United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
FISCAL YEAR 1989
JUSTIFICATION OF APPROPRIATION
ESTIMATES FOR COMMITTEE ON
APPROPRIATIONS
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUBJECT INDEX 8
SUMMARY S-l
AIR A-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research A-8
Scientific Assessment A-l5
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance A-16
Health Effects A-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology... A-18
Environmental Processes and Effects A-19
Characterization, Transport and Fate A-20
Stratospheric Modification A-21
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards A-24
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment A-27
Pollutant Strategies & Air Standards Development A-28
State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development.. A-30
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy A-32
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization A-34
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support A-36
Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance A-37
State Programs Resource Assistance A-40
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) A-42
Training A-45
Air Quality Management Implementation A-46
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment A-51
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring A-53
Air Quality & Emissions Data Management & Analysis A-55
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement A-59
Mobi 1 e Source Enforcemen t A-64
WATER QUALITY WQ-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WQ-10
Scientific Assessment WQ-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance WQ-16
Health Effects WQ-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology WQ-18
Environmental Processes and Effects WQ-19
Great Lakes WQ-20
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
WATER QUALITY (Continued) Page
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management WQ-22
Water Quality Management... WQ-25
Great Lakes Program WQ-26
Chesapeake Bay Program WQ-28
Effluent Standards & Guidelines WQ-31
Grants Assistance Programs WQ-34
Clean Lakes Program WQ-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) WQ-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WQ-38
Dredge & Fill WQ-42
Ocean Disposal Permits WQ-44
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention WQ-46
Standards & Regulations WQ-47
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-49
Coastal Environment Management WQ-51
Water Quality Monitoring ft Analysis WO-54
Municipal Source Control WQ-57
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction WQ-59
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance WQ-61
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement .. WQ-64
Water Quality- Permit Issuance WO-69
DRINKING WATER DW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research.; nw-9
Sclentific Assessment OW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance nw-15
Health Effects DW-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology nui-17
Environmental Processes and Effects DW-18
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines nw-20
Criteria, Standards ft Guidelines..; DW-21
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance nw-24
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants DW-25
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-27
Special Studies & Demonstrations DW-28
Drinking Water Management HW-30
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-32
Underground Injection Control Program DW-34
Ground-Water Protection HW-37
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement DW-42
HAZARDOUS WASTE HW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research HW-8
Sci enti f i c Assessment HW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance HW-15
2
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
HAZARDOUS WASTE (Continued) Page
Health Effects HW-lfi
Environmental Engineering and Technology HW-17
Environmental Processes and Effects........ HW-18
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research HW-19
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-21
Regulations, Guidelines * Policies - Hazardous Waste HW-25
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air & Radiation HW-27
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water.. HW-27
Regulations, Guidelines A Policies - Underground Storage Tanks... HW-30
Financial Assistance HW-32
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States HW-33
Hazardous Waste Initiative Grants HW-35
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants HW-36
Waste Management Strategies Implementation HW-37
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-39
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III HW 42
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-45
PESTICIDES P-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research P- 8
Scientific Assessment P-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance -. P-14
Health Effects ; P-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology P-16
Environmental Processes and Effects P-17
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances P-20
Registration P-22
Speci al Regi stration P-24
Tolerances P-25
Generic Chemical Review P-27
Generic Chemical Review P-28
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement P-32
Pesticides Enforcement P-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-36
Pesticides Certification & Training P-37
Pesticides Certification & Training Grants P-38
RADIATION R-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Radiation Research R-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance..... R-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology R-ll
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines. R-14
Radiation Program Implementation R-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment R-21
Radon Action Program R-25
Radon Action Program Implementation R-28
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
INTERDISCIPLINARY 1-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
I ntermedi a Programs 1-7
Scientific Assessment 1-13
Technical Information and Liaison -. 1-13
Quality Assurance Management 1-14
Exploratory Research Core Program 1-15
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 1-16
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 1-19
Interdisciplinary Training Grants 1-23
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-26
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring 1-29
Enforcement Policy & Operations 1-30
Criminal Investigations Program 1-32
TOXIC SUBSTANCES TS-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research TS-8
Scientific Assessment TS-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance TS-15
Health Effects TS-lfi
Environmental Engineering and Technology TS-17
Environmental Processes and Effects.....:..... TS-19
ABATEMENT A CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance .: TS-21
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants TS-23
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration TS-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification TS-25
Toxic Substances Strategies TS-26
Chemi cal Test i ng TS-29
Existing Chemical Review TS-30
New Chemical Review TS-32
OPTS - Title III TS-34
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-3fi
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-39
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants TS-41
OPTS Enforcement - Title III TS-42
ENERGY E-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Mu 11i-Medi a Energy ; E-5
Acid Rain E-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology E-ll
Environmental Processes and Effects E-12
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT MS-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management . MS-8
Program Management - Air & Radiation MS-12
Program Management - Water MS-13
Program Management - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring.. MS-13
Program Management - External Affairs MS-14
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-15
Program Management - General Counsel MS-15
Program Management - Research & Development MS-16
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-17
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices... MS-19
Immediate Office of the Administrator MS-24
Office of Regional Operations MS-25
Office of Executive Support MS-25
Administrator's Representation Fund MS-26
Office of International Activities MS-26
Office of Civil Rights MS-27
Science Advisory Board MS-28
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-29
Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization MS-29
Office of Inspector General MS-31
Office of Inspector General ; MS-32
Office of General Counsel MS-34
General Counsel MS-35
Office of External Affairs.. ; MS-37
Office of Legislative Analysis -.... MS-41
Office of Congressional Liaison MS-42
Office of Public Affairs... MS-42
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations MS-43
Office of Federal Activities MS-43
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-45
Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-49
Integrated Environmental Management Program MS-49
Office of Policy Analysis MS-50
Office of Standards & Regulations MS-52
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation MS-53
Office of Administration & Resources Management MS-55
Program Management - Administration MS-60
Financial Management - Headquarters MS-61
Office of the Comptroller MS-61
Contracts & Grants Management MS-62
Personnel & Organization Services MS-63
Facilities & Management Services MS-64
Information Systems & Services MS-65
Administrative Management - Title III MS-65
Office of Human Resources Management MS-66
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regi onal Management MS-69
Resource Management - Regions MS-72
Financial Management - Regions MS-73
Personnel Management - Regions MS-73
Administrative Management - Regions MS-74
Regional Management MS-75
Regi onal Counsel MS-75
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions MS-7.6
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Table of Contents
(continued)
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (Continued)
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs MS-79
Professional Training MS-82
Nationwide Support Services MS-82
Headquarters Support Services MS-83
Regional Support Services MS-83
Automated Data Processing Support Costs MS-84
Automated Data Processing Support - Title III MS-85
Lab Support - Research ft Development MS-85
Lab Support - Air & Radiation MS-86
Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-86
BUILDINGS & FACILITIES BF-1
Buildings * Facilities BF-4
New Facilities BF-5
Repairs & Improvements BF-6
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS CG-1
Construction Grants CG-2
SUPERFUND SF-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research , .SF-10
Sci ent 1 f i c Asses sment SF-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance SF-17
Health Effects SF-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology SF-19
Environmental Processes and Effects SF-21
Expl oratory Research SF-22
Technical Information and Liaison SF-23
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response SF-25
Hazardous Spill & Site Response SF-26
Hazardous Substance Response - Support SF-29
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water SF-31
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation SF-33
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency SF-34
Department of Health A Human Services SF-38
United States Coast Guard ...." SF-39
Department of Justice SF-40
Federal Emergency Management Agency SF-40
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration SF-41
Department of the Interior SF-41
Occupational Safety & Health Administration SF-42
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement SF-44
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring SF-48
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
SUPERFUND (Continued)
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement SF-49
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-51
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations SF-53
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support SF-56
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters SF-63
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions SF-64
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters..... SF-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions SF-65
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters SF-66
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions SF-67
Hazardous Substance Computer Services SF-67
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters SF-68
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-68
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Inspector General SF-69
Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning ft Evaluation SF-70
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Comptroller SF-71
Hazardous Substance-Office of External Affairs SF-72
Hazardous Substance-Office of Research and Development-
Lab Sup'port SF-72
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS L-l
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support L-6
Environmental Engineering and Technology L-7
ABATEMENTS CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation L-10
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement-Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring L-14
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support ; L-1R
Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation L-20
Administrative Management - Office of Administration
and Resources Management L-21
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel L-21
SPECIAL ANALYSES SA-1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Subject Index by Media
AIR
Air Quality Monitoring A-16,17,53
Air Toxics , A-4,15-17,19,21,27,
29,43
Compliance Monitoring Inspections A-43,62
Emission Waivers A-66
Enforcement A-61,66
Fuel Economy A-37
Fuel Programs A-36,66
Global Climate Change A-22
Health Effects Institute A-17
Indoor Air A-13-19,29
Inspection and Maintenance Program A-35
In-use Emission Factors A-35
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory A-36
Municipal Waste Incineration A-27
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) A-15-18,20,21.28
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) A-20
National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAPs)... A-26
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) A-16,19,20,21,26
Ozone A-3,15,19,20,22,30,
36,42,48
Particulate Matter A-3,16,20,30,43,48,
53,61,66
Prevention of Significant Deterioration A-30,42
Recall of In-Use Vehicles A-66 ,
Regional Programs , A-48,53,61
Selective Enforcement Audits A-60
State Grants i A-42
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) A-16,19,20,21,30,
42,48
Stationary Source Enforcement -. A-61
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion A-22,29
Tampering and Fuel Switching A-67
WATER QUALITY
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews WQ-60,61
Aquatic Life Research WQ-19
Biomonitoring WQ-16,36,70,71
Chesapeake Bay Program WQ-28-30
Clean Lakes WQ-35,47
Coastal Environment Management WQ-51-54
Construction Grants Management WQ-59-62;CG-3,4,5
Corps of Engineers WQ-42-45,59-61
Effluent Guidelines. WQ-32,33
Emergency Response WQ-46,47
Enforcement WQ-7,65-68
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
WATER QUALITY (Continued) Page
Great Lakes Program WQ-20,26-28
Indian Tribes . WQ-25.26,36,37.42,
47,60,61.71
International Pollution Control Agreements WQ-3,20,24,26,27,41
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) WQ-51-54
National Estuary Program WQ-4,51-54
Near Coastal Waters WQ-4,51,52
Nonpoint Sources WQ-5,25-30,36
NPDES Permits WQ-36,37,52,65-67,
70-72
Ocean Disposal WQ-4,5,44-46
Ocean Disposal Fee.*. WQ-5,44,45
Operations and Maintenance WQ-61,62
Operator Training WQ-61,62
Pretreatment WQ-6,18,36,37,65-68
70-72
Quality Assurance Fees WQ-16
SIudge Management WQ-17,18,36,37,47,48,
61,71,72
State Clean Water Strategies WQ-3,4,25,37,42,47,
55,56
State Grants WQ-24-26,35-37
State Revolving Funds WQ-6,59-61 ;CG-3-5
Toxic Pollutant Controls WQ-5-6,15-20,27-30,
32,33,36,37,47,
48,55.56,60,70-72
Wastewater Treatment Compliance WQ-61,62,65-67
Water Quality Permit Issuance WQ-36,37,70-72
Wetlands (Section 404) WQ-4,19,42-44
DRINKING WATER
Enforcement DW-42-45
Epidemiology DW-16
Ground-Water Activities DW-3,5,37-40
Ground-Water Research Activities DW-6,15,18
Health Advisories DW-4,12,15,17
Health Effects DW-3,16,21
Indian Tribes DW-4,25-28,32-36,
38-40,43,44
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations DW-3,4,15,16,21-23,
26,33,34
National Rural Water Association DW-28,29
Public Water Systems Supervision DW-4,21,32,34
Quality Assurance Fees DW-15,16
Small Systems Engineering Research DW-17
State Grants DW-25-29
Underground Injection Control DW-3,5,18,21-23,32,
34-36
Wei 1 head Protection DW-3,5,18,38,39,40
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
HAZARDOUS WASTE Page
Air Emission Standards HW-27
Community Right-to-know HW-43
Compliance Inspections HW-47,48
Corrective Action HW-25,28,46,48
Dioxin HW-13.14,19.26
Domestic Sewage Study HW-28
Enforcement HW-29,34,46
Financial Responsibility HW-26,30
Ground Water Monitoring HW-16,26
Hazardous Spills Research HW-15,18
Incineration HW-13,14.16,17,25,41
Innovative/Alternatives Techno!ogies HW-13,17
Land Banning Activities HW-25-27.39
Land Disposal Facilities HW-13,17,25,26
Li sti ng/Del i sti ng HW-13,16,25,26
Mining Waste HW-25,26.39.40
Monitoring Methods HW-15
Municipal Waste Incineration HW-13,14,16,17,46
Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study HW-29
Permi tting HW-26,39
Policy and Guidance HW-25,26,40,46
POTW Requirements HW-28
Qual ity Assurance HW-14,15
Regulations Development HW-25-28
Reports to Congress HW-26,29,44
Risk Assessment -. HW-13,14,18,25
State Authorizations...' HW-25,26,39,40
State Grants HW-33-36
Subtitle D Criteria HW-25,40
Surface Impoundments. HW-28,40
Titie III HW-40
Treatment Standards HW-25,26
Tufts University HW-19
UIC Requirements (RCRA) HW-28
Underground Storage Tanks-Regulations and Guidelines HW-30
Underground Storage Tanks Grants HW-36
Waste Characterization HW-16,47
Waste Minimization HW-26,39
PESTICIDES
Biotechnology P-5,6,13,16,17,23-25
Certification and Training P-32-35,37,38
Data Cal 1-In P-28-30
Disposal P-3-5,16,17,28,30
Emergency Exemptions P-3,6,22,24,25
Endangered Species P-4,23,35
Enforcement P-4-6,32-38
Experimental Use Permit P-3,6,22,24,25
Farmworker Safety P-5,23,35
Ground Water P-3-5,23,29,30,35
Lab/Data Integrity P-36
10
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
PESTICIDES (Continued)
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program P-35,38
Regi stration P-3,4,6,20-25
Registration Fees P-23,24
Registration Standards P-4,6,28-30
Reregi strati on P-3,4,6,28-30
Risk Assessment P-3,5,14,16,17
Special Review (RPAR) P-4,6,28-30
State Grants P-4,5,32-38
Tolerances P-3,6,20-22,25,26
RADIATION
Airborne Radionuclide Standards R-15,19
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System R-23
Nevada Nuclear Test Site... R-10,11
Radiological Emergency Response Plans R-19,23
Radon Mitigation Research R-11,12,26,29
Uranium Mill Tailing Standards R-16
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Case Referrals '. 1-5
Compliance Monitoring ;... 1-29
Criminal Investigations 1-32,33
Enforcement 1-28
Enforcement Operations 1-30,31
Enforcement Policy 1-30
Environmental Review and Coordination 1-20
Evidence Audits 1-29
Exploratory Research 1-15,16
Federal Agencies Compliance 1-21
Indians Programs 1-21
Integrated Risk Information System 1-13
Interdisciplinary Training Grants 1-24
Li ti gati on 1-30
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) 1-29
NEPA Compliance Program 1-21
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring 1-28
Quality Assurance 1-14,15
"Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) 1-16,17
Regul atory Support 1-14
. Ri sk Assessment Guide! i nes 1-13
Small Business Innovation Research 1-16
Technical Information 1-13,14
Visiting Scientists Program 1-16
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Asbestos Hazard and Emergency Response Act (AHERA) TS-23,24,25
Asbestos in Public Buildings TS-24,25
Asbestos Regulations TS-23,24,31,32
Asbestos Research TS-15,17
11
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES (Continued)
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) TS-23,24,25
Asbestos Technical Assistance TS-23,24,25
Biotechnology TS-3,4,14.15.17,18,
32,33
Chemical Assessment Desk TS-32
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) TS-30
Enforcement TS-3,39-41,43-45
Existing Chemical Review TS-30-32
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up TS-32,33
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) TS-28,29,30
Lab/Data Integri ty TS-39,40
Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCB).... TS-3,4,31,39.40
Premanufacture Notice Fees TS-33
Regional Asbestos Information and Training Centers TS-24,25
Risk Assessment TS-4,13-15
SARA Title III Emissions Inventory Reporting TS-3.4,29,34,35,43-45
SARA Title III Section 110 Toxicological Profiles TS-29,32
Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) TS-32,33
Structure Activity Relationships TS-4,16,18
Test Guidelines TS-13-15,30
Test Rules TS-28-31
ENERGY
Acid Rain E-10
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) E-12
National Surface Water Survey '. E-10
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Audits and Investigations MS-35,36
Automated Data Processing (ADP) MS-65,74,84,85
Fiseal Integrity MS-61,62,73
Human Resources Management MS-66,67
International Activities MS-26,27
Legal Advice MS-29
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities MS-41,42
Maintenance and Repair Projects MS-2-6
Management Systems Integrated MS-61,62
Managing for Environmental Results MS-53,54
Office of General Counsel MS-35,36
Regulatory Reform - OPPE MS-52,53
Support Servi ces MS-79-87
Global Climate Change MS-50,51
SUPERFUND
Alternative Technologies SF-16,19-21
Cost Recovery - Superfund SF-49,51
Criminal Investigations SF-53
Emergency Response SF-26
Enforcement SF-47
12
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Subject Index by Media
(Continued)
SUPERFUND (Continued)
Environmental Response Team SF-27
Health Research SF-15,18,19,38
Interagency .' SF-36
Management. SF-62-66
Office of Inspector General SF-69
Remedial Response SF-27,31
Research and Development -SF-15-23
SITE Program SF-19-21
Support Services SF-66,67
University Research Centers SF-16,22
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
Cooperative Agreements L-3,11,12,15,16
Correcti ve Acti on L-ll, 12
Cost Recovery L-ll,12
Enforcement L-3.11,12,15,16
Financial Responsibility Requirements L-3,11,12
Guidelines L-ll,12
Management L-4,20-22
Technical Support L-4,7,20-22
13
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Alphabetical Subject Index
Page
Acid Ra1 n E-10
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews WQ-60,61
Air Emission Standards (Hazardous Waste) HW-27
Air Quality Monitoring A-16,17,53
Air Toxics .' A-4,15-17,19,21,27,
29,43
Airborne Radionuclide Standards R-15,19
Alternative Technologies SF-16,19-21
Aquatic Life Research WQ-19
Asbestos Hazard and Emergency Response Act (AHERA) TS-23-25
Asbestos in Public Buildings TS-24,25
Asbestos Regulations TS-23,24,31,32
Asbestos Research TS-15,17
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA) TS-23,24,25
Asbestos Technical Assistance TS-23,24,25
Audits and Investigations MS-35,36
Automated Data Processing (ADP) MS-65,74,84,85
B
Biomo altering WQ-16,36,70,71
Biotechnol ogy P-5,6,13,16,17,23-25;
TS-3,4,14,15,17,18,
£ 32,33
Case Referral s 1-5
Certification and Training P-32-35,37,38
Chemical Assessment Desk TS-32
Chesapeake Bay Program WQ-28-30
Clean Lakes WQ-35,47
Coastal Envi ronment Management WQ-51-54
Community Right-to-Know HW-43
Compliance Inspections - Hazardous Waste HW-47,48
Compliance Monitoring Inspections - Air A-43,62
Compliance Monitoring - Interdisciplinary 1-29
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR) TS-30
Construction Grants Management WQ-59-62; CG-3-5
Cooperati ve Agreements L-3,11,12,15,16
Corps of Engineers WQ-42-45,59-61
Corrective Action HW-25,26,46,48; .
L-11,12
Cost Recovery - Superfund and LUST SF-49,51; L-11,12
Criminal Investigations 1-32,33; SF-53
£
Data Call-In P-28-30
Dioxin... HW-13,14,19,26
Di sposal P-3-5,16,17,28,30
Domestic Sewage Study HW-28
14
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Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Effluent Guidelines ......... v .............................. WQ-32,33
Emergency Exemptions ....................................... P-3,6,22,24,25
Emergency Response ......................................... WQ-46,47; SF-26
Emi ssion Wa i vers ........................................... A-66
Endangered Species ......................................... P-4,23,35
Enforcement - Legal :
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring .......... 1-28; L-3,11,12,
15,16
Enforcement Policy and Operations ........................ 1-28,30,31
Criminal Investigations .................................. 1-32,33
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) ......... 1-29
General Counsel .......................................... MS-35,36
Regional Counsel ......................................... MS-35,36
Enforcement - Technical:
Air Mobile Source Enforcement ............................ A-61,66
Air Stationary Source Enforcement ........................ A-61
Drinking Water Enforcement ..... ... ....................... DW-42,45
Hazardous Waste Enforcement .............................. HW-29,34,46
LUST Enforcement ......................................... L-3,11,12, 15, 16
Pesticides Enforcement ................. . ................. P-4-6, 32-38
Toxic Substances Enforcement ............................. TS-3, 39-41, 43-45
Water Quality Enforcement ................................ WQ-7, 65-68
Water Quality Permit Issuance ............................ WQ-36, 37, 70-72
Superfund Enforcement ........................... ; ........ SF-47
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System .......... R-23 .
Envi ronmental Response Team ................................ SF-27
Environmental Review and Coordination ........... . .......... 1-20
Epidemiol ogy ............................................... DW-16
Evidence Audi ts ............................................ 1-29
Existing Chemical Review ................................... TS-30-32
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up ....... '. ................... TS-32,33
Experimental Use Permit .................................... P-3,6,22,24,25
Exploratory Research ............... . ....................... 1-15,16
F_
Farmworker Safety ....................................... ... P-5,23,35
Federal Agencies Compliance...' ............................. 1-21
Financial Responsibility Requirements ...................... L-3,11,12; HW-26,30
Fi seal Integri ty ........................................... MS-61 ,62 ,73
Fuel Economy ............................................... A-37
Fuel Programs ........................................ . ..... A-36 ,66
Global Climate Change ...................................... A-22; MS-50,51
Great Lakes Program ........................................ WQ-20, 26-28
Ground Water ............................................... P-3-5,23,29,30,35
Ground-water Activities. . .................................. DW-3,5,37-40
Ground-water Monitoring .................................... HW-16,26
Ground-water Research Activities ........................... DW-6,15,18
Guidelines for LUST ........................................ L-11,12
15
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
H
Page
Hazardous. Spil 1 s Research .................................. HW-15,18
Health Advisories. ...... . .................................. DW-4,12,15,17
Heal th Effects ............................................. DW-3, 16,21
Health Effects Institute ................................... A-17
Health Research ............................................ SF-15, 18, 19,38
Human Resources Management ....................... . ......... MS-66,67
Inci neration ............................................... HW-13, 14, 16,17 ,25,41
Indi an Programs ............................................ 1-21
Indian Tribes .............................................. WQ-25,26,36,37,42,47,
60,61,71; DW-4,
25-28,32-36,
38-40,43,44
Indoor Air ................................................. A-13-19,29
Innovative and Alternative Technologies .................... HW-13, 17
Inspection and Maintenance Program ......................... A-35
Integrated Risk Information System ......................... 1-13
Interagency - Superf und .................................... SF-36
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) ........................ TS-28,29,30
Interdisciplinary Training Grants .......................... 1-24
International Activities ................................... MS-26,27
International Pollution Control Agreements ................. WQ-3,20,24,26,27,41
I n-use Emission Factors .................................... A-35
L_
Lab/Data Integrity ......................................... TS-39,40; P-36
Land Banning Activities .................................... HW-25-27,39
Land Disposal Facilities ................................... HW-13, 17, 25, 26
Legal Advice ............................................... MS-29
Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities ............... MS-41,42
Limestone Injection Multi-stage Burner (LIMB) .............. E-12
Li sting/Del i sting .......................................... HW-13, 16, 25,26
Litigation ................................................. 1-30
Maintenance & Repair Projects .............................. BF-2-6
Management - Leaking Underground Storage Tanks ............. L-4, 20-22
Management - Superf und ..................................... SF-62-65
Management Systems Integrated .............................. MS-61 ,62
Managing for Environmental Results ........................ . MS-53,54
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) ........................... WQ-51-54
Mi ni ng Wa ste ............................................... HW-25 , 26 , 39 ,40
Moni tori ng Methods ......................................... HW-15
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory ........................ . A-36
Municipal Waste Incineration ............................... A-27; HW-13, 14, 16,
17,46
Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study .......................... HW-29
16
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
N
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .......... *.. A-15-18, 20, 21,28
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAM) .............. A-20
National Emission Standards for Hazardous
A1 r Pollutants (NESHAPs) .......... ............... . ....... A-26
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) ........... 1-29
National Estuary Program .................................. WQ-4, 51-54
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations ................ DW-3,4,15,16,21-23
26,33,34
National Rural Water Association ........................... DW-28,29
National Surface Water Survey ............................ '.. E-12
Near Coastal Waters ........................ ............... WQ-4,51,52
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program... .......... ..... P-35,38
NEPA Compliance Program .................................... 1-21
Nevada Nuclear Test Site ................................... R-10,11
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) .................... A-16, 19-21,30, 42.4R
Nonpoint Sources ............................ . .............. WQ-5, 25-30, 36
NPDES Pemri ts .............................................. WQ-36 ,37 ,52 ,65-67 ,
70-72
£
Ocean D1 sposal ................................. . ............ WQ-4 ,5 , 44-46
Ocean Disposal Fee ......................................... WQ-5, 44, 45
Operations and Maintenance ................................. WQ-61,62
Operator Traini ng .......................................... WQ-61 ,62
Ozone [[[ A-3,1S,19,20,22,
30,35,42,48
IP
Particulate Matter .................... ..................... A-3,16,20,30,43,
48,53,61,66
Permitting - Hazardous Waste ............................... HW-26,39
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste ...................... HW-25,26,40,46
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) ............................ TS-3,4,31,39,40
POTW Requirements .................................... . ..... HW-28
Premanufacture Notice Fees ................................. TS-33
Pretreatment ....... . ....................................... WQ-6,18,36,37,65-68,
70-72
Prevention of Significant Deterioration .................... A-30,42
Public Water Systems Supervision ........................... DW-4,21,32,34
Q
Quality Assurance .......................................... 1-14,15; HW-14,15
Quality Assurance Fees ......... . ........................... DW-15,16; WQ-16
Radiological Emergency Response Plans ...................... R-19,23
Radon Mitigation Research .................................. R-11,12,26,29
Recall of In-Use Vehicles .................................. A-66
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) ....... 1-16,17
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Regional Programs .......................................... A-48,53,61
Registration ..................... . .......................... P-3 ,4,6,20-25
Regi stration Fees ....................... ................... P-23,24
Regi strati on Standards ..................................... P-4 ,6 ,28-30
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste .................. HW-25-28
Regulatory Reform - OPPE ................................... MS-52,53
Regul atory Support ......................................... 1-14
Remedial Response .......................................... SF-27,31
Reports to Congress ........................................ HW-26, 29,44
Reregi stration ...... ....................................... P-3,4,6, 28-30
Risk Assessment ............................................ HW-13,14,18,25;
P-3, 5, 14, 16, 17;
TS-4, 13-15
Risk Assessment Guidelines ................................. 1-13
SARA Title III Emissions Inventory Reporting ............... TS-3,4,29,34,35,
43-45
SARA Title III Section 110 Toxicological Profiles .......... TS-29,32
Selective Enforcement Audits ............................... A- 60
Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) .......................... TS-32,33
SITE Program ................................... .' ........... SF-19-21
Sludge Management .......................................... WQ-17,18,36,37,47,
48,61,71,72
Small Business Innovation Research ......................... 1-16
Small Systems Engineering Research ......................... DW-17
Special Review (RPAR) - Pesticides .......... '. .............. P-4, 6, 28-30
State Authorizations - Hazardous Waste ..................... HW-25,26,39,40
State Clean Water Strategies ............................... WQ-3,4,25,37,42,
47,55,56
State Grants:
Ai r [[[ A-60
Water Qual i ty ............................................ WQ-24-26, 35-37
Cl ean Lakes .............................................. WQ-35,47
Hazardous Waste .......................................... HW-33-36
Pestici des ............................................... P-4, 5 ,32-38
Dri nki ng Water ........................................... DW-25-29
State Implementation Plans (SIPs). ......................... A-16,19,20,21,30
42,48
State Revolving Funds ...................................... WQ-6, 59-61; CG-3-5
Stationary Source Enforcement ................... ........... A-61
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion .............................. A-22,29
Structure Activity Relationships .......................... TS-4, 16, 18
Subtitle D Criteria ........................................ HW-25,40
Superf und Interagency Funds .......................... ....... SF-36
Superf und Research and Devel opment ......................... SF-15-23
Support Servi ces ........................................... MS-79-87
Support Services - Superf und ............................... SF-66 ,67
Surface Impoundments ....................................... HW-28,40
Tampering and Fuel Switching A-67
-------
Alphabetical Subject Index
(Continued)
Page
Technical Support .......... . ---- . .......................... L-4,7,20-22
Test Guide! i nes ...... .................... . . ................ TS-13-15,30
Test Rul es ................................... . . ............ TS-28-31
Title III - Hazardous Waste. .......... . .............. . ..... HW-40
Tolerances ........................... ................... ... P-3, 6, 20-22, 25, 26
Toxic Pollutant Controls ................................... WQ-5, 6, 15-20, 27-30
32,33,36,37,47,
55,56-60,70
Treatment Standards ---- . ...................... ............. HW-25 ,26
Tufts University ---- .. . ........ ............................ . HW-19
UIC Requirements (RCRA) .................................... HW-28
Underground Injection Control (UIC)... ..................... DW-3, 5, 18,21-23,
32,34-36
Underground Storage Tanks Grants... ....................... . HW-36
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines ..... HW-30
University Research Centers .................... . ........... SF-16,22
Uranium Mill Tailing Standards ..... ....... .............. :... R-16
Visiting Scientists Program ............ . ................... 1-16
Waste Characterization ..................................... HW-16,47
Waste Minimization .......................... . ...... . ....... HW-26,39
Wastewater Treatment Compliance ............................ WQ-61, 62, 65-67
Water Quality Permit Issuances ............................. WQ-36, 37, 70-72
Wellhead Protection ........................................ DW-3, 5, 18, 38, 39, 40
Wetlands (Section 404) ..................................... WQ-4, 19, 42-44
19
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SUMMARY
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Justification of Appropriation Estimates for the Committee on Appropriations
Fiscal Year 1989
BUDGET SUMMARY
The President's request for the Environmental Protection .Agency's 1989 Budget
totals $4,779,000,000 supported by 14,570 total workyears. These resources include
$1,629,000,000 and 11,730 workyears for the Agency's operating programs,
$1,600,000,000 and 2,750 workyears for the Superfund program, $50,000,000 and 90
workyears for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program, and
$1,500,000,000 for the Construction Grants program. When compared to the Agency's
1988 current estimate, the President's request represents an overall Increase of
$160,000,000 and 122 total workyears to Superfund, LUST, and the operating programs.
The request for Construction Grants represents a decrease of $804,000,000 from the
1988 level, which is in keeping with the President's $12 billion phaseout of the
program. The following chart provides a summary of budget authority for EPA's
seven appropriation accounts.
EPA's Budget Authority by Appropriation Account
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement, Control & Compliance..
Research & Development
Buildings & Facilities
1988
Current Estimate
. $765,000,000
606,192,300
186,350,000
23.500.000
1989
President's
Request
$800.000,000
624,000,000
197,000,000
8.000.000
Increase +
Decrease -
1988 vs 1989
+$35,000,000
+17,807,700
+10,650,000
-15.500.000
Operating Programs Subtotal.. $1,581,042,300 $1,629,000,000 +$47,957,700
Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund (Superfund) $1,499,499,800*
Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund $39,400,000t>
Construction Grants $2,304,000,000
$1,600,000,000* +$100,500,200
$50,000,000 +$10,600,000
$1,500,000.000 -$804.000,000
Agency Total $5,423,942,100 $4,779,000,000 -$644,942,100
a The total shown for 1988 represents $1,128,000,000 in new budget authority and
$371,499,800 in carryover of previous year funds. The 1989 request shown for
Superfund is for new budget authority only. For 1989 the Agency 1s anticipating
a carryover of $100,000,000 from 1988 which would bring the total operating
plan for Superfund to $1,700,000,000.
b The total shown for LUST in 1988 represents $14,400,000 in new budget authority
and $25,000,000 in carryover of previous year funds.
The 1989 budget was developed within the targets established by the Bipartisan
Budget Agreement between the Administration and Congress. Despite the reality of
limited Federal resources, increases have been provided for Superfund, LUST, and
operating programs, as shown in the above chart, to reaffirm the President's commit-
ment to provide the resources necessary to protect human health and the environment.
The following briefly describes the 1989 request, the purpose, and the major
changes from the Agency's 1988 estimates for each of EPA's seven appropriations.
Taken together, the first four appropriations (Salaries and Expenses; Abatement,
Control and Compliance; Research and Development; and Buildings and Facilities)
constitute the operating programs portion of the Agency's budget.
S-l
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SALARIES AND EXPENSES
EPA's 1989 request of $800,000,000 represents an Increase of $35,000,000 (5%)
over the 1988 enacted level for Salaries and Expenses. This appropriation finances
salaries and related costs associated with administering the operating programs
within the Agency. It Incorporates all costs exclusive of grant programs and
program-specific contractual agreements, and also provides funding for repair and
improvement projects under $25,000. The additional funding requested for 1989
represents the amount necessary to continue Agency activities at the 1988 authorized
level for personnel.
ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE
The Agency is requesting $624,000,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $17,807,700 (32) over the 1988 enacted level. This
appropriation finances contracts, grants and cooperative agreements for pollution
abatement, control and compliance activities. The 1989 request Includes an increase
of $51,600,000 for the transportation, storage and disposal of cancelled/suspended
pesticides. Also, the Agency is requesting a reduction of $39,200,000 in funding
for the asbestos-1n-schools program as previous Federal funding has already greatly
reduced the problem, and many States have Initiated active asbestos management or
contractor accreditation programs for schools and should be able to continue these
activities.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
For 1989 EPA is requesting $197,000,000 for the Research and Development
appropriation, an increase of $10,600,000 (62) over the 1988 enacted level. This
appropriation finances research grants, contracts and agreements with universities
and private industry, as well as in-house research, to produce the scientific know-
ledge and tools necessary for regulating, preventing and abating pollution. The
Agency plans to direct major increases in 1989 toward reducing uncertainties in
risk assessments, thereby increasing the Agency's ability to make effective
decisions on the nature and extent of environmental risks, and for research on
stratospheric ozone depletion.
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
The Agency is requesting $8,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities
appropriation, a decrease of $15,500,000 (662) from the 1988 enacted level.
This appropriation finances the construction of new facilities and the repair,
improvement, alteration, and purchase of fixed equipment for facilities which the
Agency currently leases or owns. In 1988 this appropriation contained funding for
an unusually large new facilities construction plan which was primarily a one-time
cost. The President's 1989 request contains $1,900,000 for the construction plan
for a facility in Gulf Breeze, Florida, and $6,100,000 for repairs and improvements
to existing EPA facilities to continue to ensure healthy and safe working conditions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FUND
This appropriation finances the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste sites and
spills of hazardous substances. EPA's 1989 request of $1,600,000,000 represents
an increase of $100,500,200 (72) over the 1988 current estimate for Superfund. In
addition to this request, the Agency is anticipating a carryover of $100,000,000
in prior year funds, thus providing a total of $1,700,000,000 (+142) for Superfund
in 1989. The Agency is requesting 2,750 total workyears to support this funding,
an increase of 117 workyears over the 1988 ceiling. The requested increases
reflect the Agency's intention to sustain the momentum regained after the reauthor-
ization of the Superfund program in 1986, and would provide for an increased
number of site designs and constructions 1n 1989, Increased enforcement actions,
more technical oversight of responsible party remedial response actions, and
expanded research to improve cleanup technology.
S-2
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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
The Agency is requesting $50,000,000 supported by 90 total workyears In 1989,
an Increase of $10,600,000 (27%) and 5 workyears over the 1988 current estimate.
This appropriation establishes a response program for the prevention and cleanup of
releases from leaking underground petroleum storage tanks. The requested Increase
will support Increased funding of State Cooperative Agreements, the primary
mechanism for implementing response actions and cleanups under this program.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
This appropriation finances grants to local public agencies for construction
of municipal wastewater treatment facilities, thereby assisting States and local-
ities in attaining EPA established water quality standards. The President's
request of $1,500,000,000 for the Construction Grants appropriation in 1989 repre-
sents a decrease of $804,000,000 (352) from the 1988 enacted level. This decrease
is in line with the President's plan for a $12 billion phaseout of the Construction
Grants program by 1993. A key component of this plan 1s the transition from grants
to State Revolving Funds, a transition which is already underway. Of the funds
requested for 1989, $750,000,000 would be for construction grants and $750,000,000
would go toward State Revolving Funds.
S-3
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V
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Horkyears
By Appropriation
(dollars In thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority $
Out! ays
Permanent Morkyears.....
Total Workyears
Research and Development
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
Budget Authority $
Obligations
Outlays
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $
Obligations
Outlays
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority $1
Obligations 1
Outlays 1
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Actual
1987
727,107.0
723,315.4
674,379.0
10,841.0
11,176.0
197,500.0
201,486.7
206,239.1
609,685.0
612,828.6
576,419.5
7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9
,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11.176.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 772,955.0
772,955.0
754,434.0
10,603.0
11,459.7
$ 187,600.0
187,902.0
197,981.0
$ 515,085.3
516,611.0
582,592.0
$ 6,000.0
5,880.0
7,733.0
$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11.459.7
Enacted
1988
$ 765,000.0
765,000.0
748,859.0
10,967.0
11,664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606,192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11 fifid n
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 765,000.0
765,000.0
748,859.0
10,967.0
11,664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606,192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
ii RH/I n
Request
1989
$ 800,000.0
800,000.0
791,500.0
10,969.0
11,668.0
$ 197,000.0
196,756.0
170,506.0
$ 624,000.0
624,192.0
631,631.0
$ 8,000.0
8,364.0
18,110.0
$1,629,000.0
1,629,312.0
1,611,747.0
10,969.0
1 1 ceo n
-------
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority
Obi igatlons
Permanent Workyears.. .,
Total Workyears
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority ,
Obligations
Outl ays
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears ,
Construction Grants
Obi Igatlons
Outlays
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obligations
Outlays
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations
Outlays
Actual
1987
,. $1,411,300.0
. 1,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2,174.0
.. $ 50,000.0b
20,324.4
1,330.0
46.0
27.0
.. $2,361,000.0
.. 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0
.. $ 25.5
163.0
.. $ 948 0
89.0
budget
Estimate
1988
$1,198,422.0
1,578,600.0
875.000.0
2,716.0
2,716.0
$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2,000,000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000,0
$ 0.0
275 0
$ 500 0
500.0
Enacted
1988
$1,128,000.0
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,673.0
$ 14,400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80.0
85.0
$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0
$ 1,007.0
275.0
$ 151 0
1.050.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$1,499,499.89
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0
$ 39, 400. Ob
44,076.0
23,330.0
80.0
85.0
$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2.566,000.0
$ 1,007.0
275 0
s 151 n
1.050.0
Request
1989
$1,600,000.0
1.700,000.0
1,205,000.0
2,219.0
2,750.0
$ 50,000.0
50,000.0
31,820.0
85.0
90.0
$1,500,000.0
2,100,000.0
2,377,500.0
$ 1,007 0
275 0
$n n
250.0
-------
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Enacted Estimate Request
1987 1988 1988 1988 1989
Revolving Fund
GO
en
TOTAL, EPA
Obligations $
Outlays
Misc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations $
Outlays
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations $
Total Workyears
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations $
997.0 $
(422.0)
4.0 $
23.0
25,508.0 $
60.0
65.0
13,074.0 $
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
10.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
56.0
62.0
52,000.0 $
1,000.0 $
. (500.0)
45.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30 000 0 $
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
45.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000 0 $
1,000.0
(500.0)
30.0
10.0
20,000.0
58.0
62.0
30,000 0
Budget Authority $5,364,092.0 $4,680,062.3 $5,027,442.3 $5,423,942.1 $4,779,000.0
Obligations 4,831,319.2 5,160,457.0 5,783,324.0 5,783,324.0 5,531,349.0
Outlays 4,924,924.5 4,755,565.0 4,916,314.5 4,916,314.3 5.226,102.0
Permanent Workyears 13,025.0 13,460.0 13,265.0 13,265.0 13,331.0
Total Workyears 13,442.0 14,322.7 14,488.0 14,448.0 14,570.0
a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated for FY 1987,
the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 In 1987
and to carry over $25,000,000 into FY 1988.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
By Media
(dollars 1n thousands)
Air
Obligations
Outlays
Water Quality
Budget Authority
Obligations
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority
Obi Igations
Outlays
Actual
1987
.. $ 247,252.9 $
246,521.6
250,774.1
1,676.2
1,706.9
.. $ 266,925.1 $
270,955.7
239,387.9
1,987.4
2,112.4
.. $ 102,660.3 $
102,531.5
97,284.1
679.2
691.6
.. $ 255,544.3 $
256,401.0
251,921.7
1,360.9
1.413.2
Budget
Estimate
1988
247,163.3 $
246,958.8
238,619.8
1,633.9
1,765.7
236,778.3 $
235,563.5
254,739.1
1,965.8
2,124.6
114,850.1 $
113,661.6
114,490.2
696.6
752.7
254,305.4 $
254,838.6
241,089.1
1,374.1
1.485.4
Enacted
1988
246,278.4
244,081.8
220,690.7
1,637.4
1,747.9
258,874.8
256,453.3
264,975.2
2,121.0
2,245.3
108,103.3
106,984.6
95,690.0
699.7
746.1
262,826.2
262,293.5
246,907.9
1,415.8
1.492.9
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 245,589.5
243,399.0
220.023.1
1,663.7
1,747.9
$ 261,005.5
258,563.0
267,156.2
2,098.5
2,245.3
$ 107,583.3
106,470.0
95,229.7
695.3
746.1
$ 259,105.1
258,580.0
243,412.2
1 386 2
1.492.9
Request
1989
$ 256.666.9
255,319.0
232,208.4
1,643.2
1,747.9
$ 265,784.6
263.301.0
272.328.3
2,101.7
2.235.3
$ 103,480.5
102,525.0
98,666.4
700.9
746.1
$ 262,427.6
261,559.0
251,030.4
1.402 9
1.492.9
-------
Actual
1987
Budget
Estimate
1988
Enacted
1988
Current
Estimate
1988
Request
1989
00
00
Pesticides
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Radiation
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays ,
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Noise
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
71,526.3
71.278.0
69,183.1
789.0
796.9
15,561.3
15,413.2
18.200.5
162.9
177.3
0.0
0.0
50.1
55,642.5
56,187.5
61,122.5
553.7
583.5
138,787.5
135,520.7
127,369.5
809.3
815.8
75,846.9
75,592.3
76.403.7
757.1
818.2
14,046.7
13,884.5
17,511.4
153.7
166.7
0.0
0.0
223.7
56,776.6
56,482.9
61,209.7
556.7
602.2
86,096.2
90,459.9
119,591.9
777.2
839.6
84,309.2
84,026.2
76,802.7
777.6
831.7
18,148.9
17,939.3
15.591.6
168.9
183.2
0.0
0.0
227.7
60,699.3
60,385.3
60,288.2
573.6
623.5
130,444.1
137,055.5
151,367.1
820.3
873.6
$ 84,231.8 $ 137,420.0
83,949.0 136,531.0
76,732.2 .115,605.0
805.5
831.7
782.1
831.7
$ 20,438.1 $ 20,799.9
20,247.0 20,607.0
17,558.2 18,960.8
174.4
183.2
0.0
0.0
227.7
172.2
183.2
0.0
0.0
148.6
$ 61,668.0 $ 69,825.4
61,349.0 69,476.0
61,250.3 61,890.5
587.8
623.5
$ 130,225.7
136,826.0
151.113.7
845.6
873.6
585.7
623.5
$ 95,007.6
101.633.0
131,748.8
821.6
873.6
-------
CO
vo
Energy
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Management and Support
Outlays
Buildings and Facilities
Obligations
Outlays
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Eudget Authority $1
Obligations 1
Outlays 1
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
f.udget Authority $1
Obligations 1
Outlays
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears...
Actual
1987
58,157.3
62,636.1
55,652.7
78.0
84.1
322,234.5
320,185.4
286.091.4
2,744.4
2,794.3
7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9
,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11,176.0
,411,300.0
,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2,174.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 55,718.8
55,967.9
58,538.5
76.3
82.6
$ 334,058.0
334,058.0
352,589.9
2,611.6
2,822.0
$ 6,000.0
5.880.0
7,733.0
$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11,459.7
$1,198,422.0
1,578.600.0
875,000.0
2,716.0
2,716.0
Enacted
1988
$ 55,783.1
56,032.5
55,560.5
78.0
80.6
$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,673.7
2,839.2
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11,664.0
$1.128,000.0
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,673.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 55,620.3
55,869.0
55,398.3
79.0
80.6
$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,631.0
2,839.2
$ 23.500.0
26.218.0
9.995.0
$1,581.042.3
1,583.545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11,664.0
$1,499,499.83
1.499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0
Request
1989
$ 55,457.5
55,867.0
51,289.9
74.6
79.1
$ 354.130.0
354,130.0
359,759.9
2,684.1
2.854.7
$ 8,000.0
8,364.0
18.110.0
$1,629,000.0
1,629,312.0
1,611,747.0
10,969.0
11,668.0
$1.600,000.0
1,700,000.0
1,205,000.0
2,219.0
2.750.0
-------
LUST Trust Fund
Outlays
Permanent Workyears . . . .
Total Workyears
Construction Grants
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outl ay s
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obligations
Outlays ,
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations
Outlays
Revolving Fund
Obligations
Outlays.*
Misc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations
Outlays
Actual
1987
. $ 50, 000, Ob
20,324.4
1,330.0
46.0
27.0
,. $2,361,000.0
. 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0
.'. $ 25.5
163.0
.. $ 948.0
89.0
. . $ 997 0
(422 0)
$ 40
23.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2,000,000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000.0
$ 0.0
275.0
$ 500.0
500.0
$ 1 000 0
(500 0)
t in n
50.0
Enacted
1988
$ 14,400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80.0
85.0
$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0
$ 1,007.0
275.0
$ 151.0
1,050.0
i i oon o
(500 0)
Rn n
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 39, 400. Ob
44,076.0
23,330.0
80.0
85.0
$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2.566,000.0
$ 1,007.0
275.0
$ 151.0
1*050.0
$1 nnn n
$AC f\
45.0
Kn n
Request
1989
$ 50,000.0
50,000.0
31,820.0
85.0
90.0
$1,500,000.0
2,100,000.0
2,377,500.0
$ 1,007.0
275.0
$ 0.0
250.0
$1 nnn n
i I i\flft n)
30.0
in n
-------
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations $
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Rcimbursements-Superfund
Obligations $
Actual
1987
25,508.0 $
60.0
65.0
13,074.0 $
Budget
Estimate
1988
20,000.0 $
56.0
62.0
52,000.0 $
Enacted
1988
20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $
Current
Estimate
1988
20.000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $
Request
1989
20,000.0
58.0
62.0
30,000.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority $5,364,092.0 $4,680,062.3 $5,027,442.3 $5,423,942.1 $4,779,000.0
Obligations 4,831,319.2 5,160,457.0 5,783,324.0 5,783,324.0 5,531,349.0
Outlays 4,924,924.5 4,755,565.0 . 4,916,314.5 4,916,314.3 5,226,102.0
Permanent Workyears 13,025.0 13,460.0 13,265.0 13,265.0 13,331.0
Total Workyears 13,442.0 14,322.7 14,488.0 14,448.0 14,570.0
a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated in FY 1987,
the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 in FY 1987
and to carry over $25,000,000 into FY 1988.
-------
AIR
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR A-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research A-8
Scientif 1 c Assessment A-l5
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance A-16
Health Effects :.. A-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology A-18
Environmental Processes and Effects A-19
Characterization, Transport and Fate A-20
Stratospheri c Modi f 1 cati on A-21
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards A-24
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment A-27
Pollutant Strategies & Air Standards Development A-28
State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development A-30
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy A-32
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization A-34
Testing, Technical & Administrative Support A-36
Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance A-37
State Programs Resource Assi stance A-40
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) A-42
Training A-45
Air Quality Management Implementation A-46
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment A-51
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring A-53
Air Quality & Emissions Data Management & Analysis A-55
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement A-59
Mobile Source Enforcement A-64
A-l
-------
APPROPRIATION
AIR
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
TOTAL, A1r
$84,701.5 $91,419.6 $88,608.3 $88,608.3 $90,310.5 $1,702.2
$124,181.5 $116,224.3 $117,892.7 $117,592.7 $121,224.3 $3,631.6
$37,638.6 $39,519.4 $39,777.4 $39,388.5 $45,132.1 $5,743.6
$246,521.6 $247,163.3 $246,278.4 $245,589.5 $256,666.9 $11,077.4
>
ro
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,676.2 1,633.9 1,637.4 1,663.7 1,643.2 -20.5
1,706.9 1,765.7 1,747.9 1,747.9 1,747.9
$250,774.1 $238,619.8 $220,690.7 $220,023.1 $232,208.4 $12,185.3
Authorization for the Clean Air Act expired September 30, 1981.
Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
AIR
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Air Act authorizes a nationwide program of air quality planning,
regulation, enforcement, and research for control of air pollution. The EPA
strategy for implementing the nationwide program is based on six major goals:
(1) achieve National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) to protect public
health; (2) reduce the risk of exposure to air toxics; (3) increase the capacity
and improve the effectiveness of State and local air quality agencies; (4) determine
the-policy alternatives and strategy options available to address stratospheric
ozone depletion, indoor air pollution and acid deposition; (5) develop and support
programs to maintain improvements in air quality; and (6) conduct research to
provide a strong scientific and technical basis for regulatory programs.
Achieve NAAQSs Nationwide
The establishment of NAAQSs at levels that protect public health and prevent
other adverse effects has been the keystone of the national air quality program.
The need to revise the NAAQSs is based on regular assessment of the most accurate
and up-to-date scientific data available on the health and other effects of the
various pollutants. In 1989, EPA plans to promulgate revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs
for sulfur dioxide and propose revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for lead.
EPA's strategy for achieving the NAAQS centers on working with States to
complete and enforce the State Implementation Plans (SIPs) required by the Clean
Air Act. Although air quality has generally improved as a result of the measures
in SIPs, many of the SIPs have proven inadequate to meet NAAQSs by statutory
deadlines.
The NAAQS for ozone has proven to be the most difficult standard to meet.
It is estimated that over 50 large urban areas, with an affected population
of over 80 million, failed to meet the standard by December 1987, the target
date specified in the Clean Air 'Act. In 1987 EPA published a proposed new policy
for dealing with areas that failed to meet the ozone and carbon monoxide standards
by the statutory deadline in order to sustain progress towards meeting the standards.
The promulgation of the primary and secondary NAAOSs for size-specific
particulate matter (PM10) in 1987 began a major restructuring of the existing
programs for the measurement and control of particulates. EPA and State and local
agencies will continue a number of new activities during 1989 to implement the
revised NAAQSs.
A continued reduction in emissions from motor vehicles will be .a major factor
in meeting NAAQSs, particularly the standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and
nitrogen dioxide. To help ensure that manufacturers design and produce vehicles
that meet emission standards throughout their useful lives, EPA will maintain a
comprehensive Federal compliance program. This program includes preproduction
certification of emission control systems, selective enforcement audits at manufac-
turers' facilities, and recalls of insufficiently controlled vehicles. In 1989 EPA
will promulgate revised light-duty truck hydrocarbon emission standards.
Tampering with vehicle emission control systems and failing to properly
maintain engines greatly increase pollutant emissions. Federal efforts alone
cannot effectively address these problems. EPA will continue to work with State
and local governments to establish and maintain effective vehicle inspection and
maintenance programs and anti-tampering programs. At the beginning of the 1988
calendar year, 60 inspection and maintenance programs and 36 anti-tampering programs
were in operation.
