milk to help determine ambient radiation levels, will
continue in full operation.
The Agency will continue technical analyses and associated quality
assurance programs in support of regulatory development and implementation
efforts. EPA will continue to provide limited support to states, Indian nations,
other Federal agencies, and other parts of EPA in the form of radiochemical
analyses, technical assistance, and participation in targeted conferences to
address unique radiation problems.
7-19
A
-------
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,122,400 supported by 51.0
total workyears for this program, of which $3,092,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $29,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1990 EPA is continuing to support the development, implementation, and
enforcement of standards and guidance. This includes support for implementing
NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides and collecting and analyzing air samples from
facilities to verify compliance with existing standards.
EPA continues to maintain emergency response capabilities at two field
locations and Headquarters and to participate in field exercises scheduled by
FEMA. In calendar year 1989 EPA participated in the response to three
potentially uncontrolled releases of radiological contamination -- discharges
at the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant near Denver, Colorado; abandoned stores
of radium at the Radium Chemical warehouse in New York City, and the launch of
the Atlantic Space Shuttle carrying the nuclear powered satellite, Galileo. In
1990 EPA is extending training for nuclear accident responses to the radiation
staff beyond the core group who normally participate in tests and exercises of
the existing Federal emergency response plans. Other activities include
coordinating EPA Regional review and testing of state emergency response plans;
participating in contingency planning for the space shuttle launch carrying the
nuclear powered satellite, Ulysses, in the Autumn of 1990; assisting other EPA
offices and state radiological programs; and operating ERAMS.
EPA also provides limited support to states, other Federal agencies, and
other parts of EPA in the form of radiochemical analyses, technical assistance,
and participation in the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors. The
Agency is making available reports of radiation levels in naval harbors surveyed
at the request of the Navy.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $3,300,200 supported by 48.6 total
workyears for this program of which $3,271,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $29,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1989 EPA continued laboratory and technical support for regulation and
guidance development. The Agency continued to develop risk assessment
methodology in support of regulations for residual radioactivity at
decommissioned nuclear facilities. The Agency also conducted environmental
assessments in harbors servicing nuclear-powered vessels, in accordance with an
Interagency Agreement with the Navy. A similar arrangement with the Federal
Communications Commission provides for measurement of radiofrequency levels in
specific locations of interest or concern.
Program activities also included the maintenance of an emergency response
capability, coordination of EPA Regional review and testing of state emergency
response plans, participation in the Defense Nuclear Agency-sponsored Distinct
Action exercise, assistance to other EPA offices and to state radiological
programs, and operation of ERAMS.
7-20
-------
RADIATION
Radon Action Program
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Salaries & Expenses $2,662.1 $3,096.5 $2,756.7 $3,547.1 $590.4
Abatement Control and $8,742.6 $17,842.0 $9.603.2 $10,388.0 $784.8
Compliance
TOTAL $11,404.7 $20,938.5 $12,359.9 $13,735.1 $1,375.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,662.1 $3,096.5 $2,756.7 $3,347.1 $590.4
Abatement Control and $8,742.6 $17,842.0 $9,603.2 $10,388.0 $784.8
Compliance
Radon Action TOTAL $11,404.7 $20,938.5 $12,359.9 $13,735.1 $1,375.2
Program
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program 38.5 54.7 49.5 51.1 1.6
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 38.5 54.7 49.5 51.1 1.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program 39.4 54.7 49.5 51.1 1.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS 39.4 54.7 49.5 51.1 1.6
7-21
-------
RADIATION
Radon Action Program
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,735,100 supported by 51.1 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $1,375,200 and 1.6 total workyears from 1990.
Of the request, $3,347,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $10,388,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $590,400 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $784,800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and an increase of 1.6 total workyears.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,735,100 supported by 51.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,347,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,388,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $590,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $784,800 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and an increase of 1.6 total workyears. The increases
reflect an increase in personnel and support costs, increased measurement and
mitigation training and technical assistance to schools, and initiation of the
National Survey of Radon in Schools.
In 1991 EPA will continue to conduct a comprehensive Radon Action Program
through partnerships with states to minimize the health risks of radon exposure.
The Agency will continue to assess the nation's radon problems in homes, schools,
and other public buildings. The Agency will complete data analysis for the
national survey of radon in residences and issue a final report. The Agency
will also complete design of the national survey of radon in schools and initiate
the survey. This survey will target high-risk areas, characterize the nature
and extent of radon contamination in the nation's school buildings, and be
complemented by the transfer of more detailed information about measurement and
mitigation techniques to schools throughout the country. EPA will also provide
assistance to three to five states in the design and execution of state-wide
radon surveys, as well as to two Indian nations.
The national Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Program will continue to
evaluate the capability of mitigation firms and make the information available
to the states and public. EPA will provide radon mitigation and prevention
training through regional training centers; the House Evaluation Programs (HEPs) ,
which provide hands-on radon measurement, mitigation, and prevention training
to state personnel, private contractors, and home builders; the transfer of
measurement and mitigation information to school officials through hands-on
training and workshops; and the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course.
The Agency will complete national model building standards and release them to
the public. The Agency will also work with building code organizations and local
governments to promote the adoption of these standards.
7-22
-------
The Agency will continue to operate the national Radon Measurement
Proficiency (RMP) Program and provide information to the states and the public
on the proficiency of measurement firms. EPA will also provide assistance to
states in dealing with critical radon problems and will continue to develop the
capabilities of state programs through oversight of the state grant program.
The Agency will develop a national radon database and begin to operate a national
radon information clearinghouse. The Agency will also promulgate user fee
regulations and expects to begin collecting fees for its radon training and
proficiency programs at the beginning of FY 1991.
EPA will issue the revised edition of the public information brochure, "A
Citizen's Guide to Radon." The updated brochure will include information on
health risks to special populations, costs and feasibility of radon mitigation,
and a series of recommended action levels. The Agency will continue the national
media campaign in cooperation with the Advertising Council and will develop a
cooperative agreement with the American Lung Association to conduct public
eduction and information programs. Other public information activities will
include developing information and audiovisual materials for target audiences,
co-sponsoring regional meetings with selected national organizations, and
sponsoring a national radon symposium.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $12,359,900 supported by 49.5
total workyears for this program, of which $2,756,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,603,200 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990 EPA is continuing to implement a comprehensive Radon Action Program
to address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure. Specific activities
include completing the field operation and data collection phase of the national
survey of radon in residences, completing the design of a national survey of
radon in schools, developing protocols for measuring radon in schools, initiating
development of measurement protocols for workplaces, and assisting Federal
agencies with workplace studies. EPA is also continuing to assist individual
states and Indian nations in the design and execution of surveys, including the
collection of screening measurements in homes and the presentation of analyses
of potentially high-risk radon areas to the public.
The Agency is also initiating the national RCP Program to evaluate the
capability of firms to mitigate radon. EPA is assisting Federal agencies through
mitigation training and continuing the transfer of measurement and mitigation
information to school officials through hands-on training and workshops. Other
radon mitigation and prevention activities include continuing the HEP, developing
national model building standards, and offering three to five sessions of the
Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course to augment the regional training
center program.
EPA is also continuing the national RMP Program to assure consumers of the
ability of firms to accurately measure radon levels. In addition, Agency is
continuing efforts to develop the capabilities of state and local personnel
through three regional training centers. In 1990 EPA will select at least one
additional regional training center and establish it through a cooperative
agreement. The Agency is also designing a national indoor radon database and
7-23
-------
a national radon information clearinghouse to collect and disseminate information
on the radon problem.
EPA is developing technical and public information materials and making
them available for distribution to state and Federal officials, the private
sector, and homeowners. The Agency is continuing data evaluation and analysis
to revise "A Citizen's Guide to Radon" and preparing a draft of the document.
EPA will conduct a national media campaign in cooperation with the Advertising
Council and continue regional meetings for health professionals with the American
Medical Association (AMA). EPA/AMA are jointly developing a brochure on radon
health effects for distribution this year. Finally, the Agency will propose a
rule to establish user fees for services provided through the radon training and
proficiency programs.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $11,404,700 supported by 39.4 total
workyears, of which $2,662,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,742,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA continued to implement the Radon Action Program to minimize the health
risks of radon. Specific activities included continuing field work and data
collection efforts associated with the national survey of radon in residences.
The Agency also provided interim protocols for measuring and mitigating radon
in schools and prepared for a national survey of radon in schools. EPA provided
direct technical assistance to states, including assisting eight states in the
design and conduct of intensive state-wide surveys.
In 1989 EPA continued to conduct the national RHP Program. In addition,
the Agency developed the national RCP Program to evaluate radon mitigation firms
and provide information to the public on the capability of firms working in the
radon mitigation field. EPA also initiated the development of national model
building standards for radon reduction in new construction.
The Agency established three regional training centers through cooperative
agreements in 1989. EPA incorporated new technology into the HEP and evaluated
and designed mitigation schemes for 20 homes in that program, through which
nearly 200 state and private sector personnel were provided hands-on measurement
and mitigation training. EPA also initiated similar training on a limited basis
for school facility directors. The Agency updated the Radon Diagnostic and
Mitigation Training Course and conducted seven sessions of the course in 1989.
The Agency developed technical and public information materials and made
them available for distribution to state and Federal officials, the private
sector, and homeowners. EPA also began data evaluation and analysis to revise
"A Citizen's Guide to Radon." EPA and the AMA continued regional meetings for
health professionals and initiated development of a joint EPA/AMA brochure on
radon health effects.
7-24
-------
RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radon Action Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$795.8 $1,180.3 $1,410.5 $1,836.0 $425.5
$795.8 $1,180.3 $1,410.5 $1,836.0 $425.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL
$795.8 $1,180.3. $1,410.5 $1,836.0 $425.5
$795.8 $1,180.3 $1,410.5 $1,836.0 $425.5
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
15.2
15.2
27.3
27.3
28.2
28.2
37.7
37.7
9.5
9.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
Implementation
TOTAL UORKYEARS
16.2
16.2
27.3
27.3
29.3
29.3
37.7
37.7
8.4
8.4
7-25
-------
RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,836,000 supported by 37.7 total workyears
for 1990, an increase $425,500 and 8.4 total workyears from 1990. All of the
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,836,000 supported by 37.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $425,500 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of 8.4 total workyears from 1990. The
increases reflect oversight required for the state grant and regional training
center programs.
In 1991 Regional staff will continue to work through partnerships developed
with states to implement the Agency's Radon Action Program. Regional staff will
work with states to conduct EPA-assisted statewide surveys, and will help states
that have completed their surveys to interpret the results and design effective
follow-up programs. Three to five states and two Indian nations will conduct
surveys in 1991, measuring radon levels in 7,000 to 10,000 homes. This will
bring the number of Agency-assisted state surveys to approximately 35. The
Regions will also continue to participate in the House Evaluation Programs
(HEPs).
The Regions will be the focal point for implementation of the radon state
grant program in 1991. Regions will review state grant applications against
established criteria and will ensure that grant funds are used effectively.
The Regions will work with the Headquarters program, the states, and local
governments in the design and implementation of surveys in schools and in
workplaces, especially in Federal buildings, to further identify elevated radon
levels. The Regions will provide direct oversight to the regional training
centers, which also conduct testing for the national Radon Contractor Proficiency
(RCP) Program. The Regions will also work with states and local governments for
the adoption of radon building standards and will provide advice and assistance
to states that want to establish additional consumer protection functions, such
as licensing measurement and mitigation contractors.
The Regions will continue to provide information to states and members of
the public. They will participate in or conduct educational programs, symposia,
and workshops for state and local officials, contractors, and the public.
1990 Program
7-26
-------
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $1,410,500 supported by 29.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1990 the Regional Offices are continuing to support implementation of
the Radon Action Program by supporting the development of state and local radon
capabilities and by coordinating radon activities at the state and local level.
Regions are overseeing implementation of the Agency's new radon state grant
program, including assisting states in their development of applications for
Federal assistance, negotiating the grants, and reviewing states' use of grant
funds. Additionally, EPA is assisting eight states in the design and execution
of. state-wide radon surveys. Through these surveys, states will collect
screening measurements in 15,000 to 20,000 homes and the Regions will assist in
making the results available to the public.
The Regions oversee the operation of regional training centers and arrange
presentations of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course at selected
locations. In 1990 the Regions are also assisting the states in their efforts
to conduct the course independently. The Regions are participating in the HEP.
The Regions are providing support to the states to help them address the most
critical radon problems as they are discovered. This support is geared toward
promoting state self-sufficiency. The Regions are also assisting in the
distribution of EPA's public information materials and participating in numerous
public awareness activities.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $795,800 supported by 16.2 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1989 Regional Offices continued to coordinate activities to support the
implementation of the radon program by providing direct support to the states
in the development of state capabilities. This included assistance in developing
state survey designs, review of state plans for participation in the national
assessment of indoor radon, assistance in the development of state radon
capabilities, participation in the HEP, and technical advice and assistance to
state and local governments.
The Regions assisted in the selection of sites for regional training
centers and provided assistance to states in their development of applications
to the state grant program which is issuing grants for the first time in 1990.
The Regions also participated in the presentation of the Radon Diagnostic and
Mitigation Training Course. The Regions provided support to states to deal with
critical radon problems. The Regions also continued to assist in the
distribution of public information materials, conduct outreach programs to the
public and local agencies as part of a continuing radon educational program, and
participate in radon public awareness activities.
7-27
-------
RADIATION
Radon State Grants Program
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radon State Grants
Program
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$984.6 $8,972.1 $9,000.0 $27.9
$984.6 $8,972.1 $9,000.0 $27.9
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radon State Grants TOTAL
Program
$984.6 $8,972.1 $9,000.0 $27.9
$984.6 $8,972.1 $9,000.0 $27.9
7-28
-------
RADIATION
Radon State Grant Program
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for 1991, an increase of $27,900
from 1990. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
RADON STATE GRANT PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $27,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
from 1990. The increases are to provide additional direct funding to states.
In 1991 EPA will continue to issue grants to states to assist in the
development and implementation of programs to assess and mitigate radon. State
programs funded through these Federal grants will continue to include activities
such as carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon assessment, mitigation,
and control programs; developing public information and education materials;
developing data storage and management systems; operating radon hotlines; and
purchasing analytical equipment. In 1991, the second year of program, states
must provide a 40 percent match to Federal funding.
Headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions, will continue to develop
criteria used to evaluate states' use of grant funds. In 1991 this will include
criteria for assessing state efforts to ensure the adoption of model building
standards as directed in Section 306 of the Indoor Radon Abatement Act. The
Agency will continue to provide national oversight of the grant program.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is obligating a total of $8,972,100 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, for the first time, EPA is issuing grants to states to assist them
in the development and implementation of- programs to assess and mitigate radon.
State programs funded through these Federal grants include activities such as
carrying out radon surveys; establishing radon assessment, mitigation, and
control programs; developing public information and educational materials;
developing data storage and management systems; operating radon hotlines; and
purchasing analytical equipment. Headquarters, in cooperation with the Regions,
is developing the specific criteria used to evaluate state grant applications
and will oversee administration and evaluation of the national program.
1989 Accomplishments
This grant program is being initiated in 1990.
7-29
-------
8. MULTIMEDIA
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MULTIMEDIA 8-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research 8-4
Scientific Assessment 8-17
Quality Assurance Management 8-18
Technical Information and Liaison 8-19
Health Effects 8-21
Core Research - Health Risk 8-22
Human Exposure 8-23
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 8-24
Multimedia Activities .... 8-25
Core Research - Grants and Centers . 8-25
Exploratory Research 8-26
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-28
Ecological Status and Trends 8-29
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-30
Capital Investments 8-31
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-32
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management 8-35
Multimedia Training Grants 8-38
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-40
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-42
Criminal Investigations Program 8-48
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 8-50
-------
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
MULTIMEDIA
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Multimedia
$36,040.9 $41,702.9 $42,029.9 $54,146.6 $12,116.7
$9,698.2 $12,149.3 $11,918.4 $16,641.7 $4,723.3
$34,125.1 $69,773.2 $72,912.9 $95,631.1 $22,718.2
$79,864.2 $123,625.4 $126,861.2 $166,419.4 $39,558.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
598.2 776.0 723.1 841.5 118.4
641.4 776.0 744.3 841.5 97.2
$66,049.9 $115,606.1 $115,082.1 $153,027.4 $37,945.3
All authorization except for Research and Development
is by virtue of the Appropriation Act. The Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act expired
September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
8-1
-------
MULTIMEDIA
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Multimedia program is composed
of activities that provide support to all media programs. Such support addresses
environmental concerns that affect several media. This includes the multimedia
research program, Federal agency environmental compliance program, the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) compliance program, and the legal support and
criminal program of the Agency's enforcement activities.
Multimedia Research
The Multimedia Research Program consists of two major components: long-term
"core" research and other multimedia research activities.
The Core Research program consist of four major research areas of focus in
which the Agency is strengthening its long-term environmental research
capabilities. These are:
1. Ecological risk,
2. Health risk,
3. Risk reduction, and
4. Exploratory research grants and academic research centers.
These areas are designed to: increase our knowledge and understanding of system-
wide environmental problems; determine what impacts ecological changes have on
human health, and improve our ability to anticipate and prevent pollution;
Specifically, the Ecological Risk area will define indicators to assess
ecological health, collect statistics and other relevant data to define ecological
quality trends and report on them periodically. The Health Risk area will develop
dose-response and exposure models for estimating the effects of environmental
pollution on humans. The Risk Reduction area will develop new tools and
strategies for pollution prevention involving industry, state and local
governments, communities, and individuals. The Exploratory Research Grants and
Academic Centers area will provide support for long term exploratory environmental
research through grants and academic research centers.
Other multimedia research activities will continue to: develop uniform risk
assessment guidelines and coordinate with other agencies through the Risk
Assessment Forum; provide production and transfer of technical and scientific
information products; provide centralized guidance and management for the Agency's
Quality Assurance efforts; promote the Visiting Scientist and the Small Business
Innovative Research programs; support national and international cooperative
efforts to understand pollutant exposures and human health effects and; ensuring
that the Agency acquires state-of-the-art scientific instrumentation to produce
quality research and attract and retain the highest quality researchers.
8-2
-------
Abatement. Control, and Compliance
This Multimedia Program consist of two major activities to ensure multimedia
environmental compliance by Federal organizations and related groups and promote
transfer of technical information to organization outside EPA.
The Environmental Review and Coordination Program accomplishes statutory
objectives of three authorities: the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA);
Clean Air Act, Section 309; and Executive Order 12088 - Federal Compliance with
Pollution Control Standards. This program also includes four program activities
to support Regional multimedia projects and EPA technology transfer activities.
The NEPA compliance program assures EPA's actions comply with the intent of NEPA.
This includes reviews of Agency programs that are not specifically covered by
NEPA. The Federal facilities compliance program oversees Federal compliance with
all Federal statutory environmental requirements, and specifically with Executive
Order 12088. The Indians program develops and implements policies for dealing
with environmental problems on Indian lands. Regional multimedia projects enable
rapid response to unique environmental problems.
EPA's overall technology transfer activities are intended to improve
efficiency and performance in environmental programs through technology transfer
and information exchange.
Enforcement
The Enforcement Legal Support Program provides consistent direction to EPA
enforcement activities for all non-Superfund and noh-LUST media to ensure that
all media enforcement programs contribute to the protection of environmental
quality in the most effective manner possible. To accomplish this goal, this
program establishes compliance monitoring and enforcement priorities, policies,
and procedural guidelines so that enforcement actions are properly selected and
prepared and establishes measures to ensure policies and procedures are correctly
implemented by the media enforcement programs and Regional offices. It conducts
all legal case development, litigation, and adjudicatory hearing activities for
media enforcement programs, including oversight of evidence gathering, preparation
and management of cases, and referral of cases to the Department of Justice for
litigation.
In addition, this program contains the Agency's criminal investigations
effort which investigates, prepares, and refers cases involving criminal
violations of environmental statutes. Investigators and attorneys provide support
to the Department of Justice during subsequent investigations and litigation of
these cases.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides specialized
technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case preparation activities.
NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for complex investigations
which have a national impact on environmental enforcement.
Consulting Services
Consulting services are used on an intermittent basis to supplement technical
expertise in the Multimedia Research Program.
8-3
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multimedia Research 8-4
Scientific Assessment 8-17
Quality Assurance Management 8-18
Technical Information and Liaison 8-19
Health Effects 8-21
Core Research - Health Risk 8-22
Human Exposure 8-23
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 8-24
Multimedia Activities .... 8-25
Core Research - Grants and Centers 8-25
Exploratory Research 8-26
Core Research - Ecological Risk 8-28
Ecological Status and Trends 8-29
Core Research - Risk Reduction 8-30
Capital Investments 8-31
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Quality Assurance
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Technical Information &
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Core Research -
Health Risk
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Human Exposure
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Reducing Uncertainties
in Risk Assessments
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Multimedia Activities
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Core Research -
Grants and Centers
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$2,357.2
$2.014.1
$4,371.3
$826.3
$845.5
$1,671.8
$4,856.3
$4,929.7
$9,786.0
$122.8
$198.9
$321.7
$294.2
$9,943.6
$10,237.8
$2,614.2
$4,769.7
$7,383.9
$887.9
$821.0
$1,708.9
$5,395.2
$3,031.7
$8,426.9
$845.3
$3,209.3
$4,054.6
$274.0
$9,845.0
$10,119.0
$2,585.0
$4,718.9
$7,303.9
$875.9
$812.3
$1,688.2
$5,365.6
$4,882.7
$10,248.3
$933.9
$3,175.1
$4,109.0
$270.4
$9,740.2
$10,010.6
$2,712.8
$1,844.8
$4,557.6
$951.9
$1,808.9
$2,760.8
$6,020.0
$5,352.7
$11,372.7
$482.5
$1,115.8
$1,598.3
$1,745.0
$12,209.8
$13,954.8
$410.9
$2,695.0
$3,105.9
$1,437.6
$32,839.9
$34,277.5
$127.8
-$2,874.1
-$2,746.3
$76.0
$996.6
$1,072.6
$654.4
$470.0
$1.124.4
$482.5
$1,115.8
$1,598.3
$1,745.0
$12,209.8
$13,954.8
-$933.9
-$3,175.1
-$4,109.0
-$270.4
-$9,740.2
-$10,010.6
$410.9
$2,695.0
$3,105.9
$1,437.6
$32,839.9
$34,277.5
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Exploratory Research
Salaries & Expenses $946.0 $1,135.7 $1,155.1
Research & Development -$16,193.3 $24,257.6 $23,998.6
TOTAL $17,139.3 $25,393.3 $25,153.7
Core Research -
Ecological Risk
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Ecological Status And
Trends
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Core Research -
Risk Reduction
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$784.1 $1,023.5
$16,947.4 $16,766.9
$17,731.5 $17,790.4
$212.9 $210.1
$2,953.5 $2,922.1
$3,166.4 $3,132.2
-$1,155.1
-$23,998.6
-$25,153.7
$1,572.3 $1,572.3
$25,114.2 $25,114.2
$26,686.5 $26,686.5
-$1,023.5
-$16,766.9
-$17,790.4
$425.0
$4,200.0
$4,625.0
$214.9
$1,277.9
$1.492.8
Capital Investments
Research & Development
TOTAL
$3,938.0 $5,896.1 $8,450.0 $2,553.9
$3,938.0 $5,896.1 $8,450.0 $2,553.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$9,402.8 $12,149.3 $12,419.5 $15,758.0 $3,338.5
$34,125.1 $69,773.2 $72,912.9 $95,631.1 $22,718.2
Multimedia Research TOTAL $43,527.9 $81,922.5 $85,332.4 $111,389.1 $26,056.7
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment 35.2 44.1
Quality Assurance 11.6 14.5
Management
Technical Information & 54.3 72.0
Liaison
Core Research - Health Risk
Human Exposure .7 13.0
Reducing Uncertainties 1.7 4.0
in Risk Assessments
Multimedia Activities
Core Research - Grants and Centers
39.0 40.1
14.5 14.5
72.0 72.0
19.0
13.0
4.0
4.0
12.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
19.0
-13.0
-4.0
4.0
12.0
8-5
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
ACTUAL
1989
Exploratory Research 13.9
Core Research - Ecological Risk
Ecological Status And
Trends
Core Research - Risk Reduction
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 117.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment 39.1
Quality Assurance 11.9
Management
Technical Information & 58.8
Liaison
Core Research - Health Risk
Human Exposure .7
Reducing Uncertainties 2.9
in Risk Assessments
Multimedia Activities
Core Research - Grants and Centers
Exploratory Research 14.0
Core Research - Ecological Risk
Ecological Status And
Trends
Core Research - Risk Reduction
TOTAL WORKYEARS 127.4
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
15.0 15.0 -15.0
14.0 14.0
12.0 12.0 -12.0
4.0 5.0 5.0
178.6 169.5 180.6 11.1
44.1 39.0 40.1 1.1
14.5 14.5 14.5 0.0
72.0 72.0 72.0 0.0
19.0 19.0
13.0 13.0 -13.0
4.0 4.0 -4.0
4.0 4.0
12.0 12.0
15.0 15.0 -15.0
14.0 14.0
12.0 12.0 -12.0
4.0 5.0 5.0
178.6 169.5 180.6 11.1
8-6
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Uniform Risk Assessments
1991: o ' Final guidelines for neurotoxicity and final guidance for non-cancer
health effects and cancer.
o Initial guidelines on pharmacokinetics and ecotoxicity.
o Agency-wide implementation/training program for the enhanced IRIS
delivery system.
1990: o Final guidelines for exposure measurements and for male and female
reproductive effects.
o Final amendments for guidelines on developmental toxicity.
o Proposed guidelines for neurotoxicity, quantitative guidance for non-
cancer health effects and amendments to the cancer guidelines.
o Risk Assessment Forum analyses of specific risk assessment issues.
o Additional EPCRA right-to-know chemicals to IRIS.
1989: o Proposed amendments to current guidelines for exposure measurements
and for developmental toxicity.
o Inhalation reference doses added to IRIS.
o Risk Assessment analyses of specific risk assessment issues.
Objective 2: Lead Abatement
1990: o Lead exposure abatement planning document.
o Progress report on the status of projects to reduce lead and human
exposure.
1989: o No program in 1989.
Objective 3: Quality Assurance Program
1991: o Supplementary guidance on Data Quality Objectives.
o Two QA Management Systems Reviews of major EPA environmental data
operations.
8-7
-------
o 25 QA Program Plans reviewed.
o Three QA training courses developed.
o Preliminary report on Audit of Data Quality protocols.
1990: o Two QA Management Systems Reviews of major EPA environmental data
operations.
o 25 QA Program Plans reviewed.
o Three QA training courses developed.
o Final version of glossary of QA terminology.
o Pilot of alternative procedures for QC optimization in a chemistry
laboratory.
1989: o Management Systems Review of a major EPA environmental data operation
o 25 QA Program Plans reviewed.
o Two QA training courses developed.
o Draft version of glossary of QA terminology.
o Alternative procedures for QC optimization in a chemistry
laboratory.
Objective 4: Regional Analytical Methods
1991: o Report to the Environmental Monitoring Management Council on Regional
methods activities.
o Regional Action Plan: Research needs and priorities.
o Work Plan for Regional Methods Program.
1990: o No program in 1990.
Objective 5: Technology Transfer
1991: o Series of industry-specific clean technology application guides
providing information and research results on clean technology and
waste reduction applications.
o Handbook on Municipal Sludge Landfills.
o Handbook presenting Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
information on air pollutants harmful to human health but not
regulated.
8-8
-------
1990: o Seminar series on the statistical procedures used to detect
groundwater contamination at hazardous waste facilities.
o Workshops on the use of the expert system for evaluating and improving
POTW performance.
o Handbook on toxic air pollutant risk assessment and control
alternatives.
1989: o Seminar series on innovative technologies for municipal wastewater
treatment facilities.
o Handbook on sampling and analysis methods for toxic emissions from
incinerators.
o Seminar series and publication on how to conduct sanitary surveys of
small drinking water treatment facilities.
Objective 8: Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease
1991: o Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Risk Communications.
1990: o Workshop Report on exposure to pesticides.
o Proceedings of the workshop on environmental and occupational asthma.
1989: o Workshop proceedings on effective risk communications: Governmental
and non-governmental roles.
Objective 9: Harvard Study
1989: o Variations in susceptibility to inhaled pollutants: Identification,
mechanisms, and policy implications.
Objective 10: China Program
1991: o Report on lung cancer risk due to indoor air pollution in Xuan-Wei,
China.
1990: o Interim report on chemical indoor air pollution constituents
associated with lung cancer in Xuan-Wei, China.
Objective 11: NHANES-III
1991: o Annaul Status Report on NHANES-III Cooperative Research
1990: o Annaul Status Report on NHANES-III Cooperative Research
1989: o Annaul Status Report on NHANES-III Cooperative Research
8-9
-------
Objective 12: Human Exposure
1991: o Final report on TEAM Study of particles and metals.
o Report on breath analysis in high exposure sources.
1990: o Completion of continuous personal monitor for N02.
1989: o Final report on NOPES Study of exposure to household pesticides.
o Final report on TEAM Studies of VOCs in Los Angeles, Baltimore, and
New Jersey.
Objective 13: Reducing Uncertainties In Risk Assessments (RURA-Health)
1991: o Annual Report on the RIHRA research program.
1990: o Research Program Strategy to Improve Health Risk Assessments.
o Initial research in the areas of human exposure assessment and
characterization of uncertainties in health risk assessment.
1989: o Integrated approach to evaluate/characterize the uncertainties in risk
assessments.
o Research Plan to Improve Health Risk Assessments program Research
Plan.
Objective 14: Epidemiology Research Center
1991: o Cooperative Agreement for epidemiology research center.
1990: o No program in 1990.
Objective 15: Visiting Scientists Program
1991: o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1991
Visiting Scientists and Engineers Program.
o Solicitation and selection of candidates for 1991 Environmental
Science and Engineering Fellows Program.
1990: o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1990
Visiting Scientists and Engineers Program.
o Solicitation and selection of candidates for 1990 Environmental
Science and Engineering Fellows Program.
8-10
-------
1989: o 4 visitors under the Visiting Scientists and Engineers Program.
o 10 science or engineering fellows under the Environmental Science
and Engineering Fellows Program.
o Annual Report on Visiting Scientist Program.
Objective 16; Small Business Innovative Research Program
1991: o Solicitation of proposals.
o Summary of Phase I and Phase II abstracts.
1990: o Solicitation of proposals.
o Summary of Phase I and Phase II abstracts.
1989: o Award of 27 Phase I (feasibility) and 12 Phase II (development)
contracts.
o Published summary of abstracts.
Objective 17: Exploratory Research Grants
1991: o Solicitation of 1991 research grants proposals.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
o Bibliography of research grant articles published.
1990: o Solicitation of 1990 research grants proposals.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
o Bibliography of research grant articles published.
1989: o Awarded 64 new Exploratory Research Grants.
o Published over 100 technical articles in journals.
o Annual report on Exploratory Research Grants Program.
Objective 18: Academic Research Centers
1991: o Selection of new Academic Research Centers.
o Annual report on Academic Research Centers Program.
1990: o Prepare solicitation for new centers.
8-11
-------
o Annual report on Academic Research Centers Program.
1989: o Annual report on Academic Research Centers Program.
Objective 19: Ecological Monitoring and Assessment
1991: o Final Program Plan For Gulf Of Mexico Project.
o Draft Report On The Gulf Of Mexico Project Implementation Plan for
Forest Monitoring and Assessment.
o Implementation Plan for Agroecosystem Monitoring and Assessment.
o Implementation Plan for Desert, Grassland, and Rangeland Monitoring
and Assessment.
o Annual Report On Forest Pilot Project in the Northeastern U.S.
1990: o Assessment of Surface Water Ecosystem Condition.
o Draft Program Plan for the Gulf of Mexico Project.
o Final Research Plan For EMAP Near-Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
Program.
o Quality Assurance Program Plan for EMAP.
o Assessment for Forest Ecosystems.
o Assessment for Desert, Rangeland, and Grassland Ecosystems.
1989: o Preliminary evaluation of ecosystem classification schemes.
o Research plan for evaluating condition of ecosystems.
o Development of an integrated approach to reduce uncertainties in
ecological risk assessment.
Objective 20: Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessments (RURA-Ecological)
1991: o Final Report On The Near-Coastal Demonstration Project in the
Virginian Province.
o Integrated Research Plan for The Development Of Assessment And
Management Tools To Reduce Uncertainties In Ecological Risk
Assessment.
1990:
Demonstration Assessment for Near-Coastal Systems in the Virginian
Province.
Final Sampling Plan For The Near Coastal Demonstration Project.
8-12
-------
1989:
Data management system for near coastal demonstration project.
Implementation Plan For Near Coastal Demonstration Project.
Final Research Plan: Reducing Uncertainties in Ecological Risk
Assessment.
Conceptual Overview for the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program.
Draft Research Plan: Reducing Uncertainties In Ecological Risk
Assessment. (RUERA)
Objective 21: Pollution Prevention
1991: o
Study on environmental impacts of consumer products to determine if
labelling can be used to identify clean products.
o Study on promoting pollution prevention and environmental eduction
in secondary schools.
o Study on alternatives for some ozone depleting chemicals to determine
if recycling and/or substitutes are available.
1990: o Expanded Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse including the
hardcopy repository, telephone hotline and electronic information
exchange system.
o Measurement methodology for hazardous/non-hazardous pollution
prevention.
o Product specific projects initiated on preventing indoor air quality
problems from building materials and household products.
1989: o No program in 1989.
Objective 22: Information and Communications
1991: o Cooperative Agreements.
1990: o Research Plan for Information and Communications Program.
o Solicitation for 1991 research and development projects.
1989: o No program in 1989.
8-13
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $111,389,100 supported by 180.6 total
workyears for the Multimedia (formerly the Interdisciplinary) Research program
in 1991. This is an increase of $26,056,700 and an increase of 11.1 total
workyears from 1990. Of the total request, $15,758,000 will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $95,631,100 will be for the Research and
Development appropriation, an increase of $3,338,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of $22,718,200 in the Research and Development
appropriation.
Program Objectives
The Multimedia Research budget subactivity consists of research programs
which provide support to all program medias. These research programs include:
Uniform Risk Assessments, Quality Assurance Management, Technical Information,
Health Effects, Core Research Program (Ecological Risk, Health Risk, Risk
Reduction, and Grants and Centers), and Capital Investments.
In 1991, EPA proposes a major reorganization within the Multimedia research
program to better define research activities that are related to general
multimedia support (e.g. Uniform Risk Assessments, Technology Transfer, Health
Effects) and the new multimedia long-term research program (e.g. Core Research).
Objective 1: Uniform Risk Assessments. This research activity provides
Agency-wide guidance to perform exposure and risk assessments. These guidelines
are intended to ensure uniform assessments that rely on sound scientific
principles and information.
Objective 2: Lead Abatement. This new research supports understanding and
abatement techniques for lead primarily in paint, soils and drinking water.
Objective 3: Quality Assurance Program. This program provides policy
direction, management guidance and oversight for the Agency's quality assurance
program for environmental data operations.
Objective 4: Regional Analytical Methods. This new research program will
evaluate, standardize and further develop analytical technologies that support
Regional programs, while avoiding duplication and being consistent with the
Agency's overall approach toward method development.
Objective 5: Technology Transfer. This program supports activities
authorized under the Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-502). This activity
supports the development and delivery of technical information tools to Regions,
States, counties, municipalities, Indian tribes, and media program offices.
Objective 6: Technical Information Product Management. This program
provides overall management and coordination of technology transfer and technical
8-14
-------
information activities related to research. This program facilitates the use of
EPA research products and services and ensures the integration of Agency
scientific and technical priorities among research offices and laboratories.
Objective 7: Regulatory Support. This research activity is responsible
for ensuring the scientific quality of the Agency's regulations is scientifically
sound. This is conducted through ORD participation in Agency regulatory work
groups, review of alternative regulatory approaches, and continual analysis of
regulatory requirements so that research programs are responsive to program and
Regional office needs.
Objective 8: Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease.
This interagency task force was established by the Clean Air Act of 1977 to
promote coordination and recommend research to determine and quantify the
relationship between environmental factors and human diseases.
Objective 9: Harvard Study. This research activity supports the Harvard
School of Public Health's Interdisciplinary Programs in Health. The primary
objective of this program is to enlist scholars from the natural and social
sciences to direct their energies toward finding new and better ways to address
the most critical environmental problems facing society.
Objective 10: China Program. This research activity supports the United
States' policy of scientific and technological cooperation with the People's
Republic of China (PRC) as reflected in the 1980 US-PRC Environmental Protection
Protocol.
Objective 11; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-
III). The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is one of a
series of studies conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
as a joint Federal effort to obtain health and nutrition data on a statistically
representative sample of Americans.
Objective 12: Human Exposure. This research activity provides the methods,
monitoring approaches and models to determine and predict the exposures of human
populations to environmental pollutants with known precision.
Objective 13: Reducing Uncertainties In Health Risk Assessments (RURA-
Health). This research activity, also called Research to Improve Health Risk
Assessments (RIHRA), supports an integrated effort to reduce the uncertainties
in and improve health risk assessment approaches.
Objective 14: Center for Environmental Epidemiology Research. This new
research center provides comprehensive and systematic research to define, improve,
and apply environmental epidemiology to improve regulatory decision making.
Objective 15: Visiting Scientists Program. This research activity develops
and implements programs to enhance the quality and reputation of the Agency's
research by attracting outside researchers to EPA facilities to collaborate with
Agency researchers. It currently has two major elements: a Visiting Scientists
and Engineers Program (VSEP) and an Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows
Program (ESEFP). The major differences between the two are in the length of
assignment and in the level of relevant experience required of participants.
8-15
-------
Objective 16: Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. This
program is mandated by the Small Business Innovation Development Act (P.L. 97-
219) which requires EPA to set aside 1.25 percent of the Agency's Research and
Development Appropriation to support small businesses engaged in developing
equipment for pollution abatement and control and instrumentation for
environmental monitoring.
Objective 17: Exploratory Research Grants. This research program
supplements the fundamental scientific knowledge base crucial to sound applied
environmental research. This is done by funding investigator-initiated
environmental research proposals selected through a competitive peer review
process. Support is provided in five general areas: environmental health,
ecology and environmental biology, environmental engineering, air chemistry and
physics, and water chemistry and physics.
Objective 18: Academic Research Centers. EPA Academic Research Centers
provide multi-year research in defined areas of interest to the Agency. Research
is carried out in a university setting.
Objective 19: Ecological Monitoring and Assessment. This research activity
provides basic research, monitoring, and data gathering and manipulation to report
periodically on the status, changes, trends and relationships among pollutant
exposures and indicators of ecological conditions in the nation's ecosystems.
Objective 20: Reducing Uncertainties In Ecological Risk Assessments (RURA-
Eco). This research activity supports an integrated approach to develop a better
understanding of the structure and function of ecosystems in an effort to reduce
the uncertainties associated with ecological risk assessments.
Objective 21: Pollution Prevention. This research program supports EPA's
multimedia pollution prevention program. To develop the necessary information
for implementation of effective national/ international pollution prevention
programs, activities will be supported in six major areas: product research,
process research, recycling and reuse research, socioeconomic and institutional
research, anticipatory research, and technology transfer and technical assistance.
Objective 22: Information and Communications Program. This research
activity provides information on alternative approaches to control pollution
problems. The current regulatory approach (traditional command and control) is
not appropriate for several of the emerging environmental problems (i.e., radon,
global climate change, non-point source). Research will be conducted in five
major areas: risk communication, incentives and disincentives, new technologies
for information dissemination, technology commercialization and utilization, and
education/training.
Objective 23: Capital Investments Program. This program activity provides
EPA research laboratories with scientific equipment necessary to conduct
investigations and analyses in a safe and timely manner with state-of-the-art
research instrumentation and components available. This equipment enables ORD
to recruit and nurture the highest quality scientists and engineers to conduct
EPA's research activities.
8-16
-------
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,557,600 supported by 40.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,712,800 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,844,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $127,800 and a decrease of
$2,874,100 respectively with an increase of 1.1 workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects additional support for Risk
Assessment Forum activities. The decrease in the Research and Development
appropriation reflects no further funding requested for lead abatement research
until the Agency's lead abatement plan is developed in 1990.
Uniform Risk Assessments. Risk assessment guidelines proposed during 1990
(e.g., neurotoxicity, quantitative guidance for non-^cancer health effects, and
cancer) will be issued as final guidance. New guidance related to
pharmacokinetics and ecotoxicity will be developed. The Risk Assessment Forum
will undertake projects designed to resolve difficult issues raised during the
guidelines review. Reports that result will serve as supplements to these
guidelines.
Emphasis in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) will be on
providing an Agency-wide implementation/training program for the enhanced IRIS
delivery system. This will include communicating mixture toxicity and expanding
the data base. An additional 160 chemical assessments will be added to the data
base. Emphasis will be placed on comparison/validation of exposure assessment
techniques. Continued development of the Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)
will contribute to this goal by establishing a comprehensive and conveniently
searched and used data base for exposure assessment.
Lead Abatement. Research will continue research activities begun in 1990
on: lead based paint abatement; lead exposure analysis; biochemical and
physiological indicators; toxicological and epidemiological studies; drinking
water exposure; and the movement of lead through industrial processes. The
Agency's Task Force on Lead Abatement will review this research and help define
what future research is needed on lead abatement exposure reduction and related
health effects.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency has allocated a total of $7,303,900 supported by 39.0
total workyears for this program, of which $2,585,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,718,900 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
For uniform risk assessments, new final guidelines are published for
exposure measurements, male and female reproductive effects, and amendments for
the 1986 developmental toxicity guidelines. New guidelines are proposed for
neurotoxicity, quantitative guidance for non-cancer health effects, and amendments
to the cancer guidelines issued in 1986. Forum reports on risk assessment issues
(e.g., use of human evidence in carcinogen risk assessment, acceptability and
interpretation of dermal developmental toxicity studies, and one vs. two-
generation reproductive effects studies) are to be issued as final documents.
8-17
-------
For lead abatement, research projects have been selected to better
understand the risks from and controls for lead in the environment. Research is
being conducted on: new technologies for controlling exposure to lead based paint;
relationships of paint to dust; disposal alternatives for paint abatement debris;
bioavailability of lead in paint and soil; lead exposure through soil; prenatal
transplacental transfer of lead; proteins that bind lead; bone biokinetics of
lead; movement of lead through groundwater; and lead particulates in drinking
water. These research efforts are multi-year in scope and will continue through
1991.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,371,300 supported by 39.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,357,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,014,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Guidelines for exposure measurements and for amendments of the 1986 developmental
toxicity guidelines were prepared. The Risk Assessment Forum issued a workshop
report on EPA guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment and interim procedures
for estimating risks associated with exposures to mixtures of chlorinated dibenzo-
p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Inhalation reference doses were added to the
Integrated Risk Information System data base. A program to begin the evaluation
of exposure uncertainties was begun.
QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,760,800 supported by 14.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $951,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,808,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $76,000 and $996,600 respectively
with no increase in workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflects an enhancement of inhouse support for the Quality Assurance
Program. The increase in the Research and Development appropriation reflects
initiation of a systematic program to assist the Regions in developing analytical
methods.
Quality Assurance Program. The mandatory Agency-wide Quality Assurance (QA)
program will provide policy guidance, technical support, and oversight to assure
that environmental data provided to Agency decision makers are of the quality
needed and claimed. The Quality Assurance Management Staff will assist 50 EPA
organizations which carry out environmental data operations, to assure that these
operations produce data of the type and quality which Agency managers need to make
decisions.
Specific activities will include: development of supplementary guidance on
Data Quality Objectives; support to EPA organizations pursuing the Data Quality
Objectives process; initial development on a protocol for audits of data quality;
QA Management Systems Reviews focusing on major EPA data operations; reviews of
25 QA Program Plans submitted by EPA offices and laboratories; development of QA
training courses; continuing development of guidance on QA common practices; and
preparation of a report to senior management on the status of the Agency's Quality
Assurance Program.
8-18
-------
Regional Analytical Methods. An action plan will be developed by the
Regions which will identify their highest priority analytical methods research
needs. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will respond with a work plan
to meet these needs. This process will be institutionalized as part of the
activities of the Agency-wide Environmental Monitoring Management Council (EMMC).
Emphasis will be placed on needs currently hampering the implementation or
monitoring of regulatory programs. This effort will evaluate both laboratory and
field methods to determine their applicability.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency allocated a total of $1,688,200 supported by 14.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $875,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $812,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Quality assurance activities involve the implementation and evaluation of programs
to support the development of Agency data which are adequate for internal use.
The 1990 program goal is to institutionalize within the Agency three basic
quality assurance tools: (1) Data Quality Objectives; (2) Management Systems
Reviews; and (3) QA Program Plans. The Quality Assurance Management Staff is
pursuing this goal by means of a variety of ongoing programs involving guidance
development, training, and technical support. Specific activities and outputs
are comparable to those planned for 1991.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,671,800 supported by 11.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $826,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $845,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Accomplishments in 1989 included: the review of 25 QA Program Plans; performance
of QA Management Systems Reviews; support to Agency organizations implementing
the Data Quality Objectives process; documentation of alternative procedures for
measurement method validation and laboratory quality control; quality assurance
training program development; drafting a glossary of QA terminology; and
preparing a status report to senior EPA management.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,372,700 supported by 72.0 total
workyears, of which $6,020,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $5,352,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $654,400 and $470,000 respectively with no change in
workyears. Both of these increases represent an expansion of the technology
transfer and Regional liaison activities to enhance scientific and technical
knowledge of environmental protection.
Technology Transfer. Technology transfer is a process which responds to
the scientific and technological information needs of the Regions, States,
counties, municipalities, American Indian tribal governments, and client program
offices. Available technology and technical data will be disseminated to States
and localities to enable them to meet their regulatory, enforcement and pollution
8-19
-------
prevention responsibilities. Products and services include: user guides; design
manuals; handbooks; training seminars; and workshops. Also the ORD Regional
Scientist Program which will continue to provide "on-site" assistance to Regions
in identifying and addressing the applied research and technical support needs
of the enforcement and regulatory community. The Regional Applied Research Effort
(RARE) will accelerate ORD's response to more immediate high priority applied
research needs in the Regions.
Technical Information Product Management. The overall management of
technical information and technology transfer, is an ongoing responsibility.
Therefore, in 1991, this program will continue to facilitate the use of ORD
products and services by promoting the timely transfer of appropriate technology
and technical information to other Federal, State and local users. The program
will continue to ensure the integration of Agency scientific and technical
priorities across the ORD offices and laboratories. the Center for Environmental
Research Information (CERI) will continue to perform the many functions that it
has in previous years (e.g. processing and distributing ORD reports; producing
project summaries; and coordination with NTIS). The National Environmental
Technology Application Corporation (NETAC) will expand its solicitations and
review of candidate technologies. Optimal use of NETAC facilities will be
promoted. The hazardous materials handling and testing facilities offer unique
features to potential commercial-scale technology developers and will become
available in 1991. An increased number of environmental technologies will be
brought to commercialization and "venture capital" will be secured.
Two activities will be initiated in 1991 to support the Agency's Pollution
Prevention Program. The first activity will deliver required pollution prevention
information and technology to small and medium sized industries and
municipalities. The second activity is designed to assist in the establishment
of pollution prevention centers at universities across the nation.
Regulatory Support. This program will continue to ensure that EPA research
focuses on the most critical scientific and engineering issues associated with
the Agency's regulatory development process, and that scientific uncertainties
are fully documented for use by Agency policy makers.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,248,300 supported by 72.0
total workyears for this program, of which $5,365,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,882,700 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. The program continues to provide overall management and
coordination of ORD technology transfer and technical information activities to
promote positive interactions among ORD offices and laboratories and ORD's
clients. This program supports the development and delivery of ORD products,
services and information tools. Ongoing activities in the regulatory support area
focus on participation in Agency regulatory workgroups and continual analysis of
Agency regulatory scientific requirements.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,786,000 supported by 58.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,856,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,929,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
8-20
-------
The Regional Scientist program provided Regional Offices with senior ORD
liaisons who serve as science advisors and "gateways" to the broad spectrum of
available ORD resources. NETAC continued to develop solicitations to attract top
candidates for commercialization of environmental technologies. The regulatory
support program helped to ensure technically sound development of Agency
regulations. Over 1,000 ORD documents and reports to ORD clients and the
production of over 350 project summaries were tracked, processed and distributed.
The Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI) responded to over 30,000
requests for information.
THE NEXT FOUR (4) PROGRAM ELEMENTS HAVE BEEN REORGANIZED IN 1991 TO BETTER MANAGE
MULTIMEDIA HEALTH RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WITH THE NEW "CORE RESEARCH" PROGRAM.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,598,300 supported by no workyears for
this new program, of which $482,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,115,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This activity reflects the transfer of similar Multimedia research
activities from the "Exploratory Research" program element.
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease. This Task
Force will continue to evaluate the link between environmental factors and human
diseases. Research recommendations will be provided by the Task Force to the
Agency based on research needs identified by scientists. A national risk
communications conference will be held in 1991.
Harvard Study. This research study will continue to identify and select
post-doctoral research fellows and visiting scientists to work with Harvard
faculty members on research projects that address critical environmental problems
that face society.
China Program. This program, conducted under the 1980 US-PRC Environmental
Protection Protocol, will begin to shift research from the study of lung cancer
and indoor coal smoke pollution in a rural setting (Xuan-Wei) to a study of
children's respiratory health across a wide gradient of particulate, acid, and
sulfur oxide exposures in several Chinese cities. The focus in 1991 will be on
a multi-city study of children's lung function and respiratory health. Efforts
will continue in the area of environmental processes and effects of pollution on
freshwater organisms, water pollution fate and transport modeling, and groundwater
pollution processes.
1990 Program
The program activities in 1990 are described in other program elements as
follows:
1. Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease is described
in the "Exploratory Research" program element of this Multimedia research
program.
8-21
-------
2. Harvard Study is described in the Drinking Water and Toxics Research media.
3. China Program, is described in Water Quality, Drinking Water and the Air
Research media.
1989 Accomplishment
1989 accomplishments for these program activities are described in the same
program elements in 1989 as in 1990.
CORE RESEARCH-HEALTH RISK
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,954,800 for this new program supported
by 19.0 total work years, of which $1,745,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,209,800 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.
NHANES-III. This multi-year and multi-agency survey will continue. Efforts
will focus on estimating the prevalence of disease and functional impairment,
providing accurate data on the distribution of health characteristics such as
growth and development, monitoring secular changes in disease, and identifying
new risk factors for disease. EPA participation will help develop baseline data
on measures of pulmonary function and neurobehavioral parameters. These data will
be linked to various biological measures of exposure and questionnaire responses
will allow an analysis of relationships between these functions and possible
environmental factors.
Human Exposure. The Human Exposure program will complete the total exposure
assessment methodology (TEAM) study of exposure to inhalable particles in a
California city. Field work on the major survey to determine exposure-related
activity patterns of the population will also be completed. Measurement methods
for determining exposure to polar organics, ozone, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and
other pollutants will be developed. New microenvironments will be studied.
Breath analysis and other biomarkers of exposure will be investigated.
Reducing Uncertainties in Health Risk Assessments (RIHRA). This program
will continue to conduct research to improve health risk assessments in the areas
of assessing uncertainty, exposure assessment, physiologically based
pharmacokinetic modeling and biologically based dose response modeling. First
research results are expected in a number of these topics in 1991.
Center for Environmental Epidemiology Research. This center responds to
a major recommendation of the EPA Science Advisory Board which indicated that
the agency should initiate a program of epidemiologic research. The new EPA
Center for Environmental Epidemiology will be established to develop, validate,
and apply epidemiologic methods to assess the status of public health, to identify
potential and emerging problems, and to evaluate the efficacy of risk reduction
measures.
8-22
-------
1990 Program
The program activities in 1990 are described in other program elements as
follows:
1. NHANES-III is described in the Air Research media.
2. Human Exposure is described in the "Human Exposure" program element within
this Multimedia research program.
3. Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RIHRA) - Health is described
in the "Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment" program element
within this Multimedia research program.
1989 Accomplishments
1989 accomplishments for these program activities are described in the same
program elements in 1989 as in 1990.
HUMAN EXPOSURE
1991 Program Request
No resources are requested in 1991 for activity in this program element
since this activity is being reorganized into the new "Core Research - Health
Risk" program element within this Multimedia research program.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $4,109,000 supported by 13.0 total
workyears for this program. Of this total, $933,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,175,100 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
This program focuses on research and evaluation of human exposure to
environmental pollutants from all sources. In 1990, research activity will
include a major survey to determine the activity patterns of the population
including lifestyles and use of consumer products. Also included are several
studies on microenvironments (home, work, transportation) of human exposure.
Methods for evaluating exposures to volatile organics associated with major
sources will be instituted. The existing TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment
Methodology) Program will continue to provide direct measures of human exposures
to make real life estimates of exposures. Data from each component of the program
will be used to develop models of human exposure that can be used for
extrapolation to entire populations at risk.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated at total of $321,700 supported by 0.7 total
workyears in this program activity. Of this total $122,800 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, and $198,900 was from the Research and Development
appropriation. Field work was completed on three studies of human exposure to
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) in Los Angeles, Baltimore and New Jersey.
8-23
-------
Final work was also completed on the first study of human exposure to a broad
spectrum of pesticides used in the household. In 1989, the majority of this
program is described in the Air Research media.
REDUCING UNCERTAINTIES IN RISK ASSESSMENT (RURA)
1991 Program Request
No resources are requested in 1991 for activity in this program element
since this activity is being reorganized into the following two new program
elements within this Multimedia research program as follows:
1. Reducing Uncertainties in Health Risk Assessments (RIHRA) program element
is described in the new "Core Research - Health Risk" program element and
2. Reducing Uncertainties in Ecological Risk Assessments (RUERA) program
element is described in the new "Core Research - Ecological Risk" program
element.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,010,600 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $270,400 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,740,200 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research to Improve Health Risk Assessments (RIHRA) continues in the areas
of assessing uncertainty, exposure assessment, physiologically based
pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) modeling, and biologically based dose response modeling.
Research to Reduce Uncertainties in Ecological Risk Assessments (RUERA) will
address uncertainties associated with the structure and function of ecosystems,
the identification, measurement, and interpretation of endpoints of ecological
change, and the assessment of hazards associated with ecosystems stress. Initial
emphasis will be placed on the characterization of the condition of near-coastal
estuarine systems in the mid-Atlantic region and their exposure to stress. A
demonstration project will identify indicators of estuarine ecosystem condition
(in cooperation with the status and trends program) and then quantify them on a
regional basis. These data will be used to assess the status of ecosystem
condition in these systems and will be used as the basis for more detailed
research in 1991.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $10,237,800 supported by 2.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $294,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,943,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research projects were initiated in all topics of the RIHRA Program. A work
shop was held to identify the framework for research on the topic of uncertainty
analysis and a number of areas of research focus were identified. Research was
initiated in the topics of exposure assessment, physiologically based
phamacokinetic parameters in risk assessment, and biologically-based dose response
models.
8-24
-------
In reducing uncertainties in ecological risk assessments, preliminary work
was performed on ecosystem classification, monitoring network design, database
management, and environmental statistics culminating in a research and
implementation plan for the ecological trends program.
THE NEXT THREE (3) PROGRAM ELEMENTS HAVE BEEN REORGANIZED IN 1991 TO BETTER MANAGE
GENERAL SCIENTIFIC MULTIMEDIA RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WITH THE NEW "CORE" RESEARCH
PROGRAM.
MULTIMEDIA ACTIVITIES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,105,900 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for this new program of which $410,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,695,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.
Visiting Scientists Program. This activity sponsors two unique programs
to bring research scientist outside of EPA into the Agency to collaborate on
environmental research projects and exchange their scientific understandings.
Under the Visiting Scientists and Engineers Program, applicants will be selected
to conduct research at EPA facilities in collaboration with Agency researchers
on advanced environmental research topics identified by EPA laboratories. Under
the Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows Program, in cooperation with
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 10 research fellows will
be placed in EPA organizations to conduct policy studies on various high-priority
issues identified by the Agency.
Small Business Innovation Research Program. This program will solicit,
review and select proposals for Phase I and II awards. About 25 Phase I
feasibility studies will be supported while about 13 Phase II projects will be
awarded.
1990 Program
The program activities in 1990 are described in the Exploratory Research
program element within this Multimedia research program.
1989 Accomplishments
1989 accomplishments for these program activities are described in the same
program elements in 1989 as in 1990.
CORE RESEARCH - GRANTS AND CENTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,277,500 supported by. 12.0 total
workyears for this new program, of which $1,437,600 will be for the Salaries and
8-25
-------
Expenses appropriation and $32,839,900 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.
Exploratory Research Grants Program. Under a general solicitation, support
will be granted to about 150 new projects while 130 ongoing projects will be
granted continuation support. This program will emphasize: continued improvement
in quality of research; coordination with the Agency's research planning process;
dissemination of results from completed grants; and coordination with other
Federal agencies. Seminars and workshops featuring the completed work of grantees
will continue in Agency laboratories and at other locations around the country.
Academic Research Centers Program. The Agency's Academic Research Centers
Program supports environmental studies of high priority to the Agency such as
groundwater and hazardous waste control technologies. Management attention in
the centers will focus on new trends and discoveries coming from ongoing research
studies. An annual report will summarize the activities and accomplishments of
these centers. Symposia, workshops and publications in journals, ensure that
information learned from center studies is shared. New academic research centers
will begin operation in 1991 since 1990 will be the final year of operation for
seven centers and 1991 will be the final year for the eighth center.
1990 Program
The program activities in 1990 are described in the "Exploratory Research"
program element within this Multimedia research program.
1989 Accomplishments
1989 accomplishments for these program activities are described in the same
program elements in 1989 as in 1990.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1991 Program Request
No resources are requested in 1991 for activity in this program element
since this activity is being reorganized into the following two new program
elements within this Multimedia research program as follows:
1. Grants and Centers program element is described in the new "Core
Research -Grants & Centers" program element,
2. Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease program
element is described in the new "Health Effects" program element, and
3. Visiting Scientist program element and Small Business Innovative
Research programelement is described in the new "Interdisciplinary
Activities" program element.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $25,153,700 supported by 15.0 total
workyears for this program. Of this total, $1,155,100 is from the Salaries and
8-26
-------
Expenses appropriation and $23,998,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease is
planning to convene a workshop on environmental education and risk communication
and is developing a revised inventory of environmental exposure databases. This
activity is identified in the "Health Effects" program element in 1991.
The Visiting Scientists and Engineers Program expects to approve the support
of five to ten prominent outside scientists or engineers at EPA laboratories to
collaborate with Agency researchers on priority research projects. The
Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows Program is supporting ten
professionals at EPA organizations to investigate environmental policy issues.
The Small Business Innovation Research Program has allocated 1.25 % of the
extramural research budget to support projects for the development of equipment
and instrumentation for pollution control and environmental monitoring. Thirty-
six such projects are supported.
The Exploratory Research Grants Program is supporting about 110 new projects
and 42 ongoing projects. Seminars and workshops featuring the completed work of
grantees continue in Agency laboratories and at other locations around the
country.
The Academic Research Centers Program supports environmental studies of high
priority to the Agency such as groundwater and hazardous waste control
technologies. In 1990, the eight (8) EPA academic research centers and research
focus are as follows:
1. Louisiana State University - Hazardous Waste Research,
2. Illinois Institute of Technology - Industrial Waste Elimination
Research,
3. University of Illinois (Urbana) - Advanced Environmental Control
Technology Research,
4. Rice, University of Oklahoma, and Oklahoma State University -
Groundwater Research.
5. University of Rhode Island - Marine Sciences Research,
6. University of California (Los Angeles) - Intermedia Transport
Research,
7. Cornell University - Ecosystems Research, and
8. University of Pittsburgh - Environmental Epidemiology,
Since 1990 is the final year of operation for seven centers, applications
will be solicited and a competition will be held to select seven new academic
research centers to begin in 1991.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $17,139,300 supported by 14.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $946,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $16,193,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation
8-27
-------
The Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease supported
a workshop on environmental and occupational asthma, completed the proceedings
on a workshop on the roles of government and non-government organizations in risk
communications, and continued work on the proceedings of workshops on evaluation
of risk communications and the effects of pesticides exposure.
The Visiting Scientists Program approved the appointment of four (4)
visitors under the Visiting Scientists and Engineers Program. Under the
Environmental Science and Engineering Fellows Program, ten (10) visitors were
assigned to EPA organizations to conduct policy studies.
A total of 39 awards were made to small high-technology firms under the
Small Business Innovation Research Program: 27 Phase I feasibility studies and
12 Phase II development projects.
The Exploratory Research Grants Program awarded 50 new grants and provided
continuation support for 12 ongoing projects. In addition, 14 projects were
awarded under a Request for Applications (RFA) solicitation.
The Academic Research Centers Program provided continuation support for
projects conducted at the eight university-based research centers.
THE NEXT TWO (2) PROGRAM ELEMENTS HAVE BEEN REORGANIZED IN 1991 TO BETTER MANAGE
MULTIMEDIA ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WITH THE NEW "CORE" RESEARCH PROGRAM.
CORE RESEARCH-ECOLOGICAL RISK
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,686,500 for this program supported by
14.0 total work years of which $1,572,300 is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $25,114,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation.
Core Research - Ecological Risk
The "core" research program in ecological risk will progress from, program
planning and development into the first phase of implementation. This will
involve demonstration and pilot research projects in various ecosystems. Research
activities on developing ecological indicators and landscape characterization will
continue. The experience gained during the NOAA/EPA near-coastal demonstration
monitoring project in the mid-Atlantic region will be used to implement monitoring
in the Gulf of Mexico. A forest monitoring project, conducted by EPA and the U.S.
Forest Service in the northeastern U.S., will move into a second phase in the
southeastern U.S. Demonstration projects will be also be initiated in inland
surface waters and agricultural systems. Emphasis on identifying and developing
biological indicators of ecological condition will be marine, estuarine and
freshwater systems.
8-28
-------
The Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) will further develop
landscape characterizations and data to develop sampling frames for field
monitoring projects. Results of several simulated assessments will be available
and will provide the basis for developing long-term assessment protocols.
Reducing Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) - Ecological
Research in 1991 will emphasize selecting representative near-coastal
estuaries for determining the causes of adverse conditions observed in the 1990
near-coastal demonstration monitoring project within the mid-Atlantic region.
Research will focus on the diagnosis of observed conditions and developing tools
and protocols for quantifying and predicting pollutant exposure and ecosystem
responses. The goal of this research will be to develop a systems approach to
ecological risk assessments by modeling responses from representative estuaries
in the mid-Atlantic region from alternative risk management options.
1990 Program
The program activities in 1990 are described in the "Ecological Status and
Trends" program element and the "Reducing the Uncertainties in Risk Assessment"
program element within this Multimedia research program.
1989 Accomplishments
1989 accomplishments for these program activities are described in the same
program elements in 1989 as in 1990.
ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND TRENDS
1991 Program Request
No resources are requested in 1991 for activity in this program element
since this activity is being reorganized into the new "Core Research - Ecological
Risk" program element within this Multimedia research program.