A-3
-------
In addition to remedying SIPs still inadequate to meet NAAQSs and ensuring
compliance of in-use vehicles, the States and EPA will carry out a vigorous,
comprehensive program aimed at achieving continuous compliance by stationary
sources, particularly major sources in or affecting areas not meeting the health-
related NAAQSs. The program will emphasize implementation of the "timely and
appropriate" guidance, and the Federally reportable violations guidance. In the
enforcement of SIPs, sources of VOCs affecting ozone levels in areas not meeting
standards will receive particular attention. Emissions from these sources are of
concern, not only because they contribute to unhealthful ozone levels, but also
because their components may be air toxics.
Reduce Risk of Exposure to Air Toxics
In 1989 EPA will continue to implement a comprehensive national strategy,
first announced in June 1985, for addressing both routine and accidental releases
of air toxics. The strategy includes an enhanced and refocused Federal air toxics
program to address problems that are national in scope, a new program to help State
and local governments strengthen their capabilities to deal with air toxics problems
within their boundaries, and an expanded effort to devise strategies to reduce risk
from urban multi-source, multi-pollutant problems.
As part of the Federal air toxics program, EPA will 11st and regulate toxic
air pollutants under Section 112 of the Clean A1r Act. Decisions for Federal
regulatory actions will be made for 10-12 chemicals or source categories in 1989.
EPA will also continue to develop and promulgate National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) for both new and existing sources. In 1989 EPA
will have NESHAPs under development for 12 hazardous pollutants. In addition, EPA
will promulgate regulations for controlling toxic air emissions from seven types of
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. EPA's Regional air
program staff will provide support in delegating NESHAPs implementation to States,
in addressing air quality problems associated with Superfund sites on the National
Priority List, and in issuing the permits required by the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act.
EPA has determined that vehicle emissions are a major contributor to public
health risks from air toxics. In 1989 EPA will increase efforts to control toxic
emissions from motor vehicles and vehicle fuels. The success of the program for
reducing lead in vehicle fuels has prompted the makers of fuels to add new compo-
nents and additives. In 1989 EPA will take active steps to ensure that substitutes
for lead do not contribute to emissions of hazardous air pollutants or degrade the
operation of motor vehicle emission controls. EPA will also give high priority to
technology assessments for new particulate control -requirements for heavy-duty
diesel vehicle engines that become effective starting with the 1988 model year.
The technology assessments are particularly important to help ensure that manufac-
turers meet the technology-forcing standards that apply to buses beginning in 1991
and to other vehicles beginning in 1994.
As part of the program to help State and local governments strengthen their
toxics programs, EPA will continue to negotiate State and local agencies multi-year
air toxic program development plans and provide support in the development and
implementation of these plans. EPA will also begin to stress implementation of
previous State and local commitments and to evaluate the effectiveness of selected
programs. In addition, EPA will review State and local compliance programs to
evaluate their effectiveness in addressing air toxic problems. Finally, EPA will
continue to provide support for improving the understanding and control of urban
multi-pollutant, multi-source toxics problems.
A-4
-------
Strengthen State and Local Programs
EPA will continue to support State and local air pollution control programs by
identifying obstacles to program effectiveness, providing direct program assistance,
facilitating information exchange, and maintaining national monitoring and data
management systems. The National Air Audit System, used to identify obstacles to
State and local control agency effectiveness and to help EPA define more efficient
and meaningful national programs, will continue on the biennial cycle begun in
1986. During 1988, selected State and key local agencies are being evaluated using
national criteria for five major program areas: air quality planning, new source
review, compliance assurance, air quality monitoring, and vehicle inspection,
maintenance, and anti-tampering. The results of the national audit were used to
identify both the problems of individual State and local agencies and more generic
national problems.
During 1989, State and key local agencies, with the support of EPA Regional
Offices, will initiate the actions necessary to address the problems identified by
previous audits. Nationally, EPA will use the results of the summary reports from
previous audits to review and adjust priorities and resources to better support
State and local needs and achieve the desired environmental results.
Address Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Indoor Air Pollution, and Acid Deposition
Section 157 of the Clean Air Act requires EPA to issue regulations to reduce
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions if the Administrator of EPA determines that the
emissions endanger public health and the environment. In response to a suit brought
by the Natural Resources Defense Council, EPA developed and adopted a comprehensive
CFC action strategy. To carry out this strategy, EPA will focus on developing a
national and international consensus on the nature and magnitude of the CFC problem.
In 1989 EPA will work to implement decisions on regulatory actions needed to
control CFCs as outlined by the international protocol signed in 1987.
Research by EPA and others indicates that health risks result from indoor
exposure to air pollutants, as well as ambient exposures. Although more research
is needed to better characterize the contribution of indoor air pollution to adverse
.health effects, EPA is analyzing the policy issues associated with addressing the
problem. In 1989 EPA will continue to examine how existing EPA programs can be
adjusted to reduce total exposure, indoor and ambient, to unhealttiful air quality
and take appropriate follow-up actions. A report to Congress will summarize these
findings.
In 1989 EPA will continue an acid deposition program that includes accelerated
research and analyses of policy and implementation issues. The EPA Office of
Research and Development will continue to develop the scientific and technical
information required to respond to policy issues. The Office of Air and Radiation
will ensure that research efforts are focused on policy information needs and will
review new research results for their policy implications. EPA will, also continue
in 1989 to work with States to analyze possible implementation issues associated
with enactment of an acid rain control program.
Maintain Air Quality
EPA, States, and local agencies must protect the gains made in improving
environmental quality. In 1989 EPA will continue to develop national, technology-
based New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) for all major source categories.
A total of five NSPSs will be promulgated. Work on one NSPS will continue and
developmental work will be initiated for one of the six remaining NSPS source
categories.
A-5
-------
Continue Research to Support Regulatory Programs
In 1989, the Office of Research and Development will continue to provide
health and ecological effects data, monitoring methods and support, models,
assessments, emission reduction technologies, and quality assurance in support of
the regulatory and public information needs of the air program. Two significant
changes are reflected in this submission: a major Increase in research on strato-
spheric ozone depletion and an Increase in Regional ozone modeling.
The Agency is proposing a major initiative for stratospheric ozone research as
part of a coordinated interagency effort to fill the knowledge gaps associated with
depletion of stratospheric ozone and resulting high levels of ultraviolet light at
ground level. The primary focus of this program will be on ecological effects of
ultraviolet light in the 290 to 320 nanometer waveband (UV-B). Research on the
effects of UV-B on food crops will be expanded and a new effort will be Initiated
to study UV-B effects in various ecosystems.
The other major focus of the Agency's 1989 program is to increase compliance
with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. Two research products
are essential to meet this goal. The first is Improved models for predicting the
formation and transport of ozone over long distances. This area has been expanded
to refine existing models and increase their applicability to diverse areas of the
country. The second area of critical research is Improved technology to control
emissions of nitrogen oxides, VOCs, and other precursors of ozone. This program
will remain stable in 1989.
A-6
-------
Research
and Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
AIR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Air Quality Research A-8
Scientific Assessment A-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.. A-16
Heal th Effects A-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology A-18
Environmental Processes and Effects A-19
Characterization, Transport and Fate A-20
Stratospheric Modification A-21
A-7
-------
PROGRAM
AIR
A1r Quality Research
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
>
oo
Scientific Assessment -
Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$3,061.8
$2,330.2
$5,392.0
$6,552.1
$10,354.4
$16,906.5
$7,855.3
$12,228.7
$20,084.0
$3,476.7
$2,882.2
$6,358.9
$727.8
$861.6
$1,589.4
$2,983.1
$2,468.3
$5,451.4
$7,024.6
$9,093.0
$16,117.6
$8,926.4
$12,675.5
$21,601.9
$3,651.8
$3,188.5
$6.840.3
$821.1
$1,976.7
$2,797.8
$2,840.4
$2,167.3
$5,007.7
$6,677.3
$8,960.0
$15,637.3
$8,474.9
$12,977.5
$21,452.4
$3.388.0
$3,378.5
$6,766.5
$756.5
$1,676.7
$2,433.2
$2.840.4
$2.067.3
$4.907.7
$6,677.3
$8.656.2
$15.333.5
$8.474.9
$12,893.6
$21.368.5
$3.388.0
$3,337.0
$6.725.0
$756.5
$1,451.0
$2.207.5
$2,902.6
$2,067.3
$4.969.9
$6.823.5
$7.923.3
$14.746.8
$8.660.5
$12.441.8
$21,102.3
$3.462.2
$2.937.0
$6,399.2
$773.1
$1.451.0
$2.224.1
$62.2
$62.2
$146.2
-$732.9
-$586.7
$185.6
-$451.8
-$266.2
$74.2
-$400.0
-$325.8
$16.6
$16.6
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AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Salaries & Expenses $3,644.6 $4,032.6 $3,806.6 $3,806.6 $3,890.0 $83.4
Research & Development $7,059.5 $7,243.3 $7,243.3 $7,336.7 $7,336.7
TOTAL $10,704.1 $11,275.9 $11,049.9 $11,143.3 $11,226.7 $83.4
Stratospheric
Modification Program
Salaries & Expenses $179.9 $165.1 $418.0 $418.0 $854.3 $436.3
Research & Development $1,922.0 $2,874.1 $3,374.1 $3,646.7 $10,975.0 $7,328.3
TOTAL $2,101.9 $3,039.2 $3,792.1 $4,064.7 $11,829.3 $7,764.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $25,498.2 $27,604.7 $26,361.7 $26,361.7 $27,366.2 $1,004.5
Research & Development $37,638.6 $39,519.4 $39,777.4 $39,388.5 $45,132.1 $5,743.6
Air Quality Research TOTAL $63,136.8 $67,124.1 $66,139.1 $65,750.2 $72,498.3 $6,748.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment - 49.4 54.3 54.3 53.4 53.4
A1r
Monitoring Systems And 115.1 118.0 118.0 115.1 115.1
Quality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air 109.7 126.8 126.8 122.6 122.6
Environmental 58.2 60.3 60.3 58.7 58.7
Engineering And
Technology - Air
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AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
Stratospheric
Modification Program
TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
11.0 14.3 14.3
57.2
1.9
402.5
60.0
3.0
436.7
60.0
3.0
436.7
14.1
57.5
7.0
428.4
14.1
57.5
14.
435.4
7.0
7.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
I
!-
o
Scientific Assessment -
A1r
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air
Health Effects - Air
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - A1r
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air
Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
53.3
116.3
12.2
62.9
54.3
118.0
14.3
60.0
54.3
118.0
14.3
60.0
53.4
115.1
14.1
57.5
53.4
115.1
120.1 126.8 126.8 122.6 122.6
59.2 60.3 60.3 58.7 58.7
14.1
57.5
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AIR
Air Quality Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
19R7 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(HOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Stratospheric 2.1 3.0 3.0 7.0 14.0 7.0
Modification Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS 426.1 436.7 436.7 428.4 435.4 7.0
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AIR
Air Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1. Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Second-
ary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
1989: ° Final Air Quality Criteria Document for Carbon Monoxide (Scientific
Assessment)
0 Publication of a comprehensive research plan to determine the effects of
ozone on U.S. forests (Environmental Processes)
1988; ° Repprt on pulmonary function response of normal subjects and individuals
with sensitive or diseased airways to ozone and nitrogen dioxide (Health)
0 Final report on the NCLAN national scientific meeting (Environmental
Processes)
1987: ° User's Guide: Visibility module which converts aerosol concentration to
visibility parameters (Characterization)
0 Journal articles on the effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the
pulmonary host defenses of animals (Health)
Objective 2. Provide Scientific Support to Develop New Source Performance Stand-
ards (NSPS) and State Implementation Plans (SIPs)
1989: ° Report on the development of the Advacate process for control of acid
gases from combustion sources (Engineering)
0 ' Report on recommended modifications to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model (Characterization)
1988; ° Report, recommendations, and supporting evidence on chemical mechanisms
for use in regional ozone modeling (Characterization)
1987: ° Report on field measurements of background volatile organic compounds
(Monitoring)
0 User's Guide for PEM-2 Pollution. Episodic Model Version 2 (Character-
ization)
Objective 3. Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (HAPsT
1989: ° Journal article on the comparative mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of
combustion source emissions (Health)
0 Report on identities of HAPs produced in the atmosphere from ubiquitous
innocuous pollutants (Characterization)
1988: ° Journal article on the dosimetry of volatile organic compounds (Health)
0 Journal article on the assessment of HAPs from light-duty vehicles
(Characterization)
19R7: ° Report on the development, evaluation, and validation of source emission
monitoring methods for HAPs (Monitoring)
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Objective 4. Provide Scientific Support for the Mobile Source Regulatory Program
1989: ° Status report on population exposure to mobile source pollutants for
1988 (Monitoring)
0 Journal article on evaluation of emissions from diesels -equipped with
advanced emission control technology (Characterization)
1988: ° Composition and rate of emissions during refueling: impact of control
technology (Characterization)
1987: ° Evaluation of methods for characterizing evaporative canister adsorbed
organics (Characterization)
Objective 5. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources, Exposures,
Health Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor PollutanT?
1Q89; ° Report on human clinical studies of effects associated with exposure to
volatile organic compounds (Health)
0 Produce personal computer model for evaluating indoor air quality control
options (Engineering)
1988: ° Report on indoor air monitoring methods development (Monitoring)
0 Report on the use of biochemical and bioassay markers of exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke in children (Health)
1987: ° Report on organic emissions from kerosene heaters (Engineering)
Objective 6. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects of
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Develop Control Strategies
1989: °. Status report on solutions to stratospheric ozone depletion (Strat Mod)
1988: '° Long-term research plan for stratospheric ozone and UV-B effects (Strat
Mod)
1987: ° Biennial report to Congress on stratospheric ozone -modification (Strat
Mod)
0 Report on the effect of UV-B radiation on energy and carbon cycling
through plankton species to important economic species (Strat Mod)
Objective 7. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects ~of
Global Warming and Develop Control Strategies:
1989; ° Implementation plan for global climate change research program (Strato-
spheric Modification)
1988: ° Draft long-range research plan for global climate change research program
(Stratospheric Modification)
1987; ° Initiate research program on global climate change (Stratospheric Modi-
fication)
Objective 8. Provide Scientific Data and Support to the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-IIiy
1989; ° Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research (Health)
1988: ° Initiate cooperative research project under NHANES-III (Health)
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AIR
Air Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $72,498,300 supported by 435.4 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $6,748,100 and 7.0 total workyears from 1988. Of the
request, $27,366,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$45,132,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, increases of
$1,004,500 and $5,743,600, respectively. The Indoor air research program will be
funded at $3,598,200 1n 1989.
Program Description
This research program provides the research and technical support necessary to
enable the Agency to carry out its regulatory and Information transfer responsibil-
ities under the Clean Air Act. The following objectives support these efforts:
Objective 1. Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and
Secondary NAAQS.Thisresearchprogram provides the scientific data needed to
lary
sedei
issue andrevise national standards for emissions of criteria air pollutants.
Objective 2. Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. This
research supports issuance and revision of New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans through development of models and monitoring techniques
for air pollutants and engineering studies of control technologies.
Objective 3. Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants (HAPs).Under this objective EPA conducts research to identify
and control emissions of air pollutants from a variety of. sources that are hazardous
to human heaTth but are not al'ready regulated as criteria air pollutants.
Objective 4. Provide 'Scientific Support for the Mobile Source Regula-
tory Program.This research evaluatesemissions, exposure patterns and health ef-
fects of mobile source pollutants.
Objective 5. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources, Ex-
posures', Health Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants.
Research conducted, under this objective supports the Agency's efforts to inform the
public about hazards associated with indoor air pollutants and to develop methods
to control air emissions from major sources.
Objective 6. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects of
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Develop Control Strategies. This research pro-
gram is primarily concerned with providing necessary data on the effects of strato-
spheric ozone depletion and resulting increases in harmful (UV-B) radiation on
plants, ecosystems, and air quality.
Objective 7. Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects of
Global Warming and Develop Control ._ Strategies. This objective addresses the
research needed to determine the impact of global climate change, to help understand
the regional consequences of global climate trends, and to develop and test predic-
tive source and sink models for important trace gases.
Objective 8. Provide ^Scientific Data and Support to the National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III).Activities in support of this ob-
jective provide data on exposure to pollutants, body burdens, and health effects,
through NHANES-III.
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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,969,900 supported by 53.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,902,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $2,067,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $62,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no
change in the Research and Development appropriation or total workyears. The in-
crease in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a .general enhancement of
inhouse support for assessing risks from air pollutants.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Evaluations of the NAAQS for ozone, and other photochemical oxidants and lead will
be provided to the program, office in preparation for the next mandated revision of
these standards. Work on revising the criteria document for CO will be conducted
and new information will be gathered to support revision of the PMio/SOx criteria
document.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants"Finalcomprehensive Health Assessment Documents (HADs)willbe completed
for two chemicals, External Review Drafts (F.RD) will be prepared for one to three
chemicals and Tier 1 screening documents will be completed for four to six chemicals
to provide the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) with data to evaluate hazardous
air pollutants. Technical assistance will be provided to the Regions and States
on issues related to air toxics. The new Health Risk Information Center, initiated
in 1988, will be expanded. Work on mobile source pollutants and inhalation reference
doses for air toxics will be conducted.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources, Exposures, Health
Effects and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants. In support <5f
the Agency's indoor air implementation plan, researchers .wil 1 develop and refine
methods to determine the effects of indoor air pollution on human health. Research
will include exposure assessments, risk analyses and literature searches.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,907,700 supported by 53.4 to-
tal workyears for this program, of which $2,840,400 is from the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $2,067,300 is from the Research and Development appropria-
tion. Work on revising the PMjo/SOx, and CO criteria documents is being conducted.
An issue paper on the health effects of acid aerosols is being prepared. Final
HADs for two chemicals, ERDs for three to six chemicals, and Tier 1 screening
documents for four to six chemicals are being prepared. In addition, a new source-
category document to assist in determining risks and a Health Risk Information
Center are being initiated.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,392,000 supported by 53.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,061,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,330,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
An addendum to the PM10/SOX criteria document was completed and work began on an
issue paper on the health effects of acid aerosols. One HAD, three ERDs, and 12
Tier I documents were completed.
A-15
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MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,746,800 supported by 115.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,823,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,923,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $146,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $732,900 in the Research and Development appropriation, and no change
In total workyears. The Increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a general enhancement of Inhouse support for the monitoring program. The
reduction In the Research and Development appropriation Indicates a decrease in
the effort devoted to evaluation and development of ambient and source monitoring
methods, particularly for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Given the remaining
base program in air monitoring and the emphasis in recent years on methods develop-
ment, this decrease will not seriously affect the Agency's ability to accurately
measure levels of air pollutants.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
To further enhance the Agency's ability to measure levels of criteria air pollutants,
ambient monitoring systems will be evaluated, improved, and standardized. Emphasis
will be placed. on improving methods to monitor ambient concentrations of parti cul ate
matter to support the new PMio standard and visibility studies In the eastern U.S.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. Monitoring and measure-
ment methods will be developed for new standards, to assess long-term needs and to
determine effects on health and welfare. Quality assurance will be provided and
certified reference materials will be distributed to users.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants" Development and evaluation of ambient, source and personal monitoring sys-
tems for potential HAPs will support the Agency's responsibilities under the Clean
Air Act to identify hazardous air pollutants. The Toxic Air Monitoring System
(TAMS) will also provide data on HAPs. Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
studies will be conducted in one urban area to determine levels and major sources
of human exposure to about 20-25 potential HAPs. As part of a multi -disciplinary
effort to characterize and assess risks from complex urban air mixtures, advanced
monitoring methods will be developed. In addition, quality assurance support and
monitoring support to the Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) will be provided.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. Work to
extend the CO human exposure modeling methodology to benzene, N02, formal dehyde ,
and other mobile source-related pollutants will be conducted. Human activity ex-
posure models will be developed, refined and field-tested. Monitoring exposures of
drivers and passengers to toxic chemicals while traveling will also begin.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources, Exposures, Health
Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor PollutantsJ In support
of the Agency's indoor air implementation plan, additional exposure assessment
studies in homes and office buildings will be initiated and area monitors will be
developed and refined. In addition, based on earlier field study results, survey
and measurement methods will be refined and used to relate indoor air quality to
exposure.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,333,500 supported by 115.1
total workyears for this program, of which $6,677,300 is from the Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $8,656,200 is from the Research and Development appropri-
ation. Ambient and source monitoring systems, including remote sensing and person-
. al monitors, are being evaluated and improved. The TAMS is supporting efforts to
A-16
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determine the presence and concentrations of hazardous air pollutants. Results of
three TEAM studies are being analyzed to determine human exposure to volatile or-
ganic compounds. In the indoor air monitoring program, exposure to indoor pollu-
tants is being determined.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $16,906,500 supported by 116.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,552,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,354,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
An interim report on visibility was completed. Methods for measuring non-methane
organic compounds were developed. TEAM and TAMS were used extensively in support
of ORD's interdisciplinary program to study complex mixtures of urban pollutants
and a four-volume report on the TEAM study was published.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,102,300 supported by 122.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,660,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $12,441,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $185,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and a decrease of $451,800 in the Research and Development appropriation, with no
change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for the health effects research
program and the decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects a
reduction in health effects research on criteria and hazardous air pollutants.
This reduction, will have minimal programmatic impact given the remaining base
programs for HAPS and NAAQS health effects research. Of the total request,
$3,000,000 will be provided to the Health Effects Institute (HEI).
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Acute and subchronic exposure to criteria air pollutants will be studied, with em-
phasis on determining the respiratory and immunological effects of 03, N02, S02
and inhalable particles. Work on the development of theoretical models of respira-
tory tract deposition, with the goal of providing more accurate estimates of pol-
lutant dose to the lung, will improve animal to man extrapolation estimates.
Health risks to susceptible subpopulations such as children and asthmatics, epi-
demiology studies on chronic cardiopulmonary effects of ambient and indoor combina-
tions of pollutants, and the cardiovascular effects of chronic low-level exposure
to CO will also be investigated. The Health Effects Institute will study the
effects of NAAQS pollutants. Data from the case-control study of lung cancer in
China will also be analyzed.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
ants.Tierbioassayswill continueto assess themutagenicand carcinogenic
effects of vapor phase mixtures. Dose-response studies will continue for several
compounds, to be decided based upon the results of initial screening assays.
These studies will determine the effects of acute exposures. Using the data from
the Boise study and pilot studies conducted to date, new research under the IACP
likely will focus on mobile source emissions and residential oil combustion emis-
sions.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. The
Health Effects Institute will study the human health effects of mobile source emis-
sions. Studies on the health effects of motor vehicle fuels and additives, includ-
ing methanol, will also be conducted.
A-17
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Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources, Exposures. Health
Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants^In support
of the Indoor air Implementation plan, health effects research will emphasize com-
bustion products, the sick building syndrome, volatile organic compounds> and envi-
ronmental tobacco smoke. Results of these studies will be used to develop health
risk assessments. In addition to these studies, research to compare neurological,
respiratory, and mutagenic potencies of selected Indoor pollutants will be conduct-
ed and dose-response studies will begin.
Provide Scientific Support to the National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES-IIlflThe National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III) will
begin to gather new data on the health and nutritional status of the U.S. popula-
tion late in calendar year 1988. In support of NHANES-III, final development and
pilot testing of field and laboratory test protocols will be completed. These pro-
tocols will be used to obtain national baseline data on exposure, body burden, and
health effects of common environmental pollutants, such as lead and cadmium. Trend
analysis of the NHANES exposure and dose measurements data will provide the Agency
with beneficial information on the progress being achieved by various Agency pro-
grams.
198B Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $21,368,500 supported by 122.6
total workyears for this program, of which $8,474,900 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,893,600 1s from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The respiratory, metabolic, and immune system effects of acute and sub-
chronic exposures to criteria pollutants are being studied. Species sensitivity
and dosimetry studies are being conducted to support the extrapolation program.
The toxicity of criteria pollutants and mobile source pollutants are being studied
by the Health Effects Institute. Studies of the health effects of indoor air
pollutants are being expanded, to focus on improving biomarkers and to determine
the health effects of volatile organic compounds. Support for the third National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) is being provided.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $20,084,000 supported by 120.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,855,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,228,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Clinical studies conducted to support revision of the one-hour NAAQS for ozone indi-
cated significant symptoms and pulmonary function changes following exposure to low
concentrations of ozone for extended periods of time. In the Integrated Air Cancer
Program, the genotoxic components of an air-shed containing large amounts of wood
smoke were isolated.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,399,200 supported by 58.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,462,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,937,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $74,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
a decrease of $400,000 in the Research and Development appropriation, with no
change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for air engineering research.
The reduction in the Research and Development appropriation reflects the completion
of a one-year study on methanol in power plants.
A-18
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Provide Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. To support attainment of the ozone
standard, control technology research on NOX, an ozone precursor, will emphasize
the demonstration of reburning using a cyclone boiler as a means of control. In
addition, since recent research indicates that acid aerosols have the potential to
cause adverse effects on human health and the environment, the control technology
program will work on development of improved sorbents for spray drying and dry in-
jection flue gas desulfurization systems to curb emissions of SOX, a precursor to
the formation of acid aerosols.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop .Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
ants.Given the wide variety of hazardous air pollutants present in the environ-
ment, there is a pressing need to develop and evaluate technologies to control
emissions of these pollutants. In order to protect the public health from HAP
emissions, additional resources will be provided to support the Agency's Air Toxics
Control Implementation Strategy including rapid-response engineering and laboratory
investigations. Focused control assessments and technology development will
continue for key air toxic sources. A control strategy for volatile organic com-
pounds will be developed jointly with OAR to deal with ozone nonattainment.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine Sources, Exposures, Health
Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants.In support of
the Agency's indoor air implementation plan, research onsource characterization
and control technology will be conducted. The emphasis will be on determining the
contribution of various sources to indoor pollution and on developing and validating
mitigation methods. Methods to measure ventilation systems will be developed,
materials used in buildings will be surveyed, and the performance of air cleaners
and ventilation systems will be evaluated.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,725,000 supported by 58.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,388,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,337,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
S0£ and NOX control technologies are being researched. Technical support for NSPS
compliance and new source control evaluation is being provided to Regions and States.
Control assessments and technology development are being done for key air toxics
sources. An initial survey is underway to determine the engineering needs, espe-
cially VOC control and ozone attainment. Indoor air source characterization and
control technology studies are being expanded.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $6,358,900 supported by 59.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,476,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,882,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In the indoor air program, source characterization procedures were developed and
emission rates were measured from a number of building materials and kerosene
space heaters. A promising new sorbent technology for S02 removal from stack
emissions was developed. To provide rapid-response air toxics control technology
support, the Control Technology Center was established. Field testing of woodstoves
uncovered emissions technology problems under conditions of home use.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,224,100 supported by 14.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $773,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $1,451,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
A-19
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represents an Increase of $16,600 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change 1n the Research and Development appropriation or total workyears. The
Increase 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of Inhouse support for determining the effects of air pollutants on the environment.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Based on recent research, EPA has determined that tropospheMc ozone Is a major con-
tributor to forest damage. Therefore, 1n response to this research and to support
the development of secondary ozone standards, a new program to study the effects of
ozone on forests, begun 1n 1988, will be significantly enhanced. This comprehensive,
long-term study will focus on several commercial forest species and will include
preliminary dose-response studies, exposure scenarios, and risk evaluations.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,207,500 supported by 14.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $756,500 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,451,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Studies of crop exposure dynamics, based on data generated through the National Crop
Loss Assessment Network, will be completed. A new program to study the effects of
ozone on forests will be Initiated.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,589,400 supported by 12.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $727,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $861,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
An international workshop was held to summarize, analyze, and disseminate the
findings of the National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN). A study of crop
exposure dynamics, using data generated by NCLAN, was initiated.
CHARACTERIZATION. TRANSPORT. AND FATE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,226,700 supported by 57.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,890,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,336,700 will be for the Research and nevelopment appropriation.
This represents an increase of $83,400 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change to the Research and Development appropriation or total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for development of models to predict the existence and
movement of air pollutants.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Attainment of the PMjg standard is an emerging issue.In support of PM^g attainment,
modeling techniques will be developed to assess the contribution of fine particles
to visibility reduction in the atmosphere, with emphasis on various components
of fine particles such as sulfates, organics, and carbon soot. Work on developing
air pollutant damage functions will be performed. Specifically, air quality data
obtained through field studies will be used to develop risk assessments for partic-
ulate matter damage to materials.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs. In view of emerging
needs related toozone attainment, special mechanisticstudies will be conducted
to increase the accuracy of air quality models to predict ozone levels. A non-
attainment city will be chosen for a case study. The Regional Oxidant Model will
be extensively used to determine the impact of a variety of VOC and NOx emission
abatement strategies for ozone control, with emphasis on the northeast. Chemistry
A-20
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and dispersion components of urban scale participate models will be completed with
emphasis on the atmospheric chemistry of nitrate and organic aerosols. Work will
be initiated to assess the impact of lower level emitting sources of particulate
matter in stagnant valleys. Version 7 of UNAMAP will be completed, thus providing
the user community with updated air quality models.
Provide Scientific Support to Develop Regulations for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants'!In order to increase the Agency's understanding of how HAPs are formed and
to estimate their expected lifetime in the atmosphere, laboratory and field studies
will be conducted to determine the atmospheric reaction rates and transformation
products of HAPs under Agency review. HAP chemistry will be studied under condi-
tions that simulate atmospheric conditions. Studies will be conducted to identify
potential HAPs produced in air from innocuous pollutants. As part of ORD's Inte-
grated Air Cancer Project, studies will be conducted to examine the formation,
stability, and transformation of volatile and aerosol bound organics and potentially
carcinogenic materials in the atmosphere. This research will help identify those
HAPs which warrant further study.
Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory Program. As a re-
sult of recent data indicating that emissions from gasoline pumps may present a
substantial risk to human health, research on mobile source control technologies
for evaporative emissions will be evaluated. Studies will also be conducted to
develop analytical procedures for characterizing motor vehicle emissions and to
develop procedures for laboratory simulation of roadway driving conditions. Tail-
pipe, evaporative, and refueling emissions will be characterized, to include both
regulated and selected unregulated emissions. The emissions associated with the
use of alternative fuels, such as methanol blends, will be characterized.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,143,300 supported by 57.5 to-
tal workyears for this, program, of which $3,806,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,336,700 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research to improve air quality models continues, with emphasis on regional ozone
modeling and urban and regional modeling of inhalable particles. Visibility reduc-
tion due to fine particles and the impact of pollutants on important materials in-
cluding paint are being studied. The model to assess the dispersion of S0£ on the
windward side of mountains is being completed. Studies are being conducted to deter-
mine the levels of hazardous air pollutants found in urban atmospheres. Mobile
source emissions are being characterized from vehicles equipped with new emission
control devices.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $10,704,100 supported by 62.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,644,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,059,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Studies were completed on the emission rates of gaseous hydrocarbons during vehicle
refueling. Other studies investigated the impact of fuel volatility and methanol
fuel on evaporative emissions. A computer model which quantitatively describes the
formation and removal of ambient particulate matter was developed.
STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,829,300 supported by 14.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $854,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $10,975,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
A-21
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represents Increases of $436,300 and $7,328;300 respectively, and an Increase of
7.0 total workyears. Stratospheric Modification research will be significantly ex-
panded In 1989 to support the Administration's initiative on stratospheric ozone.
The recent Montreal Protocol focused International attention on the problem of
stratospheric ozone depletion and set deadlines for decisions on tightening exist-
ing controls on ozone depleting CFCs by 1994. The resource Increases will provide
for an expanded research program on the effects of ozone depletion and the resulting
increases in UV-B radiation on human health and the environment. The results of
this research will be used by Agency policymakers before recommending any addition-
al controls in 1994.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects of Stratospheric
Ozone Bepletion and Develop Control Technologies"! One outcome of the Montreal
Protocol on stratospheric ozone depletion was the commitment that initial decision-
making regarding tightened controls of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) will be made by
1994. In view of this short time frame, ORD will significantly increase Its efforts
to determine the ecological effects of ultraviolet light in the 290-320 nanometer
wave band (UV-B). One goal of this research will be to determine the effects of
UV-B on aquatic ecosystems Including impacts on shellfish and finflsh. Specific
aquatic ecosystems will be chosen following completion in 1988 of a long-range
research plan for stratospheric ozone. In addition to the ecological effects
research, ORD will evaluate CFC and halon control technologies; conduct research
on immune and other human health effects resulting from increased levels of UV-B
radiation; monitor the effects of increased UV-B on other tropospheric pollutants;
and conduct decision support research to assess and integrate the data collected.
Provide Scientific Data Necessary to Determine the Effects of Global Warming
and Develop Control Strategies.Due to increasing national and international con-
cern over the potential for global climate change resulting from pbllutants in the
troposphere and stratosphere, ORD initiated a global climate research program in
1988 which will continue in 1989. Ecological system sensitivities to climate
changes will be studied and regional maps of the projected consequences of climate
change will be developed. Ecological methods development will focus on estimating
the potential changes in such major resources as croplands, forests, and surface
water availability and quality.' Atmospheric modeling will expand to Include esti-
mates of regional consequences of tropospheric and stratospheric air quality
changes. This research will be developed and conducted in close coordination with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, and other relevant Federal agencies.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,064,700 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $418,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,646,700 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Long-term plans for global climate change research and stratospheric ozone research
are being developed. Ongoing research on the effects of UV-B on cereal grain crops
forests and commercial marine fisheries will continue. ORD will provide technical
support to the Agency in developing policies on global warming and control of CFCs.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,101,900 supported by 2.1 total work-
years for this program, of which $179,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,922,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation. Re-
search on the effects of UV-B radiation on crops including wheat and soybeans and on
aquatic species was conducted. A report was prepared on progress-to-date in studying
the ecological effects of UV-B radiation and a report was also prepared on control
options analyses for CFC user industries. In response to growing concerns, the
Agency initiated a global warming research program.
A-22
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Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards A-24
Emission Standards & Technology Assessment A-27
Pollutant Strategies & A1r Standards Development A-28
State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development A-30
Mobile Source Atr Pollution Control & Fuel Economy A-32
Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization A-34
Testing, Technical A Administrative Support A-36
Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance A-37
State Programs Resource Assistance A-40
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) A-42
Training A-45
A1r Quality Management Implementation A-46
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment A-51
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring. A-53
Air Quality & Emissions Data Management & Analysis A-55
A-23
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I
ro
AIR
A1r Quality 4 Stationary Source Planning 4 Standards
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards 4
Technology Assessment
Salaries 4 Expenses $5,177.7 $5,657.9 $5,356.7 $5,356.7 $4,645.8 -$710.9
Abatement Control and $8,757.4 $7,579.7 $7,579.7 $7,279.7 $5,699.7 -$1,580.0
Compliance
TOTAL $13,935.1 $13,237.6 $12,936.4 $12,636.4 $10,345.5 -$2,290.9
Pollutant Strategies 4
A1r Standards
3, Development
Salaries 4 Expenses $4,409.5 $4,693.5 $4,654.3 $4,654.3 $5,043.0 $388.7
Abatement Control and $7,207.0 $2,935.0 $6,935.0 $6,407.9 $5,277.9 -$1,130.0
Compliance
TOTAL $11,616.5 $7,628.5 $11,589.3 $11,062.2 $10,320.9 -$741.3
State Program Policy
Guidelines 4
Regulations Development
Salaries 4 Expenses $2,565.4 $2,616.9 $2,844.5 $2,844.5 $3,456.9 $612.4
Abatement Control and $870.6 $477.7 . $477.7 $766.6 $1,376.6 $610.0
Compliance
TOTAL $3,436.0 $3,094.6 $3,322.2 $3,611.1 $4,833.5 $1,222.4
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses $12,152.6 $1.2,968.3 $12,855.5 $12,855.5 $13,145.7 $290.2
Abatement Control and $16,835.0 $10,992.4 $14,992.4 $14,454.2 $12,354.2 -$2,100.0
Compliance
Air Quality 4 TOTAL $28,987.6 $23,960.7 $27,847.9 $27,309.7 $25,499.9 -$1,809.8
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards
-------
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
AIR
A1r Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
r\»
(71
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies 4
A1r Standards
Development
State Program Policy
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
96.1 105.5 105.5 101.9
75.6
50.1
92.4
47.9
92.4
47.9
87.8
52.4
87.5 -14.4
87.8
63.3 10.9
221.8 245.8 245.8 242.1 238.6 -3.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment
Pollutant Strategies 4
A1r Standards
Development
State Program Policy
Guidelines &
Regulations Development
99.7 105.5 105.5 101.9
79.9
51.2
92.4
47.9
92.4
47.9
87.8
52.4
87.5 -14.4
87.8
63.3 10.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
230.8 245.8 245.8 242.1 238.6 -3.5
-------
AIR
Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,499,800 supported by 238.6 total workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $809,900 and 3.5 total workyears from 1988. Of the request,
$13,145,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $12,354,200
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of
$290,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a decrease of $1,100,000 in
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivlty Include:
Emission Standards and Technology Assessment This program provides for the
establishment, review, and revision of national emission standards for stationary
sources under Sections 111 and 112 of the Clean Air Act. Section 111 requires EPA
to establish New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs). Section 112 authorizes
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
NSPSs reflect the performance of the best demonstrated control systems for
reducing emissions. The standards are set taking into consideration technical
feasibility and cost, as well as economic, energy, and environmental impacts. The
background information published as part of the process for setting NSPSs provides
useful data for State agencies in defining best available control technology, which
must be done under other sections of .the Clean Air Act.
NESHAPs are set at levels to protect the public from hazardous pollutants that
cause or contribute to air pollution that results in an increase in mortality or an
increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating illness.
Pollutant Strategies and Air Standards Development The major activities of
this programinclude:(T)regularreview andrevision, as appropriate, of all
existing National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs); (2) identification and
assessment of potential hazardous air pollutants, including the determination as to
the appropriateness of a listing under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act; and (3)
the overall coordination, development, and review of air policies and strategies
including work on air toxics and on emerging issues such as acid deposition,
stratospheric ozone depletion, and indoor air pollution.
State Program Policy Guidelines and Regulations This program includes:
(1) development of guidelines and regulations that set forth requirements for air
pollution control programs implemented by the States under the Clean. Air Act; and
(2) overview of the development and implementation of State and local air pollution
control programs. The State and local programs provide for the attainment and
maintenance of NAAQSs, reduction of air toxics, prevention of significant deteriora-
tion of air quality in clean air areas, and the protection of visibility in national
parks and wilderness areas. The national program management carried out under this
program helps ensure consistency among EPA Regional Offices, States, and local
agencies in carrying out the requirements of the Clean Air Act.
A-26
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EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,345,500 supported by 87.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,645,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,699,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents decreases of $710,900 and $1,580,000, respectively, and a
decrease of 14.4 total workyears. These decreases reflect the completion of some
of the preliminary NESHAPs development activities underway in 1988 and the shifting
of resources to support ozone strategy implementation.
The major program emphasis in 1989 will continue to be reductions in air
toxics, including NESHAPs development and use of other regulatory authorities to
control toxics emissions; source assessments to support Section 112 listing
decisions for potentially hazardous pollutants; and implementation support to State
air toxics programs, especially through the Control Technology Center. During
1989, promulgations will include NESHAPs for coke ovens (wet charging and topside
leaks), asbestos revision (demolition and renovation), and benzene, as well as
regulations under the Toxics Substances Control Act (TSCA) for chromium from comfort
cooling. NESHAPs proposals include chromium (electroplating, cooling towers),
ethylene oxide (commercial sterilizers), hazardous organics, degreasing, and perch-
loroethylene (dry cleaning). An NSPS and lll(d) guideline for landfills will be
proposed. Continuing regulatory work includes further development of new NESHAPs
for sources of methylene chloride, trichloroethylene (machinery manufacturing and
rebuilding); a new NSPS and lll(d) guideline for municipal waste combustion; five
source category assessments in support of regulatory decisions; and reassessment
of promulgated NESHAPs in response to the vinyl chloride litigation and benzene
remand. The program increases support for the anticipated expansion of the Air
Toxics Control Technology Center.
In 1989 NSPS development will continue. This includes promulgation of eight
NSPSs covering eight additional priority list categories. One new NSPS will be
proposed.
Technology assessment in 1989 provides implementation support for State air
pollution programs, primarily those to reduce ozone and size-specific particulate
matter (PM10). Implementation support will be provided for the woodstove NSPS
through laboratory certification and methods evaluation.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $12,636,400 supported by 101.9
total workyears to this program, of which $5,356,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,279,700 is from the Abatement, Controland Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 NSPS development continues. One proposal and ten promulgations
covering seven additional priority list source categories are scheduled for 1988. In
addition, one NSPS review is being completed. Other activities include litigation
work relating to particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from indus-
trial boilers, developmental work for four NSPSs, and implementation support to
States for ozone and PM10 State Implementation Plan (SIP) development.
Proposals for two NESHAPs (asbestos demolition and renovation revision
and benzene coke by-product plants) are scheduled in 1988. The woodstoves NSPS
will be promulgated. Source assessments are being completed to support listing
decisions in 1989. Ongoing NESHAPs work includes development of standards for
A-27
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sources of the eight Intent to list pollutants, municipal Incinerators, and proposed
response to a voluntary remand on benzene. Controls for chromium comfort cooling are
scheduled to be proposed. Consistent with the National A1r Toxics Strategy, imple-
mentation support 1s also being provided to State air toxic pollutant control
programs. This support is being provided through the Air Toxics Control Technology
Center in cooperation with the Office of Research and Development to provide direct
engineering support to State and local agencies in solving air toxics control
problems. Activities include provision of control technology documents, workshops,
and special engineering analyses.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $13,935,100 supported by 99.7 total
workyears, of which $5,177,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,757,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
contract resources were used to continue work related to setting standards for
NSPSs and NESHAPs.
In 1987 work continued on setting NSPSs for source categories on EPA's priority
list. NSPS activity included proposal of seven new standards and promulgation of
four standards covering three additional priority 11st source categories.
A revision to the NESHAPs for mercury was promulgated during 1987. One NESHAPs
for benzene (coke oven wet charging) was proposed in 1987. Source assessments for
twenty chemical compounds were completed.
POLLUTANT STRATEGIES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,320,900 supported by 87.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,043,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,277,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $388,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $1,130,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The increase reflects increased personnel and support costs and
replacement of worn-out equipment. The decrease reflects anticipated completion
of global climate studies in 1988.
Promulgation of revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide is planned for
1989. Also in 1989, revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for lead are scheduled to be
proposed. Work on the review of the NAAQSs for ozone will be nearing completion
and the next round of reviews of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide NAAQSs
will be underway in 1989. Work will also be underway on a new fine particle
secondary NAAQS.
A-28
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The program will continue to provide a key role in implementing the National
Air Toxics Strategy. Preliminary screening and assessment of new pollutants will
continue and regulatory decisions will be published for 10-12 new compounds or
source categories in 1989. The program will also continue to support NESHAPs
development by providing health, exposure, and risk analyses. Efforts will continue
to assess pollutants with noncarcinogenic effects. The program will also continue
its lead role in development and implementation of the Agency's policies on air
toxics control, including intra-agency toxics coordination and use of non-CAA
authorities to reduce air toxics. These activities implement the direct Federal
regulatory program set forth in the National Air Toxics Strategy and will focus on
pollutants and source categories that pose significant public health risks. Also
in 1989, continued support will be provided to States and local agencies through
the operation and enhancement of the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
and provision of materials, guidance, and assistance. In 1989, EPA will fully
implement the Health Risk Information Center to provide risk assessment expertise,
guidance, and support to developing State and local air toxics programs.
Other activities include the overall coordination, development, and review of
air policies and strategies, including continued analyses of acid rain policy and
implementation issues and implementation and follow-up on pending domestic and
international actions needed to protect stratospheric ozone. Development of regu-
latory options for the remaining fully halogenated fluorocarbons will be initiated.
EPA will also continue its indoor air effort in 1989 to provide policy coordination
and information dissemination as well as partial implementation of recommendations
in its report to Congress.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency -is allocating a total of $11,062,200 supported by 87.8
total workyears to this program, of which $4,654,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,407,900 is from the Abatement, Co.ntrol and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 EPA is examining the need for a fine particulate secondary NAAOS.
Revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide will be proposed and review of the
staff paper for the lead NAAQSs is being completed. Pollutant assessment activities
are expected to result in regulatory decisions for eight to ten potentially toxic
air pollutants. Other activities include: operation of the Air Toxics Clearing-
house; initiation of the Health Risk Information Center; preparation of health,
exposure, and risk analyses for the NESHAPs program; and continuing implementation
of the National Air Toxics Strategy, including support to State and local programs
on air toxics problems.
Work is also continuing on acid rain policy and implementation issues, on
implementation of actions needed to protect stratospheric ozone, and on development
of the framework for an indoor air program. In 1988 EPA will complete the regulatory
action, required by court order, to regulate CFCs. EPA will also begin developing
the program for implementing the regulatory action and the analysis and data for
implementing the international protocol. In addition, EPA will complete the Report
to Congress on the long-term Federal role in indoor air quality.
In the area of global climate change, the Office of Policy Analysis is
continuing work on the two draft reports to Congress on the Environmental Effects
of Climate Change and on Policy Options for Stabilizing Climate, on developing an
initial framework for estimates of future concentrations of trace gases and global
temperatures, and on completing analyses of the impact of climate change on
California, the Great Plains, Southeast, and Great Lakes.
A-29
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $11,616,500 supported by 79.9 total
workyears, of which $4,409,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$7,207,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1987 EPA promulgated the revised NAAQSs for PMjQ and published an
advance notice of proposed rulemaking for a fine particulate secondary NAAQS. EPA
continued review of the sulfur dioxide, lead, and ozone NAAQSs. In the pollutant
assessment area, EPA continued the health and risk assessments for potentially
toxic air pollutants to determine the need for regulations. Regulatory decisions
were published for five compounds or source categories. Other activities included
the operation of the Air Toxics Clearinghouse and health, exposure, and risk analyses
for NESHAPs development. Work also continued on acid rain policy and implementation
issues and exploration of the extent and causes of stratospheric ozone depletion,
as well as the framework needed to address the indoor air problem. Global climate
change work focused on starting the two reports to Congress, on building the frame-
work for analysis of options to stabilize the atmosphere, and providing technical
support for bilateral activities on climate.
STATE PROGRAM POLICY GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,833,500 supported by 63.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,456,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,376,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents increases of $612,400 and $610,00 respectively, and
an increase of 10.9 total workyears. The increases will support a more active
management role in the development and preparation of the ozone/CO SIPs and the
review of PMjo SIPs to ensure technical integrity of SIP submittals and improve the
interface between toxics control, ozone, and particulate control programs.
In 1989 EPA will continue to provide national direction, management, and
assistance to the national air quality management effort for the attainment of
NAAQSs and prevention of significant deterioration (PSD). EPA will also develop
program and technical guidance for State and local agencies to address PM^ sulfur
dioxide, and ozone. Management of the SIP process will continue with emphasis on
the post-1987 ozone/CO attainment program and PM^g SIPs. Special attention will be
given to the adoption of regionally consistent regulations for the control of VOCS
including assistance to States in identifying, adopting, and implementing measures
that will directly involve the public. EPA will review PMjo SIPs developed in
areas needing substantial SIP revisions to meet the new PMjg NAAQSs. Key actions
in 1989 will also include providing guidance and oversight of State efforts to
develop fugitive source and nontraditional source control measures; preparing
periodic national reports on the status of State progress toward the development
and submission of Pl^g SIPs to EPA; reviewing regionally forwarded PMin SIPs for
consistency with all requirements; and expediting the EPA Headquarters review and
decisions on the adequacy of State-submitted SIPs and completing necessary
rulemaking actions.
In 1989 State and local air toxics programs will be further enhanced with the
implementation and revision of multi-year plans. - Activities to improve the
interface between toxics control and ozone and particulate control will be expanded.
The New Source Review (NSR) program will provide guidance and assistance to Regions
and States permitting new sources and support to national litigation over current
regulations. Regulatory work will be completed on the development of PSD increments
for PMio and nitrogen oxides. Also in 1989, EPA will expand its program to follow
A-30
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up on the results of State audits and needed corrective actions, thereby Improving
interregional and interstate consistency, addressing critical air pollution infra-
structure needs, and resolving current program weaknesses. Air toxics program
development will be added to the national air audit program.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,611,100 supported by 52.4 total.
workyears to this program, of which $2,844,500 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $766,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 the major priorities are promulgation and implementation of the post-
1987 strategy for ozone and CO, review of SIPs developed to meet the new PMio
NAAQSs, and continued support to State/local air toxics programs. In 1988 EPA is
scheduled to propose the post-1987 nonattainment policy for ozone and CO. EPA is
also planning to prepare regulatory support documents for implementing the new PMio
NAAQS. The NSR program is continuing to provide permit assistance and litigation
support, including rulemaking adding surface coal mines to NSR regulations and
including fugitive emissions in determining NSR applicability. Efforts to establish
PSD increments for nitrogen oxides and PMio are also continuing.
The National Air Audit System is starting another two-year cycle (1988-1989)
to evaluate and review State air programs. Consistent with the State enhancement
portion of the National Air Toxics Strategy, guidance to improve State/local program
capability through multi-year development plans is being provided, including the
design of programs to address high-risk point source and urban air toxics problems.
Studies and workshops are being conducted to document exemplary practices and
facilitate information exchange.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $3,436,000 supported by' 51.2 total
workyears, of which $2,565,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$870,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
National management and evaluation of all major SIP programs continued in
1987. Program guidance, policy papers and technical information were developed on
a variety of issues, including promulgation of the PMio SIP development strategy
and the holding of four national PMio implementation workshops. New source review
program guidance was provided and management of the National Air Audit System was
continued, including coordinating the audits of 31 agencies, compiling the results
for inclusion in a national audit report and evaluating the program to address 1988
air program objectives. Guidance was also provided for the development of State/
local multi-year air toxics plans and programs. Rulemaking activities included
proposal of (1) Federal regulations to correct deficient SIPs involving sources
causing visibility impairment and (2) alternative policies to address rural
fugitive dust areas.
A-31
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compli ance
$3,734.7 $4,369.3 $4,392.0
$2,964.0 $3.038;9 $3,038.9
$4,392.0 $4,435.9 $43.9
$2.938.9 $3,488.9 $550.0
TOTAL $6,698.7 $7,408.2 $7,430.9 $7,330.9 $7,924.8 $593.9
$5,501.2 $5,319.2 $5,209.9 $5,209.9 $5,262.0 $52.1
$900.0 $850.2 $850.2 $850.2 $850.2
TOTAL $6,401.2 $6,169.4 $6,060.1 $6,060.1 $6.112.2 $52.1
$1,649.0 $1,761.9 $1.818.5 $1.818.5 $1,836.7 $18.2
$24.8 $33.1 $33.1 $33.1 $33.1
TOTAL $1,673.8 $1,795.0 $1,851.6 $1,851.6 $1.869.8 $18.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
$10,884.9 $11,450.4 $11,420.4 $11,420.4 $11,534.6 $114.2
$3.888.8 $3,922.2 $3,922.2 $3,822.2 $4,372.2 $550.0
TOTAL $14,773.7 $15,372.6 $15,342.6 $15,242.6 $15,906.8 $664.2
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AIR
Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control 4 Fuel Economy
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
to
GO
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment S
Characterization
Testing, Technical 4
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
72.9
199.2
77.9
77.9
77.3
77.3
93.6 93.6 93.6 92.9 92.9
I
32.7 33.3 33.3 33.1 33.1
204.8 204.8 203.3 203.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment S
Characterization
Testing, Technical 4
Administrative Support
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
77.5
96.8
33.8
77.9
93.6
33.3
77.9
93.6
33.3
77.3
92.9
33.1
77.3
92.9
33.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
208.1
204.8 204.8 203.3 203.3
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AIR
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control and Fuel Economy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,906,800 supported by 203.3 total workyears.
for 1989, an increase of $664,200 and no change in total workyears from 1988. Of
the request, $11,534,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$4,372,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $114,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
an increase of $550,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
This subactivity includes the following mobile source programs:
Emission Standards. Technical Assessment, and Characterization This program
provides the standards development and analysis required for the control of mobile
source emissions under the Clean Air Act. Work is also carried out to improve fuel
economy testing procedures and evaluate fuel economy retrofit devices, as required
by the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. This program is responsible
for developing both light-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine standards for the
control of evaporative and exhaust emissions. Other major program activities
include: characterization of toxic emissions; assessment of emissions control
technology; technical assistance to the States for implementation of local control
programs; assessment of actual emissions levels from in-use vehicles; analysis of
the current and prospective impacts of motor vehicle emissions on air quality; and
assessment of alternative fuels and technologies as a means of reducing air pollution
from mobile sources.