1990 Program
The Agency has allocated a total of $17,790,400 for this program supported
by 12.0 total work years. Of this total, $1,023,500 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $16,766,900 is for the Research and Development
appropriation.
1990 is the first year for this program designed to estimate the current
status, changes, and trends in the condition of ecosystems to better determine
the relationships between human- induced stresses and adverse changes in
ecosystems. The initial emphasis is on developing and testing ecosystem
monitoring indicators of surface waters, wetlands, forests, deserts, rangelands,
grasslands and agricultural lands. From these indicators, national scale
monitoring programs is planned to be designed. Assessments to evaluate these
designs will later be preformed using existing and simulated data. Research on
characterizing land use patterns and landscape ecology on a regional scale is
being initiated. The near coastal demonstration project, started under the RURA-
"\
8-29
-------
Eco Program in 1989, is being expanded to the Gulf of Mexico. A joint EPA/USFS
monitoring and demonstration project in forest ecosystems is also being initiated.
Finally, EPA is also investigating,based upon the 1990 Appropriations Conference
Report, the necessity of establishing a national environmental sciences institute,
through an open and competitive process, which could provide a coordinated focus
for basic long-term ecological research.
1989 Accomplishments
This program did not exist in 1989.
CORE RESEARCH-RISK REDUCTION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $ 4,625,000 for this program supported by
5.0 total work years of which $425,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,200,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $214,900 and $1,277 ,900 respectively with an increase
of 5.0 workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects support for conducting research on pollution prevention. The increase
in the Research and Development appropriation reflects more support for the
pollution prevention research.
Pollution Prevention. During 1991, emphasis will be on product research,
technology transfer and technical assistance. In the area of product research,
standard methods for evaluating pollution impacts from products will be
established. Several cost-effective and environmentally preferable products will
be demonstrated. A standardized pollution prevention opportunity assessment
procedure will be developed and assessments conducted with selected industries.
The program will also involve research on identifying opportunities for
incorporating pollution prevention practices into the nation's industrial
infrastructure. Emerging technologies and patterns of the use and disposal of
resources will be identified. Potential changes to reduce releases of
contaminants into the environment will be investigated. These pollution
prevention research activities complement those described in the Hazardous Waste
Research media request for 1991.
Information and Communications. The selection and implementation of viable,
cost-effective risk reduction approaches are influenced by a variety of legal,
scientific, economic and political factors. The traditional command and control
approach is limited to environmental problems which can be solved with the current
regulatory program. However, many of the recent environmental problems (radon,
global climate change, non-point sources, etc.) are not amenable to the usual
command and control approach. Instead, a variety of alternative approaches for
pollution abatement, which we call information and communication, must be
developed. Accordingly, research will be conducted in the following areas: risk
communication; incentives and disincentives; technical information dissemination;
commercialization and utilization; and education and training. EPA's research
will be closely linked to its research products and integrated with Environmental
Implementation Research Program being coordinated by EPA's Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation.
8-30
-------
1990 Program
The Agency has allocated a total of $3,132,200 for this program supported
by no workyears of which $210,100 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,922,100 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1990, this program is building on the on-going effort in waste
minimization being conducted as part of the Hazardous Waste Research program.
Specifically, the on-going activities in innovative technology evaluations are
underway to make them applicable across all media programs. Several evaluations
are being undertaken to prevent pollution, especially those emitting discharges
to the air. Industry-specific pollution prevention assessment manuals are being
revised to make them applicable to identify pollution prevention opportunities
in all media. '
1989 Accomplishments
This program did not exist in 1989.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,450,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation supported by no workyears for scientific research equipment. This
represents an .increase of $2,553,900 in the Research and Development
appropriation. This increase will allow EPA: (a) partially replace old research
equipment more than seven years old and (b) procure new scientific research
equipment to upgrade the current inventory at EPA research laboratories to more
state-of-the-art.
1990 Program
The Agency has allocated $5,896,100 of the Research and Development
appropriation with no workyears for replacement of aging and procurement of new
scientific research equipment at EPA research laboratories.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency was authorized $2,000,000 from within the Research and
Development appropriation for replacement of scientific research equipment. This
authority was used, but obligations were made in other media research programs,
therefore, no obligations are identified in this program element in 1989.
\
8-31
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 8-32
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management 8-35
Multimedia Training Grants . 8-38
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Environmental Review and Coordination
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Salaries & Expenses $4,616.9 $5,333.7 $5,490.5 $5,410.3 -$80.2
Abatement Control and $4,973.2 $6,920.9 $6,761.4 $9,900.0 $3,138.6
Compliance
TOTAL $9,590.1 $12,254.6 $12,251.9 $15,310.3 $3,058.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,616.9 $5,333.7 $5,490.5 $5,410.3 -$80.2
Abatement Control and $4,973.2 $6,920.9 $6,761.4 $9,900.0 $3,138.6
Compliance
Environmental Review TOTAL $9,590.1 $12,254.6 $12,251.9 $15,310.3 $3,058.4
and Coordination
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Environmental Review 99.4 124.9 108.0 114.9 6.9
and Coordination
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 99.4 124.9 108.0 114.9 6.9
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Environmental Review 106.2 124.9 114.8 114.9 .1
and Coordination
TOTAL UORKYEARS 106.2 124.9 114.8 114.9 .1
8-32
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND COORDINATION
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,310,300 supported by 114.9 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $3,058,400 and an increase of 0.1 total
workyears from 1990. Of the request, $5,410,300 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,900,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $80,200 in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation, and an increase of $3,138,600 in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,310,300 supported by 114.9 total
workyears, of which 5,410,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $9,900,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $80,200 for Salaries and Expenses, an increase of
$3,138,600 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and an increase of 0.1 total
workyears.
The decrease in Salaries and Expenses reflects lower costs in 1991
compared to one-time costs experienced in 1990. The workyear increase will
support the Federal Facility Compliance component of this program by improving
identification, tracking and compliance monitoring of the Federal Facilities
universe, increased coordination with States through State/EPA enforcement
agreements, the development of model compliance agreements for RCRA/CERCLA sites
and an improved and more systematic approach to technical/program assistance to
Federal agencies at both Headquarters and Regional levels. The increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance will provide additional technical support and
consultation to Indian Tribal governments, with an emphasis on developing and
implementing technical and institutional solutions to environmental problems on
Tribal lands.
In 1991, Abatement, Control and Compliance (AC&C) resources will fund a
select number of pilot projects for the development and demonstration of self-
sufficient Tribal environmental programs. EPA is undertaking a major initiative
to provide technical assistance and guidance to Federal agencies establishing
environmental auditing programs to ensure compliance. AC&C resources will also
support Agency-wide multimedia environmental projects to enable rapid Regional
response to significant or unique problems.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,251,900 and 114.8 total
workyears, of which $5,490,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,761,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Environmental Review and Coordination (ER&C) program will
begin a more aggressive effort to identify Federal facilities out of compliance
with Federal environmental requirements and bring them into compliance. EPA will
review and provide environmental design information on approximately 300 draft
Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) for major projects and will conduct
8-33
-------
approximately 1,500 environmental assessment reviews involving hydroelectric
dams, modifications and flood control/water resource projects. The ER&C program
will follow-up over 100 of these projects to resolve environmental problems.
This program will identify, as early as possible, the environmental impacts of
these proposed major Federal actions, and ensure correction of any adverse
environmental impacts. EPA will provide continuing environmental assessment
support for the municipal wastewater treatment construction grants program, the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) new source permits
program, and the research and development program of the Office of Research and
Development. In addition, this program provides for the review, approval and
oversight of State environmental review programs required as a prerequisite for
participation in the State Revolving Fund (SRF) program. Environmental
assessment support includes technical assistance to States in establishing
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) oriented programs for the SRF and to
support successful discharge of their delegated responsibilities under the
Construction Grants program. The program will also assist EPA regional media
program offices in their efforts to comply with other environmental laws
affecting these programs.
Technical assistance and funding will continue to be provided to selected
Indian Tribes. In 1990, the focus of the Indian Program will be: improved
communication with Indian tribes, identification of priority environmental
problems on reservation lands, and the development of Tribal programs to address
these problems in lieu of direct Federal implementation.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,590,100 supported by 106.2
total workyears, of which $4,616,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,973,200 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1989, the NEPA program provided assistance to delegated state
construction grants programs, ensured that EPA issued NPDES new source permits
were in compliance with NEPA, assisted EPA's Office of Research and Development
and laboratories in meeting NEPA requirements for research and development
projects and assisted EPA Regional program offices in their efforts to comply
with other environmental laws and to carry out reviews equivalent to NEPA. The
Agency continued to assist Federal agencies in identifying facilities needing
pollution controls, determined the most cost effective control, and resolved
disputes at facilities which were out of compliance through use of the new EPA
Federal Facilities Compliance Strategy. Emphasis was placed on hazardous waste
problems on Federal installations. In addition, guidance was issued for Federal
agencies to assist them in designing and implementing environmental auditing
programs. The Agency also continued to work on the review of environmental
impacts of proposed projects, regulations, and other major Federal actions as
required by both NEPA and Section 309. The major objective to minimize the
adverse environmental impact of Federal proposals was accomplished by: (1)
effective liaison with other Federal agencies, (2) early identification of
significant environmental issues, and (3) timely review of major actions. The
Agency strengthened its Indian programs and provided technical assistance on
priority environmental problems on Indian lands.
8-34
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Office Of Cooperative Environmental Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office Of Cooperative
Environmental
Management
Salaries & Expenses $919.6 $728.6 $587.3 $740.1 $152.8
Abatement Control and $1.552.0 $1,680.5 $1,657.3 $2,058.2 $400.9
Compliance
TOTAL $2,471.6 $2,409.1 $2,244.6 $2,798.3 $553.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $919.6 $728.6 $587.3 $740.1 $152.8
Abatement Control and $1,552.0 $1,680.5 $1,657.3 $2,058.2 $400.9
Compliance
Office Of Cooperative TOTAL $2,471.6 $2,409.1 $2,244.6 $2,798.3 $553.7
Environmental
Mangement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of Cooperative 11.8 16.0 16.0 16.0 0.0
Environmental
Management
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 11.8 16.0 16.0 16.0 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Office Of Cooperative 12.3 16.0 16.0 16.0 0.0
Environmental
Management
TOTAL UORKYEARS 12.3 16.0 16.0 16.0 0.0
8-35
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,798,300 supported by 16.0 total workyears
in 1991. This represents an increase of $553,800 and no change in total
workyears from 1990. Of this request, $740,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,058,200 will be for Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $152,800 in the
Salaries and Expenses and an increase of $400,900 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
OFFICE OF COOPERATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,798,300 supported by 16.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $740,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,058,200 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $152,800 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $400,900 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears from 1990. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
The increase in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation will provide
funds to support Senior Environmental Employees (SEE) personnel. This program
will continue to develop a national program that identifies, documents, and
disseminates selective exemplary environmental practices; establishes a national
network of environmental technical experts; expands EPA's academic and vocational
infrastructure through environmental management institutes; assures- continued
growth in the management of EPA's National- Network for Environmental Management
Studies (NNEMS); staffs the Administrator's National Advisory Council on
Environmental Technology Transfer (NACETT) and its four committees, and oversees
the response to those of its recommendations accepted by the Administrator; and
identifies and promotes the development and use of needed new and innovative
environmental technologies through appropriate cooperative efforts with
organizations and institutions outside EPA and by identifying and initiating
efforts to remedy administrative and other barriers to the development and use
of needed new environmental technology. In addition, this program will seek and
assess new and existing environmental technologies outside of the Agency for
possible use by the Agency or by others and will do so with the assistance of
experts in academia, and among technological leaders in business and industry,
and in other Federal, State, and local agencies.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,244,600 supported by 16.0
total workyears for this program of which $587,300 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,657,300 is for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The program is developing a national program to
identify, document, and disseminate selected environmental "best practices" that
8-36
-------
constitute model approaches worthy of replication; establishing a national
network of environmental experts and communication focal points at the Federal
and State levels of government; expanding EPA's academic and vocational
infrastructure ties through the development of regionally based cooperative
environmental management institutes; assuring continued growth in the management
of EPA's National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS); and
creating and staffing the Administrator's National Advisory Council for
Environmental Technology Transfer (NACETT) to address issue areas of national
concern. In cooperation with Program and Regional Offices, and state and local
agencies, this program will identify and promote innovative environmental
management and implementation strategies through ongoing program development
activities and demonstrations. In cooperation with the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) , it will promote and support activities required by the Federal
Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (FTTA) and President's Executive Order 12591 to
accelerate the development and commercialization of needed new (environmental)
technology. Finally, this program will manage the Administrator's National Small
Community Regulatory Outreach program.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,471,600 supported by 12.3 total
workyears, of which $919,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,552,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
During 1989, the following accomplishments were achieved: implemented within
the Agency the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 and Executive Order 12591;
supported a wide array of new program-specific, Region-specific and Agency-wide
initiatives to improve the implementation of EPA programs through improved
information sharing within and outside the Agency; promoted and supported the
development of university-led consortia to assess the efficacy of newly developed
environmental technologies and promoted the commercialization of those
technologies found to be needed and efficacious; developed and initiated a
program to disseminate case studies of environmental best practices; and
established a network of technology transfer focal points in each Headquarters
and Regional Office and in each state.
8-37
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Training Grants
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Multimedia
Training Grants
Abatement Control and $768.1 $492.3 $486.0 -$486.0
Compliance
TOTAL $768.1 $492.3 $486.0 -$486.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $768.1 $492.3 $486.0 -$486.0
Compliance
Interdisciplinary TOTAL $768.1 $492.3 $486.0 -$486.0
Training Grants
8-38
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia Training Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1991. This represents
a decrease of $486,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
from 1990.
MULTIMEDIA TRAINING GRANTS
1991 ProEram Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1991.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocation $486,000 from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation for this program to develop course materials for
state/local technical staff training through community colleges.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $768,100 for this program which provided
academic and professional training to State and local environmental personnel in
the areas of pollution control and environmental engineering. The program also
provided economic support, through fellowships and training grants, to minority
students allowing them to receive academic training in the environmental field.
Support was provided to community colleges to link secondary schools and post
secondary institutions into a more rounded environmental career education program.
8-39
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MULTIMEDIA
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support 8-40
Enforcement Policy and Operations 8-42
Criminal Investigations Program 8-48
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring 8-50
/.
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Dumping Fund
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$15,320.4 $16,724.0 $16,948.0 $22,693.4 $5,745.4
$319.4 $1.501.6 $1,481.0 $2,117.0 $636.0
TOTAL $15,639.8 $18,225.6 $18,429.0 $24,810.4 $6,381.4
Criminal Investigation
Program
Salaries & Expenses
$2,591.9 $3,359.4 $3,264.8 $4,857.7 $1,592.9
TOTAL $2,591.9 $3,359.4 $3,264.8 $4,857.7 $1,592.9
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,189.3 $3,407.9 $3,319.8 $4,687.1 $1,367.3
$2,085.5 $1,554.0 $1,532.7 $2,566.5 $1,033.8
TOTAL $5,274.8 $4,961.9 $4,852.5 $7,253.6 $2,401.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$21,101.6 $23,491.3 $23,532.6 $32,238.2 $8,705.6
$2,404.9 $3,055.6 $3,013.7 $4,683.5 $1,669.8
Enforcement Policy & TOTAL $23,506.5 $26,546.9 $26,546.3 $36,921.7 $10,375.4
Technical Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Dumping Fund
Criminal Investigation
Program
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
275.7 335.8 310.2 395.6 85.4
37.9 57.4 56.9 64.7 7.8
55.5 63.3 62.5 69.7 7.2
369.1 456.5 429.6 530.0 100.4
8-40
-------
MULTIMEDIA
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
TOTAL UORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Enforcement Policy &
Operations
Dumping Fund
Criminal Investigation
Program
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
TOTAL UORKYEARS
298.3 335.8 324.6 395.6 71.0
38.1 57.4 56.9 64.7 7.8
58.6 63.3 62.5 69.7 7.2
395.0 456.5 444.0 530.0 86.0
8-U
-------
MULTI-MEDIA PROGRAMS
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
Enforcement Actions
Administrative Orders
EPA
States (Third Quarter Data)
New Judicial Referrals
EPA Civil
EPA Criminal
State Civil (Third Quarter
Civil Judicial Cases, Ongoing
Cases Start of Year
Cases Concluded
Active Consent Decrees
Criminal Investigations
New
Start of Year
Defendants Charged
Contractor Listing
Delisting and Discretionary
Listings
Permit Support
RCRA
NDPES
UIC
Penalties Assessed
Administrative & Civil
Criminal
* Future year projections are not
ACTUAL
1989
3,016
3,033
203
62
Data) 392
620
193
588
118
150
95
31
272
419
625
$34,156,000
$8,634,900
made for this data
"\
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
3,520
*
214
71
*
630
134
*
130
184
*
63
126
371
515
*
*
element .
INCREASE +
ESTIMATE DECREASE -
1991 1990
4,132 +612
* *
273 +59
88 +17
* *
710 +81
177 +43
* *
149 +19
* *
* *
73 +10
90 +36
371 0
515 0
* *
* *
8-41.1
/-.
-------
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $36,921,700 supported by 532.0 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $10,375,400 and 88.0 total workyears from
1990. Of the request, $32,238,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,683,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents increases of $8,705,600 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,669,800 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of 82.0 total workyears from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of 4.0 total workyears from the
Reregistration and Expected Processing Revolving Fund and 2.0 total workyears
from the Ocean Dumping Fund.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests $24,810,400 supported by 397.6 total workyears for this
program, of which $22,693,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,117,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Total workyears will include 390.6 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
5.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, and 2.0 from
the Ocean Dumping Fund. This represents an increase of: $5,745,400 for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation; $636,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, 67.0 in Salaries and Expenses workyears, 4.0 in
workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund, and
2.0 in workyears from the Ocean Dumping Revolving Fund. The increase in Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects costs associated with the additional
workyears requested and increased personnel and support costs. The increase in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects several initiatives
related to improving enforcement actions, enhancing capacity building in the
Regions and States, and initiatives for pollution prevention projects. The
workyear increases are related to higher enforcement actions projected, timely
follow through on enforcement actions begun in prior years, legal support to the
enforcement provisions of the Administration's Clean Air Act (CAA) legislation,
and improved RCRA enforcement.
The goal of this program is to respond to instances of non-compliance with
environmental statutes with consistent, timely, and effective enforcement
actions. Resources requested by Headquarters and the Regions reflect anticipated
workload for projected administrative enforcement actions, new and ongoing civil
and criminal judicial litigation and a number of enforcement initiatives related
to improving the effectiveness of national environmental enforcement efforts.
In 1991, 7.0 additional workyears at Headquarters will implement or expand
approaches to improve the effectiveness of the legal enforcement program. These
workyears will ensure the building of Regional and State capacity within an
integrated framework for consistent and equitable enforcement. Development of
training materials and management of training to cost-effectively reach a larger
8-42
-------
audience will expand upon 1990 efforts. An increase of 1.5 workyears will focus
on training in RCRA-specific case preparation techniques. Program efforts will
emphasize enhancing Headquarter's role in working with Regions and states to
better target and prosecute violators posing the greatest environmental risk.
Two workyears will coordinate this effort.
A total of 3.5 additional workyears will ensure the enforceability of
Agency regulations and enforcement guidance development, as well as case support
for wetlands protection, drinking water and hazardous waste. Areas of emphasis
for 1991 will include enforcement of sludge permits; failure to seek storm water
permits; revisions to the pretreatment enforcement strategy, requirements for
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Class V wells regarding high risk injection
practices; enforcement of PCB disposal deadlines; the water toxics enforcement
strategy; implementation of the National Wetlands Policy Forum recommendations;
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) data quality
requirements; and hazardous waste permit compliance. An additional 2 .5 workyears
is requested to develop policy and regulations to implement the Administration's
Clean Air Act Amendments.
An increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance of $636,000 in 1991 will:
1) enhance Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) enforcement training
for emerging areas, land ban and corrective actions; 2) implement new enforcement
provisions under Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA 88)
will; 3) foster linkage of compliance reporting systems via a data integration
effort; 4) establish a more efficient analytic capability and management focus
for targeting inspection and enforcement resources; and 5) support pollution
prevention initiatives. Support of $138,000 is related to new enforcement
requirements under the Clean Air Act Amendments. These include targeting and
data integration support.
The Regions will be responsible for initiating new enforcement actions
based upon statutory, regulatory, and programmatic directives. Increased levels
of administrative orders, civil judicial referrals and litigation will require
substantially increased legal support. Regional legal resources will. also
respond to growth in the numbers of criminal investigations, referrals, and
indictments expected to occur as a result of the expansion in the criminal
investigation program.
Regional legal resources will also press vigorously for successful closure
of cases active on the Agency's growing judicial docket, as well as careful
oversight and follow-through on active consent decrees with conditions still not
met. These needs coupled with a growing imperative to follow through on cases
filed in prior years forms the basis of a request for 50 added workyears for
Regional legal support in 1991.
An additional 8.5 workyears are requested based upon the Administration's
proposed Clean Air Act to begin implementing strengthened enforcement provisions
in Title VI of the Act. Establishment of a permit program, expanded
administrative penalty provisions, new compliance certification requirements,
and the statutory presumption of continuous violation will significantly alter
the CAA enforcement program and will require added Regional legal workyears.
8-43
-------
Pollution prevention initiatives for 1991 will focus on two areas. First,
the use of environmental auditing among local governments will be expanded.
EPA will assist local governments in establishing audit programs, document
successful techniques and organizational approaches, conduct multimedia
information exchange on a cross-governmental basis, and analyze unique compliance
problems of municipalities in this area. Second, EPA will build upon enforcement
settlements by promoting the use of pollution prevention requirements as part
of a violator's ameliorative efforts. A policy to include pollution prevention
requirements in enforcement settlements will help reduce or eliminate root causes
of noncompliance by committing the violator (via enforceable agreements) to
undertake appropriate source reduction or recycling activities. This policy will
be implemented in 1991 after a pilot testing of the draft policy in 1990. The
pilot testing will analyze the effectiveness of this approach as an enforcement
tool.
In 1991, Headquarters and Regional legal resources will have primary
responsibility for implementation of enforcement activities resulting from
reregistration requirements of FIFRA 88 legislation. Not only will the volume
of pesticides administrative actions increase, but the new regulations will
increase the scope of enforcement actions to areas not previously regulated.
These include regulations governing container design and handling procedures,
as well as transportation, storage and disposal of pesticides.
In 1991, Regional Counsel staff will also provide legal support to follow-
up enforcement actions begun in 1990 related to Ocean Dumping legislation.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,429,000 supported by 323.6
total workyears for this program, of which $16,948,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and $1,481,000 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total workyears include 323.6 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, and 1.0 workyear from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund.
The 1990 enforcement program is characterized by a continued aggressive
enforcement presence. Legal enforcement support will address critical and
emerging areas which include by statute the following:
o Clean Air Act (CAA): Enforcement of National Emissions Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) for volatile organic
compounds, enforcement against sources of pollution in ozone non-
attainment areas, and enforcement of Pft,0 standard and sulfur dioxide
continuous emission monitoring requirements.
o The Clean Water Act (CWA) and Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA):
Enforcement of requirements on wetlands protection, protection of
near coastal waters, pretreatment requirements for publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs), enforcement of coliform requirements and
other maximum contaminant levels (including lead) applicable to
public water systems, control of high risk injection practices in
injection wells affecting groundwater, and implementation of new
citizen suit provisions.
8^4
-------
o Ocean Dumping Ban and Shore Protection Act: Enforcement of revised
dumping requirements and phase out plans.
o RCRA: Land ban violations, storage and treatment violations, and
corrective action violations .
o Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) :
Enforcement against facilities that fail to report emergency releases
or fail to submit an accurate annual Toxics Release Inventory to
their community or EPA.
o TSCA/FIFRA: PCB disposal, Premanufacture Notices, compliance with
the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) , farmworker
protection requirements regarding pesticide use, pesticide
suspension/reregistration/cancellation.
Headquarters legal support is working to enhance enforcement effectiveness.
This is being done by: developing review procedures for administrative
enforcement appeals; enhancing EPA's enforcement communications strategies;
developing new approaches to using administrative enforcement; managing a
litigation support fund for use in complex administrative and judicial cases with
extraordinary expenses; and integrating Agency compliance data systems. The
expansion of the direct referral policy for civil litigation has permitted a
resource shift to improve capacity-building and innovation, as well as allowing
more consistent and thorough participation in cases and settlements requiring
Headquarters involvement.
The contractor listing function is emerging as an extremely effective tool
for achieving compliance. In addition, the number of criminal convictions has
grown, resulting in an increasing number of contractors who must be listed as
ineligible for receipt of government contracts. The listing program has proven
especially effective in promoting the cooperation of firms, encouraging them to
take positive steps to comply with environmental laws and thereby gain removal
from the list via a delisting procedure.
In 1990, Regional legal resources are being devoted to administrative,
civil, and criminal enforcement actions in support of program enforcement
priorities in all media. Levels of effort include continuing work on enforcement
initiatives of prior years, including CWA National Municipal Policy cases, RCRA
loss -of -interim status and land ban cases, TSCA (PCB retirement and asbestos)
cases, and CAA cases related to the Ozone, Chloroflourocarbon (CFC) Enforcement,
and Benzene NESHAP Enforcement strategies. In addition, aggressive enforcement
using administrative tools with penalty provisions (including CWA, SDWA, EPCRA)
has increased the impact as well as the timeliness of enforcement actions and
lessened the benefit to the violator of failure to comply with environmental
laws. At the start of 1990, nearly 500 consent decrees were in place and being
monitored to ensure compliance with their provisions.
In 1990 Regional Counsel will provide legal enforcement support to
enforcement actions taken as a result of violations of enforcement/compliance
agreements by cities or counties which have ocean dumping permits .
Enforcement settlements in 1990, both civil and administrative, are
continuing the effort begun in 1989 to include pollution prevention provisions.
}
"t- 1
-------
To the extent that facilities can be encouraged to alter manufacturing or
recycling practices to avoid waste creation through provisions of a settlement
order or decree, the Agency is attempting to capitalize on those opportunities.
Headquarters legal staff will be directly involved in the writing of
regulations for FIFRA's new reregistration requirements, developing response
policies, and supporting regional staff in initial enforcement actions.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $15,639,800 supported by 298.1
workyears for this program, of which $15,320,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $319,400 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. Total worfcyears included 298.1 from the Salaries and
Expenses Appropriation and 0.2 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund.
Enforcement and compliance monitoring in 1989 continued the aggressive
enforcement program initiated in 1988. The use of a broad spectrum of
enforcement tools sent a clear message to the regulated community regarding the
Agency's renewed commitment to enforcing compliance. EPA, in partnership with
the States, referred to the Department of Justice (DOJ) for prosecution over 210
civil judicial cases addressing violations of environmental laws. In addition,
EPA's criminal enforcement program referred 60 criminal cases to DOJ in 1989.
Both the number of criminal cases successfully prosecuted and the number of
defendants convicted exceeded 1988 levels. The impact of these judicial actions
was augmented by the highest level of administrative enforcement actions in the
history of the Agency. During 1989, active judicial consent orders which were
in place and being monitored to ensure compliance with their provisions grew to
nearly 500. Where non-compliance with the terms and conditions of a consent
decree was found, the Agency initiated contempt proceedings with the court to
compel compliance. EPA initiated 16 such contempt actions in 1989.
Preliminary statistics indicate that civil judicial and administrative
penalty assessments for 1989 may exceed the record levels achieved in 1988.
Criminal penalties assessed prior to suspension totaled $8,634,900.
1989 saw an increase in legal support activities provided by Headquarters.
These activities included involvement in selected judicial actions with precedent
potential, development of legal policy guidance and case management for the
criminal investigations program, development and implementation of enforcement
strategies and initiatives, continued work on contractor listing and desisting
actions, improvements to both inspector development and attorney training
efforts, and operation of the Strategic Planning and Management System for Agency
enforcement. Particular emphasis was placed on development of cross-media
consolidated rules for administrative penalty proceedings not subject to the
Administrative Procedures Act (APA). Specific accomplishments include the
following:
o A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Army Corps of Engineers was
signed in 1989 which set guidelines for enforcement actions taken
to protect wetlands.
8-46
-------
o Administrative enforcement actions were taken against companies that
failed to provide information (or provided inaccurate data) for the
Toxics Release Inventory required under the Emergency Preparedness
and Community Right-to-Know Act (EFCRA). Cases of First Impression
were pursued by Headquarters attorneys to signal the regulated
community that EPA intends to follow through forcefully on this
legislation intended to provide information to the public on toxic
releases in their communities. Two enforcement initiatives under
EPCRA Section 313 resulted in the filing of 113 administrative
actions in the first year of the program.
o Implementation of an enforceable regulatory framework for the Medical
Waste Tracking Act enacted in November 1988 was also completed.
o Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) key legal
precedents regarding owner/operator liability for regulatory
compliance, corrective action requirements, and civil penalties in
both judicial and administrative litigation were established.
o Enforcement strategies and regulations for AHERA, including the
development of model pleadings and settlement documents.
Regional legal resources were directed to the generation of administrative
enforcement actions and civil referrals most likely to return significant
violators to compliance, maintaining a credible enforcement presence, resolution
of ongoing judicial cases, legal support to the criminal investigation program,
arid follow.through on consent decrees to determine compliance. Legal resources
were also targeted to consultation with media counterparts early in the
compliance monitoring and enforcement process, resulting in the generation of
high numbers of enforcement actions with major compliance payoffs.
o In the Air program, strong enforcement of the Asbestos Demolition
and Renovation regulations sent a message to the demolition and
renovation contracting, industry regarding EPA's commitment to
protecting the public from preventable exposure to asbestos. Air
attorneys also completed negotiations on a significant consent decree
which required the installation of $9 million worth of equipment to
control and continuously monitor sulfur dioxide emissions. Court
rulings on violations of the asbestos NESHAP regarding company
liability provided precedents which strengthened the enforcement
climate.
o Effective use was made of administrative penalty provisions under
the Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts. Using these relatively
new tools enforcement levels increased significantly over prior year
levels.
o In the RCRA program, cases involving loss-of-interim-status filed
in prior years were actively pursued. In addition, RCRA enforcement
cases were initiated addressing new land disposal, restrictions and
broaden corrective action requirements.
In addition, Headquarters attorneys helped develop the Administration's
Clean Air Act Amendments currently before the Congress. The proposed legislation
8-47
-------
would strengthen many CAA enforcement provisions including penalty authorities
for violations and a potential for felony actions against criminal violators.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,857,700 supported by 64.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,592,900 and 7.8 total workyears
from 1990. The increase will provide additional criminal investigators and
support staff to strengthen environmental enforcement as well as the manpower
to enforce the criminal provisions of the reauthorized Clean Air Act.
The objective of this program is to act as a forceful deterrent to
violations of environmental laws by providing clear evidence to the regulated
community that willful statutory violations will be met with harsh sanctions in
terms of both fines and jail sentences.
Criminal investigations and enforcement constitute a highly visible force
in the Agency's enforcement strategy and occupy an important place on the
continuum of legal enforcement alternatives. Program priorities are based upon
Agency guidance, the compliance strategy of the Assistant Administrator for
Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, and the individual media program
compliance and enforcement strategies.
The Office of Criminal Investigations' (OCI) close cooperation with state
environmental crimes units and other Federal law enforcement agencies effectively
multiplies the visibility and deterrence of criminal enforcement in the
environmental protection arena. The criminal investigations staff performs the
following major functions:
o Screens all leads and develops significant leads into cases;
o Refers appropriate leads to other law enforcement agencies, and
pursues joint investigations when circumstances warrant;
o Pursues significant investigations and develops referral material
for grand jury action;
o Provides technical support and information for Grand Jury
decisions and throughout the trial or pleading process.
Increases in 1991 are needed for several reasons:
o The nature of the program has changed over the past year, and it
is continuing to change. As enabling legislation is reauthorized,
Congress provides more options for criminal prosecution in
addition to those which exist for civil prosecution. Misdemeanors
have become felonies, potential fines have been increased, and
maximum jail sentences have been lengthened.
o The emerging trend toward investigations of larger facilities and
major incidents requires special agen_s from more than one region
8-48
-------
to provide adequate manpower. Two recent examples are the Marine
Shale and Rocky Flats investigations.
o Deterring polluters contributes to pollution prevention, and the
deterrent value of the Criminal Investigations Program is
immeasurable. The publicity generated by such cases as Rocky Flats
or Aberdeen Proving Ground creates a ripple effect of voluntary
compliance. Facility operators are beginning to realize they can
go to jail if they pollute illegally. No longer can corporations
simply write off fines as a "cost of doing business".
o The Criminal Program produces net revenue for the Federal
government. Although the primary objectives of the program are
to deter potential polluters and to catch violators, more money
is collected from fines each year than is appropriated for the
program.
o An effective Criminal Investigations Program requires unique
expense costs for undercover operations, purchase of information
or evidence, support vehicles, and specialized equipment such as
night scopes and monitoring devices to fully realize the return
on the investment in the program.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,264,800 supported by
56.9 total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
The Agency is emphasizing in 1990:
o rigorous criminal investigations, particularly with respect to
potential or documented willful violations of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the air toxic strategy,
toxics in all media, and municipal and pretreatment compliance;
o improved case management through more efficient use of
investigative resources and greater accessibility of criminal
investigators to Regions and Assistant U.S. Attorneys (AUSA);
o closer cooperation with other Federal, state, and local officials;
o greater access to appropriate automated databases; and
o improved technical investigation and evidence audit support.
Priority is given to investigations, cases, and remedial actions
having the highest potential for avoiding environmental harm and
protecting public health.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,591,900 supported by 38.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation.
8-49
-------
In 1989, emphasis was placed on rigorous criminal investigations of
potential or documented willful violations of RCRA, toxics in all media, and
Federal municipal and pretreatment compliance. The National Enforcement
Investigations Center (NEIC) continued to provide criminal case development
in nationally managed or precedent-setting cases, cases with unique
technological requirements and complexity, and cases with multi-Regional or
multi-state impacts. The program priorities and proposed resource allocations
were based upon Agency guidance, the compliance strategy of the Assistant
Administrator for Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, the individual
program strategies including strategies for compliance monitoring, and the
individual case development priorities of the Regional Counsels.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,253,600 supported by 69.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,687,100 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,566,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents increases of $1,367,300 and
$1,033,800, respectively, and an increase of 7.2 total workyears from 1990.
The increase for Salaries and Expenses reflects the higher personnel,
capital equipment and operating costs associated with supporting a growing
civil and criminal enforcement caseload, as well as the Agency's emphasis on
strengthening enforcement.
The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
will provide for several air program initiatives, including:
o the development of corporate compliance histories and targeting
of potential non-compliers through the collection and analysis of
facility compliance and ambient information;
o development of Geographical Information System (CIS) capabilities;
and
o analysis of Toxic Release Inventory System (TRIS) data for
identification of air toxic emitters.
The workyear increase reflects greater technical support of criminal
investigators, workload based on the proposed reauthorization of the Clean
Air Act, and the additional demand anticipated from the Agency's enforcement
initiative.
In 1991, the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will
continue to provide high quality technical support to the Agency's enforcement
program. Support provided by the NEIC includes data reviews, reconnaissance
inspections, field investigations, laboratory analyses, evidence audit
support, report preparation, and supplemental technical information
development. NEIC employees will also provide expert technical testimony and
expertise in negotiating the technical aspects of consent decrees.
8-50
-------
The NEIC will continue to help the Agency build state capacity. State,
local, and other Federal enforcement agencies will have access to the
commercial databases necessary for thorough investigations and audits. The
NEIC will also fund grants to four state enforcement associations.
NEIC cases in 1991 will emphasize large and technically complex
facilities identified by targeting techniques, where the potential for
environmental benefit is the greatest. Cases will encourage environmental
auditing, multi-media and corporate-wide compliance, use of waste minimization
and pollution prevention concepts, as well as traditional control measures.
Over time the facilities investigated have become larger, and have more often
been permitted under more than one environmental statute. Obtaining and
verifying the evidence necessary to convict polluters under these conditions
requires increased sophistication and thoroughness.
The NEIC will also continue to operate a national information service,
providing information to the environmental enforcement community on both civil
and criminal case matters. This service provides access to the information
systems and databases necessary for enforcement case preparation and the
development of initiatives commensurate with Agency enforcement policies and
practices.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,852,500 supported by
62.5 total workyears for this program, of which $3,319,800 is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,532,700 is from the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
NEIC continues to support Headquarters and Regional offices in
developing enforcement cases that may set a precedent, involve violations of
the criminal, civil, and administrative provisions of environmental laws, have
multi-regional impacts, require the innovative application of engineering and
scientific technology to resolve complex pollution issues, or exceed a
Region's capabilities and resources. NEIC plans, develops and provides field
and laboratory assistance, information, and data analysis for civil and
criminal case preparations involving:
o generation, transport and disposal of toxic and hazardous waste
regulated by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA);
o compliance requirements under the Clean Water Act (CVA);
o standards for the control of hazardous emissions and other air
pollutant emissions from sources regulated by the Clean Air Act
(CAA);
o new regulatory requirements under the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA);
o identification of threatened or contaminated groundwater supplies
under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA); and
8-51
-------
o regulatory requirements of other environmental legislation,
statutes and Executive Orders.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,274,800 supported by 58.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,189,300 was from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriations and $2,085,500 was from the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the NEIC emphasized achieving the best return on the taxpayer's
investment. Information integration and enforcement targeting have enabled
the NEIC to identify facilities where the potential for environmental results
was the greatest. These techniques typically led to large facilities where
a multi-media investigation could address compliance with a total
environmental approach.
The NEIC has been involved in a number of significant enforcement cases
and has pioneered enforcement tools in both the criminal and civil programs.
Especially noteworthy accomplishments are:
o multi-media inspections of large facilities;
o NEIC's emerging role as the focal point for laboratory analytical
assistance to the criminal program;
o development of information integration and related targeting
capability;
o major Federal facilities compliance investigations;
o training of state and local environmental criminal investigators
through the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center;
o expansion of state association membership and new state criminal
enforcement programs;
o review of proposed regulations to ensure enforceability; and
o implementation of key new provisions and authorities included in
reauthorized or amended statutes.
8-52
-------
9. TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-9
Scientific Assessment 9-17
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 9-17
Health Effects 9-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology 9-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 9-21
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance . 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-25
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration 9-26
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification . . 9-26
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-28
Chemical Testing 9-30
Existing Chemical Review 9-32
New Chemical Review 9-34
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-36
Regional Toxics Program 9-37
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 9-39
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-43
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-44
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-46
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-47
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$46,233.8 $48,192.6 $47,345.2 $51,129.4 $3,784.2
$80,132.1 $93,993.5 $92,748.5 $46,027.7 -$46,720.8
$16,754.1 $16,182.5 $15,769.1 $16,281.9 $512.8
$143,120.0 $158.368.6 $155,862.8 $113,439.0 -$42,423.8
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
816.9 906.6 865.4 886.2 20.8
863.0 906.6 876.1 886.2 10.1
$143,200.2 $140,097.6 $139,462.9 $104,527.4 -$34,935.5
Authorization for the Toxic Substances Control Act expired
on September 30, 1983. Reauthorization is pending.
9-1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances media covers programs implemented under four
environmental statutes, all of which focus on control of toxic chemical use.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) provides the authority and
responsibility to protect human health and the environment from unreasonable
risks arising from the manufacture, distribution, use, or disposal of existing
and new chemicals. The Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) directs the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assist states and local educational
agencies (LEAs) in determining the extent of risks from exposure to asbestos-
containing materials. The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA)
imposes inspection and abatement requirements on all public and private
elementary and secondary schools, and requires EPA to examine the issue of
asbestos in public and commercial buildings. Finally, section 313 of Title III
of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) requires EPA to
establish an inventory of toxic chemical emissions from certain facilities as
part of a broader emergency planning and community right-to-know program.
To carry out its mandates, EPA will implement the following major goals
in FY 1991: 1) prevent or eliminate unreasonable risk from new or existing
chemicals; 2) reduce unnecessary exposure through voluntary reduction of toxic
emissions; 3) encourage the development of safer substitutes for high and medium
risk chemicals; and 4) maximize program productivity through improved management
and through the strengthening of state and local programs. In addition, two
important cross-cutting goals are to ensure strong toxic substances enforcement
and adequate research and development support.
Prevent or Eliminate Unreasonable Risk
The New Chemical Review Program contributes to EPA's pollution prevention
efforts by preventing chemicals with the potential to pose unreasonable risks
to human health or the environment from entering unrestricted into commerce.
It is anticipated that approximately 3,000 new chemical submissions will be
received in FY 1991, a 20 percent increase over FY 1990. The number of
biotechnology notices is expected to double from 20 to 40, reflecting a
continually growing market for genetically engineered microorganisms. EPA's
General Biotechnology Rule and the section 5(h)(4) exemption rule for controlled
and closed systems will be fully implemented by the end of FY 1991. The Agency
continues to implement improved and more efficient ways for the new chemical
program to perform its role, including the use of advanced technology to reduce
costs for storage and retrieval of the hundreds of thousands of documents
received each year. Savings from these reforms will help offset part of the
increased program cost generated by the biotechnology effort.
The Existing Chemical Review Program aims to identify chemicals that pose
potential risks to public health or the environment, characterize their risks,
and, if unreasonable risks are found, take appropriate action. This program
carries out its review function on hundreds of existing chemicals annually in
9-2
-------
order to identify those that pose unreasonable risks by pursuing a multi-faceted
strategy:
o New data on chemicals are screened to identify possible problems;
o Data in the possession of industry on manufacturing and use of
chemicals are requested on chemicals of concern;
o Industry is required to conduct studies and to do hazard testing to
fill important data gaps on chemicals of concern;
o Annual data on emissions and discharges of toxic chemicals are
collected and made available to the public and other environmental
programs at the Federal, state, and local levels;
o Risk assessments are conducted on suspect chemicals to estimate the
level of risk to human health and the environment;
o Risk management analyses are conducted on substances that pose
significant risk to determine whether the risks are unreasonable and
whether risk management controls should be imposed.
The Existing Chemical Review Program will focus on chemicals with the
maximum potential for reducing risks through governmental intervention, and
those which cannot be controlled effectively by other Federal regulatory
programs. The program will continue to place special emphasis on controlling
risks associated with asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
In FY 1991, the Chemical Testing Program (CTP) will focus on developing
data to meet EPA's regulatory needs through greater use of multi-chemical
testing rules. Issuance of these rules represents a major addition to
traditional chemical-by-chemical rulemaking. As a result of modifications to
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) procedures for developing testing consent
orders and a more streamlined rulemaking process, it will be possible for OTS
to order chemical testing more efficiently. The CTP will continue to meet EPA's
statutory obligations to respond to chemical candidates selected by the
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC). There will be a continued effort to review
test data and respond to test rule modifications. Concurrent with the efforts
to strengthen the EPA testing program are major efforts internationally to seek
greater cooperation in generating chemical testing data. The United States,
through EPA participation in international meetings, has served as a leader in
achieving this international cooperation. EPA will continue in this role in FY
1991.
Reduce Unnecessary Exposure. Especially by Preventing Pollution
EPA is actively encouraging voluntary reductions of emissions and exposure
if there appears to be a high potential for significant risk, even before risk
assessments and/or risk management analyses have been conducted. An important
facet of this effort is the voluntary reduction that is already occurring as a
result of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). The
9-3
-------
EPCRA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program collects and makes available to the
public annual data on emissions and discharges of toxic substances. With the
experience of the third reporting cycle completed, in 1991 we can look toward
both improved data quality and a significantly shortened processing time.
Experience and program improvements in FY 1991 should also provide improved
accessibility and usability of the TRI database to aid EPA staff, the states,
and the public in making decisions directed toward risk reduction and pollution
prevention. EPA will continue to offer "start up" grants to states to encourage
and help them to address data quality and to integrate the TRI data into their
other programs.
Other programs to reduce unnecessary exposure and prevent pollution
include the establishment of university centers for training and technical
assistance in pollution prevention and the continuation of a major effort begun
in 1990 to reduce exposure to lead.
One of our primary goals in managing asbestos and PCBs has been to
eliminate unnecessary exposure. To ensure that the removal of PCBs and asbestos
from continued use does not result in an actual increase in public health risk
because of improper handling, the Agency is establishing in FY 1990 a Regional
Toxics program to complement the existing toxic substances compliance program.
This new program will work with the states to help them become more active in
program operations for the Asbestos-in-Buildings and PCB programs. This effort
will expand in 1991 to build a coordinated Federal/state program in these two
areas.
In 1991 the Asbestos-in-Buildings program will continue to implement the
key recommendations made in the 1988 Report to Congress on asbestos in public
and commercial buildings, including studies to develop improved data on exposure
to asbestos in public and commercial buildings and to evaluate various
mitigation methods.
Encourage the Development of Safer Substitutes
Because more stringent risk management actions could be taken for many
risky chemicals if safer substitutes were more readily available, the toxic
substances program will implement a project to encourage industry to develop
safer substitutes for existing chemicals of high and medium risk. Under this
new project, the toxic substances program (calling on elements of both the new
and existing chemical programs) will identify chemicals, chemical families, or
product use areas for which the development and marketing of safer alternatives
is needed. EPA will publish these findings as a part of its information
gathering effort for existing chemicals. This should stimulate market forces
to generate many needed substitutes.
9-4
-------
Maximize Program Productivity
During FY 1989, major management reforms were initiated at headquarters
in four separate areas to increase productivity (existing chemicals, new
chemicals, chemical testing, and budgeting and planning). These reforms will
be fully operational by the beginning of FY 1991, resulting in more efficient
use of program resources. Examples of reforms in the existing chemicals area
include an effort in the asbestos in buildings program to increase productivity
by stimulating the development of stronger state, local, or private programs.
The productivity of the PCB program will be improved by continuing to shift the
Federal PCB focus from management of use to management of disposal. The Federal
approach to PCBs will also be adjusted to provide a broader role for states in
disposal and management of clean-up operations.
Ensure Strong Toxic Substances Enforcement
The Agency's toxic substances enforcement program is geared toward
maintaining an efficient and effective national compliance monitoring program
with appropriate coverage of all enforceable TSCA regulations. The enforcement
program depends increasingly upon the assistance of state agencies which conduct
compliance monitoring inspections under the terms of cooperative enforcement
agreements. Thirty states currently participate in the TSCA cooperative
agreement program and this number is expected to grow by 7 states in 1991.
State programs emphasize compliance monitoring of existing chemical control
rules, particularly for asbestos and PCBs. The states cannot initiate TSCA
enforcement actions without meeting certain strict criteria of equivalency
provided for in the law. Therefore, the Agency is responsible for case
development and prosecution for all detected violations, whether originating
from state- or EPA-conducted inspections. EPA intends to place additional
emphasis on assisting states to enact appropriate authorities.
The enforcement program is placing a growing emphasis on conducting a
comprehensive compliance program for asbestos and PCBs, including more frequent
and comprehensive inspections at PCB disposal sites, and targeting inspections
at brokers, storers and transporters of such materials.
The enforcement program also supports the enforcement provisions of the
EPCRA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). EPA's inspection program ensures that
manufacturers, processors, and users of subject chemicals comply with Section
313 requirements to submit annual toxic chemical release forms. As the TRI
program matures, additional emphasis will be placed on data quality compliance.
Ensure Strong Research and Development Support
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to support the
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in 1991 by performing research in the areas of
test method development and validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation;
exposure monitoring; environmental engineering and technology; special human
data needs; structure activity relationships (SAR); ecology (both fate and
transport and risk assessment); and biotechnology. In addition, ORD will
9-5
-------
continue to provide technical support to OTS in exposure assessment and
monitoring procedures and risk assessment methodologies for oncogenicity,
mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity. Research will be performed in the areas
of lead pollution prevention and increased health and environmental effects work
in biotechnology.
Consulting Services
Consulting services are used on an intermittent basis to supplement
technical expertise needed in the asbestos program.
9-6
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Actual
1989
Current
Estimate
1990
Estimate
1991
Increase*
Decrease-
1991 vs.
1990
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Existing Chemical Review
Section 8(e), FYI's Received
Section 8 Reports
Section 8 and 5(a) Rules
Preliminary Risk Assessments
Detailed Risk Assessments....
List 2 Inerts Screened
PCB Disposal Permits
Option Selections
Rulemakings
Section 9 Referrals
PCB Exemptions
Asbestos Ban Exemptions
New Chemical Review
Rulemakings
New Chemical Submissions
New Chemical Control Actions
Biotechnology Notices
Biotechnology Control Actions
New Chemical SNURS
Receipt of Test Data
Bona Fide Submissions
Commencement Notices
Chemical Testing
ITC Testing Actions
Non-ITC Testing Actions
Test Guidelines
Test Standard Modifications..
Interim Test Program Reviews
Final Test Program Reviews
454
,152
16
4
2
18
6
1
1
1
0
0
1
1,493
154
6
12**
3
61
467
1,114
14
0
1
49
2
3
600*
,320
11
10
3
50
12
3
3
1
10
15
2
2,750
360
20
10
185
40
500
1,250
6
8
2
75
2
3
600*
,500
10
12
5
0
11
4
6
1
10
15
3
3,000
450
40
20
185
45
600
1,300
6
10
2
75
2
4
+180
-1
+ 2
+2
-50
-1
+1
+3
+1
+250
90
+20
+10
+5
+100
+50
+2
+1
*1990 and 1991 projections may be seriously understated if newly implemented
compliance follow-up efforts result in high volume of 8(e) submissions.
**Includes actions occurring in 1989 on prior year submissions.
9-7
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES (continued)
Actual
1989
Current
Estimate
1990
Estimate
1991
Increases-
Decrease-
1991 vs.
1990
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Title III
TRI Forms Received
TRI Forms Processed
Notices of Noncompliance...
Receipt of Corrected Forms.
Petitions Received
On-Site Technical Audits...
Suspect Tech. Data Review..
Rulemakings
87,000
91,000
3,000
25,000
10
200
1.000
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants
Abatement Projects Funded...
Weekly Exposure Hrs. Reduced.
Asbestos-in-Buildings*
Abatement Projects Closed Out
State Programs Developed....
Enforcement Actions
EPCRA Inspections
Laboratory Inspections..
Test Study Audits
Inspections, Sec. 5
Inspections, Sec. 6
PCB Inspections**
Asbestos Inspections**.
Hexavalent Chromium....
Inspections, Sec. 8
401
4,000,000
370
11
768
10
47
249
2,456
1,548
258
110,000
95,000
10,000
30,000
10
100
1,000
3
400
4,000,000
500
11
669
13
72
129
2,440
1,473
120
130,000
98,000
10,000
30,000
10
100
1,000
2
+20,000
-»-3,000
500
16
700
13
72
129
3,000
3,000
100
120
-1
+5
+31
+560
+1,527
+100
*1989 outputs were accomplished under Asbestos-in-Schools Program
Administration and Contractor Certification programs, which are merged in
1990 into the Asbestos-in-Buildings program.
**Includes Federal, state and contractor inspections
9-8
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research 9-9
Scientific Assessment 9-17
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 9-17
Health Effects 9-19
Environmental Engineering and Technology 9-20
Environmental Processes and Effects 9-21
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$123.1
$3.6
$126.7
$1,446.0
$3,473.3
$4,919.3
$3,502.2
$7,304.0
i10,806.2
$629.6
$1,641.2
$2,270.8
$120.2
$54.7
$174.9
$1,531.0
$3,761.2
$5,292.2
$3,471.0
$5,421.0
$8,892.0
$627.1
$1,982.3
$2,609.4
$118.7
$53.5
$172.2
$1,510.4
$3,707.2
$5,217.6
$3,423.6
$5,266.7
$8,690.3
$649.8
$1,923.4
$2,573.2
$272.0
$155.0
$427.0
$1,705.0
$3,806.5
$5,511.5
$3,925.0
$5,484.7
$9,409.7
$693.0
$2,375.7
$3,068.7
$5.515.0 $5.345.3 $5,273.3 $5.729.3
$4,332.0 $4,963.3 $4,818.3 $4,460.0
$153.3
$101.5
$254.8
$194.6
$99.3
$293.9
$501.4
$218.0
$719.4
TOTAL $9,847.0 $10,308.6 $10,091.6 $10,189.3
$43.2
$452.3
$495.5
$456.0
-$358.3
$97.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Toxic Substances
Research
$11,215.9 $11,094.6 $10,975.8 $12,324.3 $1,348.5
$16,754.1 $16,182.5 $15,769.1 $16,281.9 $512.8
TOTAL $27,970.0 $27,277.1 $26,744.9 $28,606.2 $1,861.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0
22.3 25.0 25.0 25.0
59.6 62.4 62.4 62.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
9-9
-------
ACTUAL
1989
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
10.4 11.0 10.6 10.6
77.3 85.5 85.5 85.5
171.4 185.9 185.5 185.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1.8
23.5
2.0
2.0
25.0 25.0
2.0
25.0
62.5 62.4 62.4 62.4
10.4 11.0 10.6 10.6
83.6 85.5 85.5 85.5
181.8 185.9 185.5 185.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9-10
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods in Support of TSCA Studies
1991: o Evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on postnatal maturation
(Health).
o Report on infared database for analysis of toxic organics
(Monitoring).
1990: o Report on chemometric research (Monitoring).
6 Report on determining dose for small aquarium fish used in chronic
bioassays (Environmental Processes).
Objective 2: Perform Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and Extrapolation
1991: o Development of methods to structurally identify and quantitate
specific environmental chemicals to DNA adducts (Health).
o Evaluation of biological models for prediction of tumorigenesis for
asbestos and other mineral fibers (Health).
1990: o Evaluation of potential use for biological markers in human exposure
monitoring studies (Monitoring).
Objective 3: Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs
1991: o Develop biochemical procedures as measures of human exposure and early
indicators of disease processes (Health).
1989: o Report on the effects of asbestos exposure on teachers (Health).
Objective 4: Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field
Validation
1991: o Report on comparative acute sensitivity of selected esturaine
crustaceans to toxic substances (Environmental Processes).
o Report describing selected SAR relations in uptake of six chemicals
by soybean plants (Environmental Processes).
1990: o Report on microbial transformation rate constants of structurally
diverse man-made chemicals (Environmental Processes).
9-11
-------
o Report on effects of chemicals on the immune system in wild and
laboratory Avians (Environmental Processes).
1989: o Report on an evaluation of cluster analysis techniques for determining
community level effects (Environmental Processes).
Objective 5: Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA
1991: o Report on the feasibility of a testing/certification program for
asbestos equipment and materials (Engineering).
o Report on emission estimates for welding, cutting, and grinding
operations (Engineering).
1990: o Report on in-use effectiveness of negative air systems (Engineering).
o Report on asbestos removal via glove bags operated under a partial
vacuum (Engineering).
o Report on the effectiveness of two cleaning methods to remove asbestos
from carpet (Engineering).
1989: o Developed a protocol superior to the conventional method, for the
sampling of new full- and half-face respirators (Engineering).
o Case-study evaluation of airborne-asbestos concentrations before and
during an O&M activity (Engineering).
o Determined the effect of the addition of C,I. Disperse Blue #79, and
azo dye, on the operation of an activated sludge system and an
anaerobic digester, and the dye's fate in the treatment systems
(Engineering).
Objective 6: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1991: o Human Exposure Assessment Location Project - Report on
FY 1990 Activities (Monitoring).
o Report on blood/breath monitoring for total human exposure to toxic
pollutants (Monitoring).
o Progress report on modeling pollutant sources and human activity
patterns associated with exposure to toxic pollutants (Monitoring).
Objective 7: Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data
1991: o Develop SAR methods and data bases to allow accurate prediction of
the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of chemicals based on
structural and physiochemical parameters (Health).
o Report on human exposure monitoring at SARA sites (Monitoring).
9-12
-------
19.90: o Report documenting application of expert systems for predicting
reactivity parameters for PMN chemicals (Environmental Processes).
o Report on methods to compute reactivity parameters for electrophiles
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on analytical methods for SARA chemicals (Monitoring).
1989: o Progress report on methods to predict toxic mechanisms from chemical
structures (Environmental Processes).
Objective 8: Perform Research In Biotechnology
1991: o Development of methods to determine host species and route of exposure
differences as they apply to pathogenicity (Health).
199_0: o Report on the survival, persistence, and expression of genetically
engineered viruses in-vitro and in-vivo under laboratory conditions
(Health).
o Report on test methods for an enclosed terrestrial microcosm for
evaluating fate and effects of GEMs in terrestrial systems
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on evaluation of selected biochemical and ecological methods
to assess effects of recombinant bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on half-life or aerosolized bacteria (Monitoring).
1£89_: o Review of progress in biotechnology/MPCA Risk Assessment Program
(Environmental Processes).
Objective 9: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicitv and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols
JL9_9_1: o General bed-water exchange model for risk assessment (Environmental
Processes).
o Report on the relation of project results to regulatory criteria and
standards (Environmental Processes).
1990: o Users manual for updating stratified lake transport model for risk
assessment (Environmental Processes).
o Population model and software incorporating lethal and non-lethal
effects on feeding behavior for chemicals that act by reversible modes
of action (Environmental Processes).
19.89: o Report on biological data base for risk assessment (Environmental
Processes).
9-13
-------
Objective 10: Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies
1991: o Guidelines for use of human exposure model in regulatory review and
report on production of reference materials for quality control
(Monitoring).
1990: o Report on computer aided techniques for use in human exposure
assessment (Monitoring).
1989: o Report on asbestos quality assurance research activities (Monitoring).
Objective 12: Asbestos
1991: o Report on methods development activities for asbestos monitoring
(Monitoring).
1990: o Report on methods development activities for asbestos monitoring
(Monitoring).
9-14
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $28,606,200 supported by 185.5 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $1,861,300 and no change in total workyears
from FY 1990. Of the request, $12,324,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $16,281,900 for the Research and Development appropriation,
an increase of $1,348,500 and $512,800, respectively.
Program Objectives
The Toxic Substances research program supports the Office of Toxic
Substances (OTS) by providing the scientific tools and supporting information
needed to implement the Pre-Manufacture Notification (PMN) for new chemicals under
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response
Act (AHERA) and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
Objective 1. Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. This
research develops and validates health exposure and environmental testing
protocols to be incorporated into TSCA Section 4 guidelines, risk assessment
methods, and analytical methods for identifying and quantifying environmental
pollutants.
Objective 2. Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and
Extrapolation. This research develops methods for extrapolating from high to low
doses between mammalian species to enhance risk assessment predictability and
capability. Research also focuses on developing biomonitoring techniques, and
applying biological markers as indicators of exposure and effects to the study
of populations exposed to toxicants.
Objective 3. Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs. This
activity focuses on investigations of human populations exposed to environmental
pollutants. This research will help determine whether biological indicators of
dose and/or effects are related to environmental levels of exposure and if they
are correlated with adverse effects measured by traditional methods. This
research provides an important component to the Agency's overall ability to
accurately estimate risks from exposure to chemicals and make regulatory decisions
under TSCA.
Objective 4. Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate, and
Field Validation. This research focuses on developing and conducting exposure
and hazard assessments of chemicals in water, air, and multimedia environments.
This research is conducted in response to the TSCA requirement that the Agency
take into account ecological risks when making regulatory decisions. Research
focuses on inclusion of identified transport and transformation processes,
pathways of exposure, population characteristics, environmental features, and
hazard assessment techniques.
Objective 5. Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA. This
research focuses on the development of information to predict the release of and
9-15
-------
worker exposure to new and existing chemicals. This research addresses those
classes of chemicals for which the Agency does not have adequate information on
the degree to which unit operations and existing control systems limit their
release as a result of technically based research, allowing for more effective
Pre-Manufacture Notification (PMN) decisions to be made.
Objective 6. Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research
develops methods, evaluates data bases, and statistical tools to improve exposure
monitoring. Multimedia monitoring methods and data analysis techniques are
designed and tested to characterize human exposure to chemicals of concern.
Objective 7. Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. These
research develop predictive methods (Structure Activity Relationships (SAR)) to
provide a tool for determining whether new chemicals pose unreasonable risk or
require further testing. Structure activity relationships (SAR) data are
important for reviewing and screening PMN chemicals under Section 5 of TSCA.
Findings and techniques established by this research will be used to select
appropriate toxicity tests, to document test results, to develop fate and effects
data bases, and to provide the modeling means to predict toxicity.
Objective 8. Perform Research on Biotechnology. This research develops
methods to assess the potential health exposure, risk, and environmental hazards
of biotechnology production and products. Methods are also being developed to
monitor, contain, and destroy genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) from
releases and manufacturing processes.
Objective 9. Perform Studies on Ecotoxicitv and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols. This research focuses on development of methodologies and
models to determine risks posed to ecosystems by exposure to environmental
pollutants. This research is currently developing environmental risk assessment
protocols for both aquatic and terrestrial systems, which will be used in
evaluating risks from both new and existing chemicals.
Objective 10. Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies. This research
provides support for risk and exposure assessments, quality assurance,
dissemination of reference standards and quality assurance reagents, as well as,
expert consultation on problems associated with the evaluation of PMN chemicals
and other toxic substances.
Objective 11. Perform Research on Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to-Know (SARA Title III). This research evaluates and validates emission-
estimation techniques and monitoring methods to be used by industry and the Office
of Toxic Substances in support of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA).
Objective 12. Perform Asbestos Research. Research focuses on evaluating
asbestos measurement procedures, abatement, in-place operation and maintenance
and control technologies, and development of standardized sampling techniques for
asbestos in support of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).
9-16
-------
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $427,000 supported by 2.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $272,000 will be for Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $155,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $153,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
arid $101,500 in the Research and Development appropriation and no change in total
workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects
increased personnel and support costs. The increase in the Research and
Development appropriation will be used to fund new research in lead pollution
prevention.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies. Support will be provided for
preparation, consultation, and review on OTS generated assessments of
carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/ developmental effects, and
exposure. These activities will support decision making under TSCA (existing
chemicals program, PMN review, and test guidelines and rule development).
Perform Research on Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know (SARA
Title III). To support implementation of EPCRA, profiles will be prepared and
installed into the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) to provide public
information on the health effects of chemicals released into the environment.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $172,200 supported by 2.0
total workyears for this program, of which $118,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $53,500 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The 1990 research program is providing support for the review of risk and
exposure assessments and developing protocols for risk assessments.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $126,700 supported by 1.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $123,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, research activities included a reviewal of the test rule on
tetramethylene diisocyanate, and conducting a developmental and reproductive risk
assessment course.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,511,500 supported by 25.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,705,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,806,500 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $194,600 in the Salaries and Expenses
9-17
-------
appropriation and $99,300 in the Research and Development appropriation. There
is no change in total workyears. The increases in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation reflect increased personnel and support costs. The increase in the
Research and Development appropriation will be used to fund additional monitoring
methods research.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Research will focus
on developing and evaluating instruments, analytical methods and procedures to
identify and quantify chemical compounds in environmental media, and biological
tissues and fluids. This research will emphasize bioassays, immunochemistry,
multi-residue analysis procedures, and developing chemometric approaches.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetrv and Extrapolation.