Testing, Technical, and Administrative Support This program provides basic
testing, technical, arid administrative support to the mobile source operating
programs of EPA.
Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance This program implements the emissions
certification and compliance requirements of the Clean Air Act as well as the fuel
economy information and compliance requirements of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. As part of this program, EPA makes fuel economy information
available to the consumer through the mile per gallon values which are published
in the Gas Mileage Guide and displayed on new vehicle labels to ensure that EPA's
responsibilities are met under the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) compliance
program.
EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT. AND CHARACTERIZATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,924,800 supported by 77.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,435,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,488,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This is an increase of $43,900 for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $550,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel
and support costs. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation will support additional work related to the use of alternative fuels,
A-34
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supporting the initiative established by the Vice President's Task Force, as
well as attainment measures for ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) standards. The
increase will also be used to address CO emission problems under cold temperature
conditions.
In 1989 the standards program will continue to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics. Standards development will focus on fuel and fuel
additive testing protocols mandated by the Clean Air Act to assure identification
of substances suspected of contributing to air toxics health effects prior to the
introduction of the substances into widespread use. This effort will result in a
proposed rule during 1989. Work will also ensure implementation support to the
new methanol emission standards as well as to the on-board refueling regulations.
The latter is expected to reduce hydrocarbon emissions by an additional two percent.
Specific technology assessment work will focus on the implementation of the post-
1987 ozone/CO attainment strategy. In addition, the emissions impact of alterna-
tive fuels, such as oxygenated blends and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), will be
investigated. Additional testing of in-use vehicles will assess the effectiveness
of emission control technologies in controlling CO emissions under cold temperature
conditions.
Implementation of the on-board refueling emissions control rule will require
significant effort to bring a standard test procedure on line. The Agency will
begin to define the requirements (based on experience gained in the development and
promulgation of the rule) and implement a test procedure at the Motor Vehicle
Emissions Laboratory (MVEL).
A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) for controlling diesel fuel composition
consistent with toxics particulate control will be published. Also, an NPR for
heavy-duty emissions banking and trading will be considered for publication. In-
use vehicle testing will continue to assess the emissions performance of the in-use
fleet. Revised light-duty truck hydrocarbon standards will be promulgated. Work
will continue on the assessment of heavy-duty diesel trap technology. Additional
work will be done to insure the effectiveness of the enhanced vehicle inspection
and maintenance (I/M) programs put into place by State and local jurisdictions.
In addition, 15 audits and follow-ups of State and local I/M programs will be
completed.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $7,330,900 supported by 77.3
total workyears for this program, of which $4,392,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,938,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 the standards program is continuing to emphasize control of ozone
precursors and air toxics. The regulatory program is continuing to concentrate on
control of evaporative and refueling emissions, excess hydrocarbon emissions,
formaldehyde, methanol, and participates. Final emission standards and test proce-
dures for methanol vehicles are being promulgated. Revised light-duty truck hydro-
carbon standards are being proposed. Testing of in-use vehicles is continuing to
assess the emissions performance of the in-use fleet. Work is continuing on the
assessment of heavy-duty diesel trap technology with the implementation of a pro-
totype electric trap regeneration system. Support to the development of State
Implementation Plans is continuing with emphasis on I/M programs for in-use vehicles.
A total of 15 formal audits and follow-ups of State and local I/M programs are being
completed.
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $6,698,700 supported by 77.5 total
workyears, of which $3,734,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,964,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In support of the Agency's on-going ozone control efforts, the program proposed
hydrocarbon emission standards for the refueling of automobiles and also fuel volat-
ility standards. The program provided implementation assistance and review of
State Implementation Plans, particularly I/M programs. In 1987 eight I/M audits were
completed and 10 follow-up audits were carried out to assess the effectiveness of
State and local efforts. Four new I/M programs were begun in 1987, bringing the
total number of urban areas with inspection programs to 60.
In support of the Agency's air toxics control strategy, the regulatory program
continued work on control of formaldehyde and particulate matter. Characterization
of emissions from vehicles powered by alternative fuels also continued, including
work on a rulemaking setting standards and test procedures for methanol-fueled
vehicles. With the implementation of lead phasedown, additional work was directed
towards alternatives to leaded gasoline. A systematic review of the heavy-duty
standards for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter continued for
potential future revision.
TESTING. TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,112,200 supported by 92.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,262,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $850,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $52,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1988. The increase in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support costs.
This program will provide testing, technical, and administrative support to
the operating programs of the Office of Mobile Sources at the MVEL located in Ann
Arbor, Michigan. Approximately 1,000 tests will be performed on prototype vehicles,
and 1,300 tests on in-use vehicles in support of the emissions factors and recall
programs. In addition, 100 tests on new and in-use heavy-duty engines will be
provided to support the implementation and enforcement of the standards for these
engines. General activities that will be supported include recall, tampering and
fuel switching, standard-setting, emissions characterization, technology assessment,
fuel economy, in-use vehicle emissions assessment, and motor vehicle emission
certification. The support that will be provided includes: automated data pro-
cessing (ADP) timesharing services, laboratory data acquisition, and computer
operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure emissions and fuel economy; quality
assurance and control and correlation services for EPA and industry testing programs;
maintenance and engineering design of emission testing equipment; and personnel,
administrative, safety, and facilities support services. Testing and analysis of
approximately 11,000 fuel samples collected for enforcement purposes will continue.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is 'allocating a total of $6,060,100 supported by 92.9
total workyears for this program, of which $5,209,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $850,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
A-36
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The 1988 program continues to focus on increasing the efficiency of the testing,
technical, and administrative support operations while maintaining or expanding the
quality and quantity of outputs.
Testing support to the certification, fuel economy, and in-use compliance and
assessment programs continues with a total of approximately 2,300 tests scheduled
for these programs in 1988. Testing activities supported at the MVEL range from
performing standard, well-established engineering tests to the development and
performance of new test procedures to accommodate new program needs or changing
technology.
Routine testing and analysis of 11,000 fuel samples collected in the field
for enforcing fuels regulations continues. Correlation programs to maintain
equivalent test procedures between manufacturers and EPA continue. Test equipment
maintenance, calibration, and repair services are being provided. The adequacy
of existing procedures and equipment to test newer technology vehicles is being
evaluated. If necessary, new equipment and procedures will be designed. In addi-
tion, personnel, facility support services, safety, ADP, and administrative
management functions are provided at the MVEL.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $6,401,200 supported by 96.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,501,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $900,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987 a total of 980 tests were conducted for certification, fuel economy
labeling, and compliance programs. Testing in support of the recall, surveillance,
tampering/fuel switching programs; the development of emission factors; and the
assessment of the effectiveness of new emissions control technology in maintaining
the emission standards in-use resulted in 1,400 tests on 475 vehicles in 1987.
"Routine testing and analysis of 10,708 fuel samples (collected in the field) were
performed in 1987 to enforce fuel regulations.
Basic personnel and administrative management functions, including ADP manage-
ment were provided. Also, safety and facility services, aimed at maintaining a
high level of occupational safety and health, were provided.
EMISSIONS AND FUEL ECONOMY COMPLIANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,869,800 supported by 33.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,836,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $33,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $18,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and no change in total workyears from 1988. The increase in
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel and support
costs.
The emissions certification program will continue to assess the validity of
the applications for certification of approximately 100 original equipment manufac-
turers of light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation
in the certification program by importers reselling vehicles is expected to continue
to increase as a result of new rules published in 1987. Approximately 40 certificate
holders will be bringing non-conforming imports into compliance. In 1989, the
in-use program will continue to stress the examination of control technology
effectiveness at high mileage. Alternatives for improving the effectiveness of
A-37
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the certification program in reducing high mileage 1n-use noncompllance will be
identified, as will- the possibilities for further cost reductions. Work will
continue on suspected problems with manufacturers' alleged use of defeat devices
and more testing will be done under non-Federal Test Procedure conditions to assess
the degree to which emission control devices control emissions only on the standard
test cycle and do not do so in actual on-road use. On-board refueling certification
implementation will be started, including work on a certification standard test
facility for compliance testing of manufacturers' prototype certification vehicles
in order to assure that the two percent reduction of volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions associated with the rules is achieved. Also in 1989, the program
plans to propose mobile source user fees.
The statutory fuel economy information program will be carried out, with the
provision of 1,000 labels, 50 CAFE calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide.
Guidance to manufacturers on implementing changes required by revisions to the fuel
economy regulations will continue.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $1,851,600 supported by 33.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,818,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $33,100 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The emissions certification program is continuing to issue certificates of
compliance to approximately 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and motorcycles. Participation in the certification
program by importers reselling vehicles will begin to increase resulting from new
rules being promulgated. Streamlined procedures for handling these new certificate
holders will be developed. .In 1988 the 1n-use program is placing further emphasis
on assessment of high mileage vehicle control technology and the precise nature of
failures to meet standards at high mileage. Work is also focusing on suspected
problems with manufacturers' use of defeat devices, as well as on emissions under
conditions different from the .Federal Test Procedure. This additional engineering
analysis will help assess the degree to which emission control devices differ
relative to the standard test cycle versus actual on-road operational conditions.
Procedures for certifying after-market parts will be promulgated. Also, the
program is working towards development of a proposal for mobile source user
fees.
The statutory fuel economy information program is being carried out, with
1,000 labels, 50 CAFE calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide being
produced. Guidance to manufacturers on implementing changes required by revisions
to the fuel economy regulations is continuing.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $1,673,800 supported by 33.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,649,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $24,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The emissions certification program issued certificates of compliance to
approximately 100 original equipment manufacturers of light-duty vehicles, heavy-
duty engines, and motorcycles. Certification engineering review continued to
deter the production of vehicle designs not capable of meeting emission standards.
Participation in the certification program by importers reselling vehicles conti-
nued to increase. In addition, a final rule revising and streamlining procedures
A-38
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for the Importation of non-conforming vehicles was developed. A regulation for
aftermarket parts certification was proposed. The fuel economy program generated
1,170 fuel economy labels, verified 76 CAFE calculations, and compiled data for
the Gas Mileage Guide. The in-use technology assessment program examined durability
of control technology at high mileage.
A-39
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 YS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 105 Grants)
Abatement Control and $94,570.1 $95.000.0 $92,668.4 $92,603.4 $95,000.0 $2,396.6
Compliance
TOTAL $94,570.1 $95,000.0 $92,668.4 $92,603.4 $95,000.0 $2,396.6
Training
Salaries & Expenses $250.3 $258.0 $250.2 $250.2 $252.7 $2.5
TOTAL $250.3 $258.0 $250.2 $250.2 $252.7 $2.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $250.3 $258.0 $250.2 $250.2 $252.7 $2.5
Abatement Control and $94,570.1 $95,000.0 $92,668.4 $92,603.4 $95,000.0 $2,396.6
Compliance
State Programs TOTAL $94,820.4 $95,258.0 $92,918.6 $92,853.6 $95,252.7 $2,399.1
Resource Assistance
PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Training 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL HORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987
4.2
4.2
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS
4.0
4.0
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
IN THOUSANDS)
4.0 4.0
4.0 4.0
REQUEST
1989
4.0
4.0
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198
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AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,252,700 supported by 4.0 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $2,399,100 from 1988. Of the request, $252,700 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $95,000,000 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation of $2,500 and an increase of $2,396,600 in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
This subactivity provides financial and training support to State and local
air pollution control agencies, and to air quality programs for Indian lands for
the prevention, abatement, and control of air pollution. The primary objective of
this subactivity is to support the development and implementation of effective
State and local programs for the attainment and maintenance of the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs), in accordance with provisions of the Clean Air Act.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) -- Direct grants
to controlagencies that have major roles in developing and carrying out programs
under the Clean Air Act constitutes the major form of EPA resource assistance.
Direct grants are supplemented by the training of State and local air pollution
control personnel and the provision of services of contractors for specific tasks
identified by the States and localities. The grants support State and local
activities that develop State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for the attainment and
maintenance of the NAAQSs; enforce source emission regulations and requirements
contained within the SIPs; review'and permit "new sources; monitor ambient air
quality for assessing environmental quality and progress; and develop data bases
necessary for regulatory decisions. In addition, these funds promote the assumption
and implementation of other Clean Air Act responsibilities, including those for the
prevention-of significant deterioration (PSD), protection of visibility, and the
implementation of New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) and National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs). Finally, these funds help control
agencies to develop and enhance air toxics programs for assessing and mitigating
exposures, consistent with the Agency's National Air Toxics Strategy.
Training Traditionally, resource assistance is further supplemented by the
provision of training in specialized areas of air pollution control. New courses
are developed as needed, and instructional materials are revised and updated and
provided to university training centers. The EPA staff works with university
centers to develop State and local self-sufficiency in training by offering courses
at area training centers.
CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 105 GRANTS)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $95,000,000, all of which will be for the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an increase of
$2,396,600 to support State implementation of the post-1987 attainment policy for
ozone and carbon monoxide.
A-42
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In 1989, States will continue to focus on the three air pollution problems
emphasized in 1988: addressing post-1987 ozone/carbon monoxide NAAOS nonattainment,
meeting the revised NAAQSs for size-specific particulate matter (PMjo). and reducing
exposure to air toxics. Efforts initiated in 1988 to correct existing regulations
and programs, including the efforts to improve the inspection and compliance of
sources of volatile organic compounds, will be continued. States will continue to
prepare the revisions to their ozone/carbon monoxide SIPs required by the 1988
notifications, including the preparation of the required updates to baseline
emission inventories. Efforts within the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States to apply
the regional oxidant model to identify transport and assess control options over
large areas will be continued. States will work to prepare tracking systems for
assessing emission reductions and attainment progress. For PM^Q States will
complete and implement the required SIPs for most of the nonattainment areas (i.e.,
Group I Areas), perform necessary analyses and prepare SIPs, where required, for
the other areas experiencing violations of the standards, and work to complete the
PMjg ambient monitoring network.
For toxics, States will continue to implement various elements of their
multi-year plans for building and implementing programs to assess and reduce exposure
to air toxic compounds. State and local agency efforts to assess and mitigate
high individual risk from specific non-NESHAPs point sources will be continued.
States will continue their analyses documenting exposures and sources within the
30 large urban areas. Work toward the development and review of mitigation measures
within specific urban areas will proceed. Efforts to integrate air toxics conside-
rations into regulatory programs for ozone and PMjg w1^ be strengthened. Also,
States are expected to assume delegation from EPA and enforce newly promul gated
NESHAPs.
Also, in 1989 States will continue to carry out key core activities essential
to the operation and maintenance of effective air pollution regulatory programs.
This includes the implementation of source surveillance and compliance programs
aimed at assuring initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources with SIP
requirements and NSPSs, providing "timely and appropriate" response to significant
violations. States will operate the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) and the
State/local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS) networks and maintain quality assurance
programs providing data on air quality levels, trends, and attainment status.
States will continue to assume responsibility for the implementation of newly
promulgated NSPSs and for the review and permitting of new sources, including those
to which PSD requirements apply.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $92,603,400 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
In 1988 the major priorities of the program are: (1) implementation of the
June 1985 National Air Toxics Strategy; (?.) implementation of elements of the
post-1987 ozone/CO strategy calling for correction and enhancement of existing
programs in urban areas not meeting the 1987 attainment deadline; and (3) contin-
uation of activities to implement the NAAQSs for PMjo promulgated in 1987.
In 1988 States are carrying out key elements of the multi-year plans for the
enhancement and implementation of air toxics programs consistent with the Air
Toxics Strategy and EPA guidance. Principal activities include: (1.) the enforce-
ment of existing NESHAPs, including compliance with the asbestos demolition' and
renovation requirements; (?.) the improvement of assessment capabilities and data
bases needed to manage air toxics risks- at the State and local levels; (3) the
continuation of State programs for evaluating and mitigating exposures from specific
A-43
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non-NESHAPs point sources causing high Individual risk; (4) the assessment of
complex, multl-pollutant/source air toxics problems within the 30 largest urbanized
areas of the country; and (5) the review of selected mitigation measures in five
urban areas.
To help attain the ozone and CO NAAQSs, States are carrying out steps to
respond to the notifications issued by the Agency in 1988 of SIP inadequacies and
calls for development of corrective SIPs in areas not meeting the December 1987
deadline. The steps include activities to (1) evaluate, correct, and ensure full
application of existing regulations/programs; (2) improve inspection/ compliance
activities for both large and small sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs);
(3) start preparing updates to baseline inventories and collecting additional
ambient monitoring data, particularly for nonmethane hydrocarbons; (4) correct
identified deficiencies in operating vehicle inspection/maintenance (I/M) programs;
(5) expand program within the Northeast corridor and Middle Atlantic States to
employ regional models where intercity transport will require controls over large
geographic areas; and (6) improve staff and agency implementation capabilities.
For PMio, States are continuing to set up the ambient monitoring networks within
the more significant PMio areas, to complete emissions inventories necessary for
preparation of required SIPs, and to continue development of the required SIPs for
the Group I and more significant Group II areas.
States are also carrying out inspection and source monitoring programs for
assuring initial and continuous compliance by all major stationary sources,
including timely and appropriate responses to violations. In addition, States are
also continuing to fully operate and monitor the quality of the NAMS/SLAMS networks
and to assume responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and NESHAPs.
1987 Accomplishments ...
In 1987 ttie Agency obligated a total of $94,570,100 to this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
In 1987 States continued to develop and implement the multiple regulatory
programs for the attainment of the ozone and CO NAAQSs in the urban areas missing
the 1982 deadlines or having extensions to 1987. States also commenced programs
to review existing regulations and programs and to prepare corrections to SIPs and
regulations where State/EPA rev.iews identified needed changes or new nonattainment
problems were documented. States worked to prepare the data bases and develop
PMio regulatory plans following promulgation of the NAAQSs in July 1987.
States continued to fully operate and monitor the quality of the NAMS/SLAMS
networks. States continued to establish networks to collect data preparatory to
regulatory decisions and the development of required PMio SIPs, including the
purchase of additional monitoring equipment for determining PMio levels in probable
nonattainment areas.
States carried out their inspection and source monitoring programs for assuring
initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources, including the provision of
timely and appropriate response to violations. Emphasis was placed on violating
A-44
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sources of VOCs and sources subject to NESHAPs, Including enforcement of asbestos
demolition and renovation requirements. Grant resources also supported corrections
to existing I/M programs and development of anti-tampering programs.
States began to carry out the key elements, of their multi-year plans for the
enhancement and implementation of air toxics programs consistent with the Air
Toxics Strategy and EPA guidance. These included efforts to assess exposures from
non-NESHAPs sources with high individual risk and identify air toxics problems in
major urban areas.
TRAINING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $252,700 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This request represents an increase of $2,500 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, reflecting increased personnel and support costs.
In 1989 EPA will continue to manage the self-study training program. Technical
support will be provided to States and Regions planning workshops and training
courses. In addition, existing courses will be updated, using in-house skills.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $250,200 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Activities in 1988 include management of the self-study training program,
technical support to States and Regions planning workshops and training courses,
and updating of existing courses using in-house skills.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $250,300 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1987 a total of 35 training courses were conducted covering 20 subject
areas for 864 students and six area training centers and in Regional locations.
Support was also provided for eight control agency employees. In addition, three
new courses were prepared and two existing courses were revised. Also, revised
self-instructional correspondence and classroom courses were prepared and made
available to 1,427 students.
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. AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $12,043.8 $13.111.2 $12,476.7 $12.476.7 $12,575.4 $98.7
Abatement Control and $549.2 $294.6 $294.6 $294.6 $294.6
Compliance
TOTAL $12,593.0 $13,405.8 $12,771.3 $12,771.3 $12,870.0 $98.7
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $12,043.8 $13,111.2 $12,476.7 $12,476.7 $12,575.4 $98.7
Abatement Control and $549.2. $294.6 $294.6 $294.6 $294.6
Compliance
Air Quality Management TOTAL $12,593.0 $13,405.8 $12.771.3 $12,771.3 $12,870.0 $98.7
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
r
Air Quality Management 271.0 293,3 293.3 270.4 288.3 17.9
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 271.0 293.3 293.3 270.4 288.3 17.9
-------
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS '
AIR
A1r Quality Management Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
'289.0 293.3 293.3 286.6 288.3 1.7
289.0 293.3 293.3 286.6 288.3 1.7
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AIR
Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,870,000 supported by 288.3 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $98,700 and 1.7 total workyears from 1988. Of the request,
$12,575,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $294,600 will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, representing an increase
of $98,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
This subactivity provides resources for the operation and maintenance of an
air quality management program in each of the Agency's ten Regional Offices. Under
the Clean Air Act, the States have primary responsibility for preparing attainment
strategies and meeting the commitments for the development and implementation of
multiple regulatory programs essential to the attainment and maintenance of National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). State strategies and programs have to be
revised when NAAQSs are modified, new standards are established, or deficiencies
within the strategies are identified. The Regional program, in partnership with
State and local air pollution control agencies, has a major responsibility for
implementing the requirements of the Clean Air Act and related EPA regulations
governing the attainment and maintenance of the NAAQSs. The air management program
provides policy guidance and technical consultation to States, helping them to
prepare the strategies and regulatory programs. The program- also conducts the
necessary regulatory review and coordination for approval within the Federal
Register of individual strategies and regulations in State Implementation plans
(SIPs) submitted to EPA. The program also plays the principal role in negotiating
air quality program grants to State and local control agencies and auditing the
progress and effectiveness of these agencies in developing, implementing, and
enforcing regulatory programs. The program has major responsibilities for helping
States develop and implement programs to assess and mitigate air toxics exposures,
as required by the Agency's National Air Toxics Strategy.
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,870,000 supported by 288.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,575,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $294,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $98,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of 1.7 total workyears. The increase reflects support
to States implementing the post-1987 attainment policy for ozone and carbon monoxide.
In 1989 the major focus of the program will be to assist States in
the implementation of the post-1987 strategy for correcting ozone and carbon
monoxide nonattainment problems, the NAAQSs for size-specific particulate matter
(PMio) and the national strategy for air toxics. For ozone and carbon monoxide,
efforts initiated in 1988 to assess, correct, and improve existing regulations and
programs will be continued. Regions will provide detailed guidance and support to
A-48
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the more serious nonattainment areas to help them develop necessary baseline
inventories and prepare required revisions to the SIPs on schedule. In addition,
efforts to apply the regional oxidant model in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic
States will continue in 1989. Regions will continue to review and prepare rulemaking
actions on State submissions from the Group I and Group II PMjg areas.
States will proceed to implement the various elements of their multi-year plans
for improving and conducting air toxics programs. Regions will assist and periodi-
cally review and document State progress in meeting plan commitments. Efforts
within urban areas will move more toward the identification of specific measures to
mitigate urban exposures and expand the number of areas initiating actions. The
Regions will work with State and local agencies to identify and integrate toxics
considerations into current programs for the review and permitting of new sources
and regulatory programs for ozone and PMjQ to maximize potential mitigation of air
toxics exposures.
The National Air Audit system will be implemented. Programs to oversee State
implementation of delegated programs for the regulation of new sources will be
improved. Performance-based grants will be negotiated and oversight maintained.
Major SIPs will be reviewed and processed as expeditiously as possible. Efforts to
improve the processing of SIPs consistent with the Agency's newly developed strategy
will be carried out. Extramural dollars will continue to support interagency
agreements with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for detail to
three Regional Offices of meteorologists who provide modeling expertise to the
Region and States.
1988 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $12,771,300 supported by 286.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $12,476,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $294,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 the major priorities are assisting and overseeing State programs for:
(1) correction of existing SIPs and control measures in areas not meeting the 1987
attainment deadline for the ozone and carbon monoxide NAAQSs; (2) implementation of
the NAAQSs for PM^o; and (3) implementation of the June 1985 National Air Toxics
Strategy.
Consistent with the post-1987 strategy for ozone and carbon monoxide, Regions
are notifying States of needed revisions to current State Implementation Plans
(SIPs). The Regions are guiding States developing SIPs required by the EPA notifi-
cations within the post-1987 nonattainment areas. Regions are working with States
to update baseline inventories and data bases and to develop appropriate corrective
SIPs and control measures. Regions are working with the States in the Northeast
corridor and Mid-Atlantic region to employ the regional oxidant model where intercity
transport will require controls over large geographic areas. Major guidance and
support is also being provided to help States complete SIPs to meet the NAAQSs for
PMjo within the 180 Group I and II areas. Regions are to commence review and
rulemaking actions on the PMjo plans submitted by the States.
Consistent with the National Air Toxics Strategy, programs are being undertaken
to significantly help States implement multi-year plans for improving and conducting
air toxics programs. Efforts in 1988 are focusing on helping States to: (1) improve
assessment capabilities and data bases to manage air toxics risks; (2) improve
efforts in the agencies having plan commitments to evaluate and mitigate exposures
A-49
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from non-NESHAPs point sources with high Individual risk; (3) complete Initial
screening programs to identify and assess complex air toxics problems within 30
large urban areas; and (4) continue pilot programs for mitigating toxics exposures
within five selected urban areas.
A new cycle for the biennial National Air Audit System is commencing 1n 1988.
Regions will work with States to identify key deficiencies in State programs in
order to improve program performance. Regions are also negotiating grant agreements
with States, implementing Agency policy on performance-based grants and overseeing
grantee performance in meeting commitments and schedules.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $12,593,000 supported by 289.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $12,043,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $549,200 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1987 the Regional air management program continued to focus on the
implementation of the Agency's post-1982 attainment policy for remedying deficient
SIPs in areas violating the NAAOSs. Assistance was provided to States developing
various SIPs and regulatory measures. States SIPs were reviewed for consistency
and appropriate Federal Register actions were completed. Also, guidance and tech-
nical expertise were provided to help States define requirements, assess possible
problems, and prepare to respond to the NAAQSs for PMjt) promulgated in July
1987. Consistent with the National Air Toxics Strategy, initiatives were undertaken
to help States prepare, revise, and implement multi-year plans to build and enhance
air toxics programs and to gather data needed to assess specific high risk pollutant
or source situations.
Other significant actions included working with the States to correct key
deficiencies identified in the 1986 National Air Audits. Steps were taken to
negotiate effective grant agreements with State and local agencies implementing
Agency policy~on performance-based grants.
A-50
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AIR
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,553.7 $3,922.5 $3,702.6 $3.702.6 $3,502.6 -$200.0
$224.8 $114.2 $114.2 $114.2 $114.2
TOTAL $3,778.5 $4,036.7 .$3,816.8 $3,816.8 $3,616.8 -$200.0
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Management &
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,454.6 $3,455.1 $3,534.6 $3,534.6 $3,750.4 $215.8
$3,184.5 $1,161.2 $1,161.2 $1,564.4 $3,599.4 $2,035.0
TOTAL $6,639.1 $4,616.3 $4,695.8 $5,099.0 $7,349.8 $2,250.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatenent Control and
Compliance
Trends Monitoring &
Progress Assessment
$7,008.3 $7,377.6 $7,237.2 $7,237.2 $7,253.0 $15.8
$3,409.3 $1,275.4 $1,275.4 $1,678.6 $3,713.6 $2,035.0
TOTAL $10,417.6 $8,653.0 $8,512.6 $8,915.8 $10,966.6 $2,050.8
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
81.0
92.5
92.5
85.3
87.5
2.2
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AIR
Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 YS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Air Quality & Emissions 63.5 65.6 65.6 67.1 70.6 3.5
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 144.5 158.1 158.1 152.4 158.1 5.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ambient A1r Quality 87.7 92.5 92.5 92.5 87.5 -5.0
^ Monitoring
i
$ Air Quality & Emissions 65.6 65.6 65.6 67.1 70.6 3.5
Data Management &
Analysis
TOTAL WORKYEARS 153.3 158.1 158.1 159.6 158.1 -1.5
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AIR
Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,966,600 supported by 158.1 total workyears
for 1989, reflecting an increase of $2,050,800 and a decrease of 1.5 total workyears
from 1988. Of the request $7,253,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,713,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation, an increase of $15,800 for Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an
increase of $2,035,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
This subactivity includes the following programs:
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Activities in this program include:
(1) EPA's management overview of State ambient air quality monitoring networks,
associated laboratory and field quality assurance activities, and implementation
of air monitoring strategies described in EPA air monitoring regulations; (2) the
coordination of Regional and State field investigation activities for collecting
ambient air quality samples for subsequent sample analysis and related quality
control; (3) the review of source emissions data; and (4) the necessary management
and coordination to ensure timely storage and validation of the data collected.
Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and Analysis Major activities
include: (1) national coordination of Regional Office, State, and local ambient
monitoring, air quality modeling, and emission inventory programs; (2) issuance of
new and revised regulatory requirements and related technical guidance; (3) develop-
ment and operation of information management systems for storing, retrieving, and
analyzing ambient air quality and emission data at the State and national level;
and (4) preparation of trends analyses and related air quality and emission progress
assessments for program evaluation and development and for public information
needs.
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,616,800 supported by 87.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,502,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $114,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $200,000 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and
a decrease of 5.0 total workyears. The decrease reflects the reduced frequency of
audits of State and local air quality monitoring programs and the transition from
total suspended particulate (TSP) monitoring to PMjo monitoring only.
In 1989 the ten EPA Regional Offices will continue overview and management of
State air monitoring programs. Part of the overview and management will include
section 105 grants review. They will also continue the coordination of air data
bases involving emission data, criteria pollutant air quality data and related
precision and accuracy information necessary for quantifying data quality.
A-53
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The data bases from the National Air Monitoring System (NAMS) and the State
and Local Air Monitoring System (SLAMS) networks will be validated for completeness
and accuracy. Any new or revised NAMS sites will be visited, evaluated, and ap-
proved. Data analyses, including air quality trend information, will be deve-
loped as Input to the Regional Trends Reports. In the area of quality assurance,
significant resources will be used for on-site systems audits of State networks
and monitors. Regional laboratories will continue to participate in the national
air audit program. The start-up of State size-specific particulate matter (PMig)
networks will continue with review of the NAMS/SLAMS network and site visits to
verify compliance with 40 CFR 58 monitoring regulations. The reviews of PMjg
network descriptions begun in 1988 should be largely completed by the end of 1989,
but reviews of ambient data and sampling frequency will continue at a high level
to support attainment detenninations and on possible control strategies in
additional areas.
Regions will be involved in the implementation of the Toxics Air Monitoring
System (TAMS) in cooperation with the Office of Research and Development and State/
local agencies.
Resources will also be used to provide monitoring/quality assurance support
and technical assistance to States in evaluating the impact of sources of specific
toxic air pollutants. The sources would be ones considered for regulation under
State control programs. A high level of support will be continued to programs to
upgrade and update data bases for carbon monoxide and ozone nonattainment areas.
In the area of air toxics, resources will be used for management, coordination, and
technical assistance necessary to develop a toxics emission data base in about 30
geographic areas. Technical assistance and support will be provided to improve the
capabilities of State/local monitoring operations.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,816,800 supported by 92.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,702,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $114,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 the Regions are continuing the baseline program of overview and
management of State emissions and air quality monitoring programs. The Regions
are also continuing their program of on-site visits to review/audit NAMS networks
and a small percentage of SLAMS networks. The validation, management, and coordi-
nation of State and local air. quality and emission data bases before they are
submitted to EPA central data banks also continues. In 1988 special emphasis is
being placed on refining network descriptions for both NAMS and SLAMS to ensure
that they meet all monitoring objectives and the criteria contained in 40 CFR 58.
The Regions and States are expected to complete their analysis of the total SLAMS
monitoring network needed to support PMjo State Implementation Plan development
and subsequent tracking of progress and trends and to continue network implementation
efforts.
To support the development of post-1987 ozone/carbon monoxide State
Implementation Plans (SIPs), Regional Office efforts to improve the quality and
timeliness of ambient and emission data bases are being increased over 1987 levels.
Quality assurance activities and State audits are continuing with additional
emphasis placed on the National Air Audit System (NAAS).
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated $3,778,500 supported by 87.7 total workyears,
of which $3,553,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $224,800
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Contract funds from
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation were used for Regional
data analysis.
The SLAMS networks were reviewed and an assessment of equipment needs was made
for carbon monoxide and ozone monitoring. The Regional Offices continued to work
with States, through the annual review process, in identifying and eliminating air
monitoring sites that have only marginal utility or are the least useful in support-
ing program decisions. The Regions continued their programs of site visits to
evaluate and document NAMS stations, as well as a small percentage of SLAMS stations.
Laboratories were evaluated for proper operating and quality assurance procedures.
The management, coordination, and validation of State and local air quality and
emission data before submission to EPA's central data banks also continued. In
1987, special emphasis was placed on reviewing the data bases upon which attainment
status determinations will be made for the revised National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQSs) for PMjo« The TAMS network continued to be operated in three
cities, with a fourth city selected and scheduled for start-up in 1988.
AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,349,800 supported by 70.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,750,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,599,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents increases of $215,800 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, $2,035,00 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and
an increase of 3.5 total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses is
associated with increased personnel and support costs as well as for reprogramming
for regional ozone modeling, while the increase for Abatement, Control and Compliance
will allow the development of expanded retrieval and analysis capabilities for the
Aerometric and Information and Retrieval (AIRS) Air Quality Subsystem, the com-
pletion of basic software for the AIRS Facility Subsystem, and training and
operational support to Regional Office, State and local users of these systems.
Additional resources will also allow for the development of emission factors and
guidance to prepare emission inventories needed for the post-1987 ozone/carbon
monoxide SIPs and for development of data bases and testing of control strategies
to apply the regional oxidant model to the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States.
The existing air data systems will be maintained and guidance provided to
users. Monitoring regulations, modeling guidance, emission factors, and computer
software will be modified to accommodate changes to the NAAQSs. The program will
provide specialized scientific data and guidance to States developing SIPS for the
revised NAAQSs for PMig. The program will also develop data and technical guidance
to support new and revised NAAQSs, with emphasis on rural ozone and fine particu-
lates. Specialized analyses will also be conducted to assist in resolving remaining
post-1987 nonattainment problems including efforts to develop and test strategies
for controlling ozone precursors in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States through
application of regional transport analyses, development of emission factors and
inventory guidance, and provision of modeling support to States developing ozone
SIPs. The modeling program will continue with active implementation of the modeling
guideline; guidance and oversight of modeling applications; impact analyses to
A-55
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support New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs), National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs), and NAAQSs development; and operation of the
modeling clearinghouse. The program will also produce ambient and emission trends
analyses and progress assessments, provide national oversight of Regional Office
and State and local monitoring programs, and manage the NAMS network. Development
of a fine particulate monitoring strategy will be continued. The program will also
continue development of the facility subsystem of the AIRS and provide initial
access provided to Regional Office and other EPA users. Support of the AIRS air
quality subsystem will be provided to the initial twenty users, and arrangements
for adding eight to twelve additional agencies will be Initiated. A comprehensive
user support program with extensive documentation and on-site training will be
implemented.
In the area of air toxics, implementation of the Agency's National Air Toxics
Strategy will continue with the development of guidelines on ambient monitoring and
on estimating emissions and developing emissions inventories for several pollutants
and/or source categories of concern to State or local agencies. The program will
continue to implement the national toxic monitoring strategy. During 1989 the
program will continue to provide guidance and management of State/local efforts to
identify and quantify ambient air and emissions levels of toxic pollutants in 30
urban areas, manage prototype analyses in selected cities, conduct workshops on
planning programs to characterize and quantify the toxics problems within a city,
and develop guidance to relate volatile organic compound (VOC) species to selected
toxic air pollutants. Efforts to provide guidance oh the application of air quality
screening models for selected toxic pollutants will be expanded.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,099,000 supported by 67.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,534,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,564,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1988 the program is focusing on five priority areas: (1) providing
support to the' Regional .Offices and initial State ..users of the air quality
subsystem of AIRS and continuing system design and software development for the
facility subsystem of AIRS; (2) providing guidance consultation on techniques
required to assess attainment of the NAAQSs for PMjri and on the technical procedures
for design and documentation of PM^Q networks and use of PM^o emission factors;
(3) providing support to the post-1987 ozone/carbon monoxide program through
consultation/review of model applications and inventories under development;
(4) initiating a project to assess and evaluate ozone and precursor transport
problems in the Northeast and Middle Atlantic States; and (5) continued national
management of State/local efforts to assess and control the air toxics problem in
selected urban areas.
Implementation of the toxic ambient monitoring strategy is continuing with the
expansion of the TAMS network from three to four cities and with evaluation of the
"urban mixtures" problem. Emission factors for toxic compounds and guidance on
toxic inventories are being issued. The modeling program is being maintained.
Operation of the model clearinghouse and photochemical and dispersion modeling
guidance activities are continuing. Diffusion modeling is also continuing for all
pollutants regulated by NAAQSs. For ozone, the models used to determine the degree
of control required in nonattainment areas are being refined and procedures
implemented to minimize their misapplication. The program is also continuing to
provide national oversight and management of the SLAMS/NAMS networks.
A-56
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated $6,639,100 supported by 65.6 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,454,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,184,500 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1987 emphasis continued on operating the existing air data systems and on
providing support to 35 State and local agencies using EPA developed data systems.
Other major activities included: national oversight of State and local monitoring
programs including on-site audits of 22 NAMS monitors and 10 potential PMjo sites,
and modeling guidance and support including operation of the control strategies
clearinghouse. The emissions program concentrated on issuing PMjo emission factors
and managing Regional Office and State efforts to develop an emissions data base
for acid precipitation assessments. Diffusion modeling support continued for
estimating the effect of toxic emissions on the environment as the Agency's Air
Toxics Strategy was implemented. Development of the AIRS air quality subsystem
continued with six States trained and brought on-line, and development of the
facility subsystem continued.
A-57
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
AIR
ENFORCEMENT
Stationary Source Enforcement A-59
Mobile Source Enforcement A-64
A-58
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 YS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Stationary Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses $11,528.9 $13,158.4 $12,595.8 $12,595.8 $12,718.0 $122.2
Abatenent Control and $3,001.0 $2,830:1 $2,830.1 $2,830.1 $3,180.1 $350.0
Compliance
TOTAL $14.529.9 $15,988.5 $15,425.9 $15.425.9 $15,898.1 $472.2
> TOTAL:
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>
o
AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
TOTAL HORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Stationary Source
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
293.4
293.4
316.4
316.4
316.4
316.4
311.1
311.1
314.4
314.4
3.3
3.3
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AIR
Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,898,100 supported by 314.4 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $472,200 and 3.3-total workyears from 1988. Of the
request, $12,718,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,180,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
representing increases of $122,200 and $350,000, respectively.
Program Description
The stationary source enforcement program provides direct Federal enforcement,
together with support to and coordination with State and local air pollution
agencies, as required to ensure that stationary sources achieve and maintain
compliance with the requirements of the Clean Air Act. The EPA Headquarters
component provides national policy and guidance, while the Regional Office program
implements the enforcement effort and bolsters State activity.
Stationary Source Enforcement This program focuses primarily on enforcement
of the requirements established in State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for meeting
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). The enforcement program also
focuses on new source programs such as New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs) and
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
As a result of industry efforts in controlling emissions and the effectiveness
of State, local, and Federal control programs, approximately 90 percent of the more
than 26,000 largest stationary sources have achieved compliance with all applicable
emission limitations. Although the current rate of compliance represents a signi-
ficant achievement, efforts must continue to ensure that remaining sources come
into compliance with present standards, that compliance is obtained with any new or
revised standards, and that compliance is maintained. EPA will continue to provide
State and local agencies with technical support in their efforts to realize these
goals and, where appropriate, initiate its own enforcement actions.
STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,898,100 supported by 314.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,718,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,180,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $122,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $350,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and an increase of 3;3 total workyears. The increases reflect
initiatives to evaluate volatile organic compound (VOC) rule effectiveness in
ozone nonattainment areas.
In 1989 the stationary source compliance program will continue its compliance
monitoring and enforcement efforts to ensure (in concert with the States) the
compliance of SIP, NSPS, and NESHAPs sources. The focus of the program will be
on addressing sources in nonattainment areas, with particular emphasis on VOC
sources in ozone, nonattainment areas. Implementation of the strategies for the
NESHAPs for asbestos demolition and renovation program and for vinyl chloride will
continue, as will initiatives to enforce the other NESHAPs. An implementation
strategy for the hazardous organic compound NESHAPs program will also be developed.
There are plans to conduct 60 NESHAPs inspections.
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In 1989 this program will continue a comprehensive program to determine the
effectiveness of VOC rules. This program will initiate a new compliance monitoring
and inspection targeting program that will ensure better utilization of inspection
resources. Data from VOC sources will be collected by inspections and other means
and evaluated to determine efficiency of control methods, actual compliance rates,
and actual size of inventory. This effort will complement the rule effectiveness
evaluation initiative in the air quality management implementation program and is
an integral component of the Agency's post-1987 ozone strategy. This effort will
provide resources for 12 ozone nonattainment area assessments. Workshop and techni-
cal support activities will be directed at improving efforts in ozone nonattainment
areas. The initiative to enhance VOC compliance in ozone nonattainment areas,
including addressing small VOC sources, will continue in 1989. In the VOC program,
there are plans to conduct 951 inspections, to issue 70 administrative orders, and
to initiate 38 litigation referrals.
In 1989 this program will continue to review proposed PMjo SIPs for
enforceability and ensure compliance by sources subject to newly promulgated PM^o
SIPs. In the particulate program, there are plans to conduct 521 inspections,
issue 33 administrative orders, and make 19 litigation referrals. Also in 1989,
enforcement of continuous emission monitoring (CEM) requirements for sulfur dioxide
(SO;?) and other sources will continue. In the (S02) program, there are plans to
conduct 328 inspections, issue 19 administrative orders, and make 16 litigation
referrals.
In 1989 EPA Headquarters will develop policy guidance and planning and budgeting
materials; review selected Regional activities and Regional program performance;
assure the enforceability of proposed Agency regulations under NSPSs, NESHAPs, and
New Source/prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) programs; respond to
formal inquiries; manage the Compliance Data System (CDS); develop workshops,
manuals, and pilot studies; and manage a program to provide technical analysis and
case support for Regional compliance activities. In addition, Headquarters will
be involved in the implementation of the woodstove NSPS program. This will involve
implementing a laboratory audit program, accrediting laboratories, and overviewing
woodstove certification. Approximately 250 woodstove production lines will require
certification in 1989. Implementation efforts will also include conducting
parameter inspections at retail outlets.
During 1989 the Federal compliance program will continue to provide assistance
in selected Federal judicial referrals, consent decrees, and section 120 actions.
The Regional Offices will also provide training and workshops for State inspectors
and support development of local compliance strategies.
1988 Program
The Agency 1s allocating a total of $15,425,900 supported by 311.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $12,595,800 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,830,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The major focus of the stationary source program in 1988 is to ensure that
noncomplying significant violators are brought into compliance. This program is
continuing oversight of the Regional programs to ensure national consistency and
effectiveness through a combination of a comprehensive programmatic review and a
review of certain classes of enforcement actions. This program is continuing to
assure the enforceability of proposed EPA regulations; manage the CDS, including
CDS activities related to the development of the new Aerometric Information Retrieval
System (AIRS); manage the contract support program; develop technical and program
guidance; and conduct planning and budgeting activities. A major activity in 1988
is working jointly with State and local pollution control agencies to develop a
compliance monitoring and inspection targeting program that allows Regional
Offices and State and local agencies to better utilize their inspection resources.
A-62
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In 1988 the Regional air compliance program will continue to monitor and
ensure the compliance of the 26,000 largest stationary sources, the 2,500 NSPS
sources, and the 1,500 nontransitory NESHAPs sources. Implementation of the NESHAPs
program for asbestos demolition and renovation, addressing approximately 40,000
notifications, will continue. Efforts to improve working relationships with State
and local air pollution agencies and to improve their technical capabilities are
continuing. Federal enforcement actions, where required, are focusing heavily on
violating sources in nonattainment areas, with particular emphasis on VOC sources.
The program is developing guidance for implementing a comprehensive program to
determine whether adopted VOC measures are being effectively implemented. This
program will review proposed PMjo SIPs for enforceability and ensuring no back-
sliding from existing total suspended particulate requirements and ensuring SO-
sources meet CEM requirements.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $14,529,900 supported by 293.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $11,528,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,001,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. Extramural resources were used for enforcement case development activi-
ties, compliance monitoring, Regional data management, development of technical
workshops, and manuals to enhance State and local program capabilities, and limited
direct case assistance to States.
Major Headquarters accomplishments included: development of the NSPS woodstove
implementation program; completion of the VOC calculation and recordkeeping guide;
initiation of a comprehensive VOC training program; and completion of the small VOC
source compliance strategy.
Other major Headquarters program accomplishments in 1987 included: review of
proposed Agency regulations under NSPSs, NESHAPs, and new source/PSD programs;
management of the CDS; support of State compliance data program development;
provision of technical analysi-s and case support for Regional Office compliance
activities, and development of technical workshops to enhance the capabilities of
State and local programs. Also during 1987, EPA issued 112 administrative orders
and conducted 1,680 inspections.
A-63
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AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
PROGRAM
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
ACTUAL
1987
$5,334.5
$1,928.1
$7,262.6
$5,334.5
$1,928.1
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988-
(DOLLARS IN
-
$5,491.0
$1,909.6
$7,400.6
$5,491.0
$1.909.6
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
$5,410.8
$1,909.6
$7,320.4
$5,410.8
$1,909.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
$5,410.8
$1,909.6
$7,320.4
$5,410.8
$1,909.6
REQUEST
1989
$5,464.9
$2,309.6
$7,774.5
$5,464.9
$2,309.6
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198
$54.1
$400.0
$454.1
$54.1
$400.0
Compliance
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL $7,262.6 $7,400.6 $7,320.4 $7,320.4 $7,774.5 $454.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
97.0
106.6
106.6
105.8
105.8
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
97.0
106.6
106.6
105.8
105.8
-------
3>
CM
in
.AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
102.0
102.0
106.6
106.6
106.6
106.6
105.8
105.8
105.8
105.8
-------
AIR
Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,774,500 supported by 105.8 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $454,100 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $5,464,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,309,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
increases of $54,100 and $400,000, respectively.
Program Description
The mobile source enforcement program is directed primarily at ensuring
compliance with the motor vehicle emission standards and fuel regulations required
by the Clean Air Act. The activities carried out as part of this program are
designed to ensure that new and in-use vehicles are capable of meeting emission
standards throughout their useful life, that vehicle emission control systems are
not removed or rendered inoperative, that vehicles incapable of meeting emissions
standards are not imported into the country, and that harmful additives are
absent in gasoline. The program also includes the issuance of California and
statutory emissions waivers.
MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,774,500 supported by 105.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,464,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,309,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents'an increase of $54,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $400,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The increases reflect implementa-
tion of the Agency's ozone control strategy through enforcement of the vehicle
fuel volatility rules.
In support of the ozone control policy, the recall program will investigate
15 suspect light-duty vehicle classes and seven light-duty truck classes, together
with carrying out related diagnostic evaluation and remedy development work. An
estimated seven emissions waiver requests from the State of California will be
processed. The regulatory revision of the imports program (promulgated in 1987)
will be fully implemented. Investigations into the operations of importers with
resale vehicles are being expanded in order to ensure that the certification proce-
dures are adequately implemented. The Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) program
will conduct ten audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities, six audits of heavy-
duty manufacturer facilities, and three production compliance audits in support
of the nonconformance penalties (NCR) program to ensure that new production vehicles
and engines meet emissions and NCR requirements.
The field enforcement program will consist of inspections of vehicle fueling
facilities as well as the investigation of suspected tampering and misfueling
incidents. The fuels inspection effort will continue the program, which began in
1988, of sampling fuels for alcohol and other fuel additives to ensure that legal
limits are not exceeded. Lead phasedown enforcement (to ensure that refineries,
importers and distributors are complying with the lead phasedown rules) will involve
20 audits and the active caseload will increase to approximately 46 major violations.
A total of 525 tampering investigations will result in approximately 52 notices of
A-66
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violation. Audits of the incidence of tampering and fuel switching will be carried
out at 15 sites primarily to gauge the effectiveness of the anti-tampering programs
being implemented by the State and local jurisdictions. EPA will continue to
assist with the development of State and local programs aimed at preventing tam-
pering and fuel switching. It is anticipated that nine new programs will be
implemented, thus bringing the total to 54. The fuel volatility program will
provide for 5,000 inspections of retail fuel outlets, refiners, and distributors
to ensure that fuels meet volatility standards. These inspections are expected to
identify approximately 250 violations of the volatility limits.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $7,320,400 supported by 105.8
total workyears for this program, of which $5,410,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,909,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The recall program is continuing with the investigation of 15 suspect light-duty
vehicle classes and seven light-duty truck classes, together with related diagnostic
evaluation and remedy development work. An estimated seven emissions waiver re-
quests from the State of California are being processed. The regulatory revision
for the imports program is being implemented. The program is processing an esti-
mated 25,000 applications for importation of nonconforming vehicles. The SEA
program is shifting focus by conducting 12 audits of light-duty manufacturer
facilities and six audits of heavy-duty manufacturer facilities to ensure that new
production vehicles and engines meet emission requirements. Approximately 1,200
consumer inquiries on emission warranty issues will be answered. The ant1-tampering
and anti-fuel switching enforcement programs are expected to result in 400 notices
of violations of which approximately -34 cases will be referred to the Department
of Justice for prosecution. Audits of tampering and fuel switching are being
carried out at 15 sites. EPA is continuing to assist with the development of
State and local programs aimed at preventing tampering and fuel switching. It is
anticipated that nine new programs will be implemented, th.us bringing the total to
45. Also, a study of the effects of using unleaded and low lead gasoline in farm
equipment is being completed.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated $7,262,600 supported by 102.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,334,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,928,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Under the recall program, 32 light-duty vehicle investigations were conducted
resulting in one recall affecting nearly 1.3 million vehicles. An additional 16
voluntary recalls, completed as a result of EPA investigations, affected over
900,000 vehicles. One California waiver was issued. The SEA program conducted 18
audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities and-two audits of heavy-duty manufac-
turer facilities to ensure that new production vehicles and engines meet emissions
requirements. Inquiries and applications for the importation of nonconforming
vehicles continued with the processing of 26,000 applications.
The anti-tampering and anti-fuel switching enforcement program continued.
Accomplishments included the establishment of four new programs by States and
localities; 9,000 fuel inspections for compliance with lead, nozzle, and label
regulations; issuance of 417 notices of violation in the tampering and fuel switching
programs; and evaluation of three fuel and fuel additive waiver requests. A study
of the effects of the lead phasedown regulations on farm equipment was started.
A-67
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WATER QUALITY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY WO-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WQ-10
Scientific Assessment WQ-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance WQ-16
Health Effects WQ-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology." WQ-18
Environmental Processes and Effects WQ-19
Great Lakes WQ-20
ABATEMENT ft CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management WQ-22
Water Quality Management WO-25
Great Lakes Program WO-26
Chesapeake Bay Program; WO-28
Effluent Standards * Guidelines WO-31
Grants Assistance Programs WQ-34
Clean Lakes Program WO-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) WO-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WO-38
Dredge & Fill WQ-42
Ocean Disposal Permits WO-44
Environmental Emergency Response 8 Prevention WO-46
Standards X Regulations WO-47
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WO-49
Coastal Environment Management.... WO-51
Water Quality Monitoring ft Analysis WQ-54
Municipal Source Control t WQ-57
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction WO-59
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance WO-fil
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement WO-64
Water Quality Permit Issuance WQ-69
WQ-1-
-------
APPROPRIATION
WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
JO
ro
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Scientific Activities
Overseas
TOTAL, Water Quality
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$96,737.2 $104,899.7 $103,043.3 $103,043.3 $108,429.3 $5,386.0
$165,638.3 $123,436.4 $147,983.3 $149,043.3 $148,436.4 -$606.9
$8,578.3 $8,442.2 $7,848.2 $8,918.9 $8,918.9
$1.9
$270,955.7 $236,778.3 $258,874.8 $261,005.5 $265,784.6 $4,779.1
1,987.4 1,965.8 2,121.0 2,098.5 2,101.7 3.2
2,112.4 2,124.6 2,245.3 2,245.3 2,235.3 -10.0
$239,387.9 $254,739.1 $264,975.2 $267,156.2 $272,328.3 $5,172.1
The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program at a level
of $285,270,000 for 1988 and $410,270,000 for 1989.
-------
WATER QUALITY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Clean Water Act, as amended; Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries
Act; and the Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 provide the leg-
islative basis for EPA's water quality programs. These laws direct EPA to take
measures to protect the nation's waters in order to safeguard public health, rec-
reational uses, and aquatic life.
The Water Quality Act of 1987 (WQA), which amended the Clean Water Act (CWA),
expanded and strengthened the CWA through a number of changes designed to enhance
water quality and improve the well-defined partnership between EPA and the States.
The amended Act ratifies existing programs (e.g., technology-based and water
quality-based effluent limits for point source dischargers). It also provides new
tools to strengthen existing programs (e.g., administrative penalties to streamline
enforcement actions); establishes new approaches to address existing water pollution
problems (e.g., a new program for control of nonpoint source pollution) and funds to
capitalize State revolving loan funds; and mandates requirements to address existing
and emerging problems (e.g., surface water toxic control programs).
The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act is designed to protect
the ocean from unregulated dumping of material that would endanger human health,
public welfare, the marine environment, or economic potential. The Act authorizes
the Agency to develop criteria for ocean disposal of industrial waste, municipal
sludges and other dredged materials. EPA is authorized to designate disposal sites
and issue permits for all non-dredged materials. Although the Corps of Engineers
is responsible for issuing permits for dredged materials, EPA must review these
applications for consistency with EPA criteria.
The Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 implements Annex V of
the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973; and
establishes programs to identify and reduce the effects of plastic pollution on the
marine environment. Under this law, EPA is required to submit a report to Congress
on methods to reduce plastic pollution; assist the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration in conducting a public education program; prepare a New York Bight
Restoration Plan; and submit a report to Congress on the problems associated with
plastic debris in the New York Bight.
In 1989 and beyond, the most important goals for water quality programs will
be to protect the nation's surface waters from toxic and hazardous point source
dischargers; address the most serious water quality problems and the most valuable/
threatened resources in programs such as nonpoint source management (NPS), wetlands,
ground water, and estuaries/near coastal waters; and maintain the progress made to
date in cleaning up and developing the infrastructure to protect our surface waters.
These priorities reflect an increasing concern with risk reduction, potential envi-
ronmental benefits and feasibility, and parallel activities legislated by the WQA.
EPA will actively encourage States to meet the goals and requirements of the
amended CWA to the fullest extent possible, and to do so by developing State Clean
Water Strategies, an open and consultative framework using the latest techniques of
problem assessment and management. These Strategies are to be State plans developed
through an open an'd integrated three-step process of waterbody/quality resource
assessment, water resource targeting, and strategic planning and management that
addresses surface water activities that have been traditionally managed under
separate Federal direction (such as point source discharges, nonpoint sources of
pollution, estuaries, and lakes).
WQ-3
-------
The 1989 water quality request focuses on three major objectives: (1) protect/
restore vulnerable and valuable ecosystems, (2) control discharges of toxic and
hazardous pollutants, and (3) continue environmental gains that we have achieved
especially 1n municipal treatment 1n order to meet the Agency's statutory re-
quirements.
A. Protect Vulnerable and Valuable Ecosystems
State Clean Water Strategies (SOWS)
EPA expects that about half of the States will elect to develop Strategies by
the Fall of 1988. In 1989, EPA will continue to encourage and assist States with
Strategy Implementation through coordination of EPA program requirements, use of
grant funds, technical assistance, guidance and Information transfer on Implementing
Strategy components; and by making available expanded geographic-oriented data
bases. In addition, some new States may choose to develop SCWS through a targeting
and ranking exercise and some States may complete the work commenced 1n 1988.
Advanced Identification of Sensitive Wetlands
Working with other Federal agencies, State and local governments, the public,
and Interest groups, EPA will study geographic areas where wetland (and other
water) resources are most valuable and vulnerable to development pressures and
Identify, 1n advance of formal permit decisions, areas that may be suitable or
unsuitable for various categories of regulated discharges. Advanced Identification
1s a scientifically sound and environmentally effective approach to pro-
tecting our water resources, through assessing activities 1n areas considered most
at risk and presenting the regulated public with a clearer understanding of the
regulatory process relating to proposals for discharge in a particular area. Through
early Involvement of Federal, State, and local governments, advanced identification
will reduce interagency disagreements during permit reviews and accelerate permit
decision making.
Additional effort in the wetlands research program will be directed toward
determining attainable standards and critical pollutant load limits for priority
wetland types. Research will establish wetland-specific water quality criteria
designed to prevent wetland degradation and preserve wetland water quality func-
tions. Manipulative experiments will be conducted to identify the key ecological
factors controlling the level of wetlands function. Research will result in im-
proved design of projects to create or restore wetlands.
Near Coastal Waters and Oceans
EPA's near coastal waters program will continue baseline surveys begun in
1988 to define overall environmental problems, fund additional pilot projects to
identify innovative management techniques for addressing the various coastal water
problems, and expand the Gulf of Mexico initiative.
In 1989, twelve estuary projects will be continuing in various phases in the
National Estuary Program. The Chesapeake Bay Program will continue to work with
States to monitor and analyze water quality and biological content, implement
targeted activities to control nonpoint sources of pollution, and develop and
implement a Baywide toxic pollutants strategy. The focus of the Great Lakes
program will continue to shift from nutrient to toxic pollutant control in meeting
legislative requirements and commitments under the Agreement with Canada.
The Agency expects applications for ocean dumping to increase with future
land-ban regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
revised ocean dumping regulations to comply with court decisions, and the Navy
Homeporting policy. Counting the 12 sites with final designations expected in
1989, a total of 76 sites will be designated. EPA will continue to review and
issue permits for disposal at approved sites. As required by 1988 regulations, EPA
WQ-4
-------
will review complex cross-media analyses of land-based vs. ocean disposal impacts
and collect, beginning in 1989, application processing fees. EPA will expand its
site management and monitoring activities to ensure permit compliance and to monitor
environmental impacts.
The research program will develop and validate assessment methodologies to
support comprehensive protection and management planning for estuaries and near
coastal waters. Assessment methods are required to characterize point and nonpoint
sources of pollution, determine the exposure of living resources to pollutants,
determine the exposure of related effects and provide quantitative risk assessment
for managing estuarine and near coastal waters. This assessment concept will
provide the framework for developing and validating needed methodologies, including
wasteload allocations.
Using information derived from experience in the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay,
other estuary projects, and near coastal pilot projects, EPA will initiate a national
network for information exchange about near coastal water problems, management
tools, and innovative and successful management techniques. This network will help
officials, especially local coastal zone managers, to make sound environmental
decisions and use resources most effectively.
Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
Recognizing that NPS pollution is a major contributor to both toxic and non-
toxic water quality problems, EPA will guide and assist States as they implement
integrated NPS management programs in accordance with the requirements of Section
319 of the CWA. The statutory deadline for State submission of these management
programs and assessments is August 1988. In 1989, EPA will continue to review and
assist States to improve their plans,.encourage and help them to target activities
to geographic areas selected by comparative risk assessments, and integrate NPS
objectives with those of other water programs, such as estuaries/near coastal
waters, wetlands and ground-water protection. EPA will also provide guidance and
technical assistance to States to support their use of Section 205(j)(5) grants to
develop and implement State NPS management programs.
B. Control Discharges of Toxic and Hazardous Pollutants
By February 4, 1989, States will develop and submit to EPA individual control
strategies (ICS) for reducing the discharge of toxic pollutants and hazardous sub-
stances into impaired waters (i.e., National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPOES) permits based on total maximum daily loadings and wasteload allocations, as
needed, and accompanying fact sheets). EPA must then review and approve or dis-
approve the States' ICS within 120 days after the February 1989 deadline. These
ICS will (1) address known/suspected point source discharges of toxic, and hazardous
substances (i.e., those listed in connection with Section 307(a) of the CWA and
other point source discharges causing localized toxic and toxicity impacts including
chlorine, ammonia and whole effluent toxicity); (2) be based on readily available
data (i.e., listings of impaired waters are to be developed on available informa-
tion indicating waters not meeting water quality standards); and (3) be developed
where data are readily available to establish water quality-based limits (e.g., data
from Discharge Monitoring Reports, permit applications, Fish and Wildlife Service,
etc.). Where States need to expand their data bases to refine their lists, they
will develop water quality assessment plans.
In 1989, to implement the WQA provisions, EPA and States will issue or modify
major permits where assessments are completed and toxic/toxicity controls deter-
mined, issue major permits with toxic/toxicity limits or biomonitoring requirements
where assessments have not been completed but toxics problems have been identified,
and issue Best Available Technology (BAT) permits to organic chemical facilities.
As toxic and hazardous pollutants and control needs are identified, pretreatment
programs will become increasingly important, and municipalities will need to
WQ-5
-------
Incorporate appropriate limits Into their program requirements. EPA will continue
to audit municipal pretreatment programs to assess the need for new or revised
local limits and to determine 1f publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) are properly
applying categorical standards. To accompany the Increasing emphasis on toxic
controls In permits, EPA will Implement a Toxics Control Strategy for NPDES enforce-
ment that addresses compliance monitoring for toxics and toxidty, Identifies how
to track the results of permittee toxiclty reduction evaluations, and recommends
appropriate enforcement responses. This Strategy will significantly change the
NPDES inspection program and require Inspections to Include assessing permittee
bionionitoring and toxics sampling capabilities and performance.
The amended CWA requires States to adopt water quality standards for all
Section 307(a) toxic pollutants for which EPA has published criteria and where
waters are Impaired by such pollutants. States should Incorporate appropriate
revisions 1n conjunction with the triennial review of their standards. In 1989,
EPA will work with States (Including those Indian tribes treated as States) as they
develop such standards and will review and approve proposed new and/or revised
State standards to ensure adoption of numeric criteria for toxic pollutants, and/or
the adequacy of procedures for adopting narrative criteria, and Integration of
needed site-specific criteria.
In support of Improved toxic assessments and controls, EPA will expand Its
surface water monitoring data base and technical procedures for.performing exposure
and risk assessments and Identifying hazards; and perform exposure and risk assess-
ments to Identify toxic pollutants that are the most likely candidates for future
307(a) listing or other regulatory requirements (e.g., developing EPA criteria).
EPA will also develop controls and/or guidance for treating industrial discharges
that are identified or suspected of being toxic; develop additional EPA criteria;
and develop and/or update guidance for Identifying Impaired waters, conducting
risk assessments/wasteload allocations, controlling additional toxic and hazardous
substances that contribute to use Impairment, and conducting monitoring programs.
The research program will continue to support EPA's practice of developing
water quality-based permit limitations and Best Conventional Technology and Best
Available Technology limitations 1n the industrial wastewater program. Information
developed on treatability of RCRA wastes will be useful in predicting effluent
concentrations, POTW pass-through, and potential water quality problems.
C. Continue Environmental Gains
Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Title VI of the amended CWA provides for a transition from the current construc-
tion grants program to a new program of State revolving funds (SRFs). EPA will
award grants to States to capitalize their SRFs. These funds may be used for loans
and other forms of n on grant assistance to communities for construction of wastewater
treatment facilities. The'SRF program ushers in expanded State responsibilities and
autonomy in an already extensively delegated program.
EPA will work closely with States to ensure an effective transition of financial
and program management responsibility to State and local governments. The Agency
will issue needed guidance and regulations and provide technical assistance and
training for management of revolving funds. At the same time, EPA will continue
essential oversight of delegated State programs and wastewater treatment facility
construction, operations and maintenance to ensure compliance with construction
grant program requirements. Additionally, EPA will continue efforts to ensure
timely completion and closeout of grant-assisted projects.
WQ-6
-------
National Municipal Policy
The National Municipal Policy deadline for municipal wastewater treatment
facilities to achieve final effluent limits occurs in July 1988 and the majority of
these facilities will achieve these limits or be on enforceable schedules. However,
EPA anticipates that additional referrals will be required in 1989 to establish
(or re-establish) compliance schedules in judicial consent decrees for approximately
225 major facilities. EPA will also continue to monitor permit compliance and take
appropriate enforcement action to help protect the $48 billion Federal investment
in our municipal infrastructure.
Monitoring
Recognizing the critical role that water quality monitoring plays throughout
Federal and State surface water pollution control activities, EPA will continue to
develop and expand the information base and data systems needed for effective
national decision-making. This effort will support the integrated and geographic
analyses required to assess waters and develop State Clean Vater Strategies, Indi-
vidual Toxic Control Strategies, and nonpoint source programs. EPA will work with
States in using new technical monitoring procedures and methods and will expand the
data base to include human health and aquatic life risks, thereby enhancing EPA and
State capability to identify problems, assess water quality trends, and determine
the most effective, targeted risk management options for addressing water quality
problems.
WQ-7
-------
MATER QUALITY
Actual
1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Ocean Dumping Permits........
Construction Grants Awards...
Active Const. Grants
Step 3 and Step 2+3 Project
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal
Major
Sludge Requirements
Minor
Non -Municipal
Minor
Adjudlcatory Hearings
Settl ed.
Enforcement Actions:
AOs with Penalties
Civil Litigation
Clean Lakes Projects
Water Quality Criteria....;..
Cumulative Outputs
Signed 205(g) agreements.....
Final Effluent Guidelines....
Propose Regulations for
Sludge Reuse/Disposal
Opti on s
NPDES State Prog. Approvals..
Local Pretreatment Program
Approvals (EPA)
National Estuary Projects....
25
514
6,087
796
158
0
446
276
1,166
5
99
2,577
1,002
20
92
14
49
5
.51
34
5
39
373
6
Budget
Estimate
1988
25
300
1,836
800 .
185
0
248
0
3
67
1,951
1,260
150
15
0
12
51
43
5
42
699
9
Current
Estimate
1988
25
626
5,563
874
136
0
0
19?
0
6
55
2,100
346
158
134
14
0
10
51
37
5
39
315
12
Increase (+)
Request Decrease (-)
1989 1989 vs. 1988
25
246
4,659
644
175
0
0
0
0
65
T.900
188
290
110
16
0
5
51
41
5
39
300
12
0
-380
-904
-230
+39
0
0
+42
0
-6
+10
-200
-158
+132
-24
+2
0
-5
0
+4
0
0
-15
0
WQ-8
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Water Quality Research WQ-10
Scient 1 f 1 c Assessment WO-15
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance WQ-16
Health Effects WQ-17
Environmental Engineering and Technology WQ-18
Environmental Processes and Effects I WQ-19
Great Lakes WQ-20
WQ-9
-------
MATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
JO
H*
o
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research A Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
/nd Effects - Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
$271.6
$392.1
$663.7
$2,436.3
$788.3
$3,224.6
$1,775.4
$383.1
$2.158.5
$2,375.8
$3,491.8
$5,867.6
$9,257.3
$2,031.8
$11,289.1
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
$318.5
$357.5
$676.0
$2,653.0
$24.5
$2,677.5
$1.612.5
$965.8
$2.578.3
$2.472.5
$3.323.2
$5,795.7
$9,782.9
$2,273.6
$12,056.5
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
$299.6
$357.5
$657.1
$2,493.3
$24.5
$2,517.8
$1,564.3
$534.8
$2,099.1
$2,219.0
$3,323.2
$5,542.2
$8,803.6
$2,110.6
$10,914.2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
$299.6
$341.7
$641.3
$2.493.3
$908.4
$3,401.7
$1,564.3
$98.0
$1,662.3
$2,219.0
$3,398.4
$5,617.4
$8,803.6
$2,674.8
$11,478.4
REQUEST
1989
$306.2
$341.7
$647.9
$2,547.9
$908.4
$3.456.3
$1.598.6
$98.0
$1.696.6
$2.267.6
$3.398.4
$5.666.0
$8.996.4
$2.674.8
$11.671.2
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198
$6.6
$6.6
$54.6
$54.6
$34.3
$34.3
$48.6
$48.6
$192.8
$192.8
-------
Research
and Development
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Great Lakes Research
Kater
Salaries 4 Expenses $439.0 $472.0 $451.6 $451.6 $461.5 $9.9
Research & Development $1,491.2 $1,497.6 $1,497.6 $1,497.6 $1,497.6
TOTAL $1,930.2 $1,969.6 $1,949.2 $1,949.2 $1,959.1 $9.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,555.4 $17,311.4 $15,831.4 $15,831.4 $16,178.2 $346.8
Research & Development $8,578.3 $8,442.2 $7,848.2 $8,918.9 $8,918.9
Water Quality Research TOTAL $25,133.7 $25,753.6 $23,679.6 $24,750.3 $25,097.1 $346.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
4.6
42.9
22.2
37.6
5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Environmental Processes 142.9 165.1 165.1 154.9 154.9
And Effects - Water
Great Lakes Research - 3.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 254.1 292.0 292.0 279.1 279.1
-------
Engineering Ana
5 Technology - water
*» environmental Processes
And Effects - water
ureat Lakes Research -
water
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
ACTUAL
1987
5.5
48.0
24.8
39.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
REQUEST
1989
5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198
164.5 165.1
6.7
8.0
165.1
8.0
154.9 154.9
8.0
8.0
TOTAL WURKYEARS
288.9 292.0 292.0 279.1
279.1
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1; Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach
to Pollution Control
1989: o Ten water quality health advisories (Scientific Assessment)
o Development of Wildlife Protection Program (Scientific Assessment)
o Evaluate and standardize methodology for quantification of human patho-
gens (Monitoring)
1988; o Ten water quality advisories (Scientific Assessment)
o Health effects bioassay method manual for determining whether receiving
streams meet water quality standards (Health)
o Report on the toxicity identification of the toxic components of
effluents (Environmental Processes)
1987; o Distributed calibration materials and audited performance of over 7,000
major NPDES dischargers (Monitoring)
o Report on health effects bioassay methods for determining toxicity
(Health)
o Eleven water quality criteria documents and twenty-nine water quality
advisories (Environmental Processes)
Objective 2; Develop Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal, Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs
1989; o Report on application of population models to impact assessments at the
106-mile ocean dumping site (Environmental Processes)
o Report on the ecological risk of organic enrichment and contaminants from
POTWs (Environmental Processes)
o Report on methods for predicting biological impacts of in-place pollu-
tants in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels (Environmental Pro-
cesses)
1988; o Risk assessment of the ocean disposal of dredged material (Environmental
Processes)
o Report on the carcinogenic effects of contaminated sediment on mollusks
and fish (Environmental Processes)
o Report describing mass balances of toxicants of concern in the upper Great
Lakes connecting channels (Environmental Processes)
1987; o Conduct lab/field tests of an equilibrium partitioning bioaccumulation
model (Environmental Processes)
o Develop risk assessment methods for the ocean disposal of sludge at the
106-mile ocean dumping site (Environmental Processes)
o Report on an integrated Great Lakes study on toxics in Monroe Harbor
(Environmental Processes)
Objective 3: Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology
1989; o Development of criteria documents for pathogens in sludge (Scientific
Assessment)
WQ-13
-------
o Standardize methodology for collection, identification, and enumeration
of human pathogenic organisms 1n sludge and soil to monitor the safety of
direct land-application of wastewater and/or sludge (Monitoring)
o Report on evaluation of effectiveness of available methodology for reduc-
ing toxic metals and organics front incineration emissions (Engineering)
1988; o Development of multimedia pathogen risk assessment methodology for the
land application of sludge (Scientific Assessment)
o Initiation of prototype criteria document for bacteria (Scientific
Assessment)
o Provide real-time process monitoring methodology for toxic conditions
(Monitoring)
1987; o Response to SAB comments on the four risk assessment methodologies
(Scientific Assessment)
o Distribution of the annual report on "Guidelines for Establishing Test
Procedures for the Analyses of Pollutants" (Monitoring)
o Technology evaluations in support of the 100S modification/replacement
program for 1n-channel clarlfler 1n Gallatin, Missouri and In-vessel
composting in Plattsburgh, New York (Engineering)
WQ-14
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $25,097,100 supported by 279.1 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $346,800 and no change 1n total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $16,178,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,918,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of
$346,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Research
and Development appropriation.
Program Description
The Water Quality research program provides the scientific and technical
data to States and the EPA's Office of Water In Implementing the Clean Water Act.
Objective 1: Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based
Approach to Pollution Control.This research provides the scientific base to help
States develop water quality standards, to conduct use-attainability analyses and
to provide needed information to Implement a water quality based pollution control
program.
Objective 2; Develop the Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally
Sound Ocean Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs.This activityprovides
the researchneeded by EPA for evaluating impacts of .ocean disposal practices,
understanding the Great Lakes ecosystems and developing* responsive and scienti-
fically valid estuarine and near coastal waters programs.
Objective 3; Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies.
SludgeManagement Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology, the
wastewater research program provides the technicalinformation, engineering and
monitoring assistance needed by EPA and municipalities, and industry for the
development and implementation of regulations and guidance for disposal of sludge.
control of pollution from municipal treatment plants to bring plants into com-
pliance with state discharge permits, and to support the National Pollution Dis-
charge Elimination System (NPDES).
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $647,900 supported by 5.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $306,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $341,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $6,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and no
change in the Research and Development appropriation and total workyears. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of the inhouse research program.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control"! In response to the new Post-BAT requirements of the CWA
Amendments, the program will provide support to the program office, Regions
and States for update/modification/implementation of human health criteria on a
site-specific basis for ambient water quality. In addition, the program will
provide assistance to evaluate local health hazards from exposure to chemical
pollutants and pollutant mixtures. This information is needed by the States to
develop individual control strategies for toxic pollutants.
WQ-15
-------
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxlclty Reduction "Methods and Technology^TReCWA Amendments
require the Agency to identify and regulate toxic pollutants in sludge. As a result,
the program will provide technical support in the development and implementation
of these regulations, including the development of criteria for the assessment of
hazard and risk from exposure to pathogens in sludge.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $641,300 supported by 5.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $299,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $341,700 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program is providing technical support in the development and imple-
mentation of regulations for the management of sludge under Section 406 of the
CWA. The program is assisting in the development of criteria for the assessment of
hazard and risk from exposure to pathogens in sludge.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $663,700 supported by 5.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $271,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $392,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The program prepared a point-by-pbint response to comments received from the SAB
on the four multimedia chemical risk assessments.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,456,300 supported by 46.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,547,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $908,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $54,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change in the Research and Development appropriation and total workyears. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of inhouse support for the monitoring program.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control^The CWA Amendments place emphasis on the development of methods
to measure and monitor water quality. In support of this activity, the program
will develop and standardize methods and provide field tested protocols to assess
ambient water quality. In addition, the program will evaluate biological monitoring
techniques and a generic approach for the chemical measurement of toxic organics
and inorganics in ambient sources. In 1989, fees for quality control and performance
evaluation samples will be collected following the expected publication of a final
rule in 1988.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology. The Discharge Monitor-
ing Report-Quality Assurance (DMRQA) Support Program will be maintained to provide
quality self-ironitoring DMRQA data submitted to the States and EPA by the 7,000
major dischargers within the NPDES.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,401,700 supported by 46.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,493,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $908,400 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
WQ-16
-------
This research program is evaluating chemical monitoring methods and protocols
designed to measure site-specific aspects of water quality. The program provides
cost-effective monitoring methods for the measurement of chemicals and biological
parameters required in the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
program and in the assessment of ambient water quality. Fees for quality control
and performance evaluation samples will be collected following the expected pub-
lication of a final rule in 1988.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,224,600 supported by 48.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,436,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $788,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, this program developed methods for the collection and enumeration of
coliforms and viruses and for the chemical identification/quantification of toxic
metal species. In addition, a repository of repository calibration materials to
support implementation of NPDES compliance monitoring was maintained.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,696,600 supported by 26.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,598,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $98,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $34,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change in the Research and Development appropriation and in total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the health effects program.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control. The CWA Amendments provide for the establishment of water
quality standards and criteria to assure the protection of public health. In support
of these requirements, this research program will evaluate the use of health effects
bioassays to determine the potential of wastewater effluents to cause carcinogenic,
hepatic, renal, reproductive or teratogenic effects. Research will be conducted
to develop microbial methods to determine the risks of exposure to microorganisms
from non-human/non-point sources of pollution.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives and Tpxicity Reduction Methods and Technology. Microbiological re-
search data on the level and risk of pathogens that may cause disease in humans
will be developed. Biological markers will be developed to determine human exposure
to chemicals found in sludge. The data from these studies will be used by the
Agency to formulate sludge disposal regulations, permits and guidance required by
the CWA Amendments.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,662,300 supported by 26.7 total
workyears. for this program, of which $1,564,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $98/000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The research program is providing data on the health aspects of chemicals
found in sludges used for land application, distribution and marketing and other
uses and disposal options. Also microbiological research data on the level and
risk pathogens that may cause diseases in humans are being developed.
WQ-17
-------
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,158.500 supported by 24.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,775,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $383,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research activities were directed toward developing health effect bioassays
to support the evaluation of wastewater effluents. In addition, the program
published a report on the occurrence of pathogens In distribution and marketing
sludge products.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,666,000 supported by 37.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,267,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,398,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $48,600 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change 1n the Research and Development appropriation and total workyears. The
Increase 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of Inhouse support for the wastewater treatment technology research program.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology. Innovativeand alter-
native technologies will be evaluated to determine and promote more cost-effective
treatment processes. Technical support will be provided to the Office of Water on
sludge regulation development and implementation. To support the development of
permit limitations for municipal and industrial wastewaters, toxicity treatability
will be assessed, and toxicity reduction evaluation (TRE) procedures and removal
capabilities will be developed for the various treatment processes.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,617,400 supported by 37.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,219,000 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,398,400 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Technology evaluations are being conducted on selected potential I/A candi-
dates. Technical support and engineering assistance are being provided to EPA and
municipalities for the development and Implementation of sludge regulation, espe-
cially in the areas of pathogens and organlcs in sludge, sludge incineration and
sludge impoundments. Integrated wastewater treatment mechanisms which Include both
aerobic and anaerobic systems are being assessed for toxics control. Toxicity re-
duction evaluations (TRE) for small plants are being conducted, and a comprehensive
TRE protocol is being developed.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,867,600 supported by 39.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,375,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,491,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Technology evaluations in support of the 100Z Modification/Replacement program
were completed for in-channel clarifier in Gallatin, Missouri and in-vessel
composting in Plattsburgh, New York. Technical support was provided to revise
sludge regulation, and bench-scale testing on the two-phase anaerobic sludge di-
gestion was completed.
VIQ-18
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,671,200 supported by 154.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,996,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,674,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $192,800, in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change in the Research and Development appropriation and total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the processes and effects research program.
Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control. In response to the new Post-BAT requirements of the CWA Amend-
ments. the research program will develop methods to determine what uses are attain-
able in aquatic systems, and to work on integrating pollutant-specific control
methods with whole toxicity testing procedures and best available technology (BAT)
limits for use in permitting. Research will also strengthen the scientific and
technical data base to support the Agency's effort to reduce the loss or degrad-
ation of the wetlands and to assess individual and cumulative impacts of wetland
conversions as well as effective means of mitigating impacts. The data from these
studies will assist the States in developing individual strategies for controlling
toxic pollutants.
Develop the Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal, Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs. This activity will develop risk
assessment procedures to permit the evaluation of impacts due to the ocean disposal
of wastes in coastal and deep waters. The integration of these procedures will
allow the determination of the relative safety of ocean disposal and provide for
comparisgn of alternative disposal strategies. Research will be conducted to sup-
port the Agency's strategy to reduce pollution in near coastal waters. The
research program will focus on resiliency and recovery of coastal ecosystems,
development of biomarker assessment methods, and development of wasteload alloca-
tion models for estuarine and near coastal waters.
Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology. Research will continue
to maintain and update the existing gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy tape library
and develop new analytical data bases of toxic pollutants found in industrial
wastewater. The data bases will provide the information on wastewater treatment
technology needed to support the NPDES program.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,478,400 supported by 154.9
total workyears for this program, of which $8,803,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,674,800 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation.
Research is being conducted to develop methods to integrate whole effluent
testing procedures with chemical specific control technology. The methods to
assess water quality functions of wetlands, the cumulative loss of wetlands as
well as the mitigation of wetlands are being developed. Research on methods to
better assess the impacts of ocean disposal activities is being conducted. These
procedures will be used in risk assessments. Estuarine and near coastal waters
research is focused on questions of ecosystem resiliency and recovery, eutrophi-
cation, wasteload allocation and biomarkers as assessment techniques in coastal
waters.
WQ-19
-------
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987. the Agency obligated a total of $11,289,100 supported by 164.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,257,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,031,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the development of aquatic life water quality
criteria documents and twenty-nine water quality advisories. The research program
completed research efforts which clearly demonstrated that laboratory methods can
be used to estimate field exposure and effects of pollutants in ocean disposed
dredged material as well as completed lab/field tests of an equilibrium partitioning
bioaccumulation model.
GREAT LAKES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,959,100 supported by 8.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $461,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,497,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $9,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change in the Research and Development appropriation and total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the Great Lakes research program.
Develop the Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean Dis-
?osal, Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs'. Research will develop and test methods
o measure thesources,movementand effects of toxic substances in the Great
Lakes. Emphasis will be given to research on in-place pollutants and mass balance
studies. This program will also provide the International Joint Commission, Great
Lakes National Program Office, Regions II, III and V and Great Lakes States with
technical support and research data related to activities under the US/Canada
Water Quality Agreement.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,949,200 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $451,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,497,600 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The program is focusing on the impact and fate of toxic materials in areas of
concern Identified by the Great Lakes Water Quality Board. Emphasis is on in-place
pollutant and chemical mass balance research.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,930,200 supported by 6.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $439,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,491,200 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The Great Lakes Research program completed a report on an integrated study of
toxics in Monroe Harbor, including the field validation of a toxicity model, and
revised a wasteload allocation model for predicting exposure concentrations in
rivers and streams. Technical assistance was also provided to the Great Lakes
National Program Office, the Regions and the International Joint Commission.
WQ-20
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
WATER QUALITY
ABATEMENT A CONTROL
Water Quality and Grants Program Management. WQ-22
Water Quality Management WO-25
Great Lakes Program WO-26
Chesapeake Bay Program.. WQ-28
Effluent Standards ft Guidelines WQ-31
Grants Assistance Programs WQ-34
Clean Lakes Program WQ-35
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) WO-36
Water Quality Strategies Implementation WO-38
Dredge & Fill WQ-42
Ocean Disposal Permits WQ-44
Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention WQ-46
Standards & Regulations WQ-47
Water Quality Monitoring A Analysis WQ-49
Coastal Envi ronment Management WQ-51
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis WQ-54
Municipal Source Control WO-57
Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction WQ-5P
Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance WO-61
WQ-21
-------
WATER QUALITY
Mater Quality And Grants Program Management
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS 'IN THOUSANDS)
ro
ro
Water Quality
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Great Lakes Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
Chesapeake Bay Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3.813.7 $4.080.9 $4,312.1 $4,312.1 $4,577.7 $265.6
$686.0 $171.0 $241.0 $241.0 $1.171.0 $930.0
TOTAL $4.499,7 $4,251.9 $4.553.1 $4,553.1 $5,748.7 $1,195.6
$1.344.2 $1,277.4 $1.259.3 $1,259.3 $1.336.1 $76.8
$4.261.1 $3.697.3 $9.697.3 $9,697.3 $8,097.3 -$1.600.0
TOTAL $5,605.3 $4.974.7 $10.956.6 $10.956.6 $9,433.4 -$1.523.2
$1,131.8
$9,247.7
$1.164.9 $1.146.3 $1,146.3 $1,216.2
$9,250.0 $10,250.0 $10.250.0 $10.250.0
$69.9
TOTAL $1U,379.5 $10,414.9 $11.396.3 $11.396.3 $11,466.2 $69.9
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Aoatement Control and
Compliance
tidier Duality miu
ul'alltS
$6.289.7 $6,523.2 $6,717.7 $6,717.7 $7,130.0 $412.3
$14,194.8 $13,118.3 $20,188.3 $20.188.3 $19,518.3 -$670.0
MAL $20,484.5 $19,641.5 $26,906.0 $26,906.0 $26.648.3 -$257.7
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality And Grants Program Management
t\>
CO
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
76.6
20.3
14.1
lll.O
79.9
25.4
16.3
121.6
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
99.9
24.0
9.5
133.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
3.5
2.0
.5
6.0
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality and Grants Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,648,300 supported by 139.4 total workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $257,700 from 1988. Of the request, $7,130,300 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $19,518,300 will be for the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $412,300 and a decrease
of $670,000 respectively.
Program Description
The programs under this subactivity include:
Water Qua]ity Management The goal of this program is to ensure that Federal,
State and local agencies identify and control point and nonpoint source water qual-
ity problems. Headquarters and Regional staffs manage State financial assistance
under Sections 106, non-construction grants 205(g), 205(j), and joint Federal/State
programs under Sections 208 and 303. The nonpoint source control program, mandated
by Section 319 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), requires the Agency to review and
approve the assessment reports and management programs developed and implemented by
the States.
Great Lakes Program This program has the ongoing responsibility for meeting
the expanded Great Lakes nutrient and toxics monitoring and control requirements
under Section 118 of the amended CWA, as well as the increased U.S. commitments
under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) of 1987 with Canada, which
calls for increasing coordination with Canadian agencies. A major focus of the
program is the ongoing cooperative measurement of ambient conditions in the Great
.Lakes, which is coordinated with Canada, to determine compliance with the objectives
of the CWA and GLWQA. The monitoring components of the program measure water
quality trends and the effectiveness of remedial responses to emerging pollution
problems. The program also supports State and local governments in the development
of Remedial Action Plans for the abatement of toxic and other problems in 30 U.S.
Areas of Concern identified by the International Joint Commission. The development
of an In-Place Pollutant Demonstration Program to address toxic harbor sediment
problems is also a significant element of the Great Lakes program.
Chesapeake Bay Program ~ This program has the ongoing responsibilities for
meeting the Chesapeake Bay nutrient/toxics monitoring and control requirements under
Section 117 of the amended CWA, as well as the Federal commitments under the Chesa-
peake Bay Agreement of 1987. The Agency assists the Bay States and the District of
Columbia in implementing activities to control nutrient and toxic effects in the
Bay. In addition to maintaining the Bay Liaison Office in Annapolis, the Agency
provides cost sharing grant assistance to the States for implementing nutrient and
toxic controls.
WQ-24
-------
Abatement and Control
-------
MATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,748,700 supported by 103.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,577,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,171,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $265,600 and $930,000, respectively, and
no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects full
year funding of additional workyears provided in 1988 to implement the Water Quality
Act. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance is to address increased
nonpoint source control activities.
In 1989, the review, revision, and final approval of State nonpoint source
(NFS) assessment reports and management programs will continue, leading to the
approval of approximately 52 State management programs by the end of the year.
Headquarters will continue to support the Regions and States in this process by
providing policies, guidance, and technical support. With the additional funds
requested, the Agency will provide assistance to the States that choose to Integrate
NPS assessments/management programs into State Clean Water Strategies (SCWS). An
annual report to Congress will be prepared summarizing the States' progress 1n
implementing Section 319. Headquarters will conduct limited program audits to
assure national consistency in the approval of State programs and the award and
management of Section 205(j)(5) grants. Approximately 10 workshops and 10 consul-
tations will be provided to States on proven technologies for the design and imple-
mentation of watershed-level control systems, largely making use of technology
transfer among, the States. Regions will negotiate and manage work programs for
205(j)(5) grants to 57 States and Territories to complete development and to begin
implementation of NPS management programs.
Headquarters will continue allocating Section 106 funds to Regions, States
and Indian tribes, provide guidance on basic program issues, conduct mid-year
evaluations of Regional offices, evaluate the performance of selected Indian tribes
and Regional organizations, and encourage States to include the development and
implementation of SCWS in their Section 106 work programs. Regions will continue
to negotiate and provide Sections 106, 205(j)(l) and non-construction 205(g) grant
funds to 203 State, Interstate, regional organizations and Indian Tribe water
quality agencies. Regions will issue guidance and funding targets for specific
priority activities, provide technical and management assistance, track and evaluate
grantee performance using an expanded water quality management ADP system, and
assure that State 1 eve!-of-effort (LOE) requirements are met.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,553,100 supported by 103.4
total workyears for this program, of which $4,312,100 1s from the Salaries and
.Expenses appropriation and $241,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Headquarters is directing the development and approval of State NPS assessment
reports and management programs, providing technical transfer/technical support to
the Regions and States, and encouraging States to develop the NPS elements of
SCWS. Headquarters will issue policies and guidance, including technical guidance
that addresses the potential ground-water impacts of best management practices
(BMPs) and encourages use of technological and managerial innovations developed
through the Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, and the Department of Agriculture's Rural
Clean Water Programs. Regions are providing review and approval of State submis-
sions and assisting selected States to correct major deficiencies; negotiating and
awarding 205(j)(5) grants; and providing support to ensure Federal, State and
intra-agency consistency on NPS management. Regions will also encourage States to
leverage the resources of other Federal agencies.
WQ-25
-------
In 1988, Headquarters is conducting basic national grants management functions
for Section 106 and 205(j) grants. The Water Quality Management grant regulations
are being revised and policy and guidance are being issued to assist the Regions to
provide grants to approximately 30 Indian Tribes and 50 regional organizations.
Regional and selected State programs will be analyzed to determine whether Regions
are implementing Agency priorities (especially toxics control), complying with
performance-based grant requirements, and ensuring that States maintain Section 106
LOE requirements. Regional staff are working to negotiate and manage performance
based 106, 205{j)(l) and non-construction 205(g) grants to State/interstate agencies
that focus on point and nonpoint source problems that pose the greatest environmental
risks. In 1988, Regions are beginning to provide grants directly to eligible Indian
Tribes and provide a larger share of 205(j)(l) funding to regional organizations.
Regions are also ensuring that State financial accounting systems are adequate.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $4,499,700 supported by 79.9 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,813,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $686,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1987, Headquarters refined and updated EPA's national NPS strategy and
worked with related NPS programs to ensure inclusion of NPS management activities
in their program efforts. Headquarters continued to work with the U.S. Department
of Agriculture (USDA) on direction and oversight of the Rural Clean Water Program,
with the Tennessee Valley Authority and seven southern States 1n developing the
"Land and Water 201" program, and with other Federal agencies to obtain their tech-
nical and financial support for State and local NPS initiatives. Headquarters and
Regions developed and issued national guidance on the Implementation of Section 319
activities, met with interested parties to assure their participation in the devel-
opment and implementation of the national program guidance and SCWS; and began to
review work plans and award grants under Section 205(j)(5) for development of
assessment reports and management programs.
The Agency continued the essential functions of allocating Section 106 funds,
providing guidance on basic program issues, ensuring State compliance with LOE
requirements and conducting mid-year evaluations of Regional offices. Headquarters
continued to provide Regions with assistance on an ADP system that will enhance
Regional capability to negotiate and track State workplan commitments.
GREAT LAKES PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,433,400 supported by 26.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,336,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,097,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $76,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a
decrease of $1,600,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and
no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects full
year funding of additional workyears provided in 1988 to implement the Water Quality
Act (WQA). The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance is due to the comple-
tion of the purchase of a replacement research vessel.
Under the WQA and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA), the Great
Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) will continue to provide technical and man-
agement leadership to address the emerging problems of persistent toxics in tribu-
taries and near shore waters. This involves continuing support to State and local
agencies in completion of Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) for 6 more of the 30 U.S.
Areas of Concern identified by the International Joint Commission (IJC), which must
also approve the plans. By the end of 1989, 26 of the 30 plans will be completed.
WQ-26
-------
As the plans are completed and approved, the program office will begin tracking the
Implementation of plan elements by the appropriate State/local or Federal agencies.
Complementary to this activity will be the continuation of the first In-Place
Pollutant Demonstration project at a site being selected 1n 1988 on the basis of
environmental priorities. This project supports RAP Implementation by determining
feasible methods for abatement of the 1n-place pollutant problems, which have been
Identified 1n most of the Areas of Concern. Further support for RAP Implementation
will be provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
research under the EPA-NOAA joint research plan through an interagency agreement.
The program office will also continue to provide the IJC and Its Water Quality
Board with technical and policy support and also will continue to participate 1n
bi-national committees and task forces. The program will respond to Information
requests and provide technical support to EPA Headquarters and to the Department
of State on official Canadian requests and notes concernlag the United States'
Great Lakes policies and programs. GLNPO will also continue to provide support to
Regions II, III, and V on water quality standards and on technical matters in the
development and review of permits and permit compliance Impacting the Great Lakes.
Great Lakes monitoring activities will continue through annual programs
for conventional and toxic pollutants, for collection, analyses, and reporting on
both open lake migratory and near shore non-migratory fish, and for collection of
precipitation samples through the Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposition (GLAD) network
for the analyses of metals, nutrients, and organic toxics. In 1989, surveillance
activities will be expanded to include biological sampling and additional air
monitoring stations in the GLAD network. These analyses will continue to be used
to determine metals and nutrient loadings to the Great Lakes as a basis for the
design and operation of local pollution abatement programs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,956,600 supported by 26.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,259,300 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,697,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
GLNPO is completing the preliminary field work and biological and chemical
studies required to select a site and begin- the first In-Place Pollutant Demon-
stration project in 1988. This includes developing the ranking and selection
process to choose the demonstration site to be initiated. GLNPO is continuing to
provide direction and technical assistance in completing the development, review,
approval and implementation of RAPs for 12 of the 30 U.S. Areas of Concern. The
program office is beginning this year to track the implementation and reporting of
the RAPs. Currently, seven plans are being submitted to the IJC for the required
bi-national review.
The program office is preparing the 1988 Nonpoint Source Reduction Plan Imple-
mentation Report called for under Annex 3 of the GLWQA. GLNPO is tracking nonpoint
source pollution control practices according to the revised tracking system. It is
also providing technical assistance and monitoring for the Great Lakes States'
phosphorus reduction efforts, including elements of the 1986 United States Plan for
Phosphorus Load Reduction to Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and Saginaw Bay. Tributary
monitoring for toxic pollutants is being continued and expanded. Support to the
IJC's Water Quality Board is being expanded to provide greater assistance in work-
ing out the details for implementing the revisions to the GLWQA signed by both
countries in 1987. The acquisition and equipping of a new research vessel is
providing new on-board sampling and analytical capacity for toxic substances in the
water column and sediments of the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposi-
tion network is being augmented to increase the analytical and research components
of the network. Work is being expanded in the Green Bay Mass Balance Modeling
WQ-27
-------
Study and in the area of toxic source assessment. The Green Bay study 1s contin-
uing to develop predictive models for Identification, transport and fate of toxic
substances. If feasible, these models will be used on one of the Great Lakes.
GLNPO Is beginning the negotiation of Interagency Agreements with the agencies
specified in the WQA. An Interagency Agreement 1s to be negotiated with NOAA to
jointly carry out a research Inventory, report on research issues, and prepare a
Great Lakes research plan. GLNPO is completing the reports to the Administrator
and Congress as required by the WQA.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,605,300 supported by 25.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,344,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,261,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The program office began preliminary work to meet WQA requirements for select-
Ing and initiating the first In-Place Pollutant Demonstration project In 1988. The
office also continued to conduct monitoring activities and laboratory analysis with
emphasis on in-place toxics and.operation of the modified GLAD network to identify
and quantify airborne toxics. GLNPO initiated a mass balance study for Green Bay.
The program office continued a major effort to assist State/local agencies in
completion, review, and approval of RAPs for 8 of 30 U.S. Areas of Concern, and
also worked with all concerned parties on revisions to the GLWQA.
GLNPO continued its sampling network and laboratory activities. Water chem-
istry, biota, sediment and air analyses called for under the GLWQA were carried
out. The program office also continued as the catalyst in the development of
uniform multi-state fish consumption advisories. The fish advisories, in place
for Lake Michigan, were negotiated among Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,466,200 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,216,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,250,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $69,900 in Salaries and Expenses,
no change in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and no change in total workyears.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel costs.
The Agency will continue to meet Its expanded responsibilities under the
Chesapeake Bay Agreement (CBA) of 1987 among the three Bay States of Pennsylvania,
Maryland, and Virginia, the District of Columbia, and the Agency. Most significant-
ly, the CBA commits the Bay States to reduce the level of nutrients in the Bay by
40 percent by the year 2000. In addition, the Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987
requires a closer look into problems of toxicity through the program's ongoing
monitoring activities. Under the expanded WQA responsibilities and CBA commitments,
the Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office (CBLO) will continue to provide technical and
management leadership in nutrient control and to begin addressing the emerging
problems of persistent toxics in the Bay basin. The CBLO will continue investiga-
tions into nonpoint toxic sources, including 1n-place toxics in sediments, surface
microlayer toxicity, and other nonpoint sources. In 1989, this investigation of
toxicity in the Bay will result in specific-plans for source reduction. The program
will continue to give priority to nonpoint source pollution controls, the development
of the time-varying Bay water quality model, and the monitoring efforts needed to
calibrate it. Several reports required by the CBA will be prepared.
WQ-28
-------
Building on the knowledge gained over the past several years concerning the
effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) to reduce erosion/sedimen-
tation and manage animal waste, the States and EPA will add to the number of acres
treated and improve the rate of progress in reducing the flow of nutrients to the
Bay. Using monitoring data, geographic Information system capabilities, and water
quality models, the CBLO will work with the States to Improve nonpolnt source
control targeting. By combining living resources, habitat requirements, and the
geographic locations of prime habitat with monitoring data, and by modeling the
effects of current and proposed point and nonpoint source control actions, the CBLO
will provide the State and Federal CBA participants with the information necessary
to target efforts better and to improve cost effectiveness. The information from
the inspection of BMP installations will also be used in 1989 to further enhance
nonpoint source control targeting and to modify the nonpoint source control programs
as necessary.
The Agency will continue to provide technical and administrative staff support
to the Chesapeake Bay Implementation Committee and Executive Council. Coordination
functions will be carried out with the States, other Federal Agencies, and other
Bay management agencies to ensure continued progress is made in restoring Bay water
quality. The Agency's support for monitoring the ma1nstern of the Bay will continue
1n concert with the States' focus on monitoring the major tributaries. Continued
support will be provided for maintaining and improving the Chesapeake Bay data
system which is reported on annually.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,396,300 supported by 10.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,146,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,250,000 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The Agency is working with the Bay States to implement the elements of the
1987 CBA. This Includes beginning to develop criteria for the protection of water
quality and habitat conditions, a plan to reduce and control toxic materials entering
the Bay from point and nonpoint sources, and a plan to achieve point and nonpoint
source reduction from Federal installations that parallel the States' load reduc-
tion.
Matching grants for the implementation of the nonpoint sources controls are
continuing to achieve agreed upon pollutant load reductions. Assistance is pri-
marily provided to identify critical farm units within sub-basins, develop plans
and schedules for implementing BMPs, define outreach programs to encourage farmer
participation, and develop long-term comprehensive implementation programs. The
continuing objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of BMPs in critical areas
so that more farmers will adopt the practices. Water quality monitoring of pilot
areas is being used in conjunction with water quality models to continue to evaluate
the results of nonpoint source control implementation and develop quantitative rela-
tionships between pollution controls and improvement of water quality. Work is
being expanded in the areas of toxics control and coordination of pollution controls
to improve the management of living resources in the Bay. This work includes initial
investigations into nonpoint sources of toxics, such as sediments and the surface
microlayer.
The research and programmatic activities relating to the Bay and its basin of
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey,
the Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Fish and Wild-
life Service of the Department of the Interior are continuing to be coordinated
through the CBLO.
WQ-29
-------
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $10,379,500 supported by 16.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,131,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,247,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
During 1987, the Agency continued to award grants to the Bay States to
Implement the recommendations of the Chesapeake Bay Restoration and Protection Plan
of 1985. These 50 percent cost sharing grants continued to emphasize nonpoint
source control efforts and were targeted on projects which support the long-term
need for reducing loadings of toxics and nutrients. Grant assistance was also
provided to Implement controls on new urban and suburban development and on methods
to retrofit nonpoint source controls in developed areas. About 90,000 acres have
been treated with BMPs, and 540,000 tons of soil have been saved from erosion and
nearly 600,000 pounds of phosphorus have been prevented from entering the Bay.
The first phase of the work to produce a steady state model of water quality
1n the Bay was completed and a three-year effort to produce a second generation,
time-varying model of Bay water quality was begun. These models are the bridge
between future water quality, living resource criteria and objectives, and future
point and nonpoint source load controls programming. The models are to provide the
analytical tools which will be used to estimate required load reductions.
During 1987, the Agency worked with the Bay States to develop and negotiate the
revised CBA. Public hearings were held on the draft agreement and the final agree-
ment was signed 1n December 1987.
WQ-30
-------
WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards 4 Guidelines
PROGRAM
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
THOUSANDS)
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
Effluent Standards 4
Guidelines
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,168.0 $2,876.5 $3,307.8 $3,307.8 $3,522.8 $215.0
$4,344.4 $3,412.4 $3,412.4 $3,412.4 $6,212.4 $2,800.0
TOTAL $7,512.4 $6,288.9 $6,720.2 $6,720.2 $9,735.2 $3,015.0
JO
CJ
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Effluent Standards 4
Guidelines
$3,168.0 $2,876.5 $3,307.8 $3,307.8 $3,522.8 $215.0
$4,344.4 $3,412.4 $3,412.4 $3,412.4 $6,212.4 $2^800.0
TOTAL $7,512.4 $6,288.9 $6,720.2 $6,720.2 $9,735.2 $3,015.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards 4
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
50.5
50.5
49.0
49.0
51.0
51.0
50.2
50.2
50.2
50.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Effluent Standards 4
Guidelines
52.4
49.0
51.0
50.2
50.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
52.4
49.0
51.0
50.2
50.2
-------
WATER QUALITY
Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,735,200 supported by 50.2 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $3,015,000 from 1988. Of the request, $3,522,800 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $6,212,400 will be for the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $215,000 and $2,800,000
respectively.
Program Description
Effluent Standards and Guidelines - This program develops and promulgates
effluent standards and guidelines under Sections 301, 304, 306, 307 and 501 of the
Clean Water Act (CWA) based on Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
(BAT); Best Conventional Technology (BCT); New Source Performance -Standards (NSPS);
Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES); and Pretreatment Standards for
New Sources (PSNS).
Increasing program emphasis is directed at (1) establishing effluent limita-
tions for industries discharging directly to waterways and indirectly through
POTWs and (2) reviewing and Identifying new and previously regulated industrial
categories for revisions to existing standards or promulgation of new standards as
directed by Section 304{m), as amended by the Water Quality Act. The Domestic
Sewage Study (DSS), required by Section 3018(a) of the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), identi-
fied risks associated with hazardous wastes passing through sewer systems into
POTWs. Section 3018{a) requires the revision of existing regulations and promulga-
tion of new regulations to protect human health and the environment from these
hazardous substances.
EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,735,200 supported by 50.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,522,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,212,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $215,000 and $2,800,000, respectively, and no change
in total workyears. The increase 1n Salaries and Expenses reflects full year
funding of additional workyears provided in 1988 to implement the Water Quality
Act. The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance will be used to initiate and
continue development of effluent guidelines.
In 1989, the Effluent Guidelines program will develop controls or prepare
guidance for the non-regulated DSS industries and analyze for an additional 300
new target analytes. Headquarters will Initiate regulations development on the
equipment manufacturing and rebuilding industry and the Pharmaceuticals Industry;
and initiate development of guidance or regulations addressing the hazardous waste
treaters industry. The work on textiles and timber that was suspended in 1988
will be resumed in 1989. The program will continue to review and prepare a deci-
sion document for the previously regulated pulp and paper industry. Data gathering
and engineering evaluations will be initiated on one additional previously regu-
lated industry (onshore oil and gas). All reviews will be conducted according to
the 304(m) plan to be published 1rv the Federal Register 1n 1988. A major emphasis
in rulemaklng activities will be to initiate development of regulations for the
WQ-32
-------
coastal oil and gas Industry. Field sampling and questionnaire survey data obtained
1n 1988 will be evaluated. Development of a proposed regulation for the pesticide
manufacturers and formulator/packagers will continue.
Headquarters will also provide post-promulgation negotiation and litigation
support for placer mining, the nonferrous forming and manufacturing phase II
regulatory amendments, and continue support for the organlcs effluent limitations
published 1n 1987. Eight comprehensive technical policy workshops will be con-
ducted covering the progress of the pesticides regulations, the effluent limitation
associated with the organlcs regulations, findings of analytical studies and the DSS
Industries, and the oil and gas regulatory efforts.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency Is allocating a total of $6,720,200 supported by 50.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,307,800 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,412,400 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In 1988, the review of the pulp and paper Industry continues. Ten decision
documents are to be published (transportation, equipment manufacturing and rebuild-
ing, paint, Industrial laundries, Waste oil recovery, hospitals, hazardous waste
treaters, solvent recyclers, barrel reclaimers and Pharmaceuticals). Work on the
review of the two remaining DSS Industries (textiles and timber) was suspended.