Genetic, immunological, and biochemical biomarkers for their suitability as
indicators of exposure to pollutants will be evaluated. These biomarkers will
provide more flexible human exposure monitoring for chemical pollutants which
cannot be studied by conventional analytical chemistry procedures. Laboratory
studies will be conducted to obtain data about the specificity and sensitivity
of biomarkers to indicate exposure.
Perform Exposure Monitoring_Research. Human exposure to toxic substances
via multiple pathways will be studied to improve and expand the Total Exposure
Assessment Methodology (TEAM). Microenvironmental studies will be used to
determine human activity patterns. Human exposure models will be developed and
evaluated using TEAM data and human activity pattern information from
microenvironment models. Breath measurements will be made to obtain human
exposure data for models.
Perform Research on Biotechnology. Standardized monitoring procedures and
methods for sampling genetically engineered microorganisms will be developed to
measure routine releases of GEMs into the environment. Factors important in GEMs
dispersal and persistence will be identified and described.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies. Monitoring and quality assurance
(QA) guidelines for bioassays data management procedures will be produced.
Computerized approaches for risk evaluation (CARE) will be tested by application
of geographic information system (GIS) technology to existing exposure data in
a contaminated area.
Perform Research on Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know (SARA
Title III). Under EPCRA, validated sampling and analytical methods will be
provided to OPTS to support environmental and human exposure monitoring
investigations of chemical releases. Research will be conducted to use GIS
technology to model environmental pollution from multimedia emission sources.
Perform Asbestos Research. Research will support the implementation of the
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) by improving sampling and analysis
protocols to monitor exposure to airborne asbestos and durable fibers.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,217,600 supported by 25.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,510,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,707,200 is from the Research and Development
9-18
-------
appropriation.
The 1990 research program includes research on exposure monitoring,
analytical methods and providing quality assurance and assessment activities
support for exposure assessment.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,919,300 supported by 23.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,446,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,473,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Biological monitoring methods and biomarkers were evaluated for their
possible use in human exposure monitoring studies. Quality assurance materials
for asbestos and organic chemicals were produced. Bioassay tests were
standardized. A preliminary model of human exposure to benzene was constructed.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,409,700 supported by 62.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,925,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,484,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $501,400 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and an increase of $218,000 in the Research and Development
appropriation. There is no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in the Research and Development appropriation reflect increased
biotechnology research.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Health research
will focus on developing bioassay methods for predicting non-cancer endpoints,
with particular emphasis on neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and developmental
effects. These methodologies will be used to evaluate industry submitted data
on health effects of new chemicals to provide test guidelines which ensure that
the data is accurate, reproducible, and consistent.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers. Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
Improved techniques for extrapolation from animal data to assess human health
risks will be developed. This research provides an important component to the
risk assessment process. Emphasis will be on target organ dosimetry (including
oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure), to determine if the equivalent
doses reaching the target site produce equivalent effects. Biological markers
of exposure will also be investigated.
Provide Information On Special Human Data Needs. Research will examine the
application of biological markers to human populations groups exposed to
environmental contaminants which are suspect toxicants. Chemical data bases will
be constructed for particular areas of toxicological response, including mutagenic
and carcinogenic potential.
9-19
-------
Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. Methods for predicting
enzymatic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and other biological activities from molecular
structures of chemicals will be developed using pattern recognition, statistical,
and thermodynamic techniques. Research results provide a rapid method for
predicting effects of new chemicals based on known data for chemicals of similar
structure.
Perform Research on Biotechnology. Potential dispersal capability of
bioengineered organisms will be studied, along with their potential health
hazards. Health studies will compare the effects of these organisms and naturally
occurring strains on mammalian gut flora. Research will also be initiated to
determine the interaction on invertebrate viruses with human and other vertebrate
cells. This research supports the PMN review process for biotechnology products.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,690,300 supported by 62.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,423,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,266,700 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The 1990 research program is developing test methods in support of TSCA
Section 4 test guidelines, conducting research on extrapolation, biological
markers, structure activity relationships, and assessing potential health effects
from genetically engineered organisms.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $10,806,200 supported by 62.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,502,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,304,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research accomplishments included a summary report for human and biomarkers
research on cancer, and a critical appraisal of the functional observation battery
(FOB) and motor activity (MA) as a screen for acute neurotoxicity.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,068,700 supported by 10.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $693,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,375,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents an increase of $43,200 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $452,300 in the Research and Development
appropriation, respectively. There is no change in total workyears. The increase
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and
support costs for the operation of a total materials containment facility. The
increase in the Research and Development appropriation reflects new research in
lead pollution prevention.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA. Techniques for
predicting toxic releases and exposures from processing and manufacturing new
9-20
-------
chemicals will be developed. Research on priority dye-class compounds, as
determined by the Interagency Testing Committee, will focus on improving their
treatability in wastewater systems with respect to their toxicity.
Perform Research on Biotechnology. An improved qualitative model will be
developed for the state-of-the-art biotechnology processing equipment. Research
will be initiated to investigate operator/process-equipment interactions, and
actual plant data on the source and approximate magnitude of release and worker
exposure that will be acquired based on actual field tests. Evaluation of this
research supports the TSCA requirement to evaluate biotechnology products for
workplace exposure during manufacturing and processing.
Perform Research on Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know (SARA
Title III). Research will focus on identifying important chemicals and industrial
centers in order to enhance the reliability of decisions based on Section 313
chemicals data.
Perform Asbestos Research. Asbestos research will evaluate existing
techniques for asbestos abatement and characterize their effectiveness and cost.
Comprehensive tests of removal and containment techniques will be made under
controlled conditions to determine their utility. Research shall emphasize the
ability to remove or contain small fibers.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,573,200 supported by 10.6
total workyears for this program, of which $649,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,923,400 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
The 1990 research program is developing information on release, exposure
and control measures for new and existing chemicals in the workplace, including
genetically engineered organisms.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,270,800 supported by 10.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $629,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,641,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, a report on the addition of C.I. Disperse Blue #79, an azo dye,
on the operation of an active sludge system, anaerobic digesters, and the dye's
fate in the treatment system was produced.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,189,300 supported by 85.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,729,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,460,000 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $456,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $358,300 in the Research and Development
9-21
-------
appropriation. There is no change in total workyears. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects a
reprogrannning of resources used to fund equipment for the new biotechnology
facility at the Gulf Breeze laboratory.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Test methods for
assessing the impact of existing and potentially toxic chemicals on freshwater,
marine estuarine organisms, and on habitat alterations will be developed and
evaluated. Tests on bioavailability, comparisons of hazard ranking, and of single
species effects (e.g., carcinogenicity) will be improved. Such information will
directly support development of TSCA Section 4 guidelines.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field
Validation. Predictive methodologies/models for conducting chemical exposure and
effects assessments in freshwater, estuarine/marine water, groundwater, air,
terrestrial, and total ecosystems will be developed. Mathematical models will
be validated for use as reliable simulators and predictors of the movement,
transformation, exposure concentrations, and fate of toxic chemicals through
ecosystems. Studies will be conducted in microcosms and field scale mesocosms
to address problems related to comparative toxicology, system-level effects,
hazard evaluations, and terrestrial plant and wildlife toxicology. This research
will support the TSCA PMN process and Section 4 test rule development.
Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. Research will determine
toxicity and preform risk estimates for PMN and EPCRA chemicals submitted under
TSCA Section 5. This includes Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships
(QSAR) on typical PMN chemicals, documentation of test results on PMN analogs,
and developing Structure Activity Relationships (SAR) methodologies and other
estimation techniques. Research will include data base compilation, chemicals
testing (modes of action, genotoxic potential), and development of SAR type
correlations.
Perform Research on Biotechnology. Methods, analytical techniques, and
testing protocols for estimating survival, fate, and effects of microorganisms
released to the environment; and the stability within their genetic pool will be
developed. Methods will be developed for detecting gene persistence and transfer.
The collected data and developed protocols will be compiled for use by OPTS in
their evaluations of PMNs_for biotechnology products.
Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols. Mathematical models, support data, and appropriate protocols to
determine exposure and hazard assessments for ecosystems will be provided.
Predictive models and methodology will be subjected to field testing. Ecosystem
impacts and recovery potential will be determined. These environmental risk
assessment methods will substantially enhance the Agency's ability to regulate
chemicals under Sections 4 and 5 of TSCA.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. Environmental process
research will support OTS on complex problems relating to environmental fate,
exposure, effects, hazard and environmental risk of toxic chemicals and bio-
engineered organisms.
9-22
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,091,600 supported by 85.5
total workyears for this program, of which $5,273,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,818,300 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
This research program is developing test methods in support of TSCA Section
4 guidelines; conducting research on transport, fate, and field validation; and
developing chemical structure activity relationships data. Research is also being
performed on the development of environmental risk assessment methods, as well
as research to determine the environmental effects of genetically engineered
organisms.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,847,000 supported by 83.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,515,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,332,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1989, research activities included a report on the SAR methods for
predicting metabolism from chemical structure.
9-23
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance .... 9-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants 9-25
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration .... 9-26
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification . . 9-26
Toxic Substances Strategies 9-28
Chemical Testing 9-30
Existing Chemical Review 9-32
New Chemical Review 9-34
Asbestos-in-Buildings 9-36
Regional Toxics Program 9-37
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 9-39
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Asbestos-In-School -
Abatement Loans and
Grants
Abatement Control and $44,598.9 $44,007.3 $43,443.0 -$43,443.0
Compliance
TOTAL $44,598.9 $44,007.3 $43,443.0 -$43,443.0
Asbestos-In-School -
Program Administration
Salaries & Expenses $548.1
Abatement Control and $4,442.8
Compliance
TOTAL $4,990.9
Asbestos-In-School -
Contractor
Certification Program
Abatement Control and $798.9
Compliance
TOTAL $798.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $548.1
Abatement Control and $49,840.6 $44,007.3 $43,443.0 -$43,443.0
Compliance
Toxic Substances - TOTAL $50,388.7 $44,007.3 $43,443.0 -$43,443.0
Financial Assistance
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-School - 12.2
Program Administration
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 12.2
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-School - 12.3
Program Administration
TOTAL WORKYEARS 12.3
9-24
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests no funding under this subactivity in 1991. All
asbestos-related activities and resources for 1991 are found within the Toxic
Substances Strategies subactivity, under the Asbestos in Buildings program.
There is a decrease of $43,443,000 for this subactivity from 1990, all of which
is in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS LOANS AND GRANTS
1991 Program Request
No funds are requested for this program in 1991. This represents a
decrease of $43,443,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance. The Agency has
elected not to request funds for loans and grants for asbestos abatement in
schools. Federal resources under this program in previous years (approximately
$245,000,000 through 1990) have greatly alleviated the need for a continuing
Federal role. By 1991 all schools should be well along in implementing their
asbestos management plans. Further, many states have initiated asbestos
management and contractor accreditation programs for schools and are expected
to continue these activities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating $43,443,000 for the Asbestos School
Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) loan and grant program, all of which is from the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, to help local education agencies
(LEAs) with serious financial need to abate asbestos hazards. Under this
program, the Agency solicits applications from schools, ranks applications in
terms of hazard and need, and makes award determinations in consultation with
the states.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $44,598,900 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency made awards, as either grants or interest-free loans, to 231
public school districts and private schools for 401 individual abatement
projects, mostly removals of asbestos-containing materials. As of 1989 EPA had
awarded more than $200,000,000 to about 875 LEAs to fund nearly 2,200 individual
abatement projects. These EPA-funded projects are estimated to eliminate 17.3
million hours of exposure to asbestos fibers to students, teachers and staff
each week.
9-25
-------
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
1991 Program Request
Funding for this program is being requested under the Asbestos in Buildings
program in 1991.
1990 Program
Funding for this program is being allocated under the Asbestos in Buildings
program in 1990.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,990,900 supported by 12.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $548,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,442,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1989, EPA conducted close-out site evaluations of asbestos projects for
which ASHAA funds were awarded in previous years to ensure loan repayment and
that proper abatement was attained. Also in 1989 the Agency began to implement
the four major recommendations of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
(AHERA) public buildings study completed in 1988. EPA produced guidance,
training materials, model state programs, and other technical assistance
materials in support of asbestos management and abatement projects in public and
commercial buildings as well as in schools. Regional technical assistance was
provided for EPA's ASHAA and AHERA school assistance program. A formal plan for
research on indoor asbestos exposure levels, in cooperation with the Health
Effects Institute (HEI), was negotiated in 1989, with the research to begin in
1990.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS CONTRACTOR AND INSPECTOR CERTIFICATION
1991 Program Request
Funding for this program is being requested under the Asbestos in Buildings
program in 1991.
1990 Program
Funding for this program is being allocated under the Asbestos in Buildings
program in 1990.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $798,900 for this program, all of which
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the Agency conducted AHERA accreditation activities, state support
programs, and outreach and compliance assistance for the requirements of the
AHERA schools rule. EPA provided training materials and technical guidance
documents for building owners, managers and workers, developed thermal system
9-26
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Chemical Testing
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Existing Chemical
Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,655.6 $4,138.9 $3,498.1 $3,523.0 $24.9
$3,562.0 $2,892.7 $2,449.6 $2,262.3 -$187.3
TOTAL $8,217.6 $7,031.6 $5,947.7 $5,785.3 -$162.4
$5,608.8 $6,485.3 $9,203.1 $9,566.0 $362.9
$5,952.2 $7,782.5 $8,345.9 $8,370.7 $24.8
TOTAL $11,561.0 $14,267.8 $17,549.0 $17,936.7 $387.7
New Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$12,786.1 $13,720.4 $8,174.8 $9,734.0 $1,559.2
$7,867.5 $8,310.3 $7,220.1 $7,611.2 $391.1
TOTAL $20,653.6 $22,030.7 $15,394.9 $17,345.2 $1,950.3
Asbestos In Buildings
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$597.5 $1,304.6 $1,449.0 $144.4
$10,808.7 $10,670.7 $6,234.6 -$4,436.1
$11,406.2 $11,975.3 $7,683.6 -$4,291.7
Regional Toxics Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$695.0
$250.0
TOTAL
$426.9 $431.5
$426.9 $431.5 $945.0
$263.5
$250.0
$513.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Strategies
$23,050.5 $25,369.0 $22,612.1 $24,967.0 $2,354.9
$17,381.7 $29,794.2 $28,686.3 $24,728.8 -$3,957.5
TOTAL $40,432.2 $55,163.2 $51,298.4 $49,695.8 -$1,602.6
9-28
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL ENACTED
1989 1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Asbestos In Buildings
Regional Toxics Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Review
New Chemical Review
Asbestos In Buildings
Regional Toxics Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
69.6 76.2
103.8 120.0
246.3 252.6
11.0
10.0 .
419.7 469.8
71.1 76.2
108.8 120.0
260.6 252.6
11.0
10.0
440.5 469.8
65.8
158.7
154.0
25.0
9.1
412.6
65.8
158.7
154.0
25.0
10.1
413.6
60.8
165.1
168.0
25.0
15.1
434.0
60.8
165.1
168.0
25.0
15.1
434.0
-5.0
6.4
14.0
0.0
6.0
21.4
-5.0
6.4
14.0
0.0
5.0
20.4
9-29
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $49,695,800 supported by 434 total workyears
for 1991, a decrease of $1,602,600 and an increase of 20.4 total workyears from
1990. Of the request, $24,967,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $24,728,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,354,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $3,957,500 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,785,300 supported by 60.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,523,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,262,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $24,900 for Salaries and Expenses,
a decrease of $187,300 for Abatement, Control and Compliance, and a decrease of
5.0 total workyears. The decreases reflect implementation of more efficient
procedures for developing testing consent orders, rulemaking, and conducting
literature searches and data evaluations.
In 1991 there will continue to be two facets to the Chemical Testing
Program (CTP): responses to the Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) and non-
ITC initiatives. Major non-ITC actions for consideration in 1991 include: a
screening test rule using the international Screening Information Data Set (SIDS)
under development by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD); a screening rule for the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) section 313 chemicals lacking critical basic data; a final rule on
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); an OPTS-initiated rule on major health endpoints for
high volume solvents; a SARA section 110 rule covering the Tox-Profile chemicals;
one or more client rules; and three endpoint test rules (one final; two
proposed). The SIDS screening rule is part of an overall effort to seek
international cooperation and coordination in generating chemical test data.
The ITC Test Rule Program is expected to have a decrease in actions resulting
from a decision not to pursue testing for candidates that appear marginal or
appear to raise scientific issues which require substantial resources to resolve.
Response to anticipated ITC recommendations are expected to include 3 initial
actions, 3 post initial actions, and 4 final actions. However, these numbers
may change as a result of the actual chemicals listed by the ITC. Data
development will begin on the 27th and 28th ITC lists. Procedural rules include
one final rule revising the consent order process and one unspecified rule.
Resources will be allocated to the review of test data on 20 chemicals and
responding to test standard modifications, both of which are expected to increase
substantially during the 1990s. Finally, OPTS will continue to address science
policy issues that arise in test rule development which are not chemical specific
(i.e., pharmacokinetics, inhalation), but which have broader relevance to the
9-30
-------
science of testing and decisionmaking in the areas of neurotoxicity,
mutagenicity, and immuntoxicity.
The Agency will also review and update published test guidelines, which
are an essential part of any test rule. Following evaluation of a candidate
list, two new test guidelines will be completed.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,947,700 supported by 65.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,498,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,449,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the ITC testing program will publish initial testing decisions
on five chemicals from the 23rd ITC list. The 24th list had no recommendations
and designations of chemicals for testing. Work is underway on the 25th and 26th
lists. Work is underway on publishing another four testing actions on ITC
chemicals, including four final rules requiring testing to begin.
The non-ITC testing program includes completion of a final multi-chemical
rule for the Office of Drinking Water (ODW), the first final SARA section 110
test rule to obtain data on chemicals nominated by the Agency for Toxic
Substances disease Registry, a second proposed SARA section 110 test rule on
chemicals found at Superfund sites, and a proposed endpoint test rule (the first
in a series of multi-chemical work rules that require testing or a single
endpoint. Work is continuing on a multi-chemical rule to cover specific Toxic
Release Inventory (SARA Title III section 313) chemicals. In addition we expect
to propose one rule dealing with CFC substitutes and a listing test rule to
address new CFC substitutes. Client rules include two proposed and one final.
We anticipate an increase in test data receipt, document processing, and handling
resulting from previous years testing requirements. Following data analysis and
review, these data are routed directly to the Existing Chemical Program. It is
anticipated that these data will result in several new starts for the Existing
Chemical Review process.
Procedural rules planned for 1990 include a final low volume exemption
rule, a final rule expediting test standard modification, and a proposed rule
revising the consent order process. The CTP also continues to perform annual
reviews and updates of published test guidelines. Following evaluation of a
candidate list, two new test guidelines will be completed.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $8,217,600 supported by 71.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,655,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,562,000 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1989, a total of 14 ITC testing actions were completed. Initial
decisions included one chemical on the 22nd ITC list (21st list was removed from
the priority list by the ITC); another 14 testing decisions were published,
including 11 final rules and three proposed rules. One new test guideline and
one procedural rule were published.
9-31
-------
EXISTING CHEMICAL REVIEW
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,936,700 supported by 165.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,566,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,370,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $362,900 for Salaries
arid Expenses, an increase of $24,800 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and
an increase of 6.4 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel costs and the increase in workyears. The increase
in Abatement, Control and Compliance will support the creation of a state
cooperative agreement program for managing PCBs and additional risk assessments
and risk management analyses.
In 1991, EPA will continue to give priority attention to those existing
chemicals which appear to have a significant potential to reduce risks to the
environment and human health. The identification of these chemicals is achieved
through a formal screening process which is being significantly improved in 1990.
Chemicals that are candidates for risk management in 1991 include: indoor
pollution from new carpeting, brominated flame retardants and chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) substitutes. Two matters under court order, dioxin in paper and follow-
up to the dioxin/furan reporting rule, may also require risk management attention
in 1991. Implementation of the permit provisions of the asbestos ban and phase
out rule and of PCB exemption and permit activities will also continue.
TSCA affords EPA the opportunity to gather information on pollution
problems not only for risk management under TSCA, but also for other program
areas that lack TSCA's broad information gathering authorities. This program
will continue to provide this support in 1991. By 1991, EPA will have gained
important knowledge of possible exposure to existing toxic chemicals through the
three years of toxic release data collected under section 313 of Title III of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Screening these data
will generate candidates for further information gathering, data development and
risk assessment. In 1991, six information gathering rules including amendments
to the Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) will be published. EPA
will continue to review and take action on TSCA section 8(e) and for-your-
information (FYI) notices, incorporating toxic release data wherever appropriate.
EPA will also continue working with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) on SARA section 110 hazard data gaps and playing a substantial
and expanding role in a coordinated national and international cooperative effort
in assessing existing chemicals.
The existing chemicals review program will take part in several initiatives
as part of the overall Agency pollution prevention effort. These include: a
life-cycle approach to reducing lead exposure; the establishment of university-
based pollution prevention training centers; participation with the water program
in an industrial pollution source reduction and recycling project; and
participation with the Office of Research and Development in a volatile organic
compounds area-source prevention effort.
One of EPA's goals is to achieve more comprehensive environmental
management of chemicals by strengthening regional and state programs. In 1991
we will initiate state cooperative agreements under section 28 of TSCA to provide
9-32
-------
start-up funding at the state level to strengthen state PCB programs. These
cooperative agreements will allow states to establish their own programs to
manage PCB manufacturing, processing and disposal, including permitting PCB
disposal sites. This start-up funding will help to avoid the many years of delay
that states would otherwise experience in initiating PCB programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,549,000 supported by 158.7
total workyears for this program, of which $9,203,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,345,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, TSCA information gathering activities continue to generate a
significant amount of data on existing chemicals. The Agency plans to propose
or finalize eleven information gathering rules, some of which will provide data
collection on multiple chemicals for the Agency and other interested federal
agencies. The existing chemical review program also screens and disseminates
section 8(e) and voluntary for-your-information notices to the appropriate
audience. Work is continuing with ATSDR on development of toxicological profiles
under SARA section 110.
In 1990, we are addressing a number of chemicals, including dioxins/furans,
PCBs, formaldehyde, lead, CFC substitutes, and chlorinated solvents through risk
management actions. EPA is under court order to address the problem of dioxin
in paper and dioxin contamination in commercial chemicals. This effort will
produce a multi-media risk assessment and a decision on the need for regulation
in 1990. Risk assessment on dioxin contamination in commercial chemicals begins
in 1990 as EPA receives data under the dioxin/furan reporting rule. EPA will
finalize the PCB notification and manifesting rule in 1990, enabling the Agency
to better track the disposal of PCB wastes and obtain information on companies
that handle and store PCB wastes prior to disposal. A proposed PCB permit
revocation rule is underway which will establish criteria and procedures for
revocation of PCB permits issued under TSCA. Options selection will be completed
by the end of 1990 on aerosol and paint stripping uses of chlorinated solvents
and on formaldehyde used in wood products.
Sample collection and storage for the human adipose tissue monitoring
program will be continued through 1990 while EPA awaits an evaluation of the
program by the National Academy of Sciences. We are also implementing the lead-
based paint abatement activities provided for in the EPA/Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $11,561,000 supported by 108.8
total workyears for this program, of which $5,608,800 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,952,200 was from the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, 16 proposed or final information gathering section 8 or section
5(a) rules were promulgated, including the next iteration of the section 8(a)
CAIR. The Agency received 1,152 reports under section 8(a) and section 8(d),
9-33
-------
and 454 section 8(e) or FYI notices. Preliminary risk assessments were conducted
on four chemicals and detailed risk assessments on two chemicals.
Completed risk management actions included a final asbestos ban and phase-
out rule banning the manufacture and uses of asbestos products, and options
selection on metal cleaning uses of chlorinated solvents.
Other activities during 1989 included options selections for formaldehyde
and aerosol and paint stripping uses of chlorinated solvents. Strategies or
workplans were prepared for dioxins and furans in bleached paper products and
for dioxin/furan contaminants. We issued six permits to dispose of PCBs. The
regulatory review of paradichlorobenzene was referred to the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) under TSCA section 9(d).
NEW CHEMICAL REVIEW
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,345,200 supported by 168.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,734,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,611,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,559,200 for Salaries
and Expenses, an increase of $391,100 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and
an increase of 14.0 total workyears. The increase in total workyears and
Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects increased costs associated with the
biotechnology program. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects support
for current and increased total workyears, as well as support for implementation
of optical disk technology and increases in international travel to participate
in conferences to facilitate better implementation of biotechnology regulations
with the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the
European community.
In 1991, we estimate receipt of approximately 3,000 new chemical notices.
This is an increase of 250 notices over our current estimate for 1990. About
15% of the submissions are expected to result in voluntary or formal control
actions. However, the increase in workload will be largely offset by
productivity reforms implemented in 1989 and 1990. The majority of notices will
be subject to the user fee rule published in 1988, generating approximately
$5,000,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund.
Rulemaking activities will focus on the initiation of several amendments
to the Premanufacturing Notice (PMN) rule. These amendments are needed to
address ambiguities in the current rule resulting from advances in industrial
chemistry. In 1991, the implementation of several program improvements will
occur, including streamlining the process for making Confidential Business
Information (CBI) claims, making section 5 regulation quicker and easier to
impose and improving data collection capabilities. Full implementation of the
New Chemical Follow-up Rule will enable the New Chemical Program (NCP) to include
more new chemicals under Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) in 1991, thereby
reducing the time margin during which a SNUR can be preempted by the introduction
of a chemical into commerce.
9-34
-------
By the end of 1991, the Agency's policy on biotechnology will be fully
implemented; i.e., the General Biotechnology Rule and the Closed System Section
5(h)(4) Rule will be promulgated. In addition, we will propose an Inventory
Update Rule for biotechnology. Submissions for microbial products are expected
to expand to 40. It is anticipated that 50% of these submissions will result
in section 5(e) orders. As with any new program, numerous questions of policy
and review processes modifications are anticipated. Additional resources will
be shifted to this activity as needed.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,394,900 supported by 154.0
total workyears for this program, of which $8,174,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,220,100 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Agency expects an increase in the number of new chemical
submissions (premanufacture notices or PMNs) for a total of 2,750. The majority
of notices are subject to the user fee rule, generating approximately $4,000,000
in revenues for deposit into the General Fund. We also expect to receive 20
notices for microbial products. Review procedures for microbial products are
more resource intensive than regular submissions and are expected to result in
section 5(e) orders on most submissions to require development of additional
information.
An optical disk document storage system will be made operational in 1990
through initial purchases of equipment. This state of the art technology
provides timely access to documents received and generated by the program through
more efficient storage, automated tracking and retrieval. When fully
implemented, and the optical disk system will reduce costs and significantly
improve productivity over the current microfiche system.
In 1990, EPA is proposing two rules to implement the 1986 policy for
microbial products: 1) a General Biotechnology Rule providing for modification
of the existing PMN reporting rule for microorganisms, a research and development
exemption, significant new uses of microorganisms, and user fees; and, 2) a
section 5(h)(4) rule providing the exemption policy for contained and closed
systems.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $20,653,600 supported by 260.6
total workyears for this program, of which $12,786,100 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,867,500 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the NCP received 1,493 PMNs for new chemicals and conducted 6
biotechnology reviews. The majority of PMNs were subject to the user fee rule,
generating $2,500,000 in revenues for deposit into the General Fund. During
1989, significant reforms were initiated to reduce the unit cost of PMN reviews.
These reforms included: 1) revisions of low volume, intermediates, and polymer
exemption policies; 2) implementation of the User Fee Rule, which occurred in
9-35
-------
FY 1988; 3) a streamlined PMN Validation Process; 4) an expanded use of chemical
class or category assessments; and 5) a streamlined rule writing procedure.
ASBESTOS IN BUILDINGS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,683,600 supported by 25.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,449,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,234,600 will be for the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $144,400 for Salaries and
Expenses, a decrease of $4,436,100 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and no
change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is the result
of increased personnel costs. The Abatement, Control and Compliance decrease
results from a 1990 Congressional add-on for worker training and administrative
costs for the asbestos-in-schools loan and grant program that is not carried over
into the 1991 request.
The major thrust of the 1991 asbestos program will be to implement the
1990 national asbestos strategy. This strategy lays out the major program
activities needed for conducting a coordinated asbestos program for schools and
public and commercial buildings.
In 1991, EPA will conduct close-out site evaluations on Asbestos School
Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) loan and grant projects awarded in 1987 through 1989
and monitor projects awarded in 1990. Technical assistance services will
continue to be provided through American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
personnel. We will provide technical assistance and guidance documents to assist
schools in complying with Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) rules,
and offer counsel about AHERA requirements to school officials, particularly
those with priority abatement projects that have not been addressed through the
ASHAA loan and grant program.
The AHERA schools program will involve a variety of implementation
activities, including new training materials for special operations and
maintenance activities in schools, a parent/teacher guide to asbestos and a model
implementation program for school management plans. Another major activity will
be helping states improve their accreditation programs required under AHERA,
and other state programs affecting schools.
Funding of cooperative agreements to establish and expand state asbestos
accreditation and management programs will expand, with funding increasing to
$1,500,000. This funding provides start-up monies to help the states establish
comprehensive asbestos abatement programs in public and commercial buildings,
expanding beyond such programs established for asbestos abatement in schools.
The joint research program sponsored by the EPA and the Health Effects
Institute (HEI) will continue, with a Federal funding level of $2,000,000. This
research focuses on indoor airborne asbestos levels, and attracts funding from
a variety of private interests, such as current and former asbestos product
manufacturers, realtors, building owners and managers, mortgage bankers, labor
organizations and environmental groups.
9-36
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,975,300 supported by 25.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,304,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,670,700 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, in consultation with industry and environmental groups, EPA is
developing and implementing a national asbestos strategy to serve as a blueprint
for coordinating all aspects of its asbestos in building efforts. Through a
grant to the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), EPA continues to
provide technical assistance to states, school districts, building owners,
professional and worker groups, and the general public. Headquarters and Regional
staff, in coordination with AARP staff, conduct close-out inspections for ASHAA
abatement projects funded in previous years, and advise school officials with
respect to AHERA requirements. Technical assistance services by Headquarters
and Regional staff also continue. EPA is initiating a state cooperative
agreement program under the authority of TSCA section 28 to provide start-up
funding to assist the states in establishing training and accreditation programs
for school asbestos management and abatement professionals, as required by AHERA.
Implementation of EPA's 1988 Report to Congress will result in the development
in 1990 of a significant program to address the risks posed by asbestos in public
buildings. As part of this effort, EPA will develop a new Operations and
Maintenance (O&M) Guide for the owners of public and commercial buildings and
a model O&M course curriculum. EPA is contributing $2,000,000 towards a research
effort conducted by the Health Effects Institute (HEI) to study indoor asbestos
exposure levels.
1989 Accomplishments
Accomplishments for this program in 1989 are described under the Asbestos-
in-Schools Program Administration and the Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and
Inspector Certification programs.
REGIONAL TOXICS PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $945,000 supported by 15.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $695,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $250,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $263,500 for Salaries and
Expenses, an increase of $250,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of 5.0 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
the increase in total workyears as well as increased costs for current workyears.
The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects a first-time request
to produce educational outreach documents directed at the states, the regulated
community and the public on the risks posed by toxic substances and EPA's risk
reduction activities. The increase in total workyears will support new and
expanding implementation needs in the Toxic Substances program.
Emphasis in 1991 will continue to be on enhancing the capabilities of the
Regions and states to address problems with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
9-37
-------
asbestos and other toxic pollutants. The national goal for asbestos will
continue to be reducing exposure to the public from asbestos in the nation's
schools and other public and commercial buildings. The major role for the
Regions is in assisting states, localities, and the private sector to assume a
greater role in this effort. Extramural funds will provide resources to the
Regions to set up workshops, and develop information materials and conduct mass
mailings to support outreach and technical assistance activities.
Major goals for PCBs include encouraging state governments to develop in-
house expertise on PCB disposal, providing technical assistance to industry for
compliance with PCB regulations, supporting implementation of the Notification
and Manifesting Rule, increasing state participation in evaluation of site
considerations in applications for PCB disposal permits, and facilitating
transfer of the PCB clean-up program to the states. Activities in support of
these goals include the review and approval of PCB disposal permits for
stationary disposal facilities as well as applications for PCB landfills and
incinerators, and providing technical and risk assessment support for state and
local PCB issues.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $431,500 supported by 10.1
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Regional Program's focus is on providing technical assistance to the
states in dealing with PCB problems, and on enhancing state capabilities in
developing PCB regulatory programs. The focus of the asbestos program is on
schools and other commercial and public buildings, with particular emphasis on
strengthening state programs for accreditation of asbestos professionals. In
addition, implementation .of the Asbestos Ban and Phase-Down Rule requires
extensive Regional efforts to explain to industry and the general public the
requirements of the rule and its impact.
1989 Accomplishments
No resources were allocated to this program in 1989.
9-38
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know - Title III
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
OPTS EPCRA
Salaries & Expenses $2,903.6 $2,807.4 (4,764.8 $3,871.0 -$893.8
Abatement Control and $7,350.9 $11,696.2 $12,237.9 $10,839.7 -$1,398.2
Compliance
TOTAL $10,254.5 $14,503.6 $17,002.7 $14,710.7 -$2,292.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,903.6 $2,807.4 $4,764.8 $3,871.0 -$893.8
Abatement Control and $7,350.9 $11,696.2 $12,237.9 $10,839.7 -$1,398.2
Compliance
OPTS - EPCRA TOTAL $10,254.5 $14,503.6 $17,002.7 $14,710.7 -$2,292.0
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA 34.8 56.9 80.9 67.8 -13.1
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 34.8 56.9 80.9 67.8 -13.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA 37.8 56.9 83.2 67.8 -15.4
TOTAL UORKYEARS 37.8 56.9 83.2 67.8 -15.4
9-39
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,710,700 supported by 67.8 total
workyears for 1991, a decrease of $2,292,000 and 15.4 total workyears from 1990.
Of this amount, $3,871,000 will be for the Salaries and Expense appropriation
and $10,839,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $893,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and a decrease of $1,398,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
1991 Program
The Agency requests a total of $14,710,700 supported by 67.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,871,000 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,839,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $893,800 for Salaries
and Expenses, a decrease of $1,398,200 for Abatement, Control and Compliance,
and a decrease of 15.4 total workyears. The decrease in Salaries and Expenses
reflects the completion of start up activities related to processing industry
data submissions and providing technical guidance to Regional offices. The
decrease in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation is due to
productivity savings in forms processing.
In 1991, management of the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program will focus
on more efficient processing of forms, additional assessment of data quality,
and improved accessibility and usability of the National Library of Medicine
(NLM) data base. Forms processing will be initiated using an optical character
reader which is expected to provide considerable savings in future years. Also
included is $1,000,000 in state grants authorized under section 28 of TSCA to
help address data quality issues. A National Report, including emissions
summaries based on the TRI data, will be published and assistance will be
provided to the General Accounting Office (GAO) for their report to Congress as
required by the statute. Efforts will continue to refine and revise the TRI list
of chemicals by rule. The program will also respond to petitions, process trade
secret claims, provide state and regional assistance, maintain the Title III
Hotline, conduct public and industry outreach activities, and proceed with the
fee waiver program. EPA will complete its review of the 3-year sunset
provision,and publish a notice to either remove the provision or amend the
reporting form and instructions.
The Regional program will continue outreach activities to encourage
comprehensive, accurate, and timely reporting of emissions by industry; to
provide TRI information to Regional media offices, states and the public; to
encourage the use of the data by Regional programs and state agencies, and to
provide training concerning access and use of TRI data. Headquarters and
Regional staff will closely coordinate efforts to make the data available to the
public. Public outreach efforts will also include interpretating/informing the
public concerning chemical releases, informing them on ways to access the data,
and facilitating communication with other Regional media offices. Regional
9-40
-------
staff will work to decrease emissions through data analysis, working with state
and local agencies to identify facilities of concern, and provide pollution
prevention information/technology transfer to the regulated industries. Regional
staff will also conduct industry audits to identify opportunities for waste
minimization and pollution prevention activities, and provide information to
state waste minimization and pollution prevention programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $17,002,700 supported by 83.2
total workyears for this program, of which $4,764,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,237,900 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1990, the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know program is
focused on improving data quality while maintaining the quality of the basic TRI
data entry and public availability efforts. Data quality efforts include a
multi-level approach to identifying and correcting errors in data submissions,
and providing approximately 30 states with start up grants to initiate self-
perpetuating state data quality assurance programs. To ensure that access to
the TRI data base is not limited by economic need and to encourage initial data
access, the fee waiver program provides access to the NLM data base to qualified
applicants. The program will propose a peak release amendment to the Toxic
Chemical Release Reporting rule and revise the list of chemicals covered. A
second National Report is in progress which will compare first and second year
data and assess the reasons for changes in release data.
In 1990, the Regional EPCRA program addresses 6 major areas: 1) promoting
full reporting by all facilities; 2) supporting the use of the TRI data within
the Regional office and in the states; 3) supporting the public's use of the
data; 4) continuing industry outreach activities; 5) promoting better quality
of data; and 6) managing grants to states.
1989 Program
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $10,254,500 supported by 37.8
total workyears for this program, of which $2,903,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,350,900 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989, the section 313 TRI program was fully implemented for the first
time. The major focus was on receiving, storing and processing the toxic release
reports and responding to 10 petitions to add or delete chemicals from the
reporting list submitted in 1988 and 1989. The data were made available to the
public through the National Library of Medicine (NLM) data base. Data quality
efforts included site visits and technical audits to determine the reasonableness
of industry release estimates. A pilot state grant program was initiated to
provide start up grants to support data quality assessment and data management
activities at the state level. A National Report was released which provided
general interpretation of the TRI data base to the public. A waste reduction
data analysis was undertaken to parallel the National Report, comparing sectior
313 data with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) data. Work on a peak
release rule amendment was initiated and a proposed rule to add ten chemicals
to the TRI list was published. A fee waiver pilot program began which waived
9-41
-------
fees for individuals or organizations meeting specified criteria with respect
to their use of the NLM TRI data base.
During 1989, the Regions focused on outreach activities, information
dissemination, training, compliance activities, and intra-Regional coordination.
Efforts focused on facilities subject to reporting requirements for the first
time due to decreasing reporting thresholds and supplier notification
requirements.
9-42
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-43
Toxic Substances Enforcement 9-44
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants 9-46
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement . 9-47
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $8,004.4 $8,302.9 $8,362.8 $9,386.3 $1,023.5
Abatement Control and $1,984.1 $2,743.0 $2,708.1 $2,884.3 $176.2
Compliance
TOTAL $9,988.5 $11,045.9 $11,070.9 $12,270.6 $1,199.7
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control and $2,102.1 $3,150.5 $3,110.3 $5,100.0 $1,989.7
Compliance
TOTAL $2,102.1 $3,150.5 $3,110.3 $5,100.0 $1,989.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $8,004.4 $8,302.9 $8,362.8 $9,386.3 $1,023.5
Abatement Control and $4,086.2 $5,893.5 $5,818.4 $7,984.3 $2,165.9
Compliance
Toxic Substances TOTAL $12,090.6 $14,196.4 $14,181.2 $17,370.6 $3,189.4
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 166.8 183.0 175.5 187.9 12.4
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 166.8 183.0 175.5 187.9 12.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 177.9 183.0 182.8 187.9 5.1
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 177.9 183.0 182.8 187.9 5.1
9-43
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
.The Agency requests a total of $17,370,600 and 187.9 total workyears for
1991, an increase of $3,189,700 and 5.1 total workyears from 1990. Of the
request, $9,386,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
$7,984,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $1,023,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and an increase of $2,165,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,270,600 and 187.9 total workyears for
this program, of which $9,386,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,884,300 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,023,500 for Salaries and
Expenses, an increase of $176,200 for Abatement, Control and Compliance and an
increase of 5.1 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel costs as well as the increase in workyears. The increases
in total workyears and Abatement, Control and Compliance will support efforts
in the regions to strengthen the role of states in regulating toxic substances.
In 1991, Regional personnel will conduct compliance inspections and provide
case development specifically targeted at polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposal
sites and broker/transporter/storer facilities, while continuing to emphasize
asbestos inspections at local education agencies or asbestos contractors under
AHERA. The Regions will also conduct some compliance inspections under existing
Toxic Substances Control Act rules, although many PCB inspections and most
asbestos compliance inspections will be conducted either under contract or
through cooperative enforcement agreements with state agencies.
Regional staff will participate in the laboratory data integrity program
by conducting good laboratory practices (GLP) inspections at laboratories that
perform toxic substances testing. The Regional offices will also conduct
inspections in support of Section 5 new chemical regulations and Section 8
reporting rules. It is anticipated that new programs for monitoring compliance
with new Section 6 regulations on asbestos and hexavalent chromium will also be
initiated.
The increase of 5.1 total workyears will support expanding both the number
of states with toxics enforcement programs and the number of state authorities
regulating toxic substances. Guidance will be provided to the states on the
development of state enforcement infrastructures and legislation and associated
tracking of compliance activities and data.
9-44
-------
Headquarters manages the national toxic substances enforcement program
through guidance to and periodic reviews of Regional programs, including on-site
program evaluations. Headquarters also manages a cooperative agreement with the
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance monitoring
inspections under the asbestos-in-schools rule, and exercises overall authority
in conducting the Agency's laboratory data integrity program for toxic
substances. EPA will continue to conduct full-scale audits of completed test
studies submitted to the Agency, and inspections of testing laboratories to
verify compliance with good laboratory practices. Both the Regions and
Headquarters will also prepare and issue notices of noncompliance and civil
administrative complaints and will provide technical assistance and support as
necessary to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECM) in the
prosecution of civil and criminal cases.
Other Headquarters activities include managing and monitoring contracts
which provide assistance in priority compliance areas. The priority areas are:
sample analysis for PCBs, asbestos, and Section 5 chemicals; inspection support
for the section 6 existing chemicals compliance program; case processing support
for TSCA subpoena/investigatory reviews and TSCA enforcement reviews, and the
development of program guidance and summary materials to assist Regions and
states in understanding priorities and carrying out necessary compliance
activities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,070,900 and 182.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,362,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,708,100 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Regions are conducting inspection programs to determine compliance with
TSCA rules. The Regions are also providing assistance to firms that are either
seeking to comply voluntarily with TSCA requirements, or that wish to take
remedial actions to achieve compliance. The Regional offices are preparing and
issuing notices of noncompliance and civil administrative orders, and developing
and prosecuting cases when compliance is not achieved. Oversight of the
cooperative enforcement agreement program, review and approval of PCB landfills
and unique-design stationary PCB incinerators, and PCB site disposal monitoring
are also responsibilities of the Regional offices.
In addition to providing overall program guidance and management,
Headquarters is managing the laboratory data integrity program and conducting
audits of test studies submitted to the Agency under TSCA .testing rules.
Headquarters staff are managing the AARP cooperative agreement that supports
compliance monitoring inspections under the asbestos-in-schools program and
managing the various other compliance assistance contracts. Headquarters is
also participating in regulation development directed by the Office of Toxic
Substances, and preparing enforcement response policies and compliance monitoring
strategies for newly developed regulations.
9-45
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,988,500 supported by 177.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $8,004,400 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,984,100 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
In 1989 the program conducted compliance inspections, data processing, and
scientific review of data audits. The Regional offices conducted compliance
inspections in support of existing TSCA rules, placing particular emphasis upon
PCB and asbestos-in-schools inspections under Section 6. Upon detection of
violations, including those originating from state-conducted inspections, the
Regional staff developed and prosecuted enforcement cases.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,100,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $1,989,700 to allow an additional 7 states to participate in the
PCB and asbestos enforcement cooperative agreement program, to strengthen state
Toxic Substances enforcement authorities, and to conduct additional inspections
in support of new TSCA rules. Currently, thirty states participate in this
program, which emphasizes compliance monitoring of chemical control rules,
particularly for PCBs and asbestos. The increase reflects the program's
commitment to building state capabilities so that the states can assume more
responsibility for the program. An increase in this Federal grant program will
produce significantly greater compliance coverage, through an additional 1,800
compliance inspections in critical program areas, including inspections for new
hexavalent chromium regulations.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,110,300 for this program,
all of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds support state-conducted toxic substances compliance monitoring programs
in 30 states. These state programs focus upon Section 6 chemical control rules,
particularly PCB and asbestos compliance monitoring.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,102,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These
funds supported state cooperative enforcement agreement programs in 23 states.
These states conducted1,100 asbestos-in-schools inspections and 800 PCB
inspections.
9-46
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Emergency Planning and Cormunity Right to Know Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
OPTS - EPCRA
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $511.3 $618.7 $629.7 $580.8 -$48.9
Abatement Control and $1,472.7 $2,602.3 $2,562.9 $2,474.9 -$88.0
Compliance
TOTAL $1,984.0 $3,221.0 $3,192.6 $3,055.7 -$136.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $511.3 $618.7 $629.7 $580.8 -$48.9
Abatement Control and $1,472.7 $2,602.3 $2,562.9 $2,474.9 -$88.0
Compliance
OPTS - EPCRA TOTAL $1,984.0 $3,221.0 $3,192.6 $3,055.7 -$136.9
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS - EPCRA 11.0 11.0 10.9 11.0 .1
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 11.0 11.0 10.9 11.0 .1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS EPCRA 11.7 11.0 11.0 11.0 0.0
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 11.7 11.0 11.0 11.0 0.0
9-47
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,055,700 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for 1991. Of this amount, $580,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,474,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $48,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $88,000 in the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears.
OPTS EPCRA ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,055,700 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $580,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $2,474,900 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $48,900 for Salaries and Expenses,
a decrease of $88,000 for Abatement, Control, and Compliance, and no change in
total workyears. The decreases reflect the completion of pollution prevention
projects and other Congressional initiatives that were included in the FY 1990
budget, as well as efficiencies in forms processing.
In 1991, contractor personnel will inspect chemical facilities that use,
manufacture or process potentially harmful chemicals to verify that such
facilities observe the reporting requirements of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Act. Section 313 of EPCRA requires facilities to submit
annual toxic chemical release forms to EPA and the state in which the facility
is located. Such forms list amounts of chemicals released into the environment
during the preceding year. Since many such facilities are also subject to the
reporting requirements of Sections 5, 8 and 13 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA), the Regions will integrate EPCRA inspections with TSCA recordkeeping
and reporting inspections where possible. The Regions will develop appropriate
enforcement actions in response to any violations of EPCRA detected during these
inspections.
In 1991, Headquarters staff will review and update enforcement response
policies, compliance monitoring strategies, procedural manuals and guidance
relating to EPCRA. Headquarters personnel will also conduct case development
activities and will continue to oversee and provide assistance for Regional case
development. Other Headquarters activities will include participating in
rulemaking, and providing training to Regional and contractor staff.
Headquarters will also manage a grant with the American Association of
Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance inspections and provide paralegal
case development under EPCRA. Such contractor support enables the Agency to
reach a broader portion of the regulated community without increasing Federal
staff. Headquarters will also continue ADP support for an "expert" computer
system to target compliance inspections. The computer system will cross-check
production and facility profile data to identify facilities that may be
9-48
-------
noncompliers under EPCRA reporting requirements. Facilities with the highest
potential for failure to submit reports will be targeted for inspections. ADP
support will also enable Regions to monitor inspections and cases to most
efficiently manage the program.
In 1991, the Agency will continue to emphasize the quality and accuracy
of data received from the reporting companies by supporting contract inspections
for data quality compliance. Also, Headquarters staff will complete the
development and in-field application of an automated risk reduction inspection
targeting system.
The Agency will undertake a pilot project to incorporate source reduction
into settlements with EPCRA violators. Headquarters will identify appropriate
guidelines for establishing and measuring documentable emissions reductions in
exchange for remitted penalties.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,192,600 supported by 11.0
total workyears for this program, $629,700 of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,562,900 of which is from the Abatement, Control,
and Compliance appropriation.
The Regions are providing compliance assistance to the regulated community,
the states, and local authorities. Compliance assistance includes responding
to inquiries from individual facilities or the regulated industry as a whole on
enforcement requirements, providing training in compliance matters to industry,
state or local representatives, and reviewing and implementing enforcement
policies, strategies and inspection procedures. The Regions are also conducting
compliance inspections, some of which are integrated with other inspections under
TSCA Sections 5, 8 and 13. The Regions are also implementing case development
as violations are detected.
In 1990, Headquarters personnel are developing enforcement response policies
and compliance monitoring strategies to accompany final rules developed by the
Office of Toxic Substances under EPCRA, and providing training for regional
personnel. Headquarters staff participate in regulation development to assure
the enforceability of new rules and to develop rules of practice. Other projects
include developing guidance documents, inspection guidelines, procedural manuals
and other materials to implement specific program activities. Finally, staff
are also conducting case development activities, and providing oversight and
assistance in regional case development. Considerable attention to and oversight
of case development is critical for a newly enforceable program to provide
program-wide consistency among cases and to make precedent-setting determinations
in cases of first impression, thereby assuring the integrity of the national
compliance monitoring effort.
Headquarters is also providing oversight of the grant to the AARP to
conduct inspections under EPCRA.
9-49
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,984,000 supported by 11.7 total
workyears for this program. Total dollars included $511,300 from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $1,472,700 from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1989, the Regions provided compliance assistance to the regulated
community, the states, and local authorities and conducted compliance
inspections. Headquarters personnel developed enforcement response policies and
compliance monitoring strategies corresponding to the legislation and rules, and
provided training for Regional personnel. Headquarters staff participated in
regulation development and issued guidance documents, inspection guidelines,
procedural manuals and other materials to implement specific program activities.
Regional and AARP personnel combined produced 768 inspections in support of EPCRA
TRI reporting provisions in 1989.
9-50
-------
10. ENERGY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
ENERGY 10-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Media Energy ; 10-3
Acid Deposition 10-7
Environmental Engineering and Technology . . . 10-8
-------
ENERGY
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL, Energy
$4,503.2 $3,056.5 $3,200.3 $2,170.8 -$1,029.5
$49,975.7 $30,424.3 $28,971.6 $12,085.9 -$16,885.7
$54,478.9 $33,480.8 $32,171.9 $14,256.7 -$17,915.2
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
62.8 52.4 51.8 30.4 -21.4
67.2 52.4 51.8 30.4 -21.4
$57,314.6 $45,735.0 $45,527.6 $28,502.8 -$17,024.8
Authorization for Energy is under the Environmental
Research, Development and Demonstration Act which
expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorization is pending.
10-1
-------
ENERGY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Energy program provides scientific information necessary to assess (a)
environmental impacts from the nation's energy sector (e.g. utilities, industry,
and automobiles) and (b) potential controls to mitigate environmental effects.
Current Energy program activities are focused on two energy/environmental related
issues:
1. causes and effects of acid deposition and
2. assessment of retrofit boiler technology which can reduce air
emissions that create acid deposition.
Acid Deposition
The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), mandated by
the Energy Security Act of 1980, will be completed in 1990. NAPAP's objective
to provide policy makers with credible scientific data on the causes and effects
of acid deposition should be met. Policy makers will have the 1990 NAPAP Final
Assessment Report to Congress to help them assess potential environmental effects
from changes in air emissions and appropriate controls to mitigate any adverse
environmental effects.
With the issuance of the 1990 NAPAP Assessment, acid rain research will
be reduced in 1991. This reduction represents completion of research on: causes
of acid deposition; aquatic, terrestrial, and material effects; and potential
control technologies.
In 1991, research will continue long-term monitoring, modeling, technology
demonstration and emission activities on air emissions related to acid
deposition. Research will be focused in three major areas. First, research will
estimate air emissions from man-made sources by (a) improving air emission
inventories and (b) applying models specific to major source-sectors. Second,
research will better understand atmospheric processes through applications of
(a) the Regional Acid Deposition Monitoring (RADM) model to assess different
control scenarios and (b) refining RADM to describe deposition in urban areas
and sensitive receptor regions. Finally, research will establish routine
deposition monitoring data on dry atmospheric deposition of chemical species of
interest (e.g., S02, N02, 03, and particulate sulfate and nitrate).
LIMB Control Technology
The LIMB (Limestone Injection Multistage Burner) research program is
developing and evaluating air emission control technology that will remove sulfur
oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gases of coal-fired boilers.
In 1991, LIMB research will continue testing a commercial-scale demonstration
of a tangentially-fired LIMB technology in Yorktown, Va. This project is jointly
funded by the Federal government and the electrical power generating industry.
Consulting Services
Consulting services are used on an intermittent basis to supplement
technical expertise in the Acid Deposition Program.
10-2
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
ENERGY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Media Energy 10-3
Acid Deposition 10-7
Environmental Engineering and Technology . 10-8
-------
ENERGY
Energy Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Acid Deposition
Salaries & Expenses $3,458.6 (1,984.8 $2,050.3 $864.6 -$1,185.7
Research & Development $47,573.5 $28,028.6 $26,673.0 $9,692.2 -$16,980.8
TOTAL $51,032.1 $30,013.4 $28,723.3 $10,556.8 -$18,166.5
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Energy
Salaries & Expenses $1,044.6 $1,071.7 $1,150.0 $1,306.2 $156.2
Research & Development $2,402.2 $2,395.7 $2,298.6 $2,393.7 $95.1
TOTAL $3,446.8 $3,467.4 $3,448.6 $3,699.9 $251.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $4,503.2 $3,056.5 $3,200.3 $2,170.8 -$1,029.5
Research & Development $49,975.7 $30,424.3 $28,971.6 $12,085.9 -$16,885.7
Energy Research TOTAL $54,478.9 $33,480.8 $32,171.9 $14,256.7 -$17,915.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Acid Deposition 46.0 33.6 33.4 12.0 -21.4
Environmental 16.8 18.8 18.4 18.4 0.0
Engineering &
Technology - Energy
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 62.8 52.4 51.8 30.4 -21.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Acid Deposition 49.7 33.6 33.4 12.0 -21.4
Environmental 17.5 18.8 18.4 18.4 0.0
Engineering &
Technology - Energy
TOTAL WORKYEARS 67.2 52.4 51.8 30.4 -21.4
10-3
-------
ENERGY
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources (Acid Deposition)
1991: o Development of improved emissions inventory methodologies and enhanced
estimation methodologies with improved speciation, temporal and
spatial estimates (Monitoring).
o Updating and maintenance of projection models (Monitoring).
o Improve capability for collecting and estimating emissions data at
sources, States, and Regions (Engineering).
o Collect fuel use and emissions data for major electric utility sources
(Engineering).
o Maintain emission forecasting model to support to the proposed Clean
Air Act legislation (Engineering).
1990: o Enhance air source emissions methodology and procedures (Engineering).
o Report on sensitivity testing of the advanced utility simulation and
industrial emissions models (Engineering).
o Provide control technology assessments.
1989: o Report on and provide a computer tape of the 1985 S02, NOx, VOCs, and
alkaline material air emissions inventory (Engineering).
o Release updated versions of the advanced utility emissions simulation
model and the industrial emissions model (Engineering).
Objective 2: Understand Atmospheric Processes (Acid Deposition)
1991: o Application of a fully operation Eulerian regional acid deposition
modeling system (RADM/EM) to analyze control scenarios (Monitoring).
o Evaluate Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) using 1990 surface and
aircraft monitoring data (Monitoring).
1990: o Evaluate the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) using surface and
aircraft monitoring data (Monitoring).
1989: o State-of-science report on RADM with user's guide (Monitoring).
Objective 3: Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases (Acid Deposition)
1991: o Dry deposition data report based on the continued operation of the
National Dry Deposition Network (Monitoring).
10-4
-------
o Evaluate temporal and spatial trends in Acid Deposition (Monitoring).
1990: o Report on temporal and spatial trends in acid deposition (Monitoring).
1989: o Expand dry deposition monitoring network to 52 sites. First year data
provided by 52 sites (Monitoring).
Objective 4: Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects (Acid Deposition)
1990: o Report on Direct/Delayed Response Program predictions on the Mid-
Appalachian region (Monitoring).
o Report on temporal and chemical variability in lakes within the
Northeastern U.S. (Monitoring).
1989: o Report on Direct/Delayed Response Program predictions for the
Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge province Level III (Monitoring).
o Regional case studies of surface water response characteristics
(Monitoring).
Objective 5: Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology (Engineering)
1991: o Continue installation of the tangentially-fired LIMB demonstration
(Engineering).
1990: o Final design report on the tangentially-fired LIMB demonstration
(Engineering).
o Report on pilot-scale evaluation of the E-SOx process utilizing
recycled sorbent (Engineering).
1989: o Report on a commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired LIMB
technology on controlling S02 and NOx air emissions from coal-fired
utility boilers (Engineering).
o Report on fundamental studies to enhance the LIMB process to control
S02 air emissions in retrofit coal-fired applications (Engineering).
10-5
-------
ENERGY
Energy Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,256,700 supported by 30.4 total workyears
for 1991, a decrease of $17,915,200 and 21.4 total workyears from 1990. Of the
request, $2,170,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$12,085,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease
of $1,029,500 and $16,885,700, respectively.
Program Objectives
The goal of multimedia energy research and development program is to provide
EPA program and Regional offices; Federal, State, and local governments; and
industry with the scientific information necessary to help guide the development
and utilization of energy resources in an environmentally acceptable manner. This
scientific information is obtained through the Acid Deposition research program
which was established in response to the Energy and Security Act of 1980 and a
control technology program which is investigating retrofit boiler technologies
such as the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) process. Acid deposition
research is coordinated through the Interagency Task Force of the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) , chaired by the EPA Administrator, which
is responsible for preparing the 1990 Final NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress.
LIMB research is conducted in conjunction with the Department of Energy, which
is responsible for the Federal Clean Coal Technology Program. The following
objectives define the Agency's energy research and development activities:
Objective 1. Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. This research will
improve the Agency's understanding of the amount of acidic pollutants formed as
a result of man's activities.
Objective 2. Understand Atmospheric Processes. This research addresses
the atmospheric processes involved in acid deposition; examines and predicts the
transport, chemical transformation, and deposition processes of acidic air masses.
Objective 3. Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. This research
will quantify wet and dry acid deposition levels to establish deposition trends,
provide vital inputs to effects studies, and provide precise information for
statistical analyses on source/receptor relationships.
Objective 4. Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This research will
quantify the impacts of acidification on representative aquatic ecosystems.
Objective 5. Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology.
This research will develop and evaluate air emission control technologies that
will remove sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gases of
pulverized coal-fired boilers.
10-6
-------
ACID DEPOSITION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,556,800 supported by 12.0 total workyears
for this research, of which $864,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,692,200 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $1,185,700 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, $16,980,800 in the Research and Development appropriation,
and a decrease 21.4 total workyears. This reduction primarily reflects the
completion of the NAPAP Assessment, and the completion of nearly all of the
effects research in the acid deposition program.
Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. The main components of this
research are directed towards support of the President's proposed Clean Air Act
Amendments. Research will include the development of an improved methodology for
estimating emissions, quality assurance, and maintenance of emission forecast
models.
Understand Atmospheric Processes. This program will apply a fully
operational Regional Acid Deposition Model/Emissions Model (RADM/EM) modeling
system to analyze and evaluate control scenarios, and perform source/receptor
analyses in support of the President's Clean Air Act Amendments.
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. This research will quantify
wet and dry acid deposition levels to establish deposition trends.
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. The Aquatic Effects Program will
complete work on the Watershed Manipulation Program and publish results of Aquatic
research initiated in previous years.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $28,723,300 supported by 33.4
total workyears for this research, of which $2,050,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $26,673,000 is from the Research and Development
appropriation.
These resources will be used to complete the work required in support of
the 1990 NAPAP Integrated Assessment and production of SOS/T reports for NAPAP
in all program areas. This research will include the completion of a 1984
emissions data base; improving current area source methodologies; application of
the completed AUSM model; evaluation of the RADM/EM modeling system; completion
of a successful meteorological seasonal aggregation scheme; operation of the wet
deposition and dry deposition monitoring network and completion of methods
development; and completion of the Episodic Research program, the direct delayed
response programs and the atmospheric exposure to forests.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $51,032,100 supported by 49.7 total
workyears for this research, of which $3,458,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $47,573,500 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
"\
10-7
-------
The atmospheric processes program carries out a successful first intensive
field program involving aircraft research components from the Federal Republic
of Germany. The goals of this program, in the collection of a data base for RADM
evaluation, were exceeded. A 49 station dry deposition network was installed,
and successfully operated. A research grade emissions inventory for the year 1985
was released in final version. Reports were compiled and released on the
Direct/Delayed Response Project for the Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge Provence
and on the current status of fish communities in the upper Peninsula of Michigan.
A synthesis of the response of seedlings to sulfur, nitrogen and associated
pollutants was completed. Major progress was made in developing a NAPAP
Assessment Plan and in submitting review drafts.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,699,900 supported by 18.4 total workyears
for this research, of which $1,306,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,393,700 will be for the Research and Development
appropriation. This represents increases of $156,200 in Salaries and Expenses
and $95,100 in the Research and Development appropriation. The increase reflects
increased personnel, support, and research costs.
Develop and evaluate LIMB Control Technology. Research will be conducted
in two areas: (1) laboratory, bench, and pilot demonstration of innovative
SOx/NOx technologies; and (2) commercial scale demonstration of the tangentially-
fired boiler technology. Laboratory development will involve work in improved
sorbents, reactivation of sorbents (the ADVACATE process), humidification,
precipitators and general support for the LIMB processes. The research program
office will begin the initial work on the tangentially-fired boiler LIMB
demonstration at Yorktown, VA. The LIMB commercial demonstration program is being
funded jointly by the Federal government and industry.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,448,600 and 18.4 total
workyears for this research, of which $1,150,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,298,600 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program office will complete initial work on support modeling,
combustion testing, and preliminary design for the tangentially-fired boiler LIMB
demonstration at Yorktown, VA. This large scale demonstration is important
because approximately 40% of U.S. utility boilers are tangentially fired. The
program will also complete the final report on the wall-fire boiler LIMB
demonstration at Edgewater, Ohio. The LIMB commercial-scale demonstrations are
jointly funded by the Federal government and the utility industry.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,446,800 supported by 17.5 total
workyears for this research, of which $1,044,600 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,402,200 was from the Research and Development
appropriation.
10-8
-------
In 1989, the Agency completed testing of the wall-fired LIMB technology
commercial scale demonstration at Edgewater, Ohio.