The Agency 1s Initiating development of regulations for Pharmaceuticals and final
regulations will be Issued for placer mining; two notices of availability of data
and a reproposal for Best Conventional Technology (BCT) on offshore oil and gas,
and muds and cuttings are being developed. The program Is restudying the pesticides
Industry by addressing over 420 previously unregulated pesticides, hazardous con-
stituents under RCRA and toxic pollutants of concern to the Drinking Water program.
In 1988, a plan to review previously regulated industries will be published.
Biological monitoring, sampling and analysis for RCRA constituents and other toxic
compounds in effluents from pesticides will be initiated.
Support is being provided for post-promulgation negotiation and litigation,
primarily for the organic chemicals, plastics and synthetic fibers regulations.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $7,512,400 supported by 52.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,168,000 was from the- Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,344,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1987, Headquarters analyzed regulated and unregulated industries for the
extent of hazardous/toxic discharges identified by the Domestic Sewage Study (DSS).
Work continued on decision documents for permit writers and control authorities on
ten industrial categories (hazardous waste treaters, solvent recyclers, barrel
reclaimers, Pharmaceuticals, equipment manufacturing and rebuilding, transportation,
paint, industrial laundries, waste oil recovery, and hospitals). Final regulations
were developed for three Consent Decree industries and the final amendment to the
phosphate fertilizer regulation was issued. A report on dioxins in the pulp and
paper industry was issued.
WQ-33
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
o
CO
Clean Lakes Program
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,765.4
TOTAL $4,765.4
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
Abatement Control and $71,100.1 $62,100.0 $60,850.0 $60,850.0 $62,100.0 $1,250.0
Compliance
TOTAL $71,100.1 $62,100.0 $60,850.0 $60,850.0 $62,100.0 $1,250.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Grants Assistance
Programs
$75,865.5 $62,100.0 $60,850.0 $60,850.0 $62,100.0 $1,250.0
TOTAL $75,865.5 .$62,100.0 $60,850.0 $60,850.0 $62.100.0 $1,250.0
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WATER QUALITY
Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $62,100,000 for 1989, an Increase of $1,250,000
from 1988. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Program Description
The programs under this subactlvlty Include:
Clean Lakes Program Section 314 of the Clean Water Act sets forth the
administrative and technical requirements for developing a national program to
enhance the quality of freshwater lakes. In February 1980, the Clean Lakes regula-
tion established an operational program of financial and technical assistance to
the States to assist in Implementing methods and procedures to protect and restore
the quality of their publicly owned freshwater lakes.
Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) Section 106 grants
supplement State resources for water pollution control programs. They are nego-
tiated annually with 50 States, 7 Territories, and 6 Interstate agencies, and
qualified Indian tribes. Funds are used to carry out a wide range of water quality
programs, Including permit Issuance, enforcement, monitoring, water quality planning
and standards, wasteload allocations, groundwater programs, nonpoint source control,
program management, pretreatment, oil and hazardous materials spill response, and
other priority programs.
CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for the Clean Lakes program. In past years the
Agency has developed and demonstrated lake restoration techniques and assisted
States in classifying lakes, identifying techniques for restoring the levels of
water quality needed to maintain or enhance uses, and implemented cleanup and
control projects. Because the Agency has provided guidance to the States on main-
taining clean lakes, it believes that the States are now able to address lake
restoration needs, along with other local priorities, under their existing water
quality management programs.
1988 Program
In 1988, no funds are being allocated for this program.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,765,400 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. Forty-nine
State grants were awarded to implement actual control measures and refine controls
needed to restore or enhance uses for specific lakes.
WQ-35
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CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $62,100,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an increase of $1,250,000 from 1988. The Increase reflects a restoration of the
program to the 1988 President's Budget level to provide additional grant funds to
States to partially offset the reduction of resources available from construction
grant set-as1des.
Section 106 grants will provide funding assistance for operation of State
water pollution control programs for 63 State, Interstate and Territorial agencies,
and approximately 30 Indian tribes. In 1989, States will review water quality
standards, adopt numeric and/or narrative water quality standards for toxic pollut-
ants and toxidty, 11st waters Impaired by toxics and identify contributing point
sources, and develop individual control strategies to comply with Section 304(1).
In support of water quality-based permits, States will resolve complex use/criteria
revision and modification Issues and will review antidegradation policies and
develop implementation methods. Special emphasis will be placed on determining
priority water segments requiring site-specific criteria, collecting data, and
selecting appropriate methods and procedures for use attainability analyses.
States will issue/reissue expiring NPDES permits to control toxic pollutants
and toxlcity where water quality is impaired due to tox1cs/tox1c1ty problems and
data are sufficient to establish water quality-based permits. States will also
modify a number of NPDES permits that have not expired, where Section 304(1) as-
sessments have been completed and the need for toxics controls has been determined;
issue permits that incorporate toxic/toxicity limits or biomonitoring requirements
where Section 304(1) assessments are not yet completed but where toxic problems
have been identified; and issue Best Available Technology (BAT) permits to organic
chemical facilities. States will develop sludge programs and work with EPA to
incorporate sludge limits and/or impose biomonitoring requirements in some NPDES
permits for publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and/or other sludge handling
facilities. States will assist POTWs with approved local pretreatment programs in
developing/modifying new and revised categorical standards and local limits to
control toxic/hazardous pollutants. States will continue to conduct audits to
determine the adequacy of local pretreatment programs. States will revise nonpoint
source management programs based on EPA reviews.
In the NPDES enforcement program, States will be concluding the National
Municipal Policy (NMP) effort primarily by use of judicial actions to set schedules
for facilities that missed the July 1, 1988 deadline for compliance. In pretreat-
ment enforcement, States will ensure that Industrial users comply with their cate-
gorical standards and that local control authorities comply with provisions of their
approved programs. States will conduct pretreatment compliance inspections, and
will ensure that POTWs have adequate control mechanisms in place. States will
continue to conduct both sampling and non-sampling Inspections and will be encour-
aged to use penalties to enforce BAT and water quality-based permit requirements to
address critical water-quality objectives. States will review and refine their
groundwater protection strategies to focus on the totality of their groundwater
protection and clean-up concerns.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $60,850,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, States are continuing to emphasize the control of toxic pollutants.
States are working to establish technically sound, enforceable water quality stan-
dards, conduct use attainability analyses, develop site-specific criteria, adopt
WQ-36
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criteria for toxic pollutants 1n State standards, and clarify antidegradation
policies and Implementation methods. States are collecting and evaluating existing
Information, and will use this Information to develop the 11st of waters Impaired by
toxic point source pollutants and toxlclty, and to develop Individual control strat-
egies. States are continuing the emphasis on control of hazardous/toxic pollutants
and toxlclty from direct dischargers and will concentrate on Issuing NPDES permits
to achieve water quality standards within three years after the establishment of
the Individual control strategies.
In 1988, States are modifying "permits to Incorporate BAT guidelines for organic
chemicals, best management practices, conditions based on blomonltorlng and water
quality studies, new technology-based requirements, and pretreatment Implementation
requirements, as well as some permits with sludge limits based on Best Professional
Judgement (BPJ) and/or sludge management practices. States are developing detailed
action plans to strengthen their toxic control programs. States are working with
the Regions to manage a substantial Increase In enforcement actions, particularly
referrals, due to the 1988 NMP deadline. States will shift from manual data entry
and review procedures to an automated system of data management for EPA (Permits
Compliance System). In 1988, some States will begin to develop State Clean Water
Strategies (SCWS) for their overall water quality protection and clean up, and will
continue their groundwater protection strategy efforts. Headquarters will begin to
award grants to Indian tribes for water pollution control program development on
reservations.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $71,100,100 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
States Issued about 350 major Industrial and 475 major municipal NPDES permits
and accomplished over 360 permit modifications. Over 4,600 compliance sampling
Inspections were completed. States completed approximately 160 audits/1,400 Inspec-
tions of POTWs. Analytical capabilities were developed to support Increased
emphasis on water quality-based permitting and toxic effluent limits for NPOES
permits. States conducted water quality assessments and risk, assessments for
304(1) toxic control strategies, and revised monitoring programs to address toxic
pollutants and nonpoint sources. States continued to review and revise water
quality standards and began emphasizing and Incorporating numeric and/or narrative
toxic criteria.
WQ-37
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
o
Dredge and Fill
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Ocean Disposal Permits
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,539.9 $4,156.3 $4,385.1 $4,385.1 $4,657.7 $272.6
$2,084.9 $1,992.5 $1,992.5 $1,992.5 $3,050.0 $1,057.5
TOTAL $5,624.8 $6,148.8 $6,377.6 $6,377.6 $7,707.7 $1,330.1
Environmental Emergency
Response 4 Prevention
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Standards & Regulations
Salaries 3 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$2,641.2
$7,193.8
$2,959.4
$6,127.9
$2,591.5
$4,624.8
$2,591.5
$4,774.8
$2,654.1
$4,927.9
$62.6
$153.1
TOTAL $9,835.0 $9,087.3 $7,216.3 $7,366.3 $7,582.0 $215.7
$1,936.3 $2,080.0 $1,938.4 $1,938.4 $1,521.2 -$417.2
$1,642.0 $1,200.0 $1,200.0 $1,200.0 $1,200.0
TOTAL $3,578.3 $3,280.0 $3,138.4 $3,138.4 $2,721.2 -$417.2
$4,187.7 $4,652.9 $4,544.2 $4,544.2 $4,864.1 $319.9
$2,900.0 $2,115.3 $2,415.3 $2,415.3 $3,425.3 $1,010.0
TOTAL $7,087.7 $6,768.2 $6,959.5 $6,959.5 $8,289.4 $1,329.9
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
.
TOTAL :
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
? Dredge and Fill
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Dredge and Fill
Ocy
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 ' 1989 VS 1988
Standards & Regulations
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
85.2 91.6 91.6
92.8
92.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
265.9
280.3 301.3
291.1
279.1 -12.0
-o
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,300,300 supported by 279.1 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $2,458,500 and a decrease of 12.0 total workyears from
1988. Of the request, $13,697,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $12,603,200 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation, an Increase of $237,900 and $2,220,600 respectively.
Program Description
The Headquarters and Regional programs under this subactlvlty Include:
Dredge and Fill This program Implements EPA's responsibilities under
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) to ensure that discharges of dredged and
fill material are done in a manner which adequately protects wetlands and other
waters of the United States. Activities are Included to develop State programs
to protect wetlands and coordinate public and private programs affecting wetlands
to Improve levels of protection for environmentally Important functions.
Ocean Disposal Permits The ocean disposal program regulates ocean disposal
by outfalls and dumping, designates disposal sites, develops ocean disposal poli-
cies, and participates in inter-agency programs that deal with the development and
protection of ocean resources. The Agency's ocean disposal programs are authorized
by the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), the CWA, and the
Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987, and are consistent with the
mandatory provisions of the Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping
of Wastes and Other Matter, known as the London Dumping Convention.
To carry out ocean disposal permitting functions, the Administrator of EPA is
authorized to regulate the disposal of all materials, except dredged material, which
is regulated by the Corps of Engineers. MPRSA prohibits the transportation and
dumping in ocean water of chemical, biological, and radiological warfare agents and
high level radioactive materials. EPA has statutory responsibility for designating
all ocean dumping sites, including those for dredged material.
Environmental Emergency Response and Prevention This program protects pub-
lic health and the environment from the hazards associated with accidental releases
of oil and other petroleum products into navigable waters of the United States.
EPA shares responsibility for this program with the United States Coast Guard.
The Agency coordinates an emergency response program to provide a nationwide
capability for containment and removal of accidental releases of oil and other
petroleum products. EPA establishes a policy framework, ensures national consis-
tency of field operations, and maintains the oil component of the Environmental
Response Team (ERT) which provides special engineering and technical advice. The
Agency also has responsibility to maintain a 24-hour alert system to respond to
notifications of accidental releases and manage the response work.
Standards and Regulations This program implements water quality-based
controls by setting water quality standards under Sections 303, 304(a), and 307{a)
of the CWA. EPA and the States use the water quality criteria adopted in the
standards as the basis for water quality-based controls. EPA publishes guidance
on water quality criteria applicable to freshwater, marine, and estuarine environ-
ments and sediments. Under Section 405, the Agency develops and publishes regula-
tions which provide guidelines for the disposal and utilization of sludge. This
program also includes management of the Clean Lakes grants program.
WQ-41
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DREDGE AND FILL
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,707,700 supported by 103.9 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,657,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,050,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an Increase of $272,600 and $1,057,500, respectively, and
no change In total workyears. The Increases reflect the Agency's focus on wetlands
Issues and support for State programs to protect wetlands.
In 1989 additional program and technical guidance will be developed on wetlands
protection. Study efforts will emphasize Increasing the scientific knowledge of
wetlands values and functions, and Increased assistance will be provided to States
and local entitles.
The program will continue Its efforts to enhance the Section 404 program which
ensures that discharges of dredged and fill material meet basic environmental
criteria. While the Army Corps of Engineers retains the primary responsibility
for Issuing permits for the disposal of dredged and fill material, the Agency has
several key responsibilities In the administration and Implementation of the pro-
gram. These responsibilities Include assuring that the permits comply with the
environmental criteria contained 1n .the Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines, restricting
or prohibiting permit Issuance 1f the effects are determined to be environmentally
unacceptable, delegating to Interested and qualified States authority to administer
the Section 404 program, and bringing civil or criminal enforcement actions against
unauthorized dischargers and permit violators.
A number of guidance documents and technical manuals will be revised or
developed to reflect evolving Agency policy. The final mitigation policy, under
the Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines, will be completed and Implementation will begin.
EPA will Issue technical guidance regarding Section 404(c), EPA's "veto" authority
over permit Issuance, and will be preparing revised regulations. Other technical
guidance 1s planned for open-water disposal of contaminated soil and de-minimus
discharges.
Enforcement activities under Section 404 will be emphasized. The program
expects to develop an enforcement practices manual and conduct State enforcement
workshops In 1989. The statutorily mandated Report to Congress on Section 404
enforcement mechanisms will also be issued. The Agency will pursue the potential
for field inspection support by other agencies in enforcement actions as well as
continue its efforts to implement the new administrative penalty enforcement
authorities for Section 404'compliance.
The program will continue to develop technical methods and data to support its
Section 404 regulatory operations. A geographic jurisdiction delineation manual,
developed in conjunction with the Corps of Engineers, will be issued in 1989, and
two technical methods manuals resulting from the Bottomland Hardwoods studies will
be published. The first manual will provide information on wetland evaluation in
Bottomland Hardwood ecosystems and the second will finalize a method to determine
cumulative impacts.
The Agency will work with States, Indian tribes and local entities to promote
delegation of the Section 404 administrative responsibilities to increase wetland
protection efforts. Guidance on State assumption of the program will be issued in
1989. Because of the unique authorities of local governments (e.g., taxation,
parks and recreation planning), the program will develop specific initiatives
directly related to local government activities for wetlands protection. The State
Clean Water Strategies will also be a means for identifying wetland protection
efforts and needs and integrating these into more comprehensive protection and
regulatory activities at the State and local levels. A handbook on community rela-
tions related to Advanced Identification (a joint EPA/Corps of Engineers effort to
WQ-42
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Identify sensitive wetlands prior to decisions on permitting) will be completed in
1989. A pilot project at the Regional level will also be undertaken to assess
the use of Advanced Identification within a particular geographic area.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $6,377,600 supported by 103.9
total workyears for this program, of which $4',385,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,992,500 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The policy framework for the Section 404 program continues to be strengthened
through issuance of guidance and technical manuals in 1988. The base program
of permit review, enforcement and advanced identification 1s being enhanced by the
joint efforts of EPA and the Corps of Engineers. In particular, the enforcement
program will utilize the Water Quality Act's new administrative penalty enforce-
ment authorities for Section 404 compliance. Other efforts include the Issuance of
a mitigation policy and guidance on alternatives analyses. Technical guidance on
Section 404(c) is under development and the program will initiate revisions to
these regulations in 1988.
In 1988 more attention is being given to geographic areas where the most
significant environmental problems are occurring from the loss of wetlands. The
Agency, working with the Corps of Engineers and other Federal, State and local
governments, is Identifying particularly valuable wetland resources that are threat-
ened by increasing development/conversion pressures. Regions will use this process
in 1988 to anticipate future permit needs and problems.
The National Forum on Wetlands will be completed this year, and appropriate
steps will be.taken to act upon its recommendations for a better national approach
to wetlands protection. Other cooperative efforts with Federal agencies and the
private sector to enhance scientific knowledge and technical data bases for wetland
protection are continuing. The joint EPA and Army Corps of Engineers methodology
for establishing jurisdictional limits of wetlands is being completed this year.
The Agency is also initiating an assessment/monitoring project on wetlands status
and quality.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,624,800 supported by 77.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,539,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,084,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The Agency developed and Issued a number of policy, procedural and guidance
documents in 1987 to ensure the effective implementation of EPA's Section 404
responsibilities. These activities included interagency efforts to develop a miti-
gation policy under Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines, issuance of rules and guidance
under the new administrative penalty authority, joint guidance with the Corps of
Engineers on interpretation of exemptions under Section 404(f), and handling of
major permit cases elevated to Headquarters under the memorandum of agreement with
the Corps of Engineers or under EPA's authority to prohibit or restrict discharge
under 404(c).
EPA developed regulations to facilitate the assumption of Section 404 respon-
sibilities by interested and qualified States. Efforts to promote enhancement of
State and local wetlands protection programs also included the development of
guidance on how to conduct Advanced Identifications through working with the Corps
of Engineers and other Federal, State and local agencies.
WQ-43
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The Agency worked with other Federal agencies and the private sector in 1987
to broaden the base of scientific and technical knowledge regarding wetlands.
Activities Included data collection on profiles of high priority wetlands, develop-
ment of wetland water quality criteria and studies of cumulative Impacts on wet-
lands. The pilot project on special ecosystems, Bottomland Hardwoods, was largely
completed 1n 1987.
A National Forum on Wetlands was Initiated to obtain recommendations on a new
national policy to better protect wetlands.
OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $7,582,000 supported by 45.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,654,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $4,927,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $62,600 in the Salaries and Expenses, an increase
of $153,100 In Abatement, Control and Compliance, and a decrease of 2.0 total
workyears. The Increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects an Increase in personnel
costs and the decrease in total workyears reflects a shift in resources due to the
suspension of a program to incinerate liquid hazardous wastes at sea. The Increase
in Abatement, Control and Compliance reflects additional activities related to the
Mud Dump Site and plastics studies undertaken in 1988.
The Agency will begin implementation of the revised Ocean Disposal (OD) reg-
ulation which is to be promulgated 1n final form in 1989. This regulation will
include provisions for permit application fees, which will be administered begin-
ning in 1989. Support will be provided to the Regions through program guidance and
technical protocols prepared by Headquarters.
The Agency's Regional - offices will continue implementing the Memoranda of
Understanding (MOUs) for dredged material disposal site environmental impact state-
ments (EISs) and site designations, which are being negotiated between the Regions
and the District offices of the Corps of Engineers (COE) 1n 1988. These MOUs are
to follow-up on the national EPA-COE MOU negotiated in 1987, and will enhance the
coordination and cooperation between EPA Regions, COE District offices, and permit
applicants.
The Agency will continue two planning program studies in the New York area
that were begun in 1988. The first of these is the New York Bight Restoration Plan
required by the Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987. This plan will
include an Identification and assessment of pollutant inputs and their impacts,
determination of methods and costs necessary to control such Inputs, identification
of impediments to a clean-up program, and a schedule and other requirements for
Implementing a clean-up program. The second study is on the designation of an
alternative to the New York Mud Dump Site for the disposal of dredged material as
required by the Water Resources Development Act of 1986.
In 1989, this program will also continue work on a study with the Department
of Commerce on the adverse effects of the Improper disposal of plastic articles on
the marine environment and on methods to reduce the amount of plastic debris. In
addition, the Agency will continue a three-year public outreach and education
program, initiated in 1988 in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and the Department of Transportation, on the problems of
plastic debris in the marine environment and the need for reduction of such debris.
The Agency will continue to review and issue permits for municipal and indus-
trial ocean disposal. This activity includes evaluating and characterizing waste
WQ-44
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samples on a case-by-case basis. In addition, more complex cross-media Impact
analysis will be required by. the revised OD regulations. The Water Resources
Development Act of 1986 requires the Agency to review and participate In various
water resource projects to be carried out by the COE, and may continue to Increase
the site designation workload.
The ongoing site management responsibilities will Increase as more Interim
dredged material disposal sites are designated as final sites. There 1s Increasing
usage of deep water sites for municipal and Industrial disposal operations. There
will be a further emphasis on data management as the number of continuing and
comprehensive site monitoring programs Increases.
1988 Program
The Agency 1s allocating a total of $7,366,300 supported by 47.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,591,500 1s from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,774,800 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency 1s completing development of a comprehensive revision to the OD
regulation and development of program guidance and technical protocols, as required.
The comprehensive revision responds to two court cases, amendments to legislation,
and the knowledge and experience gained through program management. As an integral
part of the comprehensive revision, the Agency 1s completing the development of a
permit application fee system for ocean disposal. The Agency will continue to
implement the research strategy for the program. The Agency's Regional offices are
negotiating and beginning implementation of MOUs with the COE District offices, for
the preparation of dredged material disposal site EISs and site designations to
enhance interagency coordination in this activity.
Work is underway on preparation of a New York Bight Restoration Plan, which is
to be completed in three years. Two studies, one relating to the selection of an
alternative disposal site to replace the New York Mud Dump and a second to determine
the resolution of the problem of plastics disposal in the New York Bight, are also
being undertaken. The Mud Dump study and recommendations for an alternate site is
to be completed in three years. The New York Bight plastics study giving special
attention to the effects of plastics debris on beaches, marine life, the environment
and coastal waters in the New York Bight is scheduled to be completed with a
report and recommendations to Congress during 1988. The Agency is also beginning
efforts, in conjunction with NOAA, on a study of methods to reduce plastic pollution
in the marine environment and a three-year public education program on plastics
pollution, as called for in the Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987.
The transfer of sludge dumping from the 12-mile site in the New York Bight to
the deepwater municipal sludge dump site (106-mile) and baseline monitoring of the
deepwater site are to be completed in 1988.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $9,835,000 supported by 52.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,641,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,193,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
The Agency continued development of a comprehensive revision to the OD regula-
tion. Negotiations were completed for a national MOU with the COE, which establishes
the basis for cooperative work in the final designation and management of three
categories of ocean dredged material disposal sites. The Agency continued to review
COE permits for ocean dredged material disposal and issue permits for municipal
and industrial ocean disposal. This activity included evaluating and characterizing
waste samples on a case-by-case basis.
WQ-45 '
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The Agency continued its efforts to develop a final 1nc1nerat1on-at-sea regula-
tion, which Included the preparation of appropriate guidance documents and a data
management system. The Agency Increased Its effort to locate suitable sites for
ocean Incineration activities. Research activities assessed the long term environ-
mental Impacts of 1nc1nerat1on-at-sea.
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,721,200 supported by 37.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,521,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This reflects a decrease of $417,200 in Salaries and Expenses, no change in
Abatement, Control and Compliance, and a decrease of 10.0 total workyears. The
decrease in Salaries and Expenses and total workyears reflects the maturation of
the program, streamlined management, and the Increased ability of responsible
parties and State and local governments to respond effectively to releases.
The Agency will continue to have a 24-hour-a-day capability to respond to
notifications of accidental spills or threats of releases. Federal removal will be
directed at major Incidents where the responsible party Is unidentifiable; refuses
to, or Is Incapable of providing timely and effective removal; and where States and
local authorities lack the necessary expertise, equipment, or funding to respond
effectively.
Federal regulations require Implementation of a Spill Prevention, Control, and
Counter-measure (SPCC) plan at oil storage facilities and transfer points that could
reasonably be expected to spill a significant amount of oil into navigable waters.
Staff, with assistance -from contractor personnel, will conduct compliance inspec-
tions at selected non-transportation-related (NTR) facilities included in the SPCC
program in an effort to reduce the frequency and volume of releases that occur.
The Agency also will maintain an Environmental Response Team (ERT) to provide
Regional and State personnel with response training and on-site technical and
operational assistance at complex emergency Incidents. The ERT is staffed by
personnel with a high degree of expertise in the areas of spill control and re-
moval, spill sampling and analysis techniques, and damage assessment.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,138,400 supported by 47.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,938,400 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,200,000 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Personnel are available on a 24-hour basis to respond to notifications
received by the National Response Center of accidental releases of oil and other
petroleum products. The oil component of the ERT provides special engineering and
technical advice at any unusually large or complex spill. The Agency is providing
on-scene monitoring at removals undertaken by responsible parties or State and
local authorities and is directing removal activities at major oil incidents. SPCC
inspections are being conducted at NTR facilities.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $3,578,300 supported by 50.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,936,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,642,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. The
WQ-46
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Agency received and screened notifications of oil spill releases, directed removals
at major oil spills, and responded on-scene at non-Federally funded Incidents. In
addition, the Agency conducted 1,178 SPCC Inspections at NTR facilities.
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,289,400 supported by 92.8 total workyears for
this program, of which $4,864,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,425,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $319,900 and $1,010,000, respectively, and no change
1n total workyears. The increase 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects
full year funding of additional workyears provided in 1988 to implement the Water
Quality Act. The increase in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
addresses Increased activities 1n water quality standards and sludge criteria/
regulation development.
In 1989, the Agency will publish proposed and final freshwater and saltwater
human health and aquatic toxidty criteria documents for up to 10 toxic and non-
conventional pollutants. Up to 30 water quality advisories will be issued. Head-
quarters will assist the Regions in reviewing State and Indian tribe standards
relating to use attainability, site-specific criteria development, antldegradation,
and the adoption of criteria for toxic pollutants. Sediment criteria values for
nonpolar organic contaminants will be developed for six contaminants.
Regions will work with States and Indians to examine the adequacy of all
narrative criteria for toxics and the control methods recommended for point source
toxic discharges. In support of water quality-based permits, Regions will work with
States to resolve complex use/criteria revision and modification issues and differ-
ences in State standards. Antidegradation policies will be reviewed for consistency
with regulatory requirements, and State implementation methods will be developed.
EPA will use additional resources to determine priority water segments that
require site-specific criteria development. Regions will assist States and Indian
tribes in collecting data and selecting appropriate methods and procedures for use
attainability analyses. Where necessary, Regions will help schedule and conduct
use attainability analyses and provide guidance, Agency data, and examples from
other States or Regions.
Regions will continue to provide guidance and assistance to States for develop-
ing assessments of lake water quality and integrating these assessments into overall
State Clean Water Strategies (SCWS) and Section 305(b) Reports. The Agency will
submit a report to Congress on State assessments of lake water quality. Regions
will manage existing grants to States for lake assessments and restorations.
In 1989, the Agency will use additional resources to promulgate and implement
final regulations identifying toxic pollutants in sludge, appropriate management
practices, and numerical limitations for 31 pollutants. Five technical support
documents will be prepared that address disposal options. Headquarters will prepare
guidance documents for each disposal option, and conduct two public hearings and
two seminars. A proposed regulation will be published to identify additional toxic
pollutants in sludge along with supporting technical documents. Efforts underway
to generate incinerator emissions data will continue and sludge risk assessment
methodologies and criteria documents for pathogens will be finalized. Regional and
State staffs will be trained to interpret and apply the regulations, guidance will
be developed on sludge testing and monitoring, and technical requirements will be
incorporated into SCWS.
WQ-47
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $6,959,50 0 supported by 92.8
total workyears for this program, of which $4,544,200 Is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,415,300 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The program continues to emphasize developing and Issuing criteria and
advisories for toxic and non-conventional pollutants concerning human health and
aquatic life, with emphasis on the human health effects of Ingesting aquatic.life
where bioaccumulation of toxics 1s of concern. Efforts are focused on reviewing
State adopted standards for consistency with regulations and guidance and aiding
Regions, States, and Indian tribes to Interpret and apply regulatory requirements
to Implement the surface water toxic control program.
Sludge regulations are scheduled to be proposed and will cover five reuse/
disposal options: land application, distribution and marketing, landfllUng, Incin-
eration, and ocean disposal. Five technical support documents are being prepared
that address disposal options. A risk assessment methodology for pathogens found
In sludge is being drafted and criteria documents are being Initiated. The program
is conducting an outreach program on the proposed sludge regulations and the pro-
posed technology-based pathogen reduction regulation. Education/Implementation
efforts with the States/Regions are being Initiated.
The Regions are working with the States and Indian tribes to (1) establish
technically sound, enforceable water quality standards as the basis for water
quality-based treatment controls; (2) conduct use attainability analyses and de-
velop site-specific criteria; (3) identify and adopt criteria for toxic pollutants
in State standards; and (4) clarify antidegradation policies and implementation
methods.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $7,087,700 supported by 85.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $4,187,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,900,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The program published 20 proposed/final freshwater and marine criteria and 30
advisories. EPA reviewed State adopted standards, completed use attainability
analyses, and updated toxic pollutant provisions in State standards and antidegra-
dation policies. Five quantitative chemical-by-chemical risk assessment method-
ologies for use and disposal of sewage sludge and qualitative risk assessment
methodologies for pathogenic organisms in sewage sludge were developed. In
addition, the Agency completed revisions of technology-based pathogen reduction
processes for Incorporation into the proposed sewage sludge rule.
WQ-48
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.*»
«o
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM.
Coastal Environment
Management
Salaries 4 Expenses $1,811.1 $2,377.1 $3,332.5 $3,332.5 $3,805.1 $472.6
Abatement Control and $9,593.4 $7,636.0 $7,636.0 $7,636.0 $11,378.5 $3,742.5
Compliance
TOTAL $11,404.5 $10,013.1 $10,968.5 $10,968.5 $15,183.6 $4,215.1
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
Salaries & Expenses $7,579.9 $7,753.4 $7,788.6 $7,788.6 $8,237.6 $449.0
Abatement Control and $4,794.3 $2,069.9 $2,399.9 $2,909.9 $6,659.9 $3,750.0
'Compliance
TOTAL $12,374.2 $9,823.3 $10,188.5 $10,698.5 $14,897.5 $4,199.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $9,391.0 $10,130.5 $11,121.1 $11,121.1 $12,042.7 $921.6
Abatement Control and $14,387.7 $9,705.9 $10,035.9 $10,545.9 $18,038.4 $7,492.5
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL $23,778.7 $19,836.4 $21,157.0 $21,667.0 $30,081.1 $8,414.1
Monitoring & Analysis
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment . 38.9 53.8 78.8 87.2 91.4 4.2
Management
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(
152.6
191.5
DOLLARS IN
158.2
212.0
THOUSANDS)
167.7
246.5
158.8
246.0
165.5
256.9
6.7
10.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment
Management
c Water Quality
*? Monitoring 4 Analysis
en
TOTAL WORKYEARS .
42.6
53.8
164.8 158.2
78.8
89.4
167.7 165.5
207.4 212.0 246.5 254.9
91.4
165.5
256.9
2.0
2.0
-------
WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,081,100 supported by 256.9 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $8,414,100 and an increase of 2.0 total workyears from
1988. Of the request, $12,042,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $18,038,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion, an Increase of $921,600 and $7,492,500 respectively.
Program Description
The Headquarters and Regional programs under this subactivity Include:
Coastal Environment Management This program integrates all Clean Water Act
(CWA) activities related to near coastal waters, including the National Estuary
Program and point source discharges to marine waters, marine discharge waivers,
and ocean discharge criteria evaluations. This program provides assistance to
support those State and local management activities required to protect or to
restore the estuarine zone and continental shelf ecosystems, Including water qual-
ity, balanced Indigenous populations of marine biota, and other beneficial uses
from the adverse impacts of toxic, nutrient, and other pollutants. These activities
include: 1) implementing the Agency's Near Coastal Waters strategic planning ini-
tiative, 2) supporting State and local projects in the National Estuary Program,
3) making determinations on 301{h) marine discharge waiver requests and monitoring
waiver recipient discharge impacts and permit compliance, and 4) evaluating all
ocean discharges against 403(c) criteria.
Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis -- This program supports biological,
chemical, and physical evaluations of water quality to assess water quality status
and trends, identify water quality problems and their causes, and determine cost-
effective levels of control required to meet local water quality objectives. The
program emphasizes effective technical guidance and assistance to the States,
which are primarily responsible for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting moni-
toring data. High priority is placed on new responsibilities imposed by the 1987
Water Quality Act, especially those related to identification, listing and control
of waters impaired by toxic pollutants. These activities and requirements are
authorized by Sections 104, 106, 303, 304, 305, 307, 319 and 402 of the CWA, as
amended.
COASTAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,183,600 supported by 91.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,805,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $11,378,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents increases of $472,600 in Salaries and Expenses and
$3,742,500 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and an increase of 2.0 total
workyears. The increases in Salaries and Expenses and total workyears are to
support an expansion of the Gulf of Mexico Initiative. The increase in Abatement,
Control, and Compliance is to continue support for the twelve estuary projects in
the National Estuary Program by offsetting a reduction of $3,830,000 from 1988 in
funds available from the Section 205(1) construction grants set-aside.
For the Near Coastal Waters (NCWs) initiative, the Agency will continue to
conduct a national baseline survey of the conditions of all NCWs to better define
WQ-51
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environmental problems and Identify waters needing management attention. Resources
will be provided to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and
other Federal agencies for the second phase of the baseline survey. Additional
pilot projects will be selected to develop Innovative management techniques. In
1989, a national network will be initiated to exchange information on NCW problems
and management tools, and Information on estuary programs, including Chesapeake
Bay, and the Great Lakes and NCWs pilot projects. This network will link coastal
Regions and States, local governments, other Federal agencies, and public and
private groups. The Agency will also continue support for the Institutional frame-
work for a near coastal initiative in the Gulf of Mexico, and add support for
resource characterization and assessment activities in 1989.
The National Estuary Program, authorized through Section 320 of the CWA, will
continue providing management, administrative, and technical support and oversight
to twelve estuary projects, Including the six existing projects San Francisco Bay,
Albemarle-Pamlico Sounds, Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound, Puget Sound, and
Buzzards Bay. Six new projects, being designated in 1988, will have Management
Conferences convened for their Planning Initiative stage.
The Agency, through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) delegated States, will begin to address the larger universe of point source
discharges to estuaries to reduce pollutant loadings having Impacts on estuaries
and near coastal waters. The 301(h) program will be 1n an operational mode with
its focus on the evaluation of monitoring programs to ensure the integrity of the
programs and permit reissuance. The Regions will make final waiver determinations
for the remaining first round applications, and preliminary work will be completed
to reissue permits which expire in 1990, Including the new requirement for secondary
treatment equivalency determinations. To implement the new requirements of the CWA,
the Agency will issue draft 301(h) revised regulations, final guidance on Marine
Sanitation Devices, and final technical guidance on secondary equivalency for toxics
removal. The Agency will continue to provide technical assistance for implementa-
tion of new national guidance on compliance with 403(c) requirements and development
of programs to conduct Ocean Discharge Criteria Evaluations (ODCEs).
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,968,500 supported by 89.4
total workyears for this program, of which $3,332,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,636,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. The National Estuary Program activities are also supported by
$7,680,000 provided through the 205(1) construction grant set-aside.
In addition to ongoing estuarine activities, the Agency 1s beginning an assess-
ment of all NCWs to determine environmental status and water quality trends, and
to identify NCWs needing management attention. In a parallel effort, three pilot
projects are being conducted in coastal and marine areas to test Innovative solutions
for identified major environmental problems.
The Agency is also establishing an institutional framework for a near coastal
initiative for the Gulf of Mexico to identify and address priority environmental
water quality and related problems. The Gulf Initiative will allow the Agency to
undertake integrated planning and to target geographically a multitude of Federal
and non-federal resources and regulatory powers to address serious pollution
problems in the Gulf.
The National Estuary Program will be expanded to twelve projects by the end
of 1988. Six of these projects are ongoing the Buzzards Bay project is beginning
WQ-52
-------
to Implement Its Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP); the Narra-
gansett Bay, Long Island Sound, and Puget Sound projects are developing their CCMPs;
and the Albemarle-Pamlloo Sounds and San Francisco Bay projects are developing
their Problem Definition/Characterization work. State/EPA Conference Agreements
have been negotiated for each ongoing project. These Agreements document the need
to convene a Management Conference and establish a schedule for meeting the purposes
and requirements of Section 320.
A number of estuary project proposals are being evaluated, Including the six
remaining estuaries designated 1n Section 320 for "priority consideration" New
York-New Jersey Harbor, Delaware Bay, Delaware Inland Bays, Sarasota Bay, Galveston
Bay, and Santa Monica Bay. The six new projects being selected In 1988 to begin
"start-up" Planning Initiative activities, will result from decisions to convene
Management Conferences based on the Agency's evaluation of Governor's nominations,
as provided in Section 320. Resources support the Increased emphasis required for
conducting pollutant load assessments and completing assessments of status and
trends. Systemwlde monitoring 1s being developed in each program to determine the
environmental effectiveness of actions taken, which is also a new requirement.
Priority action plans that have been approved by Management Conferences will receive
implementation assistance using 205(1) set-aside resources.
Program guidance is being developed by the Agency for a number of activities
Including Governor's Nominations procedures, technology transfer manuals, a Program
Primer, a Financial Management Primer, and a Management Handbook. A Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) with NOAA 1s being developed to Implement Section 320(j) regard-
ing estuarine .research and management.
The Agency is continuing to provide technical support for the review of the
301{h) marine discharge monitoring programs. Most first round application waiver
decisions are to be completed by the end of 1988, and waiver recipients will begin
implementing required water quality monitoring programs. The focus of the program
is shifting to the management and analysis of monitoring data from waiver recipients,
and meeting the statutory requirement for determinations of secondary equivalency
for toxics. The Agency 1s also continuing to support the preparation of 403(c)
ODCEs for general permits for offshore oil and gas facilities. ODCEs for other
NPDES marine dischargers are being determined by a national assessment and priority
ranking based on environmental impacts. Technical assistance will be provided
nationally for preparation of selected evaluations.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $11,404,500 supported by 42.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,811,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,593,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. The National Estuary Program was also supported by $3,870,000 provided
through the 205(1) construction grant set-aside.
The Agency's ongoing estuary program was formally authorized under Section
320 of the amended CWA and a number of new program procedures and requirements
were established for the program. A priority focus of the program was to ensure
that six ongoing estuary projects were brought into compliance with the new legis-
lation while progress on these projects continued under existing work plans. In
1987, the National Estuary Program placed increased emphasis on technology transfer
through completing and distributing a program guidance manual and developing a
handbook which describes management strategies that have been successfully imple-
mented in selected estuaries. Increased coordination with other Federal agencies
included interagency agreements with the Department of the Interior's programs,
expansion of NOAA support activities in the two new estuary programs (Albemarle-
Pamlico Sounds and San Francisco Bay), and work with the U.S. Geological Survey
in estimating pollutant loadings to estuaries and near coastal waters.
WQ-53
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Support was provided for work by NOAA on water quality status and trends in
Long Island Sound. This provided Increased Information on toxic contaminant levels
In sediments and living resources, links between pollutant loadings and observed
effects, and modeling. Support was also provided for efforts 1n the NCW strategic
planning Initiative to assess susceptibility of near coastal waters to pollution,
Including Indicators of environmental stress and guidance to EPA Regions and States
on assessing problems 1n these waters.
.In 1987, the 301(h) final decision-making on waiver applications was accel-
erated to assure that the maximum feasible number of waiver decisions were com-
pleted 1n compliance with the National Municipal Policy. Waiver recipients also
Implemented their monitoring programs and began to submit monitoring data to the
Agency for analysis and determlnlnation of permit compliance. For 403(c) QDCEs,
technical support was provided during 1987 to the Regions for general NPOES permit
Issuance to offshore oil and gas facilities.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,897,500 supported by 165.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,237,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,659,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an Increase of $449,000 and $3,750,000 respectively,
and no change 1n total workyears. The Increase In Salaries and Expenses reflects
full year funding of additional workyears provided 1n 1988 to Implement the Water
Quality Act (WQA). The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance 1s necessary
to address increased program activities mandated by the WQA.
In 1989, a number of new activities will be conducted in the water quality
monitoring and analysis program. Headquarters will Issue guidance for targetting
geographic areas for human health and aquatic life hazard Identification, and will
assist the Regions and States to develop clean water and individual toxic control
strategies. Headquarters will assist the Regions to develop lists of waters im-
paired by toxics and other problems as required by new Section 304(1) of the Clean
Water Act (CWA) and to review and approve the exposure and risk assessment (e.g.,
total maximum daily 1 pads/waste!oad allocations (TMDL/WLA)) portions of State
toxics control strategies. EPA will also devote additional resources to conduct
exposure and risk assessments at 20 geographic locations for toxic pollutants that
are the most likely candidates for effluent guidelines, 307(a)(l) listing, or other
regulatory action.
Headquarters will Issue guidance for the use of exposure and risk assessments
to reduce or eliminate water quality Impacts and conduct risk management and risk
communication programs; continue to Implement the nationwide 305(b) Waterbody Sys-
tem and other water quality data management systems for implementation of Regional
and State monitoring and toxic control activities in surface waters; complete the
National Bioaccumulation Study; and design the 1990 National Fisheries Survey to
evaluate changes and trends in water quality since the 1982 National Fisheries
Survey. Technical guidance and assistance will be provided to Regions and States
for upgrading Section 304(1) lists of waters needing water quality-based controls
for toxic pollutants, developing the exposure and risk assessment portions of
individual control strategies for such waters, and approving or disapproving State
submissions under Section 304(1). Headquarters will conduct workshops and seminars
for the Regions and States on risk assessment and management, and provide technical
support for conducting .ambient and effluent biosurvey/bioassays and interpreting
results to assess human health and aquatic life exposure and risk.
The Regions will use the additional resources requested to work with States on
clean water and toxic control strategies, develop technical procedures to Identify
hazards to aquatic life from toxic pollutants, and perform additional exposure and
WQ-54
-------
risk assessments. These assessments will be the basis for reducing risk 1n State
Clean Water Strategies (SCWS), Individual toxic control strategies, or other State
remedial actions. Regions will work with States to ensure full Implementation of
the 305{b) Waterbody System and data completeness and consistency as required for
SCWS and the 1990 Section 305(b) reporting cycle.
The Regions will also work with the States to Implement the technical monitoring
procedures and methods developed In response to the Office of Water Surface Water
Monitoring Study. Regions will continue to participate in special national studies
on human health risk from the consumption of contaminated fish, the 1990 National
Fisheries Survey, and the effectiveness of Best Available Technology (BAT) for
Improving water quality. Work will continue to develop and Improve Regional and
State surface water monitoring, assessment, and quality assurance procedures. The
Regions will assist States to expand their surface water monitoring data base for
hazard Identification to Include newly-generated data on human health and aquatic
life risks. With this monitoring data, Regions will work with the States to devel-
op exposure and risk assessments on geographic areas Identified as potentially
hazardous to human health and aquatic life. Based on these risk assessments,
States will develop risk management options to reduce risk and produce environmen-
tal benefits for Incorporation Into State clean water and toxic control strategies.
1988 Program
The Agency 1s allocating a total of $10,698,500 supported by 165.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,788,600 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,909,900 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In 1988, Headquarters 1s continuing to provide data and analyses to implement
water quality-based controls as Regions .and States identify more complex toxic
water quality problems and complete exposure and risk assessments (TMDL/WLA) neces-
sary to develop and implement individual control strategies. Headquarters is also
conducting hazard identification activities and special studies on (1) bioaccum-
ulative pollutants 1n fish and shellfish, (2) water quality improvements due to
implementation of BAT and water quality-based controls, and (3) the effect of dams
on water quality.
In 1988, Regional priorities are to assist States in surface water monitoring
to identify hazards to aquatic life from point and nonpoint pollution sources and
complete toxic exposure and risk assessments. Exposure and risk assessments (TMDL/
WLA) are being used to help develop individual toxic control strategies consistent
with SCWS. Regions are responsible for reviewing and approving State lists of
waters used for hazard Identification and State exposure/risk assessments and con-
trol strategies used In risk management. In addition, the Regions conduct workshops
and provide technical assistance to increase State capabilities in surface water
monitoring, exposure assessment, and risk management. The Regions are completing
the investigation of sediment contamination problems to evaluate new pollutants
for Section 307(a){l) listing or other risk management activities under Sections
303, 304, 319, and 402. The Regions are assisting Headquarters to complete special
studies on the effects of BAT on water quality, water quality impacts below dams,
and water quality impacts from de minimis dischargers.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $12,374,200 supported by 164.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,579,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,794,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
WQ-55
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In 1987, Headquarters provided guidance, data, and analyses to help Identify
waters and Implement water quality-based controls, particularly for toxics as
required by Section 304(1). Headquarters designed and began implementing the
waterbody system, revised Section 305(b) guidelines that emphasize Identification
of toxics and nonpoint sources and increase the consistency and usefulness of
State reports, conducted sampling for the bioaccumulation study, and completed the
Surface Water Monitoring Study. Exposure and risk assessments (TMDL/WLA) were
used to develop control strategies for Implementing risk management and risk com-
munication activities as part of the SCWS to mitigate risk and produce environ-
mental benefits.
Regions made advance preparations for reviewing and approving State lists of
waters used for hazard identification and State exposure/risk assessments and
control strategies used in risk management, as required by Section 304(1). Regions
conducted workshops and provided technical assistance to States in surface water
monitoring, exposure assessments, and risk management.
WQ-56
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Salaries & Expenses $20,153.5 $21,076.9 $20,204.8 $20,204.8 $21.459.3 $1,254.5
Abatement Control and $32,934.8 $18,828.4 $36,828.4 $36.678.4 $20,328.4-$16,350.0
Compliance
TOTAL $53,088.3 $39,905.3 $57,033.2 $56,883.2 $41,787.7-$15,095.5
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
Salaries & Expenses $1,321.2 $1,573.4 $1,494.8 $1,494.8 $1,587.0 $92.2
TOTAL $1,321.2 $1,573.4 $1,494.8 $1.494.8 $1,587.0 $92.2
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $21,474.7 $22,650.3 $21,699.6 $21,699.6 $23,046.3 $1,346.7
Abatement Control and $32,934.8 $18,828.4 $36,828.4 $36,678.4 $20,328.4-$16,350.0
Compliance
Municipal Source TOTAL $54,409.5 $41,478.7 $58,528.0 $58,378.0 $43,374.7-$15,003.3
Control
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste 426.9 457.7 457.7 416.5 447.6 31.1
Treatment Facility
Construction
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
1
VI
oo
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
27.4 31.5 31.5 30.8 31.5 .7
454.3 489.2 489.2 447.3 479.1 31.8
469.1 457.7 457.7 447.6 447.6
30.0 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS 499.1 489.2 489.2 479.1 479.1
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WATER QUALITY
Municipal Source Control
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $43/374,700 supported by 479.1 total workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $15,003,300 from 1988. Of the request, $23,046,300 will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $20,328,400 will be for the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $1,346,700 and a
decrease of $16,350,000 respectively.
Program Description
The Headquarters and Regional programs under this subactivity include:
Municipal Haste Treatment Facility Construction This program includes most
of the management activities associated with the construction grants and new State
Revolving Fund (SRF) programs in Headquarters and the Regional offices. The pro-
gram's principal tasks are to assure an effective transition to State SRF programs
and local self-sufficiency, manage grants to protect public health priorities, and
implement improved publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) technologies. Abatement,
Control and Compliance resources primarily support an interagency agreement with
the Corps of Engineers (COE) to provide a range of construction management and
training activities to assure the technical and fiscal integrity of wastewater
treatment construction.
Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance This program focuses primarily
on development of State programs to ensure that POTWs are operated and maintained
effectively to meet effluent requirements and protect public investments in waste-
water treatment facilities.
MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $41,787,700 supported by 447.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $21,459,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $20,328,400 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $1,254,500 and a decrease of $16,350,000,
respectively, and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses is due to increased personnel costs. The decrease in Abatement, Control
and Compliance reflects the completion of projects conducted in 1988 with addition-
al funds provided for operator training grants, the San Diego wastewater treatment
demonstration project, and Boston Harbor cleanup.
1989 will be a critical year for the program with a maximum SRF Implementation
effort and significant continuing responsibility for the management and oversight
of almost 5,000 ongoing construction grants projects. The program's principal task
will be to satisfy needs for SRF program development and implementation assistance
while assuring effective Federal and State management of the construction grants
program.
.Since Title VI requires States to commit 1989 funds to SRFs, essentially all
States are expected to submit capitalization grant applications. Major efforts
will be required to effectively review State applications, negotiate payment sched-
ules and award initial grants. With contractor support, Regions and States will
receive SRF training workshops, information and assistance for development, imple-
mentation and oversight.
WQ-59
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Traditional construction grants management and State oversight responsibilities
will remain significant activities during 1989. The Agency will act primarily as
overall program manager, while the States and COE will perform most project manage-
ment activities. EPA will continue to monitor State delegation status and perform
the remaining nondelegated project management responsibilities. In addition, imple-
mentation of new construction grants provisions, including grants to Indian tribes,
will continue. The funds requested for the COE Interagency Agreement (IAG) will
purchase 280 workyears of effort to provide construction management assistance to
EPA and the States. The 1988 Needs Survey will be issued, and work will be underway
on the 1990 Needs Survey.
The program will emphasize a unified approach to POTW toxics management by
improving RCRA/Superfund coordination in treating wastes from sites addressed under
those programs. POTW technologies and Operation and Maintenance (O&M) approaches
will be evaluated and information disseminated to States, POTWs and architect/
engineering firms on the effectiveness of Innovative/alternative (I/A) as well as
conventional treatment technologies. To support local self-sufficiency, especially
among small communities that need construction, EPA will widely disseminate infor-
mation on cost- and environmentally-effective treatment technologies and local
financial approaches. Significant ongoing financial support (from Section 104(q))
to the Small Flows Clearinghouse will contribute to a much expanded community
outreach assistance program.
The technical reports to Congress on sulfide corrosion and rainfall-induced
infiltration of sewers will be completed. The Agency will target funds requested
for operator training to selected States that have developed comprehensive programs
and are providing the most effective on-site compliance assistance to small communi-
ties. Activities associated with management of the operator training program are
described in the Operations and Maintenance program element.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating $56,883,200 supported by 447.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $20,204,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $36,678,400 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA is implementing the Title VI requirements for establishment of self-
sufficient SRF programs and other new statutory initiatives. Guidance, regulations,
and training are being provided to States and Regions for development, implementa-
tion and oversight of SRFs. An SRF mission contract 1s providing training work-
shops, assistance in developing State capitalization grant agreements and programs,
and Information on local financing approaches.
As a result of the increase of actual 1987 and 1988 construction grants appro-
priations above the requested levels, the Agency anticipates over 600 new project
starts in addition to roughly 5,500 active projects. This workload continues to
require significant EPA oversight and project management resources. The Agency
is allocating $15,500,000 to the COE for 290 workyears of construction management
support. New construction grants statutory programs are being implemented,
including those for Indian tribes, accelerated disputes resolutions, and "turnkey"
projects. The Indian Needs Survey will be submitted to Congress, and the 1988
Needs Surveys is being completed. Headquarters and three Regions will review
proposed Advanced Treatment (AT) projects with incremental costs over $3,000,000;
three additional Regions will begin trial delegation of these AT reviews.
Technologies evaluations and information transfer for both I/A and convention-
al designs are continuing as POTWs become an increasingly important means for toxics
control. Results of the I/A technology programs, including successful technologies,
field tests of innovative designs, and failed technologies for modification and
replacement grants, are being disseminated. The Agency is promoting State programs
WQ-60
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of financial and technological Information and assistance to small communities and
expanding the Small Flows Clearinghouse.
Required technical reports to Congress are underway. Reports scheduled for
completion in 1988 Include the municipal lagoon study and effectiveness of the I/A
program. The Agency 1s targeting the funds allocated for operator training grants
to States to continue providing on-site compliance assistance to small communities
and developing integrated compliance programs. Activities to begin the Boston Har-
bor cleanup and conduct a wastewater treatment demonstration project in San Diego
are being initiated as directed by Congress.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $53,088,300 supported by 469.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $20,153,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $32,934,800 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
EPA provided SRF program development Information and implementation assistance
to States. The SRF mission contract provided for State/Regional training workshops
and program development. Guidance on outreach to small communities was developed
and information on cost- and environmentally-effective technologies was dissemi-
nated.
The Agency continued to monitor State program management and to perform non-
delegated program management activities. The 1986 Needs Survey was transmitted to
Congress, and work was initiated on the Indian and 1988 Needs Surveys. Proposed
guidance was issued to implement new CWA requirements, and a streamlined disputes/
deviations process was developed. The $16,759,300 obligated for the Corps of
Engineers IAG purchased 298 workyears of support to EPA and the States to ensure
technical and fiscal integrity of construction projects. Regions IV, V and VI
continued to perform delegated AT reviews of projects with incremental costs over
$3,000,000. Pilot delegation was proposed for Regions I, II and III.
An integrated approach to POTW management through coordination with RCRA/
Superfund was initiated. As part of the technologies evaluation role, EPA conducted
field tests of innovative designs. Revised secondary treatment regulations were
proposed, and work was initiated on required technical reports to Congress. Work
continued to develop improved sludge management programs. The Agency targeted funds
allocated for operator training to States for programs providing on-site compliance
assistance to small communities and developing integrated State compliance programs.
WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,587,000 supported by 31.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $92,200 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total workyears. The increase reflects increased personnel costs.
Stable staffing, together with the resources requested to continue operator
training grants under the Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities Construction program,
reflect the Agency's commitment to the development of effective State operations and
maintenance (O&M) and operator training programs, and support to improved minor
municipal facilities compliance.
State and EPA Regional staff will continue to provide on-site compliance assist-
ance and operator training at minor POTWs. Operator training grants will be pro-
vided to States which have developed comprehensive municipal compliance programs.
WQ-61
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EPA will promote Improved local user charge and financial management systems,
Identification of O&M compliance problems through effective diagnostic evaluation
and laboratory quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) programs, Improved O&M
assistance practices, and achievement of post-1988 municipal compliance priorities.
In addition, the program will provide guidance, Information and oversight to assist
the States and communities to strengthen local O&M programs for Improved sludge,
toxics, and Innovative/Alternative and conventional technologies management.
EPA will continue to recognize superior facilities through enhancements to its
national and Regional Operation and Maintenance Excellence Awards programs. Staff
will review project performance certifications submitted by new facilities and
monitor needs and corrective actions. Coordination of national water quality and
RCRA training programs will be maintained.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,494,800 supported by 31.5
total workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Information and guidance are being issued to encourage State on-site O&M
assistance programs and other State O&M assistance and operator training activities
funded under §§104(g), 106 and 205(g). States and EPA Regions expect to provide
on-site O&M assistance to 565 small communities. EPA 1s conducting a program to
train on-site inspectors to diagnose and assist resolution of small communities'
financial and user charge system problems where these contribute to O&M and permit
compliance problems. EPA is also studying factors limiting plant performance in
small communities and will report its findings to State and local officials and the
architect and engineering community. EPA plans to update information on the status
of State O&M assistance and training programs, especially legislation and funding
for development and implementation of expanded State programs.
EPA is expanding the O&M Excellence Awards program to recognize model non-
discharging facilities. EPA plans to make 80 Regional awards and eight national
awards. The Agency will produce a video on O&M management factors contributing to
outstanding plant performance and issue a brochure of success stories emphasizing
innovative approaches to problem solving for State and local officials and plant
operators. Staff are reviewing project performance certifications, implementing
minor POTW QA/QC programs and assisting the development and implementation of a
national RCRA program training initiative.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $1,321,200 supported by 30.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
EPA and the States provided on-site compliance assistance to 662 small commu-
nities and 531 returned to compliance. Over 2,600 plants have been assisted to
date, with over 1,500 having returned to compliance and most of the others operating
with improved performance. Implementing its successful O&M Excellence Awards
program, the Agency made 54 Regional and 6 national awards recognizing outstanding
facilities. EPA distributed the results of two studies concerning cost-effective
O&M practices and use of contractors for O&M management.
WQ-62
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
ENFORCEMENT
Water Quality Enforcement WO-64
Water Quality Permit Issuance WQ-69
WQ-63
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WATER QUALITY
Wa.ter Quality Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Water Quality
Enforcement
Salaries 4 Expenses $16,562.6 $18,273.8 $17,742.7 $17,742.7 $18,835.8 $1,093.1
Abatement Control and $5,731.7 $1,607.0 $1,607.0 $1,657.0 $1,607.0 -$50.0
Compliance
TOTAL $22,294.3 $19,880.8 $19,349.7 $19,399.7 $20,442.8 $1,043.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $16,562.6 $18,273,8 $17,742.7 $17,742.7 $18,835.8 $1,093.1
K Abatement Control and $5,731.7 $1,607.0 $1,607.0 $1,657.0 $1,607.0 -$50.0
"*? Compliance
2 Water Quality TOTAL $22,294.3 $19,880.8 $19,349.7 $19,399.7 $20,442.8 $1,043.1
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality 374.0 399.8 418.2 385.2 408.3 23.1
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 374.0 399.8 418.2 385.2 408.3 23.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality 403.2 399.8 418.2 408.3 408.3
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 403.2 399.8 418.2 408.3 408.3
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Enforcement
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,442,800 supported by 408.3 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,043,100 from 1988. Of the request, $18.835,800 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,607,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $1,093,100 for Salaries and
Expenses and a decrease of $50,000 for Abatement, Control and Compliance.
Program Description
Water Quality Enforcement The Headquarters and Regional staffs of the
NationalPollutantDischarge Elimination System (NPDES) enforcement program
(including pretreatment) assure the compliance of municipal and industrial per-
mittees with NPDES requirements through a program of monitoring and inspections,
administrative enforcement, and technical support of judicial enforcement actions.
Major activities include the 1) inspection of permittees, including industrial
users of publicly-owned treatment works, 2) review of permittee monitoring data,
3) maintenance of a national data system, 4) identification and evaluation for
appropriate follow-up of permittees in noncompllance, and 5) initiation of informal
and formal enforcement actions to ensure compliance. Where informal negotiations
and administrative enforcement actions do not result in compliance, cases are
referred for judicial action and appropriate technical support is provided.
In addition to the NPDES portion of the water quality enforcement program,
administrative and technical support is provided for the issuance of administrative
enforcement actions for violations of Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure
Plan requirements. Referrals are made to the U.S. Coast Guard for civil penalty
assessment for oil and hazardous substance spill violations (Section 311(b)(6)(A))
in waters where EPA has jurisdiction.
WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $20,442,800 supported by 408.3 total -workyears
for this program, of which $18,835,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,607,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,093,100 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, a decrease of $50,000 for the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The increase in
Salaries and Expenses is due to increased personnel costs.
EPA will give priority to the control of toxic discharges through final imple-
mentation of the National Municipal Policy (NMP), enforcement of pretreatment
requirements primarily against publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs), but also
against some industrial users and compliance assessment and enforcement of Best
Available Technology (BAT) and water quality-based permits.
i By 1989, approximately 85 percent of the 1,500 major NMP facilities will be in
compliance or will be on schedules set through judicial action which extend beyond
July 1988. The remaining task in 1989 will be to establish judicially set schedules
for facilities which failed to comply with schedules and thus missed the statutory
deadline. Many of these actions will be taken by approved States; however, EPA
expects to take action against approximately 100 major facilities. EPA will also
complete setting schedules for minor permittees with significant impacts on water
WQ-65
-------
quality which need construction to meet the statutory deadline. Administrative
penalties and judicial referrals will be used where these permittees fall to
comply with schedules. For those POTWs which have completed construction, EPA
will monitor compliance with permit limits and use either administrative or judi-
cial enforcement to address noncompllance.
For pretreatment, the enforcement program will continue to emphasize: 1) over-
sight of delegated State programs; 2) assuring that local control authorities comply
with the provisions of their approved programs; and 3) assuring the compliance of
Industrial users, especially where there Is no local control authority or approved
State. EPA assesses compliance of local control authorities through the conduct of
pretreatment Inspections and the review of annual reports submitted by these authori-
ties. Pretreatment inspections will be conducted and annual reports will be reviewed
in all of the approved programs 1n nondelegated States. EPA will apply established
criteria to Identify POTWs who fall to Implement their approved pretreatment programs
and will give priority to taking enforcement action, Including frequent use of
administrative penalties, against this universe. Enforcement action may be taken
directly against industrial users (IDs) where the POTW has tried and failed to secure
the compliance of the IU, but 1s otherwise adequately implementing Its program.
Where there is no local control authority or approved State, EPA is responsible
for assuring that lUs comply with pretreatment standards. The water quality enforce-
ment program will continue to Identify these industrial users, monitor compliance
through review of semi-annual reports, and conduct Inspections where environmental
harm 1s suspected. Direct enforcement action will be taken in serious cases of
noncompllance.
In 1989, the Improved Permit Compliance System (PCS) will be used for automated
review of Discharge Monitoring Reports and the production of Quarterly NoncompHance
Reports. Full implementation of this capability will result 1n compliance assess-
ment being done on a uniform basis throughout the nation. EPA will develop a
graphics component and other information management techniques to facilitate the
integration and exchange of data with other automated systems.
Regions will maintain effective inspection programs by conducting 1,900 inspec-
tions of municipal and industrial permittees, giving emphasis to evaluating compli-
ance with toxics controls. Regions will also emphasize a "timely and appropriate"
enforcement response In all cases of significant noncompllance. Continued technical
support will be provided for approximately 100 cases initiated in previous years but
not yet settled, many of which will be NMP cases. New enforcement efforts against
industrial sources will focus on those industries with toxics controls in their
permits. Other non-NPDES administrative enforcement activities will include support
for oil and hazardous materials spill penalty assessment, and Spill Prevention
Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) inspections and enforcement.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $19,399,700 supported by 408.3
total workyears for this program, of which $17,742,700 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,657,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The enforcement program is continuing to emphasize maintenance of high levels of
compliance by all permittees, with special attention to municipal permittees; an
effective compliance monitoring and inspection program to verify levels of compli-
ance; Initiation and maintenance of a pretreatment compliance monitoring and
enforcement program; and the maintenance of PCS to provide for report preparation
and tracking.
WQ-66
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Implementation of the NMP remains the highest priority. This policy requires
that all municipalities that are In noncompl1ance because of needed construction
be put on enforceable schedules that will assure compliance by the July 1988 statu-
tory deadline. In 1988, the Agency Is acting primarily 1n nondelegated States
to enforce schedules through the Issuance of an administrative penalty order or
the Initiation of a referral for civil judicial action. Schedules are being estab-
lished for most of the minor permittees with water quality Impacts. All major
municipal permittees In nondelegated States that need corrective action because of
operation and maintenance problems are also being addressed. In those cases where
NPDES States do not establish enforceable schedules for municipalities needing
them, EPA Is Initiating action to establish or enforce these schedules.
The major direction of the pretreatment program Is to assure compliance at
the 1,500 POTWs with approved pretreatment programs by taking enforcement action
where appropriate. The Agency takes judicial action against noncomplylng POTWS and
also Initiates judicial actions against a number of Industries which have failed to
Install necessary treatment to meet categorical standards. The pretreatment com-
pliance monitoring program Includes the Inspection of all POTWs and a significant
number of IUs, 1n addition to the review of all POTW annual reports.
In conjunction with Headquarters, the Regions have Improved and expanded their
compliance enforcement data management capabilities through the use of the PCS.
In 1988 all EPA Regions are beginning to produce Quarterly Noncompllance Reports on
an automated basis and will begin entry of data to the Pretreatment Permits and
Enforcement Tracking System. EPA 1s also testing the feasibility of data entry
through use of an optical character reader.
Regions emphasize using the new administrative penalty authority in appropriate
cases. This authority is being used in all categories .of noncomplying permittees
and in conjunction with orders requiring corrective action. Regions are continuing
to respond to all cases of significant noncompllance with enforcement action, where
necessary, and are addressing nearly all cases of industrial noncompliance. Inspec-
tions are being used to verify the compliance status of municipal and industrial
permittees, with all majors Inspected annually. Non-NPDES administrative enforce-
ment activities include Section 404 Inspections and support for oil and hazardous
materials spill penalty assessment and SPCC inspections and enforcement.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $22,294,300 supported by 408.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $16,562,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,731,700 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
During 1987, implementation of the National Municipal Policy was the highest
priority. All but 23 of the major municipalities needing construction to comply
with the Clean Water Act were placed on enforceable construction schedules. Enforce-
able construction schedules have also been established for approximately 80 percent
of the minor municipal facilities needing schedules. Judicial action was initiated
against 26 POTWs as a means of establishing these schedules. Approximately 100
major NMP facilities came into compliance in 1987, and about one-third of the NMP
universe is now in full compliance.
Pretreatment activity focused on monitoring the compliance of approved programs
and bringing enforcement actions against noncomplying POTWs and lUs. EPA conducted
a total of 598 pretreatment inspections and referred 16 judicial actions to the
Department of Justice. Additionally, EPA issued 126 administrative orders and 2
administrative penalty orders for violation of pretreatment requirements. A pre-
treatment data tracking system was developed as a component of PCS.
WQ-67
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Contract resources were used to support and maintain the PCS national data
system which tracks the performance of all major permittees, and to provide tech-
nical support for judicial enforcement actions and conduct Inspections of municipal
and industrial permittees. In addition, contract funds were used to train Regional
and State personnel in monitoring and Inspection techniques, train POTWs with
pretreatment programs to enforce pretreatment requirements, and develop software
to assist POTWs in assessing III performance.
In 1987, 16 percent of major municipal permittees on final effluent limits
were in significant noncompl1ance and 9 percent of non-municipal permittees were
in significant noncompllance. These levels were very close to the levels of sig-
nificant noncompllance in the preceding year.
The Regions conducted approximately 2,577 compliance inspections and Issued
1,002 administrative orders. EPA also Issued 20 administrative penalty orders,
although the new authority was not Implemented until late in the year. EPA Regions
also reviewed self-monitoring reports for all major dischargers from non-NPDES
States. Regional support was provided for the development of 92 civil judicial
actions which were referred to Headquarters for review.
Enforcement of Section 311 oil and hazardous substance spill requirements
Included 81 referrals to the U.S Coast Guard for assessment of civil penalties and
50 administrative actions for violations of SPCC plan requirements. Enforcement of
Section 404 provisions focused on Identifying Illegal discharges of dredge and fill
material and administrative actions were taken for 22 Section 404 violations.
WQ-68
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Permit Issuance
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$10,987.6 $13,285.4 $13,163.3 $13,163.3 $13,976.4 $813.1
$4,358.7 $3,228.7 $4,828.7 $5,328.7 $8,028.7 $2,700.0
TOTAL $15,346.3 $16,514.1 $17,992.0 $18,492.0 $22,005.1 $3,513.1
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$10,987.6 $13,285.4 $13,163.3 $13,163.3 $13,976.4 $813.1
$4,358.7 $3,228.7 $4,828.7 $5,328.7 $8,028.7 $2,700.0
Water Quality Permit TOTAL $15,346.3 $16,514.1 $17,992.0 $18,492.0 $22,005.1 $3,513.1
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
256.5
256.5
295.7
295.7
349.6
349.6
326.8
326.8
343.2
343.2
16.4
16.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance
TOTAL WORKYEARS
273.8
273.8
295.7
295.7
349.6
349.6
343.2
343.2
343.2
343.2
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WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,005,100 supported by 343.2 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $3,513,100 from 1988. Of the request, $13,976,400 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,028,700 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $813,100 and $2,700,000,
respectively.
Program Description
Permit Issuance The Clean Water Act authorizes a National Pollutant DIs-
charge Elimination System '(NPDES) permit program to reduce or eliminate point source
pollution. The discharge of pollutants Into waters of the United States by point
sources 1s prohibited unless in compliance with an NPDES permit. At present, 38
States and one Territory have approved NPDES programs. EPA Issues NPDES permits in
the remaining jurisdictions.
The NPDES program 1s currently focused on the control of discharges of toxic
pollutants and hazardous wastes through water quality-based and technology-based
limits in NPDES permits, implementation of the pretreatment program for indirect
discharges to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), and approval and oversight
of local and State pretreatment programs. A total of 25 States are approved to
implement pretreatment programs.
The NPDES program also allows permittees and Interested parties to request
evidentiary hearings on permits and variances from certain effluent limitations.
PERMIT ISSUANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,005,100 supported by 343.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $13,976,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,028,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents Increases of $813,100 in Salaries and Expenses and
$2,700,000 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and no change in total workyears.
The Increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects full year funding of the workyears
provided 1n 1988 for Implementation of the Water Quality Act. The Increase in
Abatement, Control and Compliance will be used to revise NPDES and stormwater
regulations, complete stormwater studies mandated by Congress, review State sludge
programs, develop toxicity limits and individual control strategies, and implement
pretreatment controls.
During 1989, emphasis will be placed on Issuing or modifying permits to facil-
ities where surface water toxic assessments have been completed and toxic/toxicity
controls determined; issuing permits incorporating toxic/toxicity limits or biomo-
nitoring where surface water toxic assessments have not been completed but where
toxics problems have been identified; and issuing Best Available Technology (BAT)
permits to organic chemical facilities. During 1989, EPA will issue 235 major
Industrial permits and 175 major municipal permits. EPA will begin reviewing storm-
water applications from industries and large cities.
EPA will continue to review variance requests for fundamentally different
factors (PDF) from organic chemical and pesticide plants for direct/Indirect
WQ-70
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dischargers. EPA will collect and process fees for variance applications and
continue to resolve evidentiary hearing requests for more complex toxlc/toxlclty
pollutant limitations.
EPA will continue to review full and partial NPDES programs (Including those
of Indian tribes) and modifications to NPDES programs. In addition, the Agency
will assist In development of requests for sludge programs and review sludge program
requests. EPA will assist the NPDES States In Issuing and modifying permits to
Include toxlc/toxlclty controls and to Impose blomonltorlng requirements. EPA
will Issue NPDES permits which are required to fulfill individual control strategy
requirements under §304(1) where EPA has disapproved a NPDES State Individual
control strategy or where a NPDES State falls to submit an Individual control
strategy.
In 1989, EPA will modify local POTU pretreatment programs to Incorporate new
reporting requirements for hazardous waste dischargers and spill prevention and
other measures required 1n response to the Domestic Sewage Study (DSS). EPA will
assist POTWs to develop/modify categorical standards and local limits to control
toxics and hazardous pollutants 1n accordance with revised pretreatment regulations
and as required by Individual control strategies and changes in sludge disposal
standards. EPA will continue to conduct audits to determine If POTWs properly
evaluate and apply categorical standards, local limits and Issue control mechanisms
and followup as necessary. Guidance and contract assistance will be provided to
POTWs to Implement DSS regulations; revise/develop local limits to Include addi-
tional restrictive toxic pollutant limits, Including organlcs; conduct toxldty
reduction evaluations and assess toxldty related spills; apply organic chemical
categorical pretreatment standards; and conduct audits of approved POTW pretreat-
ment programs. Workshops and seminars will be provided on toxicity testing, bio-
monitoring and State/POTW pretreatment implementation.
The Agency will promulgate revisions to the NPDES regulation to reflect statu-
tory changes contained in the Water Quality Act of 1987 and Headquarters will promul-
gate changes to NPDES and General Pretreatment Regulations based on recommendations
of the DSS. State program and permitting regulations for sludge will also be
promulgated, and EPA will complete a Congresslonally required study to establish
procedures and methods to control stormwater discharges to mitigate their impacts
on water quality.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $18,492,000 supported by 343.2
total workyears for this program, of which $13,163,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,328,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1988, the Agency's focus is on establishing individual control strate-
gies where necessary for priority pollutants and whole effluent toxicity, in the
form of "third round" NPDES permits based on water quality standards. Permits are
being modified to incorporate BAT guidelines, Best Management Practices (BMP),
conditions based on biomonitoring and water quality studies, new technology-based
requirements and pretreatment implementation requirements. During 1988, EPA expects
to issue 329 major industrial and municipal permits. EPA is continuing to address
evidentiary hearing and variance requests.
During 1988, five States are expected to receive approval for pretreatment
authority, one State is expected to receive federal facility permitting authority,
and four States are expected to receive general permitting authority. This will
bring the totals to 30 pretreatment programs, 31 federal facility permitting pro-
grams, and 16 general permitting programs. EPA is reviewing existing sludge manage-
ment programs in the States and assisting the States to develop/modify their sludge
programs. EPA is conducting comprehensive assessments of State toxic control
WQ-71
-------
programs and working with NPDES States to develop detailed action plans to strengthen
their toxic control programs. EPA continues to assist NPDES States to Issue/modify
permits to Include new limitations for toxic pollutants and to develop Individual
control strategies. EPA 1s providing guidance and contract assistance on develop-
ment of Individual control strategies and evaluating State toxic control plans.
EPA 1s continuing to modify POTYf local pretreatment programs to address
additional toxic and hazardous pollutants and any episodes of pass through or
Interference. Guidance, contract assistance and workshops/seminars are being
provided for pretreatment Implementation, and EPA continues to audit POTW pretreat-
ment Implementation.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $15,346,300 supported by 273.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $10,987,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,358,700 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropria-
tion.
In 1987, contract resources were used to develop Individual control strategies,
evaluate State toxic control assessments, develop local limits and water quality-
based limits 1n POTW permits, conduct audits of approved local and NPDES State pre-
treatment programs, and develop NPDES programs and program modifications, especially
sludge programs. Workshops and seminars were held on pretreatment Implementation.
EPA Issued a total of 434 major permits, of which 276 were industrial and 158
were municipal. Additionally, a total of 1,612 permits were issued for minor
facilities.
In 1987 Utah received NPDES program approval, increasing the total number of
NPDES States to 39. _ .
During 1987, EPA performed 206 local pretreatment program audits and another
167 were performed by Pretreatment States.
WQ-72
-------
DRINKING WATER
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER DW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research DW-9
Scientific Assessment DW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance DW-15
Health Effects DW-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology DW-17
Environmental Processes and Effects DW-18
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-20
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-21
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance DW-24
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants DW-25
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-27
Special Studies & Demonstrations DW-28
Drinking Water Management DW-30
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-32
Underground Injection Control Program DW-34
Ground-Water Protection DW-37
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement DW-42
DW-1
-------
DRINKING WATER
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries ft Expenses $32,052.2 $38,220.9 $35,295.1 $35,295.1 $37,084.5 $1,789.4
Abatement Control and $57,601.7 $62,863.0 $60,213.0 $60,063.0 $54,863.0 -$5,200.0
Compliance
Research X Development $12,877.6 $13,766.2 $12,595.2 $12,225.2 $11.533.0 -$692.2
TOTAL, Drinking Water $102,531.5 $114,850.1 $108,103.3 $107,583.3 $103,480.5 -$4,102.8
0 PERMANENT WORKYEARS 679.2 696.6 699.7 695.3 700.9 5.6
f TOTAL WORKYEARS 691.6 752.7 746.1 746.1 746.1
>» OUTLAYS $97,284.1 $114,490.2 $95,690.0 $95,229.7 $98,666.4 $3,436.7
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986 reauthorized this program at
a level of $92,500.000 for 1988 and $99,020,000 for 1989.
-------
DRINKING WATER
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986 reaffirm the national
goal to assure that public water supplies are free of contamination that may pose
a human health risk and to protect and prevent the endangerment of ground-water
resources which serve as drinking water supplies. EPA's objectives are to reduce
human health risk by setting and implementing drinking water standards; build a
stronger State/public water system capacity to Implement and comply with regulatory
requirements; and prevent contamination of particularly valuable/vulnerable ground
water through wellhead protection activities, a classification system, and a com-
prehensive ground-water protection strategy.
The Amendments mandate revisions of existing contaminant standards, new stan-
dards for a host of chemical contaminants, and new regulatory provisions, such as
the ban on lead-content plumbing materials. This mandate requires substantial
further development of the Public Water Systems (PWS) regulatory framework and
reemphaslzes EPA's responsibility for setting drinking water contaminant levels
and ensuring enforcement. The Amendments also establish a new Initiative which
focuses specifically on ground-water resources. EPA's principal role in the Well-
head Protection (WHP) program is to provide technical assistance to States in
their activities to protect wells and the surrounding wellhead areas of public
water supply wells from anthropogenic contaminants which may have an adverse
effect on public health. In addition, the Underground Injection Control (UIC)
program.protects underground drinking water sources from contamination through
EPA/State regulation of underground injection practices.
The 1989 request focuses on obtaining the maximum health risk reduction of
drinking water/ground-water resources by 1) continuing to set standards for
drinking water contaminants, to establish a comprehensive risk reduction framework;
2) building State/PWS capacity to implement and comply with new regulatory require-
ments; 3) improving compliance in both the PWS and UIC programs with existing
requirements; 4) enhancing States' capabilities both to respond to and prevent
ground-water contamination through wellhead protection activities and support of
State ground-water protection strategies; and 5) continuing research and develop-
ment in support of establishing drinking water standards.
Drinking Water Standard-Setting
EPA's responsibility under the SDWA is to erect a comprehensive framework of
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) by regulating all contaminants
"known or anticipated to occur" in public water supplies that may have any adverse
human health effects. The ensuing implementation of primary standards provides a
reasonable certainty that water delivered to the public is free of contaminants at
levels that may harm people's health.
The SDWA Amendments set a 1989 deadline for establishing standards for at
least 83 specific contaminants, as well as mandates for specific treatment tech-
nology requirements (surface-water filtration). The development of NPDWRs involves
two distinct yet simultaneous steps: (1) for each contaminant determine a Maximum
Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), which represents a "level at which no known or anti-
cipated adverse effects on the health of persons occur and which allows an adequate
margin of safety" (the latter to account for uncertainties in making this deter-
mination) and (2) for those contaminants measurable by analytic practical and
affordable methods available to systems, an' enforceable MCL is set as close to the
MCLG as is feasible, taking into account the performance and cost of "best avail-
able" treatment/control technology. Otherwise, a treatment technology NPDWR is
prescribed, specifying treatment requirements for systems to prevent the risk to
health to the extent feasible.
DW-3
-------
In 1989 this program will promulgate standards for 34 toxic chemicals and
radionuclldes, the last of the 83 specified. Prominent among these will be a new
standard for radon, judged to be a particularly high-risk waterborne contaminant.
The next focus will be those contaminants listed as regulatory candidates in 1988,
for which at least 25 new standards are required by January 1991 by the SDWA Amend-
ments. Among these are disinfectants and their reaction by-products, widely found
among systems.
These standards, along with unenforceable "health "advisories11 (summaries of
toxocological data that convey the levels of significant health risk), have a func-
tion beyond the regulation of PWSs; they also serve as the authoritative benchmarks
for the protection of human health from pollution of drinking water sources, partic-
ularly ground water. Programs dedicated to the protection of human health and the
environment (especially hazardous waste management and Superfund remedial programs)
rely on drinking water standards to direct their abatement and control activities.
PWS Program Implementation
By 1989, NPDWRs will be final for 83 chemical, radlonuclide and microbiolo-
gical contaminants and for surface-source treatment; also in place will be moni-
toring requirements for a host of additional unregulated chemicals. By 1989 large
and very large systems will be monitoring for the majority of them. Among the
contaminants being addressed are a subset that pose widespread risks to public
health by reason of their potency and their potential occurrence throughout water
supplies. These are pathogenic microorganisms, lead, radon and disinfectant
chemicals and their reaction by-products, representing the highest national risk-
reduction priorities. These are nationally important not only for the risks
they presently pose to consumers, but also because these are the problems most
systems will face in the foreseeable future. In addition, the first new MCLs for 8
volatile organic chemicals and revised public notice requirements for PWSs become
effective in 1989, the first of a succession of new rules.
EPA and the States must adopt the necessary changes and additions to regula-
tory authorities to ensure that State programs are compatible with the new "pri-
macy" responsibilities mandated by the SDWA Amendments. In particular, States with
primary enforcement responsibility (primacy) must make provision to Implement
treatment requirements to some 11,000 systems using surface water sources pursuant
to the surface water treatment NPDWR. Another sweeping change involves the labor-
atory certification program, the principal quality control for drinking water
compliance measurements, where systems' monitoring requirements mushroom with the
fourfold increase in contaminant standards.
EPA's aim is to Implement the revisions of regulatory requirements minimizing
increased system non-compliance caused by additional standards. Our strategy
Involves enlisting the help of agencies and constituencies beyond the "regulated
community" (I.e., EPA, States and the systems) in mobilizing understanding of and
the need for enhanced protection of drinking water. To reduce the need for a
massive Federal/State enforcement presence, this strategy aims to "leverage" the
general willingness and capabilities of the systems to do what is necessary to
provide dependably safe water supplies. Widening the involvement of outside groups
will enhance the flow of information, increasing the awareness of the systems
about the new responsibilities and of consumers about health risks and the need
to invest more to protect their drinking water.
Another new feature is the eligibility of Indian tribal authorities to assume
responsibility for PWS supervision, similar to States. Regulations recently pro-
mulgated define the responsibilities for implementation and enforcement that Indian
tribes may assume, along with legal and programmatic prerequisites EPA will require
in order to delegate these responsibilities. In 1989, EPA will be Involved in a
detailed examination of the programmatic capabilities of Indian tribes and In
helping tribes to develop primacy programs.
DW-4
-------
Underground Injection Control
EPA and 41 State primacy programs will continue to maintain regulatory coverage
of 280,000 Injection wells. Both permitting and compliance with permit and statu-
tory requirements will continue to be a high program priority. The State/EPA
permitting effort will provide little payoff If the regulators cannot demonstrate
the ability to enforce permit requirements. Where a State does not or cannot
respond to violations In a timely and appropriate manner, EPA will take enforcement
action. Failure to: 1) apply for a permit, 2) test for well mechanical Integrity,
3) comply with operation and construction requirements, or 4) provide monitoring
reports will require State or EPA action to obtain compliance. A credible compli-
ance/enforcement presence by both primacy States and EPA is necessary to ensure
that the owners/operators of injection wells adhere to the UIC regulatory require-
ments.
EPA and the States will implement the required new monitoring requirements for
waste disposal (Class I) Injection wells and provide technical assistance and guid-
ance for the primacy States. The new monitoring requirements will help ensure the
earliest possible detection of fluid migration from the injection zone that may be
harmful to health and the environment. A key objective in 1989 will be to address
"high risk" practices within the category of "miscellaneous" Class V injection
wells. Although they are not specifically regulated now, EPA wl-11 encourage States
to use existing permit, closure and enforcement authorities to address high-risk
wells. Where the Agency has UIC primacy, 1t will implement this process.
Ground-Water Protection
In 1989, EPA will enhance its risk reduction and prevention efforts by devel-
oping and issuing technical assistance documents which will provide state-of-the-art
knowledge to States on wellhead protection issues. One of the major elements of
wellhead protection activities is the determination of zones within which contam-
inant source assessment and management will be addressed. The delineation of these
zones, denoted as wellhead protection areas (WHPAs), Involves highly technical
analyses of the hydrogeologic and other environmental conditions surrounding a
water well or well field. States/Indian tribes will rely on EPA to provide expert
advice and consultation on the methodologies and approaches to the hydrogeologic
and other assessments related to these areas. In addition, EPA will act as a liaison
with all Federal agencies which must, by statute, comply with the State laws and
regulations developed under the aegis of wellhead protection.
While wellhead protection activities focus specifically on ground-water re-
sources that serve as drinking water supplies, EPA also supports State efforts in
protecting all its ground-water resources through the Ground-Water Protection
Strategy. In 1989, EPA will encourage those States that have not yet done so, to
direct attention to the totality of their ground-water resources and, accordingly,
to design a comprehensive strategy which clearly determines the protection measures
required for their ground-water resources.
The classification guidelines established and issued by EPA provide a defini-
tion of the use, value, and vulnerability of ground-water resources for EPA programs.
The Agency will assist the States in developing and/or implementing systems for
classifying ground-water resources. In addition, EPA will continue its role in
conducting research and development activities, collecting, analyzing, and develop-
ing mechanisms to share data on ground-water resources with the States and with
other Federal programs. EPA will also continue to review and approve/disapprove
petitions for designation of sole source aquifers.
Research and Development
The research program will continue to support activities to protect drinking
water supplies, including ground-water resources, particularly in the development
of drinking water health-based maximum contaminant level goals and enforceable
DW-5
-------
maximum contaminant levels. lexicological data will be developed for those com-
pounds of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Contaminant Selection
Priority List for which data gaps have been identified.
In the area of disinfection, research will be conducted to Isolate, Identify,
synthesize and characterize the toxicity of the major disinfectants and disinfec-
tant by-products with emphasis placed on compounds demonstrating the greatest
biological activity. In addition, the research program will continue to provide
human health assessments to support the need for quantitative risk assessments from
exposure to drinking water treatment technology and analytical methods In support
of standard setting. Research to determine the cost-effectiveness of 1n-situ
aquifer restoration techniques will continue, leading to clean-up where previously
the cost was prohibitive. In 1989, promising laboratory techniques will be evalu-
ated on actual contamination incidents.
The research program will also direct efforts focused solely on ground-water
resources. Both the development of methods and the conduct of studies on subsur-
face transport and fate processes will provide appropriate assessments of human
exposure risks from ground-water contamination.
DW-6
-------
DRINKING WATER
Budget Current Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1989 vs. 1988
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations:
- for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
States
- for existing and new
facilities, by EPA
UIC MIT Testing
UIC File Review
Enforcement Actions - PWS:
Notices of Violations....
Civil Litigation (new)
Enforcement Actions - UIC:
Inspections
Administrative Orders......
Criminal Litigation..
Cumulative Outputs:
PWS Primacy States
UIC Primacy States (full and
parti al programs )
Designated Sole Source
Aauifer
Actual
1987
8,014
582
25,736
24,896
n/a
105
184
1
0
74,592
n/a
107
1
0
54
33/6
31
Estimate
1988
5,570
505
23,642
24,569
n/a
685
238
7
0
51,066
n/a
95
4
0
54
34/7
65
Estimate
1988
5,553
490
22,262
23,949
n/a
391
234
1
0
58,609
n/a
106
1
0
54
35/6
50
Requesi
1989
5,553
490
22,262
23,949
n/a
356
284
1
0
58,609
n/a
125
1
0
54
35/6
65
0
0
0
0
0
-35
+50
0
0
0
0
+19
0
0
0
0
+15
DW-7
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
DRINKING MATER
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Drinking Water Research DW-9
Sci enti f 1 c Assessmen t DW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance DW-15
Heal th Effects DW-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology DW-17
Environmental Processes and Effects DW-18
DW-8
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
i
«o
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering 4
Technology - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
ACTUAL
1987
<
$349.8
$294.8
$644.6
$1,590.9
$1,574.5
$3,165.4
$3,295.5
$5,326.8
$8,622.3
$3,179.1
$2,296.1
$5,475.2
$1,481.4 '
$3,385.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
[DOLLARS IN
$443.0
$246.8
$689.8
$1,755.6
$1,436.0
$3,191.6
$3,665.6
$6,301.5
$9,967.1
$3,389.9
$1,958.0
$5,347.9
$1,583.7
$3,823.9
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
$422.8
$246.8
$669.6
$1,642.3
$1,436.0
$3,078.3
$3,428.9
$5,450.5
$8,879.4
$3,146.8
$1,638.0
$4,784.8
$1,599.7
$3,823.9
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
$422.8
$296.8
$719.6
$1,642.3
$1,569.5
$3,211.8
$3,428.9
$4,970.9
$8,399.8
$3,146.8
$1,963.9
$5,110.7
$1,599.7
$3,424.1
REQUEST
1989
1
$432.1
$296.8
$728.9
$1,678.3
$1,277.3
$2,955.6
$3,504.0
$4,570.9
$8,074.9
$3,215.7
$1,963.9
$5,179.6
$1,634.7
$3,424.1
INCREASE
DECREASE
989 VS 198
$9.3
$9.3
$36.0
-$292.2
-$256.2
$75.1
-$400.0
-$324.9
$68.9
$68.9
$35.0
TOTAL $4,866.8 $5,407.6 $5,423.6 $5,023.8 $5,058.8
$35.0
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $9,896.7 $10,837.8 $10,240.5 $10,240.5 $10,464.8 $224.3
Research & Development $12,877.6 $13,766.2 $12,595.2 $12,225.2 $11,533.0 -$692.2
Drinking Water TOTAL $22,774.3 $24,604.0 $22,835.7 $22,465.7 $21,997.8 -$467.9
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment - 5.7 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems & 27.8 29.5 29.5 28.7 28.7
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects - 59.3 68.5 68.5 66.4 66.4
Drinking Water
Environmental 56.1 60.9 60.9 59.3 59.3
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes 25.2 26.8 28.8 29.1 29.1
& Effects - Drinking
Water
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 174.1 194.7 196.7 192.5 192.5
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
ACTUAL BUDGET . ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
8.7
27.9
67.3
58.7
28.0
9.0
29.5
68.5
60.9
26.8
9.0
29.5
68.5
60.9
28.8
9.0
28.7
66.4
59.3
29.1
9.0
28.7
66.4
59.3
29.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
190.6
194.7
196.7
192.5
192.5
-------
Research
and Development
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1; Develop Drinking Water Standards Based on Health Effects Through
Risk Assessment Studies
1989; o Development of health advisories and criteria documents (Scientific
Assessment)
o Report on the carcinogenic and reproductive effects of disinfectants/by-
products (Health)
o Report on cancer risks associated with the chlorination of drinking water
(Health)
1988; p Development of health advisories and criteria documents (Scientific
Assessment)
o Report on target organ toxidty of disinfectants and disinfectant by-pro-
ducts (Health)
o Response report on target organ toxicity of chemicals tested for health
advisory development (Health)
1987: o Preparation of 30 drinking water health advisories on unregulated VOCs
(Scientific Assessment)
o Preparation of criteria documents (Scientific Assessments)
o Report on cancer and reproductive hazards of principal contaminants in
drinking water (Health)
Objective 2; Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking
Water Standards
1989; o Report on radiation methods validation and Intercomparison studies program
for drinking water radiation quality assurance (Monitoring)
o Development and verification of Legionella inactivation data for public
plumbing systems (Engineering)
o Report on treatment techniques to remove radon from small water supplies
(Engineering)
1988; o Final standardized methods for synthetic organic chemicals and pesticides
for the underground water survey (Monitoring)
o Internal report on in-house pilot studies for control of disinfectant by-
products (Engineering)
1987; o Distribution of 52,000 quality control and performance evaluation samples
for chemical, radionuclide, and microbiological analysis of drinking water
(Monitoring)
o Conducted laboratory certification for 10 Regions (Monitoring)
o Report on the removal of radium from drinking water (Engineering)
Objective 3: Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Ground Hater
Resources
1989; o Report on sources of variability affecting groundwater monitoring data
(Monitoring)
o Report on fiber optics for monitoring groundwater contaminants (Moni-
toring)
DW-12
-------
o Report on unregulated sources of groundwater contamination 1n wellhead
protection areas (Environmental Processes)
1988: o Evaluation and development of laser-induced fluorescence for monitoring
groundwater contamination using fiber optics (Monitoring)
o Report on in-situ restoration of an aquifer contaminated with halogenated
organic contaminants (Environmental Processes)
o Report on characterization of a saline aquifer used for waste disposal
(Environmental Processes)
1987: o Evaluation of methods for constructing monitoring wells with hollow stem
augers (Monitoring)
o Computer code and documentation for predicting solubilities in mixed-sol-
vent systems (Environmental Processes)
o State-of-the-art report on interaction of injected fluids with geologic
materials (Environmental Processes)
DW-13
-------
DRINKING MATER
Drinking Mater Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $21,997,800 supported by 192.5 total work-
years for 1989, a decrease of $467,900 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $10,464,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $11,533,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an
increase of $224,300 and a decrease of $692,200, respectively.
Program"Description
The Drinking Mater research program provides support to States and the EPA
Office of Drinking Mater (ODM) in implementing the Safe Drinking Mater Act (SDMA).
This program consists of the following objectives:
Objective1:Develop"Dr1nkingWaterStandards"Basedon HealthEffects Through
Risk Assessment Studies. Research inEKTsactivityprovideshealthassessment
information to support the Office of Drinking Mater In developing revised regulations
to control drinking water contaminants under the SDMA. The health research program
also assists States in ascertaining causes of waterborne Infectious disease out-
breaks and determining the hazard to humans from exposure to infectious agents
through drinking water.
Objective 2: Provide Engineering Technologies andMonitoring Data for Drink-
ing Hater StandarTTIResearch supporting this objective provides analytical proce-
dures to monitor drinking water contaminants. In addition, engineering research
will evaluate treatment processes and costs to support ODM regulatory decision-
making.
Objective 3: Provi de "Scientif1c Methods and Data'for Protection of Ground-
Hater "Resources.Work in this category will provide the scientific basis for the
protection of underground drinking water sources to implement Section 1421 and 1414
of the SDWA. These efforts are coordinated with the pesticides and hazardous waste
programs.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $728,900 supported by 9.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $432,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $296,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $9,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change in the Research and Development appropriation and total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of in-house support for the risk assessment program.
Develop Drinking'"MaterStandards Based onHealth Effects Through R1sk Assess-
ment Studies.Research will provide health criteria and assessment documents tor
a variety of drinking water contaminants including disinfectants and their by-pro-
ducts. The program will provide technical support and assistance in response to
Regional and State requests. Research will develop state-of-the-art methodologies
for assessment of potential risk to human health from exposure to contaminants
found in drinking water.
DM-14
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $719,600 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $422,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $296,800 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1988, this program is finalizing criteria documents for publication,
preparing criteria documents for external review and initiating new documents.
The program is also preparing health advisories for submission to Regions and
States as guidance.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $644,600 supported by 8.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $349,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $294,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments included the finalization of documents on the Phase
II chemicals, preparation of the external review draft documents on the Phase V
chemicals and the revision (following QA/QC review) of health advisories of
30 unregulated VOCs listed under Section 1445 SDWA.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,955,600 supported by 28.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,678,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,277,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $36,000 and a decrease of $292,200, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation reflects general enhancement of inhouse support for the groundwater
program. The decrease in Research and Development appropriation reflects the
completion of several monitoring studies.
Provide Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for Drinking Water Stan-
dards"The program will distribute quality control samples and conduct performance
evaluation studies in support of the Agency's quality assurance program. Method
validation studies will be conducted for organic contaminants newly regulated
under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The program will evaluate 10 regions for
capabilities to provide quality data in support of the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations and the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986.
In 1989, fees for quality control and performance evaluation samples will be
collected following the expected publication of a final rule in 1988.
Provide Scientific Methods and Data for Protection of Groundwater Resources.
Research will provide both technical information and improved methods for predicting
contaminant movement and transformation to allow better human exposure assessments
from groundwater contamination. Research will include looking at identification
and assessment technologies for improving injection well practices, assessing
fluid movement from injection wells and developing laser induced fluorescence for
monitoring groundwater by fiber optics.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,211,800 supported by 28.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,642,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,569,500 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
DW-15
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In 1988, the monitoring program 1s expediting methods validation work to meet
the new drinking water regulations for organic chemical contaminants. The program
provides analytical procedures to monitor drinking water contaminants Including
development of procedures for analysis of radioactive contaminants and Improved
conform analysis methods. Fees for quality control and performance evaluation
samples will be collected following the expected publication of a final rule in
1988.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,165,400 supported by 27.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,590,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,574,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In support of the revised Primary Drinking Water Regulations, analytical
methods for the determination of organic compounds in finished drinking water and
raw source water were developed as well as analytical methods for the National
Pesticides Survey.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,074,900 supported by 66.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,504,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,570,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $75,100 and a decrease of $400,000, respectively, and no
change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for the health effects program.
The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects the completion
of toxicological testing on the major set of chemicals identified for regulation
under the SDWA.
Develop Drinking Water Standards Based on Health Effects Through Risk Assess-
ment Studies.The health research program willsupport the ODW in its effort to
develop drinking water recommended maximum contaminant levels. In response to
the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, toxicological research will be directed at
the disinfection process. Research will be conducted to isolate, identify, synthe-
size and characterize the toxicity of the major disinfectant byproducts.
Microbiological research will be conducted to develop a methodology for identi-
fying viruses and bacteria to be used in exposure assessment. A study will be
undertaken to relate microbiological indicators to levels of symptomatic illness
in humans affected by drinking water contaminated by viruses. Research will develop
detection techniques and determine the infectivity of Cryptosporidium (protozoa).
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,399,800 supported by 66.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,428,900 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,970,900 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The health research program is providing a scientific base for the Agency and
States to use in identifying and controlling harmful contaminants in drinking
water. Research is focused on those areas identified by ODW which support their
regulatory efforts. This includes research on disinfectants, organic and inorganic
contaminants, and waterborne pathogens and disease. Several epidemiology studies
on drinking water quality and human health will be completed.
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1987 Accompl1shments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,622,300 supported by 67.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,295,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and. $5,326,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A report on the toxicity of 16 drinking water contaminants was completed. This
data will be used to develop maximum contaminant levels goals (MCLG's) and health
advisories. A study on the virullence characterization of Legionella was completed.
ENVIRONMENTAL'ENGINEERING- AND'TECHNOLOGY
1989'Program'Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,179,600 supported by 59.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,215,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,963,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $68,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change in the Research and Development appropriation and in total work-
years. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general
enhancement of inhouse support for the engineering and technology program.
Provide"Engineering'Technologies'and'Monitoring'Data'for"Drinking-water'Stand-
ards.This program will provide evaluation of processes for removalof volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and radionuclides for use in regulation
implementation. It will provide information on treatment systems performances
and costs to permit cost-effectiveness analyses of proposed treatment systems.
The program will focus on evaluations of disinfectant effectiveness and factors
contributing to microbial deterioration of water quality in distribution systems.
Research emphasizing technologies especially adaptable to small systems will also
be performed.
1988'Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,110,700 supported by 59.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,146,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,963,900 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research is evaluating treatment processes and costs to support ODW regulatory
decisionmaking. Cost data is being compiled for unit processes to do cost-
effectiveness analyses of proposed treatment systems. Factors which contribute
to deterioration of water quality in distribution systems and methods for control
are being investigated. Research work emphasizing technology particularly adapt-
able to small systems is also being performed.
1987'Accompli shments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,475,200 supported by 58.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,179,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,296,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A report on the removal of radium from drinking water was produced and a
report on performance and cost information on a full-scale ion exchange plant for
nitrate removal was completed. An interim report on concentration times time (Cxt)
values for hepatitis and coliphage inactivation was completed.
DW-17
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ENVIRONMENTAL"PROCESSES' AND"EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,058,800 supported by- 29.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,634,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,424,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $35,000 In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change in the Research and Development appropriation and In total workyears.
The Increase In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the groundwater program.
Provide Sclentlf1c"Methods'and Data'for'Protection-of'Ground Hater Resources.
This program will focus on methods development and studies of surface transport and
fate processes. Research studies will be conducted on 1n situ aquifer restoration
techniques which may potentially lead to a more cost-effective cleanup of aquifers.
This work Is coordinated with the Hazardous Waste and Pesticides Programs.
Research will provide field evaluation of movement and transformation of
wastes from underground Injection wells. Joint studies will be conducted with the
People's Republic of China 1n the area of transport and fate of groundwater con-
taminants. The program will provide technical assistance for the Wellhead Pro-
tection program, major technology transfer programs and support for the Underground
Injection Control (UIC) program.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency Is allocating a total of $5,023,800 supported by 29.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,599,700 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,424,100 Is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Research is focused on developing and improving methods for predicting the
impacts of contamination on underground sources of drinking water as well as provid-
ing for information transfer for the International Groundwater Modeling Center.
The program is determining the cost-effectiveness of 1n situ aquifer restoration
techniques and supports the Underground Injection ContrFT (UIC) program by studying
the fate and transport of wastes in and from the injection zone. The Wellhead
Protection program is providing a study of unregulated sources and how they affect
wellhead protection areas.
1987'Accompl1shments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,866,800 supported by 28.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,481,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,385,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A report was provided on Interaction of fluids with geologic materials
to the Underground Injection program and a report on computer models available for
delineating wellhead protection areas was provided to the well headed protection
program.
DW-18
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-20
Criteria, Standards & Guidelines DW-21
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance.... DW-24
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants DW-25
Underground Injection Control Program Grants DW-27
Special Studies & Demonstrations DW-28
Drinking Water Management DW-30
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance DW-32
Underground Injection Control Program DW-34
Ground-Water Protection . DW-37
DW-19
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 .1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Criteria, Standards S
Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses $6,552.9 $7,258.7 $7,049.0 $7,049.0 $7,507.2 $458.2
Abatement Control and $9,120.6 $8,903.0 $8,903.0 $8,903.0 $8,903.0
Compliance
TOTAL $15,673.5 $16,161.7 $15,952.0 $15,952.0 $16,410.2 $458.2
TOTAL:
K Salaries & Expenses $6,552.9 $7,258.7 $7,049.0 $7,049.0 $7,507.2 $458.2
IN» Abatement Control and $9,120.6 $8,903.0 $8,903.0 $8,903.0 $8,903.0
0 Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL $15,673.5 $16,161.7 $15,952.0 $15,952.0 $16,410.2 $458.2
Criteria, Standards A
Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Criteria, Standards & 98.4 113.5 113.5 103.2 112.0 8.8
Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 98.4 113.5 113.5 103.2 112.0 8.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Criteria, Standards * 108.8 113.5 113.5 112.0 112.0
Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS 108.8 113.5 113.5 112.0 112.0
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Abatement and Control
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Criteria, Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,410,200 supported by 112.0 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $458,200 from 1988. Of the request, $7,507,200 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,903,000 will be for the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $458,200 and no change,
respectively.
Program Description
Criteria, Standards and Guidelines This program Is responsible for deter-
minlng and overseeing requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) for
public water systens (PWS) and underground Injection wells. This encompasses: 1)
identifying contaminants "known or anticipated to occur" in public water supplies
that may have any adverse human health effects and assessing the potential magnitude
of risk; 2) determining whether, how and to what degree to regulate human exposure
from such contaminants within the constraints of analytical and treatment techno-
logy to avert such health risk; 3) developing enforceable regulations and other
requirements that constitute PWS Supervision and Underground Injection Control
(UIC) programs; and 4) providing direction and oversight to the Implementation of
PWS Supervision and UIC programs.
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986 stipulate several new
requirements, including: 1) promulgation of at least 83 new National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) on a 3-year schedule; 2) establishment of a
triennial cycle (beginning in 1988) of listing priority contaminants and subsequent-
ly promulgating no less than 25 additional NPDWRs from the list; 3) promulgation
of treatment technology NPDWRs for systems with surface water sources and for
general disinfection requirements; and 4) establishment of an unregulated contami-
nant monitoring program whereby all PWSs test for EPA-designated contaminants in a
recurring 5-year cycle. These and other mandated revisions to the PWS program
(Federal enforcement responsibility, systems' public notice duties, NPDWR-implement-
ation procedures, ban on lead-content plumbing materials) result in a more regula-
tory-oriented program.
CRITERIA. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,410,200 supported by 112.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $7,507,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,903,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $458,200 in the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel costs.
In 1989 EPA will promulgate the remaining Maximum Contaminant Level Goals
(MCLGs) and NPDWRs stipulated by the 1986 Amendments, putting into place a vastly
expanded regulatory framework of 83 individual MCLGs and corresponding MCL/treatment
NPDWRs. Among these last standards will be those for radon and other radionuclides,
as well as those for inorganic and organic toxic chemicals and pesticides. Earlier,
an NPDWR will be promulgated for lead that incorporates corrosion control strategies.
DW-21
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The focus of standard-setting shifts with the completion of the statutory time-
table to contaminants designated as regulatory candidates within the first list
published In 1988 and to the disinfection NPDWR. The list encompasses an array of
different kinds of contaminants. At this stage the program will be concentrating
on assembling and Interpreting data on actual or potential contaminant occurrence
and health effects In order to assure maximum risk-reduction. One Important data
source will be the National Pesticides survey, conducted jointly by the drinking
water and pesticides programs, continuing 1n 1989. In 1989 this program will
conduct selected toxlcologlcal studies for Individual contaminants to ascertain
acute, subchronic and chronic adverse health effects.