10-9
-------
11. MANAGEMENT
AND SUPPORT
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT 11-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management 11-6
Program Management - Air and Radiation 11-8
Program Management - Water 11-8
Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring . . 11-9
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-10
Program Management - General Counsel 11-11
Program Management - Research and Development 11-12
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response . . . . 11-12
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-14
Immediate Office of the Administrator 11-17
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-18
Office of Executive Support 11-18
Administrator's Representation Fund 11-19
Office of Civil Rights 11-20
Science Advisory Board 11-21
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-21
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-22
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-23
Office of Communications and Public Affairs 11-24
Office of Inspector General 11-25
Office of Inspector General 11-26
Office of General Counsel 11-29
General Counsel ........... 11-30
Office of International Activities 11-32
Office of International Activities : 11-33
Office of Federal Activities 11-35
Office of Federal Activities 11-36
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-38
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-40
Integrated Environmental Management Program 11-41
Office of Policy Analysis 11-42
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-44
Office of Pollution Prevention 11-46
Pollution Prevention Program (Grants) 11-48
Office of Administration and Resources Management . . 11-50
Program Management-Administration 11-52
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-53
Office of the Comptroller 11-54
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters 11-55
Organization and Health Services 11-56
Facilities and Management Services 11-57
Information Systems and Services 11-58
Human Resources Management 11-59
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-61
Resource Management - Regions 11-63
Financial Management - Regions ... 11-63
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-64
Administrative Management - Regions 11-65
Regional Management 11-66
Regional Counsel 11-66
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-67
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-70
Professional Training 11-71
Nationwide Support Services 11-72
Headquarters Support Services 11-72
Regional Support Services 11-73
Automated Data Processing Support Costs 11-74
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-75
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-76
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-76
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries & Expenses $348,606.1 $380,281.1 $374.706.0 $435,695.7 $60,989.7
Office of Inspector $21,085.4 $20,845.4 $25,027.8 $4,182.4
General
Abatement Control and $12,737.4 $22,061.2 $22,477.4 $16,337.9 -$6,139.5
Compliance
TOTAL, Management and $361,343.5 $423,427.7 $418,028.8 $477,061.4 $59,032.6
Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS 2,700.2 3,022.9 2,943.6 3,209.2 265.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS 2,894.2 3,002.9 3,050.7 3,209.2 158.5
OUTLAYS $359,827.4 $396,256.0 $394,460.5 $456,922.8 $62,462.3
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
11-1
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction and policy oversight
for all Agency programs, as well as those administrative and support services
that are not assigned to a specific program. Management and Support services
include providing quality legal services, promoting technically and economically
defensible regulatory and policy alternatives, enhancing the public's perception
and understanding of the Agency's goals, managing for environmental results, and
pursuing a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled career
environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency
Management, Regional Management, and Support Costs.
Program Management includes policy development, program development and
oversight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's
environmental program offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation,
Water, Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, International Activities,
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, General Counsel, Research and Development, and
Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Agency Management includes Agencywide management functions and policy
activities. Agency Management involves the following activities:
Policy direction, through the Executive Offices at Headquarters, consists
of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator and their immediate staffs,
Regional Operations and State/Local Relations, Executive Support, Administrator's
Representation Fund, Civil Rights, Science Advisory Board, Administrative Law
Judges, and Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Cooperative
Environmental Management, Congressional and Legislative Affairs, and
Communications and Public Affairs. The responsibilities of the Executive Offices
include improving communications between Headquarters and the Regions, ensuring
an effective Congressional liaison, and interpreting the Agency's priorities and
programs.
International Activities are performed by the following components:
International Cooperation Division, International Issues Division, and Program
Operations Division. These divisions will address global environmental issues.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following components:
Program Management, the Offices of Policy Analysis, Regulatory Management and
Evaluation and Pollution Prevention as well as the Pollution Prevention Program
(State grants). Together they will further develop pollution prevention efforts
through Agency policy and through working with state programs and other levels
of government.
Legal services for litigation in which the Agency is a defendant are
provided to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a
Regional Counsel in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC)
provides legal services and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers.
OGC, in cooperation with the Department of Justice, represents the Agency in all
11-2
A
-------
legal matters in which the Agency is a defendant. Additionally, OGC reviews
proposed actions, decisions, and regulations to assure that they are legally
defensible.
Inspector General activities include audits and investigations of Agency
activities to promote economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and to prevent and
detect fraud, waste, and abuse in EPA programs and operations.
Administration and Resources Management provides management activities in
Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program operations
located in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The
office has several components: Program Management, Financial Management,
Comptroller, Organization and Health Services, Contracts and Grants, Facilities
and Management Services, Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources
Management.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed in each Regional office. The Regional elements cover the
Regional and Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and Regional
staff for public affairs, congressional and intergovernmental relations, and
civil rights. Other activities include budget development and execution,
preparation of Regional operating plans, legal services, program evaluation,
financial and personnel management, information management, administration of
Freedom of Information Requests, and facilities and property management.
Support Costs include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. These costs represent:
o Office and building services, such as library services, commercial
telephone use, printing and copying, utilities, security, ADP technical support,
and custodial and maintenance services for programs located at Headquarters,
Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;
o Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, centralized data
processing, U. S. Postal Services charges, Federal Telecommunications System
(FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen's compensation, and health and safety
costs for all Agency programs in all locations;
o Office and building services for laboratories and field stations operated
by the Office of Air and Radiation, Research and Development, and Pesticides and
Toxic Substances; and
o Common services in Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance, library
services, and mini-computer operations.
Program Priorities
Priorities for the Executive Offices in 1991 will include: continued
emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts for both environmental and civil
rights regulations; stronger support from Headquarters and Regions to small,
minority, and women's environmental businesses; bringing greater scientific
credibility to regulatory decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by the
Science Advisory Board; more effective communication between Headquarters and
11-3
-------
the Regions; and continued clear interpretation of EPA's programs and
priorities; increased Agency effectiveness by improving Congressional liaison;
continued effective liaison with state and local governments; and stronger
outreach programs with the private and public sectors and involve citizen
participation.
The Office of General Counsel will continue to provide legal advice and
counsel the Agency's top management and media program offices concerning legal
interpretation of EPA-administered statutes, other applicable laws, and on such
matters as personnel, grants, and contracts. Additionally, the Office of General
Counsel will continue to represent the Agency in all major regulatory actions,
and ensure that legal errors are avoided and legal positions are presented in
the most persuasive manner.
The Office of International Activities will play a primary role in advising
the Administrator on international environmental issues and will exercise lead
responsibility within EPA for devising strategies to advance the U. S. position.
It will continue to manage, direct and evaluate bilateral activities ranging from
Canada and Mexico to Eastern Europe, the USSR and developing countries; and will
participate actively with multilateral organizations on a host of issues such
as global climate change, international development and lending policies, and
technology transfer to developing countries.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation will exercise a leadership
role in multi-media pollution prevention by developing Agency policy, supporting
state programs, and providing incentives for industry, consumers, and all levels
of government to reduce or eliminate residuals before they become "pollutants".
It also will have lead responsibility for important aspects of the global climate
change program working closely with the Offices of Research and Development, Air
and Radiation, and International Activities as well as with other agencies and
international organizations. Four-year, media-specific strategic plans will be
expanded to include cross-media programs. Cooperative efforts with the
Departments of Agriculture, Interior and Energy will focus on pollution
prevention measures, protecting ecological values, and energy conservation.
The Office of Inspector General will continue to emphasize internal and
management audits to improve the economy, efficiency of EPA programs and provide
audit coverage to EPA programs and operations which have received little or no
audit coverage in the past. It will provide limited audit coverage for the
close-out of wastewater treatment construction grants and expand audit coverage
of EPA contracts and other grants. The office will continue its investigation
of antitrust activities and other construction-related fraud and will
aggressively pursue new initiatives to ferret out fraud in EPA-funded contracts.
It will further its efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing its activities
to EPA employees, identifying areas sensitive to fraud, and developing new fraud
detection tools and methods.
The Office of Administration and Resources Management will continue to
assure a strong system of financial internal controls, including work toward
integration and improvement of all agency financial management and accounting
systems; continue developing a program for better information management
planning, particularly between EPA and states; continue improvement in contracts
and grants administration; continue to provide a strong health and safety
program; pursue a focused human resources management effort to build a skilled
11-4
A
-------
career environmental workforce; continue to improve working conditions at the
Headquarters facilities; and continue to provide essential administrative and
support services to enhance the Agency's ability to fulfill its various mandates.
In the Regional management areas, the Agency will continue its commitment
to strengthen Regional environmental programs and maintain strong Regional
planning and management efforts. Development of State/EPA data management plans
to improve efficiency and reliability of methods for sharing environmental data
will receive priority attention.
In Support, the program will continue to provide general support services
to Agency programs. This request will also enable the Agency to continue its
effort to replace obsolete computers in the Regional offices, as well as cover
cost escalations such as rent, telephone, and utility rate increases.
Consulting Services
Management consulting services provide advisory and consulting services in
such areas as: management assistance for the design of financial systems,
regional management assistance in support of the EPA/State Data Management
program and management support of the Agency's public-private partnership
initiative. Consulting services also provide scientific data through the
following types of analyses; engineering analysis, economic and financial
analysis, statistical and technical analyses, technology assessments and
environmental/energy implications of global atmospheric changes.
11-5
-------
Program
Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management 11-6
Program Management - Air and Radiation 11-8
Program Management - Water 11-8
Program Management - Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring . . 11-9
Program Management - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-10
Program Management - General Counsel 11-11
Program Management - Research and Development 11-12
Program Management - Solid Waste and Emergency Response .... 11-12
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Water
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
$3,101.0
$3,101.0
$3,096.5
$3,096.5
$2,959.2
$2,959.2
$3,109.1
$3,109,1
$2,934.3
$2,934.3
$2,954.0
$2,954.0
$3,021.3
$3,021.3
$3,065.8
$3,065.8
$87.0
$87.0
$111.8
$111.8
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
$528.7
$528.7
$2,861.0
$2,861.0
$714.3
$714.3
$2,962.1
$2,962.1
$574.5
$574.5
$2,837.1
$2,837.1
$759.6
$759.6
$3,216.0
$3,216.0
$185.1
$185.1
$378.9
$378.9
Program Management -
General Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Program Management -
Research & Development
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management
TOTAL
TOTAL
$482.6
$482.6
$510.3
$510.3
$503.4
$503.4
$544.0
$544.0
$5,708.0 $5,377.9 $6,323.5 $7,026.0
$5,708.0 $5,377.9 $6,323.5 $7,026.0
$1,785.3 $1,715.0 $1,691.9 $2,169.8
$1,785.3 $1,715.0 $1,691.9 $2,169.8
$40.6
$40.6
$702.5
$702.5
$477.9
$477.9
$17,563.1 $17,347.9 $17,818.7 $19,802.5 $1,983.8
TOTAL $17,563.1 $17,347.9 $17,818.7 $19,802.5 $1,983.8
11-6
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT
1989 1990 ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST INCREASE *
1991 DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program Management -
General Counsel
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
41.8 44.6 44.6 44.6
41.3 45.9 45.9 45.9
8.2 11.9
10.0
11.0
37.9 42.6 42.8 42.8
8.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
64.0 62.4 71.8 71.8
28.7 28.0 28.0 28.0
230.4 245.9 253.6 254.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program Management -
General Counsel
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS
44.1 44.6 44.6 44.6
45.6 45.9 45.9 45.9
9.1 11.9
10.0
11.0
41.0 42.6 42.8 42.8
8.7 10.5 10.5 10.5
65.9 62.4 71.8 71.8
30.3 28.0 28.0 28.0
244.7 245.9 253.6 254.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
11-7
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $19,802,500 supported by 254.6 workyears
for 1991, an increase of $1,983,800 and an increase of 1.0 total workyears from
1990. All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
AIR AND RADIATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,021,300 supported by 44.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $87,000 from 1990. Air and
radiation program management will focus on implementation of the Indoor Radon
Abatement Act, the Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium Mill
Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act, and on development of major policies and decisions related to these acts.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $2,934,300 supported by 44.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program provides management support for implementation of
the Indoor Radon Abatement Act, the Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, the
Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, and the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act. Key activities include: executive management, strategic
planning, program planning and analysis, resource management, and budget
formulation. The program also provides administrative support to Office of Air
and Radiation (OAR) components.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated $3,101,000 for this program supported by 44.1
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided executive management, program planning and analysis, and
budget and administrative support to OAR offices.
OFFICE OF WATER
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,065,800 supported by 45.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $111,800 from 1990 and no change
in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
11-8
-------
The 1991 request supports the development of national policy and
implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and
Drinking Water media. Specific activities include: management of the Office of
Water operating guidance and accountability system; development of program plans
and budget for implementation of Agency policies; development of legislative
initiatives and directions; review of regulations and program policies; tracking
of budget execution; and administrative management.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,954,000 supported by 45.9
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This program is supporting the development of national policy and
implementation of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and
Drinking Water media. Specific activities include: management of the Office of
Water operating guidance and accountability system; development of program plans
and budget for implementation of Agency policies; development of legislative
initiatives and directions; review of regulations and program policies; tracking
of budget execution; and administrative management.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,096,500 supported by 45.6
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program continued to focus in 1989 on the implementation of the Clean Water
Act and Safe Drinking Water Act. Activities such as long-range planning and
policy analysis, budget development and execution and administrative management
were accomplished.
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $759,600 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for 1991 for this program, an increase of $185,100 and an increase of 1.0 total
workyears from 1990. All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $759,600 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $185,100 and an increase of 1.0
total workyears from 1990. The dollar increase will fund the added workyears
and provide for increased personnel and support costs. The additional workyear
will be used to improve financial management and computer system support to the
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECM) and the Office of Federal
Activities (OFA).
11-9
-------
The request will be used for financial, management and administrative
services for OECM-Headquarters, OFA, the National Investigations Center (NEIC),
Regional legal enforcement, and the Criminal Investigation Program. Emphasis
will be placed on improving administrative management functions, information
management systems, and ADP support services. Increasing use of automation as
a cost-effective tool will be required to effectively manage growth in the
program areas and trust funds and greater complexity in financial tracking.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $574,500 supported by 10.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Resources in 1990 will provide basic support to OECM, and for
the first time OFA due to an Agency reorganization. Basic support includes
program planning, personnel management, budget formulation and execution,
financial management, information management, and ADP support. Budget
formulation support and execution oversight are also provided to NEIC and the
Criminal Investigation Program. Workload analyses and distribution of resources
are provided for Regional legal enforcement.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $528,700 supported by 9.1 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program provided basic managerial support for program planning,
personnel, budget, financial management and administrative support services to
the Assistant Administrator of OECM. In addition, budget formulation support
was provided to the NEIC, Regional legal enforcement, and the expanding and
increasingly visible Criminal Investigation Program.
PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,216,000 supported by 42.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $378,900 and no change in total
workyears from 1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses results from the
transfer of total funding for the activities of the Biotechnology Science
Advisory Committee to OPTS, as well as increased emphasis on international
activities.
This program will support senior level management of the Pesticides and
Toxic Substances program and the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator
for Pesticides and Toxic Substances, as well as funding the activities of the
Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee. Key activities include: efficient
and effective general management, strategic planning, and administrative and
budget support.
11-10
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,837,100 supported by 42.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provide senior level management of the Pesticides
and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office of the Assistant
Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances with support, as well as
partially funding, along with the Office of Research and Development, the
activities of the Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $2,861,000 supported by 41.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provided support for the senior level management
of the Pesticides and Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office of the
Assistant Administrator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances and, along with the
Office of Research and Development, funded the activities of the Biotechnology
Science Advisory Committee.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1991 Program Request
The Agency requires a total of $544,000 supported by 10.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $40,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs.
The request will support planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $503,400 supported by 10.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The program provides for planning, budgeting, financial management,
management analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $482,600 supported by 8.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Activities focused on providing planning, analytical support, budgeting,
financial management, and administrative services to the Office of General
Counsel.
11-11
-------
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,026,000 supported by 71.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $702,500 from 1990. Additional resources will
be used to maintain central management control processes to optimize ORD's use
of capital equipment, laboratory and office facilities, human resources, and to
incorporate improvements of the Agency's new Financial Management Information
System.
This program will provide policy guidance, direction and support to ORD's
programs to ensure the effective coordination of diverse research programs and
administrative management services. These activities include: coordination of
the research program planning and budgeting; monitoring of operating year budget
execution; coordination of the research activities and administrative support
services required at the co-located laboratories in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina; liasion to EPA Regions, OMB, Congress and other
Federal agencies; operation and enhancement of ORD's information systems to
support research program planning and management accountability and performance
of other program management activities such as facilities planning and
management, and management and evaluation studies required for ORD.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,323,500 supported by 71.8
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Management will continue to coordinate and integrate the entire research
and development effort of the Agency, ensuring that the needs identified by
program and Regional offices are met.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $5,708,000 supported by 65.9 total workyears for this
program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These
resources provided for the overall direction, policy guidance, mangement
analyses, liaison activities, program planning and budgeting, ORD's information
systems, and general administrative support.
SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,169,800 supported by 28.0 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $477,900 from 1990. The increase in Salaries
and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
This request will allow the Agency to continue to maintain a complete
administrative and programmatic management team within the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response (OSWER). This will provide for the full array of policy,
regulatory development, and analysis activities; public liaison functions;
11-12
-------
resource management; information management; and other support activities for
the OSWER programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,691,900 supported by 28.0
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from the OSWER
management team to the Regions, to the program offices, and to the Agency. OSWER
program management activities include the review of policy recommendations and
proposed regulations; integration of both program and funds control; information
management; property management; and administrative support.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,785,300 supported by 30.3
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
OSWER program management integrated hazardous waste and Superfund activities;
managed the review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations; maintained
effective management controls; and provided personnel, financial, administrative,
and information management support to the program offices.
11-13
-------
Office of the
Administrator
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices 11-14
Immediate Office of the Administrator . . . 11-17
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations .... 11-18
Office of Executive Support 11-18
Administrator's Representation Fund ....... 11-19
Office of Civil Rights 11-20
Science Advisory Board 11-21
Office of Administrative Law Judges 11-21
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization .... 11-22
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs 11-23
Office of Communications and Public Affairs 11-24
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,527.2 $2,118.1 $2,437.9 $2,884.5
$984.6 $972.1
TOTAL $2,527.2 $3,102.7 $3,410.0 $2,884.5
Office of Regional
Operations and
State/Local Relations
Salaries & Expenses
Office Of Executive
Support
Salaries & Expenses
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Science Advisory Board
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Communication
and Public Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
$943.1
$943.1
$1,132.7
$1,132.7
$1.1
$1.1
$609.2
$609.2
$826.7 $1,086.6 $1,349.3
$826.7 $1,086.6 $1,349.3
$969.1 $1,397.5 $1,701.9
$969.1 $1,397.5 $1,701.9
$5.0
$5.0
$5.0
$5.0
$490.5
$490.5
$484.0
$484.0
$6.0
$6.0
$1,518.1 $1,452.6 $1,413.6 $1,649.9
$1,518.1 $1,452.6 $1,413.6 $1,649.9
$1,540.6 $1,441.4 $1,472.0 $1,735.8
$1,540.6 $1,441.4 $1,472.0 $1,735.8
$994.7 $1,105.9 $1,098.2 $1,281.0
$994.7 $1,105.9 $1,098.2 $1,281.0
$638.7
$638.7
TOTAL
$2,199.5 $2,255.3 $2,208.7 $2,661.1
$2,199.5 $2,255.3 $2,208.7 $2,661.1
$3,526.6 $3,672.6 $4,108.0 $4,792.6
$3,526.6 $3,672.6 $4,108.0 $4,792.6
$446.6
-$972.1
-$525.5
$262.7
$262.7
$304.4
$304.4
$1.0
$1.0
$236.3
$236.3
$263.8
$263.8
$182.8
$182.8
$154.7
$154.7
$452.4
$452.4
$684.6
$684.6
11-14
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses TOTAL
Abatement Control and
Compliance TOTAL
Office of the Administrator/
Executive Offices TOTAL
PERMANENT UORtCYEARS
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations and State/Local
Relations
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$14,992.8 $14,337.2 $15,711.5 $18,700.8 $2,989.3
$984.6 $972.1 -$972.1
$14,992.8 $15,321.8 $16,683.6 $18,700.8 $2,017.2
33.7 37.8 39.8 43.8 4.0
12.6 11.7 20.6 20.6 0.0
24.0 24.8 28.8 30.4 1.6
23.2 24.8 22.8 24.8 2.0
14.9 24.4 14.6 25.4 10.8
17.8 17.4 16.8 18.4 1.6
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small & 7.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 0.0
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Office Of Congressional 36.8 44.1 49.8 49.8 0.0
and Legislative Affairs
Office of Communication 50.5 56.5 63.5 63.5 0.0
and Public Affairs
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 221.3 248.4 263.6 283.6 20.0
11-15
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations and State/Local
Relations
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of Civil Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small &
Disadvantaged Business
Utilization
Office Of Congressional
and Legislative Affairs
Office of Communication
and Public Affairs
TOTAL UOR
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,700,800 supported by 283.6 total
workyears in 1991 all of which will be used for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,989,300 and 5.6 total workyears
from 1990.
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,884,500 and 43.8 total workyears for this
program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $446,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $972,100 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and an increase of 1.0 total workyear from 1990. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The decrease in the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation is the result of a 1990 increase
for the "Krakow Initiative". The resource increase will allow the Judicial
Officer function to accommodate the expanding number of requests sent to them
for final decision. Since 1983, this function has seen its caseload increase
by 400%. The Office will continue its responsibility for Agency policy and
direction, and for setting environmental goals.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,410,000 supported by 42.8
total workyears for this program, of which $2,437,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $972,100 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. The major priorities in the Immediate Office are:
increased emphasis on enforcement and compliance efforts of both environmental
and civil rights regulations, continued delegations to State and local
governments, on-going support of enhanced science as a basis for decision-making,
and use of improved methodologies for managing risk.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,527,200 supported by 38.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major focus of activity was enforcement and compliance
efforts to ensure better internal management and to meet the increased number
of cases sent to the Judicial Officer function for final decision.
11-17
-------
OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS AND STATE/LOCAL RELATIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,349,300 supported by 20.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $262,700 and no change in total workyears from
1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and
support costs. The Office will continue to ensure that the Administrator's
policies are effectively communicated to the Regional Administrators; that the
Administrator is alerted to potential Regional problems and concerns; that the
Administrator is assisted in managing significant Regional issues, and that the
basic management needs of the Environmental Services Divisions are addressed.
The Office will also continue its implementation of leadership and guidance
activities to support community relations efforts throughout the Agency, to
maintain Agency liaison with state and local officials while increasing
activities to enhance technology transfer capabilities and ensure emphasis on
Federalism.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,086,600 and 20.6 total
workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office provides a key communications link between the Administrator and the ten
Regional offices, plays an active part in Regional budget issues, implements
Agency guidance in community relations activities to provide maximum appropriate
local involvement in EPA's decisions, and provides guidance for and oversight
of the ten Environmental Services Divisions.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $943.1 and 13.7 total workyears
for .this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office ensured that the Administrator's policies were effectively
communicated to the Regional Administrators, that the Regions were included in
the policy-making and decision-making processes, and that the Administrator was
kept informed of Regional concerns and issues. The Office also initiated regular
dialogue on environmental issues with local government organizations. In
addition, the Office carried out its responsibility as the Headquarters focal
point for the Agency's Environmental Services Divisions.
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,701,900 supported by 30.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $304,400 and 1.6 total workyears from 1990. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
The additional resources will be used for the Freedom of Information (FOI)
function due to the ever increasing volume of FOIA requests. The number of FOIA
requests received has increased by over 360% over the last five years.
Responsibilities include routing, logging, and tracking FOIA requests, and a more
active role as the Agency-wide FOI Coordinator with responsibilities including
11-18
-------
FOI policy development, oversight, and monitoring compliance of FOI Act and
Regulations, developing and coordinating Agency FOI policies, and providing
guidance and training for the Agency FOI staff. The Office will also continue
developing resource determinations in support of various staff office functions
including ongoing personnel, financial, budget, and administrative management
functions; Staff Office automation support, and processing and monitoring
Congressional and executive correspondence.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,397,500 and 28.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office is responsible for monitoring resource expenditures,
developing the out-year budget for the staff offices, providing centralized
personnel management support services, and providing assistance to staff offices
with recruitment, staffing, and property control. The Office continues to
prepare a yearly report to Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the public
of administering the Freedom of Information Act, to provide policy and program
oversight on the Freedom of Information Act, and to manage and track executive
and Congressional correspondence.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,132,700 and 25.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Off ice completed monthly financial and operating plan reports, developed the
out-year budget for the staff offices, and conducted workload analyses for
Regional Management. The Office also provided assistance and staffing plan
development, program management services, and resource and computer planning
studies for the Administrator's staff offices. In addition, the Office logged,
controlled and monitored all Freedom of Information requests, Congressional
correspondence, and correspondence addressed to the Administrator and the Deputy
Administrator.
ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,000 for this program, all of which is for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,000
from 1990. This increase will provide the Administrator the resources necessary
to meet the expanding requirements for official receptions and meetings for
visiting dignitaries.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,000 to this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are to
cover the expenses of official receptions and other functions.
11-19
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,100 for this function from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This amount covered the expenses of
official receptions and other functions.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,649,900 supported by 24.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $236,300 and 1.0 total workyear from 1990. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
The additional resources will be used for the External Compliance Program to
monitor Title VI compliance for approximately 4.3 billion dollars in Federal
grants. That monitoring responsibility involves educating those involved about
their rights and responsibilities as well as developing effective and regular
review processes. The Office of Civil Rights will also continue to provide
technical guidance and direction to the Agency's civil rights efforts; provide
policy guidance and implementation of the discrimination complaints processing
system; increase policy monitoring and support for Regional Civil Rights Offices,
as well as for Headquarters Office of Civil Rights; provide continuous monitoring
of affirmative action plan implementation; expand and improve the Equal
Employment Opportunity (EEO) counseling program to resolve complaints through
informal conciliation; strengthen and improve the special emphasis programs by
conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency
managers; increase quantity and quality of EEO reviews and studies; and improve
the implementation of the Agency regulations regarding non-discrimination in
Federally assisted programs.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $1,413,600 and 23.8 total workyears for
this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These
resources will enable the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) to continue to provide
technical guidance and direction for the Agency's Civil Rights efforts. The
Office is strengthening and improving the special emphasis programs by conducting
seminars and workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency managers, and
is continuing to conduct EEO reviews and studies and provide management support
and quality control through on-site program evaluations. OCR continues to
implement the Agency's regulations regarding non-discrimination in Federally-
assisted programs. We will work to reduce processing time for discrimination
complaints and will provide increased management support and quality control
through on-site evaluations.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,518,100 supported by 24.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of Civil Rights carried out national equal employment opportunity
monitoring and enforcement programs; managed the Agency's affirmative action
program, special emphasis programs and the discrimination complaints program;
11-20
-------
implemented regulations and programs requiring EPA grant recipients to adhere
to the civil rights laws and labor standards requirements of applicable Federal
statutes; and served as the Agency's focal point for the Historically Black
Colleges and Universities program. Specifically, the Office evaluated activities
required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal opportunity
and to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA; ensured implementation of
the Agency's Special Emphasis Programs (Federal Women's, Hispanic Employment and
Black Employment Programs); implemented and monitored the Agency's Affirmative
Action Plans to remedy under representation in the workforce; and assured
compliance by Agency grantees and contractors with provisions of civil rights
laws and labor standards requirements of applicable Federal statutes.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,735,800 supported by 25.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $263,800 and 1.0 total workyear from 1990. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
In 1991, approximately 81 regulatory issues will be identified for the Science
Advisory Board (SAB) to examine, an increase of 20 reviews from 1990.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,472,000 supported by 24.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation; The Science Advisory Board is providing expert, independent
advice to the Administrator and the Agency on 61 scientific and technical issues
before the Agency.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,540,600 supported by 21.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The SAB conducted 59 reviews in 1989. Included among these reviews were issues
relating to hazardous air pollutants, toxic substances, drinking water, municipal
waste combustion, and radon.
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (ALJ)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,281,000 supported by 18.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $182,800 and 1.0 workyear from 1990. The
increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs.
The additional resources will be used to support the ALJ's expanding caseload
including 600 new Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) cases related to the
Asbestos Hazardous Emergency Response Act. EPA's Office of Enforcement
anticipates a high rate of enforcement actions in 1991 as a result of
noncompliance by school districts of the asbestos regulations.
11-21
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,098,200 supported by 17.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The ALJ expects to receive approximately 1060 cases from EPA
Regional offices in 1990. Of this total, approximately 200 cases are expected
to be under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 550 cases under
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and 145 cases under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In addition, this Office
will handle approximately 165 cases originating at Headquarters, including
suspensions; cancellations; Sec. 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and Clean Air Act cases.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $994,700 and 17.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This Office maintained a docket of 980 cases. Of these cases, 185 were under
RCRA; 525 were under TSCA; and 140 cases were under FIFRA.
OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $638,700 supported by 6.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $154,700 and no change in total
workyears from 1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The Office will continue to provide technical
assistance to both Headquarters and Regional program office personnel to ensure
that small, minority and/or women's businesses are receiving a "fair share" of
procurement dollars under EPA's Financial Assistance Program. In addition, the
ombudsman will respond to approximately 8,000 inquiries from small firms on
regulatory matters and will provide advice on the many new regulations that will
bring about the desired level of voluntary compliance to several thousand small
businesses.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $484,000 supported by 6.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1990 we are stressing the handling of additional "Hotline" calls, implementing
a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating business regulatory outreach
demonstration projects, and promoting Minority Business Enterprise and Women's
Business Enterprise participation in the Agency's financial assistance programs
to comply with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office will monitor and
provide advice on the many new regulations that will bring about the
desired level of voluntary compliance by several thousand small businesses.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $609,200 supported by 7.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
11-22
-------
appropriation. The Office coordinated activities with EPA's procurement and
financial assistance programs by providing training and technical assistance;
provided assistance toward increasing the level of Minority Business Enterprise/
Women's Business Enterprise (MBE/WBE) participation in EPA-assisted programs;
provided technical and managerial assistance to Headquarters and Regional staff
assigned to socio-economic program activities, and counseled minority and women's
businesses in compliance with Executive Order 12432.
OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,661,100 supported by 49.8 total workyears
for 1991, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $452,400 and no change in total workyears from 1990.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. The budget request will enable the Office to provide effective day-to-
day liaison with the Congress and will ensure that increasing member and
committee requests are handled in a timely manner. The Office will ensure that
testimony, draft legislation, and analyses and reports on pending and proposed
legislation will be developed and provided to OMB and the Congress in a timely
fashion and consistent with Agency and Administration policies.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,208,700 supported by 49.8
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office will continue to provide effective day-to-day liaison
with Congress as it examines legislation relating to environmental issues, and
will prepare agency reports and recommendations on pending and enacted
legislation including draft legislative proposals extending the appropriations
required for EPA's major statutory authorities.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,199,500 supported by 42.6 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all day-
to-day Congressional contacts, including more than 250 briefings of members
and/or staff, involvement in approximately 130 hearings, coordination of numerous
meetings, courtesy calls, specific Committee investigative information requests
and casework generated by Congress. The Office also developed testimony and
related material for 109 legislative hearings, reviewed and responded to 145
bills referred to the Agency from OMB and Congressional committees, 120 draft
legislative reports proposed by other agencies, and 172 statements or testimony
of other agencies.
11-23
-------
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,792,600 supported by 63.5 total workyears
for 1991, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $684,600 and no change in total workyears from 1990.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support
costs. In 1991, the Office of Communications and Public Affairs will continue
to inform, educate, and involve the public on the issues before the Agency and
to promote understanding of the Agency's mission and the Administrator's goals
and objectives.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,108,000 supported by 63.5
total workyears for this Office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In addition to working with the news media and providing
informational materials for the general public, the Office is emphasizing: (1)
improving coordination within the Agency of communication activities related to
major Agency actions, and (2) strengthening long-range planning of public
information activities in coordination with major EPA program offices and the
Regional offices.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,526,600 supported by 55.9 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In addition to the general activities of informing the news media
and providing information material to the public, the Office focused on Agency
priority issues of concern to the public and provided communications support
for major EPA initiatives.
11-24
-------
Office of Inspector
General
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Office of Inspector General 11-25
Office of Inspector General 11-26
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Inspector General
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of Inspector
General
Salaries & Expenses $15,885.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Office of Inspector 0.0 $21,085.4 $20,845.4 $22.585.8 $1.740.4
General
TOTAL $15,885.8 $21,085.4 $20,845.4 $22,585.8 $1,740.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $15,885.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Office of Inspector 0.0 $21,085.4 $20,845.4 $22,585.8 $1,740.4
General
TOTAL $15,885.8 $21,085.4 $20,845.4 $22,585.8 $1,740.4
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office of Inspector 219.1 242.8 242.8 262.1 19.3
General
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 219.1 242.8 242.8 262.1 19.3
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Office of Inspector 221.1 242.8 242.8 262.1 19.3
Genera I
TOTAL UORKYEARS 221.1 242.8 242.8 262.1 19.3
11-25
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Inspector General
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,585,800 supported by 262.1 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $1,740,400 and 19.3 total workyears from 1990.
All of this request will be for the Inspector General appropriation. This does
not include an additional $3,230,000 in support costs for the entire Office of
Inspector General appropriation that are displayed in the Office of
Administration and Resource Management support accounts.
Program Description
This office is responsible for conducting, supervising, and coordinating
audits and investigations relating to EPA programs and operations; promoting
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of EPA programs;
preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in EPA programs and operations; keeping
the Administrator and Congress advised of problem areas and related corrective
action; and reviewing EPA regulations and legislation.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,585,800 supported by 262.1 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Management portion of the Office of
Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,740,400 and
19.3 total workyears from 1990. We will use these resources to (1) provide
effective management of the contract audit program, including development and
maintenance of in-house contract audit expertise, and conduct needed audits of
highly sensitive contract issues; (2) continue conducting audits to close out
construction grants;(3) expand the OIG's capability to conduct audits of the
Agency's growing and complex, yet vulnerable computer systems, used -to make
critical environmental decisions; (4) obtain severely needed ADP and law
enforcement equipment, (5) increase investigative efforts to reduce the risk of
fraud and abuse in Agency procurement, construction grant, and other programs;
and (6) support the Agency personnel security program and new legislative
requirements of the Inspector General Act Amendments.
The resources requested will be used by the Office of Inspector General
(OIG) to continue conducting performance (internal and management) audits to
improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of EPA programs and to provide
and expand audit coverage to EPA programs and operations for ensuring that
maximum pollution prevention is achieved with existing Agency program resources.
The OIG will emphasize reviewing programs aimed at achieving environmental
results and strong enforcement of environmental laws with an emphasis on (1)
indoor and ambient air quality, (2) pesticides and toxics substances, (3)
hazardous waste disposal, (4) wetlands, and (5) water quality (surface,
11-26
-------
groundwater, and drinking water). The OIG will continue its program of external
audits of grants and contracts which have historically recovered over $23 in
costs for each audit dollar spent and conduct audits of the State Revolving
Funds.
The OIG will also increase high-impact investigations of antitrust
activities and other construction-related fraud and will aggressively pursue new
initiatives, including the use of substandard materials by architectural and
engineering firms and conspiracies to defraud by contract laboratories. By
focusing our fraud efforts in vulnerable areas and by taking more proactive
initiatives, the OIG expects to obtain greater results, including more
indictments, convictions, and monetary recoveries. The OIG will continue its
efforts in fraud prevention by publicizing OIG activities to EPA employees,
identifying areas sensitive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection tools
and methods.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $20,845,400 supported by 242.8
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expense appropriation.
The OIG is continuing to perform performance based audits needed to help improve
the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the Agency's overall program
operations. Primary emphasis is on reviewing programs or areas in which
insufficient audit resources have been devoted. For example, this would include
reviewing programs aimed at achieving environmental results and ensuring strong
enforcement including air and water quality, hazardous waste disposal, pesticides
and toxics, and asbestos grants and loans. Such reviews assist Agency managers
to identify and correct major systemic problems which in turn strengthen
environmental programs. These reviews help the Agency meet its mission while
ensuring that limited resources are used more efficiently and effectively.
The OIG investigative resources are devoted to conducting criminal
investigations relating to EPA programs and operations. Major investigations
cover bid rigging and other fraud in EPA-funded construction activities;
procurement fraud; false claims; fraud and misconduct concerning EPA employees;
and administrative investigations of improprieties involving EPA programs and
personnel. New initiatives have been aggressively started to identify fraud in
the contract laboratory program and use of substandard materials in construction
projects. Efforts are continuing to encourage the use of the OIG hotline to
uncover instances of suspected fraud, waste, and mismanagement. Under the fraud
prevention program, the OIG is providing technical and audit assistance to the
Agency assessing the adequacy of internal controls as required by the Federal
Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $15,885,800 supported by 221.1
total workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of Inspector General issued 1,920 audit reports with questioned costs
and recommended efficiencies of $610,200,000. Overall, $106,400,000 of costs
questioned and recommended efficiencies were sustained by Agency management.
During the year, the Agency obtained $30,000,000 of actual cash recoveries as
a result of audit efforts. An expanded performance audit program was implemented
and about 25 percent of the OIG audit resources were devoted to examining many
11-27
-------
critical areas needing audit. Performance audits provided recommendations for
improving the effectiveness, efficiency, and results of EPA program operations.
Investigative activities focusing on major civil and criminal violations have
resulted in the recovery of $5,433,251 in judgments, fines and restitution.
Key improvements resulting from OIG audits included: (1) strengthening
inspections and enforcement of hazardous air pollutants standards for asbestos;
(2) strengthening of controls over the permitting of hazardous waste sites; (3)
developing and enacting an enforcement strategy over the export and import of
hazardous wastes, and (4) initiating aggressive action plan to identify and
enforce closing of hazardous waste sites. The OIG opened 262 new investigations
and closed 274 investigations, obtaining 74 indictments or convictions.
Significant results were achieved in investigations of hazardous waste cleanup
fraud, and bribery in the inspection of asbestos removal, false statements in
the construction grant, contract services, and other programs, and the submission
of fraudulent documentation involving emissions testing of foreign vehicles.
The OIG also initiated a fraud prevention and detection awareness program for
EPA managers to encourage and improve their recognition and reporting of possible
fraud and abuse.
11-28
-------
Office of
General Counsel
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Office of General Counsel 11-29
General Counsel 11-30
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the General Counsel
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office Of General
Counsel
Salaries & Expenses $7,416.7 $7,529.6 $7,636.7 $10,197.0 $2,560.3
TOTAL $7,416.7 $7,529.6 $7,636.7 $10,197.0 $2,560.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $7,416.7 $7,529.6 $7,636.7 $10,197.0 $2,560.3
Office Of General
Counsel TOTAL $7,416.7 $7,529.6 $7,636.7 $10,197.0 $2,560.3
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office Of General 110.6 126.7 130.6 145.6 15.0
Counsel
TOTAL PERMANEMENT WORKYEARS 110.6 126.7 130.6 145.6 15.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office Of General 121.1 126.7 130.6 145.6 15.0
Counsel
TOTAL UORKYEARS 121.1 126.7 130.6 145.6 15.0
11-29
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of General Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,197,100 supported by 145.6 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $2,560,300 from 1990. All of the requested
funds will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of 15 total workyears from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
no change in total workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,197,100 supported by 145.6 workyears
for this program. All of the requested funds will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. Total workyears will include 144.6 from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and 1.0 will be from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. This represents an increase of $2,560,300 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, an increase of 15.0 total workyears from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in total Reregistration
and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund workyears from 1990. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses will provide for additional attorney staff and for
increased costs of office support and personnel.
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and counsel
to Agency management and media program offices concerning legal interpretation
of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, regulations and
administrative areas a such as personnel, grants, contracts, and access by the
public to EPA held information. The OGC will handle litigation in which EPA is
a defendant. Legal support and review will be provided for all major regulatory
actions, policy documents and guidelines to insure that legal error is avoided.
OGC's requested increase of 15.0 total workyears will be devoted to a broad
range of areas including support to the Clean Air Act; Clean Water Act; Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act; support to the Inspector General's Office; legal
support on American Indian and international matters, and to the Agency's
procurement program. This increase will build additional capacity within the
OGC to fulfill its mission of providing legal services to all organizational
elements of the Agency for all Agency programs and activities. OGC will be
better able, as legal advisor, to assist in the formulation and administration
of the Agency's policies and programs. Six total workyears will be devoted from
the increase to the implementation of anticipated major amendments to the Clean
Air Act, particularly for ozone and carbon monoxide attainment, mobile source
rulemakings, hazardous air pollutants, permit issues, and acid deposition
controls.
11-30
-------
OGC will support reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments, particularly to Phase IV and Phase V of the reregistration process
to support the Agency in any litigation against it and to assist in making
precedential legal and policy decisions on the first pesticides that go through
the process.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,636,700 supported by 130.6
total workyears for this program. All funds are from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears include 129.6 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 1.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. The 1990 program provides continued support to Agency program priorities
through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive litigation, review of
Agency rulemaking actions, and participating in selected administrative
proceedings.
OGC will support reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments through assistance to the establishment of the basic regulatory
framework for reregistration, and handling litigation which may result from new
requirements such as health and environmental testing under Part 158 and Data
Call-In requests that will be enforced by suspension orders.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $7,416,700 supported by 121.1
total workyears. All funds were from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Total workyears included 120.8 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
0.3 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. In 1989,
the OGC supported priorities by providing legal advice and support to Agency
managers and by defending the Agency in litigation filed against it. OGC also
reviewed regulatory actions to ensure legal defensibility and provided advice
on other actions, such as grants, contracts, and personnel matters.
OGC supported reregistration activities related to the 1988 FIFRA
Amendments by assisting in developing the broad structure of the reregistration
program, including the initial fee collection system, the data requirements, and
the lists of active ingredients for reregistration.
11-31
-------
Office of
International
Activities
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Office of International Activities 11-32
Office of International Activities 11-33
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of International Activities
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of International
Activities
Salaries .& Expenses $1,732.6 $1,966.9 $4,160.5 $3,814.5 -$346.0
Abatement Control and $245.6 $814.1 $1,313.8 $949.9 -$363.9
Compliance
TOTAL $1,978.2 $2,781.0 $5,474.3 $4,764.4 -$709.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $1,732.6 $1,966.9 $4,160.5 $3,814.5 -$346.0
Abatement Control and $245.6 $814.1 $1,313.8 $949.9 -$363.9
Compliance
Office of Internaional
Activities TOTAL $1,978.2 $2,781.0 $5,474.3 $4,764.4 -$709.9
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office of International 23.5 32.0 50.6 52.0 1.4
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 23.5 32.0 50.6 52.0 1.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of International 26.6 32.0 53.0 52.0 -1.0
Activities
TOTAL WORKYEARS 26.6 32.0 53.0 52.0 -1.0
11-32
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of International Activities
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,764,400 supported by 52.0 total workyears
for 1991. This represents a decrease of $709,700 and a decrease of 1.0 total
workyears from 1990. Of this request, $3,814,500 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $949,900 will be for the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation. This represents a decrease of $346,000 in the Salaries
and Expenses and a decrease of $363,900 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,764,400 supported by 52.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,814,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $949,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $346,000 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $363,900 in the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation and a decrease of 1.0 total workyears. The decrease
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects productivity improvements;
the decrease in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation reflects a
shift in emphasis from contracting to policy analysis; and the decrease in
workyears reflects a transfer to support an increased legal workload.
The Office of International Activities will develop the Agency's
international strategy by managing, evaluating and strengthening bilateral
agreements with Canada on acid rain, hazardous waste and Great Lakes water
quality; with Mexico on Mexico City air pollution; and with the USSR on global
warming. OIA's activities with Eastern Europe will focus on implementing the
President's East European Environmental initiative, with particular emphasis on
overseeing the newly established environmental center in Budapest and with
expanded cooperative environmental activities in Poland (Krakow), Czechoslovakia
and Yugoslavia. In 1991, the Office's activities will also focus on active and
close participation with multilateral lending institutions on environmental
issues; with the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on the development of
environmental resolutions and the planning of the UN 1992 Conference on
Environment and Development; and with the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP) on ozone shield protection and global climate change. In addition, the
Office will play a leadership role in implementing the recommendations of the
International Environmental Technology Transfer Advisory Board (IETTAB),
established at the request of the President to identify the needs and evaluate
the barriers to the transfer of technology to developing countries and what were
recently centrally planned economic-.
11-33
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,474,300 supported by 53.0
total workyears for this program, of which $4,160,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,313,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. The newly elevated and expanded Office is positioned
to keep pace with heightened priorities in the international environmental arena.
It is providing an added dimension to the management of U.S. environmental
interests through a major evaluation of bilateral programs, through active
participation in multilateral fora such as the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development, the World Bank and UNEP, and through direct impact
on the deliberations of the newly established International Environmental
Technology Transfer Advisory Board. In addition, the Office will manage the 12th
US-USSR Joint Committee Meeting and the Economic Commission for Europe's (ECE)
Workshop on the "Economics of Sustainable Development".
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,978,200 and 26.6 total workyears for this
program, of which $1,732,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $245,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Border air and water pollution problems continued to dominate the agenda of the
Office, focussing on Mexico and Canada. 1989 also saw the first stirrings of
the President's East European Environmental Initiative. In addition, hazardous
waste issues continued to play a role.
11-34
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Office of Federal Activities . 11-35
Office of Federal Activities 11-36
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Federal Activities
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of Federal
Activities
Salaries & Expenses $2,107.1 $2,164.9 $2,266.9 $2,457.6 $190.7
TOTAL $2,107.1 $2,164.9 $2,266.9 $2,457.6 $190.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $2,107.1 $2,164.9 $2,266.9 $2,457.6 $190.7
Office of Federal
Activities TOTAL $2,107.1 $2,164.9 $2,266.9 $2,457.6 $190.7
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
Office of Federal 30.6 33.9 35.2 35.2 0.0
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 30.6 33.9 35.2 35.2 0.0
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Office of Federal 33.7 33.9 35.2 35.2 0.0
Activities
TOTAL UORKYEARS 33.7 33.9 35.2 35.2 0.0
11-35
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Federal Activities
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,457,600 supported by 35.2 total workyears
for 1991. The entire request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $190,700 and no change in total workyears from
1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is provided for general
administrative expenses.
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,457,600 and 35.2 total workyears for this
program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $190,700 and no change in total workyears. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation will provide additional
resources to conduct environmental reviews of projects funded by multilateral
development banks. In addition, these resources will assist the development of
environmental impact assessment procedures by international organizations and
other countries.
In 1991, the Office of Federal Activities will: review major Federal
actions significantly affecting the environment, required by Section 309 of the
Clean Air Act and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); identify potential
problems and work to ensure incorporation of needed environmental improvements
in these reviews; work with other Federal agencies to assure that their
facilities comply with environmental regulations and standards; strengthen the
Pollution Abatement Project Review Process; work to ensure that EPA programs and
activities comply with environmental review requirements (including NEPA) and
related environmental laws; develop policy and coordinate EPA programs for
assisting Indian tribes in developing environmental programs; oversee
environmental policy MOUs with other Federal agencies; manage the official filing
activity for all Federal Environmental Impact Statements in accordance with an
MOA with the Council of Environmental Quality; and assist in EPA participation
in the international development of environmental impact assessment procedures.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,266,900 and 35.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Office of Federal Activities will continue to: promote improved
compliance by Federal facilities with environmental regulations, particularly
those governing handling and disposal of hazardous and toxic wastes; assure that
proposed major Federal projects are designed to prevent significant environmental
impacts; ensure that EPA programs operate in conformance with NEPA and related
environmental laws and executive policy; assist in development of environmental
impact assessment procedures by international organizations and other countries;
11-36
-------
coordinate implementation of the Agency's Indian Policy; and strengthen overall
communication and liaison with other Federal agencies.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,107,100 and 33.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office focused its activity on: ensuring that EPA programs
operate in confonnance with NEPA and other cross-cutting Federal environmental
statutes; directing activities related to compliance of Federal installations
with environmental regulations; reviewing other Federal actions for potential
environmental impact; analyzing EPA policies associated with other Federal
agencies; overseeing the implementation of EPA Indian Policy; providing limited
support for international environmental impact activities; and operating the
Federal EIS filing effort.
11-37
-------
Office of Policy,
Planning and
Evaluation
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-38
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation 11-40
Integrated Environmental Management Program . . . 11-41
Office of Policy Analysis 11-42
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation 11-44
Office of Pollution Prevention 11-46
Pollution Prevention Program (Grants) 11-48
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Salaries & Expenses
$913.7 $879.9 $884.6 $1,157.7 $273.1
TOTAL $913.7 $879.9 $884.6 $1,157.7 $273.1
$2,748.6 $2,805.2 $2,746.8 -$2,746.8
TOTAL $2,748.6 $2,805.2 $2,746.8 -$2,746.8
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$8,001.0 $9,315.2 $8,872.9 $10,600.3 $1,727.4
$8,936.7 $10,522.8 $10,377.6 $6,924.1 -$3,453.5
TOTAL $16,937.7 $19,838.0 $19,250.5 $17,524.4 -$1,726.1
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,215.7 $5,407.9 $5,334.9 $7,507.7 $2.172.8
$515.0 $515.0
TOTAL $5,215.7 $5,407.9 $5,334.9 $8,022.7 $2,687.8
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,788.3 $2,978.0 $3,096.6 $6,445.0 $3,348.4
$1,500.0 $1,500.0
TOTAL $2,788.3 $2,978.0 $3,096.6 $7,945.0 $4,848.4
Pollution Prevention
Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$808.8 $1,101.4 $1,110.8 -$1,110.8
$2,056.9 $8,306.9 $8,200.8 $3,000.0 -$5,200.8
TOTAL $2,865.7 $9,408.3 $9,311.6 $3,000.0 -$6,311.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Office of Policy,
Planning, & Evaluation
TOTAL $20,476.1 $22,487.6 $22,046.6 $25,710.7 $3,664.1
TOTAL $10,993.6 $18,829.7 $18,578.4 $11,939.1 -$6,639.3
TOTAL $31,469.7 $41,317.3 $40,625.0 $37,649.8 -$2,975.2
11-38
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL ENACTED
1989 1990
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Pollution Prevention
Program
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
12.0 14.8 13.9 17.0
3.1
12.6 18.9 16.0
8.3 18.7 9.7
0.0 -16.0
55.1 67.3 55.8 93.2
59.5 64.5 63.0 74.4
45.3 51.9 52.0 72.2
0.0
192.8 236.1 210.4 256.8
37.4
11.4
20.2
-9.7
46.4
TOTAL WORICYEARS
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
13.7 14.8 14.8 17.0
2.2
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Regulatory
Management and
Evaluation
Office of Pollution
Prevention
Pollution Prevention
Program
TOTAL WORICYEARS
17.3 18.9 18.9
0.0 -18.9
60.0 67.3 61.1 93.2
63.6 64.5 64.5 74.4
48.4 51.9 53.4 72.2
8.8 18.7 9.7
0.0
211.8 236.1 222.4 256.8
32.1
9.9
18.8
-9.7
34.4
11-39
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $37,649,800 supported by 256.8 total
workyears for 1991, a decrease of $2,974,900 and an increase of 34.4 total
workyears from 1990. ' Of the request $25,710,700 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $11,939,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of $3,664,100 in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and a decrease of $6,639,000 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,157,700 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $273,100 and an increase of 2.2
total workyears from 1990. The increase results from an Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) reorganization and the one-time reductions in 1990
associated with the sequestration and Section 517.
This request will provide the Assistant Administrator (AA) with sufficient
staff and resources for the policy direction, special analyses, human resources
initiatives, and budgetary and administrative support necessary to manage OPPE
and its component offices efficiently and effectively. It will allow the AA to
respond to inquiries from Congress and the Office of Management and Budget as
well as from the Regions, State, local governments, and the public on OPPE
issues. It also will enable the Agency to prepare appropriate responses to
General Accounting Office evaluations of EPA programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $884,600 supported by 14.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This program is providing overall policy direction and conducting
activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $913,700 supported by 13.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These funds supported the basic budgetary, administrative,
analytic, and planning activities necessary to manage OPPE.
11-40
-------
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (IEMP)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests no dollars and no workyears for this program. This
represents a decrease of $2,746,800 and a decrease of 18.9 total workyears from
1990. The decrease reflects an OPPE reorganization which moves the IEMP
geographic integration function to the Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP) and
the science policy function to the Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation
(ORME) .
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,746,800 supported by 18.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
IEMP is disseminating the knowledge and experience from a limited number
of completed state/Regional demonstration projects designed as models for
transferring multi-media, risk-based environmental management methods to the
states, Regions, and Indian tribes. Specific products include: state/Regional
use of risk-based tools and integrated environmental management processes to set
environmental action plans based on those priorities, and institutionalization
of a negotiation process between state, Regional and national program managers
which appropriately reflects an efficient balance of Federal/local partnership
to address environmental issues and provide the basis for measuring the value
of pollution control action.
IEMP also is concentrating on improving the links between scientific
research and information needed for policy-making. It is sponsoring projects
which expand risk analysis to account for ecological effects. The program works
with other Agency offices to develop more realistic exposure data and exposure
assumptions, and supports future regulatory activities such as management of
contaminated sediments in near coastal waters and identification and assessment
of the ecological impacts at Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) waste
sites. Finally, it works with program offices to develop better methods for
evaluating the wide range of human health effects associated with subchronic
exposures to pollution.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,748,600 supported by 17.3
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
IEMP completed a limited number of state and Regional demonstration
projects designed as models for transferring multi-media, risk-based
environmental management methods to the states and Regions. Non-participating
states and Regions received some technical assistance. IEMP helped states and
Regions to use risk analysis techniques and helped to improve the link between
scientific research and policy-making. Projects included development of weight-
of-evidence classification and potency estimation procedures for non-cancer
effects; creation of classification schemes for addressing scientific uncertainty
in cross-aedia comparative risk analysis; evaluation of available methods to
11-41
-------
assess ecological risks and damages of toxic pollutants; and identification of
biological parameters that can be used to define and project the effectiveness
of EPA regulatory programs.
OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS (OPA)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,524,400 supported by 93.2 workyears
for this program, of which $10,600,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,924,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,727,400 and a decrease of
$3,453,300, respectively and an increase of 32.1 total workyears from 1990.
The increases in Salaries and Expenses result from expanded efforts in global
climate change, Clean Air Act implementation, and RCRA reauthorization studies
as well as the one-time reductions in 1990 associated with the sequestration
and Section 517. Additionally, OPA receives the new responsibilities of
pesticides and toxic substances regulatory review and analysis, regulatory
innovations, and energy policy analysis due to an OPPE reorganization. Benefits
analysis and the economic research and risk communication programs move to ORME.
The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects the one-time cost
associated with the 1990 Congressional add-on for climate change policy analyses.
This level provides the necessary funding for climate activities.
OPA will use these resources to analyze EPA's highest priority regulatory
actions and non-regulatory initiatives, focussing particularly on issues
identified as posing high risks to health, environment and public welfare. OPA
coordinates the Agency's activities on global climate change and directs its
policy program, working closely with the Offices of Research and Development
(ORD), Air and Radiation (OAR), and International Activities (OIA). It will
concentrate on developing policy options for mitigating and adapting to climate
change. OPA will support impact analyses and adaptive strategies in the United
States, work with four international impacts studies, and assess domestic and
international energy, forestry, and agriculture options for limiting emissions.
The program also will support the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) process by preparing technical papers, conducting modeling analyses, and
organizing a series of workshops. This analytical support will increase as the
process of developing a climate convention continues in 1991-1992.
In the air media, OPA will focus on Clean Air Act implementation, with
special emphasis on air toxics, acid rain and nonattainment. OPA will under-
take a major effort to assist the Department of Energy in developing a National
Energy Strategy, examining the Administration's policies towards energy
conservation and corporate average fuel economy standards. The water media will
see OPA analyzing possible amendments to the Clean Water Act and assisting in
the analysis and implementation of the EPA Ground-water Strategy and water
conservation policies. OPA will develop and implement cooperative programs with
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other parts of the Department of Interior
aimed at protecting and restoring ecological values. OPA will work with the
Department of Agriculture (USDA) to develop implementation procedures for the
1990 Farm Bill, including Low Input Sustainable Agriculture practices and other
pollution prevention measures for agriculture. For RCRA reauthorization, OPA
will continue to provide input and analysis, playing a major role in industrial
11-42
-------
waste pollution prevention and economic incentives, comparative risks on Subtitle
D, and financial responsibility. OPA will provide policy analysis review of
pesticides usage, with a focus on quality and use of food residue data, cost risk
analyses of pesticides and risk substitutes, and implementation of the Pesticides
in Ground-water Strategy. In the toxic substances area, OPA will review
regulatory activities, monitor the new chemicals program, and analyze such cross-
media issues as lead.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,250,500 supported by 61.1
total workyears for this program, of which $8,872,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,377,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
With these resources, OPA is analyzing proposed Clean Air Act amendments,
implementation of the State Clean Water Strategy, the EPA Ground-water Strategy,
and oceans initiatives and coordination of water and hazardous waste policies,
RCRA reauthorization, Subtitle C, Subtitle D and corrective action programs.
OPA continues to perform economic analyses with emphasis on use of benefit/cost
evaluations in state water quality reports and on impacts of EPA regulations on
different sectors of the economy. The Economic Research Program is determining
economic damages to materials and waterbodies from acid precipitation, and the
economic value of ground-water protection. OPA is working to improve integration
of agricultural and environmental policies through review of the Food and Drug
Administration and USDA and Interior regulations and review of their agriculture
legislative proposals. OPA also is helping USDA implement aspects of the
Conservation Reserve Program. Work on risk assessment/management/communication
is focussing on training for EPA staff; technical assistance to program and
Regional offices; and support to the Risk Assessment Council, the Risk Assessment
Forum and the Center for Risk Management.
OPA has the lead responsibility for important aspects of an expanded Agency
global climate change program, working closely with Agency programs and
interagency groups. It is building on the reports to Congress, working
with and integrating other EPA activities, positioning the Agency to evaluate
all policy options, and providing stimulus to expand international understanding
and involvement in response to strategy issues. Primary activities involve data
gathering, analysis of reduction strategies, and conduct of policy analyses.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $16,937,700 supported by 60.0
total workyears for this program, of which $8,001,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,936,700 was from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
OPA analyzed EPA's highest priority regulatory actions and non-regulatory
initiatives, which included policy implications of the National Acid Precipit-
ation Program's final report, implementation issues for the chlorofluorocarbons
control and tropospheric ozone problems, integrated water quality-based targeting
strategy implementation, and cross-media impacts of solid wastes, hazardous
substances and industrial wastes under Subtitle D. Benefit/cost analyses
required under Executive Order 12291 continued in all program areas and the
11-43
-------
Economic Research Program helped to develop new analytical methods to improve
risk management. Work on risk assessment/management/communication focussed on
training for EPA staff and technical assistance to program and Regional offices
as well as support for the Center for Risk Management.
In the area of global climate change, OPA worked closely with ORD and OAR
to complete and follow up on two major reports to Congress: "Policy Options for
Stabilizing Climate" and the "Environmental Effects of Climate Change." OPA also
worked with other agencies and organizations on climate issues, representing EPA
in the Interagency National Climate Program and at conferences sponsored by the
World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environmental Programme.
It refined the analytical framework for analyzing stabilization, building
modeling systems for effects, and studying adaptive responses.
OFFICE OF REGULATORY MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION (ORME)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,022,700 supported by 74.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $7,507,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $515,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,172,800 and an increase of
$515,000 respectively, and an increase of 9.9 total workyears from 1990. The
increases in Salaries and Expenses and in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflect initiation of a new statistical program as well as the one-time re-
ductions in 1990 associated with the sequestration and Section 517. Additionally
ORME receives the new responsibilities of science policy integration, benefits
analysis, economic research, risk communication activities and program evaluation
due to an OPPE reorganization. The pesticides and toxic substances regulatory
review functions move to OPA and regulatory innovations staff are divided between
OPA and OPP.
ORME will manage the Agency's internal regulation review and analysis
process, provide quality control and clearance for all EPA reporting and
recordkeeping required of the public, and review regulatory and policy documents
for compliance with all applicable requirements. It will provide the regulation
development curriculum to program offices and Regions and will provide training/
support for workgroup chairmen. Promotion of negotiation as an alternative to
traditional rulemaking and faster use of consensus-building techniques in dispute
resolution will continue. Science policy staff will support Agency-wide efforts
to ensure quality and consistency in ecological and health risk assessments and
explore new areas for contributions to environmental protection such as
sustainable use of environmental resources, ecosystem valuation and the
development of ecological guidelines. Program evaluation staff will undertake
analytical studies to identify practical solutions to problems impeding effective
implementation of EPA programs in areas such as permitting, compliance monitoring
and environmental monitoring and will examine the effectiveness of Headquarters'
actions on Regional and state activities in selected programs. ORME will assist
program offices in the preparation of Regulatory Impact Analyses and conduct
special economic analysis on financing, economic incentives and sustainable
economic development. It also will manage the economic research and risk
communication programs. Work on risk communication will focus on training for
EPA staff and technical assistance to programs and Regional offices.
11-44
-------
1990 Program
See Office of Standards and Regulations.
1989 Accomplishments
See Office of Standards and Regulations.
OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS (OSR)
1991 Program Request
See the Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,334,900 supported by 64.5
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
OSR continues to administer the Agency's internal regulation review and
analysis process. It reviews regulatory and policy documents for compliance with
all applicable requirements and ensures Agency compliance with the amended
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). OSR is beginning development of a new statistical
program, identifying the statistical quality and credibility of accessible
environmental data for use in a proposed national compendium of environmental
statistics. Support for the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances emphasizes
policy development and oversight of EPA's biotechnology program and moves toward
resolution of indemnification issues and problems associated with disposal of
cancelled pesticides.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,215,700 supported by 63.6
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
OSR continued to administer and direct the Agency's internal regulation
review and analysis process and to ensure compliance with the PRA. OSR expanded
its regulation development course audience to include the Regions and additional
program offices. In preparing for the new statistical program, OSR identified
the major Federal data bases where environmental data are available. It assisted
enforcement offices in developing optional enforcement inspection strategies and
supported implementation of Data Quality Objectives. OSR promoted use of
consultation and consensual activities in issue resolution, decisionmaking and
negotiation. Regulatory innovation focussed on technical assistance to
Regions/states in identifying and controlling nonpoint sources of pollution and
in identification and promotion of integrated waste management alternatives to
reduce waste. Pesticides support emphasized assistance in meeting demands of
the 1988 amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
and analyses in the area of toxic substances concentrated on development of an
Agency policy in testing chemicals.
11-45
-------
OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION (OPP)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,945,000 and 72.2 total workyears for this
program, of which $6,445,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
arid $1,500,00 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $3,348,400 and an increase of $1,500,000
respectively and an increase of 18.8 total workyears from 1990. The increases
in Salaries and Expenses and in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflect
expanded efforts in pollution prevention and strategic planning as well as the
one-time reductions in 1990 associated with sequestration and Section 517.
Additionally, OPP receives the new responsibilities of geographic integration,
and regulatory innovations due to an OPPE reorganization. The program evaluation
function moves to ORME.
In 1991, OPP will continue to mobilize Federal leadership and manage the
Agency's pollution prevention program. Cross-media initiatives will target
application of pollution prevention approaches and incentives to industrial
toxics, nonpoint source problems, and energy and transportation-related
environmental issues. The Office will complete pollution prevention-based
studies of regulatory issues related to RCRA, the new Clean Air Act, and the
Clean Water Act, and will integrate the study findings into OPPE's regulatory
review functions. Demonstrations of pollution prevention applications in
enforcement and water permitting activities will be completed. Analyses and
implementation-oriented demonstration projects (e.g., education, labelling)
aimed at altering consumer behavior will produce findings and recommendations
transferrable to broader audiences. OPP will sponsor a state and local
conference to publicize the results of the state pollution prevention grants
program. Analysis of data from the Toxics Release Inventory and other Agency
databases will continue in order to identify future pollution prevention targets,
as well as to develop a future strategy for data collection and use for pollution
prevention. A national Pollution Prevention Awards program will acknowledge
state, community and industry leaders in this area.
OPP will continue to support the Agency's planning and performance
measurement management systems. In addition, OPP will expand the 4-year
strategic planning program to include cross-media service organizations (ORD,
OIA and the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring), cross-media
programs (e.g., global climate, pollution prevention), and Regional offices along
with the four media offices. OPP will develop an Agency-wide strategic plan and
complete a system for connecting planning priority decisions to budget
distribution. It will analyze environmental indicators contained in the
strategic plans and begin media-specific studies designed to develop stronger
indicators of true environmental benefit. The Office will provide support to
all ten Regions for comparative risk analyses and resulting Regional strategic
options development will continue, with plans which reflect Region-specific
exceptions to the national strategic plans produced. OPP will expand technical,
methodological and analytical assistance to states for strategic planning and
environmental indicator development, resulting in clear strategies to target the
worst environmental problems more effectively, apply pollution prevention
approaches more aggressively, and leverage the Federal/local partnership more
efficiently. Finally, the legislative planning staff will develop ideas for
improvements in the present statutory framework.
11-46
-------
1990 Program
See the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation.
1989 Accomplishments
See the Office of Management Systems and Evaluation.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION (OMSE)
1991 Program Request
See the Office of Pollution Prevention.
1990 Program Request
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,096,600 supported by 53.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Improvements in EPA's management systems are focusing on developing
strategies for EPA programs that define specific environmental goals that can
be tracked over time. In addition to work on selected programs' strategies, OMSE
is working with the hazardous waste, ground-water, nonpoint source, and pollution
prevention programs to define appropriate environmental indicators that
complement the programs' goals. The Office is focussing on improving EPA's
priority-setting process and linking budget decisions more closely with health
and environmental priorities by designing and managing a 4-year strategic
planning effort. Four national strategic plans for the media Offices of Water,
Air, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, and Solid Waste and Emergency Response and
three Regional risk management strategies are being finalized as part of this
process. The Office is completing a project involving three states in Region
X related to the vulnerability of ground-water to pesticides contamination.
Program evaluation projects include problem assessments and problem-solving
efforts in several EPA program areas, including municipal and other solid waste,
air toxics, ground-water contamination, and infectious waste, as well as reviews
of state/EPA interactions in selected programs. In addition, the legislative
planning staff is developing ideas for changes in the agency's statutory
framework. In particular, pollution prevention legislation and RCRA
reauthorization work is beginning.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $2,788,300 supported by 48.4 total workyears,
all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
OMSE managed the Agency's planning and management system and adapted it to
meet new management objectives. OMSE supported development of an Agencywide
strategy that articulated both management and environmental goals for each major
program and enabled the Administrator to track progress over time and evaluate
the effectiveness of the programs. OMSE demonstrated and promoted ways to use
existing environmental data for problem assessment, priority-setting, and program
evaluation at national, Regional and local levels and conducted a seminar on
11-47
-------
effective ways to manage for environmental results. OMSK also completed a
demonstration project in Oregon to test ways to improve the use of environmental
information in decisions concerning water resources. In addition, OMSE began
a project with three states in Region X to assess vulnerability of ground-water
to pesticides contamination. Evaluation projects included the development and
evaluation of inexpensive methods of motivating people to test their homes for
radon, an effort to define the roles of Headquarters and Regional offices in
implementing the.Pesticides in Ground-water Strategy, an examination of the
process by which Federal agencies report funding for pollution abatement and
clean-up projects, and an evaluation of a pilot test of differential oversight
in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program under the Clean
Water Act.
POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM (PPF) (GRANTS)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,000,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
a technical decrease of $1,110,800 in Salaries and Expenses, a decrease of
$5,200,800 in Abatement Control and Compliance, and a decrease of 9.7 total
workyears from 1990. The decreases in Salaries and Expenses and Abatement,
Control and Compliance reflect an OPPE reorganization in which personnel and
support costs for pollution prevention move to OPP, leaving the PPP budget
devoted solely to state grants. Abatement, Control and Compliance is further
reduced due to the one-time cost associated with the 1990 Congressional add-on
for pollution prevention state grants. This level provides the necessary funding
for this program.
In 1991, these resources will fund approximately 14 new state pollution
prevention demonstration programs. These demonstration programs will provide
innovative pollution prevention applications for specific industries, geographic
environments, or pollutants that are transferrable to states and localities.
Awards will be made on the basis of a competitive process to assure that dollars
are distributed to the most promising and most effective pollution prevention
efforts. Evaluations of these grants and a state conference intended to display
the results will be funded by OPP.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,311,600 supported by 9.7
total workyears for this program, of which $1,110,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,200,800 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
PPP continues to pursue the four goals identified and initiated in 1989,
but with a more focussed agenda. Agency products include availability of
information through a national clearinghouse and a hotline on technologies,
substitutions, and documentation of approaches that are known to be effective
for specific industries and facilities as well as recommendations on how to
create additional incentives for pollution prevention and how to eliminate
existing barriers. Support of state pollution prevention programs through the
distribution of multi-media grants continues. In addition, the program is
11-48
-------
evaluating existing state pollution prevention programs to be used by the states
and EPA as a future planning and priority-setting tool. The program also
continues to work on developing reliable indicators of waste reduction and
pollution prevention.
It is beginning to use data collected from the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act, section 313, and from other Agency data bases to identify
national trends and to target areas of opportunity.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $2,865,700 supported by 8.8 total workyears,
of which $808,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,056,900
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
PPP worked to meet four specific goals: (1) communicating to state and local
governments, industry, public interest groups, citizen groups, Congress, Federal
agencies and other appropriate organizations the need for and capability to
achieve pollution prevention and source reduction initiatives; (2) developing
a multi-media approach through regulatory review of incentives and disincentives
for pollution prevention and through creation of media-specific pollution pre-
vention plans; (3) encouraging state and local programs through distribution of
grant dollars to state programs to support state pollution prevention programs
and through creation of networks of technical experts available to local
governments; and (4) evaluating progress and targeting opportunities through
development of reliable indicators of pollution prevention and implementation
of a data collection strategy. Products of this first year's work included the
development of a series of media-specific pollution prevention strategies which
tied the four objectives together, the awarding through competitive processes
of grant dollars to 14 states and the distribution of projected funds for
innovative pollution prevention initiatives to be implemented in 1991 by EPA
Headquarters and Regional offices.
11-49
-------
Office of Administra-
tion and Resources
Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Office of Administration and Resources Management 11-50
Program Management-Administration , 11-52
Financial Management - Headquarters 11-53
Office of the Comptroller 11-54
Contracts and Grants Management - Headquarters ........ 11-55
Organization and Health Services 11-56
Facilities and Management Services 11-57
Information Systems and Services 11-58
Human Resources Management 11-59
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Administration
Salaries & Expenses $1,949.8 $1,472.1 $1,382.9 $1,577.1 $194.2
TOTAL $1,949.8 $1,472.1 $1,382.9 $1,577.1 $194.2
Financial Management
Headquarters
Salaries & Expenses $8,363.2 $7,502.4 $7,528.6 $9,454.7 $1,926.1
TOTAL $8,363.2 $7,502.4 $7,528.6 $9,454.7 $1,926.1
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries & Expenses $5,074.9 $6,104.7 $5,978.2 $7,133.3 $1,155.1
Abatement Control and $120.0 $455.7 $648.4 $2,349.4 $1,701.0
Compliance
TOTAL $5,194.9 $6,560.4 $6,626.6 $9,482.7 $2,856.1
Contracts and Grants
Management
Salaries & Expenses $11,224.4 $11,333.4 $11,886.9 $13,613.7 $1,726.8
TOTAL $11,224.4 $11,333.4 $11,886.9 $13,613.7 $1,726.8
Organization and Health
Services
Salaries & Expenses $2,440.5 $2,781.1 $2,747.5 $3,135.8 $388.3
TOTAL $2,440.5 $2,781.1 $2,747.5 $3,135.8 $388.3
Facilities & Management
Services
Salaries & Expenses $7,532.1 $7,861.5 $7,675.3 $8,335.4 $660.1
TOTAL $7,532.1 $7,861.5 $7,675.3 $8,335.4 $660.1
Information Systems &
Services
Salaries & Expenses $9,575.5 $9,800.3 $10,551.9 $11,727.4 $1,175.5
Abatement Control and $977.1 $865.2 $1,000.0 $134.8
Compliance
TOTAL $9,575.5 $10,777.4 $11,417.1 $12,727.4 $1,310.3
Office of Human
Resources Management
Salaries & Expenses $8,558.9 $9,117.2 $9,014.0 $9,375.5 $361.5
TOTAL $8,558.9 $9,117.2 $9,014.0 $9,375.5 $361.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses TOTAL $54,719.3 $55,972.7 $56,765.3 $64,352.9 $7,587.6
Abatement Control and
Compliance TOTAL $120.0 $1,432.8 $1,513.6 $3,349.4 $1,835.8
Office of Administration
and Resources
Management TOTAL $54,839.3 $57,405.5 $58,278.9 $67,702.3 $9,423.4
11-50
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resources Management
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptroller
Contracts and Grants
Management
Organization and Health
Servi ces
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptroller
Contracts and Grants
Management
Organization and Health
Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
TOTAL WORKYEARS
24.6
133.0
77.0
218.2
37.7
164.5
151.8
159.7
996.5
27.9
136.4
79.7
222.5
41.1
174.3
159.6
169.7
1.011.2
24.8
140.8
84.6
240.0
46.5
177.2
164.3
178.9
1,057.1
24.8
140.8
84.6
240.0
46.5
177.2
164.3
178.9
1,057.1
20.8 23.9
131.1 140.0
81.6 84.4
237.5 255.5
47.8 50.4
167.0 181.2
168.3 178.9
165.8 180.4
1.019.9 1,094.7
21.5 23.9
136.4 140.0
83.6 84.4
241.7 255.5
47.8 50.4
174.0 181.2
173.1 178.9
178.7 180.4
1,056.8 1,094.7
3.1
8.9
2.8
18.0
2.6
14.2
10.6
14.6
74.8
2.4
3.6
.8
13.8
2.6
7.2
5.8
1.7
37.9
11-51
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $67,702,300 supported by 1094.7 total
workyears for 1991, an increase of $9,423,400 and an increase of 37.9 total
workyears from 1990.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,577,100 supported by 23.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 21.9 from the Salaries and expenses
appropriation and 2.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. This represents an increase of $194,200 and .4 in total workyears in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of 2.0 total workyears in
the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. In 1991,
the office will continue to provide guidance and direction as well as program
and administrative support for OARM, direct and manage OARM's resources,
administer and report on OARM's portion of the Administrator's Action Tracking
System (ATS) and the Strategic Targeted Activities for Results System (STARS),
and conduct strategies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Agency.
This office will also coordinate and consolidate OARM's internal control
reporting, ensure compliance with the Freedom of Information Act and Agency
audit recommendations, and oversee OARM information management needs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,382,900 supported by 21.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are used for overall policy direction and
guidance to the Agency's management programs, budget development and execution,
review of organization and consolidation issues, internal control reporting,
Freedom of Information Act coordination, ATS and STARS reporting, and special
analyses on management issues.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989,the Agency obligated a total of $1,949,800 supported by 27.9 total
workyears for this program all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources were used to provide office-wide management and
policy direction, manage the development and execution of OARM's budget, provide
Action Tracking and Strategic Planning and Management reports, coordinate
internal control reporting and responses to Freedom of Information Act requests,
and conduct special analyses and projects on Agency-wide management issues.
11-52
-------
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,454,700 supported by 140.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 139.5 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and .5 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. This represents an increase of $1,926,100 and 4.0 in total workyears from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of .4 total workyears from
the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs and provides
for financial management initiatives due to increased audit activities. The
increase in workyears will provide for financial integrity activities. The
office's major priority for 1991 is to provide enhancements to the Integrated
Financial Management System to meet Agency reporting requirements and integrate
administrative systems in support of OMB Circular A-127. These enhancements will
require additional data analysis, module testing, policies and procedures,
contract management support, and training of Headquarters and Regional staff.
Other initiatives include: (1) Strengthening the financial integrity of basic
operations by supporting initiatives that improve the delivery of financial
services to clients and implement strong quality assurance for all functions and
locations; (2) Improving analytic and reporting capabilities by developing a
program directed at improving financial data analysis and enhancing reporting
capabilities; (3) Maintaining a long range strategic planning program to enable
the division to identify future objectives and achieve them in a planned and
logical manner; and (4) Increasing quality assurance reviews to improve financial
integrity. This request will also allow Headquarters, Cincinnati, Las Vegas and
Research Triangle Park offices to provide necessary financial accounting and
fiscal services.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,528,600 supported by 136.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears include 135.5 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and .9 total workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. These resources provide a full array of financial
services to EPA managers, including: payroll, accounting, debt collection,
accounts payable and policy guidance. This program also manages the Agency's
Integrated Financial Management System. The 1990 program emphasis is on
implementing the Office of Management and Budget's Circular A-127 requirements,
implementing Section 4 of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982,
implementing a new ad hoc report wr-iter, increasing the timeliness of payments
processed as required by the Prompt Payment Act, exploring further cash
management initiatives, and bringing the Integrated Financial Management System
into full compliance with General Accounting Office standards.
11-53
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $8,363,200 supported by 136.4
total workyears, all of which was frpm the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Total workyears included 136.3 from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
.1 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. With these
resources, the Agency improved the financial services provided by Headquarters
and Research Triangle Park financial operations, developed standard quality
assurance programs for the Agency, implemented and developed a long-term planning
process for the Integrated Financial Management System, and transferred the
software programs "to operate the Integrated Financial Management System at the
National Computer Center.
OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,482,700 supported by 84.4 total workyears
for this program. Total dollars will include $7,133,300 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,349,400 for the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears will include 83.4 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 1.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. This represents an increase of $1,155,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $1,701,000 in the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation and an increase of .8 total workyears in the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel and support costs. The increase in Abatement Control
and Compliance will support P3 activities, management integrity, and Agency
program management needs. We will continue implementation of OMB Circular A-
127, a major initiative which will integrate and improve the Agency's financial
management systems, support the Agency's Pub lie-Private Partnership (P3) efforts,
and enhance the level of support for the Agency's productivity activities.
These resources will provide the Office of the Comptroller with the
capabilities to perform all mandatory activities associated with OMB and
Congressional budget submissions for 1992 and 1993, provide budget analyses and
reports to Agency program offices through the Resource Planning and Budgeting
System, and maintain an allocation, control and review system for all workyear
and financial resources. The office will continue its focus on maintaining
EPA's Productivity Improvement Program, which will reduce costs and enhance
program effectiveness across the Agency. The Comptroller will also continue to
implement the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act, and implement OMB
Circular A-76.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency, is allocating a total of $6,626,600 supported by 83.6
total workyears for this program, of which $5,978,200 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $648,400 is from the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. Total workyears include 83.4 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and .2 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. With these resources the Office of the Comptroller prepares the 1991
11-54
-------
budget request, develops current and outyear budget guidance to program and
Regional offices, analyzes budget issues, develops and implements Agency budget
policy, and administers and provides policy guidance to EPA managers on a range
of fiscal concerns.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,194,900 supported by 79.7
total workyears for this program, of which $5,074,900 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $120,000 from the Abatement Control and Compliance
appropriation. With these resources, this program managed the development of
the 1990 Operating Flans, provided budget and policy guidance to Program and
Regional offices for the 1991 budget requests, performed oversight of audit
resolution and follow-up, implemented the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity
Act, and continued EPA's Productivity Improvement Program.
CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,613,700 supported by 255.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 251.0 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 4.5 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. This represents an increase of $1,726,800 and 10.0 total workyears in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of 3.8 total workyears from
the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The increase in
workyears will fund growing contract placement and grant management needs as a
result of FIFRA and the Clean Air Act and support Financial Integrity activities.
The request will enable the Agency to process and award new contracts and
purchase orders, manage and close out existing contracts, train project officers
and contracting officers, evaluate contractor cost proposals, process contract
terminations and claims, and provide technical review, policy guidance, and
administrative oversight and management to the three procurement operations in
Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park (RTP). In the grants area,
resources will allow the Agency to develop and interpret regulations, policy and
procedural guidance for new and existing Agency-wide assistance programs; award
and administer Headquarters grants and loans, cooperative agreements, and
interagency agreements; provide outreach to the Regions, states and Federal
assistance recipients; continue to modify, update, and simplify assistance
regulations; continue in-house audit and cost analyses; increase suspension and
debarment actions to combat waste, fraud and abuse in Federal assistance and
procurement programs; implement the Clean Air Act Amendments and enhance the role
of the Agency's Grants Information System Management Council.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,886,900 supported by
241.7 total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. Total workyears include 241.0 from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and .7 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing
Revolving Fund. These resources are being used to perform a full range of grants
11-55
-------
and contract activities including awarding and managing contracts, grants, loans,
purchase orders, and interagency agreements. This also includes negotiating
indirect cost rates, processing terminations and claims, managing procurement
operations at Headquarters, Cincinnati and RTF, publishing a government-wide
consolidated debarment regulation, developing suspension and debarment cases
under the EPA assistance and procurement program, strengthening internal grant
management controls, building Region/state/recipient capacity, addressing
regulation and policy development, continuing to implement the new State
Revolving Fund policy, finalizing the implementation of a new automated
assistance document system, developing an automated Congressional Notification
System, and providing project and contracting officer training.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency allocated a total of $11,224,400 supported by 222.5
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major accomplishments in this program area included increased
emphasis on contract management, continued implementation of the Federal
Acquisition Regulation, improvement of the contract planning system and automated
procurement and grants document systems, issuance of additional awards for the
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Program, development of a Grants Information
System Management Council and the implementation of an automated grant document
system in the Regions. We also published the Drug Free Workplace Act
Regulations, took noncompliance actions and recovered Federal funds from program
participants who abused the privileges of Federal assistance, and developed and
issued policy and guidance for the State Revolving Fund.
ORGANIZATION AND HEALTH SERVICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,135,800 supported by 50.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $388,300 and 3.0 total workyears
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of .4 total workyears
in the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The increase in
the Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in workyears will expand our health and safety and environmental
compliance activities. The Agency will continue to coordinate the management
of the planning, design, construction and move processes for a new consolidated
Agency headquarters, and focus on construction planning and coordination.
Particular emphasis will be placed on interior/exterior design monitoring as well
as developing a management oversight mechanism. Our environmental compliance
program will continue to perform audits and provide technical assistance and
training to Agency laboratories. Waste minimization will be a new area receiving
emphasis. Our health and safety program will continue to monitor Agency
workspace for safe and healthful working conditions and provide technical
assistance and training. In addition, we will expand our efforts to ensure that
Agency organizations, management systems and processes are as efficient and
effective as possible by conducting management and organization analytical
studies; overseeing the Agency's directives systems; managing the development
and review of Agency-wide delegations of authority and reorganizations; managing
11-56
-------
the Agency's public advisory committees; administering management advisory and
support services contracts; and providing technical assistance on management and
organization issues.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating a total of $2,747,500 supported by 47.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears include 47.4 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and .4 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. These resources provide high quality management assistance to all Agency
organizations. We will design an automated Agency directives system to provide
current information essential to the Agency's evolving mission. Management
assistance will enable the Agency to respond to complex environmental issues such
as source reduction, technology transfer, and alternative financing mechanisms.
Delegations of authority and organizational analyses will strive towards
strengthening management processes and streamlining organizations. Planning for
the new headquarters facility will involve identification of a developer who best
meets the Agency's functional requirements. Resources will be devoted to
refining specific evaluation criteria, conducting detailed evaluation of
developer proposals and completing specific site analyses. An environmental
compliance manual and model program will be established for Agency laboratories.
Environmental compliance audits will focus on Agency laboratories with prior
problems. Our health and safety program will concentrate on improving the indoor
air quality of our facilities, implementing and monitoring asbestos operations
and maintenance programs, and reviewing the drinking water in our facilities to
ensure safe levels of lead.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $2,440,500 supported by 41.1
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. A comprehensive review of EPA's organizational history,
legislative responsibilities, and priorities was prepared to facilitate the
management transition to the incoming Administration. Management and contract
assistance resulted in a series of organizational and management improvements
for Agency responsibilities required by current and new environmental
legislation. Additionally, technical support resulted in the establishment of
five new Agency advisory committees. The planning process for the new
headquarters facility involved refinement of previously established technical
requirements incorporating a number of environmental considerations, including
pollution prevention, energy conservation and indoor air quality. Environmental
compliance program evaluation, training and technical support was provided to
our laboratories, and Agency health and safety programs were reviewed.
FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,335,400 supported by 181.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears include 179.7 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and ?. .5 total workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited
11-57
-------
Processing Revolving Fund. This represents an increase of $660,100 and 7.0 total
workyears in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and .2 total workyears in
the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel and support costs. The
increase in workyears will fund facility management needs as a result of the
Clean Air Act and provide for a Health and Safety Officer in Cincinnati. With
these resources the Agency will administer the Nationwide Support, Headquarters
Support, and Buildings and Facilities budgets, provide operational support and
housekeeping services, and monitor and direct contractor resources under support
contracts, with particular efforts to improve working conditions at the Waterside
Mall Complex.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,675,300 supported by 174.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears include 172.7 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 1.3 total workyears from the Reregistration and Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund. These funds are being used to provide timely, high
quality and cost effective facilities management and support services for EPA
facilities in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTF), North Carolina and
Cincinnati, Ohio. These resources provide on-going services in the areas of
property and space management, operational services, office support services,
real estate and lease enforcement support, transportation management, printing
and publication operations, security services, and facilities design and
construction management. We are also expanding our improvement efforts at the
Waterside Mall Complex.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $7,532,100 supported by 174.3
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources the Agency provided responsive facilities
management services to EPA facilities in Washington, RTP and Cincinnati,
established better administrative controls over property management, and
effectively managed space needs. We also initiated planning for the new
Headquarters facility, improved ventilation throughout Waterside Mall and
provided effective security services. This program supervised the design and
construction of a new water quality monitoring field station in Newport, Oregon;
the design of the clinical inhalation research lab in Chapel Hill, North
Carolina; the construction of the radiation laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama;
the design of the new Biotechnology Lab in Gulf Breeze, Florida; and the design
of the Edison, New Jersey Laboratory.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,826,900 supported by 178.9 total
workyears for this program of which $11,727,400 will be for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,099,500 will be for the Abatement Control and
Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation of $1,175,500 and 6.0 total workyears, a decrease of .2
11-58
-------
projects under analysis. The Systems Development Center was established to
assist in the development and enhancement of our national program data systems.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,375,500 supported by 180.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears will include 177.4 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 3.0 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. This represents an increase of $361,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of 1.7 total workyears from the Reregistration and
Expedited Processing Revolving Fund. This supports expansion of the Technology
Transfer Program to states, local and tribal governments, managerial and
executive development, and increased delegated examining authority for key
employee groups and high priority occupations. This program will continue
recruitment, position management, classification, performance management, pay
administration, personnel and payroll processing, labor management and employee
relations, and technical assistance and advisory services. It is also
institutionalizing the Human Resources initiatives begun during the last several
years. These include: extension of the EPA Institute, creation and delivery of
programs dealing with important workplace issues (e.g. flexiplace and leave
bank), expansion of workforce planning and organizational programs, streamlining
and simplifying employment and position classification programs, and developing
and implementing executive and management development programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,014,000 supported by 178.7
total workyears for the program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Total workyears include 177.4 from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and 1.3 from the Reregistration and Expedited Processing Revolving
Fund. These resources will provide professional and administrative recruitment
services, selection and placement of new employees, centralized examination and
referral services, position management, classification and job analysis , advice
to management on labor management and employee relations, employee and
management development services, and personnel and payroll processing. Policy
guidance and national support will be provided to the Agency. These resources
will allow for maintenance of personnel data and information systems including
updating the workforce snapshots book. Among the Human Resources initiatives
to be introduced in 1990 are the broader use of the EPA Institute to transfer
technology to state, local and tribal governments and the implementation of an
automated catalogue of all EPA taught courses nationwide. The Agency will also
establish its own Intern Program, expand management courses and enhance
supplemental managerial development programs. In addition, EPA will field a
leave bank program and pilot a flexiplace program.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $8,558,900 supported by 169.7
total workyears for the program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
11-59
-------
appropriation. The Agency implemented and expanded key Human Resources
initiatives. Among those initiatives was the further expansion of the EPA
Institute to Regional and field locations and the development of managerial
courses including a Core Course for Executives. The Agency also simplified its
workforce planning methodology including the introduction of a workforce
snapshots book for supervisors and managers, accepted some delegated authority
and implemented employment flexibility to streamline the employment process.
The Agency implemented a comprehensive program to provide continuous assistance
on the FERS and Civil Service Retirement System Programs, and further
consolidated direct contact personnel services for Headquarters employees in our
Human Resources Service Center. Resources supported improvement and utilization
of personnel data information systems and provided continuing support to meet
the Agency's special recruitment needs.
11-60
-------
Regional
Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management 11-61
Resource Management - Regions 11-63
Financial Management - Regions 11-63
Human Resources Management - Regions 11-64
Administrative Management - Regions 11-65
Regional Management 11-66
Regional Counsel 11-66
Planning, Evaluation and Analysis - Regions 11-67
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Resource Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Financial Management
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Hunan Resources Mgt -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
Administrative
Management - Regions
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$1,837.0
$1,837.0
$3,179.0
$3,179.0
$3,836.2
$3,836.2
$1,801.3
$1,801.3
$3,091.5
$3,091.5
$3,771.3
$3,771.3
$1,761.1
$1,761.1
$3,658.5
$3,458.5
$3,781.4
$3,781.4
$2,066.3
$2,066.3
$3,510.1
$3,510.1
$4,487.6
$4,487.6
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
$305.2
$305.2
$51.6
$51.6
$706.2
$706.2
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
$6,794.3
$6.794.3
$12,213.6
$12,213.6
$4,007.1
$4,007.1
$7,104.6
$7,104.6
$11,181.2
$11,181.2
$4,194.0
$4,194.0
$7,724.8
$7,724.8
$11,945.7
$11,945.7
$3,689.5
$3,689.5
$9,050.0
$9,050.0
$13,452.4
$13,452.4
$5,031.3
$5,031.3
$1,325.2
$1,325.2
$1,506.7
$1,506.7
$1,341.8
$1,341.8
TOTAL
$3,817.6
$3,817.6
$4,432.6
$4,432.6
$4,341.5
$4,341.5
$5,227.3
$5,227.3
$885.8
$885.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $35,684.8 $35,576.5 $36,702.5 $42,825.0 $6,122.5
Regional Management TOTAL $35,684.8 $35,576.5 $36,702.5 $42,825.0 $6,122.5
11-61
-------
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Human Resources Mgt -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Management
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Human Resources Mgt -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Management
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
36.5
85.7
91.7
157.4
185.9
74.0
74.2
705.4
39.9
90.2
100.0
178.7
205.7
81.0
81.0
40.8
89.5
93.0
188.8
187.0
83.0
97.9
780.0
40.8
89.5
93.0
188.8
187.0
83.0
97.9
40.2
85.9
85.7
178.9
180.2
78.1
87.9
736.9
40.8
89.5
93.0
189.0
192.3
82.9
90.8
40.8
89.5
103.0
209.8
187.0
93.0
101.5
824.6
40.8
89.5
103.0
209.8
187.0
93.0
101.5
.6
3.6
17.3
30.9
6.8
14.9
13.6
87.7
0.0
0.0
10.0
20.8
-5.3
10.1
10.7
Analysis - Regions
TOTAL WORKYEARS
776.5
780.0
778.3 824.6
46.3
11-62
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,825,000 supported by 824.6 total work-
years for 1991, an increase of $6,122,500 and 46.3 workyears from 1990. All of
the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,066,300 supported by 40.8 total
workyears, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $305,200 and no change in total workyears from
1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated salary
and expense needs in FY 1991 and more fully address shortfalls in this account
which have existed the past few years. This level of funding supports Regional
resource management and control activities, including budget and operating plan
development and workload analysis. In addition, these resources will allow the
Regional offices to continue implementing the Federal Managers' Financial
Integrity Act and further strengthen funds control.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,761,100 supported by 40.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to conduct budgeting and resource
analysis functions in the ten Regional offices.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,837,000 supported by 39.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to effectively
and efficiently manage their resources and operating plan processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,510,100 supported by 89.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $51,600 and no change in workyears from
1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated salary
and expense needs for FY 1991 and more fully address shortfalls in this account
which have existed the past few years. It also provides the capability to
continue conducting internal control reviews as required by the Federal Managers'
Financial Integrity Act of 1982 as well as Cash Management Reviews mandated by
11-63
-------
the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984. The acquisition of micro-computers will
provide the staff with the necessary tools to develop automated improvements.
This level of funding will allow the financial management offices to provide
basic financial services and maintain on-going financial management functions.
The financial management offices will continue to provide accounting, payment
processing, billings and collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts,
purchase orders, and all other financial transactions as well as payroll support
and general ledger activities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,458,500 supported by 89.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,179,000 supported by 90.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Financial Management Offices provided
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,487,600 supported by 103.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $706,200 and 10.0 total workyears
from 1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for anticipated
salary and expense needs for FY 1991 and more fully address shortfalls in this
account which have existed the past few years. The increase in workyears will
support the Clean Air Act by providing for basic personnel operations and
enhancing human resources programs in the Regions. The resources will allow
Regional personnel offices to meet basic regulatory requirements and maintain
current service levels. These services include processing recruitment and
classification actions, entering data and updates to the Agency's payroll system,
providing advisory services and reorganization reviews, administering the
grievance system, negotiating with unions, and managing the Performance
Management and Recognition System.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,781,400 supported by 93.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to formalize local human resource
management programs, provide for recruitment, staffing, and classification
actions, conduct position management and pay administration, process personnel
and payroll transactions, administer grievance system and disciplinary action
procedures, provide employment development and training, consult and negotiate
11-64
-------
with local unions, conduct special studies, and advise Regional managers on the
above functions;
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,836,200 supported by 100.0
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Regional personnel offices provided
on-going personnel services to support the accomplishment of the Regions' program
operations and goals, provided better training programs for Regional employees,
and initiated human resources management programs.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,050,000 supported by 209.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,325,200 and 20.8 total
workyears from 1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses will provide for
anticipated salary and expense needs in FY 1991 and more fully address shortfalls
in this account which have existed the past few years. Increased workyears will
provide for enhanced health and safety and environmental compliance activities
and expand data integration efforts to assist the Agency in more extensive cross-
media analysis for better risk-based decisions. Resources will allow the Regions
to provide administrative management services that include maintaining
administrative information systems and minicomputer operations, ensuring ADP
operations support for Regional programs, managing word processing equipment and
ADP systems acquisition, and coordinating Regional records management.
Development of state data management plans to ensure efficient and reliable
methods of State/EPA data sharing will receive priority attention. In addition,
this program will continue to direct contracting and purchasing activities,
ensure the safety and security of Regional personnel, manage property and
supplies, provide general office services, and provide program management for
all support services.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,724,800 supported by 189.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with
administrative management activities in the areas of information management,
small purchases and procurement, health and safety and environmental compliance,
and facilities support. This program will continue to improve methods for EPA
and states to share environmental data.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $6,794,300 supported by 178.7
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Regions provided administrative
11-65
-------
management services and implemented information management plans to increase
use of personal computers and integrate electronic telecommunications lines to
achieve cost saving and productivity gains.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,452,400 supported by 187.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,506,700 and a decrease of 5.3
workyears from 1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased
personnel and support costs. The decrease in workyears reflects a 1990 FTE
increase to process the backlog of FOI requests. The budget request will enable
the Regional offices to continue to shape and articulate policy for state and
local governments; respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the
public; establish regular communications with public interest, environmental and
business groups; maintain an effective Equal Employment Opportunity program,
and process Freedom of Information requests.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,945,700 and 192.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1990 we will emphasize coordination and dissemination of the
increasing number of information requests including Freedom of Information
requests, which are increasing by approximately 20 percent per year. The program
will continue issuing critical news releases, maintaining a Regional Equal
Employment program, responding to Congressional inquiries, and coordinating EPA
involvement in major state environmental issues.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $12,213,600 and 205.7 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This program provided support for the Regional Administrators and their immediate
staffs, as well as for the basic staff functions of public affairs, Congressional
and intergovernmental activities, and the equal employment opportunity function.
REGIONAL COUNSEL
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,031,300 supported by 93.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,341,800 and an increase of
10.1 total workyears from 1990. The increase will provide for additional staff
to manage, conduct, and coordinate legal counseling and Agency litigation; to
provide increased legal support to FOI requests; to provide for hearing officers
for certain types of administrative hearings, and for increased personnel and
support costs.
11-66
-------
The Offices of Regional Counsel (ORC) will continue to handle defensive
litigation involving principally Regional issues. They will provide advice and
counsel to Regional programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; assist states
by reviewing State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining
adequate legal authorities; and support Agency contract and assistance programs
through resolution of grant appeals, bid protests, and debarment and suspension
actions. The additional attorney staff requested for 1991 will be used to
bolster the ORC capacity to manage, conduct, and coordinate Agency Regional
litigation and other actions to ensure that Agency receives timely, consistent,
and comprehensive legal advice for all Regional programs and activities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,689,500 supported by 82.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The ORCs handle defensive litigation involving principally
Regional issues. They provide advice and counsel to Regional programs; review
Regional rulemaking actions; and assist States by reviewing State program
delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate legal authorities.
Additionally, the ORCs continue to support Agency assistance and procurement
programs through resolution of grant appeals, bid protest, and debarment and
suspension actions.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,007,100 supported by 81.0
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1989, the ORCs supported Agency priorities by providing legal
advice and support to Regional managers and defending the Agency in litigation.
They also advised on actions such as grants, contracts, and personnel actions.
Additionally, the ORCs activities including advising State agencies on the legal
requirements for assuming environmental protection programs, assisting in
drafting appropriate regulatory language, and helping to negotiate and document
the terms of delegation agreements.
PLANNING. EVALUATION. AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,227,300 supported by 101.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $885,800 and an increase of 10.7
total workyears from 1990. The increase in Salaries and Expenses results from
expanded efforts in pollution prevention and strategic planning and increased
personnel and support costs as well as the one-time reduction in 1990 associated
with sequestration and Section 517.
The ten Regions will carry out essential Regional planning, evaluation and
analysis activities including strategic planning focussing on comparative risk
analyses and development of Regional strategic options; accountability; program
evaluation; management and regulatory analysis; and risk assessment, management
and communication which will focus on developing and implementing comprehensive
Regional risk reduction strategies to establish the necessary institutional
11-67
-------
framework for addressing risk in the field. In addition, these resources will
provide all Regions with the staff needed to perform activities related to
cross-media pollution prevention. Products will include implementation of
Regional pollution prevention plans; integration of pollution prevention and
source reduction approaches in site-specific decision making; sponsoring training
and education events for state and local governments, industry and citizen
groups; overseeing pollution prevention state grant activities; integrating
pollution prevention into Regional risk management strategies; and supporting
multi-state, Regional councils, established specifically to deal with pollution
prevention and source reduction initiatives.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,341,500 supported by 90.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
These resources are providing the ten Regional Administrators with the
staff needed to perform essential planning, evaluation, and analysis activities.
In addition, each Region continues to develop an overall strategy for improving
the use of risk analysis in its decision making by continuing to work with the
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) in building priority-setting
and planning processes and in improving the ability to set priorities based on
risk reduction; increasing the scientific and technical risk capability in each
Region; initiating programs to facilitate information exchange among state
environmental agencies on new technical and management applications; developing
new methods to explain environmental risks to the public; and identifying
specific training needs and sponsoring classes for employees in risk-related
analytical techniques. Three Regions are working with OPPE in developing
Regional risk plans as part of the four-year strategic planning process.
Additionally, six Regions are establishing Regional pollution prevention
demonstration programs. These cross-media programs support work at the state
level by providing technical assistance, training opportunities and support to
Regional, multi-state advisory councils. Several Regions are sponsoring projects
which are targeting pollution prevention opportunities for key industrial
facilities in sensitive environmental areas, and another of the demonstration
Regions is integrating pollution prevention approaches into its enforcement
priority-setting efforts. Evaluations of these efforts are underway.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,817,600 supported by 81.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Necessary planning, evaluation and analysis functions were performed.
Three Regions participated in OPPE's Regional integrated environmental management
projects. All Regions devoted additional resources to beginning the development
of comprehensive Regional risk reduction strategies to establish the necessary
institutional framework for addressing risk assessment, management, and
communication. First steps involved examining the Regions' priority-setting
process, developing a more objective means of setting priorities (including use
of Geographic Information System technologies) and establishing a process for
11-68
-------
increased Regional participation in developing Agency priorities and assessing
Regional risk reduction efforts. Six Regions also began to lay the foundation
for pollution prevention demonstration programs.
11-69
-------
Support
Costs
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs 11-70
Professional Training 11-71
Nationwide Support Services 11-72
Headquarters Support Services 11-72
Regional Support Services 11-73
Automated Data Processing Support Costs 11-74
Lab Support - Research and Development 11-75
Lab Support - Air and Radiation 11-76
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances 11-76
-------
SUPPORT COSTS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses $467.1 $582.6 $574.8 $1,130.0 $555.2
TOTAL $467.1 $582.6 $574.8 $1,130.0 $555.2
Nationwide Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $73,700.8 $81,969.5 $79,820.2 $89,469.8 $9,649.6
Office of Inspector $1,702.0 $1,702.0
General
TOTAL $73,700.8 $81,969.5 $79,820.2 $91,171.8 $11,351.6
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $37,657.7 $47,435.8 $46,726.6 $56,576.2 $9,849.6
Office of Inspector $610.0 $610.0
General
TOTAL $37,657.7 $47,435.8 $46,726.6 $57,186.2 $10,459.6
Regional Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses $34,096.7 $37,980.5 $31,800.5 $42,037.6 $10,237.1
TOTAL $34,096.7 $37,980.5 $31,800.5 $42,037.6 $10,237.1
Automated Data
Processing Support
Costs
Salaries & Expenses $35,832.2 $43,053.0 $42,236.7 $47,749.6 $5,512.9
Office of Inspector $130.0 $130.0
General
TOTAL $35,832.2 $43,053.0 $42,236.7 $47,879.6 $5,642.9
Lab Support-Research &
Development
Salaries & Expenses $6,932.3 $9,486.7 $8,120.0 $8,444.2 $324.2
TOTAL $6,932.3 $9,486.7 $8,120.0 $8,444.2 $324.2
Lab Support - Air And
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses $1,846.5 $1,923.0 $1,858.1 $1,953.3 $95.2
TOTAL $1,846.5 $1,923.0 $1.858.1 $1,953.3 $95.2
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses $366.0 $466.7 $460.4 $474.0 $13.6
TOTAL $366.0 $466.7 $460.4 $474.0 $13.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $190,899.3 $222,897.8 $211,597.3 $247,834.7 $36,237.4
Office of Inspector $2,442.0 $2,442.0
General
Support Costs TOTAL $190,899.3 $222,897.8 $211,597.3 $250,276.7 $38,679.4
11-70
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $250,276,700 for 1991, an increase of $38,679,400
from 1990. All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,130,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $555,200 from 1990. The increase will enhance current training and
development programs as well as support human resources management initiatives
especially in the areas of expanding technology transfer to state, local and
tribal governments. We will also establish a centrally funded management
training pool for an Agency-wide executive development program. The Agency will
continue to offer training and development to managers and support staff.
Scientific and technical courses will be developed. The EPA Institute will add
to its current offerings. Career development activities will be enhanced in
order to help employees develop and maintain needed skills.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $574,800 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are
being used to develop and deliver a widening variety of training opportunities
through the EPA Institute and will increase the number of employees trained to
conduct these courses. Institute courses Agency-wide will be consolidated into
an automated courses catalogue. The Agency will emphasize Regional Institute
activities, especially those involving transfer of technology to states and
tribal communities. EPA will continue to conduct supervisory and managerial
training courses including "Framework for Supervision", "Keys to Managerial
Excellence", and "Managing for Results" and will implement "A Core Course for
Executives". In addition, we will develop programs to augment these core
managerial courses. Career development programs will be supported which increase
the cross-agency and cross-media experience of employees and managers, and
improve their ability to address complex environmental problems. Current
activities of the Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development Program,
the Presidential Management Intern Program and the Greater Leadership
Opportunities Program will be maintained. The Agency will continue to support
the career advisory committees and the Human Resources Council.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $467,100 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds were
11-71
-------
utilized to provide training in the areas of supervisory management, executive
development, clerical skills, and technical and scientific development. EPA
Institute operations were expanded to Regions and field locations. The Agency
developed a pre-supervisory training program, a "Core Course for Executives" and
expanded the Greater Leadership Opportunities Program (GLO), a program targeted
at helping women and minorities to advance.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $91,171,800 for this program. Total dollars
will include $89,469,800 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,702,000 for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase
of $9,649,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,702,000 in the
Inspector General appropriation from 1990. The increase will cover additional
space rental and telecommunications needs as a result of Agency workyear
increases, FTS rate increases and cost escalations to service contracts. These
funds will pay for Agencywide support costs including space rental, postage, FTS
and telecommunications costs, national security, Code of Federal regulations
typesetting, unemployment compensation, workmen's compensation, health and safety
and environmental compliance audits and personnel support for Public Health
Service commissioned officers.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $79,820,200 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
are being used by the Agency to provide efficient nationwide services to the
Agency workforce. The Agency is working with GSA to procure additional space
in Washington to help alleviate overcrowded conditions at the Waterside Mall.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $73,700,800 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
allowed the Agency to pursue several nationwide support efforts in the areas of
space planning, telecommunications, information security, and personal property
management.
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $57,186,200 for this program. Total dollars
include $56,576,200 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $610,000
for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of
$9,849,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $610,000 in the
Inspector General appropriation. The increase will provide for cost escalations
to service contracts, cover anticipated utility rate increases and provide
support for Agency workyear increases. It also includes a major initiative to
support data management activities which will provide for data integration and
11-72
-------
the sharing of information with state and local governments. The data
integration efforts will support the Agency emphasis on compliance, enforcement,
and pollution prevention strategies. These resources will provide space planning
and coordination services for the new Headquarters facility. These resources
will also provide ongoing Headquarters Support services including motor pool,
printing and copying, telephones, utilities, facilities operations and
maintenance (specifically the needs associated with the Waterside Mall Complex),
and ADP technical support to EPA operations in Washington, Research Triangle Park
(RTP), North Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $46,726,600 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
are being used to provide on-going office, building, and information management
services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati. With this funding
level the Agency will provide critical on-going services necessary to operate
and manage EPA facilities, office supply/support services, and management
information systems. Additionally, the Agency will continue to carry out its
operating plans for delegation of authority for lease enforcement/building
operations at headquarters facilities, and will continue to refine procedures
for property management/inventory control. We will continue to plan for the new
Headquarters facility and focus on refinement of design characteristics. In
addition we are expanding our facility improvement efforts at the Waterside Mall
Complex.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $37,657,700 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
provided basic Headquarters Support services to EPA operations in Washington,
RTP, and Cincinnati. In addition, detailed technical requirements, evaluation
criteria, and site analysis information was performed in preparation for the new
Headquarters facility. ADP support was provided for the first phase of the
Integrated Financial Management System. This system was implemented Agency-wide
providing integrated financial services and internal funds control. The program
systems modernization efforts were begun to enhance and develop national data
systems.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,037,600 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $10,237,100 from 1990. The increase will allow for contract and rate
increases in basic operating costs, provide for health and safety and
environmental compliance contract support, and provide for the acquisition of
ADP equipment to meet information management needs. Increased resources will
more fully address shortfalls in this account which have existed in the past,
and provide support needs for additional Agency workyears. This level of
resources will provide the ten Regional Offices with basic support services
. 11-73
-------
including printing and copying, minicomputer operations, utilities, mail,
telephone, library operations, general training, office and laboratory facility
maintenance, and technical support. In addition, funding is provided to pay for
the relocation of the Chicago, San Francisco, and Boston offices.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $31,800,500 for this program
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
are being used to provide basic office, building, and information management
services to the Regions. In addition, funding is provided to pay for the
relocation of the San Francisco and Boston offices.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $34,096,700 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided
ongoing support services in the Regions including improved property management
and better safety for EPA employees. Also, the Regions continued efforts to
increase Regional productivity.
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $47,879,600 for this program, $47,749,600
of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $130,000 from
the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of $5,512,900
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $130,000 in the Inspector General
appropriation. This increase will enable the Agency to allow for increased
timeshare capacity to meet additional program and administrative needs. These
resources will provide the mainframe computing capacity, telecommunications
network, workstation support and operations to support the access and use of
environmental and management data.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $42,236,700, all of which is from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are being used to maintain an
ever-increasing demand on computing services in support of all Agency programs,
exclusive of Superfund. The Agency's mainframe computing resources are expanding
to meet the increased use by the Agency and states in environmental data
collection, use and sharing. The integration of our administrative systems have
also increased the demand for mainframe computing capacity. The Agency is also
beginning to implement a more open telecommunications architecture centered
around current communications standards.
11-74
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, The Agency obligated a total of $35,832,200, all of which was from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency used these funds to maintain
and operate its mainframe computing systems, continued the replacement of
obsolete minicomputers in the Agency's Regional Offices with modern processors
that are compatible with the Agency's mainframe and telecommunications
architecture, continued the implementation of telecommunications connections to
state/local environmental agencies to facilitate data sharing, implemented intra-
building telecommunications backbones to support local area networking, and began
investments in visualization equipment in support of supercomputer modeling
research. The Agency continued to invest in increased computing capacity to
support programmatic and administrative computer applications. Investments were
also made in the wide area network to implement increased capacity and to respond
to government-wide standards.
LAB SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,444,200, all of which will be for the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of $324,200
from 1990 to prevent major health, safety or environmental compliance problems
that would result from inadequate maintenance of facilities. Many of these
laboratories have deteriorated and constantly require attention.
ORD's seven remote laboratories are located in:
o Athens, Georgia
o Ada, Oklahoma
o Corvallis, Oregon
o Duluth, Minnesota
o Narragansett, Rhode Island
o Gulf Breeze, Florida and
o Las Vegas, Nevada
Essential services required to operate and maintain ORD.s seven remote
laboratories include, but are not limited to, facilities operation and
maintenance; janitorial and guard services; local telephone services; utilities;
and equipment operations, maintenance and rental costs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,120,000, all of which is
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This program provides funds for
the operation and maintenance of ORD's seven remote -laboratories.
1989 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $6,932,300, all of which was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation. These funds provided for the operation and maintenance
of remote laboratories.
11-75
-------
LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,953,300 for this program, all of which
is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of
$95,200 from 1990. This program supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory
(MVEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
(EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama; and the Las Vegas radiation facility (LVF) in
Nevada. The funds provide basic operation and maintenance support at these
locations. The support provided includes security, janitorial, and maintenance
services; utilities; General Services Administration vehicles; supplies and
materials; and communications.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating $1,858,100 to support the three
laboratories, all from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1990 program
provides for the same types of activities described for 1991: basic laboratory
operations, maintenance, and supplies. These activities are required on a
continuing basis for effective and safe laboratory operation.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $1,846,500 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided
the basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to operate the
three laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $474,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This is an increase of $13,600
over the 1990 funding level. Resources will be used for basic facilities and
operation and maintenance costs for the laboratories in Beltsville, Maryland and
Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs include utilities, security,
communications, warehousing, custodial services , and building maintenance . These
resources will also provide for the purchase of new laboratory equipment to
replace equipment which is obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, and
cover increasing maintenance costs for existing equipment. The resources will
also provide for the purchase of equipment for building analytical capacity for
biotechnology and other unique products which cannot be validated with
traditional laboratory instruments.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $460,400 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1990 program
supports the facilities, operations, and maintenance costs for the laboratories
in Beltsville, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. These costs include
11-76
-------
utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodian services, building
maintenance, purchase of new laboratory equipment to replace equipment which is
obsolete or no longer cost-effective to repair, equipment maintenance, building
biotechnology capacity, and analyzing unique products which cannot be validated
with traditional analytical laboratory instruments.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $366,000 for this program, all
of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The funds were used
to provide general support and maintenance of the laboratories.
11-77
-------
12. BUILDING AND
FACILITIES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 12-1
Buildings and Facilities 12-3
New Facilities 12-4
Repairs and Improvements 12-4
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION $6,592.7 $14,768.0 $14,652.0 $13,000.0 -$1,652.0
OUTLAYS $15,118.0 $19,543.0 $19,436.0 $12,942.0 -$6,494.0
AUTHORIZATION Authorization is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
12-1
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Building and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
and improvement of all types of facilities occupied by EPA. The agency currently
has ten Regional offices with associated Regional laboratories, two large
research and development laboratories, a number of field stations with laboratory
facilities, and a large headquarters complex.
The Building and Facilities mandate is to provide a healthful and efficient
work environment through repair, renovation upgrades, or replacement of our
facilities. We are currently directing major efforts toward finding suitable
housing for EPA headquarters and are simultaneously continuing a repair program
that protects the investment in EPA's real property holdings and permits us to
more adequately and efficiently address Agency programs. When necessary, we
provide specially designed laboratories and testing facilities to meet particular
environmental program needs. We place particular emphasis on environmental
compliance efforts in EPA facilities where modifications are needed to
accommodate storage of hazardous materials, removal of asbestos and PCBs,
upgrading fire and life safety systems (such as installation of sprinkler and
detection systems and the removal of Halon systems), and renovating HVAC systems
to meet ventilation standards. A constant theme in all of our efforts is to
provide environmental leadership in protecting our employees so that we might
serve as a role model for both the public and private sectors of society.
12-2
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
New Facilities
Buildings & Facilities $1,561.1 $4,430.4 $4,395.6 $500.0 -$3,895.6
TOTAL $1,561.1 $4,430.4 $4,395.6 $500.0 -$3,895.6
Repairs & Improvements
Buildings & Facilities $5,031.6 $10,337.6 $10,256.4 $12,500.0 $2,243.6
TOTAL $5,031.6 $10,337.6 $10,256.4 $12,500.0 $2,243.6
TOTAL:
Buildings & Facilities $6,592.7 $14,768.0 $14,652.0 $13,000.0 -$1,652.0
12-3
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests $13,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
appropriation, a decrease of $1,652,000 from 1990. This decrease is the result
of a significant decrease in New Facilities funds described below.
NEW FACILITIES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $500,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Building and Facilities appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $3,895,600 from 1990. The 1990 appropriation had been increased by a
Congressional add-on of $3 million for the Las Vegas laboratory and a second add-
on of $1 million for the Ada, Oklahoma laboratory. The 1990 funds were also
affected by across-the-board cuts of $105,000. The 1991 request will provide
funds to design and construct daycare facilities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating $4,395,600 for this program, all of which
is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These funds are being used
to construct a new water quality monitoring field station and support
construction activities in Newport, Oregon; design and renovate a laboratory to
test and evaluate innovative hazardous waste treatment technologies in Edison,
New Jersey; complete the design for a Clinical Inhalation Research Laboratory
at Chapel Hill, North Carolina; design and complete construction of a Day Care
Center in Cincinnati, Ohio; and finish construction of a radiation laboratory
in Montgomery, Alabama; and complete design and begin construction of the new
biotechnology lab in Gulf Breeze, Florida.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,561,100 for this program, all
of which was carryover from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These
funds were used to start construction on a new water quality monitoring field
station in Newport, Oregon, and to design a lab for clinical inhalation research
in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In addition, we initiated the design on the new
biotechnology lab in Gulf Breeze, Florida and continued the design on the
Superfund Lab in Edison, New Jersey. Construction continued on the new radiation
lab in Montgomery, Alabama.
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,500,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. This represents an
increase of $2,243,600 from 1990. The increase will be used for health and
12-4
-------
safety and environmental compliance projects and will fund build-out costs
associated with Regional office moves. These funds will provide planning,
engineering design, and construction related to the repair and improvement of
buildings occupied by EPA. More specifically, these funds will be used to
improve working conditions at the Waterside Mall Complex, address critical
repairs related to employee health and safety (fire protection installation);
environmental compliance efforts in EPA facilities (asbestos removal and
hazardous materials storage); critical regional build-out costs of space
associated with the moves of Chicago, San Francisco, and Boston; the expansion
of the New York office; and required alterations and repairs (electrical
distribution, air conditioning, emergency power for animal facilities).
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,256,400 for this program
all of which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources
are being used primarily to provide facilities maintenance and repair in an
effort to prevent further deterioration of EPA facilities, particularly at
Waterside Mall; to initiate environmental compliance activities such as asbestos
removal and upgrading of an incinerator in RTF; to complete Underground Storage
Tank (UST) activities; and to continue health and safety improvements and
modifications to facilities, including fume hoods and critical HVAC upgrades and
upgraded space requirements associated with the moves of San Francisco and the
Boston Regional offices as well as critical Health and Safety related
Headquarters activities.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $5,031,600, all of which was from
the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources were used to
complete various health and safety and environmental compliance improvements to
protect EPA employees and provide routine and emergency repairs at multiple sites
throughout the nation.
12-5
-------
13. CONSTRUCTION
GRANTS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 13-1
Construction Grants 13-1
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION $2,531,237.0 $2,018,225.0 $1,991,720.0 $1,600,000.0 -$391,720.0
OUTLAYS $2,349,827.0 $2,363,092.0 $2,362,668.0 $2,338,857.0 -$23,811.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program at a
level of $2,400,000,000 for each year 1987 through 1991.
13-1
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Program Background
Since 1973 the construction grants program has completed about 7,000
construction projects and provided approximately $52 billion of the more than
$77 billion invested in grant-assisted wastewater treatment works. There are
currently about 15,600 treatment plants in the nation serving 176 million people.
This program has been authorized since 1972 through Title II of the Clean
Water Act. Legislative amendments in 1977, 1981 and 1987 made a number of
significant changes to the program which reduced the Federal role in financing
project grants and increased state responsibilities for direct grants management.
The statute provides a formula for annual allotment of funds to states and
contains authorities for various funding set-asides to support delegated state
management, water quality management planning, innovative and alternative
technologies, and rural communities.
Program Transition
The Water Quality Act of 1987 set the stage for significant program
changes. The traditional program of grants to communities for constructing
facilities is being replaced by grants to states to capitalize revolving loan
funds ushering in expanded state responsibilities and autonomy in an already
extensively delegated program. Forty-three SRF programs came on line through
1989 with seven new programs projected in 1990, resulting in 50 operational
programs in 1991.
Another key change brought by the 1987 amendments was the creation of
several programs based on set-asides from construction grants (Title II) funds.
These include national reserves for Indian tribe wastewater treatment grants,
marine combined sewer overflow grants, funding for the national estuary program
and funding for nonpoint source programs. The set-asides have, provided
significant financial support to these activities; however, they will end with
the final appropriation of Title II funds in 1990.
Program Completion
Although funding for construction grants ends in 1990, a significant
workload of active grant projects will require state and Federal management well
into the 1990. By 1991, over 4,800 active grant projects, representing over
$25 billion in Federal investment, will require ongoing management. Projects
not yet closed out in 1991 represent 26 percent of all construction grants ever
made and 60 percent of the total Federal investment.
EPA is developing a strategy to deal with the completion of the program
as 205(g) program grant funds are phased out. The strategy will be based on the
ongoing partnership among EPA offices (including the Inspector General and
Regions), the Corps of Engineers and the state agencies, and will identify the
necessary level and mix of program resources to handle the completion workload.
13-2
-------
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Construction Grants and State Revolving Funds
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,600,000 for the Construction Grants
Appropriation, a decrease of $391,720,000 in the total appropriation from 1990.
Since 1990 is the final year the Agency is authorized to award grants to
localities for constructing sewage treatment plants, the entire 1991 request will
be devoted to capitalizing State Revolving Funds (SRF). Thus, funding for SRF's
will increase $598 million over that appropriated for 1990. 1991 is the first
year of accelerated SRF funding. The goal is that SRFs will be adequately
capitalized when the federal contribution ends no later than 1994. With
sufficiently funded SRFs, state wastewater treatment plant construction programs
will be self sufficient.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency's request of $1,600,000,000 for the Construction Grants
appropriation will be entirely devoted to the SRF program. This level of funding
will enable the Agency to assist in capitalizing the SRF programs and ensure that
states can provide financial assistance for construction of the highest priority
wastewater treatment facilities needed by communities to comply with Clean Water
Act requirements.
The Agency requests that $15,700,000 be earmarked for an international
sewage treatment project authorized by Section 510 of the Water Quality Act of
1987. Funds will be available for the construction of treatment facilities to
treat Tijuana sewage only if Mexico agrees to finance all operations and
maintenance costs attributable to Mexican sewage treated at the international
plant as well as the construction of any future additional capacity necessary
to treat Tijuana sewage.
Gross obligations for the construction grants program will total
approximately $209,000,000 from carryover and deobligated funds; gross
obligations for the SRF program will total approximately $1,488,930,000. Net
outlays are projected to be $1,397,928,000 for construction grants and
$940,930,000 for the SRF program.
Fifty SRF programs will be operating in 1991. Since the final appropriation
for construction grants ended in 1990, a total of 89 new construction grants
awards will be made from carryover and deobligated construction grants funds,
resulting in a total active workload of approximately 4,800 construction grants
projects at the end of 1991. Funding for the Indian grants set-aside under Title
II will remain available until expended. Making use of provisions under the SRF
program, states will have greater flexibility to use funds for nonpoint source,
ground-water and estuary programs after they have addressed first use
requirements for National Municipal Policy projects. The Section 604(b) set-
aside for water quality management activities under Title VI will continue.
13-3
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,991,720,000 from the
Construction Grants appropriation, which is evenly distributed between the
construction grants and SRF programs. The 1990 construction grants appropriation
includes $46,000,000 stipulated for Section V projects in Boston Harbor, Tijuana
and Des Moines.
Gross obligations for the construction grants program will total
approximately $765,817,000 and approximately $1,539,416,000 for the SRF program.
Net outlays will be approximately $1,836,934,000 for construction grants and
$525,734,000 for the SRF program. The 1990 funding level will result in a total
of 339 Title II grant awards and a total active workload of approximately 5,500
construction grants projects at the end of 1990. Section 205(g) management
assistance grants will continue to be a major source of funding for state
management of construction grants activities. The Agency is continuing to work
with states to establish plans to complete the construction grants program.
Funds under 518(c) will continue to be reserved for grants for the design and
construction of wastewater treatment works on Indian reservations.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, gross obligations totaled $1,389,237,300 for construction grants
and $1,142,000,000 for the SRF program. This funding supported 402 Title II
grant awards and resulted in a total active workload of 6,095 grant projects at
the end of 1989. Federal outlays totaled $2,186,826,836 for construction grants
and $163,000,000 for the SRF program. States obligated $49,700,000 under 205(g)
for management of delegated construction grants projects.
The 1989 Construction Grants appropriation included $68,000,000 which
Congress stipulated for Boston Harbor ($25,000,000), Des Moines ($20,000,000),
Tijuana ($20,000,000), and Oakwood Beach/Red Hook '($3,000,000) projects.
Authorizations for these activities are contained in Sections 513, 515, 510 and
512, respectively, of the Water Quality Act of 1987. The Agency worked with the
affected jurisdictions to develop plans for the use of these funds consistent
with their authorized purposes.
13-4
-------
14. SUPERFUMD
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND 14-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research 14-8
Scientific Assessment 14-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance . 14-18
Health Effects 14-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology 14-21
Environmental Processes and Effects 14-23
Technical Information and Liaison 14-24
Exploratory Research 14-25
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response 14-26
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 14-27
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-38
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-39
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-41
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 14-43
Department of Health and Human Services 14-45
United States Coast Guard 14-45
Department of Justice 14-49
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-50
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ........ 14-51
Department of the Interior 14-51
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 14-52
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 14-54
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-56
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations 14-62
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring 14-63
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-66
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .... 14-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-73
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants Management - Hqtrs . . 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants Management - Regions . 14-75
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions 14-76
Hazardous Substance Computer Services 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-78
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-80
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-82
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices 14-83
Hazardous Substance - ORD - Management and Support 14-84
-------
SUPERFUND
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Office of Inspector $6,612.3 $10,156.9 $10,057.9 $13,106.4 $3,048.5
General
Hazardous Substance 1537,052.0 1550,588.1 1530,228.1 1740,000.0 209,771.9
Superfund
TOTAL, Superfund 1543,664.3 1560,745.0 1540,286.0 1753,106.4 212,820.4
PERMANENT UORKYEARS 2,621.5 3,035.0 3,413.5 3,552.0 138.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS 2,799.4 3,535.0 3,535.0 3,552.0 17.0
OUTLAYS 958,195.0 1334,907.0 1330.631.0 1530,771.0 200,080.0
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
of 1986 authorizes a total of $8,500,000,000 for this
program for 1987 through 1991.
14-1
-------
SUPERFUND MEDIA OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
of 1980 (CERCLA) , as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (SARA), charges the Agency with the responsibility of providing emergency
response for hazardous substances released into the environment and the
remediation of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. The Hazardous Substance
Superfund finances the required activities to implement CERCLA primarily through
taxes levied on oil and chemical manufacturers, a chemical feed stock tax, a
corporate environmental tax, and general revenues.
The Agency will respond to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants,
and contaminants by either compelling potentially responsible parties (PRPs) to
undertake the response action or by conducting a removal or remedial action.
Removal actions are generally short-term responses taken to abate an immediate
threat posed by the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances. Remedial
actions involve long-term and more permanent remedies taken instead of, or in
addition to, removal actions. The program will continue to select sites for
remedial action from the National Priorities List (NPL) and to undertake all
response actions in accordance with the National Contingency Plan.
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the
program, CERCLA, Executive Order 12580, and SARA provide a clear mandate for the
Agency to work closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and the States
to carry out the Act. The Agency undertakes five major activities in
implementing the Superfund program: Enforcement, Hazardous Substance Response,
Interagency Support, Research and Development, and Management and Support. The
effective implementation of these activities involves close cooperation among
various Agency offices, the states, and other Federal agencies.
Enforcement-First Budget
The Agency's primary strategy is devoted to ensuring that PRPs respond to
environmental threats. This strategy involves efforts to identify PRPs in the
initial stages of site remediation. Through negotiated administrative
settlements for pre-remedial actions and settlements embodied in a Consent Decree
for remedial design and construction, the Agency will attempt to maximize PRP
response.
Where negotiations are unsuccessful, unilateral administrative orders are
issued to allow for treble damage claims if a Fund-financed response is required.
In some cases, a CERCLA Section 106 judicial action is undertaken to compel a
privately-financed response. In cases where PRPs do not respond in a timely
manner to requests for information, enforcement actions are taken. PRP responses
resulting from settlements and judgments will be managed, implemented, and
monitored for compliance and, where necessary, stipulated penalties will be
invoked. Throughout the stage prior to remedy selection, efforts will continue
to identify additional PRPs. Non-settlers will be vigorously pursued for cost
recovery, with the focus on cases subject to a statute of limitation deadline.