This first list of contaminants contains a number of disinfectant chemicals
and reaction by-products. While reducing the risks of waterborne disease, these
chemicals pose a competing risk of potential toxlclty of the disinfectants them-
selves and the organic compounds produced as their reaction by-products. Because
disinfection, which will ultimately be a regulatory requirement, 1s a mainstay
to drinking water treatment, these chemicals occur throughout the nation's water
supplies and thus represent one of the most widespread contamination risks. In
order to address the problem 1n Its entirety, the Agency has found 1t necessary to
defer a mandatory disinfection treatment rule until conclusive scientific knowledge
1s available regarding the toxlclty of disinfectant chemicals. Other contaminants
in this next regulatory agenda Include the compounds listed In the unregulated
contaminant monitoring program and in the Agency's pesticide survey, and hazardous
substances listed by the Superfund program as the most significant potential con-
taminant risks.
As standard-setting continues, pursuant to legislative mandates and the need
to avert new risks, the successful implementation of a whole new regulatory frame-
work assumes increasing importance. Of particular concern are those contaminants
that occur widely and pose particular health risks: pathogenic microorganisms, lead
and radionucTides are the contaminants with standards finalized or in effect in 1989
that are the most substantial risks to be reduced. The Agency will pursue an
aggressive mobilization strategy during the transition period from promulgation to
effective dates, in order to achieve as much voluntary compliance as possible. In
assuming this task, the Agency will Increase the development and dissemination of
information and technical assistance. Meanwhile, this program will maintain its
ongoing risk assessment and advisory role within the framework of a fully Integrated
Agency effort.
Following the report to Congress regarding the contamination potential of
Class V injection wells, the Agency is reviewing high-risk practices that pose
particular threats to underground sources of drinking water. The program will
implement a strategy for the systematic use of existing permit, regulatory and
enforcement authorities.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $15,952,000 supported by 112.0
total workyears for this program, of which $7,049,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,903,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The program is concentrating on satisfying the 1986 Amendments' mandates for
new drinking water standards and regulations. During the year the Agency is 1)
promulgating the second set of MCLGs and NPDWRs for more than 40 contaminants, pur-
suant to the legislative timetable; 2) promulgating a treatment technology NPDWR
for surface source PWSs and a general microbiological MCL, both to combat waterborne
pathogens; and 3) publishing the required list of contaminants that may be candi-
dates for regulation within 3 years. One of the highest priorities is a regulatory
strategy to reduce waterborne lead through a proposed NPDWR that addresses control
of water corrosivity that causes lead contamination. Also being proposed are the
DW-22
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MCLG/MPDURs for the third batch of 34 chemical/radionucllde contaminants. Also,
the program will add contaminants to the unregulated contaminant monitoring
requirements, prompting systems to monitor for contaminants soon to be regulated.
A national survey of pesticide contamination In water supply wells Is underway
with the joint participation of the drinking water and pesticides programs, testing
for approximately 60 active Ingredients and by-product compounds. Additional health
advisories continue to be prepared for contaminants associated with monitoring
Initiatives and In response to reports of localized contamination.
Other activities under the Amendments Include the promulgation of 1) eligibil-
ity requirements for Indian tribal authorities to be granted primary enforcement
authority (primacy) for PWS and UIC regulations; 2) procedures for States to revise
their PWS primacy authority for new regulatory responsibilities; 3) revisions to
UIC regulations specifying new monitoring requirements for Class I wells. EPA Is
also encouraging States to deal with high-risk practices relating to Class V Injec-
tion wells.
Both national programs are at a critical point 1n their respective development,
compelling more aggressive field review of PWS and UIC programs. Requirements for
PWS program management and oversight will Increase with the Issuance of new contami-
nant standards and treatment requirements, along with other changes to PWS program
provisions (variances, exemptions and public notification) to enhance compliance.
Meanwhile, the program ensures that the underground Injection control program 1s
preventing the endangerment of USDW. As technical issues develop with UIC Imple-
mentation (permitting, compliance monitoring, mechanical Integrity testing), EPA Is
helping to assure consistency through guidance and regulatory revisions. In both
programs, national oversight and coordination encompasses definition and tracking
of environmentally relevant results.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $15,673,500 supported by 108.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $6,552,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $9,120,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA promulgated nine NPDWRs (for fluoride and 8 volatile organic contaminants)
together with requirements for PWS monitoring of unregulated chemical contaminants.
Also promulgated are mandated revisions to systems' public notice requirements
designed to simultaneously streamline and strengthen the content, manner and timeli-
ness of notice, including new requirements to notify the public that may be affec-
ted by lead contamination of drinking water systems.
In the process of proposing NPDWRs for the majority of inorganic and synthetic
organic chemical contaminants, EPA proposed substituting seven contaminants speci-
fied by the Amendments for regulation. At the same time, the first list of eventual
regulatory candidates was proposed. A report to Congress was submitted detailing
the States' Class V injection well inventory and assessments. -Also, the "pilot"
phase of the National survey of pesticide occurrence in water supply wells was
completed.
DW-23
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Wellhead Protection
Abatement Control and $8,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $8,000.0
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Grants
Abatement Control and $33,391.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0
_ Compliance
*: TOTAL $33,391.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0 $33,450.0
rs>
4>,
Underground Injection
Control Program Grants
Abatement Control and $9,756.6 $9,500.0 $11,500.0 $11.500.0 $9,500.0 -$2,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $9,756.6 $9,500.0 $11,500.0 $11,500.0 $9,500.0 -$2,000.0
Special Studies &
Demonstrations
Abatement Control and $2,600.0 $3,000.0 $3,000.0 -$3,000.0
Compliance
TOTAL $2,600.0 $3,000.0 $3,000.0 -$3,000.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $45,747.6 $50,950.0 $47,950.0 $47,950.0 $42,950.0 -$5,000.0
Compliance
;
Drinking Water State TOTAL $45,747.6 $50,950.0 $47,950.0 $47,950.0 $42,950.0 -$5,000.0
Program Resource
Assistance
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DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $42,950,000 for 1989. a decrease of $5,000,000
from 1988. All of the request will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Program Description
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) provides for States to assume the primary
role for implementing and enforcing the drinking water and Underground Injection
Control (U1C) regulations. Financial assistance, in the form of grants, 1s provided
to the States to develop and maintain these programs. To be eligible for these
grants the States must have primary enforcement authority (primacy). Indian tribes
demonstrating intent to achieve primacy may receive a grant for the initial develop-
ment of their programs. Other resource assistance 1s provided for training, tech-
nical assistance and special studies.
This subactivity Includes the following programs:
Public Water Systems (PWS) Supervision Program Grants This program provides
grants to primacy states for PWS regulatory programs aimed at ensuring that the
Nation's water supplies are free from contamination which may pose adverse health
effects. The SDWA Amendments of 1986 authorize the Administrator to provide PWS
grants to eligible Indian tribes and mandate specific changes in PWS Supervision
programs aimed at broadening the health protection afforded by federal regulations
as well as improve compliance with regulations, particularly among small systems.
The programs of States and Indian tribes that are supported by these grants must
adopt the changes in order to maintain primacy. EPA may use the funds allocated to
non-pr.imacy States and to Indian tribes who do not qualify for primacy to defray
the cost of Federal direct implementation, Including travel.
Underground Injection Control Program Grants This program provides grants to
support State activitiesTnimplementing the UIC program to protect underground
sources of drinking water. As with the PWS program, the SDWA Amendments authorize
UIC grants to eligible Indian tribes and EPA may use the funds allocated to a non-
primacy State or Indian tribe for program implementation, including associated
travel.
Special Studies and Demonstrations This program provides resources for
training and technical assistance to owners and operators of small rural water
systems in the areas of management, finance and facility operations.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $33,450,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change from 1988.
The principal task in 1989 is to transform the regulatory framework of the PWS
Supervision program while minimizing an increase in system non-compliance pursuant
DW-25
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to the Increased regulatory requirements. EPA's strategy 1s to promote rapid State
Implementation of the new requirements and support States as they build their capa-
city to Implement a comprehensive regulatory framework. Integral to this strategy
Is the need to enlist agencies and constituencies beyond EPA 1n Improving under-
standing of and mobilizing support for enhanced protection of drinking water, such
as by disseminating the new requirements, making consumers and the regulated commu-
nity more aware of the health risks, and encouraging greater monitoring, operator
training and treatment efforts. At the same time, States will vigorously pursue
ongoing violations with the full range of administrative and enforcement tools at
their disposal. Consequently, States must both maintain their current high level
of administrative and enforcement actions and meet the new challenges while
addressing the non-compliance problems of small systems.
During 1989 new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) for vola-
tile organic contaminants (VOCs) will come Into effect, which means all PWSs will
be responsible for meeting the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) 1f and when unsafe
levels are found (although small and very small systems have an extended period to
monitor for them). Further, all 200,000 PWSs will be required to Implement conform
monitoring while the revised microbiological MCL comes Into effect. A host of new
chemical contaminant monitoring requirements apply to medium, large and very large
systems In this year as well.
A filtration NPDWR will be promulgated. This unique regulation will specify
legislatively mandated special procedures whereby the primacy authority (State or
EPA) shall determine the need for Installing or upgrading filtration and pre-treat-
ment processes In systems with sources from or directly Influenced by surface
water. The Amendments also specify a timetable for Implementation. First, the
States must adopt the necessary regulations to administer and enforce the filtra-
tion rule within 18 months of Its promulgation. Upon adoption, States have 12
months to make the determinations. States will begin to amend their legal authori-
ties in 1989 to adopt the technology-based standards and specify their unique
"determination" procedure. A few such "determinations" can be expected in 1989.
Grant funds will continue to be available to Indian tribal authorities
who are in the process of qualifying for PWS primary enforcement responsibility.
EPA will continue to use grant funds to support Its direct implementation responsi-
bilities, including travel.
.1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $33,450,000 for this program, all
of which 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
State programs are maintaining their emphasis on efforts to bring public water
systems into compliance, using a judicious combination of technical assistance and
enforcement. States will establish agreements (Including exemptions) involving
tangible milestones for actions to reduce contaminant levels. In serious instances,
States will take formal enforcement actions and punitive administrative penalties.
States are beginning to Implement the first 9 NPDWRs, revising their legal
authorities to accommodate new MCLs, expanding State laboratory certification
capability, and assisting systems to prepare to comply with the requirements. At
the same time systems will be called upon to monitor for unregulated contaminants
over a 5-year period.
State programs are subject to a number of other procedural changes ensuing from
the Amendments: 1) new public notification requirements; 2) authorities to issue
new 1-year exemptions, attendant enforceable compliance schedules and 3-year "exten-
sions" to compliance deadlines; 3) new ground rules for MCL variances and 4) bans
on lead-content plumbing materials which, if not enforced, will result in up to a
DW-26
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5% withholding of the PWS State grant. In 1988, Indian tribal authorities may be
eligible for development grants consistent with forthcoming Federal regulations.
The PWS grant funds will continue to support primacy program and EPA direct
Implementation program activities Including analytical services, sanitary surveys,
training, disease surveillance, on-slte technical activities, and data management.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $33,391,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Fifty-four States and territories, encompassing 96% of the nation's community
systems, maintained primacy and received grants while EPA used the funds allotted
to the States and Indian jurisdictions for contract Implementation. States Incor-
porated new regulatory and monitoring requirements Into existing programs and
adopted new analytical techniques to meet addltonal laboratory certification
requirements. States also adopted measures to Implement the ban on lead plumbing
materials and took enforcement actions against violations of the drinking water
standards.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,500,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents a
decrease of $2,000,000 that was allocated in 1988 to complete the permitting of
Class II wells and support additional efforts on Class I hazardous waste wells.
These funds will support State or EPA programs to protect underground drinking
water sources from contamination through underground Injection practices. In 1989,
EPA will revise Its regulations for the control of Class V well types that have
been identified as "high risk". Permitting, which enables States (or EPA) to apply
the general UIC requirements to site-specific conditions, will continue with new
class I wells, the repermitting of hazardous waste Class I wells, new Class II wells
and Class V wells.
In an effort to promote greater compliance and enforcement, efforts will focus
on increased site inspections and review of monitoring reports to determine adherence
to regulatory requirements. When necessary, administrative orders (AOs) and/or
legal actions will be initiated against owners/operators that significantly violate
UIC regulatory requirements. This will include preparing public notification of
violation and intent to issue AOs, and conducting public hearings. In cases of
legal actions, the States will be required to develop technical cases against
violators which include preparing litigation reports and affidavits and providing
testimony.
The grant funds will also support technical assistance to operators, mainte-
nance of inventory data, and regulatory changes to accommodate new EPA requirements
and/or guidelines. The Agency will provide grants to Indian tribes working towards
primacy, and will continue to implement the program on Indian lands and in non-
primacy States. The Agency may use a portion of the grant funds for travel related
to implementation activities.
DW-27
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,500,000 for this program, all
of which Is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
These funds support programs to protect underground sources of drinking water
from contamination through underground Injection 1n all 57 States and Territories,
as well as on Indian lands. EPA uses grant funds alloted to 16 full non-primacy
and 6 partial non-primacy States and Indian lands to support direct Implementation
activities. Primacy regulations determining the eligibility of Indian tribes will
be completed and development grants awarded to eligible tribes. The top priority
for permitting by EPA and the States 1s new Class II wells. Under existing regula-
tions, EPA is increasing efforts to bring enforcement and/or regulatory action
against Class V wells which endanger underground sources of drinking water by tar-
geting vulnerable areas and "high risk" Class V wells.
Grant funds also support surveillance and compliance activities. The program's
primary means of surveillance is through the receipt and review of operator reports.
This requires the program to maintain an effective verification effort to ensure
the credibility of operators' data. In addition, demonstrated absence of leaks
through mechanical integrity testing 1s an important element of compliance. Where
violations are evident, appropriate enforcement action is being initiated. States
will emphasize compliance with permit conditions by increasing inspections, mechan-
ical integrity tests (MIT) and surveillance activities.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $9,756,600 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Thirty-three full and six partial programs received grant funds, while EPA
implemented 24 Federal programs supported in part by the grant funds. The States
and EPA completed 6,251 permit determinations for new and existing wells and con-
ducted evaluations to determine if permit requirements were being met. In addition,
mechanical integrity tests were conducted to ensure the integrity of the wells.
The States and EPA also focused on compliance activities by increasing field inspec-
tions and initiating enforcement actions. The States increased their activities
relating to Class I and II wells as a result of a special set-aside in the grants.
Other activities included the review of monitoring reports, maintenance of inventory
data, and the completion of EPA Headquarters Class V assessment and report to
Congress.
SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
1989 Program Request
In 1989, no funding is requested for this program. This represents a decrease
of $3,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation from 1988.
The decrease represents the completion of training and technical assistance to
small rural systems by the National Rural Water Association (NRWA) and the Rural
Community Assistance Program (RCAP). By 1989, the State affiliates should be
self-sufficient through their organizational dues and training fees.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,000,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
DW-28
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The program supports rural water training and technical assistance through the
NRWA and its 31 affiliates who are independent non-profit State Rural Water
Associations covering 33 States. "Grass roots" training and technical assistance
is provided to the owners and operators of rural water systems to help achieve and
maintain compliance with the SDWA Amendments. Training includes small water system
and well operations and maintenance, monitoring, record keeping, water regulations,
rates, reporting, systems management, distribution and disinfection which enhance
the rural water system delivery of clean, safe drinking water. Additionally, a
pilot program is addressing the problems which cause systems to be out of compliance
with maximum contaminant levels and/or monitoring and reporting requirements for
four or more months.
EPA is also providing funds to the RCAP which complements the NRWA by assisting
small public water systems to improve their management capabilities, long tern
planning, SDWA compliance, rate structures and financial management. By conducting
site visits to these systems, RCAP determines technical assistance needs and
develops education programs for compliance improvement.
Programs currently under development include (1) a pilot preventive program in
one state, (2) an assistance program to help small systems apply for loans and
grants, (3) a Resource Clearinghouse project to compile all available funds within
a state into a manual that small systems could use, and (4) training information
and manuals for small water system operators and/or owners.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,600,000 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The technical assistance and training program conducted by the NRWA and i.ts
affiliates included 368 informational seminars for operators and decision makers,
115 technical training sessions, 37 jointly sponsored specialized training sessions
with other State and Federal agencies, and 36 problem solving sessions. The NRWA
affiliates made 7,586 technical assistance visits during this period addressing
individual rural water system problems with compliance, operations and maintenance,
finance and overall management.
DW-29
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PRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT , REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
Salaries ft Expenses $4,760.9 $5,258.4 .$5,105.6 $5,105.6 $5,417.0 $311.4
Abatement Control and $10.0 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0
Compliance
TOTAL $4,760.9 $5,268.4 $5,115.6 $5,115.6 $5,427.0 $311.4
Underground Injection
Control Program ,
Salaries ft Expenses $5,423.8 $5,805.6 $5,648.7 $5,648.7 $5,993.3 $344.6
TOTAL $5,423.8 $5,805.6 $5,648.7 $5,648.7 $5,993.3 $344.6
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $10,184.7 $11,064.0 $10,754.3 $10,754.3 $11,410.3 $656.0
Abatement Control and $10.0 $10.0 $10.0 $10.0
Compliance
Drinking Water TOTAL $10,184.7 $11,074.0 $10,764.3 $10,764.3 $11,420.3 $656.0
Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 110.3 124.6 124.6 115.6 124.0 8.4
Supervision Program
Assistance
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST . INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Underground Injection 135.4 147.6 147.6 137.4 145;8 8.4
Control Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 245.7 272.2 272.2 253.0 269.8 16.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems 121.8 124.6 124.6 124.0 124.0
Supervision Program
Assistance
Underground Injection 145.8 147.6 147.6 145.8 145.8
Control Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS 267.6 272.2 272.2 269.8 269.8
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,420,300 supported by 269.8 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $656,000 from 1988. Of the request, $11,410,300 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $656,000 and no change,
respectively.
Program Description
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) authorizes two national programs dedicated
to the protection of drinking water and Its underground sources.
Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance This program consists
of Regional activities for national Implementation of drinking water regulations to
ensure that public water systems (PWS) are free of contamination which may pose
adverse health effects. The Regional offices provide oversight and support to
States with primary enforcement authority (primacy) for administering PWS Supervi-
sion programs and Implement corresponding programs in non-primacy, direct implemen-
tation (DI) jurisdictions, including States and Indian lands. Pursuant to the
SDWA Amendments of 1986, Indian tribal authorities will become eligible for PWS
program primacy, subject to Regional/Headquarters review and approval. The Regions
evaluate State programs, award the PWS grants and continue to respond to contamina-
tion incidents including those involving unregulated contaminants which may adverse
ly affect the safety of water supplies.
Underground Injection Control Program This program consists of the Regional.
activities related to the protection of underground sources of drinking water from
unsafe injection practices. The Regions are responsible for ensuring the implemen-
tation of Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations by either oversight of
primacy States or Indian lands or actual implementation of the program requirements.
As with the PWS program, the SDWA Amendments authorize Indian tribal authorities to
become eligible for UIC program primacy, pursuant to EPA regulations.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE
1989 Program Reguest
The Agency requests a total of $5,427,000 supported by 124.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,417,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $10,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $311,400 for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, no change to the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, and no
change in total workyears. The increase represents additional program activities
resulting from the requirements of the SDWA Amendments of 1986.
To get the best possible start on assuring compliance with the multitude of new
and revised standards that will become effective, EPA and the States must ensure
maximum compliance with existing requirements. To this end, EPA regions will
negotiate with primacy States to obtain annual compliance targets and work with the
States to maintain vigilant monitoring of systems' compliance and prompt, thorough
response to violations. In non-primacy jurisdictions the regions will track
systems' compliance status, notify them of violations and lay the groundwork for
any necessary enforcement actions.
DW-32
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The preeminent task 1n 1989 will be to transform the regulatory framework of the
PWS Supervision program, while minimizing any Increase In system non-compliance
pursuant to the Increased regulatory requirements. EPA's strategy 1s to promote
timely State Implementation of the succession of new requirements and to support
States as they build their capacity to Implement the new requirements. An Integral
part of this strategy 1s the need to enlist agencies and constituencies beyond EPA
1n mobilizing understanding of and support for enhanced protection of drinking
water. New activities by these groups will range from disseminating the new
requirements to protect supplies, to making consumers and the regulated community
more aware of the health risks and the need to Increase monitoring, operator
training and treatment efforts.
During 1989 new NPDWRs for volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) will require
all PWSs to be responsible for meeting the MCLs if and when unsafe levels are found
(although small and very small systems have an extended period to monitor for
them). In addition, the Regions will supervise State adoption of critical new regu-
latory requirements promulgated during 1988: 1) 40-plus NPDWRs for inorganic and
organic chemicals; 2) an NPDWR for lead and corrosion control; and 3) an NPDWR
specifying treatment technology and performance for surface source PWSs. The
latter two are of particular Importance by virtue of the widespread occurrence of
lead contamination in drinking water and the particular vulnerability of surface-
source systems to pathogenic microorganisms such as Giardia and viruses.
Pursuant to the new authorities making Indian Tribal authorities eligible to
assume primacy for PWS Supervision responsibilities, the Regions will help such
authorities develop primacy prerequisites and make the necessary applications. The
Regions will then review and resolve such applications with Headquarters.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $5,115,600 supported by 124.0
total workyears for this program, of which $5,105,600 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1988 EPA Regions must supervise State adoption of several additional
statutory requirements designed to decrease existing non-compliance among Community
Water Systems (CWS). The first nine new NPDWRs become effective by the end of
calendar 1988. Before this time, all primacy States are expected to adopt the
legal authority to apply and enforce the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and
monitoring and reporting (M/R) requirements that comprise primary regulations, and
also begin finding any instances of MCL violations. These and subsequent new stan-
dards create a serious new burden on Regional laboratory certification responsibi-
lities.
A filtration treatment NPDWR is under developement. This is a unique primary
regulation which specifies legislatively mandated procedures by which primacy
authorities (a State or EPA) determine the need for installing or upgrading filtra-
tion and pretreatment processes in systems with sources from or directly influenced
by surface water. The Regions are helping primacy States revise their legal author-
ities to incorporate these specific provisions. As States adopt the regulatory
authority, the Regions provide advice on case-by-case determinations and on pre-
scribing/tracking enforceable compliance schedules. Finally the Regions also begin
making determinations for surface-source systems in non-primacy jurisdictions so
that they can complete the task by 1990.
Primacy authorities are subject to a number of other procedural changes ensuing
from the Amendments. States seek Regional help and guidance on implementation such
as the new public notification requirements. By 1988 all States are required to
implement provisions banning lead-content plumbing materials. Regions are reviewing
each State's provisions, providing assistance in the event of inaction or inadequate
DW-33
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provisions, and ultimately taking punitive measures (I.e., withholding 5* of PWS
grant funds) against recalcitrant States. Upon the promulgation of eligibility
requirements for Indian tribes for primacy In early 1988, Regions are working with
Indian authorities to develop and review primacy applications.
In promoting further gains In compliance with existing regulatory requirements,
the Regions continue to support States In emphasizing elimination of all violations
of the NPDWRs, using the full range of available tools and escalating actions as
needed. Pursuant to the Agency's guidance, the Regions are negotiating quarterly
compliance targets with the States for the reduction of "significant non-compliance"
with microbiological, turbidity and chemical MCL requirements. The program con-
tinues to track State compliance monitoring to find and help with problem systems
and help respond to contamination of supplies and waterborne disease outbreaks.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $4,760,900 supported by 121.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The principal Regional priority was to Improve compliance among community water
systems with all MCLs and M/R requirements. The strategy was to promptly resolve
or address all systems defined to be In "significant non-compliance." In achieving
this strategy the Regions started special compliance Initiatives where such "signi-
ficant" problems are clustered, presently In the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean
Islands and among Alaskan Native Villages.
When EPA promulgated new NPDWRs for 9 contaminants, Regions worked with
primacy States to Incorporate regulatory and monitoring requirements and helped
States with new analytical techniques to meet additional laboratory certifi-
cation requirements. The Regions carried out detailed consultations with States
regarding program changes accompanying the SOWA Amendments, particularly those in
effect Immediately upon enactment (e.g., new exemption authorities, new compliance
categories, lead-bans). To accomplish these tasks and to implement a stronger
enforcement program, all mandated by the SDWA Amendments, the Regions curtailed
surveillance of interstate carrier conveyance supplies. Ongoing assistance in
response to contamination incidents and all other oversight, evaluation and manage-
ment tasks continued.
UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,993,300 supported by 145.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $344,600 which reflects increased personnel costs.
In 1989, EPA will continue to implement direct implementation (DI) and primacy
programs. A key objective will be to ensure more effective compliance and enforce-
ment. This will Include more national consistency in handling significant non-
compliance (SNCs), increased issuance of AO's and a continued emphasis on field
inspections and surveillance. EPA will continue to implement State-specific UIC
programs in 20 non-primacy States (15 full and 5 partial) and on Indian lands. This
represents a decrease of two programs in 1988 because Indiana and Mississippi are
expected to receive primacy in 1989. EPA will propose revisions to existing UIC
regulations for Class II wells, review alternative methods for demonstrating mechan-
ical integrity of wells for which no current method is acceptable, and initiate
a study to determine whether Class I hazardous waste regulations should apply to
all Class I wells.
DW-34
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In addition to implementing Federal programs in non-primacy States, EPA will
oversee and provide technical assistance to primacy States. The Regions will
evaluate State efforts In implementing their programs to ensure that the programs
continue to meet the minimum regulatory requirements. The Agency will review State
permits to ensure that they are issued in accordance with approved State programs
and see that the permit conditions are being properly enforced. Other oversight
activities will Include reviewing State non-compliance reports, compiling annual
report data, preparing State-specific guidance documents and administering the
State grant program.
EPA will revise regulations for the control of Class V well types that have
been identified as "high risk", such as untreated waste disposal wells. These well
types are potentially a serious threat to underground sources of drinking water
(USDW) of the Class V wells, based on such factors as location/usability of USDWs,
well construction, nature of injection fluid, and injected volume.
The Regions will continue to implement monitoring requirements for Class I
injection wells as required under the SOWA Amendments of 1986. This will Include a
review of monitoring requirements that need to be addressed 1n non-primacy States.
The Regions will assist Indian Tribes who are working toward assuming primacy as
authorized by the SDWA Amendments. For those States without primacy, the Regions
will continue to implement Federal programs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $5,648,700 supported by 145.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Agency continues to implement Federal programs in 22 non-primacy States (16
full and 6 partial) and on Indian lands. Under existing regulations, EPA is in-
creasing efforts to bring enforcement and/or regulatory action against Class V
wells which endanger underground sources of drinking water by targeting vulnerable
areas and "high risk" Class V wells. The Regions continue to emphasize permit
determinations and are responsible for ensuring compliance with the permit require-
ments by conducting on-site inspections and witnessing and reviewing mechanical
integrity tests. Other activities include the development of site-specific guid-
ances, maintaining inventory data, and preparing annual reports.
To implement Federal programs in non-primacy States, EPA oversees and provides
technical assistance to primacy States and evaluates State efforts in implementing
their programs to ensure that the programs continue to meet the minimum regulatory
requirements. As in the direct implementation programs, the Regions focus on.State
permitting programs. The Agency reviews State permits to ensure that they are
issued in accordance with approved State programs and that permit conditions are
being properly enforced.
In addition to activities in primacy and non-primacy States, the Regions are
implementing monitoring requirements for Class I injection wells as required under
the SDWA Amendments of 1986. This includes a review of monitoring requirements in
non-primacy States. The Regions are providing assistance to Indian Tribes who are
working toward assuming primacy as authorized by the SDWA Amendments.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $5,423,800 supported by 145.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
DM-3 5
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The Agency implemented Federal programs 1n 24 States and on Indian lands. As
1n the past, this program continued to focus on making permit determinations and on
eliminating the backlog of permits for Class II wells 1n accordance with the 5-year
permitting schedule. ' The Regions conducted on-site Inspections, witnessed mechan-
ical Integrity tests and conducted record reviews to ensure that requirements were
met. In cases where violations were found, the Regions used Administrative Orders
to bring about compliance.
Regional activities in primacy States Included general oversight (review of
well-record reports, operator reports, review of State-issued permits, and annual
report data) and technical assistance through the Issuance of guidance documents or
on-site assistance. The Regions actively encouraged States to promote compliance
through on-slte Inspections, record reviews, and mechanical integrity tests. The
Regions, through quarterly reporting data, reviewed the States' progress and took
action as was necessary in cases where the program was not being properly enforced.
Other Regional activities Included the completion of the Class V assessment, mainte-
nance of inventory data, and program grant administration.
DW-36
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DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
i
to
PROGRAM
Ground-Water Protection .
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Ground-Water TOTAL
Protection
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987
$2,887.6
$2,733.5
$5,621.1
$2,887.6
$2,733.5
$5,621.1
53.2
53.2
61.7
61.7
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS I*
$4,487.3
$3,000.0
$7,487.3
$4,487.3
$3,000.0
$7,487.3
81.6
81.6
81.6
81.6
ENACTED
1988
1 THOUSANDS]
$3,692.7
$3,350.0
$7,042.7
$3,692.7
$3,350.0
$7,042.7
81.6
81.6
81.6
81.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
1
t
$3,692.7
$3,200.0
$6,892.7
$3,692.7
$3,200.0
$6,892.7
78.0
78.0
81.1
81.1
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
$3,924.3 $231.6
$3,000.0 -$200.0
$6,924.3 $31.6
$3,924.3 $231.6
$3,000.0 -$200.0 Compliance
$6,924.3 $31.6
81.1 3.1
81.1 3.1
81.1
81.1
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DRINKING WATER
Ground-Water Protection
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,924,300 supported by 81.1 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $31,600 over 1988. Of the request, $3,924,300 will be for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,000,000 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, an increase of $231,600 and a decrease of
$200,000, respectively.
Program Description
Ground-Water Protection The primary goals of the ground-water protection
program are to provide national leadership and assistance to States in their efforts
to protect and preserve ground-water resources; prevent contamination which may
have an adverse affect on human health and the environment; provide EPA with a con-
sistent policy framework which takes the use, value, and vulnerability of ground
water into account; and advance technology transfer and training on ground-water
protection and prevention issues. The primary means of achieving these goals is
through implementation of EPA's Ground-Water Protection Strategy and the ground-
water provisions in the 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (sections
1424[e] and 1428).
GROUND-WATER PROTECTION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,924,300 supported by 81.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,924,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an increase of $231,600 and a decrease of $200,000, respec-
tively, and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and Expenses
reflects increased personnel costs and the publication of technical assistance
documents for use by the States in the development and implementation of their
ground-water protection programs. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects the expected completion of a Congress!onally mandated study on point and
non-point pollution in the Spokane-Rathdrum Sole Source Aquifer.
In 1989, the Agency will continue to provide technical assistance to States in
the area of wellhead protection and will, in particular, provide outreach and support
efforts to those Indian tribes initiating wellhead protection activities. Section
1428 of SDWA requires that States develop a program to protect wells that supply
public water systems from contaminants which may have an adverse effect on human
health. Assisting the States in how to determine the parameters of a wellhead
protection area as well as providing technical information on the wide variety of
approaches to wellhead protection are central to EPA's collaborative role with the
States in protecting ground-water resources which serve as public water supplies.
EPA will also have the responsibility to assure that other Federal agencies are
aware of and have the necessary information to comply with the States' requirements
on wellhead protection activities, if the States choose to utilize the authority in
the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986. In addition, the Agency
will coordinate the transmittal of mandated State reports on their wellhead protec-
tion efforts.
Major emphasis will be placed on State ground-water protection strategies in
1989. In addition to implementing their strategies. States will be concurrently
DW-38
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reviewing and refining their current strategy efforts to focus on the totality
of their ground-water protection and cleanup concerns. The Agency will issue
guidance on this comprehensive approach and will provide technical and financial
assistance (through Clean Water Act (CWA) section 106 grants) to enable States to
determine clearly the protection measures needed for their ground-water resources,
particularly in relation to the uses of the resource. This comprehensive strategy
will provide States with flexibility in setting priorities for their ground-water
protection activities.
EPA will continue working to incorporate the classification guidelines for
ground-water resources in all pertinent EPA programs, promoting this policy with
States, and assisting States in the development and application of their own
classification systems.
In 1989, the Agency will continue both to designate Sole Source Aquifers
(SSAs) and to review projects financially assisted by the Federal government which
may affect a designated SSA.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,892,700 supported by 81.1
total workyears for this program, of which $3,692,700 is for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,200,000 Is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1988, the Agency will direct activities toward providing stateof-the-
art knowledge and technological approaches in the area of wellhead protection.
States are looking to EPA for expert advice and consultation on the methodologies
and approaches to the hydrogeologic and other assessments pertinent to the delinea-
tion of Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPAs), a key feature of the WHP program.
Direct EPA involvement in supporting States' efforts will be augmented by the
development and publication of technical assistance documents on such WHP issues as
contingency planning for alternative sources of water supplies, assessing and
managing risk in WHPAs, and identifying arid controlling for sources of contaminants
in WHPAs. Training sessions for State and Indian tribe officials, initiated in
1987, will continue and will be expanded to include the technical aspects of well-
head protection.
The issuance of the ground-water classification guidelines is an important
step in achieving a national focus on ground-water protection. Final ground-water
classification guidelines will be issued in 1988 and will be implemented as Agency
policy. The classification system will be incorporated into regulations, guide-
lines and policy statements of all Agency programs with ground-water elements and
offers a consistent approach for determining ground-water protection and cleanup
activities based on the use, value, and vulnerability of the resource. EPA will
work with States which have ground-water classification systems to help determine
the equivalence of the State systems to EPA's and the application of the State
systems to Federal programs where appropriate, and will assist interested States in
establishing similar/equivalent systems.
The Agency is continuing to assist States in developing and implementing
ground-water protection strategies in order to achieve the goal of every State
having a completed and comprehensive ground-water protection strategy in place and
implementation in process by the end of 1988.
In 1988, the Agency will implement a ground-water repository system which has
the capability to store, share, and analyze data collected by EPA, the States and
private industry, on the quality of ground water, as well as to be linked with
other ground water related systems such USGS. The data-sharing system, part of
DW-39
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the Agency's STORE! system, will be used by States as well as Agency programs.
Related to this activity is an endeavor to develop common data standards, formats,
and guidance for ground-water data collection and storage for EPA programs with
ground-water protection issues.
The Agency will continue to designate Sole Source Aquifers (SSAs) in 1988. It
is estimated that the number of designated SSAs will increase to approximately 50
by the end of 1988.
The Agency, in conjunction with the appropriate State and local agencies, will
also initiate a study to identify existing and potential point and non-point sources
of pollution, as well as possible control measures, in the Spokane-Rathdrum Valley
Aquifer in Washington and Idaho.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,621,100 supported by 61.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,887,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,733,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In the 1986 SDWA Amendments, Congress established a new program which focuses
direct attention on ground-water resources, particularly those which serve as
drinking water supplies for public water systems. The legislative intent of the
Wellhead Protection program is that it be a State-developed and State-administered
program with the Federal government providing major technical, assistance and support
for State efforts. In fact, EPA was directed to issue guidances to assist States
in the program by June 1987. Consequently, the Agency assembled workgroups composed
of EPA, State, and local representatives, as well as other experts in the field of
wellhead protection, to focus on programmatic and technical aspects of wellhead
protection, including the delineation of wellhead protection areas (WHPAs). Guid-
ance on- the delineation of WHPAs was issued in accordance with its statutory dead-
line and has been acknowledged as a significant accomplishment in this new and
emerging environmental concern. In addition, EPA issued guidance on the overall
development of a Wellhead Protection program. These two documents provided the
framework for a national program to train State, local and tribal officials in the
WHP program during the summer of 1987.
Also in 1987, EPA implemented a streamlined process for reviewing petitions
for the designation of Sole Source Aquifers. In 1987, the Agency completed review
and approval procedures on 10 of these petitions. Furthermore, an interim rule on
criteria for identifying and establishing critical aquifer protection areas was
published in the Federal Register in accordance with the requirement in the SDWA
Amendments of 1986^
In early 1987 the Agency issued draft ground-water classification guidelines
which are being established as Agency policy. EPA continued to assist States in
their ground-water program efforts, including the management of the CWA sect ion*10fi
ground-water grants for the development and implementation of State ground-water
protection strategies. By the end of 1987, approximately 31 States and Territories
had developed and adopted strategies, and 23 States/Territories were in varying
stages of completing their strategies.
DW-40
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
ENFORCEMENT
Drinking Water Enforcement. DW-42
DW-41
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Drinking Water
Enforcement
Salaries 4 Expenses
$2,530.3 $4,573.1 $3,558.6 $3,558.6 $3,777.9 $219.3
TOTAL $2,530.3 $4,573.1 $3,558.6 $3,558.6 $3,777.9 $219.3
£
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Drinking Water
Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$2,530.3 $4,573.1 $3,558.6 $3,558.6 $3,777.9 $219.3
TOTAL $2,530.3 $4,573.1 $3,558.6 $3,558.6 $3,777.9 $219.3
Drinking Water
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
57.8
57.8
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
84.4
84.4
90.7
90.7
6.3
6.3
Drinking Water
Enforcement
62.9
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
62.9
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
-------
Enforcement
-------
DRINKING WATER
Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,777,900 supported by 90.7 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $219,300 from 1988. All of the request is for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
Drinking Water Enforcement The program ensures that the nation's Public
Water Systems(PWSs)and Underground Injection Control (UIC) owners/operators
comply with the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in primacy as well
as non-primacy States and on Indian Lands. The SDWA Amendments of 1986 call for
EPA to develop more stringent standards and a host of revised regulations in order
to protect public health and keep drinking water sources free from contamination.
The effects of the revised regulations on the universe of public water systems are
difficult to ascertain; however, the incidence of non-compliance is expected to
increase, particularly among small systems that have limited capabilities and
resources to meet the requirements. The drinking water program has therefore made
substantial revisions to its compliance and implementation strategy to reduce non-
compliance and eventually eliminate a significant number of PWS violations. The
program will also implement a mobilization program which includes support from
other Federal agencies, discussions with concerned members of the private sector
(e.g. insurance agencies), public interest groups, and professional organizations
such as the American Water Works Association (AWWA).
The definitions of significant non-compliers (SNCs) in the PWS and UIC pro-
grams have been revised to allow for a greater enforcement presence in cases where
systems/wells posed the most serious threats to human health and the environment.
The PWS Supervision program now incorporates chemical/radiological violations and
violations of compliance schedules and the UIC program has expanded its definition
to include all classes of injection wells.
DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,777,900 supported by 90.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $219,300 which reflects increased personnel, costs.
1989 will mark an active year for enforcement actions due to the need to en-
sure compliance with new standards and monitoring requirements, and provisions for
unregulated contaminant monitoring established in the 1986 Amendments.
Headquarters will help establish the criterion for "high risk" contaminant
problems and support actions taken against Class V wells that have been identified
as threatening to underground sources of drinking water (USDW). In addition, the
program will continue to oversee the progress of civil enforcement cases including
review of Regional enforcement referral documents and case files, and monitoring
the progress of cases at the Department of Justice (DOJ) to ensure resolution after
referral. The review of these cases will be facilitated through the use of the
Administrative Order (AO) compliance tracking system which will monitor the status
of Notices of Violation (NOVs), AOs .and the corresponding activities related to
enforcement actions. This tracking system will provide Headquarters with an
DW-43
-------
accurate Inventory of cases, allow for a more consistent and documented Information
exchange between the Regions and Headquarters, and provide information for appro-
priate follow-up activities once enforcement actions are initiated.
The Regional offices will focus their resources to help systems in non-primacy
States and Indian lands adapt to the host of new requirements and keep additional
non-compliance rates to a minimum. These efforts will include the use of NOVs,
compliance orders, and civil referrals to DOJ for more serious maximum contaminant
level (MCL) violations. The programs will provide support for cases prepared by
Regional Counsels and coordinate with other offices to present accurate and verifi-
able compliance information when necessary. An area of increased emphasis for the
Regions will be to follow through to ensure that States take appropriate action to
bring the SNCs into compliance, to avoid Regional enforcement actions against
violators.
Class I UIC wells (waste disposal injections) will require increased attention
in 1989 because of the continuing need to issue and reissue permits and because of
the new monitoring regulation. Failure to apply for a permit, test for well mechan-
ical Integrity, or provide monitoring reports will provide sufficient grounds for
Regional enforcement actions.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,558,600 supported by 90.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
A number of statutory requirements take effect in 1988 which are requiring
the enforcement of public notification procedures, volatile organic contaminant
(VOC) monitoring requirements, and monitoring for unregulated contaminants.
The Regional programs continue to issue AOs against violators of PUS and UIC
program requirements to achieve compliance with regulations and standards set by
the Agency. The issuance of AOs is the cornerstone of the enforcement program in
establishing a Federal presence which will help minimize the number of violations
EPA must address.
While attention is directed toward the SNCs, a thorough coverage of all viola-
tions is necessary. The Regional offices are concentrating on reducing the rate
of non-compliance using their resources in the most efficient way possible and
using experience gained in 1987 to initiate enforcement actions quickly and appro-
priately.
The implementation and utilization of the AO tracking system will help the
program maintain a current inventory of the actions under enforcement considera-
tions. The tracking system also helps to determine the status of the actions and
the level of involvement needed by the Agency. The Regions are Involved in assisting
Regional Counsels with documentation concerning violations which require additional
and more stringent enforcement actions and participating in activities related to
civil enforcement referrals to the DOJ.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,530,300 supported by 62.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
Numerous Administrative Orders were issued in this first year of commitment
to reduce the universe of MCL violations. A number of achievements have contribu-
ted to the Importance of the enforcement program Including a precedent-setting AO
DU-44
-------
which required the abandonment of 1,388 wells and a series of AOs with Pennzoll
Corporation to plug and abandon certain oil and gas production wells. The PWS
program Issued 184 enforcement actions against violators while the UIC program Issued
107. The UIC program also produced the first successful criminal prosecution under
the SDWA which received wide publicity for the conviction of a well owner who
falsified test results.
1987 also marked the Initiation of the timely and appropriate determination
for States. The provisions of this Initiative set out a tlmeframe and several
enforcement actions-which States should use to promote compliance among the water
systems within their jurisdiction. Appropriate actions were defined 1n four cate-
gories: 1) State Issuance of an Administrative Order, 2) referral to State
Attorney General, 3) filing of a criminal case, or 4) establishing a bilateral
agreement between the State and the violator which Includes a compliance schedule.
In the one-year period ending 1n March, 1986 there were over 1400 SNCs. Nine months
later the States had addressed 482 of these. For the period ending August 30,
1986, the States had taken action on 357 of the 1,245 SNCs.
Statistics reflecting the efficiency of the timely and appropriate actions
were encouraging, with 34% of all SNC systems resolved within the allowed tlmeframe.
The states themselves were active 1n enforcement, taking a total of 313 enforcement
actions in 1987.
DW-45
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE HW-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research HW-R
Scientlf 1 c Assessment HW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance HW-15
Health Effects HW-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology H4-17
Environmental Processes and Effects HW-18
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research HW-19
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-21
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste HW-25
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air & Radiation HW-27
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water HW-27
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks... HW-30
F1 nanci al Assi stance HW-32
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States........ HW-33
Hazardous Waste Initiative Grants.... HW-35
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants HW-36
Waste Management Strategies Implementation HW-37
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-39
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III HW 42
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-45
HW-1
-------
APPROPRIATION
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research 4 Development
TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
$66,980.7 $74,312.4 $72,737.0 $72,737.0 $73,769.6 $1,032.6
$154,240.8 $149,255.8 $159,968.0 $155,976.9 $161,493.8 $5,516.9
$35,179.5 $30,737.2 $30,121.2 $30,391.2 $27,164.2 -$3,227.0
$256,401.0 $254,305.4 $262,826.2 $259,105.1 $262,427.6 $3,322.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
1,360.9 1,374.1 1,415.8 1,386.2 1,402.9 16.7
1,413.2 1,485.4 1,415.8 1,492.9 1,492.9
$251,921.7 $241,089.1 $226,907.9 $243,412.2 $251,030.4 $7,618.2
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 reauthorized this
program at a level of $249,529,000 for 1988. Reauthorlzatlon for
1989 1s pending.
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended by the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA)
of 1984, provides the legislative mandate for a nationwide program to safely and
effectively manage hazardous wastes from generation through disposal.
This mandate can be achieved by developing and implementing a program that:
establishes regulatory priorities by assessing the risk of different hazardous
waste management activities; permits facilities that provide safe capacity; and
closes those facilities that cannot operate in accordance with regulatory require-
ments. A highly visible compliance monitoring program, supported by timely and
appropriate enforcement action against violators, will provide the credible
deterrence that is needed to meet this mandate. Informing the public of these
risk trade-offs will build an educated constituency that will be better able to
understand and participate in the regulatory decision-making process.
Although the Agency has made substantial progress towards, the major milestones
established by HSWA, mucti yet remains to be accomplished to ensure that current
and future waste management practices are, and continue to be, protective of human
health and the environment.
A significant portion of the hazardous waste universe is not yet adequately
defined or regulated. As additional handlers become regulated through HSWA,
environmental contamination at many active, closed and underground storage tank
(LIST) facilities must be addressed through permitting and corrective action
requirements. Regulations must be develope'1 with increased emphasis on imple-
mentation and enforcement, and State permitting and enforcement capabilities
must be augmented.
To address these areas, the Agency has developed a strategy that encompasses
six major objectives. These are to: (1) implement strong State programs; (2)
emphasize permitting of hazardous waste facilities; (3) strengthen compliance
monitoring and enforcement; (4) develop new regulations and significantly improve
existing regulations; (5) develop and implement a regulatory program for under-
ground storage tanks; and (6) conduct research and development to support
regulatory programs.
Implement Strong State Programs
Effective national management of hazardous wastes is dependent on a strong
partnership between the States and the Federal goverm«nt. An important pre-
requisite to that relationship is States' assumption of authorization for the HSWA
provisions. To encourage HSWA authorization, EPA will work closely with the States
to determine which State legislative and regulatory modifications are necessary
for States to achieve equivalence with the Federal program. The States will con-
tinue to modify their authorities to incorporate the relevant HSWA provisions into
their programs.
EPA will assist the States in upgrading their programs to meet new and
modified Federal standards and by continuing to provide technical assistance,
training, guidance, and financial support. The Agency and the States will continue
to operate within the Interim National Criteria, which defines key factors and
performance expectations for managing and evaluating the RCRA program. EPA will
continue to manage and evaluate the State grant process and to coordinate the
transition to the new RCRA information management system.
HW-3
-------
Emphasize Permitting of Hazardous Waste Facilities
Permitting activities are significantly affected by HSWA permits must
Incorporate applicable HSWA provisions resulting 1n a more extensive and
complex permitting program at both the State and Federal levels. Requirements
such as double liners, corrective action for prior releases, exposure assessments,
and land disposal restriction provisions entail more extensive effort on each
permit, particularly regarding corrective action of releases from solid waste
management units.
In addition, permit modifications will become Increasingly Important, complex,
and numerous as these new requirements go Into effect, as corrective action
requirements are further defined, and as facilities modify their processes to
minimize waste or expand their capacity.
The Agency and the States will continue to jointly process and Issue permits,
with States preparing those portions of RCRA permits for which they are authorized,
and EPA preparing those portions of the permits for which States are not yet
authorized. The major permitting objectives Include meeting the November 1988
deadline for permitting land disposal facilities and meeting the November 1989
deadline for permitting Incineration facilities.
Strengthen Enforcement, Corrective Action and Compliance Monitoring
The Agency will develop enforcement strategies for new regulations, such as
corrective action and new waste listings, and complete strategies for cross-media
concerns, such as air emissions from RCRA facilities and municipal waste combus-
tion. The Agency will provide training and technical assistance to the Regions and
States for these new requirements, with particular emphasis in policy or precedent-
setting areas, such as the new land disposal restriction or corrective action
requirements.
Corrective action activities at operating and environmentally significant
closing facilities will be expanded. Facilities requiring corrective action will
be addressed through the most appropriate RCRA authority or through the use of
Superfund enforcement and program authorities In selected Instances. The Agency
will continue to seek the owner/operators' cooperation in determining the nature
and extent of contamination and in developing corrective action alternatives that
reduce the potential for cleanup under Superfund, and to provide effective
oversight for actions initiated.
As required by policy and statute, the Agency will continue to inspect land
disposal and treatment and storage facilities to review their compliance with
existing requirements, as well as new permit, closure, and corrective action
requirements. In addition, significant generators will be Inspected to ensure
compliance with the new land ban regulations. Commercial facilities will also be
Inspected to ensure that off-site Superfund wastes will be managed In an environ-
mentally safe manner. Program reviews, oversight Inspections, and enforcement
actions will be conducted in States when appropriate. The Agency will tie its
enforcement efforts to those facilities that are deemed high-priority violators
due to the type, the severity, and/or the frequency of violation and will initiate
enforcement action in a timely and appropriate manner.
Develop New and Revise Existing Regulations
The Agency will develop new regulations and revise its existing regulations in
order to maintain the protective integrity of the regulatory program in a dynamic,
constantly changing national marketplace. Major emphasis will focus on further
definition of the hazardous waste universe, predicated on a risk-based approach to
determining what should or should not fall into various categories of regulation.
Development of clear national standards for a strong State-implemented solid
HW-4
-------
(non-hazardous) waste management program will ensure that public health... 1s
protected 1n this Important emerging area. The Agency will promulgate several
major mandated regulations Including rules requiring corrective action for releases
of hazardous constituents from solid waste management units, location standards for
new and existing hazardous waste facilities, and rules banning land disposal of
untreated hazardous wastes for the second Third of listed wastes.
The Agency will enhance its efforts to address emerging solid waste management
(Subtitle D) Issues by serving as a national technical clearinghouse for solid
waste Information, research, options, and guidelines. The Agency will promulgate
revised criteria and develop guidance for municipal solid waste landfills, collect
Information on Industrial Subtitle D units and assist the States, which are
responsible for Implementing solid waste management programs. Work will also
continue on municipal waste combustion ash, Including conducting analyses and
Issuing guidance on ash management.
The Agency will continue development of a risk-based decision-making system
that will serve as a basis for future regulation and policy development. This
system will take Into account site-specific and other unique considerations to
capture those wastes that are potentially hazardous and exclude wastes that are
not. Management standards will be reviewed to ensure a continuum of control that
matches the degree of hazard posed by a waste to the stringency of regulations
governing management of that waste. Activities toward this end will Include
revising hazardous waste lists based on concentration of toxic constituents.
Develop and Implement the UST Program .
With the promulgation of the financial responsibility regulation for hazardous
substance tanks in 1989, all major Federal regulations will be in place. However,
regulatory efforts will still be required in the area of used oil tanks, bulk
storage tanks, and a variety of individual sumps and reservoirs.
The Agency's objective 1s to encourage and support continual improvements in
State UST programs. The thrust of the program will center on implementation
of the prevention program by the States. The Agency will review and approve State
program applications. The Agency will assist States in developing State program
legislation, and alternative program funding mechanisms. In addition, the Agency
will work together with the States to explore State trust funds to provide
financial assurance in the absence of commercially available Insurance.
The Agency will continue to provide practical support to the States and local
governments, which are the implementors of this program. Technical studies in such
areas as release detection and corrective action will continue. The results of
these studies will be widely distributed in non-technical formats such as brochures
and videotapes. The Agency will provide training and technical assistance to the
States to assist them in their outreach to the more than 3,000 counties and the
regulated community.
Conduct Research and Development to Support Hazardous Waste Regulatory Program
The Research and Development program will develop scientific and technical
information to support hazardous waste regulatory development and implementation.
Major thrusts include continued development of analytical methods to identify
hazardous wastes and improved methods for monitoring of groundwater. Areas of
continued research effort include: studies of contaminant behavior in groundwater
to allow for improved evaluation approaches; identification and evaluation of
alternatives to conventional means of disposing and destroying wastes; evaluation
of controls for emissions from municipal waste combustors; and engineering studies
to improve design, installation, corrective action and leak.detection methods for
underground storage tanks. Work will continue on waste minimization and risk
assessments to support listing and waste-banning decisions. A risk assessment
methodology for municipal waste combustors will be completed.