14-2
-------
The Agency will enter into agreements with the states to encourage their
active involvement in the Superfund program. Through these agreements, the
Agency will provide technical assistance as the states compel PRP response under
state authorities and oversee privately funded response actions. The enforcement
program will also provide oversight of response and technical assistance to other
Federal agencies that are addressing uncontrolled hazardous sites at facilities
owned or operated by that agency.
Response Actions Address Environmental Threats
The response program addresses two major goals: 1) to stabilize actual or
potential threats from releases of hazardous substances; and 2) to ensure that
environmental threats posed by uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are addressed
quickly and effectively.
The emphasis in 1991 will be to continue the shift to greater involvement
of PRPs in the response cleanup process. Growth in the response program will
occur as the Agency practices sound management within a finite budget. The
importance of several broad management systems and principles is emphasized to
provide for the effective and efficient use of resources. These include:
Integrated Remedial Action Timeline establishes clear goals for the timing of
enforcement decisions and identifies critical points at which actions must be
taken; Integrated Priority-Setting Matrix allows for systematic method of
allocating and funding resources according to Agency priorities; and Site/Case
Management Planning Process ensures that a site strategy is developed, agreed
to by managers, and carried out. Funding the most environmentally significant
projects first, while maintaining a balance of statutorily required actions and
highly visible ongoing projects and completions that build public confidence,
will also continue as a program goal.
EPA will continue to place an emphasis on preference for treatment
technologies and permanent remedies. Ranking factors will continue to be used
to prioritize construction projects currently funded by the Trust Fund. These
factors are based on protecting human health as the highest priority, and
mitigating actual threats to sensitive ecosystems and endangered species. The
priority ranking of a construction project increases as the risk occurs closer
in time. In addition, EPA will continue to focus its removal actions on
"classical emergencies" or time-critical responses where there is no PRP, state,
or local alternative. A lack of action on the Agency's part in these situations
could result in substantial harm to the public health and/or the environment.
Continued emphasis will be placed on greater state, Indian Tribe, and local
participation in all areas of emergency response.
Activities complementary to direct response actions will also be supported.
The Agency's Environmental Response Team will continue to provide training and
technical support to the Agency, state, and local government personnel. The
Agency will continue to operate a system for collecting comprehensive national
notification and response data on accidental releases of oil and hazardous
substances. Emphasis will continue on the transfer of research and other
technical information among decision makers, with emphasis on the transfer of
information concerning alternative technologies to land disposal.
14-3
-------
To ensure that Superfund response activities do not result in radiation
hazards or diminished air and water quality, the Office of Air and Radiation and
the Office of Water will continue to provide laboratory analyses, technical
assistance, and guidance to these efforts.
Special Expertise
The Agency integrates the efforts of the Departments of Health and Human
Services, Justice, Transportation, Commerce, Interior, Labor, and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as part of our requirement for SARA. In this
capacity, EPA manages an interagency budget process under Executive Order 12580,
signed by the President in January 1987. The activities of other Federal
agencies are divided into two basic categories. The first category includes
those activities which are episodic in nature and taken in direct support of
specific site or spill response actions. The second category of other Federal
agency involvement is support for on-going activities which are generally not
incident-specific. These activities include developing program policies and
guidance, conducting health research, training response personnel, litigating
civil and criminal cases, and providing scientific and technical advice to EPA
on-scene coordinators.
The Department of Health and Human Services provides the largest supporting
element to Superfund activities through the work of the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). ATSDR will: 1) provide health
assessments at NPL and non-NPL sites; 2) enhance and maintain toxicology data
bases for chemicals found at sites; and 3) provide health consultations for
emergency responses. NIEHS will continue its basic research grant program of
conducting biomedical studies investigating new and unique methodologies to
measure levels of exposure and its effects on humans and will continue the grant
program for training workers at hazardous waste sites.
Other Federal agencies will provide support for EPA as follows: the
Department of Justice will conduct litigation and provide legal advice to achieve
responsible party actions or cost recovery; FEMA will support permanent and
temporary relocation operations; and the U.S. Coast Guard will respond to spills
of hazardous substances in the coastal zone and Great Lakes waters and will
maintain the National Response Center. The agencies together enable EPA to carry
out an aggressive enforcement effort to respond more effectively and efficiently
to emergencies and long-term response actions.
Continuing Research
The Superfund Research program will support the Agency, states, and
industry in resolving technical problems which inhibit the effective
implementation of removal and remedial actions at Superfund sites. Research will
continue on alternative treatment technologies for use in cleanup actions under
the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program, evaluating naturally
occurring or improved microorganisms (biosystems) for their ability to degrade
hazardous substances, and technical support to Regions and states for ground
water modeling, sampling, and testing techniques.
14-4
-------
Ensuring Integrity of Trust Fund
The Agency will continue to decentralize the Superfund Contracting program
by placing the balance of Regional contracting officers in the field. This will
provide greater assurances that site-specific contracting needs are effectively
addressed. Likewise, the Agency will place Superfund Grants management personnel
in the Regions to manage and oversee Superfund Cooperative and Interagency
Agreements, and Technical Assistance Grants. The Agency will also continue to
increase its efforts to combat fraud, waste, and abuse in Superfund Federal
assistance and procurement programs.
Financial management services will continue to ensure the financial
integrity of Superfund site-specific cost accounting data and provide timely and
accurate reports to Regional and Headquarters managers. Other administrative
services will be enhanced in areas such as Superfund property management and
program systems development.
Consulting Services
The Superfund program uses consulting services to provide additional
technical expertise. Specifically, consultants are called upon to develop
designs for cost analysis research, models for remedial projects cost estimation,
and project management training courses for Enforcement and Remedial Project
Managers as well as On-Scene Coordinators.
14-5
-------
SUPERFUND
ACTUAL
1989
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Response Enforcement
106 Civil Actions 49
Remedial Administrative Orders . 31
Other Administrative Orders . . 187
Criminal Referrals 0
Criminal Investigations .... 2
Cost Recovery
107 Referrals 83
Administrative 67*
RESPONSE ACTIONS
Removal Actions
Fund Financed 236
PRP Response 85
Pre-Remedial Activities
Preliminary Assessments . . . 2,228
Site Inspections 1,732
Remedial Investigations
Feasibility Studies
Fund Financed 45
PRP Response 70
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed 37
PRP Response 67
Remedial Actions
Fund Financed 31
PRP Response 43
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1990 1991
86
'37
215
2
4
69
29
190
63
2,020
1,660
50
38
45
59
10
36
96
40
137
4
6
94
22
190
63
2,000
1,175
10
20
81
74
16
60
INCREASE (+)
DECREASE (-)
1991 VS 1990
+10
+ 3
-78
+2
+2
+25
- 7
0
0
-20
-485
-40
-18
+36
+15
+6
+24
* The 1989 actual includes voluntary cost recoveries and cost recoveries
resulting from demand letters.
14-6
-------
SUPERFUND
CURRENT INCREASE (+)
ACTUAL . ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1989 1990 1991 1991 VS 1990
Cumulative Outputs
ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
Response Enforcement
106 Civil Actions 191 277 373 +96
Remedial Administrative
Orders 108 145 185 +40
Other Administrative
Orders 663 879 1,016 +137
Criminal Referrals 0 2 6 +4
Criminal Investigations . . 10 14 20 +6
Cost Recovery
107 Referrals 319 388 482 +94
Administrative* 270 299 321 +22
Criminal Referrals
RESPONSE ACTIONS
Removal Actions
Fund Financed 1,270 1,460 1,650 +190
PRP Response 396 459 522 +63
Pre-Remedial Activities
Preliminary Assessments . . 29,714 31,136 33,136 +2,000
Site Inspections 10,863 12,464 13,639 +1,175
Remedial Investigations
Feasibility Studies
Fund Financed 530 580 590 +10
PRP Response 258 296 316 +20
Remedial Designs
Fund Financed 200 245 326 +81
PRP Response 148 207 281 +74
Remedial Actions
Fund Financed 135 148 164 +16
PRP Response 126 159 219 +60
* This activity includes administrative plus voluntary cost recoveries and
cost recoveries resulting from demand letters.
14-7
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research 14-8
Scientific Assessment 14-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance 14-18
Health Effects 14-20
Environmental Engineering and Technology 14-21
Environmental Processes and Effects 14-23
Technical Information and Liaison 14-24
Exploratory Research 14-25
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE «
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $4,154.5 $3,984.5 $4,481.2 $4,467.3 -$13.9
Superfund
TOTAL $4,154.5 $3,984.5 $4,481.2 $4,467.3 -$13.9
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $13,060.4 $12,558.2 $13,330.6 $13,568.0 $237.4
Superfund
TOTAL $13,060.4 $12,558.2 $13,330.6 $13,568.0 $237.4
Health Effects -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $3,904.8 $3,606.8 $3,566.7 $3,804.5 $237.8
Superfund
TOTAL $3,904.8 $3,606.8 $3,566.7 $3,804.5 $237.8
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $31,639.5 $30,355.3 $39,590.7 $31,303.9 -$8,286.8
Superfund
TOTAL $31,639.5 $30,355.3 $39,590.7 $31,303.9 -$8,286.8
Environmental Processes
& Effects -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $4,893.8 $4,919.8 $6,422.0 $7,488.5 $1,066.5
Superfund
TOTAL $4,893.8 $4,919.8 $6,422.0 $7,488.5 $1,066.5
Technical
Infomation And Liaison
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $798.7 $654.1 $1,686.1 $1,015.7 -$670.4
Superfund
TOTAL $798.7 $654.1 $1.686.1 $1,015.7 -$670.4
Exploratory Research -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance $14,701.9 $8,107.3 $8,679.5 $9,435.5 $756.0
Superfund
TOTAL $14,701.9 $8,107.3 $8,679.5 $9,435.5 $756.0
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $73,153.6 $64,186.0 $77,756.8 $71,083.4 -$6,673.4
Superfund
Hazardous Substances TOTAL $73,153.6 $64,186.0 $77,756.8 $71,083.4 -$6,673.4
Research
14-8
-------
ACTUAL
1989
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects -
Superfund
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Superfund
Environmental Processes
& Effects -
Superfund
Technical
Infomation And Liaison
Superfund
Exploratory Research -
Superfund
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
13.6
25.5
3.3
45.2
14.1
16.6 16.6
1.3
1.0
26.3 27.2
3.0
7.5
1.0
3.0
68.9 56.8
5.0
1.0
27.2
3.0
56.8
8.2 11.5 20.5 20.5
5.0
1.0
98.1 132.3 130.1 130.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Superfund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects -
Superfund
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Superfund
Environmental Processes
& Effects -
Superfund
1-5.0
26.2
3.3
47.5
14.1
16.6 16.6
26.3 27.2
3.0
3.0
68.9 56.8
27.2
3.0
56.8
8.2 11.5 20.5 20.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14-9
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substances Research
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT
1989 1990 ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical
Infomation And Liaison
Superfund
Exploratory Research -
Superfund
TOTAL WORKYEARS
2.1
1.0
103.3
7.5
1.0
5.0
1.0
132.3 130.1
5.0
1.0
130.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
14-10
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
Principle Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment
1991: o Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Scientific Assessment).
o Report on New Analytical Methods for Analyses Not Measurable by
Standard Techniques (Monitoring).
1990: o Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Scientific Assessment).
o Technical Guidance Document on Emerging Technology for the Treatment
of Metal-Bearing Wastes (Engineering).
1989: o Prototype Cost Engineering Models for Remedial Response Technologies
(Engineering).
Objective 2: Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites
1991: o Report on Radio Frequency Heating for Treatment of Soils Contaminated
with Wood Preserving Chemicals (Engineering).
o Construction Claims Advisor for Differing Site Conditions
(Engineering).
o Interim Report on Bioreactor Design for Treating CERCLA Leachates
(Engineering).
o Report on Uses of Isolated Natural Organisms to Enhance Bioremediation
of Mixed Hazardous Wastes (Environmental Processes).
1990: o Handbook on In-Situ Treatment of Hazardous Waste (Engineering).
o Report on Enhancing Biodegradation of a Gasoline Spill in Ground Water
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on a Field Demonstration of Using Nitrate to Bioremediate
Hazardous Wastes (Environmental Processes).
o Report on Development of Procedures for Biological Cleanup of
Trichloroethylene-contaminated Hazardous Waste Areas (Environmental
Processes).
1989: o Status Report on Best Demonstrated Available Technologies (BOAT) for
Superfund Wastes (Engineering).
for
14-11
-------
Objective 3: Provide Information on Personal Health. Protective Equipment. and
Procedures
1991: o Report on the Development of Methodology for Determining the
Reliability of Flexible Membrane Liners (Engineering).
1990: o Interim Report on Improvement of Worker Safety via Robotics,
Automation, and Task Modification (Engineering).
1989: o Technical Report on the Evaluation of Personal Hazard Detectors for
Highly Toxic Chemicals (Engineering).
Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts
1991: o Reportable Quantity Chapters for Health and Environmental Effects
Documents; and Independent Reportable Quantities Documentation for
Carcinogenicity and Chronic Health Effects (Scientific Assessment).
1990: o Reportable Quantity Chapters for Health and Environmental Effects
Documents; and Independent Reportable Quantities Documentation for
Carcinogenicity and Chronic Health Effects (Scientific Assessment).
1989: o Reportable Quantity Chapters for Health and Environmental Effects
Documents; and Independent Reportable Quantities Documentation for
Carcinogenicity and Chronic Health Effects (Scientific Assessment).
Objective 5: Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program, and Regional
Offices
1991: o Report on the Use of Canister Based Samples for Air Pathway Monitoring
Volitales as Superfund Sites (Monitoring).
o Report on Plants That Can Be Used as Sentinel Species for
Phytotoxicity at Superfund Sites (Environmental Processes).
o Report on Use of DNA Adjuncts as a Measure of Exposure of Wildlife
at Superfund Sites (Environmental Processes).
1990: o Report on Exposure and Ecological Risk Assessment Methodologies
(Environmental Processes).
o User's Manual on Use of Geostatistical Models for Managing Soil and
Water Contamination (Environmental Processes).
o Report on Application of Biomarkers for Characterizing Complex
Mixtures at Marine Superfund Sites (Environmental Processes).
1989: o Engineering Research Symposia for Selected Regions (Engineering).
o Report on New Bedford Harbor Pilot Dredging Study (Environmental
Processes).
14-12
-------
o Report on Performance Evaluation of Pump-and-Treat Remediations
(Environmental Processes).
o Report on Lake Ontario TCDD Modeling Study (Environmental Processes) .
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program Requirements
1991: o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract Laboratory
Program (Monitoring).
1990: o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract Laboratory
Program (Monitoring).
1989: o Annual Report on Quality Assurance Support to the Contract Laboratory
Program (Monitoring).
Objective 7: Provide Technology Transfer
1991: o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Technical
Information).
1990: o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Technical
Information).
1989: o Annual Report on Technology Transfer Activities (Technical
Information).
Objective 8: Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research. Development and
Demonstration
1991: o Reports on Evaluations Conducted Under the SITE Program (Engineering) .
o SITE Annual Report to Congress (Engineering).
1990: o SITE Annual Report to Congress (Engineering).
o Annual Report on Development and Demonstration of Immunoassay
Detection System for Rapid Screening at Superfund Sites (Monitoring).
1989: o SITE Annual Report to Congress (Engineering).
o Report on Ten SITE Program Demonstrations and Applications Analyses
(Engineering).
Objective 9: Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and
Detection Research
1991: o Tiered test scheme for evaluating the neurotoxic potential of
Superfund substances (Health).
14-13
-------
1990: o Evaluation of Pentachlorophenol Immunoassay (Monitoring).
o Chemical mixtures health research strategy (Health).
1989: o Graphic activity profiles for the third group of hazardous substances
(Health).
Objective 10: Manage University Hazardous Substance Research Centers
1991: o Annual Report on the Hazardous Substance Research Centers.
1990: o Annual Report on the Hazardous Substance Research Centers.
1989: o Annual Report on the Hazardous Substance Research Centers.
14-14
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $71,083,400 supported by 130.1 total
workyears for 1991, a decrease of $6,673,400 and no change in total workyears over
1990. The request will only be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The decrease in funding reflects the one time add in 1990 to
implement the 90 day Management Review recommendations.
Program Objectives
The Superfund research and development program provides a core of scientific
and technical information to support implementation of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended by the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) . The research program
concentrates on assessing the health and environmental risks posed by Superfund
sites and on evaluating equipment and techniques for discovering, assessing,
preventing, removing, and disposing of hazardous substances released into the
environment.
Objective 1: Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation
Assessment. This research provides techniques and procedures to allow on-site
coordinators and remedial project managers to quickly and effectively assess the
degree of hazard posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites.
Objective 2: Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. This
research program develops and evaluates technologies which are not ready for field
application and require additional lab development. These technologies are being
developed as tools for cleanup under the Superfund program. This development
activity must be carried out by the Agency because of the low commercial interest,
low potential for profit, or because of the high economic risks associated with
the development of the technology.
Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. This
research supports Superfund regulatory efforts by ranking and assigning Reportable
Quantities (RQ) to chemicals based upon either carcinogenicity or chronic health
effects information. This information is used by the program office to adjust
reportable quantities for these chemicals.
Objective 5: Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional
Offices. This research provides review of remedial action design, implementation
plans, and review of new data submitted by liable parties for specific site
problems. Review and technical expertise is also provided to the Enforcement
program and Regional offices.
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program
Requirements. This research program provides extensive support to the National
Contract Laboratory Program. Activities include development and promulgation of
analytical methods to measure and characterize samples from Superfund sites, and
review and evaluation of quality assurance and quality control plans.
14-15
-------
Objective 7: Provide Technology Transfer. This research program
distributes information to the Program office, Regions, States and local
authorities to assist them in Superfund site cleanups.
Objective 8: Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research.
Development and Demonstration. This research program fulfills the Agency's
responsibility under SARA Section 311(b) to carry out a comprehensive program of
research, development, and demonstration for the purpose of promoting the
commercialization of innovative and alternative treatment, and monitoring
technologies.
Objective 9: Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research.
This research program fulfills the Agency's responsibility under SARA Section
311(c) to carry out a comprehensive program of research and development to enhance
the Agency's scientific capabilities to detect, assess, and evaluate effects on,
and risks to, human health from hazardous substances.
Objective 10: Manage University Hazardous Substance Research Centers. This
program funds research and training related to the manufacture, use,
transportation, disposal, and management of hazardous substances through a
university based centers program as authorized under SARA Section 311(d).
Objective 11: Alternative/Innovative Treatment Technology Test Facility.
This research will provide the funds to establish the Test and Evaluation facility
at Edison, NJ, by providing required monitoring, emissions control, and other
equipment for the facility.
Objective 13: Conduct Research at the Gulf Coast Hazardous Waste Research
Center. The Gulf Coast Hazardous Waste Research Center is a university-based
research center comprised of eight institutions of higher education and located
at Lamar University. Under joint Agency and state funding, it will conduct
hazardous waste research on issues indigenous to the Gulf Coast area.
Objective 14: Superfund Scientific Instrumentation. This research provides
support for scientific instrumentation and equipment.
Objective 15: Small Business Innovative Research. This research program
provides contracted funds to small businesses to develop innovative proposals
which are relevant to the Agency's mission and which appear feasible.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,467,300 supported by 16.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $13,900 in funding and no change
in total workyears.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Site-
, chemical-, and situation-specific exposure assessment and risks assessments will
be prepared to assist the Superfund program office, the Enforcement office, and
Regions in evaluating the degree of hazard at uncontrolled waste sites during
14-16
-------
the remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) process. Specific
activities will include the preparation of health and environmental effects
assessments and provisions of risk assessment advice on a rapid turnaround (48-
hour) basis.
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. Chemical-specific health
effects documentation (cancer and other chronic effects) will be provided to the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) for use in adjusting the
Reportable Quantity amounts for various hazardous substances. These two risk
categories are among those which are considered by the program office in adjusting
Reportable Quantity amounts of given hazardous substances to reflect the potential
hazard associated with their release into the environment.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Progrpfn and Regional Offices.
Site- and chemical-specific health assessments will be prepared to assess the
relative health risk associated with remedial activities at Superfund sites at
which Enforcement has the lead for implementing remedial responses. The Regional
Risk Assessment Review Group will conduct reviews of risk assessments submitted
by EPA Regional offices. A Technical Support Center for health and risk
assessment provides site-specific assistance to Regional, State, and local
officials.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. Scientific assessment research will develop toxicity assessments, risk
characterization, and exposure assessment techniques. Screening techniques for
early detection of adverse health effects, and improved measurement techniques
for non-cancer health end-points will be developed. An extensive program of
pharmacokinetics modeling, exposure assessment methodology development, and
assessment methodology for chemical mixtures is planned.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,481,200 supported by 16.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Site-, chemical-, and situation-specific exposure and risk assessments are
being prepared to assist Superfund operations, Enforcement, and the Regional
offices in evaluating alternative cleanup decisions at uncontrolled Superfund
sites. Activities include development of health effects assessments, and
provision of risk assessment advice on a rapid turnaround basis. Chemical-
specific data are being provided on carcinogenicity and on chronic effects to
support the Superfund activities necessary to adjust or establish the Reportable
Quantities (RQ) for hazardous substances. The Regional Risk Assessment Review
Group continues to operate. A Technical Support Center for health and risk
assessment is being established.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,154,500 supported by 15.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
The research program office produced approximately 50 health and
14-17
-------
environmental effects documents, 50 rapid response health assessments, and 250
carcinogenic and chronic health effects documents for many hazardous substances
to support Reportable Quantity adjustment. The research program assisted with
health and risk assessments of sites for the Enforcement office. Thirteen
toxicological profiles were completed in 1989.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,568,000 supported by 27.2 total workyears
for this program, which will only be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $237,400 and no change in total
workyear. The increase reflects additional support for field sampling quality
assurance research, and also provides for increased personnel and support costs.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment.
Monitoring procedures for all media will be evaluated, validated, and
standardized. Analytical protocols, sampling techniques, and data interpretation
approaches will be prepared. Techniques to be investigated include air monitoring
techniques for ambient and source sampling, sample preparation methods, automated
data transfer techniques, geophysical methods, and remote sensing techniques.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.
Site-specific technical assistance, monitoring, and characterization support will
be provided to the program and Regional offices in response to their needs for
accurate and precise site-specific data. This will include providing aerial
imagery, photographic interpretation, and maps for pre- and post remedial site
assessment. Oversight reviews for the monitoring portions of settlement
agreements will be provided. In addition, support will be provided in the areas
of ground water sampling, network design, use of geophysical techniques, and
analytical methods.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. Support for field sampling quality assurance research will be
increased. This research will document and improve the precision and accuracy
of field aspects of data collection methods used for all media at Superfund sites.
The research program office will continue to develop advanced field monitoring
techniques for measurement of hazardous substances. Technologies which are now
primarily used in the laboratory will be adapted and further developed for field
use to provide techniques and methods that allow more focused, complete,
expedient, and cost-effective field monitoring for common hazardous substances
at Superfund sites. The application of these in-the-field monitoring techniques
and methods will accelerate site cleanup and reduce costs. Research activities
will focus on the development, evaluation, and standardization of field analytical
and sampling methods; development of cost effective sampling designs and
approaches; and development of techniques for managing and interpreting field
data. Immunoassay systems for screening single compounds or classes of compounds,
field portable systems such as fiber optics chemical sensors, and x-ray
fluorescence will be targeted for activity. Since volatile organic compounds are
the most common contaminants at Superfund sites, initial analytical and sampling
efforts will focus on these compounds. New screening methods for exposure
assessment (exposure biomarkers) will be developed.
14-18
-------
Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program Requirements.
Quality assurance support will be provided to the Contract Laboratory Program
(CLP) to ensure that data of known and documented quality are used in the
Superfund program. A quality assurance program provides the basis for determining
the accuracy of data used to make operational decisions. Quality assurance
reference materials, such as calibration standards, quality control samples and
performance evaluation samples will be prepared and distributed according to
uniform and consistent protocols, for analysis by contract laboratories. The
analytical data generated by the laboratories are audited in order to assess
intra- and inter-laboratory performance and methods performance. This data is
maintained in the Quality Assurance/Quality Control Data Base. Pre-award and
post-award on-site contract laboratory inspections are performed to complement
the performance evaluations.
Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research. Development and
Demonstration. Resources in 1991 will be used to demonstrate and evaluate
innovative monitoring technologies. This will be a cooperative program with the
private sector to determine technology applicability to Superfund site assessment
and pollutant characterization. Monitoring techniques lacking private sector
support, which are not ready for demonstration, and will also be evaluated and
further developed for validation and demonstration. Technologies to be
investigated will be selected from candidates currently being researched and/or
developed in the private sector.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,330,600 supported by 27.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Innovative technologies and approaches that offer potentially significant
cost and time savings to Superfund site investigations are being given priority.
A range of technologies meeting the above criteria will be studied in the area
of advanced field monitoring methods, including field portable x-ray technology
for metals detection, fiber optic technology for in-situ ground water monitoring,
immunoassay methods for organics detection, field portable gas chromatography for
volatile organics monitoring, and canister-based air samplers for detection of
volatile organics. Field sampling quality assurance research has been introduced
in 1989. This research effort will focus on developing standardized sampling
guidance and audit procedures. Site and situation assessment procedures, such
as analytical protocols, sample preparation procedures, and data interpretation
procedures are being developed, evaluated, or demonstrated. Site-specific
technical assistance will continue to be provided in numerous areas, including
remote sensing, geophysical support, sampling and monitoring, and Geographic
Information Systems (CIS). Quality assurance support will also be provided in
1990. Pre- and post-award on-site contract laboratory inspections are being
performed to complement the performance evaluation studies.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $13,060,400 supported by 26.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
14-19
-------
Site-specific technical assistance was provided by the research program
office during 1989. Topographic maps and aerial images (photographs) were
analyzed as part of the program's remote sensing support. Support continued to
enhance user competency of Geographic Information Systems (CIS). The research
program office also provided quality assurance support, including reference
materials, performance evaluation samples, and laboratory audits to EPA Regional
offices.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,804,500 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $237,800 in funding and no change
in total workyears. This increase reflects expanded support for research on
bioavailability parameters, and increased personnel and support costs.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. This research program provides improved evaluation measures and data
to detect, assess, and evaluate human health risk from hazardous substances at
Superfund sites. This research includes providing methods to evaluate the hazard
potential of waste mixtures, screening techniques for early detection of adverse
health effects, and identification and improvement of measures of health
endpoints, particularly non-cancer endpoints such as reproductive effects and
neurotoxicity. Results will be used to assist Remedial project managers in
assessment of risks at sites, to update the Superfund Human Health Evaluation
Manual, and to provide guidance on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability parameters
in risk assessment.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,566,700 supported by 3.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1990, the health effects research program is working to provide methods
to detect, assess, and evaluate the risks to human health from hazardous
substances associated with Superfund sites. Test methods (integrated bioassay
protocol) developed for the evaluation of hazard potential of waste mixtures are
being applied to test single and mixtures of chemicals in order to evaluate
constraints to apply to the additivity assumptions now used in mixtures risk
assessment. Research continues to focus on improving the Superfund risk
assessment process and is coordinated with the scientific assessment program and
activities of the Program office, as well as, with the research activities of both
the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). In addition, an in-situ assay
is being developed for use in post-cleanup toxics assessment at Superfund sites.
Biological markers are being developed to assess relationships between exposure,
dose absorbed, and target tissue dose.
14-20
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,904,800 supported by 3.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Development was completed on an integrated bioassay protocol for multiple
health endpoints. A symposium was held on the in-situ evaluation of effects of
hazardous substances, dose measurement techniques, and development of methods
for predicting neurotoxic effects from complex mixtures.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $31,303,900 supported by 56.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $8,286,800 and no change in total
workyears. The decrease reflects the combined effects of several factors.
Funding for the Gulf Coast Research Center was eliminated and support for
evaluating Superfund cleanup technologies, treatability studies, and technical
support to response and cleanup activities was reduced due to the decision to
allocate Superfund resources to higher priority research.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment.
Engineering expertise and assessment procedures will be provided to assist the
Superfund program in RI/FS studies at specified Superfund sites. Information will
be provided on the cost and effectiveness of remedial action technologies for
specific sites based on data collected from surveys and technology evaluations.
Emphasis will be placed on the development of support tools to assist with RI/FS
activities. Information will be provided on the biochemistry and genetics of PCB
degradation by bacteria, and on the evaluation of solidification techniques for
hazardous waste treatment.
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Development and
evaluation of Superfund cleanup technologies will be supported at a lower level.
Evaluations will be conducted on technologies which are being developed as cleanup
tools for Superfund sites but which are not yet at the stage of being available
for field application. Research activities will continue to focus on technologies
involving extraction, degradation and/or detoxification, immobilization studies
for solidification and/or stabilization of contaminated material combustion
research, biosystems and/or stabilization biosystems technology, in-situ
techniques for large municipal waste NPL sites, cross-media impacts of
technologies, and BDAT development of Superfund wastes. Increased emphasis will
be placed on biosystems research due to its potential to significantly reduce the
cost of site cleanups and because the private sector has shown limited interest
because of the high economic risks.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.
Technical support will be provided at a reduced level to Agency and State
personnel on engineering issues that arise during emergency and remedial responses
at Superfund sites for case support. Information from Superfund research will
be provided to ensure that the latest available procedures and technologies are
14-21
-------
employed.
Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research. Development and
Demonstration. The innovate treatment technology demonstration program (SITE)
will focus on separation, chemical stabilization, detoxification, and destruction
technologies that provide potential for improvement in cleanup at Superfund sites.
SITE is composed of a field demonstration and evaluation component, an emerging
technology component that cost shares development of promising technological ideas
from the concept stage to pilot scale demonstration, and a technology transfer
component which consists of project evaluation reporting and the SITE
clearinghouse. Ten additional field demonstrations will be conducted and eight
new emerging technologies projects will be added.
Conduct Research at the Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center.
This Center was jointly funded by EPA and the State of Texas through a cooperative
agreement to research hazardous waste technological issues indigenous to the Gulf
Coast area. It is a consortium of eight institutions of higher education, with
Lamar University serving as grantor. No funding is included for the Center in
1991, due to the need to allocate limited Superfund research resources to higher
priority programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $39,590,700 supported by 56.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1990, the engineering research program is working to provide improved
and innovative technologies for cleaning up Superfund sites more economically.
There is expanded research into the use of biological degradation (biosystems)
for such cleanups. The SITE information clearinghouse is being expanded by the
addition of a computer system that integrates all components of the clearinghouse.
Ten additional SITE field demonstration projects are planned and eight new
emerging technology projects will be selected for evaluation. The 1991
solicitation will be made in 1990 and call for projects that deal with treatment
of contaminated soils and sludge. Equipment for the Test and evaluation Facility
will be procured.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $31,639,500 supported by 47.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
During 1989, the research program provided engineering technical support
to review site assessment and feasibility plans and advise on remedial action were
demonstrated. Research continued on the demonstration of in-situ control
technologies with focus on activities in the most promising combined systems at
field-scale application. Research continued in the SITE program to demonstrate
on-site control technologies that can extract, degrade, detoxify, or immobilize
contaminants. Field demonstrations were completed in the area of thermal
extraction technologies, solidification and/or stabilization, in-situ vacuum
extraction, and solvent extraction. Emerging technologies projects were
initiated.
14-22
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,488,500 supported by 20.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,066,500 and no change in
workyears. The increase reflects additional resources for technical support for
subsurface modeling for the Superfund research program, ecological risk
assessment, and for increased personnel and support costs.
Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Environmental
processes research will be conducted on the cleanup potential of in-situ
biodegradation techniques (biosystems) related to contaminated soils and ground
water. Research activities in this area are integrated with biosystems research
in the engineering program and is an integral part of the efforts needed to bring
these new, less costly, cleanup technologies to the field for use in achieving
permanent site remediation as required by SARA. Research activities will include
characterizing the subsurface biological, chemical, and physical processes that
promote in-situ bio-remediation; environmentally enhancing the metabolic
capabilities of indigenous microorganisms for biodegradation; and genetically
manipulating microorganisms to design microbial strains with novel and enhanced
biodegradation characteristics. Research will also focus on the ecological effects
that might be associated with these biodegradation technologies. Potential
environmental and health effects associated with genetically engineered organisms
will be evaluated.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.
Additional technical support will be provided to Agency and State personnel on
the use of subsurface models, sampling and analytical techniques, assessment of
contaminated marine coastal areas, development of exposure/risk assessment
methodologies, and the application of bioassessment protocols for determining the
toxicity of contaminated sites and samples. Evaluation of subsurface processes
leading to mobilization and remediation of contaminant in soil and ground water
will be significantly increased. The bioassessment protocol will be applied at
actual Superfund sites for validation of the technique under rigorous, complex
waste situations. These activities are needed to support program office
activities to prioritize sites on the basis of their risk.
Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research. A new
program will develop, evaluate, and document methods for estimating ecological
risks posed by hazardous waste spills and/or sites, and for determining the
relative risk reduction afforded by various cleanup options.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,422,000 supported by 20.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Research is being initiated on the cleanup potential of in-situ
biodegradation techniques related to contaminated soils and ground water. This
research is closely coordinated with the engineering evaluations of techniques
to prevent the migration of hazardous substances into ground water, and will be
14-23
-------
instrumental in determining whether biodegradation methods are potentially cost-
effective alternatives to soil excavation or withdrawal, and treatment of
contaminated ground water. Technical support is being provided to Agency and
State staffs for site- and case-specific issues.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,893,800 supported by 8.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
During 1989, technical support was provided in response to specific requests
from EPA Regions, Enforcement, and States on ground water sampling, analyses, data
interpretation, and site-specific modeling. Plume movement and biological
stabilization of subsurface contaminants were evaluated, and uptake of
contaminants by fish was studied.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,015,700 and 5.0 total workyear for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $670,400 and no change total workyears. The
decrease in funding reflects the one time add in 1990 to implement the 90 day
Management Review recommendations.
Provide Technology Transfer. This activity provides technology transfer
and training assistance on issues relevant to the Superfund cleanup program for
the Program office, EPA Regions, and States.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,686,100 supported by 5.0
total workyear for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substances
Superfund appropriation.
This research program is coordinating technology transfer activities, and
delivering technological information and training to the Program office, Regions,
States and contractors responsible for cleanup activities. This activity enhances
the effective, timely, and efficient planning of permanent solutions in Superfund
response actions.
1989 Accomplishments'
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $798,700 supported by 2.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
This research program developed mechanisms to coordinate ORD technology
transfer activities, and delivered technological information to the program
office, Regions, States and contractors responsible for cleanup activities.
14-24
-------
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,435,500 and 1.0 total workyear for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substances Superfund
appropriation. The increase of $756,000 will support additional resources for
scientific instrumentation, targeted research grants, the Research Centers
program, Small Business Innovative Research, and to provide for increased
personnel and support costs. There is no change in total workyears.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. Targeted grants in the area of in-situ treatment of hazardous waste
and monitoring for Superfund site assessments will be awarded. In addition,
targeted grants in two new areas of research relevant to the Superfund program
will be initiated. Approximately ten new grants will be awarded in 1991.
Manage University Hazardous Substances Research Centers. Five competitive
Hazardous Substances Research Centers will continue to fund research and training
in areas related to the manufacture, use, transportation, disposal, and management
of hazardous substances. This research program is considered by EPA to be an
important part of the overall multidisciplinary research program to address
health, environmental, and engineering issues associated with hazardous
substances. This university based program will foster the application of academic
expertise in basic research to Superfund issues.
Superfund Scientific Instrumentation. This research program provides
scientific instrumentation support to ORD research. Resources for 1991 will
purchase needed equipment such as gas and high pressure liquid chromatographs,
emission spectrometers, and other bench testing equipment and instruments.
Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR). This research program provides
contracted funds to small businesses to develop innovative proposals which are
relevant to the Agency's mission and which appear feasible. This research program
is mandated by the Small Business Innovative Research Act. The SBIR program will
focus on projects in control technology or process instrumentation development.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,679,500 supported by 1.0
workyears for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
In 1990, a targeted grants program is funding research on hazardous waste
abatement and control with the focus on heavy metal removal technologies. Support
for the University Hazardous Substances Research Centers was continued.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $14,701,900 supported by 1.0
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Five competitive Hazardous Substance Research Centers were established to
14-25
-------
perform long-term and short-term research, as well as technology transfer
activities related to the manufacture, use, transportation, disposal, and
management of hazardous substances. Twelve new targeted research grants were
awarded with the focus on biodegradation of hazardous substances at Superfund
sites.
14-25.1
-------
Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response 14-26
Hazardous Spill and Site Response 14-27
Hazardous Substance Response - Support 14-38
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water 14-39
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation . . 14-41
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency 14-43
Department of Health and Human Services 14-45
United States Coast Guard 14-45
Department of Justice 14-49
Federal Emergency Management Agency 14-50
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14-51
Department of the Interior 14-51
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 14-52
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
Hazardous Substance 1114,446.9 1149,593.4 1062,634.2 1258,772.7 196,138.5
Superfund
TOTAL 1114,446.9 1149,593.4 1062,634.2 1258,772.7 196,138.5
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance 1114,446.9 1149,593.4 1062,634.2 1258,772.7 196,138.5
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL 1114,446.9 1149,593.4 1062,634.2 1258,772.7 196,138.5
Response
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site 1,077.2 831.7 1,239.7 1,293.5 53.8
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 1,077.2 831.7 1,239.7 1,293.5 53.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill & Site 1,146.0 1,331.7 1,294.4 1,293.5 -.9
Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS 1,146.0 1,331.7 1,294.4 1,293.5 -.9
14-26
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental Protection Agency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,258,772,700 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Of the resources, $77,625,800 will be for
administrative expenses to support 1,293.5 total workyears. This resource level
represents an increase of $196,138,500 and a decrease of 0.9 total workyears from
1990. The increase in funds will be used to carry out response activities at
projects in the design and construction phases of the remedial process.
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,062,634,200 from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. Of these resources, $70,857,700
is for administrative expenses to support 1,294.4 total workyears.
In 1989, the Agency obligated $1,114,446,900 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund. Of these resources, $63,002,400 was for administrative expenses to
support 1,146.0 total workyears.
PRE-REMEDIAL PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $76,629,700 for the Pre-remedial Program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $6,504,300 from 1990 levels. The majority of these resources support
preliminary assessments (PA) and site inspection (SI) activities conducted at
potential Superfund sites. Sis were decreased by 400 and Listing Site
Inspections (LSI) by 75 in order to fund activities already in the remedial
pipeline.
In the first full year after the implementation of the revised Hazard
Ranking System (HRS), EPA will focus on training and execution of the HRS.
Priorities will be given to the following activities: 1) conducting training
programs for the Pre-remedial staff, state and tribal personnel, and appropriate
contractors; 2) continuing to handle PAs at all sites within one year of listing
in the program's CERCLA Information System (CERCLIS); 3) performing screening
site inspections at all sites recommended for further evaluation based on their
relative potential environmental impact; and 4) conducting LSIs at the highest
priority sites determined likely to score above the revised HRS cutoff.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $83,134,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for the Pre-remedial Program. The Agency is
making steady progress toward eliminating the SI backlog while stressing its
commitment to complete response activities at pre-Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) sites according to the "worst sites first" strategy.
In addition, the program will continue to: 1) conduct PAs within a year of
listing in CERCLIS; .1) implement a "no hiatus" policy in conducting Sis during
14-27
-------
the transition to the revised HRS; 3) review all completed Sis to determine which
sites require a LSI or the development of HRS listing packages; 4) evaluate the
Multi-Site Cooperative Agreements (MSCA) ; 5) encourage state and Indian Tribe
participation in the development of Pre-remedial guidance; and 6) use the Field
Investigation Team and states to conduct site assessment work.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $76,217,000 for the Pre-remedial
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program has
completed 2,228 PAs at potential Superfund sites and reviewed 66 PAs conducted
by other agencies to ensure their compliance with CERCLA and SARA. At the end
of September 1989, EPA had conducted 1,675 Sis, exceeding the target of 1,250.
In addition, the program reviewed 57 Sis at Federal facilities and scored 25
sites using the HRS. EPA completed 101 site listings for the NPL and proposed
an additional 65 sites for listing.
As of September 30, 1989, the following items have been accomplished since
the start of the Superfund program. At the 31,904 Superfund sites which have
been entered into CERCLIS, the program has completed PAs at 29,714 (96 percent).
The program has conducted Sis at 10,863 facilities, representing 34 percent of
those facilities which have had a PA. A recent analysis shows that 14,341 sites
have evidenced no need for further action. At the end of 1989, 2,075 sites have
been scored by the HRS. The number of sites which are currently on the NPL is
1,225, of which 337 are proposed for final listing. Federal facilities account
for five percent of the NPL facilities to date.
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY (RI/FS)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $55,650,000 for this program from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of
$42,850,000 from 1990 levels. The Agency plans to shift resources from RI/FS
to support the remedial projects that will be ready for construction or are in
the construction phase of the remedial process.
EPA will start a modest number of RI/FSs to improve EPA's bargaining
position with potentially responsible parties (PRPs). Resources will also
support several large scale projects and ongoing RI/FS activities. Workyear
allocations in this program will support increased interaction with the
community, enhanced supervision of direct site activities, and increased
oversight of contractors. The program will also build upon the National
Contingency Plan (NCP) and the initiatives of the Administrator's Superfund
Management Review (SMR). Guidance will be developed to streamline the operation
of the Superfund program. This will be accomplished by making procedures and
requirements clearer and more routine, and providing "model" products that can
be used with minimal additional work.
14-28
-------
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $98,500,000 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. In the third year of the
strategy to fully-fund all RI/FSs, the Agency is planning to initiate new Fund-
financed RI/FSs at 50 projects and to start subsequent RI/FSs at 25 projects.
Federal employees will conduct 16 of these RI/FSs using primarily in-house
technical expertise. This initiative, which is fully implemented for the first
time in 1990, is a training exercise designed to improve the efficiency and
promote cost effectiveness in the RI/FS program.
The Agency is utilizing the issued guidance and technical assistance
regarding the use of applicable relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs).
ARARs is currently being applied to standards-setting, as well as on early
actions, streamlined RI/FSs, health risk assessment (public health evaluation),
environmental evaluation, and implementation of the new remedy selection process.
EPA is enhancing the quality control of risk assessment activities during the
RI/FS phase. In addition, the RI/FS Program underscores the importance of the
evaluation and selection of alternative technologies and the use of on-site
technologies. Treatability studies, funded from the Remedial Support Program,
are an important part of the RI/FS and ensure that adequate data exist to
effectively evaluate each technology prior to remedy selection.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $96,900,000 for this program from
the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. At the end of 1989, first
RI/FSs were initiated at 45 sites, and 32 subsequent RI/FSs were started.
Through the end of the year, 55 first and 26 subsequent Fund-financed Records
of Decision (ROD) were signed at NPL sites. The program also implemented the
guidance for the NCP entailing a site specific balancing process in which nine
criteria are analyzed to make a decision concerning the final remedy selection
for a project.
REMEDIAL DESIGN (RD)/REMEDIAL ACTION (RA)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $618,975,000 for the RD and RA stages of
the Remedial Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
total amount includes $31,875,000 for projects with PRP oversight and
$587,100,000 for Fund-financed projects. This request represents an increase
of $236,237,500 to support additional new and ongoing remedial design and
construction activities from 1990 levels.
The program will initiate 200 designs at remedial projects. Of these,
102 will be conducted by PRPs. RAs will commence at 124 projects with PRPs
financing 85 of these projects. EPA estimates that the PRPs will assume almost
70 percent of design and construction work in 1991. The Hazardous Substance
Superfund will assume responsibility for all projects where PRP response is not
achieved.
14-29
-------
The Agency will continue to implement management initiatives related to
the remedial program which include: 1) implementing improvements to expedite
the remedial design and construction process; 2) expanding support to Regional
contracting programs and establishing contracting cost controls; 3) ensuring
adequate administrative support for Remedial Project Managers (RPMs); and 4)
providing necessary training for RPMs. The Agency will continue to implement
management initiatives begun during 1989 to improve the retention, preparation,
and recruitment of RPMs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $382,737,500 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The RA prioritization criteria, developed during 1989, will be fully
implemented in 1990. Environmental prioritization is the primary consideration
in determining what sites are supported for Fund-financed construction. The
prioritization criteria are based on the following principles: 1) protection of
human health ; 2) actual threats to sensitive ecosystems and endangered species;
and 3) increased priority as the risk becomes closer in time. In order for
Regions to propose sites, they must have conducted the following activities:
1) a thorough PRP search; 2) an evaluation of large scale projects to determine
whether aspects of the project can be partially funded without increasing cost
or risk to health or the environment; 3) a determination that the project will
be ready for construction when funds become available; and 4) a confirmation that
the state has signed the Superfund State Contract to pay its share of the
construction costs.
The Trust Fund fully supports the oversight of PRP work, all ongoing
construction activity, long-term maintenance of remediated sites, and projects
receiving both Federal and private funds. Designs are scheduled to take place
at 154 remedial projects; PRPs are financing the design at 83 of these projects.
The program will also start remedial actions at 75 projects; PRPs are expected
to conduct 55 of these actions. The Agency also performs long-term activities
at these sites, after the RA is completed, to ensure that the hazardous
condition(s) has been effectively remedied.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $457,692,200 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program initiated
remedial design activity at 154 projects and began final remedial designs at 77
projects. As of September 30, 1989, remedial design activity has been initiated
at 374 NPL sites.
The program began on-site remedial action at 178 NPL sites, surpassing
the statutory requirement to start 175 since SARA's enactment. Of these, the
program initiated 74 first RA starts during 1989, exceeding the end-of-year
target of 67. Forty-three of the starts were PRP-financed and 31 were Fund-
financed. Final remedial action was initiated at 34 NPL sites, over the end-
of-year target of 33. Twenty-three of these actions were PRP-financed. The
program deleted six sites from the NPL.
14-30
-------
As of September 30, 1989, the following items have been accomplished since
the start of the Superfund program. The program has remedies in place at 259
NPL sites. Of these 259 sites, 139 (54 percent) are Fund-financed. Construction
has been completed at 52 NPL sites. The program has deleted 28 sites from the
NPL. Post-closure monitoring will be continued at the remaining sites to provide
the remedy verification needed for future deletion from the NPL.
REMOVAL ACTIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests $104,500,000 for the Removal Program from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. Resources will be used to remove hazardous
substances at 110 classic and time-critical emergencies at NPL sites. In
addition, 80 removals will be conducted at non-NPL sites. The program will
remain at a stable level of activity from 1990 with no major changes in policy
or direction.
The Agency will continue to use the expanded removal authorities for
emergency actions. The Removal Program will remain in a steady state as it
continues to stabilize NPL sites where significant threats exist while additional
long-term response is being considered. Top priority will continue to be given
to: classic emergencies involving incidents (e.g., threats of fire or explosion)
where response is generally necessary within a matter of hours; time-critical
removals at sites on the NPL, to make these sites safe from immediate threats
while they await remedial action; and time-critical removals at non-NPL sites
posing major health and environmental threats which cannot be addressed by other
authorities.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating $105,250,000 for removal actions from the
Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These efforts enable the Agency
to take immediate action to protect public health and the environment without
waiting for the completion of a long-term analysis of the site or the results
of more detailed site assessments. In addition to responding to emergencies,
removals are taken where an immediate response is not critical, but some early
response is necessary to protect public health or the environment. The Agency
is planning to provide emergency responses at 190 major hazardous substance
releases.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $106,401,400 for removal actions
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources were used
to initiate removal actions at 41 NPL sites and at 195 non-NPL sites. In
addition, removal actions were completed at 41 NPL and 133 non-NPL sites.
Completions included sites that were initiated in previous years.
14-31
-------
RESPONSE SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $124,175,400 for the Response Support
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
an increase of $10,890,400 from 1990 levels. The resources for this program
increase due to the additional sources of increased technical information and
requests for sampling data and analysis from the Contract Laboratory Program
(CLP).
The majority of these resources support: sample analysis services;
technical training for On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs), RPMs, and states; policy
analysis; and budget development. The Response Support Program will continue
to ensure that the training and transfer of technology from the Office of
Research and Development, other Federal agencies, and the private sector is
available to OSCs, RPMs, state employees, and Superfund contractors. Activities
undertaken to ensure the transfer of information and technologies will include:
1) using aerial imagery and photography for site identification and assessment;
2) providing chemical-specific fate/transport data for a specific medium exposed
by the receptors; 3) providing active site-specific support in the removal and
remedial action process of technology selection; and 4) providing advice and
guidance on the use and limitations of mathematical models including uncertainty
analysis.
/
In addition, the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program
will continue to accelerate the development, demonstration, and use of innovative
treatment technologies. The emerging technologies component of the program will
receive the greatest emphasis during 1991. This aspect will focus on bench scale
evaluation, identification of promising projects, and efforts to prepare selected
technologies for evaluation in the demonstration phase.
The Response Support Program will continue its responsibilities for sample
analysis and data review for all phases of the pre-remedial, remedial, and
removal programs. The quality assurance (QA) program provides support to the
CLP, which is responsible for most contract chemical analyses under the Superfund
program. According to uniform and consistent protocols, quality assurance
reference materials such as calibration standards, quality control samples, and
performance evaluation samples are designed, prepared, and distributed for
analysis by contract laboratories. In addition, the program will continue to
be active in assisting the states with establishing their own QA Programs.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $113,285,000 for the Response
Support Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. During
1990, the program's management systems are implementing changes to better support
the Agency's strategic planning process. Key themes to these changes are: 1)
ensuring that the program's systems recognize complexity, quality, and
environmental benefit in assessments of program performance; 2) increasing the
flexibility for program managers to focus finite resources on activities with
the greatest impact; 3) placing greater emphasis on measuring results, both
14-32
-------
environmental and administrative, rather than only measuring activities; 4)
implementing the Total Quality Management process to identify and eliminate
wasted employee efforts; and 5) developing information which will facilitate
evaluation by our managers on a quarter-by-quarter basis.
The SITE program is an example of the program's efforts to assess the
quality of environmental benefits. The program continues to be fully operational
in 1990. In addition to promoting the use of innovative treatment technologies,
the program conducts full-scale evaluations of technologies at Superfund sites
under joint EPA and private developer funding.
The Integrated Priorities Matrix is a tool for program managers to use
when determining which Superfund activities have the greatest impact. The
Matrix, developed in 1989, establishes general program priority setting in the
event of scarce resources. The program is implementing two major initiatives
to better measure program success and publicize its progress to the public. The
program's new accountability system, "Strategic Targeted Activities for Results" ,
places an emphasis on tracking selected and results-oriented activities, wherever
possible. In addition, the program uses environmental indicators to assess
environmental progress. Through CERCLIS and the associated local area network,
the program provides quarterly information to managers and staff.
Other Response Support activities include sample analysis, preparedness,
budget formulation, strategic planning, policy and program evaluation, financial
accounting and tracking, and administrative services. The sample analysis and
management activities conducted by the CLP, the Environmental Services Divisions
and the states continue to be a primary component of the Response Support
Program. By the end of 1990, the program's 92 sample analysis laboratories will
have analyzed up to 130,000 samples; of these, 42 percent will be inorganic and
dioxin analyses. The Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Program,
whose goal is to prevent and prepare for chemical accidents, continues to prepare
state status reports, emergency response simulation exercises, and chemical
safety audits.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $101,423,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. The program began to implement the
recommendations of the SMR, published in May of 1989. The SMR places emphasis
on ensuring that the pipeline is maintained and that sites are moving through
the pipeline as quickly as possible. The strategy set forth in the SMR directs
the program to address the worst sites first, removing the sources of immediate
threat and then, on a priority basis, dealing with the sources of long-term risk.
EPA continued an assessment of progress made toward reducing health and
environmental risks at Superfund sites through the use of environmental
indicators. The Agency plans to use these indicators to communicate to the
Congress, the media, and the public actual environmental progress made by the
Superfund program during the remedial process. Thus, in addition to citing the
number of sites moving through the pipeline as proof of the achievements of the
program, EPA has established ' a process to document specific environmental
progress made at sites in each stage of the pipeline.
14-33
-------
The success of the Response Support program is evident in the expansion
of field activities and quality assurance procedures for sample analysis and the
revision of the NCP and HRS. Specifically, the laboratory support program
conducted a total of 104,990 samples, of which 67,777 were routine analytical
samples and 37,213 were special analytical samples. EPA has been very active
in researching and developing new technologies to be used in response activities.
EPA awarded 12 grants for research and development and issued two additional
solicitations for proposals. In addition, EPA established several Hazardous
Substance Research Centers and an Alternative Treatment Technology Information
Center in response to the SMR recommendations. EPA also published a number of
information manuals concerning technology related research and development.
REMEDIAL SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $120,500,000 for the Remedial Support
Program for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
a decrease of $17,545,000 from 1990. The decrease in resources is attributed
to the full implementation of the Alternative Remedial Contracts Strategy (ARCS).
The majority of these resources support remedial contract management
activities, technical assistance and treatability studies for remedial projects,
and grants to states and local groups. The Agency will proceed with the
implementation of several management initiatives related to the Remedial Support
Program. Resources will be used to ensure that states provide assurance, through
the Capacity Assurance Plan (CAP) process, and that sufficient hazardous waste
capacity will exist to manage wastes generated in the state during the next 20
years. The program will also continue to encourage states to enter into
Cooperative Agreements, state Memorandum of Agreements (SMOA) or other management
assistance agreements where the state expects to play a significant role. EPA
will also continue to encourage the maximum involvement of Indian Tribes in
planning and implementing all response activities. In addition, EPA will
increase its efforts to improve public confidence and initiate dialogue with
national interest groups and local community groups. The Agency will also
continue to provide grants to local interest groups through the Technical
Assistance Grants (TAG) Program, administer Core Grants to the states, and
monitor the projects queued for remedial construction.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $138,045,000 for this program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program continues to
assess and evaluate the Remedial Program for improvements and management
initiatives. Some of these initiatives are to: improve the process for
conducting RI/FS; evaluate design and construction performance; implement
appropriate improvements expanding Regional contract support capacity; enhance
contract cost controls; and ensure adequate training and administrative support
for RPMs.
14-34
-------
The program encourages a balanced approach to site work, and advocated
that both PRPs and states assume responsibility for remedial activities. The
program will be making full use of construction management expertise available
from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) and the Bureau of Reclamation
(BUREC), Department of the Interior. The program will be assigning oversight
responsibility to the COE or BUREC for approximately 25 percent of PRP and Fund-
financed RD and RA projects started in 1990. States and Indian tribes are being
consulted throughout the project planning process to ensure integrated and
coordinated response to hazardous situations. The program expects to have a
total of 16 SMOAs in place by the end of 1990. In addition, .EPA is making
greater efforts responding to community concerns, executing the provisions of
SARA and the NCP related to community involvement, and encouraging local
participation in the TAG program, as enhanced by the 1989 revisions to the
interim final rule.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $133,285,200 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for the Remedial Support program.
The Agency implemented the ARCS Program, which obtains project management
and technical services to support remedial response activities at NPL sites.
The ARCS Program is based upon the concept of performance incentives. Quality
of work performed on projects is directly related to the amount of future work
received, as well as the level of fee awarded to contractors. Approximately 4A
contracts were awarded during 1989.
EPA strengthened its partnership with states and Indian tribes through
cooperative agreements and other mechanisms. EPA entered into 41 Core Program
Cooperative Agreements (CPCA) with states and one to a Navajo Indian tribe.
CPCAs may be secured by states or Federally recognized Indian tribes to conduct
CERCLA implementation activities that are not related to specific sites, but to
develop and maintain a state's or Tribe's ability to participate in CERCLA
response. In addition, 26 TAGs were awarded to citizens groups, a substantial
increase to the four TAGs awarded in 1988. Citizens groups can use the grants
to employ technical advisors to interpret the problems and remedies associated
with the local NPL site. During 1989, two SMOAs were finalized. This brings
the total number of SMOAs to ten.
To satisfy the hazardous waste treatment or disposal capacity assurance
requirements of CERCLA Section 104(c), a majority of states submitted CAPs. The
CAPs addressed the states': 1) current hazardous waste management system; 2)
hazardous waste minimization and recycling plans; 3) projected future hazardous
waste generation, imports, and exports; and 4) projected future hazardous waste
management systems. EPA also published an interim final rule, "Cooperative
Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions" and
included a new Subpart F in the proposed NCP revisions that combines concepts
from various sections of the existing NCP concerning state involvement in
Superfund operations.
14-35
-------
REMOVAL SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $80,716,800 for the Removal Support Program
for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase
of $9,891,800 from 1990. The increase in resources will support the two
additional Technical Assistance Team (TAT) Contracts.
The majority of these resources are used to manage removal contracts which
provide on-site technical services. Additional resources will support the
emergency response operations of TAT and the Emergency Response Cleanup Services
Contracts (ERCS), and an anticipated increase in the number of release
notifications. The Agency will continue to receive and screen hazardous
substance release notifications to determine what, if any, response is required.
These resources will provide policy direction and technical support for removal
activities, including the review of $2 million waiver requests and the expanded
Continuing Release Regulations for release investigations at removal sites.
The EPA will continue to implement management initiatives begun in 1989
to improve the retention, preparation and recruitment of OSCs in order to enhance
the effectiveness of the Superfund program. This effort involves many
components, combined under the title "OSC/RPM Support Program." In addition,
the program will continue to include full implementation of all of its
components: career tracks and grades; the OSC/RPM Basic Training Academy;
mentoring; continuing education; Superfund University Training Institutes; the
Structured Training Evaluation Program; site/incident characterization; awards;
professional organizations; workforce planning; and rotations.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating $70,825,000 for the Removal Support
Program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
support 12,000 release notifications, 635 release investigations, and on-scene
monitoring of hazardous substances at 135 sites. EPA expects to add three more
ERCS in 1990 for a total of 17 contracts.
In addition, the regulatory and guidance framework are being completed
for the Removal Program, including use of revised removal authorities and
promulgation of final regulations on the notification, reportable quantities
(RQ) , and the designation of additional hazardous substances. The program
establishes RQ levels for extremely hazardous substances, publishes technical
updates for some of the RQs that have been promulgated, and implements the rules
currently being developed. In the vast majority of cases, the PRP or state or
local government will take the lead in addressing the problem. In situations
where more than one state is involved or where there is an unusually complex
problem, the Federal government coordinates and funds the response. EPA and the
U.S. Coast Guard continue to maintain an emergency response capability, including
EPA's Emergency Response Team, comprised of Agency employees with special
engineering and scientific expertise. This inter-agency relationship improves
the Agency's ability to provide timely engineering and scientific advice to
Federal, state, and local officials during hazardous substance response actions
and results in reliable and cost-effective solutions to existing and potential
environmental threats.
14-36
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $79,525,700 to the Removal Support Program
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources were used
to conduct 775 release investigations, 8,662 release notifications, and on-scene
monitoring of hazardous substances at 315 sites. The program began to implement
the SMR recommendation to make NPL sites safe, accelerate responses at NPL sites,
and conduct removal assessments at all NPL sites. In October 1989, the program
issued draft guidance on determining the safety of NPL sites and the requirements
that must be met before a response may be accelerated. In addition, the program
formally stated its commitment to conducting a removal assessment at all
unaddressed NPL sites. This program provided administrative support personnel
and training to assist OSCs in managing removal actions. The program continued
to pursue a diversified contracting strategy with a shift to the Regions of some
of the contracting responsibilities. The program awarded eight new Regional ERGS
contracts bringing the total number to 14.
14-37
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance $1,757.9 $2,050.1 $2,055.3 $2,075.1 $19.8
Superfund
TOTAL $1,757.9 $2,050.1 $2,055.3 $2,075.1 $19.8
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
Hazardous Substance $2,026.5 $2,925.2 $2,922.6 $3,102.2 $179.6
Superfund
TOTAL $2,026.5 $2,925.2 $2,922.6 $3,102.2 $179.6
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $3,784.4 $4,975.3 $4,977.9 $5,177.3 $199.4
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $3,784.4 $4,975.3 $4,977.9 $5,177.3 $199.4
Response - Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 15.7 24.0 23.3 24.0 .7
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance 16.9 20.5 19.4 20.5 1.1
Response - OAR
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS 32.6 44.5 42.7 44.5 1.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 19.4 24.0 24.0 24.0 0.0
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance 18.4 20.5 20.5 20.5 0.0
Response - OAR
TOTAL WORKYEARS 37.8 44.5 44.5 44.5 0.0
14-38
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,177,300 supported by 44.5 total workyears
for 1991, an increase of $199,400. There is no increase in total workyears from
1990. All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER
1991 Program Request
In 1991, the Agency requests a total of $2,075,100 supported by 24.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $19,800 which reflects
increased personnel and support costs.
In 1991, the Agency will sample up to seven additional Superfund sites
and will analyze untreated wastewaters, pretreated wastewaters and pretreatment
system sludges. Three sites will be selected for extended-term sampling. Data
from the samples will supplement and expand existing data to characterize
untreated Superfund site wastewaters, the performance of on-site pretreatment
systems and the fate of pollutants in publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)
receiving these wastewaters. Cooperative treatability studies with the Office
of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to focus on additional pollutants
and POTW design and operating characteristics not covered in previous studies.
These data, together with an ORD treatability data base, will be used to update,
refine and test the PC-based treatability model to be used by CERCLA site
Regional Program Managers, POTW operators and pretreatment program personnel to
predict the fate of pollutants in POTWs. An updated guidance manual will be
published by the end of 1991 which also addresses Superfund site discharges
directly to surface waters. The Agency will also continue to develop sediment
criteria for metals and certain organic chemical pollutants, focusing on
bioaccumulative pollutants believed to be the cause of significant risk to
aquatic systems and to humans consuming contaminated fish flesh.
Regions will continue to analyze the need for new or revised local limits
at those facilities identified as receiving CERCLA wastewaters. Approximately
30 such facilities will require efforts in this activity. Regions will continue
to review remedial action alternatives to ensure that appropriate technology and
water quality considerations have been addressed. Regions will continue to
assess compliance where Superfund facilities have existing discharges to surface
waters. Headquarters and Regions will continue to evaluate and revise as
necessary NPDES permits and local limits in light of information received from
the Toxic Release Inventory.
Regions will continue to provide case-by-case review of Superfund sites
on the National Priority List (NPL). Documents will be reviewed to ensure that
applicable, relevant and appropriate drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level
14-39
-------
Goals (MCLGs) and/or Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) are applied; for
contaminants with no MCLG/MCL established, Regions will supply and interpret
toxicological data. EPA will provide recommendations that consider both the
technical and cost effectiveness of water supply treatment or the need to provide
an alternate supply. Regions will be involved throughout the remedial process
for sites with a contaminated water supply. This involvement includes reviewing
Remedial Investigations (RIs) to examine data to characterize the releases;
reviewing Feasibility Studies (FSs) which analyze clean-up alternatives; and
documenting final clean-up decisions in the Record of Decision (ROD). For each
site, this is a multi-year process.
The Regions, together with the states, will evaluate the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and will provide oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,055,300 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to analyze samples of untreated wastewaters,
pretreated wastewaters and pretreatment systems from ten Superfund sites that
discharge to POTWs; five additional sites are being sampled on an extended basis.
Data from the samples supplement and expand existing data to characterize
untreated Superfund site wastewaters, the performance of on-site pretreatment
systems and the fate of pollutants in POTWs receiving these wastewaters. The
program is continuing its treatability studies of on-site pretreatment systems.
In conjunction with ORD, the program continues to update, refine and test the
PC-based treatability model to be used by CERCLA site personnel, POTW operators
and other pretreatment program personnel to predict the fate of pollutants in
POTWs. This new data will be published in a final guidance manual in 1991.
Regions continue to review remedial action alternatives to ensure
appropriate technology and water quality considerations have been addressed.
Regions are continuing to assess compliance where Superfund facilities have
existing discharges to surface waters.
The Regions continue to review response actions to ensure that applicable,
relevant and appropriate drinking water standards are among the benchmarks
applied. Where MCLG/MCLs have not been established for a particular contaminant,
the Regions are providing assistance with toxicological data. Once a site with
a contaminated water supply has been selected for inclusion on the NPL, the
Regions participate in reviewing RI/FSs and in preparing RODs. These studies
select and document the response actions for contaminated water supplies and
address the need to provide water supply treatment or an alternate water supply.
The Regions, together with the states, are evaluating the effectiveness
of drinking water remedial actions and are providing oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under the SDWA.
14-40
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,757,900 supported by 19.4
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
During 1989, the Agency continued efforts to characterize wastewater from
Superfund sites. The Compatibility Analysis begun in 1987 was updated, as three
additional sites were sampled and analyzed to expand the data base on the
treatment and characteristics of wastewater. In addition, analytical methods
and Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures were developed as necessary.
Regions continued to review disposal alternatives and coordinate and
develop discharge controls for an expanded list of Superfund sites.
Additionally, they participated in meetings to develop workplans for each NPL
site. The need for new or revised local limits was analyzed at approximately
50 facilities identified as receiving CERCLA wastewaters. Regions reviewed
remedial action alternatives to ensure that they address water quality
considerations. Compliance with imposed discharge conditions was assessed at
locations where Superfund facilities discharge into surface water.
The Regions reviewed response actions to ensure that applicable, relevant
and appropriate drinking water standards were applied. They also participated
in the review of RI/FSs and in the preparation of RODs which document the final
cleanup actions of contaminated water supplies, particularly the need to provide
alternate water supplies. Analytical information was provided for the
feasibility study process which compared the cost-effectiveness of remedial
alternatives.
The Regions, together with the states, evaluated the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and provided oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under SDWA.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,102,200 supported by 20.5 total
workyears. This represents an increase of $179,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1990.
In 1991 the Agency will provide sample collection, analysis, and data
interpretation for remediation, removal, and enforcement activities at Superfund
sites on the National Priority List, at Federal facilities, and at weapons
production sites. The Agency will also develop guidance and criteria and will
review reports, survey plans, and assessments from radiation and mixed waste
contaminated sites. The program will provide technical assistance to Regional
Offices including the development of an on-site waste volume reduction
treatability plant at Glen Ridge/Montclair, New Jersey to clean up contaminated
soils. This on-site project will include development and location of equipment,
processing of soils, quality control, sample analysis, data interpretation, and
reports of the preliminary evaluation. EPA will evaluate other remediation
technologies, including incineration, for radioactive and mixed waste.
14-41
-------
In 1991 the program will also support Regional air program technical
assistance for clean-up activities, including the use of air quality models to
determine risks posed by air emissions from clean-up activities and the
establishment of temporary air monitoring networks around selected sites. The
Agency will evaluate potential disposal techniques and technology, and review
remedial action plans prior to implementation.
1990 Program
In 1990 the Agency is allocating $2,922,600 supported by 20.5 workyears
to provide sample collection, analysis, and data interpretation for remediation,
removal, and enforcement activities at Superfund sites. The EPA radiation
program will complete the Hazard Ranking System for radionuclides, the laboratory
evaluation and pilot of the Volume Reduction Chemical Extraction (VORCE) project,
and a draft Human Health Evaluation Manual. The Agency radiation staff is
continuing to review reports, survey plans, and environmental assessments at
radiation contaminated sites.
The Regional air program staff is continuing to review field studies of
sites and contractor work plans and provide technical assistance through air
quality modeling, monitoring, and case studies. The support includes use of air
quality models to determine the risks posed by air emissions from clean-up and
disposal techniques and technology to minimize the chances of migration of
unhealthy levels of toxics to the air.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated $2,026,500 supported by 18.4 total workyears.
The Agency continued technical support to the Regions to minimize radiation and
air toxics exposure at Superfund sites. The radiation program support included:
radiation risk assessments, engineering evaluations, and cost assessments. The
Agency monitored on-site laboratory equipment and conducted all environmental
sampling and monitoring in support of the emergency removal action at the Radium
Chemical Company site in Queens, New York and continued treatability studies,
such as VORCE, to examine physical and chemical methods for reducing the volume
and activity of soils contaminated with radioactive elements. The Regional air
program staff provided air quality modeling and monitoring for site clean-up
activities. The program continued to assure that site decisions involving air
pollution and radiation contamination issues were consistent with national air
and radiation program policies and regulations.
14-42
-------
SUPER FUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (ATSDR)
Hazardous Substance $44,499.0 $45,779.6 $45,178.7 $44,500.0 -$678.7
Superfund
TOTAL $44,499.0 $45,779.6 $45,178.7 $44,500.0 -$678.7
Interagency Superfund
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous Substance $4,948.2 $4,871.5 $4,807.6 $4,948.2 $140.6
Superfund
TOTAL $4,948.2 $4,871.5 $4,807.6 $4,948.2 $140.6
Interagency Superfund
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance $25,100.0 $18,902.4 $25,754.2 $32,324.0 $6,569.8
Superfund
TOTAL $25,100.0 $18,902.4 $25,754.2 $32,324.0 $6,569.8
Interagency Superfund
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Hazardous Substance $1,705.0 $1,850.5 $1,826.3 $1,879.6 $53.3
Superfund
TOTAL $1,705.0 $1,850.5 $1,826.3 $1,879.6 $53.3
Interagency Superfund
National Oceanographic
& Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance $2,250.5 $2,244.9 $2,215.6 $2,280.1 $64.5
Superfund
TOTAL $2,250.5 $2,244.9 $2,215.6 $2,280.1 $64.5
Interagency Superfund
Department of Interior
Hazardous Substance $1,111.0 $1,234.2 $1,218.1 $1,253.5 $35.4
Superfund
TOTAL $1,111.0 $1,234.2 $1,218.1 $1,253.5 $35.4
Interagency Superfund
FEMA-Relocation
Hazardous Substance $804.6 $17.0 -$17.0
Superfund
TOTAL $804.6 $17.0 -$17.0
Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance $407.9 $992.6 $979.6 $1,008.2 $28.6
Superfund
TOTAL $407.9 $992.6 $979.6 $1,008.2 $28.6
14-43
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (NIEHS)
Hazardous Substance $21,900.0 $36,736.9 $36,254.8 $21,915.0 -$14,339.8
Superfund
TOTAL $21,900.0 $36,736.9 $36.254.8 $21,915.0 -$14,339.8
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $102,726.2 $112,612.6 $118,251.9 $110,108.6 -$8,143.3
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $102,726.2 $112,612.6 $118,251.9 $110,108.6 -$8,143.3
Response - Interagency
14-44
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $110,108,600 for interagency activities
under the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation in 1991, a decrease of
$8,143,300 from 1990. The appropriation includes a $6,569,800 increase for the
Department of Justice (DOJ) to carry out the increased number of cases stemming
from the strengthened enforcement program. The request also contains small
increases for the ongoing Superfund program activities of the United States
Coast Guard (USCG), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
the Department of the Interior (DOI), the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The
decrease occurs in the Department of Health and Human Services National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and the Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry (ATSDR) primarily due to a reduction in worker training
grants. These agencies and offices request the necessary workyears within their
own budget requests.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,415,000 ($44,500,000 for ATSDR and
$21,915,000 for NIEHS) from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for
this program. This request represents a decrease of $15,018,500 ($678,700 for
ATSDR and $14,339,800 for NIEHS). The decrease returns ATSDR and NIEHS to their
1989 resource levels.
In 1991, ATSDR will continue to provide technical support and expertise
as required under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as amended, to protect public health and worker
safety, and to determine the toxicological and human health impacts associated
with hazardous substances. Emphasis will be placed on expanding state
responsibilities and involvement, and implementing both the Registry program and
the research program. ATSDR will produce and oversee the state production of
approximately 375 Health Assessments for National Priorities List (NPL) sites
and in response to citizen petitions, perform pilot health effects studies for
approximately 20 sites expected to require such studies, and provide
approximately 2,600 health consultations to states, local governments and to EPA.
In addition, ATSDR will maintain and enhance toxicology data bases for
those 200 chemicals named as most likely to be found at Superfund sites, produce
and peer review final versions of the fourth set of profiles, consisting of 40
documents and 40 substances, and prepare and peer review draft versions of the
fifth set of profiles consisting of 40 documents and 40 substances. ATSDR will
also provide health assistance support for emergency responses through an
estimated 1,000 consultations. ATSDR will refine the National Exposure Registry
data collection instrument and update the existing 10 subregistries. ATSDR will
14-45
-------
also complete studies in six states which will allow characterization of
prevalence and incidence of adverse reproductive outcomes from those states,
and initiate four epidemiologic studies based on findings of pilot health
studies. ATSDR will provide support and technical assistance to the health
community by maintenance of automated directories and information systems such
as TOXNET, and the Environmental Health Information Resources Directory.
In 1991, NIEHS will continue to: 1) provide basic research grants for the
development of improved methods to detect hazardous substances in human tissues
and environmental media; and 2) evaluate risks and health effects from hazardous
substances, and for the treatment and attenuation of these effects. Research
will be conducted at 11 universities by teams of biomedical, engineering, and
physical scientists. In total, 85 studies will be completed. NIEHS will sponsor
a national conference to summarize the findings of the basic research program
for an audience of health and environmental agency staff, health care providers,
industry officials, and concerned citizens. Graduate students and post-doctoral
researchers assist in the basic research conducted at NIEHS supported
universities.
NIEHS will continue to manage a grants program which provides training for
workers and supervisors engaged in Superfund remediation efforts, activities that
require the management and generation of hazardous wastes, environmental
emergency response, and hazardous substance transport.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $81,433,500 ($45,178,700 for
ATSDR and $36,254,800 for NIEHS) from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation to this program.
In 1990, ATSDR will: 1)conduct health assessments at all sites proposed
for the NPL; 2) conduct health studies at those sites when needed; 3) investigate
complaints of illness or disease related to exposure to hazardous substances;
4) develop appropriate biological testing for exposed individuals; and 5) develop
and maintain registries of exposed individuals, when needed. CERCLA requires
ATSDR to perform a health assessment of a site on the NPL within one year from
the date of its proposal on the NPL.
Additional and expanded activities mandated by the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 for ATSDR are to: 1) develop a list of
priority chemicals and produce toxicological profiles on those chemicals at the
rate of 25 per year; 2) oversee an estimated 1,100 health assessments and health
consultations for NPL sites, state non-NPL sites and in response to citizen
petition; 3) develop a research program to help fill data gaps on toxicological
profile chemicals, and ensure that all studies and research reports undergo peer
review; 4) prepare and disseminate health education information; and 5) report
to Congress on health-related activities. ATSDR continues to enhance and
maintain toxicology data bases for chemicals generally found at Superfund sites
or encountered in emergency situations. In addition, ATSDR provides health
assistance support for emergency responses in the form of an estimated 1,000
health consultations. This is accomplished by expanding the state roles for
routine concerns and/or on site consultations when necessary.
14-46
-------
In 1990, NIEHS is substantially expanding both its basic research and
training and worker safety training grants programs. In the area of research
and training, grants are being made to two additional universities for a total
of 11. Four scientific conferences will be held to ensure that the findings from
the NIEHS research programs are available to EPA, industry, physicians and other
health care providers, and to concerned citizens. The worker safety grants
program is expanding. The program will solicit additional grants proposals from
non-profit organizations with proven capacities to provide for non-professional
workers whose duties involve the management or transportation of hazardous
substances or who respond to environmental emergencies. These newly funded
organizations will use the training materials developed by NIEHS's original 11
grantees. In addition, NIEHS will be conducting a thorough, on-site evaluation
of the first 11 training grant programs initiated in 1987. These evaluations
are designed to assure that: 1) the grantee organizations are providing a
program of high quality instruction to workers targeted by the program; and 2)
the training received is actually being used by workers such as laborers,
emergency responders, hazardous materials transporters, and supervisors engaged
in activities related to hazardous substance removal and containment.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, $66,399,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by HHS ($44,499,000 for ATSDR and $21,900,000 for NIEHS).
In 1989, ATSDR completed 592 health assessments bringing the total
completions to 1,154. ATSDR also completed two pilot studies/investigations on)
selected populations, initiated nine health studies and provided over 2,200'
health consultations. In compliance with CERCLA, Section 104(i)(3), ATSDR is
required to prepare toxicological profiles on the first 100 most hazardous
substances found at Superfund sites. ATSDR completed 25 toxicological profiles
during 1989. ATSDR conducted approximately 1,000 health consultations to private
and public health care providers in the provision of medical care and testing
of exposed individuals. ATSDR also completed a policy and procedures manual for
the National Exposure Registry. The program initiated a Toxic Chemical
Evaluation sub-registry comprised of eight sites with a population base of
approximately 5,000 and established a dioxin sub-registry. ATSDR continued
discussions with other agencies regarding toxicological profiles and health
assessment research. ATSDR's health education activities during 1989 included
the continuation of training for state and local health officials on the use of
the TOXNET and other on-line systems operated by the National Library of
Medicine. Additional activities included the development of environmental health
case studies for use by the medical community, and education activities through
the environmental and occupational health clinic network.
In 1989, nine universities received funding from NIEHS to conduct 78
separate basic research studies in a grants program designed to fulfill the
requirements of a Superfund Basic Research and Professional Training Plan. The
Plan was developed by NIEHS and approved by the HHS Advisory Council on Hazardous
Substances Research and Training as required by Section 311(a) of SARA.
The worker safety training program became fully operational in 1989.('
Complete training programs were put in place by the 11 grantee organizations at'
centers across the United States. Technical advice and assistance was provided
14-47
-------
during the emergency response to the Alaska oil spill. In addition, a
clearinghouse was established by NIEHS for their grantees to assure communication
and coordination of a nationwide training effort in Superfund worker training.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD OJSCG)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,948,200 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for the USCG. This request represents an increase of
$140,600 over 1990 levels. The increase returns the USCG to its 1989 resource
level.
In 1991, the USCG will continue to reduce the occurrence and effects of
releases of hazardous substances by enforcing applicable sections of CERCLA, as
amended. The USCG will: 1) issue and check Certificates of Financial
Responsibility; 2) investigate spill reports; and 3) determine potentially
responsible parties for penalty and liability assessment. Furthermore, the
authorizing legislation for the Comprehensive Oil Spill Liability and
Compensation Act (COSLCA) is expected to correct a limitation in CERCLA regarding
the authority to issue certificates of financial responsibility. Consequently,
COSCLA is expected to add a significant enforcement workload to the issuance and
maintenance of records for CERCLA certificates of financial responsibility. In
addition, the USCG will continue to minimize the effects of releases of hazardous
substances, pollutants or contaminants into the coastal environment. The USCG
will accomplish this by providing an adequately equipped and properly trained
workforce to investigate releases and to monitor or supervise removal actions.
The USCG will also ensure the effective management of the CERCLA program within
its purview which will enhance the effectiveness of USCG policies and plans that
are established and maintained to aid On-Scene Coordinators (OSC) in successfully
dealing with CERCLA incidents. The USCG will also develop chemical response
equipment necessary for safely responding to chemical releases and will provide
state-of-the-art personal protection for response personnel.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,807,600 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program.
The USCG will continue to provide a central point of contact for receiving
reports of releases of hazardous substances and will notify the pre-designated
Federal OSC and other appropriate governmental and/or private entities. The USCG
provides assistance in the assessment of the hazards of released pollutants.
It supports the Regional Response Team (RRT) and National Response Team (NRT)
components of the national response mechanism. The USCG continues the medical
monitoring system to minimize the possibility of any physical impairment or
harmful effects to USCG enforcement or response personnel resulting from exposure
to hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants. The USCG develops and
maintains information systems for program management analysis and the necessary
chemical assessment data systems (i.e. the Computer-Aided Management of Emergency
Operations (CAMEO)) for proper response to hazardous substance incidents. USCG
establishes policies, plans, and training that aid OSCs in successfully dealing
with Superfund incidents.
14-48
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, $4,948,200 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation for USCG. An intensive effort was focussed on addressing the
Alaska oil spill and other incidents. These resources were also used to conduct
response training for USCG personnel, upgrade the capabilities of the National
Response Center (NRC), maintain safety equipment, and provide field data systems
to support response programs and minimize the possibility of harm to personnel
from exposure to hazardous substances. In addition, the USCG reprogrammed
resources to assist in the modernization of the NRC Information Systems.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,324,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This request represents an increase of $6,569,800 for
increased cost recovery referrals and for expanded enforcement against Section
104(e) information request and consent decree violations.
In 1991, the requested resources will support the expanded Superfund
caseload and the operation of a system which provides automated data support for
complex cases. DOJ will maintain its support to EPA in reviewing negotiated
consent decrees, de minimis settlements, enforcement of information requests,
and an expanded docket of access cases. In addition, DOJ will impose civil
penalties in instances where PRPs violate notification requirements of CERCLA,
as amended, deny access to sites, destroy records, violate financial
responsibility regulations, or violate administrative and judicial settlement
agreements. DOJ will pursue criminal cases and continue to provide support to
EPA's expanded cost recovery efforts. DOJ will also defend the Agency against
citizen suits, pre-enforcement review cases, reimbursement claims, and challenges
to EPA administrative civil penalty decisions.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $25,754,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program. DOJ is providing civil and
criminal enforcement litigation which includes counseling on and enforcing
administrative orders, giving warrants for entry, instituting suits to compel
removal and remedial actions, and recovering response costs incurred by the
Fund.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, $25,100,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOJ. These resources were used for litigation and other
enforcement related activities. Key accomplishments included the filing of 42
settlement/injunctive (CERCLA Section 106) cases and 51 cost recovery (CERCLA
Section 107) cases. In addition to the cases filed, DOJ supported 61 Section
106 and 174 Section 107 on-going cases filed prior to 1989. DOJ also concluded
28 Section 106 cases and 18 Section 107 cases by consent decrees.
14-49
-------
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,879,600 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA. This request represents an increase of $36,300
over 1990. The increase returns FEMA to its 1989 resource level.
i. . "'" *,'»
* . In 1991, FEMA will continue to support the Superfund program with the
following activities. FEMA will conduct permanent and temporary relocation
operations, provide general administrative support, and revise relocation manuals
and regulations as required. FEMA will also support the management and
coordination of training programs for local officials through the Emergency
Management Institute and the National Fire Academy. These courses provide
training to emergency response personnel and enable them to respond safely and
expeditiously to hazardous materials incidents, preserve the environment, and
protect public health and safety. Resources will be used to maintain local,
state, and Federal emergency preparedness and administrative support. Resources
will continue to fund the distribution of educational materials at state and
local levels, and to support the training and team building necessary to enhance
specialized response capabilities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,843,300, of which $17,000
is supporting temporary and permanent relocations, from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1990, FEMA continues to provide technical assistance to state and local
governments through improved coordination with the RRT for all preparedness
activities, including contingency plan review, training support, planning support
for four Regional workshops, and exercise evaluations. FEMA provides support
to the NRT initiatives for information exchange.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, $2,509,600, of which $804,600 supported temporary and permanent
relocations, was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund by FEMA. These
resources were used to: 1) support FEMA's development of relocations guidelines
and regulations; 2) provide management oversight for temporary and permanent
relocations; 3) provide preparedness guidance and technical assistance to state
and local governments; 4) maintain the FEMA/Department of Transportation
information exchange system; 5) enhance coordination of hazardous materials
issues with the public and private sector; 6) provide continued support for
NRT/RRT initiatives; and 7) support the FEMA/EPA instructor exchange program.
FEMA also enhanced the knowledge, skill, and abilities standards for instructors
and continued to deliver existing training systems at the state and local level.
14-50
-------
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,280,100 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. This request represents an increase of $64,500
over 1990 levels. The increase returns NOAA to its 1989 resource level.
In 1991, these resources will allow NOAA to continue its efforts to support
technical assistance to Federal OSC for releases of hazardous substances in
coastal and marine areas. NOAA will continue to maintain the enhanced CAMEO
program which combines meteorological and chemical-specific analytical data for
the purposes of emergency response activities. In addition, NOAA will continue
to provide technical support to EPA during removal actions and will evaluate the
impact on natural resources from releases of hazardous substances. NOAA will
act as technical liaison with EPA and other Federal, state, and local agencies
on coastal resource issues of common interest.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating $2,215,600 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. In addition to its continuing
responsibilities, NOAA provides technical support for activities associated with
hazardous waste site removal and remedial actions affecting coastal and marine
resources. NOAA will also provide policy support to the NRT/RRT and to state
and local entities in the areas of: 1) contingency planning; 2) community
relations; 3) communications; 4) preparedness evaluation; and 5) training.
Additionally, NOAA will provide technical support for activities associated with
hazardous waste site removal and remedial actions affecting coastal and marine
resources.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, $2,250,500 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by NOAA. These resources were used to support NOAA's ongoing
operations including the purchase, development, and field testing of state-of-
the-art sampling and analytical equipment necessary for safe and efficient
response operations. Funds were also used to support the computer-based
communication and information systems to provide identification of likely
accident location, trajectory analysis of spilled hazardous materials, potential
human and environmental impacts of accidents, and training for response personnel
via spill simulation.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (001)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,253,500 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for DOI. This request represents an increase of $35,400
over 1990 levels. The increase returns DOI to its 1989 resource level.
14-51
-------
DOI will continue to participate in NRT preparedness and training
activities, provide coordination of its range of natural resources and other
scientific and technical expertise with Headquarters personnel in agencies
participating in the NRT, provide staff support functions to the administration
of the National Response System, and provide direction and technical information
to field units with respect to releases of hazardous substances, whether they
occur at Superfund sites or as emergency incidents.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,218,100 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program. DOI participates in RRT
(nine DOI Regions covering thirteen standing RRT) preparedness and training
activities, as well as administrative work group activities. DOI also provides
guidance, technical assistance and training to states and local governments to
ensure that proper consideration is given to natural resources and sensitive
environments during response actions involving Superfund sites, and that DOI
logistical support and expert technical advice is promptly available. In
addition, DOI conducts training sessions and workshops, develops guidance, and
provides consultation and technical assistance to develop and enhance state and
Federal trustee officials' capacity to conduct natural resource damage
assessments. These efforts result in effective claims for compensation of
natural resource losses or injuries from releases of hazardous substances from
Superfund sites or during emergency incidents.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, $1,111,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOI. These resources enabled DOI to participate in NRT/RRT
preparedness and training activities, continue its involvement in state and local
emergency preparedness, and provide technical assistance to natural resources
trustees. DOI provided support to the USCG in its response to the Alaska oil
spill and other oil spills.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,008,200 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OSHA. This request represents an increase of $28,600
over 1990 levels. The increase returns OSHA to its 1989 resource level.
In 1991, OSHA will conduct six compliance assistance visits to review site
safety, health plans and programs. In response to requests for information
regarding OSHA's Hazardous Waste Standard, OSHA will increase its correspondence
and participation in conferences to explain the requirements of the Standard to
requestors. OSHA will also provide technical assistance to EPA and other
Federal agencies, and develop guidelines and procedures in the composition of
manuals for assessing safety and health at hazardous waste sites.
OSHA will conduct approximately 50 audits and evaluations during 1991.
OSHA also plans to support research concerning the effectiveness of personal
protective equipment in shielding hazardous waste workers from the harmful
14-52
-------
effects of exposure to toxic substances. OSHA will conduct inspections at
approximately 30 hazardous waste sites, based upon referrals from EPA, or other
hazardous situations identified for EPA. In addition, the 20 states and 2
Territories which operate OSHA approved safety and health programs will conduct
22 inspections.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $979,600 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. OSHA continues to conduct safety and health
inspections at Superfund sites and provide assistance at the sites to the
NRT/RRT. The resources allow OSHA to support technical assistance at hazardous
waste sites, worker safety inspections and enforcement at sites where Superfund
remedial actions are underway, and assistance to the NRT/RRT in preparedness
and training activities. Funds are also applied to support information sharing
activities, assist in review and development of contingency plans, participate
in simulation exercises, and assist in training activities. OSHA uses resources
to develop required training standards for the certification of employees engaged
in hazardous waste operations.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, $407,900 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by OSHA. The funds were used to train OSHA inspectors, maintain
a special inspection program for Superfund sites, provide technical assistance
to EPA, provide support for the activities of the NRT/RRT, and enforce a required
worker protection standard.
14-53
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement 14-54
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement 14-56
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement 14-58
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations 14-62
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - OECM .... 14-63
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance $128.118.8 $95,272.9 $127,030.0 $143.288.9 $16.258.9
Superfund
TOTAL $128,118.8 $95,272.9 $127,030.0 $143,288.9 $16,258.9
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance $13,776.4 $14,734.0 $23,511.3 $24,143.2 $631.9
Superfund
TOTAL $13,776.4 $14,734.0 $23,511.3 $24,143.2 $631.9
Hazardous Substance -
Criminal Investigations
Hazardous Substance $1,306.8 $1,568.5 $1,540.3 $1,572.4 $32.1
Superfund
TOTAL $1,306.8 $1,568.5 $1,540.3 $1,572.4 $32.1
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring4
Hazardous Substance $7,842.7 $10,313.2 $11,670.3 $10,749.9 -$920.4
Superfund
TOTAL $7,842.7 $10,313.2 $11,670.3 $10,749.9 -$920.4
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $151,044.7 $121,888.6 $163,751.9 $179,754.4 $16,002.5
Superfund
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $151,044.7 $121,888.6 $163,751.9 $179,754.4 $16,002.5
Response-Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 623.4 931.4 923.0 961.4 38.4
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance 230.1 421.0 406.5 421.6 15.1
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance - 17.5 17.3 17.2 17.2 0.0
Criminal Investigations
Hazardous Substance 42.8 45.5 45.4 45.4 0.0
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring4
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 913.8 1,415.2 1,392.1 1,445.6 53.5
14-54
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance -
Criminal Investigations
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
MonitoringA
TOTAL WORKYEARS
669.7 931.4 961.4 961.4
255.7 421.0 420.9 421.6
17.6
17.3
17.2
17.2
44.6 45.5 45.4 45.4
987.6 1,415.2 1,444.9 1,445.6
0.0
.7
0.0
0.0
.7
14-55
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $179,754,400 supported by 1,445.6 total
workyears for 1991 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for
technical, administrative and legal enforcement activities. This is an increase
of $16,002,500 and 0.7 total workyears from the level provided in 1990. The
increase supports the "Enforcement-first" approach, recommended in the
Administrator's Superfund Management Review, and enhanced efforts to achieve
potentially responsible party (PRP) site remediation and recover Federal and
state costs from responsible parties.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $143,288,900 and 961.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $16,258,900 and no total workyears
to provide support for additional PRP remedial and removal response actions and
additional cost recovery actions.
The Technical Enforcement effort in 1991 will continue to focus on using
an array of available administrative and judicial enforcement tools to obtain
PRP response actions, and on managing successful closure of PRP response and
enforcement actions already underway. The Agency will stress the identification
and pursuit of PRPs to support an increased percentage of work to be conducted
by PRPs. PRPs not responding to requests for information will be subject to
enforcement actions. The enforcement program will oversee PRP conduct of the
study and remedy selection phase of the process. The program will select the
remedy, announce the Record of Decision and negotiate Consent Decrees for the
remedial design and remedial action phases. Compliance with these actions will
be ensured by oversight. Enforcement actions for compliance will be taken, if
necessary.
The Agency will encourage settlements with PRPs through the use of de
minimis and mixed funding settlements. Where settlements are not achieved, EPA
will issue Unilateral Administrative Orders (UAOs). In some cases, the Agency
will pursue litigation for injunctive relief. EPA will also pursue non-settlers
and follow with aggressive cost recovery actions when the Trust Fund is used
for removal and remediation response actions. The Agency will pursue judicial
and administrative cost recovery actions when a Fund-financed action has been
undertaken, and EPA will seek treble damages when a PRP does not comply with a
UAO. The program will place priority on large cases and cases constrained by
statute of limitations. The Agency will initiate an increased number of judicial
cost recovery actions in 1991. This strategy will result in the return of needed
resources to the Trust Fund and, in the long term, increased compliance with
Superfund enforcement actions.
14-56
-------
Section 120 in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 requires interagency agreements for all Federal facility
sites on the National Priority List (NPL). These agreements will cover the
remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS), remedy selection, remedy
implementation and a five year review of the remedy. While the other Federal
agency performs the RI/FS and initially selects the remedy, EPA must concur on
the selected remedy. Thus early involvement with the other Federal agency is
crucial for EPA to meet its statutory requirements.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $127,030,000 supported by
961.4 total workyears, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation, to secure and oversee responsible party response at NPL and other
priority sites and to pursue cost recovery actions.
The Agency is significantly strengthening its enforcement program as a
result of the Administrator's Superfund Management Review (SMR) conducted in
1989. Increased focus is being placed on finding PRPs early and exhausting all
available enforcement tools to obtain their response before resorting to the use
of the Trust Fund. Where PRPs fail to respond to information requests
adequately, prompt enforcement follows. To encourage settlement, the Agency is
pursuing de minimis and mixed funding settlements. Where negotiations fail to
achieve settlement, the Agency is strengthening its efforts against non-settlers
by issuing unilateral orders to achieve response or to establish treble damage
claims for cost recovery.
The program is ensuring compliance by PRPs at sites where a settlement has
been reached and work is underway. Strong oversight at this stage of the process
will prevent unnecessary delays at the remedy selection phase. Where necessary,
additional enforcement actions will be taken, assessing stipulated penalties or
conducting alternative dispute resolution where the PRPs are out of compliance
with the-Administrative Order or Consent Decree.
Where Fund-financed action has been undertaken, the program is pursuing
administrative or judicial cost recovery actions. Cost recovery actions will
be pursued against non-settlers which will increase the cost of recalcitrance.
Emphasis on the PRP searches will serve to strengthen enforcement action against
recalcitrants.
Federal facility Interagency Agreements (lAGs) are expected to be in place
for all facilities on the NPL. EPA must review and concur on the selection of
remedy at Federal facilities, as well as facilitate public participation and
state involvement in the process.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $128,118,800 supported by 669.7
total workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
PRPs conducted more than half the RI/FS and 60 percent of the Remedial
Actions initiated in 1989. The program also concluded Remedial Design/Remedial
Action (RD/RA) negotiations at NPL sites and leferred cases to the Department
14-57
-------
of Justice for entering in the court. UAOs were issued, and in many cases,
resulted in compliance. Settlements for RD/RA were the largest in any year.
Agreements and orders in compliance at 71 sites resulted in remedial work valued
at nearly $800 million. For the entire program, the value of enforcement PRP
response was over $1 billion.
Standard interagency protocols have been negotiated with the Department
of Defense and Department of Energy for response by these agencies at facilities
owned or operated by them. Resolution of these protocols was critical for the
completion of site specific lAGs which have been achieved at nearly half of the
Federal facilities on the NPL.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,143,200 supported by 421.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $631,900 and 0.7 total
workyears from 1990. The increase will fund additional personnel and support
costs.
Federal Superfund legal enforcement work will continue in two major areas:
(1) actions to secure privately-financed site cleanups, and (2) "cost recovery"
actions to recoup Hazardous Substance Trust Fund resources expended in Fund-
financed cleanups. The stepped-up enforcement effort or "enforcement first"
concept, begun in 1989 and based upon the recommendations of the Agency's
Superfund Management Review (SMR) will continue in 1991. This emphasis has
forced companies and other polluters to carry put more hazardous waste site
cleanups. In 1991, continued aggressive administrative and judicial enforcement
actions will be pursued to secure privately-financed cleanups. These actions
will allow the Agency to focus Fund resources on abandoned sites or sites with
insolvent responsible parties where direct use of the Fund presents the only
available response option. "Cost recovery" actions, which return monies to the
Trust Fund and permit the Agency to address a larger number of sites, will
emphasize actions where the statute of limitations creates a deadline for
settlement. However, in all cases where Federal money must be used to remove
an immediate public-health threat, the Agency will promptly pursue responsible
parties to get reimbursement for Federal costs.
Headquarters activity will focus on the following areas: refinement of the
strategy for use of de minimis, mixed funding, and non-binding preliminary
allocation of responsibility (NEAR) settlement authorities; improved use of
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Superfund settlements; implementation of a
"unified" timeline for Superfund sites to establish timetables for negotiating
settlements of Superfund claims; model/sample forms for certain kinds of
Superfund settlements, complaints, or orders; and Section 106 penalty settlement
policy and Section 107 treble damage settlement policy.
s
Program oversight will take on greater emphasis in 1991 as the Agency seeks
to ensure that policy initiatives resulting from the SMR are achieved. New
management systems being developed in 1990 to track new or refined indicators
of Superfund enforcement accomplishments will be monitored and evaluated to
14-58
-------
ensure that key information necessary to formulate policy objectives is
available. Headquarters will conduct Regional reviews to focus on attainment
of revised policy objectives and the quality and quantity of Regional enforcement
work.
Headquarters will focus most of its litigation management work on areas
specified for greater use such as use of unilateral judicial enforcement,
enforcement against non-settlers, enforcement against information request non-
respondents, and treble damage and civil penalty claims. Headquarters capacity
building activity will focus on training. The Superfund training program
initiated in 1990 will continue to receive major emphasis because of the
complexity of Superfund cases and the high turnover rate of attorneys in this
area.
Negotiated settlements will remain the Agency's primary goal in most
instances, and will necessitate early involvement of legal resources in the
enforcement process. The requirement for active state participation will promote
close cooperation and coordination between legal enforcement staff and state
officials. Section 106 referrals with settlement will continue to receive major
emphasis. Remedial negotiations with unilateral orders will provide both an
incentive to come to an agreement and a basis for treble damages should
negotiations fail and the order not be complied with. The emphasis of the SMR
on negotiation with (and unilateral enforcement against) Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs) for private party cleanup will continue to have a significant
impact on the nature and timing of Regional legal enforcement involvement in
response to the identification of hazardous waste sites. The statutory mandate
for public participation and the use of several Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) enforcement remedies will continue to influence
Regional legal enforcement workload.
Regional legal enforcement in 1991 will be characterized by complicated and
labor-intensive Section 106 negotiations for remedy cases, legal support for
issuance and follow up of unilateral Section 106 administrative orders, as well
as Section 107 cost recovery cases. Legal actions against PRPs will be
aggressively pursued for maximum impact and to encourage recalcitrant PRPs to
enter into negotiations.
In 1991, this program also incorporates Superfund resources in the Office
Federal Activities which support Federal agencies and the Regions with a
Superfund Federal facilities program. The Office of Federal Activities provides
a information-exchange function in support of the Superfund program federal
facilities activities. The focus of the Federal Facilities Program in 1991
includes the issuance of policy to ensure that Federal agencies meet their
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
responsibilities described in Section 120 of the statute. Further, the office
will develop and conduct training workshops and conferences focusing on
application of the Superfund process at Federal facilities.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $23,510,400 supported by 420.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
14-59
-------
The recommendations of the Superfund Management Review established a
vigorous agenda for enforcement activity which influenced not only 1989, but
redirected Headquarters and Regional legal enforcement in 1990 and beyond.
Implementation of the SMR has increased attention in Headquarters on a number
of activities. To support Regionally identified cases, Headquarters will deploy
troubleshooters with national expertise to provide targeted, hands on
supplementary support for key cases. Headquarters staff will also aid completion
and active management of information systems developed to track Agency
implementation of priority matters. Headquarters legal resources will develop
or participate in issuing guidance on administrative orders, models for remedial
investigations/feasibility studies (RI/FSs) and remedial design/remedial actions
(RD/RAs) activities, NCP implementation, state role, penalty policy, contractor
management issues, and Fund/enforcement integration. Headquarters will initiate
a system for monitoring private party litigation to track precedent-setting
rulings that may impact the Agency's authorities and may warrant Agency
participation through court action or as an amicus.
Considerable emphasis will be placed on implementing an Alternative Dispute
Resolution component of the cost recovery program. Improvements to management
systems begun in prior years to build capacity at Headquarters as well as in the
Regions will also continue. These include: updating and training on a personal
computer local area network which has increased productivity of headquarters
attorneys and has facilitated information flow on complex cases; increased
support for the Enforcement Document Retrieval System, which uses a sophisticated
search capability to provide personal computer access to policies and precedents
affecting cases ; improved coordination with Justice and the program office on
tracking enforcement actions, development on penalty models for Superfund similar
to those so successful used in air and water enforcement actions; and
improvements to docket operations and maintenance.
In the Regions, legal work continues on a number of major Section 106 cases
which are expected to reach successful resolution, (e.g. Horse Arenas. Hooker
Chemical. Harvey and Knotts. Ottati and Goss. New Bedford Harbor. Cannons
Engineering, and Western Processing) Intense legal involvement early in
enforcement actions has improved the Agency's negotiating position and led to
achievement of stronger settlements in 1989 --a trend expected to continue in
1990. The upsurge in administrative enforcement as an effective tool in
encouraging private party cleanup is expected to continue in 1990. In addition,
judicial actions will be pursued where administrative enforcement tools do not
succeed in securing response action, where remedial settlements need to be
documented, and where costs associated with Fund-financed site cleanup need to
be recovered.
Continued efforts are being made to improve and speed the litigation process
for cost recovery cases already filed. For example, prosecutors of Section 107
cases will soon have the benefit of a Headquarters-developed computer program
for calculation of interest payable by defendants in cost recovery proceedings.
Regional legal resources are also heavily involved in significant Federal
facility negotiations intended to result in Interagency Agreements for cleanup
of federally owned sites. These actions are building on a number of precedent
setting Federal facility actions taken in 1989 at Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Rocky
Flats. and the Aberdeen Proving Ground.
14-60
-------
In 1990, as a result of an Agency reorganization, resources for the
Superfund Federal Facilities program of the Office of Federal Activities are
provided here. In 1990, the Federal Facilities program will continue to use
existing, as well as develop new communication vehicles to exchange information
on Section 120 Interagency Agreements, Subpart K to the NCP on Federal
Facilities, the Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket and Superfund
activities and guidance pertinent to Federal facilities. Dissemination of
Superfund materials will continue through the Federal Agency Environmental
roundtable. The program will continue to work closely with the Regions to expand
EPA's technical assistance/training role with regard to the Superfund process,
concentrating on RI/FSs, PA/SIs, and emergency removals.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $14,123,600 supported by 255.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
The direction, scope, and accomplishments of the 1989 legal enforcement
program were strongly influenced by the Agency's Superfund Management Review,
which delineated an aggressive, "enforcement-first" policy for obtaining site
cleanup by potentially responsible parties (PRPs). The 1989 implementation of
the recommendations in this review lays the groundwork for charting the future
course of Superfund enforcement, and strongly influences legal enforcement
activities planned for 1990 and 1991.
Program accomplishments in 1989 reflected the emphasis placed on
enforcement. The Agency dramatically increased the level of Superfund judicial
enforcement activity in 1989 with 153 civil cases referred to the Department of
Justice primarily seeking injunctive relief for hazardous waste cleanup by
responsible parties, recovery from responsible parties of public money spent for
site cleanup, or site access to perform investigation or cleanup work.
Significantly more actions were successfully taken to obtain greater commitment
by private parties to undertake hazardous waste site cleanup. For example, PRPs
for the first time began more than half of the long-term "remedial actions" begun
during the year. PRPs entered settlements for long-term cleanup at 48 sites for
a total estimated value of $594 million (compared to a combined 1987 and 1988
total of 39 sites for $391 million). Similarly, the Agency used Remedial
Unilateral Administrative Orders to order remedial work at 22 sites for $139
million, compared to a combined 1987 and 1988 total of 18 sites and $15 million.
In an effort to address older cost recovery claims, the Agency referred cost
recovery claims for 78 sites to the Department of Justice for prosecution, up
from 56 referrals in 1988. Past costs sought by these recovery cases were valued
at $136 million. In total, referrals to the Department of Justice were greater
than the 1988 level by 34 percent. The strong performance is attributed to the
Agency's response to internal management changes directed by the Agency's
Administrator, and the shift to an enforcement-first approach to Superfund
cleanups.
In addition to providing significant support to negotiations and trial
preparation for major, complex Superfund cases, Headquarters staff completed
most of the remaining guidance necessary for implementing new authorities
provided in the SARA Amendments of 1986, including: procedures for employing
new administrative penalty authorities; new arbitration procedures; guidance
14-61
-------
for bringing actions for injunctive relief under CERCLA/SARA; a model litigation
report for Superfund enforcement cases; and guidance on landowner liability
under CERCLA/SARA.
Both Headquarters and Regional legal resources were devoted to substantial
up-front negotiations and preparation of referrals necessary to complete the
significant accomplishments cited above. Work also continued on a number of
landmark CERCLA cases. Enforcement attorneys extensively used cost-effective
administrative orders to compel PRP actions at sites. (Administrative authority
which allows penalty assessment provides a more timely and less staff-intensive
enforcement tool.) A total of 182 settlements for responsible party cleanup,
valued at $962 million, was reached in 1989.
In 1989, the Office of Federal Activities supported the Regions with a
technical assistance program featuring training on key aspects of Superfund such
as environmental review procedures; Subpart K of the NCP on Federal facilities;
and the negotiations process for Federal facility agreements. This office played
a critical role in ensuring that Federal agency staff obtain up-to-date guidance
and policy information to ensure that they met their responsibilities outline
in the statute and Executive Order 12580.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,572,400 supported by 17.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $32,100 and no change in workyears
from 1990. The dollar increase will provide for increased personnel and support
costs.
Criminal referrals and indictments continue to grow due to changes in
statutory authority and to the substantial increase in sites on the National
Priority List. Criminal sanctions under the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) have changed from misdemeanors to felonies (punishable
by a maximum of 3 years imprisonment, 5 years for second and subsequent
convictions) for failure to report releases of hazardous substances, for
destruction of records, and for submitting false information in a clean up.
Greater support from U.S. Attorneys (because of the felony sanctions) has
also enhanced the number of investigations opened. CERCLA cases have increased
over 50 percent because of the enhancement of criminal provisions in the Act.
It is expected that the number of these investigations will continue to grow.
In 1989, of the over 189 active investigations, approximately 85 are Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)/CERCLA violations, representing
approximately 48 percent of an agent's caseload and manpower commitments.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,540,300 supported by 17.2
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
14-62
-------
This program has as its basic goal the initiation and conduct of criminal
investigations under CERCLA. The Criminal Investigations Program takes the lead
in prosecuting criminal cases of national significance with precedent-setting
potential. The program also implements training programs for Agency personnel
in CERCLA criminal case investigations.
RCRA counts are often combined with CERCLA counts in criminal cases. Often
the Agency initiates investigations at apparently abandoned sites which may
require Superfund for clean up, but the eventual result is that the referral
contains RCRA counts which take precedence. Because of these situations, the
Agency's record-keeping systems sometimes disguise the amount of time spent on
CERCLA-related cases. These types of cases require the preponderance of our
field agents' time, accounting for approximately 50 percent of current agent
caseload.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,306,800 supported by 17.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1989, a record number of CERCLA investigations were opened. The Donohoo
case in the Atlanta Area Office was the first felony conviction recorded under
the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS)/CERCLA
in the United States. This trend is expected to continue and many CERCLA
investigations are, in fact, combined with RCRA investigations by our field
agents and prosecuting attorneys. Past case investigations show that Office of
Criminal Investigations field agents are spending considerable time on RCRA cases
and related CERCLA/SARA offenses. In 1987 there were 68 new cases, in 1988 there
were 97 new cases, and in 1989 there were 120 new cases.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - TECHNICAL SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,749,900 supported by 45.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents a decrease of $920,400 and no change
in total workyears from 1990. The decrease in dollars is due primarily to a
reduced level of required contract support.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will provide
necessary technical support to the increasing number of Superfund civil and
criminal cases. NEIC will conduct multi-media investigations at Federal
facilities or Government-Owned Contractor Operated (GOCO) facilities, which will
include an evaluation of past on-site hazardous waste disposal practices. This
information will be used to determine site-cleanup priorities and develop model
evaluation procedures and remedial programs applicable at other Federal or GOCO
facilities.
The NEIC function of developing procedures and protocols for preparing
novel enforcement cases and supporting evidence will be expanded to provide
Regional offices with advice and assistance on Section 106 Orders and subsequent
14-63
-------
potential judicial actions, technical assistance, and information integration
support in cost recovery actions. These activities will support the
recommendations in EPA's Superfund Management Review.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,667,300 supported by 45.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1990, NEIC's activities include providing technical consultation and
assistance in site evaluations and case preparations through:
a) extensive background information review and data and analysis;
b) field investigations, information retrieval and evaluations;
c) laboratory analysis;
d) report preparation;
e) supplemental technical information development;
f) fully defensible evidence and work products meeting all chain-of-custody
and document control requirements;
g) expert technical testimony; and
h) support during Superfund cost recovery activities against responsible
parties.
NEIC will continue to support evidence audit and computerized files
development for numerous sites and provides training, placement and oversight
of contractor evidence audit personnel in each Region. Extensive technical
assistance to EPA and states on laboratory analytical procedures; preparation
and handling of high hazard samples; disposal of hazardous laboratory waste;
sample shipping procedures; training of EPA and state inspectors on site
investigations and safety procedures; and in-depth studies of chemical hazards
to laboratory and field personnel engaged in hazardous waste investigations will
also continue.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989 the Agency obligated a total of $7,842,700 supported by 44.6 total
workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1989, as in previous years, NEIC provided financial assessments from
the Superfund Financial Assessment System (SFFAS) to enable enforcement attorneys
to estimate a responsible party's ability to pay clean-up costs at Superfund
sites. This system was used in dealing with responsible parties, including non-
settlers in the Resolve case in Region 1 and the Operating Industries case in
Region 9. In addition, potentially responsible party (PRP) information from
databases developed by the NEIC was provided as part of a networking effort to
14-64
-------
allow Regional attorneys to share litigation strategies when PRP's are identified
across Regions. Especially noteworthy accomplishments are:
a) characterization of hazardous waste ("fingerprinting");
b) inclusion of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA) requirements in investigating compliance at major
Federal facilities;
c) widespread Regional use of the contractor evidence audit litigation support
program; and
d) computerized information systems searches of PRP's.
14-65
-------
Management and
Support
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support 14-66
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters . . . . 14-71
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters . 14-72
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions .... 14-73
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants Management - Hqtrs . . 14-74
Hazardous Substance Contracts and Grants Management - Regions . 14-75
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters 14-76
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions , . 14-76
Hazardous Substance Computer Services 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters 14-77
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions 14-78
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General 14-79
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation 14-80
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller 14-82
Hazardous Substance - Executive Offices 14-83
Hazardous Substance - ORD - Management and Support 14-84
-------
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Super-fund
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Headquarters
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$8,228.8 $8,957.4 $8,991.1 $9,756.9
TOTAL $8,228.8 $8,957.4 $8,991.1 $9,756.9
$3,654.7 $5,749.9 $5,715.4 $6,693.7
TOTAL $3,654.7 $5,749.9 $5,715.4 $6,693.7
$10,093.5 $3,859.6 $3,851.7 $3,903.0
TOTAL $10,093.5 $3,859.6 $3,851.7 $3,903.0
$4,767.9 $2,491.0 $3,455.0 $3,812.9
TOTAL $4,767.9 $2,491.0 $3,455.0 $3,812.9
TOTAL
TOTAL
$9,692.3 $10,258.6 $11,027.1
$9,692.3 $10,258.6 $11,027.1
$1,821.1 $2,639.3 $2,908.8
$1,821.1 $2,639.3 $2,908.8
$788.0
$30,741.4 $32,484.0 $35,655.9 $39,212.9
TOTAL $30,741.4 $32,484.0 $35,655.9 $40,000.9
$765.8
$765.8
$978.3
$978.3
$51.3
$51.3
$357.9
$357.9
$768.5
$768.5
$269.5
$269.5
$788.0
$3,557.0
$4,345.0
14-66
-------
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Super-fund
Hazardous Substance
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
Office of Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$18,722.4 $14,732.8 $14,360.9 $17,337.9
TOTAL $18,722.4 $14,732.8 $14,360.9 $17,337.9
$9,247.8 $10.120.6 $9,987.9 $11,699.8
TOTAL $9,247.8 $10,120.6 $9,987.9 $11,699.8
TOTAL
$792.7
$792.7
$804.2
$804.2
$794.3
$794.3
$910.3
$910.3
$1,077.6 $1,145.3 $1,110.2 $1,173.0
TOTAL $1,077.6 $1,145.3 $1,110.2 $1,173.0
$6,612.3 $10,156.9 $10,057.9 $12,318.4
TOTAL $6,612.3 $10,156.9 $10,057.9 $12.318.4
$3,332.8 $3,237.0 $3,211.0 $3,449.6
TOTAL $3,332.8 $3,237.0 $3,211.0 $3,449.6
Hazardous Substance -
Executive Offices
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
$607.0 $1,003.7 $990.9 $1,481.0
TOTAL $607.0 $1,003.7 $990.9 $1,481.0
$409.4 $790.1 $1,300.6 $1,022.6
TOTAL $409.4 $790.1 $1,300.6 $1,022.6
$2.977.0
$2,977.0
$1,711.9
$1,711.9
$116.0
$116.0
$62.8
$62.8
$2,260.5
$2,260.5
$238.6
$238.6
$490.1
$490.1
-$278.0
-$278.0
14-67
-------
SUPER FUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance ORD
Management & Support
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance
Super fund
TOTAL
S220.2 $443. 2 $532.6
S220.2 £443.2 $532.6
$714.1
$714.1
$181.5
$181.5
TOTAL:
Office of Inspector $6,612.3 $10.156.9 $10.057.9 $13,106.4 $3,048.5
General
Hazardous Substance $91,896.2 $97,332.2 $102,855.4 $115,103.6 $12,248.2
Superfund
Management and Support TOTAL $98,508.5 $107,489.1 $112,913.3 $128,210.0 $15,296.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 53.4 56.9 56.9 56.9 0.0
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 81.4 100.9 97.6 100.9 3.3
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance 148.4 61.2 52.6 52.6 0.0
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 103.7 68.8 65.3 68.8 3.5
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance - 131.6 139.2 139.2 0.0
Contracts and Grants -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance - 57.0 53.8 57.0 3.2
Contracts and Grants -
Reg i ons
Hazardous Substance 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.0
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance 24.6 25.9 24.6 25.9 1.3
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance 53.2 67.8 67.8 84.8 17.0
Office of the Inspector
General
14-68
-------
ACTUAL
1989
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance -
Executive Offices
Hazardous Substance ORD
Management & Support
Development - Lab
Support
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
11.1 12.8 12.1 13.1 1.0
9.3 13.9 13.9 13.9 0.0
1.0 2.5 11.3 11.4 .1
1.8 1.8 0.0
496.1 611.3 608.9 638.3 29.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance -
Contracts and Grants
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
53.9 56.9 56.9 56.9
86.5 100.9 100.9 100.9
152.7 61.2 52.6 52.6
114.9 68.8 68.8 68.8
131.6 139.2 139.2
57.0 57.0 57.0
10.3 12.0 12.0 12.0
27.2 25.9 25.8 25.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.1
14-69
-------
ACTUAL
1989
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance -
Executive Offices
Hazardous Substance ORD
Management & Support
Development - Lab
Support
TOTAL WORKYEARS
53.4 67.8 67.8 84.8
11.5 12.8 13.1 13.1
9.5 13.9 13.9 13.9
1.1
2.5 11.3 11.4
1.8
1.8
521.0 611.3 621.1 638.3
17.0
0.0
0.0
.1
0.0
17.2
14-70
-------
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $128,210,000 supported by 638.3 total
workyears in 1991 all of which will be used for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $15,296,700 and 17.2 total
workyears from 1990.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,756,900 supported by 56.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $765,800 and no increase in total
workyears from 1990. This will provide for the implementation and maintenance
of an automated nationwide document storage and retrieval system and ah increased
cost recovery program.
The program will continue to provide the level of Headquarters financial
management support necessary to ensure the financial integrity of Superfund site-
specific cost accounting data. This encompasses the review and reconciliation
of Headquarters site-specific documents as they are being processed to assure
that the information is accurate as well as to assure that it is entered into
the Integrated Financial Management System accurately. It also includes
monitoring of Headquarters costs charged to site-specific accounts by EPA
employees, other Federal agencies, state and local governments, and commercial
entities to ensure that amounts are properly documented and within budget. The
program will also calculate and apply indirect cost rates to assure that full
Agency costs are charged to sites and claimed in cost recovery actions. In
addition, the program will provide for basic financial services including payroll
support, invoice and voucher processing, reports preparation, and funds control
for Headquarters.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,991,100 supported by 56.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide for basic financial services
and the purchase of an automated document collection and retrieval system that
is necessary to maintain pace with the increased requests for cost documentation.
These resources also provide for the establishment of current cost documentation
files in Headquarters so that costs claimed in cost recovery litigation can be
supported immediately. This is particularly important in bankruptcy cases where
time is of the essence. In the past, an extensive manual file search has been
necessary to gather documents that support costs being claimed. In addition,
these resources provide for an enhanced level of review and reconciliation to
ensure the integrity of Headquarters charges posed against site-specific accounts
in the Integrated Financial Management System.
14-71
-------
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $8,228,800 supported by 53.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provided for site-specific accounting
support and preparation of cost recovery documentation. Also provided were basic
financial services for the Superfund program such as payroll and invoice
processing.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,693,700 supported by 100.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $978,300 and no change in total
workyears from 1990. This will provide for the collection and verification of
regional cost documentation and the reconciliation of these documents with the
Integrated Financial Management System on a current basis. This will be done
by establishing a cost documentation file in each Region as costs are incurred
rather than gathering documentation at a later date. This will allow us to
respond immediately with documentation for bankruptcy cases where time is of the
essence as well as assure that all documents needed for protracted negotiation
or litigation are available when requested. Also included are resources
necessary to provide basic financial services to the Regional Superfund program
for payroll and voucher processing, funds control and reporting for management
and program purposes.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,715,400 supported by 100.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support the enhanced Regional Superfund
financial activities, specifically the cost documentation file.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,654,700 supported by 86.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. With these resources, the Regional financial management
offices provided site-specific accounting support and gathered regional cost
documentation as requested by Regional counsel when cases entered the negotiation
or litigation phases. Also provided were basic financial services for the
Regional Superfund program, such as payroll and invoice processing and reporting.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,903,000 supported by 52.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $51,300 and no workyears from
14-72
-------
1990. We will continue to effectively manage automated systems, provide
recruitment, staffing, and classification activities and provide sufficient
facilities management to support the overall Superfund program. We will develop
health and safety training courses, implement specialized medical monitoring
programs, and verify through technical support and environmental audits that
Superfund waste handled by EPA Laboratories is disposed in accordance with the
off-site disposal requirements of the statute.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,851,700 supported by 52.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Superfund appropriation. These resources enable the program to provide
centralized administrative and management services to Superfund activities.
We will provide for the intense and specialized training needs of Superfund
employees, and provide management and organizational analysis to strengthen
Superfund management processes. These resources will provide technical support,
guidance, training, and oversight to ensure that Superfund waste from EPA labs
is properly managed. We also plan to create a database on protective clothing
to enhance the health and safety of our employees. Resources are used to revise
or develop information systems including systems to track hazardous substance
release at Federal Facilities, and the administrative/financial systems used to
manage the Superfund Program.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $10,093,500 supported by 152.7
total workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources enabled the Agency to award and
administer the contracts and cooperative and interagency agreements required to
carry out emergency, enforcement, and remedial response activities and provided
central technical support for developing, operating, and maintaining all
automated Superfund information systems. The Agency completed environmental
audits at EPA laboratories to document the procedures for the disposal of
Superfund waste. We provided training to EPA labs on these requirements and
developed improved chemical protective clothing information. We also refined
health and safety standards and procedures, and maintained and supported the
Agency human resources requirements of the Superfund program staff.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,812,900 supported by 68.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $357,900 and no change in total
workyears from 1990. This change represents increases in personnel and expense
costs, increased costs of regulating Superfund clean-up sites, and increased
travel and training costs. Regional administrative management activities will
include: continuing recruitment of personnel to work in the area of hazardous
waste, assuring a reliable health and safety and environmental compliance
program, providing adequate ADP technical assistance to support the site-specific
14-73
-------
record keeping requirements of the Superfund program and improved information
systems for EPA and state operations.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,455,000 supported by 68.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide Regional Superfund
administrative support services.for personnel, health and safety, environmental
compliance of EPA facilities, and information management activities. The program
is placing special emphasis on efforts to recruit properly qualified personnel
and to provide for the intense and specialized training needs of Superfund
employees. Increased efforts are also underway in the area of information
resources management to efficiently respond to increasing program demands for
staff support.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $4,767,900 supported by 114.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of
administrative management services to the Regional Superfund program, including
contracting and procurement, personnel, health and safety, and information
management activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,027,100 supported by 139.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $768,500 and no workyear
change over the 1990 program. These resources will provide for increased award
and active management of a large number of complex contracts as well as provide
support for Superfund enforcement efforts. Quality control over contracts with
increasingly high obligation amounts includes the development and implementation
of strong conflict of interest guidelines and procedures. Current resources will
allow continued improvements in Superfund contract management initiatives. The
increased resources will provide more effective assistance and contracts
management through greater outreach to the Regions and states; ensure a more
aggressive Superfund cost-recovery documentation effort; support more oversight,
training and technical assistance to our Federal partners; and develop and refine
policy guidance and procedures for more complex procurement needs and cooperative
and interagency agreements and new grant programs. In Grants management, we will
implement the final Superfund regulation, and continue to increase efforts to
combat fraud, wasteland abuse in Superfund Federal assistance and procurement
programs.
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $10,258,600 supported by 139.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. We will continue to effectively award and manage
14-74
-------
increasing numbers of contracts as well as assure quality control over contracts
with high obligation amounts. In grants management, we will continue to award
and manage Superfund cooperative agreements, grants and Superfund Interagency
Agreements, develop suspension and debarment cases, implement an automated
Superfund Interagency Management System, and develop a training curriculum for
Regional grant personnel.
1989 Accomplishments
Resources for this program resided in Hazardous Substance Administrative
Management - Headquarters in 1989.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,908,800 supported by 57.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $269,500 and no change in total
workyears over the 1990 program. This change represents increases in personnel
and expense costs, increased costs of regulating Superfund clean-up sites, and
increased travel and training costs. This program provides the Regional
Superfund program offices with procurement and contracts management support for
the remedial and removal programs. The Superfund Regional Contracting Officer
program will continue to provide the Regional Superfund Program offices with
essential contracting expertise needed to actively manage the existing contracts
and place new contracts for the emergency and remedial response programs.
Documentation and strong management and financial controls will be critical for
enforcement and cost recovery efforts. The grants program awards, administers
and manages complex Superfund cooperative and interagency agreements and grants
for emergency and remedial response activities. Special emphasis will be placed
on accountability and ensuring that every Superfund assistance award complies
with regulatory and policy requirements and that recipients have the financial,
procurement and property systems to account for and safeguard Federal funds.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,639,300 and 57.0 total
workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
provide the Regional Superfund program offices with procurement and contracts
management support for the remedial and removal programs and grants management
to effectively award, administer and manage Superfund cooperative and interagency
agreements. The Regional Grants Management offices will also finalize
implementation of an automated grant document and an Interagency Agreement
Management System.
1989 Accomplishments
Resources for this program resided in Hazardous Substance Administrative
Management-Regions in 1989.
14-75
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,000,900 for this program, $39,212,900
of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation and $788,000
for the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of
$3,557,000 in the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation and $788,000 in
the Inspector General appropriation from 1990. The increase reflects the
additional management and support required for the operation of an expanding
Hazardous Substance Response program. It also provides for inflation/contract
rate increases and telecommunications requirements associated with regional
moves. These resources will fund the Hazardous Substance Response program's
share of Headquarters and Agency-wide costs. These costs will include:
facilities rental, Federal Telecommunications System, revisions and development
of information systems, utilities, local telephone services, printing and
copying, postage, other building and office services, and health and safety
training.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $35,655,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These
resources fund support costs in Headquarters which include facilities rental,
FTS, utilities, local telephone, and other related services.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $30,741,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These
resources were the Superfund program's share of the Agency management and support
costs needed to operate the Headquarters operations, which included facilities
rental costs, utilities, telephone charges, and other services.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,337,900 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This represents
an increase of $2,977,000 from 1990. This increase will provide for inflation
and contract rate increases, Regional moves, purchase of ADP equipment and
operation/maintenance costs for the Edison T&E Facility. This will also support
the operation of the Hazardous Substance Response program and will cover
utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying, minicomputer
operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services related to the
Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,360,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
program provides for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
14-76
-------
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $18,722,400 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
provided for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance, and all other support services
related to the Superfund program activities in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,699,800 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents
an increase of $1,711,900 which will be used to support the additional ADP
requirements for the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and
Liability Information System (CERCLIS), and the Superfund Contract Laboratory
Program data systems. These resources will provide centralized computing
services to the Hazardous Substance Response Program by the Agency's National
Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. These fund a portion
of the Center's costs for equipment, telecommunications, operating software
purchases, maintenance, and facility operations.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating $9,987,900 for this program, all of which
is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This amount reflects
an increase in the size and use of Hazardous Substance Response program data
bases and the Agency's administrative support of the-program.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $9,247,800 for this program, all
of which was from Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Response program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
In 1991, the Agency requests a total of $910,300 supported by 12.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $116,000 and no change
in total workyears from 1990. The increase will provide for increased personnel
and support costs.
The Office of General Counsel (OGC) will provide legal advice and
consultation on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program.
The OGC ^7ill support the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of policy
14-77
-------
and preparation of guidance documents for program implementation of the Superfund
program. This includes legal support to financial and administrative operation
of Superfund, including contract law, audits, cooperative agreements and FOIA.
The OGC handles Superfund litigation in which the Agency is a defendant.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $794,300 supported by 12.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC is providing advice and consultation on
guidance on program matters such as interpretation of the statute, development
of regulations, and changes to the National Contingency Plan; and defense of the
Agency in any litigation brought against it concerning CERCLA.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $792,700 supported by 10.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The OGC provided legal guidance in program matters such
as statutory interpretation, development of response priorities, review of
proposed regulatory actions, and defense of the Agency where litigation had been
brought against it concerning CERCLA.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL SERVICES - REGIONS
1991 Program Request
In 1991, the Agency requests a total of $1,173,000 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. This represents an increase of $62,800 and an increase
of 0.1 total workyears from 1990.
The Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal advice and consultation
on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program to the Regional
Administrators, Regional Superfund managers and State agencies. Principal
activities will be the defense of the Agency in CERCLA litigation filed against
it, participation in formal administrative proceedings, review of state
cooperative agreements, activities relating to access by the public to EPA held
information, development of the administrative record for the selection of
cleanup remedies, legal support to program response activities, and the provision
of a wide variety of legal counsel and advice to Regional, state, and local
program officials.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,110,200 supported by 25.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund Appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel will continue to
represent the Agency in regional defensive litigation concerning Superfund. In
addition, the Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal assistance by
reviewing state cooperative agreements for legal sufficiency; advising state
agencies regarding the legal requirements of the Superfund program; determining
14-78
-------
eligible uses of the Fund; and advising on the treatment of requests for EPA held
information.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,077,600 supported by 27.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel provided EPA and state
agencies with legal advice and consultation on matters related to the
implementation of CERCLA. Principal activities of the Offices of the Regional
Counsel included the conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of cooperative
agreements with states for site cleanup, and general legal support to the
Superfund program in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TRUST FUND - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,318,400 supported by 84.8 total workyears
for this program all of which will be for Hazardous Substance Trust Fund portion
of the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase of
$2,260,500 and 17.0 total workyears in support of the Inspector General's efforts
to perform audits on needs identified in the 1988 Superfund Strategic Audit Plan
modified to reflect new statutory requirements, Agency changes in Superfund
operations, and our audit experience. We will use these resources to (1) audit
critical Superfund remedial activities contracts such as Alternative Remedial
Contract Strategy contracts and subcontracts; (2) obtain engineers and scientists
to focus on complex, highly technical Superfund remedial investigations/
feasibility studies, and provide critically needed assistance to auditors and
investigators on follow-on audits of Superfund removal activities, unannounced
site visits, and construction phase of maturing remedial activities program; and
(3) investigate allegations of criminal activity and wrongdoing that have a high
potential for prosecution.
The OIG performance audits will emphasize (1) policy and program management;
(2) remedial cleanup activities; (3) removal responses; (4) enforcement; and (5)
program support initiatives. The OIG will expand its external audit coverage
as well as provide limited internal audit coverage to examine the economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness of the Fund's management. The OIG will continue
to investigate referrals of suspected criminal activity with high potential for
criminal prosecution. Also, investigative resources will enable the Office of
Inspector General to identify and eliminate situations which create the
opportunity for fraud and abuse.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total $10,057,900 supported by 67.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. These resources enable the Office of
Inspector General to continue meeting the statutory requirements placed on it
by Congress in the Superfund reauthorization. These annual requirements include
(1) auditing payments, obligations, reimbursements or other uses of the funds;
(2) examining a sample of agreements with States carrying out response actions;
14-79
-------
(3) examining remedial investigations and feasibility studies; (4) reviewing the
Administrator's status report on all remedial and enforcement actions; and (5)
reviewing the Administrator's estimate of the amount of resources necessary for
EPA to complete the implementation of its Superfund responsibilities. The DIG
will increase its program of external financial audits performed by public
accounting firms and other Government audit agencies as well as operate a limited
internal performance audit program to examine the economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness of the Fund's management. It will investigate referrals of
suspected criminal activity with high potential for criminal prosecution and
develop and present training for the identification of deficiencies and
indicators of wrongdoing.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $6,612,300 supported by 53.4
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. During 1989, the Office of Inspector General
issued 61 audit reports on the Fund. Performance audits focused on: improvements
in the management of removal actions; and improvements needed in the Agency's
accounting for Superfund costs, receivables and property. Superfund audits
questioned and recommended cost efficiencies totalling almost $274.5 million of
the approximately $800 million audited. Investigative efforts resulted in the
identification of several major schemes in connection with cleanup actions that
are being pursued for both criminal and civil prosecution.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,449,600 supported by 13.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $238,600 and no change in total
workyears from 1990. The increase results from the one-time reductions in 1990
associated with sequestration and Section 517.
In 1991, the Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will provide analysis to
support the renewed strategy for Superfund, e.g., worst sites first and enhanced
enforcement, and will identify issues for Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization
Act (SARA) reauthorization. Studies will be conducted using historical data to
develop models and approaches to reduce costs and time invested in site studies,
assure a reasonable relationship between risk reduction and cost effectiveness,
and augment and induce consistent, effective use of enforcement tools (i.e.,
penalties, unilateral orders, cost recovery).
The Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation (ORME)-formerly the
Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR)-will provide statistical support to
the program offices, completing the third and fourth guidance manuals for
determining when cleanup at Superfund sites meets applicable standards, and will
begin provision of training and assistance in the use of the manuals.
ORME will provide consultation on Superfund problems amenable to statistical
solution and will implement statistical methods developed for cost-effective
allocation of enforcement resources in Superfund activities. ORME will ensure
compliance of Superfund regulatory and policy documents with all applicable
14-80
-------
requirements, and support negotiation in rulemaking and broader application of
consensus-building techniques.
The Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP)-formerly the Office of Management
Systems and Evaluation (OMSE) - will complete development of environmental
indicators to support measuring environmental progress for the Superfund program
nationwide. OPP will continue to support the Agency's planning and performance
measurement management systems as they relate to the Superfund program.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,211,000 supported by 13.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA continues policy development and analysis of effects of the revised
National Contingency Plan (NCP) on program/enforcement implementation under the
SARA of 1986. It remains involved in the development, review, and analysis of
policy proposals, including extensive workgroup participation. OPA is analyzing
the potential for a cost-effective risk reduction model; studying new
alternatives to reduce time and cost of Superfund studies; assessing impacts of
hazardous waste cleanup on national technical and human resources; analyzing and
developing approaches to enhance enforcement; and analyzing the use and
effectiveness of institutional controls at Superfund sites.
OSR continues to provide statistical support to the program office,
designing statistical methodologies for Superfund site characterization and
developing guidelines for evaluating attainment of standards in additional media
at disposal sites. In the information policy area, OSR is initiating development
of expert system-based electronic data collection instruments which will replace
previously used paper forms, build in data quality and control, and provide data
in an electronic medium readily transferred to program office data bases.
Regulatory innovations are fostering greater participation by potentially
responsible parties (PRPs) and states in cleanups, increased use of innovative
technology, and consideration of wetland restoration by PRPs through mitigation
banks.
OMSE is developing Superfund indicators and providing support for the
Agency's planning and performance measurement management systems as they relate
to the Superfund program.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $3,332,800 supported by 11.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
OPA concentrated on policy development as the Superfund program implemented
the 1986 amendments and the revised NCP. It worked on the development, review,
and analysis of policy proposals, including extensive workgroup participation;
conducted comprehensive analysis of Superfund risk data; assisted the Regions
in implementing risk assessment methodologies and decision-making processes;
evaluated the impact of the amendments and the revised NCP on remedy decisions;
14-81
-------
and analyzed the role of states and citizens in the Superfund process as an
adjunct to OMSE studies.
OSR continued development of statistical guidance for determining attainment
of cleanup standards at Superfund sites, supported enforcement of Superfund site
cleanup, and provided statistical consultation on complex or unique problems.
OSR's efforts to develop innovative approaches to implementation of Superfund
included application of alternative dispute resolution to expedite Superfund
settlements and fostering of innovative cleanup technologies.
OMSE worked with the program office to identify and study Superfund
implementation issues to provide options for overcoming obstacles to effective
implementation of the Superfund program. The Superfund Indicators Demonstration
Project continued with focus groups including the public, the Congress, and other
interest groups to test the usefulness of measures for communicating progress.
OMSE evaluation studies included identifying and overcoming managerial,
organizational and institutional factors that adversely affect implementation
of the Superfund program. OMSE also studied the feasibility of evaluating EPA's
efforts to improve states' ability to deal with hazardous waste.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,481,000 supported by 13.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $490,100 from 1990. These
increases reflect the management and support required for an expanding Hazardous
Substance Response program, and expansion of the Agency's Productivity fund.
These resources will support: the preparation of the Agency's budget submissions
to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and Congress; response to
Congressional inquiries; analysis and review of major issues concerning workload
and pricing models; analysis of on-going resource issues related to the operation
and management of the Trust Fund; and internal controls of Superfund finances.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $990,900 and 13.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support on-going budget activities,
responses to Congressional inquiries, and analysis of on-going resource issues.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $607,000 and 9.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the OMB
and Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional inquiries, and
provided fund oversight activities including on-going resource reviews for the
Superfund program. In addition, the program conducted in-house studies on site-
specific charging.
14-82
-------
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - EXECUTIVE OFFICES
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,022,600 supported by 11.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $278,000 and an increase of 0.1
workyear from 1990. These resources will include support for the National
Environmental Service Officer (NESO) located within the Office of Regional
Operations and State/ Local Relations. The NESO will conduct management reviews
of Environmental Services Divisions (ESDs); develop Headquarters guidance to
ensure efficiency in the use of resources and improved planning/procurement
system; represent ESDs in the Superfund program planning and budget activities
including workload model development; ensure Superfund policies are effectively
communicated to ESDs; schedule and convene quarterly ESDs conferences; plan,
schedule and convene meetings of the Superfund Analytical Services Advisory
Committee; evaluate options for securing the most effective lab support to meet
Superfund goals; and review ESD lab capabilities and their cost effectiveness.
In addition, the Office of the Administrator will continue to use existing, and
develop new, communication vehicles to exchange information on acute hazardous
National Priority List (NPL) site activity, emergency planning, chemical release
information, and enforcement activity. The Office will also continue to work
closely with the Regions and newly established emergency response commissions
.and local emergency planning committees, and other citizen groups in site
activities. This program will also assist Federal agencies in addressing and
documenting over 3,000 sites in an EPA Federal agency hazardous waste docket,
as well as prepare guidance and technical assistance documents to assess sites
in the docket and, if listed on the NPL, to begin remediation efforts. Also,
grants training will be funded for small and minority contractors for cleanup
areas.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,300,600 supported by 11.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. The NESO will continue to provide the ESDs with
Headquarters policy guidance, oversight, and management support, in areas
affecting both ESDs and Superfund. In addition the Office of the Administrator
is supporting the Regions and assisting states and localities with plans to
respond to chemical emergencies. The Office is playing a critical role in
exchanging information with local health professionals, public safety officials,
local government and state government officials. Also, training is being
provided for small and minority contractors for cleanup areas.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $409,400 supported by 1.1 total
workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The Office coordinated the identification of inactive sites with other Federal
agencies; provided a wide variety of communication support, including the
development of fact sheets and publications; developed Section 120 implementation
guidance and policies related to Federal sites and played an active role in
assisting agencies in meeting Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
requirements; and worked on informatior exchange with state and local
14-83
-------
governments. In addition, the program provided the ESDs with policy guidance,
oversight, and management support; identified hazardous waste sites, provided
sample and site tracking, and developed a national equipment planning and
procurement process for ESDs to meet Superfund and other Agency needs.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $714,100 and 1.8 workyears for this program,
all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
represents an increase of $181,500. This increase reflects the increased costs
of operation. These resources will provide essential management support services
for remote laboratories of the Office of Research and Development (ORD) which
conduct research on hazardous substances. These resources will fund facilities
operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment operations, rental costs, and
other support costs essential for the management operation and maintenance of
ORD's remote laboratories that support Superfund research.
1990 Program
In 1989, the Agency is allocating a total of $532,600 and 1.8 workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources provide essential services, as described above,
required to operate and maintain ORD's remote laboratories in support of
Superfund research.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated $220,200 and no workyears for this program,
all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This
funding provided the essential ORD laboratory support services associated with
the Superfund research program.
14-84
-------
15. L.U.S.T.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 15-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology 15-6
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-7
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-10
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-12
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation 15-14
Administrative Management - Headquarters 15-15
Administrative Management - Regions 15-15
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-16
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-17
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE «
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL, Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust
$50,875.4 $74,822.0 $74,097.0 $75,000.2 $903.2
$574.8 $574.8
$50,875.4 $74,822.0 $74,097.0 $75,575.0 $1,478.0
PERMANENT UORKYEARS
TOTAL UORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
77.7 91.3 85.7 93.9 8.2
82.4 91.3 91.3 93.9 2.6
$32,859.0 $35,707.0 $35,489.0 $49,645.0 $14,156.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
of 1986, established the Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks Trust Fund and authorizes a total of $500,000,000
to be appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991.
15-1
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The goal of Subtitle I of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
(HSWA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986,
is to ensure the timely and appropriate remediation of facilities with leaking
underground storage tanks containing petroleum. Owners and operators of
underground storage tanks (UST) facilities have primary responsibility for
response actions to address leaking tanks,and they must maintain evidence that
they are financially capable of implementing corrective action. The Agency's
primary objective is to implement the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
program and administer the LUST Trust Fund through cooperative agreements with
the states. The Agency will conduct Federal response only under limited
circumstances.
The LUST Trust Fund is financed through a Federal tax on petroleum
products, and it may be used to: 1) identify owners/operators; 2) take
enforcement actions to compel owners/operators to conduct response actions; 3)
perform necessary response actions when the tank is abandoned or the
owner/operator is unable or unwilling to take action; and 4) pursue cost recovery
of Fund-financed cleanups from owners/operators. The LUST program provides an
incentive for states to recover funds expended on direct state cleanups --
recovered Trust funds remain at the state level and may be used for other
eligible activities under state cooperative agreements.
The Agency's national LUST program management approach is based on private
industry's franchise concept. This means that the Agency provides financial,
management, technical, and outreach assistance, while the states are primarily
responsible for implementing the LUST program under national program guidance.
EPA negotiates cooperative agreements annually with the states to plan,
develop, administer, and enforce the LUST cleanup program. This highly
successful management approach has resulted in 54 of the 56 states and
territories signing cooperative agreements to undertake the cleanup program.
By 1991, most state LUST programs will have developed response and
enforcement capabilities. As the deadlines for meeting leak detection
regulations, which require owners/operators to gradually institute an approved
method of leak detection on all of their USTs, continue to be phased-in, an
increasing number of tank releases are expected to be discovered and reported.
The state programs supported under the Trust Fund will continue to focus on
conducting the necessary compliance and enforcement work to get owners and
operators to take corrective action. EPA will continue to provide national
guidance and scientific and management support to the states.
Continue to Build and Implement Strong State Programs
The LUST request for 1991 is based on two major factors. First, the number
of leaks reported is expected to grow because of the continued phase-in of
Federal leak detection requirements. While the Agency is expecting that the
15-2
-------
majority of leaks will be addressed by owners/operators, continued funding is
necessary to enable states to conduct site investigations and to oversee
owner/operator cleanups.
Second, with resources provided through cooperative agreements, nearly all
states are expected to have achieved the response and enforcement capacity
necessary to implement their programs. Therefore, in developing these
agreements, the Agency will target resources for both enforcement and response
actions.
The Agency, in its franchising role, will continue to develop and
distribute practical program management tools for state and local governments,
including improved techniques for corrective action and assistance with achieving
compliance. Regions will identify specific program management processes which
can be improved and will provide on-going technical information, assistance, and
training support to the states.
Improve and Strengthen Enforcement
The Agency will continue to develop enforcement tools to assist states in
implementing the LUST program. The program will emphasize improving the quality
of corrective actions, reviewing corrective action plans, and identifying and
approving long-term monitoring needs. Headquarters will develop effective tools
to assist states in improving the responsiveness of owners/operators. Regional
staff will continue to provide technical assistance for state enforcement.
Provide Scientific Support for Field Response Actions
The Agency will provide technical support to the states and local agencies
responsible for the implementation of the LUST Trust Fund program. Technical
support will focus on providing scientific expertise on more rapid and lower cost
approaches for assessing site contamination and evaluating improved methods for
response technologies.
Continue Efficient Management Support
Management and Support will continue to assist the LUST program by
providing accurate and timely financial services, effective budgeting and funds
control, efficient contracts management, and centralized personnel services.
LUST Audit Support
The Office of the Inspector General will provide oversight of the Agency
and states in implementing the LUST program. The Office of the Inspector General
will initiate performance and financial audits, and investigations to ensure that
the program is being properly managed and to identify possible deficiencies.
15-3
-------
Research and
Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support 15-4
Environmental Engineering and Technology 15-6
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT
1989 1990 ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - LUST
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
$757.8
$757.8
$761.6
$761.6
$754.2
$754.2
$767.9
$767.9
$13.7
$13.7
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
$757.8 $761.6 $754.2 $767.9
$13.7
LUST Technical Support TOTAL $757.8 $761.6 $754.2 $767.9 $13.7
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - LUST
TOTAL PERMANENT UORKYEARS
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
-.1
-.1
TOTAL UORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering £
Technology - LUST
TOTAL WORKYEARS
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
-.1
-.1
15-4
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Principle Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical
Support.
1991: o Report on the field evaluation of soil washing technology at a LUST
site of opportunity
o Field evaluation of soil vapor extraction screening and design model
o Development and evaluation of soil vapor extraction "enhancements/co-
treatment techniques"
1990: o Report on the application (Screening/Protocol) of soil washing
technology at LUST sites
o Technical assistance documents on soil vapor extraction technology
application, design and evaluation at LUST sites.
o Feasibility evaluation of the application of electro-osmosis and low
temperature thermal desorption technologies for LUST sites.
1989: o Development and demonstration of UST corrective action case histories
database system
o Reports on site assessment and selection of treatment technologies
for corrective actions in the unsaturated and saturated zones at LUST
sites..
o Workshop/Proceedings on the application of soil vapor extraction
technology to LUST sites
15-5
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $767,900 supported by 1.9 total workyears
all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund.
This represents an increase of $13,700 and a decrease of 0.1 workyears from 1990.
The increase will fund increased personnel and support costs.
Program Objective
This program provides technical support to Federal, state, and local
agencies implementing the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund
Program.
Objective 1: LUST Trust Fund Technical Support. These activities provides
technical support to EPA's Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST), Regions,
states, and local agencies implementing the LUST Trust Fund Program. This work
contributes to ensuring the selection of the best available site assessment and
cleanup procedures by responsible authorities.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $767,900 supported by 1.9 total workyears
for this program all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage TanV:
Trust Fund. This represents an increase of $13,700 and a decrease of 0.1 FTEs
in workyears from 1990. The increase will fund increased personnel and support
costs.
In 1991, this program will evaluate selected cleanup technologies developed
for petroleum and hazardous chemical releases and demonstrate them at LUST sites.
These evaluations are an important form of technical guidance to provide cost-
effective corrective actions at LUST sites. Evaluations and demonstrations will
focus on soil washing and in-situ soil flushing techniques.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $754,200 supported by 2 .0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the LUST Trust Fund.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $757,800 supported by 1.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the LUST Trust Fund. The
program evaluated and demonstrated RCRA and CERCLA cleanup technologies developed
for petroleum and hazardous chemical releases for applicability to petroleum
leaks from underground tanks. Case studies of past and on going corrective
actions were performed and the outline of a guidance document on site specific
procedures for cost-effective corrective actions were prepared.
15-6 .
-------
Abatement and
Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ABATEMENT AND CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation 15-7
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines & Implementation
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE -
1990 1991 VS 1990
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
GU
Leaking Underground $47,915.7 $71,180.1 $70.331.6 $71,058.0 $726.A
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL $47,915.7 $71,180.1 $70,331.6 $71,058.0 $726.4
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground $47,915.7 $71,180.1 $70,331.6 $71,058.0 $726.4
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Guidelines & TOTAL $47,915.7 $71,180.1 $70,331.6 $71,058.0 $726.4
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Guidelines & 60.4 62.0 59.4 62.0 2.6
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
GU
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 60.4 62.0 59.4 62.0 2.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Guidelines & 63.9 62.0 62.0 62.0 0.0
Implementation - LUST
Trust Fund
GU
TOTAL WORKYEARS 63.9 62.0 62.0 62.0 0.0
15-7
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines and Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $71,058,000 supported by 62.0 total
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund appropriation.
LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $71,058,000 supported by 62.0 total
workyears for the 1991 Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
This represents an increase of $726,400 and no change in total workyears from
1990. This increase will be used to carry out site assessments, enforcement,
and corrective action work on Indian lands since these activities are not covered
by state programs.
The number of sites requiring response actions will increase as
owners/operators continue to install leak detection devices and as insurance
companies require testing for leaks prior to issuing owner/operator insurance
policies. By 1991, over 60 percent of the 2 million regulated underground
storage tanks will have been tested for leaks. As tanks are tested or removed,
increasing numbers of leaks will be discovered. The Agency estimates that 80
to 90 percent of the releases discovered will be addressed by the
owners/operators of underground storage tank facilities. However, Federal
assistance will be necessary to support states as they conduct site
investigations based on their priority lists, encourage owners/operators to take
appropriate action, and provide oversight of owner/operator responses. Direct
state response actions for some sites will require funding from the Federal Trust
fund or from state funding sources. When a leak is reported on Indian lands,
EPA will provide assistance to tribal leaders in site assessment, compelling and
overseeing owner/operator response, and enforcement.
The Agency will continue to support the development and implementation of
state response programs through LUST Trust Fund Cooperative Agreements and a
variety of mechanisms based on state needs. The Agency will design and
disseminate practical tools, techniques, and training (including handbooks and
videos) to help the Regions, states, and regulated community to address their
on-going workload and to improve performance in the field. EPA will also assist
states in developing their own state trust funds to finance responses at
abandoned sites or sites where the owner/operator is unable or unwilling to
respond. Additionally, EPA will continue to improve cost recovery projects in
the states to recover monies expended from the Trust fund. The funds recovered
by the states may be utilized to finance other LUST Trust Fund eligible
activities and projects.
15-8
-------
1990 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $70,331,600 supported by 62.0 total
workyears from the 1990 Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation.
The Agency will develop, maintain, and improve the national LUST management
system which is composed of state arid local programs. The Agency continues to
work with the states to improve their performance in site assessments and
corrective actions. Specifically, state projects will focus primarily on methods
needed to streamline site measurement techniques and to improve the quality of
corrective action plans.
The Agency will continue to develop and renew state Trust Fund Cooperative
Agreements. The Regions continue to make use of Targeted Improvement Projects
(TIPs) to test and disseminate improved tools, methods, and systems to support
the response program as it seeks to meet an increasing workload -- resulting
from the phasing-in of Federal leak detection and financial responsibility
requirements. Current development and pilot work focuses on streamlining the
state procedures for site closures, site assessments and corrective action plan
review. The Lust Trust Fund will continue to help the states identify and assess
leaking tanks sites, and to get owners to respond through a variety of
enforcement actions.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $47,915,700 supported by 63.9
total workyears from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation.
States have identified sites and encouraged owners/operators to take
response actions at their sites. States have also taken enforcement actions to
compel owner/operator response. A significant portion of these state efforts
are funded through LUST Trust Fund Cooperative Agreements.
The Agency has also conducted a number of pilot projects with states to
address specific implementation and field problems, such as improving site
assessments and corrective action methods. The Agency has developed an
enforcement strategy which focuses on achieving voluntary compliance through the
use of innovative and informal enforcement techniques. Although the states have
primary enforcement responsibility, support must come from the Agency when
necessary.
The Agency oversaw the development and implementation of state response
programs, and provided technical assistance to states that needed to develop
Cooperative Agreements to enter the program. Agency assistance included the
examination of state programs, procedures, mechanisms for addressing releases
and the use of appropriate program and fiscal management systems.
15-9
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Legal Enforcement 15-10
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Legal Enforcement
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT
1989 1990 ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST INCREASE +
1991 DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
$145.5 $266.1 $278.2 $280.0 $1.8
TOTAL $145.5 $266.1 $278.2 $280.0 $1.8
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Enforcement
$145.5 $266.1 $278.2 $280.0 $1.8
TOTAL $145.5 $266.1 $278.2 $280.0 $1.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
2.9
5.6
4.5
5.5
1.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
2.9
5.6
4.5
5.5
1.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
3.2
5.6
5.6
5.5
-.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
3.2
5.6
5.6
5.5
-.1
15-10
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Legal.Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $280,000 supported by 5.5 total workyears
for 1991, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,800 and a decrease of 0.1
workyears.
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $280,000 supported by 5.5 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,800 and a decrease of 0.1 total
workyears from 1990. The workyear decrease reflects a redistribution of
workyears within the Agency to accommodate the resource needs of the Office of
the Inspector General.
In 1991, Regional legal enforcement staff will provide technical assistance
and oversight to States by using informal or expedited enforcement approaches
to enhance effective State programs. Minimal Federal oversight and involvement
in enforcement actions will also continue. Emphases of the program will be:
1) initiation and follow through of enforcement activity, where a release from
an underground storage tank poses a major environmental emergency and 2) pursuit
of cost recovery where the LUST Trust Fund has been used for cleanup because
owner/operator insurance was inadequate. Federal enforcement actions will be
limited. However, there will be some instances where formal enforcement actions
(administrative compliance and judicial orders) will be used to compel response
actions by recalcitrant owners and operators.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $278,200 supported by 5.6
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
Regional legal enforcement staff are providing technical assistance and
cost recovery guidance to States, with signed Cooperative Agreements, for
enforcement activities. Coordination between States and EPA is required to
ensure uniform implementation, particularly regarding issues involving
enforcement actions, cost recovery, and financial viability of owners/operators.
Resources will strengthen State programs with a view toward increasing compliance
with LUST regulations. State Cooperative Agreements, negotiated with EPA, give
States authority to determine the need for and type of response actions. The
Federal role is to ensure that State enforcement programs comply with regulations
and to help identify and resolve State-specific enforcement issues.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $145,500 supported by 3.2 total
workyears from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
Workload of Regional legal enforcement staff primarily focused on providing
assistance to States in cooperative agreement negotiations.
15-11
-------
Management and
Support
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1991 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Management and Support 15-12
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation 15-14
Administrative Management - Headquarters 15-15
Administrative Management - Regions 15-15
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel 15-16
LUST - Office of the Inspector General 15-17
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL
1989
ENACTED
1990
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1990
REQUEST
1991
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
Adminisrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office Of Inspector
General - Lust
Office of Inspector
General
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
Office of Inspector
General
LUST Management &
Support
$300.5 $272.6 $270.0 $276.9
$300.5 $272.6 $270.0 $276.9
$1,612.0 $2,046.9 $2,198.0 $2,323.5
TOTAL $1,612.0 $2,046.9 $2,198.0 $2,323.5
$143.9 $294.7 $265.0 $293.9
TOTAL $143.9 $294.7 $265.0 $293.9
$574.8
TOTAL $574.8
$2,056.4 $2,614.2 $2,733.0 $2,894.3
$574.8
TOTAL $2,056.4 $2,614.2 $2,733.0 $3,469.1
$6.9
$6.9
$125.5
$125.5
$28.9
$28.9
$574.8
$574.8
$161.3
$574.8
$736.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Adminisrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Office Of Inspector
General - Lust
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
.8
.3
.3
.3
9.8 16.0 15.0 15.4
1.9' 5.4 4.5 5.3
3.5
12.5 21.7 19.8 24.5
0.0
.4
.8
3.5
4.7
15-12
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Management & Support
ACTUAL ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 1990 ESTIMATE 1991 DECREASE
1990 1991 VS 1990
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Pol icy,
Planning & Evaluation
Adminisrative
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Office Of Inspector
General - Lust
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.8
.3
.3
.3
0.0
9.8 16.0 15.7 15.A
2.8 5.4 5.7 5.3
3.5
21.7 21.7 24.5
-.4
3.5
2.8
15-13
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,469,100 supported by 24.5 total workyears
for 1991, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $736,100 and an increase of
2.8 total workyears from 1990.
POLICY AND ANALYSIS - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $276,900 supported by 0.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $6,900 and no change
in total workyears from 1990. The increase results from the one-time reductions
in 1990 associated with sequestration and Section 517.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will continue its support and
development of risk-based decision-making tools (both proactive and reactive)
for state underground storage tank (UST) programs to help states target leaking
(L)USTs that present the greatest risk. In addition, OPA will evaluate the UST
model (i.e., franchise approach, continuous improvement philosophy, Demming
management method) to assess whether the successes of the UST program may have
some applicability to the Agency's other contaminated media programs.
1990 Program .
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $270,000. supported by .3 total
workyear for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
OPA continues to assist the program in developing a better understanding
of the problem created by the approximately 3,400,000 USTs exempt from UST
requirements, as well as developing programs to control this problem. OPA also
is assisting states in developing better priority-setting and UST classification
schemes and tools to improve corrective action decision making. In each of these
areas, OPA is refining the tools and methodologies developed in 1989 to improve
their usefulness in a different state or local setting, expand upon their current
applications to include new ones (e.g., from reactive to proactive priority
setting), and evaluate how best to implement, deliver and distribute these to
states and possibly local communities.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $300,500 supported by 0.8 total
workyear for this program, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
15-14
-------
OPA continued its participation on two workgroups -- Financing
Responsibility Requirements (FRR) for Petroleum USTs and FRRs for Chemical USTs;
and assisted the program with the implementation of Technical Standards Rule. .
With emphasis shifting from policy development to implementation, it actively
assisted the program office in the analysis and evaluation of broad regulatory
and LUST Trust Fund issues and played an active role in the development of a
report to Congress on exempt farm and heating oil tanks. OPA also continued to
implement its LUST workplan, which covered a broad set of issues. These included
ground-water protection issues, such as the corrective action decision-making
process; and implementation analysis, such as facilitating risk-based decision
making in the field of data management tools for state UST programs. OPA also
initiated general policy studies, including measuring the LUST program's
environmental results.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,268,600 supported by 8.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $98,500 and a decrease
of .2 total workyears from 1990. These resources will be used to provide support
costs such as rent, utilities, security and mail operations for the LUST program
and administrative services, such as contracts, grants, health and safety,
environmental compliance, personnel support, and basic financial services such
as processing payroll and vouchers, and producing accurate financial reports.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,170,100 supported by 9.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are used to provide
support services, financial services, and administrative services as described
above.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $1,179,300 supported by 6.5 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources provided support services, financial services,
and administrative services described above.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1.991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,054,900 supported by 6.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $27,000 and a decrease
of 0.1 total workyear from 1990. Resources will provide support costs such as
rent, utilities, security, and mail operations for the LUST program. Basic grant
15-15
-------
management services will be provided as well as financial services such as
processing payroll and vouchers and providing accurate financial reports.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,027,900 supported by 6.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust appropriation. These resources are used to provide support
services and financial/grant services as described above.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, The Agency obligated a total of $432,700 supported by 3.3
workyears, all of which was from Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources were used to provide support services and
financial/grant services as described above.
LEGAL SERVICES - OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $293,900 supported by 5.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $28,900 and a decrease
of 0.4 in total workyears from 1990. The increase reflects increased personnel
and support costs.
The resources will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the Fund, supporting cooperative agreements
between EPA and States, providing advice and interpretations, and defense of the
Agency in legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust'Fund.
1990 Program
In 1990, the Agency is allocating a total of $265,000 supported by 5. 7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The request will provide legal support for the development of guidelines
and policies for administration of the fund; support cooperative agreements
between EPA and States; and provide advice, interpretations, and defense for the
Agency in legal actions taken against it regarding the Trust Fund.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, the Agency obligated a total of $143,900 supported by 2.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. Legal support was provided to the development of guidelines and
policies through advice, counsel and interpretations.
15-16
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS TRUST FUND - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1991 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $574,800 supported by 3.5 total workyears
for this program all of which will be for Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust
Fund portion of the Inspector General appropriation. This represents an increase
of $574,800 and 3.5 total workyears from 1990. Under the Inspector General Act
of 1978, as amended, the Office of Inspector General has authority to inquire
into the Agency's program and administrative activities and related activities
of all parties performing under contracts, grants, and other agreements with the
Agency. The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 established
the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust fund and authorizes a total of
$500,000,000 to be appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991. We have not
audited the trust fund activities in prior years in order to give the Agency
adequate lead time to get the program underway. The resources requested will
be used by the Office of Inspector General to initiate audits of the Agency's
progress in implementing the program and the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
.Trust fund's financial statements to ensure the program is being properly
managed, and to conduct investigations related to the fund.
1990 Program
In 1990, there were no requests for funding or workyears for audits or
investigations of this program.
1989 Accomplishments
In 1989, no funds were obligated for this program. We conducted a
preliminary audit of the Leaking Underground Storage Tank program to assist
management in identifying improvements in the program. The audit identified
recommended efficiencies of $901,310. Based on this initial audit, we believe
additional audits are necessary as the program matures.
15-17
-------
16. SPECIAL
ANALYSIS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SPECIAL ANALYSIS
Table of Contents
Page
EPA Organization Chart 16-1
EPA Regional Offices - Locations 16-2
Summary of Resources - by Appropriation 16-3
Summary of Resources - by Media 16-6
Object Classification - by Appropriation 16-10
Permanent Positions by Grade - by Appropriation 16-15
Average Grade and Salary 16-21
Summary of State Grant Resources 16-22
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Administrative
Law Judges
Civil Rights
Small &
Disadvantaged
Business Utilization
Science
Advisory
Board
Cooperative Environmental
Management
Executive Support
I
Assistant Administrator
for Administration And
Resources Management
1
Assistant Administrator
for
International Activities
1
Assistant Administrator
for Air and Radiation
As
ADMINISTRATOR As
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
1
Assistant Administrator
for Enforcement and
Compliance Monitoring
I
Inspector General
1
Assistant Administrator
for Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
As
1
General Counsel
1
Assistant Adminissrj
for Research and
Development
1
Assistant Adrn nistr
for
Water
sociate Administrator for
Regional Operations &
State/Local Relations
sociate Administrator for
Communications &
Public Affairs
sociate Administrator for
Congressional &
Legislative Affairs
1
Assistant Administrator
for Policy, Plann ng and
Evaluation
I
stor Assistant Administrator
for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
atcr
1
[Region 1
Boston
1
Region II
New York
1
Region VII
Kansas City
1
Region 111
Philadelphia
1
Region VIII
Denver
1
Region IV
Atlanta
1
Region IX
San Francisco
1 1
Region V
Chicago
1
Region X
Seattle
Region VI
Dallas
16-1
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations and States
Region I Headquarters. Boston. Massachusetts
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region II Headquarters. New York. New York
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters. Philadelphia. PA
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Region IV Headquarters. Atlanta. Georgia
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky
Mississippi, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee
Region V Headquarters. Chicago. Illinois
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin
Region VI Headquarters. Dallas, Texas
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas
Region VII Headquarters. Kansas City, Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region VIII Headquarters. Denver. Colorado
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Region IX San Francisco, California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada
American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territories of
Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana Islands
Region X Headquarters. Seattle. Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
16-2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority $
Obi i gat i ons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Research and Development
Budget Authority $
Obi igations
Outlays
Abatement, Control, and
Compl iance
Budget Authority $
Obi igations
Outlays . .
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority . $
Obi igations
Outlays ....
Office of Inspector General
Budget Authority $
Obi igati ons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obi igations $
Outlavs
Actual
1989
815,000.4
808,774.9
834,444.0
11,114.0
11,457.6
202.500.0
201,325.0
182,467.0
719,625.3
706,387.0
623.190.0
8,000.0
6.592.7
15,118.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
49.0
Enacted
1990
$ 861,026.6'
861,026.6
833,445.0
11,889.2
11,890.2
$ 237,757.0
235,581.6
222,729.0
$ 817,076.0
828,249.2
783,670.0
$ 14,768.0
24,543.6
19,453.0
$ 31,242.3
31,242.3
18,745.0
310.6
310.6
$ 0.0
250.0
Current
Estimate
1990
$ 863,998.1
863,998.1
836,000.0
11,368.7
11.751.2
$ 229,949.9
227,878.0
219,653.0
$ 796,914.6
807,943.0
775,802.0
$ 14,652.0
24.723.0
19,436.0
$ 30,903.3
30,903.3
18,542.0
310.6
310.6
$ 0.0
250.0
Increase/
Decrease
Request 1991 Req. vs.
1991 Current 1990
$ 999,700.0 $
999,700.0
969.794.0
12,540.5
12.540.5
$ 249,000.0 $
249,521.0
240,592.0
$ 865,300.0 $
863.659.0
832,359.0
$ 13,000.0 $
13,000.0
12.942.0
$ 38,709.0 $
38.709.0
30.951.0
350.4
350.4
$ 0.0$
250.0
135,701.9
135,701.9
133.794.0
1.171.8
789.3
19.050.1
21.643.0
20,939.0
68,385.4
55,716.0
56,557.0
(1,652.0)
(11,723.0)
(6,494.0)
7.805.7
7,805.7
12,409.0
39.8
39.8
0.0
0.0
16-3
-------
SUBTOTAL,
OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears . .
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority
Obi igations .
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears..
Construction Grants
Budaet Authority
Obi i gations
Outlays
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obi i gations
Outlays
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obi igations
Outlays
Actual
1989
$1,745,125.7
1.723,079.6
1.655,268.0
11,114.0
11,457.6
$1,410,000.0
1,543,719.5
958,195.0
2,424.0
2,796.4
$ 50,000.0
50,875.4
32,859.0
81.0
82.4
$1.950,000.0
2,531,237.0
2 349,827 0
$ 00
0.0
$ 806.7
(293.0)
Enacted'
1990
$1,961,869.9
1,980,643.3
1,878,292.0
12,199.8
12,200.8
$1,550.588.1
1.598.039.3
1.328.814.0
2.967.2
3,467.2
$ 74,822.1
78.279.6
35,707.0
91.3
91.3
$2.,018. 225.0
2.305,233.0
2,363,092.0
$ 50.0
250.0
$ 1,000.0
(200.0)
Current
Estimate
1990
$1,936,417.9
1,955,445.4
1,869,683.0
11,679.3
12,061.8
$1,530,228.1
1.578,322.0
1,324.538.0
3.345.7
3,467.2
$ 74,097.0
77.555.0
35,489.0
85.7
91.3
$1.991,720.0
2,305,233.0
2,362.668.0-
$ 50.0
250.0 '
$ 1,000.0
(200.0)
Increase/
Decrease
Request 1991 Req. vs.
1991 Current 1990
$2,165,709.0 $
2,164.589.0
2,086,888.0
12,890.9
12,890.9
$1,740.000.0 $
1,740.000.0
1,520,333.0
3,467.2
3,467.2
$ 75,000.0 $
75,000.2
49,299.0
90.4
90.4
$1,600.000.0 $
1,697,930.0
2,338.857.0
$ 50.0 $
250.0
$ 1.000.0 $
(200.0)
229,291.1
209.143.6
217,205.0
1,211.6
829.1
209,771.9
161,678.0
195,795.0
121.5
0.0
903.0
(2,554.8)
13,810.0
4.7
(0.9)
(391,720.0)
(607,303.0)
(23,811.0)
0.0
0.0
0.0
O.Ql
16-4
-------
Actual
1989
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obligations $ 43
Outlays 2.0
Reregi strati on & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obi igations $ 5 303 6
Outlays (16,040.0)
Permanent Workyears .... 132.0
Total Workyears 33 6
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations $ 15,751.7
Permanent Workyears .... 67 0
Total Workyears .... 66 6
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations ... $ 6 787 0
Reimbursements-R&D
Obligations .... $ 3 444 3
Reimbursements-AC&C
Obi igations $ 00
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority $5 155 125 7
Obligations .... 5,881,009 1
Outlays 4 979 818 0
Permanent Workyears 13 818 0
Total Workyears' 14.436.6
Increase/
Current Decrease
Enacted Estimate Request 1991 Req. vs.
1990 . 1990 1991 Current 1990
$ 10.0 $ 10.0 $ 10.0 $ 00
10.0 10.0 10.0 0 0
$ 33,851 0 $ 33 851 0 $ 18 000 0 $ (15 851 0)
(11,000.0) (11.000.0) 7.100.0 18 100 0
0.0 148.0 238.5 90 5
00 148 0 238 5 90 5
$ 20,000.0 $ 19,947.0 $ 20,000.0 $ 53 0
74 0 74 0 74 0 00
74.0 74 0 74 0 00
$ 30 000 0 $ 29 815 0 $ 30 000 0 $ 185 0
$ 5,000.0 $ 5 000 0 $ 5 000 0 $ 00
$ 00$ 00$ 5 000 0 $ 5 000 0
$5 605 505 1 $5 532 463 0 $5 580 709 0 $ 48 246 0
6 052,106 2 6 006 228 4 5 756 579 2 (249 649 2)
5 594 965 0 5 581 438 0 6 002 537 0 421 099 0
15 332 3 15 332 7 16 761 0 1 428 3
15.833.3 15.842.3 16.761.0 918.7
16-5
-------
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Media
(dollars in thousands)
Air
Budget Authority
Obi i gat i ons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Water Quality
Budget Authority
Obi i gations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Budget Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budaet Authority
Obi igations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Pesticides
Budget Authority
Obi igati ons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workvears
Actual
1989
$ 268,368.5 $
267,314.6
268,535.0
1,598.9
1,680.4
$ 289,822.2 $
285.340.7
270,382.5
2,010.7
2,142.8
$ 108.264.3 $
106,809.6
111 ,414.4
673.8
716.0
- $ 267,576.6 $
262,638 4
253,744.5
1,372.2
1,452.3
$ 118,662.1 $
117.961.3
87,286 2
795.7
845.3
Enacted
1990
294,000.9
291,008.6
290.932.9
1,756.9
1,756.9
350,292.2
355,063.1
334,643.9
2,283.0
2.284.0
122.399.3
122,356.1
124, 177.3
766.7
766.7
273,787.5
277,264 3
264,578.8
1,523.0
1,523.0
106.932.2
106,341.2
94 978 6
853.3
853.3
Current
Estimate
1990
$ 288,924.8
288,796.0
289,614.3
1,704.3
1,739.4
$ 345.339.5
350.177.0
333,127.9
2,125.0
2,215.9
$ 120-.796.3
121,059.0
123,615.1
743.9
768.0
$ 269,296.0
273,315.0
263.380.1
1.432.9
1.490.1
$ 104,765.7
104,303.0
94 548 0
957.3
990.9
Request
1991
$ 389,791.0
388,384.0
385,203.0
1,984.6
1.984.6
$ 379.096.5
378,871.0
358,749.0
2,311.8
2.311.8
$ 132.637.3
132.592.0
133.914.3
810.2
810.2
S 317.144.1
316.795.0
3C7.477.6
1.634.7
1,634.7
$ 110,072.7
110,116.0
99,855.8
1,091.7
1,091.7
Increase/
Decrease
1991 Req. vs.
Current 1990
$ ICQ, 866. 2
99,588 0
95,588.7
280 3
245 2
$ 23.757.0
2t,694 0
25.621 .1
186.8
95 9
i I'. .841.0
i'i .533.0
1C 299 2
65.3.
42 2
$ 47 843 1
'' 480 0
-'-; .097.5
201.8
144.6
$ : 307 0
5.815.0
5 308 8
134.4
100.8
16-6
-------
Radiation
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Noise
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Multimedia
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Energy
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Management and Support
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Actual
1989
24,626.9 $
24,744.1
22,383.1 '
184.1
194.0
0.0 $
0.0
12.2
80,339.0 $
79,864.2
66,049.9
597.7
640.9
144.578/0 $
143.120.0
143.200.2
815.9
862.0
54,735.7 $
54,478.9
57,314.6
62.8
67.2
380.152.4 $
374.215.1
359,827.4
2,700.3
2,894.3
Enacted
1990
35,862.8
35,528.6
31,472.9
220.2
220.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
123,625.4
122,883.2
115.606.1
773.0
773.0
158,358.6
157,537.5
140,097.6
906.6
906.6
33,480.8
33,555.0
45.735.0
52.4
52.4
423,427.7
429.639.5
396.256.0
2,996.9
2,996.9
Current
Estimate
1990
$ 35,071.5
34,849.0
31,330.5
214.2
216.8
$ 0.0
0.0
0.0
$ 126.861.2
122.626.0
115.082.1
721.1
742.3
$ 155,862.8
155.212.0
139.462.9
855.4
876.1
$ 32,171.9
32,822.0
45.527.6
51.8
51.8
$ 418,023.3
422,916.6
394,460.5
2,943.6
3,050.7
Request
1991
.$ 39,109.7
38,602.0
35.040.9
240.8
240.8
$ 0.0
0.0
0.0
$ 166,419.4
166,069.0
153.027.4
841.5
841.5
$ 113.439.0
114.439.0
104,527.4
88C.2
885.2
$ 14,256.7
14,730.0
28,502.8
30.4
30.4
$ 477,061.2
477,307.2
456,922.8
3,209.2
3.209.2
Increase/
Decrease
1991 Req. vs.
Current 1990
$ 4,038.2
3.753.0
3,710.4
26.6
24.0
$ 0.0
0.0
0.0
$ 39,558.2
43,443.0
37,945.3
120.4
99.2
$ (42,423.8)
(40,773.0)
(34,935.5)
20.8
10.1
1 (17,915.2)
(18.092.0)
(17,024.8)
(21.4)
(21.4)
$ 59,031.9
54,390.6
62,462.3
255.6
158.5
16-7
-------
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority.
Obi igations
Outlays
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority...
Obiigations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Construction Grants
Budget Authority.
Obiigations
Outlays
Operations, Research
and Faci1ities
Obiigations..
Outlays
Tolerances
Revolving Fund
Obiigations.
Outlays
Misc. Contrib. Funds
Obiigations.
Outlays
$
$1
1
$
$1
2
2
$
-$
$
Actual
1989
8,000.0
6,592.7
15,118.0
,410,000.0
,543,719.5
958,195.0
2,621.5
2.799.4
50,000.0
50,875.4
32,859.0
77.7
82.4
,950,000.0
,531,237.0
,349,827.0
0.0
0.0
806.7
(293.0)
4.3
2.0
Enacted
1990
$ 14,768.0
24.543.6
19,543.0
$1,560,745.0
1,608,194.3
1.334,907.0
3,035.0
3,535.0
$ 74.822.0
78,279.6
35,707.0
91.3
91.3
$2,018,225.0
2,305.233.0
2,363,092.0
$ 50.0
250.0
$ 1,000.0
(200.0)
$ 10.0
10.0
Current
Estimate
1990
$ 14,652.0
24,723.0
19.436.0
$1.540,286.0
1.588,379.8
1,330,631.0
3.413.5
3,535.0
$ 74,097.0
77,555.0
35,489.0
85.7
91.3
$1,991,720.0
2.305.233.0
2.362,668.0
S 50.0
250.0
$ 1,000.0
(200.0)
$ 10.0
10.0
Request
1991
$ 13,000.0
13,000.0
12,942.0
$1,753,106.4
1,753,107.0
1,530.711.0
3,552.0
3,552.0
$ 75.575.0
75.575.0
49,645.0
93.9
93.9
$1.600,000.0
1.697.930.0
2.338.857.0
S 50.0
250.0
S 1,000.0
(200.0)
$ 10.0
10.0
Increase/I
Decrease
1991 Req. vs.
Current 1990
$ (1.652.0)
(11,723.0)
(5,494.0)
$ 212,820.4
1C-:, 727. 2
200,080.0
138.5
17.0
$ !. 478.0
(1,980^
I'M 560
8.2
2.6
$ (391,720.0)
(607,303.0)
(23,811.0)
$ 0.0
0.0
$ 0.0
0.0
$ o{
O.u
16-8
-------
Actual
1989
Enacted
1990
Current
Estimate
1990
Request
1991
Increase/
Decrease
1991 Req. vs.
Current 1990
Reregistration & Expedited
Processing Revolving Fund
Obligations $ 5,303.6 $ 33,851.0 $ 33,851.0 $ 18.000.0 $ (15,851.0)
Outlays (16,040.0) (11,000.0) (11,000.0) 7,100.0 18,100.0
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations $ 15/751.7 $ 20,000.0 $ 19,947.0 $ 20,000.0 $ 53.0
Permanent Workyears 64.9 74.0** 74.0** 74.0 0.0
Total Workyears 66.6 74.0** 74.0** 74.0 0.0
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations $ 6,787.0 $ 30,000.0 $ 29,815.0 $ 30,000.0 $ 185.0
Reimbursements-R&D
Obligations $ 3.444.3 $ 5,000.0 $ 5,000.0 $ 5.000.0 $ 0.0
Reimbursements-AC&C
Obligations $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 .$ 5.000.0 $ 5,000.0
TOTAL, EPA .
Budget Authority $5,155,125.7 $5.605,505.0* $5,532.463.0* $5,580,709.0 48,246.0
Obligations 5,881,009.1 6.052,106.2* 6,006,228.4* 5,756.579.2 (249.649.2)
Outlays 4,979.818.0 5,594.965.0* 5.581,438.0* 6.002,537.0 421,099.0
Permanent Workyears 13.576.2 15.332.3 15,332.7 16.761.0 1,428.3
Total Workyears 14.443.6 15,833.3 15.842.3 16,761.0 918.7
* Enacted 1990 BA and Obligation totals include $14,767.6 in undistributed funds.
1990 Current Estimate BA and Obligation totals include $14,589.0 in undistributed funds.
Enacted 1990 Outlays include $14,176.9/1990 Current Estimate outlays include $14,005.0
in undistrubuted funds.
** Includes 12 FTE for Ocean Dumping ( 10 in Water Quality and 2 in Multimedia ).
16-9
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1989
Current
Estimate
1990
Request
1991
Increase/
decrease
1991 Req. vs
Current 1990
Salaries and Expenses
Personnel Services $ 535,957.0 $ 556,234.0 $ 580,051.0 $ 23,817.0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, uti li ties,
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
32.0 Land and structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
i ndemni ties
21,366.0
2,139.0
47,540.0
14,767.0
28,697.0
6,217.0
92,250.0
15,480.0
39,831.0
57.0
4,442.0
32.0
25,747.0
2,378.0
52,849.0
16,416.0
31,902.0
6,911.0
109,728.0
17,209.0
44,279.0
63.0
246.0
36.0
32,475.0
3,603.0
80,087.0
24,877.0
48,344.0
10,473.0
123,815.0
26,078.0
67,100.0
96.0
2,647.0
54.0
6,728.0
1,225.0
27,238.0
8,461.0
16,442.0
3,562.0
14,087.0
8,869.0.
22,821.0
33.0
2,401.0
18.0
subtotal, other objects... 272,818.0 307,764.0 419,649.0 111,885.0
Total obligations... 808,775.0 863,998.0 999,700.0 135,702.0
1.6-10
-------
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1989
Office of the Inspector General
Increase/
Current decrease
Estimate Request 1991 Req. vs
1990 1991 Current 1990
Personnel Services.
0.0
13,921.0
14,920.0
999.0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.3 Communications,utilities,
and misc. charges
25.0 Other services
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations (DIG)....
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,806.0
2,197.0
1,970.0
11,009.0
16,982.0
30,903.0
2,484.0
4,244.0
3,805.0
13,256.0
23,789.0
38,709.0
678.0
2,047.0
1,835.0
2,247.0
6,807.0
7,806.0
Research and Development
24.0 Printing and reproduction $
25.0 Other services
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
194.0 $
130,494.0
3,589.0
67,048.0
0.0 $
136,273.0
11 600.0
80 005.0
0.0 $
150,339.0
11,600.0
87,582.0
0.0
14,066.0
0.0
7,577.0
Total obligations.
201,325.0
227,878.0
249,521.0
21,643.0
16-11
-------
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1989
Current
Estimate
1990
Request
1991
Increase/
decrease
1991 Req. vs
Current 1990
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons $ 295.0 $ 641.0 $ 750.0 $ 109.0
22.0 Transportation of things. 3.0 21.0 21.0
23.3 Communications,utiIities,
and misc. charges 29.0 2.0 206.0 204.0
24.0 Printing and reproduction 240.0 19.0 1,701.0 1,682.0
25.0 Other services 317,038.0 411,803.0 404,268.0 (7,535.0)
26.0 Supplies and materials... 64.0 5.0 454.0 449.0
31.0 Equipment 1,555.0 121.0 11,021.0 10,900.0
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 387,163.0 395,352.0 445,238.0 49,886.0
Total obligations 706,387.0 807,943.0 863,659.0 55,716.0
Buildings and Facilities
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons $ 91.0 $ 213.0 $ 235.0 $ 22.0
25.0 Other services 4,971.0 18,873.0 12,765.0 (6,108.0)
26.0 Supplies and materials... 6.0 0.0
32.0 Land and structures...... 1,524.0 5,637.0 (5,637.0)
Total obligations (BSF)
6,592.0
24,723.0
13,000.0
(11,723.0)
16-12
-------
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Hazardous Substance Super-fund
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portat i on of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment...
32.0 Land and structures
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
cont r i but i ons
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
subtotal, other objects
Subtotal direct obligations..
ALLOCATION ACCOUNTS
Personnel Services
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.3 Communications, uti lities,
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
subtotal, allocation accts.
Reimbursable obligations
Total obligations
Actual
1989
$ 123,598.0
9 916.0
596.0
11,510.0
2,458.0
6,922.0
1,019.0
1,045,364.0
3,781.0
18,714.0
5.0
269,056.0
2.0
1,369,343.0
1,492,941.0
12,448.0
1,743.0
93.0
57.0
350.0
708.0
30,066.0
310.0
2,632.0
2,372.0
50,779.0
24,327.0
1.568.D47.D
Current
Estimate
1990
$ 138,546.0
11 808.0
739.0
14,264.0
3,046.0
8,578.0
1,263.0
1,020,238.0
4,686.0
23,192.0
6.0
300,536.0
2.0
1,388,358.0
1,526,904.0
12,605.0
1,765.0
94.0
58.0
354.0
717.0
30,444.0
314.0
2,665.0
2,402.0
51,418.0
29,815.0
1,608,137.0
Request
1991
$ 143,100.0
11,757.0
1,358.0
26,218.0
5,599.0
15,767.0
2,321.0
1,131,167.0
8,612.0
42,627.0
11.0
300,536.0
5.0
1,545,978.0
1,689,078.0
12,483.0
1,748.0
93.0
57.0
351.0
710.0
30,151.0
311.0
2,639.0
2,379.0
50,922.0
30,000.0
1,770,000.0
Increase/
decrease
1991 Req. vs
Current 1990
$ 4,554.0
(51.0)
619.0
11,954.0
2,553.0
7,189.0
1,058.0
110,929.0
3,926.0
19,435.0
5.0
0.0
3.0
157,620.0
162,174.0
(122.0)
(17.0)
(1.0)
(1.0)
(3.0)
(7.0)
(293.0)
(3.0)
(26.0)
(23.0)
(496.0)
185.0
161,863.0
16-13
-------
LUST Trust Fund
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
(dollars in thousands)
Actual
1989
Current
Estimate
1990
Request
1991
Increase/
decrease
1991 Req. vs
Current 1990
Personnel Services $ 3,686.0 $ 2,204.0 $ 2,300.0 $
96.0
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications.uti I i ties.
and misc. charges
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations (LUST)...
256.0
14.0
502.0
75.0
85.0
53.0
3,524.0
47.0
317.0
42,316.0
47,189.0
50,875.0
459.0
17.0
626.0
94.0
106.0
66.0
3,782.0
59.0
395.0
69,747.0
75,351.0
77.555.0
955.0
27.0
969.0
145.0
164.0
102.0
3,972.0
91.0
612.0
65,663.0
72,700.0
75,000.0
496.0
10.0
343.0
51.0
58.0
36.0
190.0
32.0
217.0
(4,084.0)
(2,651.0)
(2,555.0)
16-14
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades 1989 1990 1991
Executive Level II 1 1 1
Executive Level III 1 1 1
Executive Level IV 7 8 9
Subtotal ..... 9 10 11
ES-6 7 8. 9
ES-5 36 38 43
ES-4 87 90 99
ES-3 65 67 74
ES-2 15 16 18
ES-1 15 16 18
Subtotal .... 225 235 261
GS-17 1 1 ,1
GS-16 10 10 11
GS/GM-15 699 716 790
GS/GM-14 1,409 1,439 1,582
GS/GM-13 2,101 2,144 2,360 '
GS-12 2,079 2,121 2,335
GS-11 1,080 1,100 1,208
GS-10 66 68 75
GS-9 767 786 867
GS-8 206 212 235
GS-7 859 880 971
GS-6 514 527 581
GS-5 552 566 625
GS-4 236 242 267
GS-3 42 43 48
GS-2 11 11 13
Subtotal .... 10,632 10,866 11,969
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 06, $33,880 to
$58,525 .47 49 54
Senior Grade 05, $27,094 to
$47,750 93 96 107
Full Grade 04, $22,842 to
$39,931 38 40 45
Assistant grade 03, $21,226
to $34,535 6 7 9_
Subtotal .... 184 192 215
Positions established by act of
November 16, 1977 (42 U.S.C. 201)
compensation for which is not to
exceed the maximum payable for a
GS-18 " . . . .
Ungraded
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS'
14
50
15
51
11,114 11,369
17
56
12,529
16-15
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
Grade's "
Executive Level V ....
ES-5
ES-4 .
ES-3 /
Subtotal . .
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13 ..."
GS-12:
GS-11
GS-10
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6 "
GS-5
GS-4
GS-3
GS-2
Subtotal . .
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1989 1990 1991
20
40
80
61
20
2
19
3
35
8
7
7
1
1
304
23
45
91
69
23
2
21
3
39
9
343
311
350
16-16
-------
Grades
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPERFUND
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1989 1990 1991
ES-5 1 2 2
ES-4 8 'II 11
ES-3 . . . 8 11 11
ES-2 4 6 6
ES-1 1 2 2_
Subtotal .... 22 32 32
GS/GM-15 85 117 . . , 121
GS/GM-14 200 276 '. ' 286
GS/GM-13 549 758 . 786
GS-12 641 881' 913
GS-11 281 388 ' : 403
GS-10 1 2. 2
GS-9 129 ' 178 ' ' 184
GS-8 12 17 18
GS-7 143 197 205
GS-6 84 116 120
GS-5 153 211 ' 219
GS-4 97 134 139
GS-3 8 11 11
GS-2 1 2 2_
Subtotal .... 2,384 3,288 3,409
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director Grade 06, $33,880 to
$58,525 7 10 10
Senior Grade 05, $27,094 to
$47,750. 5 7 7
Full Grade 04, $22,842 to
$39,931 4 6 6
Assistant grade 03, $21,226
to $34,535 2 3 3_
Subtotal .... 18 26 26
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS . . 2,424 3,'346 3,467
16-17
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST)
Grades
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12
GS-11
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6 ....
GS-5
GS-4
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
Actual
1989
3
4
18
24
16
7
1
.2
1
3
2
Current
Estimate
1990
3
4
19
27
17
7
1
2
1
3
2
Estimate
1991
3
4
20
29
18
7
1
2
1
3
2
81
86
90
16--18
-------
Grades
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE AND RODENTICIDE ACT
(FIFRA REVOVLING FUND)
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1989 1990 1991'
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14 . .
GS/GM-13 . .
GS-12
GS-11
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4
GS-3
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
4
14
18
17
20
28
2
17
3
5
3
1
132
4
16
20
19
22
33
2
19
3
6
3
1
148
' 6 .
26
'"-'32
31,
36
52.
3".
31
' 5
10
' 5' ':
2
239
16-19
-------
Grades
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12 . ,
GS-11 . .
GS-10 . ,
GS-9 . ,
GS-8 . .
GS-7 . .
GS-6 . .
GS-5 . .
ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions by Grade
'.'..''... .1 -
REIMBURSABLES
(SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1989 1990 1991
Subtotal ....
Positions established by act of
July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207)
Director grade 06, $33,880 to
$58,525 .....
Senior grade 05, $27,094 to
$47,750
Full grade 04, $22,842 to
$39,931 . .
. Subtotal ....
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS . .
4- '
3
9
8
9
3
8
2
8
1
6
61
4
1
1
6
67
4
3
10
9
10
3
9
2
10
1
7
68
4
1
1
6
74
4
3
10
9
10
3
9
2
10
1
7
68
4
1
1
6
74
16-20
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Average Grade 7and Salary
Appropriation/Pay Plan
Salaries and Expenses
Average ES Salary . . ".'":"".
Average GS/GM Grade ....
Average GS/GM Salary . . .
Average Salary of Ungraded
Positions
Office of the Inspector General
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade ....
Average GS/GM Salary . . .
Superfund
Average ES Salary
Average GS/GM Grade ....
Average GS/GM Salary ...
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
1989 1990 1991
$75,632 $78,355
10.9 10.9
$38,869 $40,268
$76,519
11.2
$39,682
$74,768 $77,460
10.8 10.8
$36,545 $37,.861
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Average GS/GM Grade .... 11.2
Average GS/GM Salary ... $37,740
FIFRA Revloving Fund
Average GS/GM Grade .
Average GS/GM Salary
Reimbursables
Average GS/GM Grade .
Average GS/GM Salary
10.3
$32,716
11.3
$39,098
10.2
$33,894
10.2 10.1
$3,5,1.29 .-$36,394
$81;
10.9.
$41,718'
$14,002 $14,506 $15',028
$79,274
11.3
$80,248
10.8
$39,224
11.3
$40,505
' 10.2
$35,114
10.1
$37,704
TOTAL AGENCY AVERAGE
Average ES Salary . . . . .
Average GS/GM Grade . . . .
Average GS/GM Salary . . .
Average Salary of Ungraded
Positions .
$75,200 $77,445 $80,233
10.6 10.7 10.7
$36,200 $37,866 $39,229
$14,002 $14,506 $15,028
16-21
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of State Grant Resources
(In thousands of dollars)
AIR
Section 105
WATER QUALITY
Section 106
Clean Lakes
Nonpoint Source
Wetlands Program
Implementation
Water Quality
Management
DRINKING WATER
Public Water'Systems
Program Grants
Underground Injection
Control Program
Special Studies
' HAZARDOUS WASTE
H.W. Financial
Assistance
Underground Storage .
Tanks
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Pesticides Program
Implementation
RADIATION
Radon State Grants
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
SUBTOTAL.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1989
$101,478.5
76,496.9
67.472.5
9,024.4
0.0
0.0
0.0'
46,163.1
33.042.8
10,120.3
3,000.0
75,931.7
66,753.0
9,178.7
12.906.1
8,928.0
3,978.1
0.0
2,102.1
$315,078.4
2,531,237.3
$2,846,315.7
CURRENT
ESTIMATE .
1990
$99,181.4
119,494.9
72,599.1
8,747.7
36,933.1
1.215.0
0.0
54,863.4
39,311.5
11,177.8
4.374.1
76,779.1
68,031.7
8.747.4
24.593.0
12.444.0
12,149.0
8,972.1
3,110.3
$386,994.2
1,991,720.0
$2,378,714.2
REQUEST
1991
$137,700.0
117.450.0
81,700.0
0.0
14.250.0
5.000.0
16.500.0
58,950.0
47,450.0
10.500.0
1,000.0
97.000.0
88,000.0
9.000.0
30.303.4
15.803.4
14,500.0
9.000.0
5,100.0
$455,503.4
1.600.000.0
$2.055.503.4
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1991 VS 1990
$38,518.6
(2,044.9)
9,100.9
(8,747.7)
(22.683.1)
3.785.0
16.500.0
4,086.6
8,138.5
(677.8)
(3.374.1)
20,220.9
19.968.3
252.6
5,710.4
3,359.4
2,351.0
27.9
1,989.7
$68,509.2
(391.720.0)
($323,210.8)
16-22
------- |