HW-5
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Budget Current
Actual Estimate Estimate Request
1987 1988 1988 1989
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1989 vs 1988
Regulations
RCRA Standards* 28 39 46 44
Proposals . 19 14 27 22
Promulgations. 9 25 19 22
Listings/Variances 104 302 114 162
Listings 3 12 9 7
Dell sting Petition
Review 95 95 25 25
Case-by-Case Extensions 5 40 20 10
BOAT Variance Review 0 75 5 5
No Migration Petitions...... 1 80 30 50
UIC Petition Reviews * ** 25 65
Implementation
Guidances 31 27 45 29
Reports to Congress 3362
State Authorizations:
Base Program 42 49 44 47
Non-HSWA Cluster 1 4 ** 33 9
Non-HSWA Cluster II 1 ** 37 10
Non-HSWA Cluster III... 1 ** 10 21
HSWA Cluster 1 2 ** 8 22
Final Permit:
Determinations 722 971 637 583
(cumulative) 2,757 3,836 3,394 3,977
UIC Permit Revisions * ** 50 150
Enforcement and Corrective Actions
Inspections 12,867 13,250 12,352 12,370
Administrative Orders 1,386 1,700 1,595 1,641
Civil Litigation 169 324 246 248
Criminal Litigation 73 117 109 109
Corrective Action
Facility Assessments 467 605 231 117
Monitoring of Corrective
Action Activities 73 ** 248 336
POTW Corrective Measures.... * ** 15 105
-5
+3
+48
-2
-10
+20
+40
-16
-4
+3
-24
-27
+11
+14
-54
+583
+100
+18
+46
+2
-114
+88
+90
+OutputsFortReOfficeo?Water's Hazardous Waste Regulatory Development
Activities are not included
* Not reported in 1987
** Not reported in 1988
HW-6
-------
ENVIROMMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Waste Research.. ... HW-8
Scientif 1 c Assessment HW-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance HW-15
He alIt h E f f ect s HW-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology HW-17
Environmental Processes and Effects HW-18
Integrated Hazardous Waste Research HW-19
HW-7
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
oo
Scientific Assessment -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research A Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Hazardous Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering 4
Technology - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
$1,183.7
$2,808.1
$3,991.8
$3,972.4
$10,261.7
$14,234.1
$646.4
$1,805.8
$2,452.2
$5,302.6
$11,703.5
$17,006.1
$3,538.7
$6,100.4
$9,639.1
$1,343.7
$2,990.4
$4,334.1
$4,227.3
$10,058.4
$14,285.7
$713.6
$1,908.5
$2,622.1
$5,711.6
$10,153.9
$15,865.5
$3,451.7
$5,626.0
$9,077.7
$1,276.7
$2,443.9
$3,720.6
$3,994.8
$9,390.4
$13,385.2
$682.2
$964.0
$1,646.2
$5,157.3
$9,850.9
$15,008.2
$3,209.8
$4,672.0
$7,881.8
$1,276.7
$2,443.9
$3,720,6
$3,994.8
$9,274.8
$13,269.6
$682.2
$950.2
$1.632.4
$5,157.3
$10,322.6
$15,479.9
$3,209.8
$4,599.7
$7,809.5
$1.304.7
$2.443.9
$3,748.6
$4,082.3
$9,274.8
$13,357.1
$697.1
$950.2
$1.647.3
$4.810.7
$10.011.7
$14.822.4
$3.280.1
$4.483.6
$7,763.7
$28.0
$28.0
$87.5
$87.5
$14.9
$14.9
-$346.6
-$310.9
-$657.5
$70.3
-$116.1
-$45.8
-------
Research
and Development
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1; Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternate Technologies
1989; c Technical Resource Document on the minimization and control of hazardous
waste combustion by-products (Engineering)
0 Waste Minimization Audits Guidance Manual (Engineering)
0 Summary of performance of existing treatment systems for control of
hazardous wastes banned from land disposal (Engineering)
1988; * Report on evaluation of Innovative technology for the treatment of haz-
ardous waste streams (Engineering)
* Report on emerging chemical and biological treatment methods for halogen-
ated aromatic chemical waste streams (Engineering)
1987; ° Technical Resource Document for metals/cyanides, corrosives, and halogen-
ated organ1cs (Engineering)
* Report on decontamination of PCB-bearing sediments (Engineering)
Objective 2: Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk Assess-
ments
1989: e Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sc1. Assessment)
8 Uncertainty analysis In model selection criteria (Sci. Assessment)
0 Field validation of solute transport model for prediction of waste con-
centrations in groundwater (Envir. Processes)
e Report on hydrolysis rate constants for enhancing property-reactivity
correlations (Envir. Processes)
1988; Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sc1. Assessments)
Risk Assessment Field Guide for RCRA (Sci. Assessment)
User's Manual for Metals-Speciation Model (MINTEQ) ( Envir. Processes)
1987: Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (Sci. Assessment)
Report on organic multimedia human exposure model (Envir. Processes)
Objective 3; Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address
Pioxin
1989: ° Report on plant uptake of dioxin (Envir. Processes)
1988; ° Impact of pharmacokinetics on 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure and risk assessments
(Sci. Assessment)
c Final Report on pharmacokinetics and immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in
rhesus monkeys (Sci. Assessment)
0 Report on ingestion of soil by children (Sci. Assessment)
° Photodegradation evaluation of dioxins in soils (Envir. Processes)
1987: ° Final Report on vapor-phase photolysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Sci. Assessment)
HW-11
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Objective 4; Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals in Wastes
1989; ° Evaluation of the proximity of Subtitle-D sites to wet environments
(Monitoring)
0 Development of automated expert systems for determining location
standards for Subtitle-D facilities in wet environments (Monitoring)
1988; e Guidance Document for determining monitoring methods for Subtitle-D sites
in or near wet environments (Monitoring)
1987: ° Report on hazardous waste generator data and characteristics of sanitary
landfills in Florida (Monitoring)
Objective 5; Develop Data to Support Implementation of Land Disposal Regulations
1989: " Guidance Document for landfills (Envir. Engineering)
0 Guidance Document for surface impoundments (Envir. Engineering)
1988: e Expert System for evaluating RCRA closure plans (Envir. Engineering)
1987; ° Technical Resource Document: Design, construction and evaluation of
clay liners for waste management facilities (Envir. Engineering)
Objective 6: Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regula-
tions
1989; * Detailed methodology-risk assessment for incinerators (Sci. Assessment)
c Best Practices Manual for hazardous waste destruction in high tempera-
ture industrial processes (Envir. Engineering)
1988: ° Report on Vermont model incinerator/resource recovery facility assess-
ment (Sci. Assessment)
1987; ° Interim report on assessment of health risks associated with exposure to
municipal waste combustion emissions (Sci. Assessment)
Objective 7; Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program
1989; e Provide quality control samples for RCRA Appendix VIII chemicals (Moni-
toring)
1988; * Annual Report on quality control samples program for RCRA (Monitoring)
1987; * Annual Report on quality control samples program for RCRA (Monitoring)
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases
1989: * Report on the evaluation of automatic product monitoring devices for
underground storage tanks (Envir. Engineering)
1988: ° Report on results of long-term monitoring program at three UST sites
(Monitoring)
1987; * Report on available methods for detecting underground storage tank
leaks (Monitoring)
HW-12
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $41,339,100 supported by 222.8 total workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $3,372,900 and a decrease of 8.1 total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $14,174,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$27,164,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, decreases of
$145,900 and $3,227,000 respectively.
Program Description
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) authorizes a regulatory
program to identify and manage wastes which pose a substantial hazard to human
health or the environment. The Act also requires the promulgation of standards
related to Underground Storage Tank systems for both chemicals and petroleum
products. Research pursued in this program provides the scientific and engineer-
ing basis for characterizing wastes, determining the hazards they pose, and formu-
lating controls. Section 311 of the Clean Water Act also mandates some of the
research conducted under this program, specifically the hazardous materials release
efforts. This program provides for research in conjunction with private Industry
to develop the scientific data necessary for preventing, controlling, cleaning up
and disposing of hazardous material releases.
Objective 1: Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies.
This research supports implementation of RCRA provisions that require the banning
of high hazard wastes from land disposal. The effectiveness of treatment alter-
natives and waste altering processes is being evaluated and performance parameters
established.
Objective 2; Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk
Assessments.This research will develop risk assessment methodologies, as well as
actual risk assessments for use by decisionmakers regarding the listing/deli sting
of wastes and evaluation of exposure information contained 1n permit applications.
Objective 3; Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address
010X1117 This research evaluates the potential for human risk from dioxin in the
environment. Research supporting this objective is intended to help the Agency
assess and monitor the dioxin contamination problem and begin implementing proce-
dures for addressing it.
Objective 4: Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals 1n Wastes.
This research develops and validates the analytical procedures and techniques re-
quired to characterize wastes for Sections 3001 and 3013 of RCRA. These procedures
and techniques are used for listing and other regulatory decisions made by the
Office of Solid Waste.
Objective 5'; Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Land Disposal
Regulations.This research effort provides support for permitting of land disposal
and land treatment facilities as required by Section 3005 of RCRA. Support is
also provided for land disposal closure requirements.
Objective 6: Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration
Regulations.Thisresearch evaluates laboratory, pilot and full-scale units to
obtain performance data on a range of thermal treatment devices. In addition,
municipal waste combustion processes are evaluated. Results are used by permit-
ting officials to evaluate permit requests and to monitor for compliance with
performance requirements.
HW-13
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Objective 7: Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Pro-
gram.This activity provides a quality assurance program to ensure a scientific
data base of known quality exist to support RCRA regulatory activities. The program
Includes a repository of calibration standards, reference materials and on-s1te
evaluations of contractor laboratories.
Objective 8: Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases.
This research addresses requirements established by the Clean- Water Act (CWA) §311
and RCRA's Underground Storage Tank (UST) program. Research assesses the most
cost-effective technology and scientific techniques available to prevent and
control releases of hazardous substances.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,748,600 supported by 23.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,304,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,443,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $28,000 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in the Research and Development appropriation or in total workyears.
The Increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for scientific assessment activities.
Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments.
Health and environmentaleffects documents, reference doses, and technicalevalua-
tlons will be provided to support the RCRA listing, permitting and land disposal
restriction programs. A methodology for incorporating biomarkers data on dose
and effects Into risk assessments will be developed.
Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dloxin.
Research questions identified in the 1987 review of earlier dioxin risk assessments
will be investigated. Topics under consideration include additional work on reduc-
ing exposure uncertainties, evaluation of the extent of dioxin uptake, and deter-
mining the mechanism of dioxin Interaction with target organs.
Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regulations. A
comprehensive risk assessment methodology for evaluating health risks from munTci-
pal waste incineration will be completed. This methodology will ensure consistency
among existing approaches to assessing potential risks from incineration.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,720,600 supported by 23.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,276,700 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,443,900 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. In 1988, the program 1s emphasizing production of health and environ-
mental effects documents for the 11 sting/deli sting programs and reference doses
for the land disposal restriction program. Work 1s continuing on the determination
of patterns of soil ingestion in children for use 1n exposure assessments, and a
comprehensive risk assessment methodology to be used in evaluating risks from
municipal incineration is being developed to permit assessment of potential risks
from this disposal practice. The program will continue its assessment of a model
municipal waste combustor which was initiated during 1987.
HW-14
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,991,800 supported by 22.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,183,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,808,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1987 program emphasized preparation of health and environmental effects docu-
ments, reference doses, and carcinogen!city profiles. Six exposure Information
reports were reviewed and assistance on health/exposure assessment was provided to
workgroups and the permit assistance team. An assessment of a model municipal
waste combustor was Initiated.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,357,100 supported by 47.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,082,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $9,274,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $87,500 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in the Research and Development appropriation or in total workyears.
The increase 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support to evaluate methods to analyze hazardous chemicals in
wastes.
Develop Procedures to Identify and Measure Chemicals 1n Wastes. Research 1n
this program will provide validation of analytical methods and fill gaps or replace
SW-846 methods that show deficiencies in accuracy, precision or repeatability.
These SW-846 methods are used to determine the chemical composition of wastes,
detect trace levels of toxic constituents, and rapidly screen for hazardous
constituents. Automated methods for subsurface monitoring will be developed and
evaluated for their ability to detect and track waste plume migration toward and
into groundwater. An expert system will be developed for use in evaluating Subtitle-
0 facility locations. Remote sensing will be provided to assist permit writers.
New monitoring methods will be developed for Incinerator emissions, biodegraded/
chemically altered components of landfill leachates, and subsurface monitoring for
soil gases.
Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program. Samples and
reference materials67wasteswillBefurnishedto laboratories to standardize
monitoring methods and for calibration of RCRA analytical techniques.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Remote sensing
will be provided to the Regionsfor monitoring spills and spill threats under
emergency conditions in support of §311 of the Clean Water Act. In addition, leak
monitoring methods outside underground storage tanks will be evaluated in support
of leak prevention and corrective action. This activity will include evaluation of
leak monitoring methods to establish which existing instrumentation meets estab-
lished performance criteria.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,269,600 supported by 47.8
total workyears for this program, of which $3,994,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $9,274,800 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. Resources in 1988 are supporting RCRA requirements to determine waste
composition, to detect levels of toxic constituents in groundwater and in the
air, and to characterize hazardous constituents through the evaluation, validation,
and development of new protocols and methods for SW-R46. Monitoring methods are
being evaluated and developed for use at Subtitle-D landfills in wet environments
and fractured zones. Aerial photography is also being provided to assist in the
HW-15
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assessment and mitigation of spills from facilities engaged In production, storage,
processing, and distribution of hazardous materials. Performance criteria for
evaluating leak monitoring methods are being established and available techniques
for conducting external leak monitoring from underground storage tanks are being
evaluated.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $14,234,100 supported by 51.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,972,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,261,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1987, monitoring methods to detect hazardous constituents in groundwater,
air, and soils were developed, evaluated, and validated. Generic methods for
analysis of compounds containing hazardous constituents were developed. Advanced
analytical methods for waste detection were under development. Biological pro-
cedures were evaluated as possible analytical screening techniques. Over 40,000
quality control check samples and more than 25,000 organic calibration standards
were distributed to RCRA'laboratoMes. All contractor laboratories were evaluated.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,647,300 supported by 12.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $697,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $950,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This rep-
resents an increase of $14,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no
change in the Research and Development appropriation'or total workyears. The in-
crease in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of inhouse support for this program.
Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regulations. This
research willprovide methods and health effects data on municipal and hazardous
waste combustion emissions and residual complex mixtures to assist in the assessment
of potential human health risks. Combustion control technologies will be assessed
using biological potency methods to evaluate comparative hazard potential.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,632,400 supported .by 12.0
total workyears for this program, of which $682,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $950,200 1s from the Research and Development appropriation.
This research is assessing the potential for health effects from air emissions
and residues from incinerators using various bioassay procedures. Health endpoints
being considered include genotoxidty, pulmonary toxicology, and other major target
organ effects. The 1988 health effects program reflects a substantial resource
reduction from the 1987 level because of a shift from the development of toxlcity
screens for hazardous waste characterization to support for a systematic program
to reduce the uncertainty in risk assessments and to support a program focused on
health effects associated with waste incineration.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,452,200 supported by 12.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $646,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,805,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
A screening protocol for waste toxicity was completed and an Incineration health
effects program was initiated with the mutagenicity testing completed on 15 samples
from 6 hazardous waste Incinerators.
HW-16
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of '$14,822,400 supported by 84.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,810,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $10,011,700 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents decreases of $346,600 and $310,900 respectively, and a decrease of
8.1 total workyears. The decrease in these appropriations reflects the phasing
down of engineering evaluations for Best Demonstrated Applicable Technology (BOAT)
in support of the land disposal restriction program. The workyear decrease reflects
an Agency initiative to shift some Hazardous Waste engineering personnel to the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program.
Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternative Technologies. This research
will evaluate emerging alternative treatment processes for priority wastes likely
to be restricted from land disposal. Efforts in support of waste minimization
will provide the technical foundation for furthering the acceptance of technologies
that reduce the generation of hazardous waste. Technical Resource Documents will
be produced for use by State and Regional personnel and a summary report on the
performance evaluation program from inception to date will be prepared.
Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Land Disposal Regulations. Major
i s sues associated with disposal of hazardous waste to the land will be addressed
including construction quality assurance, liner leachate collection systems, com-
puterized expert systems, municipal solid waste disposal pollution potential, air
emissions from treatment, storage, and disposal facilities and research in support
of land disposal facility closure.
Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regulations. Th i s
program will provide performance assessments of various thermal destruction systems
tested at pilot- and full-scale. Information will be provided for both industrial
processes and incinerators to support regulation of toxic metal emissions and
emission of products of incomplete combustion. Methods will be developed for
predicting and avoiding intermittent operating conditions that result in process
failure and the inability to meet established performance standards. An evaluation
of new municipal waste incinerators will be completed.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Underground
storage tank research will result in publications on prevention practices, assess-
ment of retrofit technologies for leaking underground tanks, identification and
evaluation of reliable leak detection methods for chemical underground tanks, and
improvement of emergency response and remedial corrective action technologies.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,479,900 supported by 92.9
total workyears for this program, of which $5,157,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $10,322,600 is from the Research and Development
appropriation. Activities in 1988 include performance evaluations for alter-
natives to land disposal of wastes, investigating major land disposal issues,
and conducting performance evaluation for thermal destruction systems. Existing
technologies for detecting leaks from petroleum and chemical tank systems are
being evaluated and improved methods are being designed.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $17,006,100 supported by 98.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,302,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
HW-17
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appropriation and $11,703,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1987 program produced performance evaluations of treatment processes to estab-
lish BOAT for wastes under review for restriction from land disposal. Waste mini-
mization opportunity audits were conducted at four facilities, research continued
on chemical and biological processes for waste destruction (field testing and
laboratory testing both), information was provided on compacted solid liners and
flexible membrane liners, and data were produced to support rulemaking on Industrial
boilers that burn hazardous waste. A report on standard dispersant effectiveness
testing was completed and a new method for determining the effectiveness of chem-
ical dispersants for controlling floating hazardous materials was developed.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,763,700 supported by 55.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,280,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,483,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $70,300 and a decrease of $116,100 respectively, and
no change in total workyears. The increase the in Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for this program. The
decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects a shift of some
extramural research to the Inhouse research program.
Develop and Evaluate Procedures for Conducting Risk Assessments. Research
on multimediasite assessment models insupportof hazardouswaste listing and
delisting activities, methods for risk characterization of complex wastes, and
methods for predicting subsurface contamination will be undertaken. Complex mix-
tures will be emphasized and a transport model for predicting waste concentrations
in groundwater will be field evaluated. -
Conduct the Assessment and Control Research Necessary to Address Dioxin.
This research willstudy the extent of dioxin uptake by plants.Emphasis will
be placed on defining the conditions under which plant uptake could be a problem
in the food chain.
Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Further improve-
ment of the bioassessment protocol will occur. This protocol can be used by the
program office to test samples collected at spills and hazardous waste sites to
determine if they are bioavailable or toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
1988 Program .
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,809,500 supported by 55.1
total workyears for this program, of which $3,209,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,599,700 is from the Research, and Development appro-
priation. This research supports the listing, delisting, risk assessment, siting,
and land disposal restriction programs by providing multimedia assessment methods
and data. Laboratory experiments are being conducted to determine plant uptake of
dioxin. The multimedia bioassessment screening protocol used in evaluating damage
caused by spills and risks potentially associated with waste sites is being revised
based on the results of field evaluations. In addition, various studies are being
conducted on subsurface characteristics contributing to heavy metal contamination
of groundwater, on evaluation of immiscible flow processes controlling contaminant
transport in groundwater, and on validation of existing saturated and unsaturated
zone contaminant transport models are being conducted.
HW-18
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $9,639,100 supported by 48.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,538,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,100,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1987 the program completed the final version of a methodology to allow the
pollution potential of any hydrogeologic setting to be evaluated. A seminar was
conducted on transport and fate of contaminants 1n the subsurface, a user's manual
was prepared on the quantitative geochemlcal model for predicting the equilibrium
behavior of metal species in a variety of environments, and research studies indi-
cated that in situ biorestoratioh has the potential for remediation of aquifers
contam1nated~T>yleaking underground storage tanks.
INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1989. Having funded the
Center for Environmental Management at Tufts University since 1983, the Agency feels
this Center 1s now fully established and should seek continued funding on a compet-
itive basis. Other sources of funding are available from the private sector as
well as from other government sources.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,800,000 supported by no work-
years for this program, all of which is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. This program provides research funding to the Center for Environmental
Management located at Tufts University. The Tufts program is addressing a wide
variety of research and public policy issues including alternative technologies,
public perceptions associated with disposal facilities, devel opment of programs
for public education, health effects, risk communication, waste minimization, and
alternatives to whole animal testing.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,500,000 for this program from the
Research and Development appropriation. These resources were used to fund research
on health effects, monitoring systems, alternative technologies, and risk communi-
cation research projects. Several new health effects projects were initiated.
HW-19
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Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines and Policies HW-21
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous Waste HW-25
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air & Radiation HW-27
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water HW-27
Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground Storage Tanks... HW-30
Financial Assistance HW-32
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States HW-33
Hazardous Waste Initiative Grants HW-35
Underground Storage Tanks State Grants HW-36
Waste Management Strategies Implementation HW-37
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation.. HW-39
Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know - Title III HW 42
HW-20
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines 4 Policies
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$15,506.2 $15,689.7 $15,926.5 $15,926.5 $15,811.2 -$115.3
$42,048.8 $37,791.0 $40,267.2 $39,801.9 $41,386.0 $1,584.1
TOTAL $57,555.0 $53,480.7 $56,193.7 $55,728.4 $57,197.2 $1,468.8
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Air and
Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$555.1 $638.5 $621.4 $621.4 $627.6
$2,943.9 $3,265.0 $3,265.0 $3,265.0 $3,265.0
TOTAL $3,499.0 $3,903.5 $3,886.4 $3,886.4 $3,892.6
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Water
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,741.2
$6,062.4
$2,708.0
$5,325.0
$2,489.8
$5,325.0
$2,489.8
$4,585.0
$2,646.7
$5,325.0
$6.2
$6.2
$156.9
$740.0
TOTAL $7,803.6 $8,033.0 $7,814.8 $7,074.8 $7,971.7 $896.9
$1,867.7 $3,603.9 $3,506.3 $3,506.3 $3,550.7 $44.4
$9,886.3 $5,200.0 $5,200.0 $4.650.0 $4,200.0 -$450.0
TOTAL $11,754.0 $8,803.9 $8,706.3 $8,156.3 $7,750.7 -$405.6
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $76,812,200 supported by 377 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $1,966,300 and a decrease of 4.5 total workyears from
1988. Of the request, $22,636,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $54,176,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, Increases of $92,200 and $1,874,100, respectively.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactlvlty are:
Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies - Hazardous Waste ~ This program
provides nationaldirection for the Hazardous Waste management program under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, Including the Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. Activities Include promulgating and refin-
ing regulations for the Identification, tracking, management and disposal of
hazardous wastes; providing national oversight and guidance for Implementing
consistent State and Regional hazardous waste permitting programs; conducting
technical studies, regulatory Impact analyses and economic analyses; and assessing
control options and technologies necessary for regulatory decision-making.
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air and Radiation The major objective
of this program is setting air emission standards as required by HSWA for area
sources at hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs).
These regulations will protect public health from previously unregulated sources
of toxic air pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). TSDFs are. a
potentially large source of emissions for which virtually no Federal or State air
regulations exist because of the complex nature of the source category, a lack of
technical data, and a lack of demonstrated control systems.
RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water This program provides support
for implementation of HSWA requirements that have an impact on the Water Quality
and Drinking Water programs. The Office of Water has lead responsibility for
review of disposal of hazardous waste into injection wells; a study, regulation
revisions, and corrective action requirements to address hazardous waste in
publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs); a study of the impact on groundwater from
wastewater treatment lagoons; and rules and waivers for retrofitting surface
Impoundments.
Regulations, Guidelines, and Policies - Underground Storage Tanks (UST)
This programRasresponsibilityforimplementingSubtitle I67HSWA.The
objective of the Subtitle I program is to control and prevent leakage from under-
ground storage tanks through developing and implementing a comprehensive regulatory
program. Activities include promulgating regulations and corrective action stan-
dards; developing compliance and enforcement strategies; issuing policy and tech-
nical guidance; and providing training, technical and administrative support to
the States in the development of State UST programs.
HW-24
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REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES AND POLICIES HAZARDOUS WASTE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $57,197,200 supported by 234.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $15,811,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $41,386,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $115,300 and an Increase of $1,584,100,
respectively, and a decrease of 4.5 total workyears from 1988 levels. The
decreases reflect the completion of regulations in 1988. The increase will support
Subtitle D regulatory efforts for municipal landfills and mining waste programs.
Several major regulations mandated by HSUA will be promulgated In 1989,
including rules requiring corrective action for releases of hazardous waste from
solid waste management units and location standards for new and existing hazardous
waste facilities. The Agency will continue work on banning untreated hazardous
wastes from land disposal by promulgating rules on the second Third of wastes
listed under Section 3001 and proposing rules on the last Third. The Agency will
investigate national capacity for hazardous waste storage, treatment, and disposal
and will develop incentives for increased capacity to avoid shortages as the land
disposal restrictions come into effect.
The Agency will develop guidance on the Implementation of new corrective
action regulations and Incineration rules which will deal with currently un-
addressed metals emissions and products of incomplete combustion. Training pro-
grams on corrective measures will be developed, workshops will be conducted to
assist State and Regional permit writers, and Permit Assistance Teams will continue
providing technical assistance to Regions and States. The Agency will provide
oversight and guidance to facilitate State authorizations for new HSWA requirements
and revisions to the base program. The Agency will continue to process deli sting
petitions and variance requests that require regulatory revisions or national
policy determinations, such as petitions requesting variances from land disposal
restrictions.
The Agency will continue development of a risk-based decision-making system
that will, to a greater extent than in the past, take into account site-specific
and other unique considerations to capture those wastes that are potentially
hazardous and exclude wastes that are not. Management standards will be reviewed
to ensure a continuum of control that matches the degree of hazard posed by a waste
to the stringency of regulations governing management of that waste. The Agency
will continue revisions of the hazardous waste list based on concentration of
toxic constituents by promulgating rules "relisting" two groups of the highest
priority listed wastes. Mining waste management standards will be promulgated
under Subtitle D, and will be the first such tailored program for Section 8002
large volume wastes. The Agency will similarly address oil and gas production
wastes and utility wastes based on the findings of Reports to Congress submitted
in 1988 and on subsequent regulatory determinations.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $55,728,400 supported by 238.6
total workyears for this program, of which $15,926,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $39,801,900 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
The Agency is continuing to develop and implement HSWA and pre-HSWA rules.
Major HSWA-mandated activities in 1988 include criteria revisions for municipal
solid waste landfills, double liner and leachate collection and containerized
liquids regulation development. Restrictions on the land disposal of hazardous
wastes are a high priority, with promulgation of the first Third of listed wastes
HW-25
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and a proposal for treatment standards for the second Third of wastes planned for
1988. Improvements to the current hazardous waste management program are underway,
with regulations for permit modifications, experimental unit permitting, expansions
to facilities under Interim status, and mobile treatment unit permitting expected
in 1988. The Agency 1s developing regulations amending statistical methods for
groundwater monitoring, as well as expanding the options available to the regulated
community for demonstrating financial responsibility 1ri the event of the need for
corrective action due to releases of hazardous waste Into the environment. Work
continues on Investigating the scope of, and developing management standards for
large volume wastes. Reports to Congress on oil and gas production wastes and
utility wastes will be developed, to be followed by determinations of the regula-
tory status of those wastes. The Agency 1s developing tailored standards under
Subtitle D for mining wastes.
Implementation efforts are a high priority 1n 1988. The Agency 1s developing
guidance on location of hazardous waste facilities, corrective measures, landfill
alternative closure, and liability coverage mechanisms. Outreach to the public on
existing regulations and effective waste management practices Is Increasing. Wide
distribution of public Information brochures on waste minimization will help to
decrease the amount of hazardous waste entering the waste management system and to
reduce overall costs Incurred In managing waste. The Agency 1s continuing to
oversee and encourage authorization of States to Implement new HSWA requirements.
The Agency expects an Increase 1n the number of requests for variances from
land disposal restriction requirements as the restrictions come Into effect, and
will process these petitions as necessary. The Agency continues to process
petitions to dellst hazardous wastes based on site-specific considerations.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $57,555,000 supported by 247.4 total
work-years for this program, of which $15,506,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $42,048,800 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency continued development of HSWA regulations. In the land disposal
restriction program, the solvents and dloxlns rule was promulgated, as was the rule
setting treatment standards for California List wastes. Regulations governing the
permitting of miscellaneous units (Subpart X) were proposed. Other proposals
included the waste-as-fuel, liner/leak detection, and containerized liquids rules.
Several proposed rules amending permitting regulations were developed, including
rules for mobile treatment unit permitting, interim status expansions, schedules of
compliance, and rules for major and.minor permit modifications. The Agency com-
pleted Reports to Congress on municipal waste combustion and hazardous waste
minimization.
The Agency developed guidance for State and Regional permit writers, as well
as for regulated industry and the public, in order to clarify Agency policy and to
provide technical assistance on regulations. These implementation efforts included
development of the Alternate Concentration Limits guidance, the RCRA Facility
Assessment guidance, and the National Corrective Action strategy, as well as
publication of guidance on secondary containment requirements for hazardous waste
tanks. The Agency met the HSWA deadline for resolving outstanding deli sting
petitions. Permit Assistance Teams assisted permit writers in the field to
expedite and improve the quality of permits issued.
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RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,892,600 supported by 13.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $627,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,265,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an Increase of $6,200 1n the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, no change 1n the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
and no change 1n total workyears. The Increase will provide additional funds for
operating and support costs.
In 1989 the program will continue to support the proposal of regulations for
area source types of hazardous waste TSDFs. This will Include an assessment of the
nature and quantities of emissions for TSDFs, development of emission modeling and
testing methods, assessment of public health risks, evaluation of emission
control techniques and economic analyses. As a result of these efforts, the Agency
expects to propose final rules to control emissions for seven types of TSDF area
sources: landfills, surface Impoundments, land treatment, containers, waste piles,
storage tanks, and transfer operations.
1988 Program
The Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,886,400 supported by 13.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $621,400 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,265,000 1s from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 efforts are continuing on the development of air emission regulations
for TSDF area sources. Proposed regulations are being developed for the seven
TSDF source types listed above.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $3,499,000 supported by 11.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $555,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,943,900 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987 efforts continued on the development of air emission regulations for
TSDF area sources.
RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF WATER
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,971,700 supported by 62.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,646,700 1s for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $5,325,000 is for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This represents increases of $156,900 and $740,000, respectively, and no change in
total workyears from 1988. The increase 1n Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased operating costs. The increase 1n Abatement, Control, and Compliance
reflects the Office of Drinking Water's (ODW) and the Office of Municipal Pollution
Control's (OMPC) need to provide support to States and Regions in the review
of petitions for exemptions to the ban on untreated hazardous waste disposal.
HW-27
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During 1989, EPA Headquarters will propose regulations for the Pharmaceuticals
Industry, which will Improve controls on toxic pollutants, hazardous wastes, and
hazardous constituents. Technical guidance for the textiles and timber Domestic
Sewage Study Industries will be published. Regulations development will continue
on the equipment manufacturing and rebuilding Industry and will be Initiated on the
hazardous waste treaters Industry. Information collection on the transportation
Industry will resume In 1989. Sludge use and disposal screening for RCRA constit-
uents will continue. The sewer exflltratlon study will be completed. The Regions
will develop new local limits to address hazardous pollutants and will Increase the
number of spill 'prevention plans Initiated. The Regions will also Increase the
enforcement of new regulations for hazardous pollutants. EPA and States will
continue to Implement changes to the general and specific prohibition of the
pretreatment regulations.
EPA and States will continue to Implement the corrective action requirement
for POTWs that accept hazardous waste. EPA will follow up on the original survey
with a supplemental Section 3007 POTU survey. Headquarters will provide guidance
and training on remedial Investigations, corrective measures and permitting modi-
fications to ensure that POTWs comply with RCRA reporting and permlt-by-rule
requirements. EPA and States will collect and analyze data submitted by POTWs,
and the Regions will undertake or oversee necessary facility assessments, conduct
visual site Inspections and sampling visits, and Implement remedial Investigations
and corrective measures at appropriate POTWs. There will be an Increase 1n permit
modifications Incorporating corrective action requirements.
EPA and the States will continue Implementation of corrective action
requirements for Class I Underground Injection Control (UIC) wells to comply with
Section 3004(u) of RCRA. Work will continue on site and remedial Investigations.
Compliance with permit conditions will be monitored to ensure that facilities which
were placed on schedules for corrective action are complying with the requirements.
Pursuant to Sections 3004(f) and (g), petitions will continue to be reviewed
from operators who want to continue inspecting banned wastes. Any necessary UIC
permit modifications required to Implement the land ban provisions will also be
reviewed.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,074,800 supported by 62.3
total workyears for this program, of which $2,489,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,585,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
During 1988, some changes are being promulgated to the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and general pretreatment regulations due to
the Domestic .Sewage Study. The Regions are also Implementing regulatory changes,
requiring additional discharge prohibitions and spill prevention plans. Guidance
is being developed to implement and enforce both these changes and local limits for
hazardous pollutants. Specific regulatory development is underway on two indus-
tries. Information sampling of ten Domestic Sewage Study industries is continuing
and decision documents are being prepared, along with regulations or guidance, as
appropriate. Sludge disposal and use screening for RCRA constituents are
continuing and regulations are being developed.
Where necessary, Headquarters will work with Regions and States to assess
double liner requirements and/or assess compliance with these requirements. RCRA
requires interim-status surface impoundments to comply with requirements for
double liner, leachate collection systems and groundwater monitoring. Waivers to
these requirements can be requested.
HW-28
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The Regions will screen and evaluate double liner exemption applications as
they are submitted to determine If the facilities are engaged 1n "aggressive
biological treatment" and are In compliance with permits. Petitions are being
reviewed to reopen permits. NPDES permits are being modified where applications
are denied or where facilities are required to double line existing surface
Impoundments. Enforcement 1s Increasing where permittees are 1n non-compllance
with NPDES permits due to new RCRA double liner or other requirements.
Headquarters 1s developing procedural guidance and providing training to
Regions and States on data collection and evaluation and on Implementing corrective
action requirements for any release of hazardous waste material from a solid waste
management unit. Training 1s being provided to Regions and authorized States on
RCRA permlt-by-rule requirements and, for POTWs that receive hazardous waste, the
Regions are emphasizing Implementation of these permit requests. POTWs are being
screened to Identify those which receive hazardous waste by dedicated pipe, truck
or rail. EPA 1s Issuing RIDER permits for corrective action and 1s monitoring
compliance. Enforcement efforts are focusing on ensuring that POTWs comply with
their reporting mandates and with other RCRA permlt-by-rule requirements.
Regional UIC permit writers are conducting corrective action Investigations
for Class I hazardous waste wells, but the highest priority 1s being given to wells
with permits Issued after November 1984. Such permits did not Include a schedule
for corrective action. Owners or operators of Class I wells must certify compli-
ance with requirements for groundwater monitoring and financial responsibility 1n
order to retain authorization to Inject hazardous materials. The Regions are also
reviewing petitions from operators of hazardous waste Injection wells, who are
seeking exemptions from the Injection ban under Part 148.
Headquarters completed the Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study and forwarded it
to Congress In December 1987.
During 1988, the Agency plans to propose an additional set of regulations
covering wastes regulated under Sections 3004(f) and (g) and promulgate final
regulations covering the petition process. In addition, EPA expects to review up
to 90 petitions from operators of hazardous waste Injection wells who are seeking
exemptions from the Injection ban, and revise or modify up to 200 hazardous waste
injection well permits. Several guidances outlining the criteria and procedures to
be used in developing geologic data and modeling waste fate and transport are under
development.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $7,803,600 supported by 40.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,741,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,062,400 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
During 1987, emphasis was placed on implementing RCRA permit-by-rule requests
for POTWs that receive hazardous waste, especially the corrective action require-
ment. EPA screened POTWs to identify those which received hazardous waste by
dedicated pipe or which received manifested hazardous waste by truck or rail and
established RCRA permit-by-rule requirements for POTWs. EPA oversaw the early
stages of corrective action, modified permits and monitored compliance with
corrective action requirements.
EPA developed procedural guidance for Regions and authorized States to
establish requirements of the RCRA permit-by-rule and to assist them in identify-
ing POTWs subject to that constraint, including corrective action requirements.
Guidance was developed for Implementation of the first stage of the corrective
action process and RCRA permlt-by-rule requirements.
HW-29
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The Agency developed regulations and amendments to existing UIC regulations to
Implement Sections 3004(f) and (g) of the HSWA. The regulations which were pro-
posed 1n August 1987 provide the framework for both considering petitions submitted
by operators seeking to demonstrate "no migration" and upgrading the technical
requirements in existing UIC regulations which are applicable to hazardous waste
injection wells. EPA continued studies necessary to support regulatory development
and program implementation.
Guidance on corrective action for Class I UIC wells was issued and assistance
provided on compliance and enforcement of corrective action and Interim status
requirements and on implementation of corrective action requirements. Class I
wells subject to corrective action were identified.
The Agency also established the framework for implementing these regulations,
including assistance to major States in petition reviews.
REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES AND POLICIES UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,750,700 supported by 67.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,550,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. This represents an Increase of $44,400 and a decrease of $450,000,
respectively, and no change in total workyears. The increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects a slight increase in support costs. The decrease in Abatement,
Control, and Compliance reflects the completion of the data collection and economic
and program analyses needed for regulatory development.
The Agency will promulgate financial responsibility regulations for
owner/operators of underground storage tanks containing hazardous substances.
Data collection, analysis and regulatory development efforts will be necessary
to propose regulations for tanks storing used oil, bulk storage petroleum tanks,
and a variety of individual sumps and reservoirs. The Agency will continue its
analysis to determine whether and how exempted heating oil and farm fuel tanks
might be regulated.
Implementation activities will be an increasing portion of the Agency's task.
Because the program will be implemented at the State and local level, the Agency's
role will be to develop policy and technical guidelines, and public guidance docu-
ments, as well as to provide interpretations of rules. In addition, the Agency
will provide technical support and training to the States as they develop their
programs.
Another major activity in 1989 will be the review of State program
applications. The Agency will review and approve applications for a significant
number of States and continue to work with others on the development and
preparation of applications for Federal approval.
The Agency will negotiate and administer State grants and will oversee and
evaluate State programs. The Agency will also assist and oversee State
enforcement activities, including inspections and enforcement actions against
violators.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,156,300 supported by 67.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,506,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,650,000 is from the Abatement, Control, and
Compliance appropriation.
HW-30
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The Agency will Issue final regulations on corrective action, leak detection,
leak prevention, and technical performance standards for new and existing tanks
which contain petroleum products and hazardous substances. Policy and guidance are
being developed on the process and requirements for States to apply for authori-
zation of their regulatory programs. The regulatory or prevention program Is being
Integrated with the cleanup program funded by the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund.
The Agency 1s negotiating and overseeing State UST grants and providing
technical assistance and guidance for Implementation and enforcement. Efforts
continue to assist the States with program development and the program application
process.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $11,754,000 supported by 38.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,867,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,886,300 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, the Agency proposed regulations on tank standards for new and
existing tanks, financial responsibility for owner/operators of petroleum tanks,
and State program approval. The program developed policy and guidance to Implement
and enforce the new regulatory requirements. The Agency conducted oversight of
State programs and assisted them 1n program development. In addition, the Agency
negotiated and administered State UST grants, conducted Inspections under the
Interim Prohibition regulations and Initiated enforcement actions against
violators.
HW-31
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
Abatement Control and $62,919.5 $66,000.0 $64,812.0 $64,812.0 $66,000.0 $1,188.0
Compliance
TOTAL $62,919.5 $66,000.0 $64,812.0 $64,812.0 $66,000.0 $1,188.0
Hazardous Waste
Management Initiative
Grants
Abatement Control and $1,208.7
Compliance
TOTAL $1,208.7
Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
Abatement Control and $6,903.1 $6,700.0 $6,579.0 $6,579.0 $9,000.0 $2,421.0
Compliance
TOTAL $6,903.1 $6,700.0 $6,579.0 $6,579.0 $9,000.0 $2,421.0
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and $71,031.3 $72,700.0 $71,391.0 $71,391.0 $75,000.0 $3,609.0
Compliance
Financial Assistance TOTAL $71,031.3 $72,700.0 $71,391.0 $71,391.0 $75,000.0 $3,609.0
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $75,000,000 for this program for the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This 1s an Increase of
$3,609,000 from the level provided 1n 1988.
Program Description
The three program areas under this subactlvlty are:
Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States This program
provides financial assistance to States for the development, Implementation, and
enforcement of comprehensive hazardous waste management programs that meet the
requirements of Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of
1976 and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. States are
required to provide a 25 percent match to these funds. Objectives of the grant
program are to provide Incentives to. the States to: (1) develop and administer
State hazardous waste management programs controlling the generation, transpor-
tation, storage, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes; (2) develop environ-
mentally sound permits for as many priority hazardous waste management facilities
as possible; and (3) enforce hazardous waste management program regulations to
protect human health and the environment.
HSWA greatly expanded the Hazardous Waste management program in the States.
It increased the number and complexity of requirements that States must meet to
achieve equivalence with the Federal Hazardous Waste management program. Key
provisions in HSWA strengthened requirements for corrective action, broadened
restrictions on the land disposal of hazardous waste, and set deadlines for the
issuance of RCRA permits.
Hazardous Waste Initiative Grants This program provides financial
assistance to foster State and local hazardous waste management efforts focused on
innovative waste management activities, such as waste reduction, waste exchange,
siting, use of alternatives to land disposal, and assistance to small quantity
generators.
Underground Storage Tank Grants This program supports development and
Implementation ofStateUnderground Storage Tank (UST) programs. States will
develop regulatory standards that meet or exceed Federal standards for underground
storage, release detection, leak prevention, and corrective action programs.
States will also develop the necessary enforcement authorities to ensure compliance
with those standards.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
increase of $1,188,000 to provide additional support for State corrective action
and permit modification processing.
HW-33
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The Agency will continue to provide financial assistance to the States to
develop legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence with the Federal
Hazardous Waste management program. The States will participate 1n Implementing
the requirements of HSWA for which they are not yet authorized, particularly
corrective action.
The States will place high priority on processing permit applications for
commercial Incineration facilities and for facilities seeking to expand treatment
and Incineration capacity. The States will also place a high priority on
processing applications for Incinerator operating permits to meet the November
1989 deadline. In addition, the States will Issue an Increasing number of permit
modifications for operating facilities. A significant number of these will be due
to corrective action requirements. A small number of storage and treatment permits
will be drafted to ensure that operating facilities are 1n compliance with ground-
water monitoring regulations, that groundwater contamination 1s characterized,
and that corrective action plans are developed.
The States will tie their enforcement efforts to those facilities that are
deemed high priority violators due to the type, the severity, or the frequency of
violation. The States will continue to undertake timely and appropriate enforce-
ment at these facilities. Facilities that violate corrective action schedules
will be targeted for enforcement action. States will annually Inspect all land
disposal and incineration facilities, half of the treatment and storage facilities,
and a targeted universe of generators and transporters in order to enforce the land
ban restrictions. Additional inspections at commercial facilities will be con-
ducted to ensure that these .facilities can manage off-site Superfund waste in. an
environmentally safe manner.
The States will ensure that corrective action initiated in prior years is
fully supported and thorough oversight is provided through proper review, inspec-
tions, and appropriate follow-up enforcement. States will initiate new facility
assessments at facilities seeking permits and will establish priorities for
addressing releases at closed facilities that are determined to be environmentally
significant.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $64,812,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The States are continuing to develop legislation and regulations to achieve
equivalence with the Federal Hazardous Waste management program. A significant
number of States are submitting applications for authorization for the various
provisions of HSWA as they become effective. The States and Regions are jointly
processing permits for those HSWA provisions for which States are not authorized,
particularly corrective action.
The States are placing a high priority on processing permit applications for
land disposal and incineration facilities. The processing of permit modifications
at permitted facilities is taking on increasing importance. In addition, the
States, in conjunction with the Regions, have developed and are implementing
facility management plans for land disposal facilities and other facilities of
environmental significance.
The States are inspecting the handlers of hazardous waste and are taking
enforcement actions against those handlers that present the greatest threat to
human health and the environment. Special emphasis is being placed on initiating
enforcement actions to support the new land ban requirements. The States, are
ensuring that land disposal facilities are in compliance with groundwater
HW-34
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standards, that commercial facilities are 1n compliance with the Superfund off-site
policy, and that releases from environmentally significant facilities are detected.
The States are developing comprehensive training programs to maintain a high
quality work force and improve facility compliance with complex RCRA requirements.
Corrective action activities fully support study and cleanup of facilities
applying for permits as well as those closed or closing land disposal facilities
already assessed. Additional assessments will be done at those facilities
scheduled to be permitted In 1989.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $62,919,500, all of which was from
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These grant funds supported
the development and authorization of State hazardous waste management programs,
implementation of authorized programs, and implementation of the Federal program
in unauthorized States. By the end of 1987, one State achieved authorization for
initial HSWA requirements and 43 States achieved full pre-HSWA authorization. In
addition, States continued to develop legislation and regulations consistent with
HSWA provisions. The States and Regions completed 722 final determinations on
permit applications. The States conducted the inspections required of them by
legislation and EPA policies. Moreover, they took appropriate and timely enforce-
ment action against those facilities that were 1n significant non-compliance with
RCRA regulations, especially those facilities exhibiting groundwater violations.
RCRA facility assessments were performed at both closing land disposal facilities
and at land disposal facilities applying for operating permits.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests no funds for this program. Resources to support
activities under this program are provided under the Hazardous Waste Management
Financial Assistance to States program.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating no funds for this program. Resources to
support activities under this program are provided under the Hazardous Waste
Management Financial Assistance to States program.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,208,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. These funds
were carryover funds from 1986 that were awarded to State and local agencies to
develop or implement innovative hazardous waste management efforts, such as waste
reduction, and for accelerating permit issuance to new or expanding hazardous waste
management facilities.
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UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. This represents an
Increase of $2,421,000 which will provide for expanded State programs to Implement
the final regulations for petroleum and hazardous substance tanks.
Resources provided to the States will be used to supplement State funds in the
development and implementation of State Underground Storage Tank (UST) programs.
In 1989, some States will continue to work on program development. A significant
number of States are expected to develop regulatory standards no less stringent
than the Federal requirements, including tank standards, leak detection and
reporting, financial responsibility, and corrective action standards. Once these
standards are in place, they will be applying for Federal program approval.
These States will then begin a higher level of Implementation activities.
States will need to identify and notify tank owners of the new requirements and
conduct tank owner education sessions. States will receive an increased number of
release notifications and requests for Information and guidance as owners Implement
leak detection requirements on at least 350,000 tanks. Also, State enforcement
programs will be expanding to ensure compliance with the new Federal regulations.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,579,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. UST grant
funds are being used to stimulate development of State UST programs. States are
continuing development of legislative authorities and proposed regulatory standards
no less stringent than proposed Federal standards. Ah important activity is the
continuation of efforts to develop multi-year funding mechanisms, such as permit
and license fees, gasoline taxes and surcharges, and general revenues. Imple-
mentation activities are continuing as States process tank notifications. Enforce-
ment efforts focus on the development of compliance and enforcement programs and,
in some cases, on the enforcement of existing State regulations equivalent to the
Interim Prohibition requirements.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $6,903,100 for the program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation. States used
these funds to develop State UST programs that meet or exceed the proposed Federal
standards. The States received and processed tank notifications on 1.7 million
tanks. A number of States established fee systems related to the number of tanks
registered; these funds will help to pay a portion of future State costs. Other
States developed innovative approaches to prevention programs. For example, a
few States are forbidding fuel distributors to fill tanks lacking a registration
seal or certificate.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$15,195.0 $16,124.4 $15,368.8 $15,368.8 $15,776.3 $407.5
$3,628.0 $5,479.8 $5,479.8 $4,229.8 $8,279.8 $4,050.0
TOTAL $18,823.0 $21,604.2 $20,848.6 $19,598.6 $24,056.1 $4,457.5
i
CO
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Waste Management
Strategies
Implementation
$15,195.0 $16,124.4 $15,368.8 $15,368.8 $15,776.3 $407.5
$3,628.0 $5,479.8 $5,479.8 $4,229.8 $8,279.8 $4,050.0
TOTAL $18,823.0 $21,604.2 $20,848.6 $19,598.6 $24,056.1 $4,457.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
354.8
382.9
382.9
340.4
380.0
39.6
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
354.8
382.9
382.9
340.4
380.0
39.6
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I
CO
O9
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE*
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Management Regulatory
Strategies
Implementation
TOTAL WORKYEARS
388.2 382.9 382.9 374.9 380.0 5.1
388.2 382.9 382.9 374.9 380.0 5.1
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,056,100 supported by 380.0 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $4,457,500 and 5.1 total workyears from 1988. Of the
request, $15,776,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,279,800 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
Increases of $407,500 and $4,050,000, respectively.
Program Description
Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory Strategies Implementation This
program supports Regional Implementation of the Hazardous Waste management program
mandated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, Including
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. The Regions assist the
States 1n developing hazardous waste management programs equivalent to the Federal
program by providing guidance and technical assistance for developing program
capabilities and authorization applications, and by jointly processing permit
applications until the States are authorized for HSWA. In addition, the Regions
oversee State programs to ensure that Implementation of RCRA 1s carried out 1n a
nationally consistent manner and that minimum RCRA standards are followed. This
program also supports Regional activities to Implement the Hazardous Waste
management program directly 1n States that are not authorized.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $24,056,100 supported by 380.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $15,776,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,279,800 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents Increases of $407,500 and $4,050,000, respectively,
and an Increase of 5.1 total workyears. The Increases will allow EPA to serve as a
technical clearinghouse for solid waste Information and to support States in
developing their solid waste management programs, as well as funding cooperative
agreements for State mining waste programs. Regional management support of
the permitting, permit modification and permit appeals workload will also increase.
The Regions and States will aggressively work toward meeting the November
1989 deadline for Issuing Incinerator permits to operating facilities. EPA and
the States will process an increasing number of permit modifications, particularly
applications that will result in new storage or treatment capacity or in processes
that minimize a facility's waste. Other important permitting activities will
Include the processing of permit appeals, particularly those for land disposal
facility permits; incorporating land ban regulations Into permits; and processing
the most environmentally significant storage and treatment permit applications.
The Regions and States will also work together to process closure plans and
request post-closure permit applications from environmentally significant closing
land disposal facilities. Public involvement in permitting and closure processes
will be encouraged through public education and outreach activities.
An important activity of the Regions w1Vl be to provide adequate oversight of
State permitting activities. Regions will review State permit actions to ensure
technical adequacy, enforceability, and national consistency as well as to provide
HW-39
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State permit writers with technical assistance. The Agency will provide specific
guidance during the review of more complex regulatory requirements, such as correc-
tive action and closure and post-closure plans. In addition, the -Regions will
Implement the Agency's national oversight policy through evaluation of State
performance, Including program reviews, file audits, and analysis of routine
reports.
Regions will continue to support the development and upgrading of State
legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence with the Federal Hazardous Waste
management program. The Regions will also provide technical Information and sup-
port to the States as they develop effective Subtitle D programs by adoption and
Implementation of the revised Federal Subtitle D criteria for municipal landfills.
The Regions will also increase support for State development of mining waste
programs through cooperative agreements with appropriate States.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $19,598,600 supported by 374.9
total workyears for this program, of which $15,368,800 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,229,800 is from the Abatement, Control, and Com-
pliance appropriation. The Regions are supporting the States in the development
of hazardous waste management programs equivalent to the Federal program. With
most States authorized for the pre-HSWA program, the Agency Is focusing on over-
sight and technical support activities. In addition, the Regions are providing
technical assistance to the States as they develop legislation and regulations
consistent with the provisions of HSWA, and as they keep pace with regulatory
revisions to the base program.
The Regions and States are jointly processing those permit applications with
HSWA provisions for States not yet authorized. High priorities for the EPA and the
States are processing the remainder of land.disposal facility permit applications
by the November 1988 deadline and processing a large number of incineration facil-
ity permits to work towards meeting the November 1989 deadline. Closure plans
are being reviewed, and facility management plans for environmentally significant
facilities are being developed. In addition, the Regions continue to review
exposure assessment information for landfills and surface impoundments. Finally,
the Regions are overseeing State permit actions on facilities to ensure national
consistency, providing technical assistance to State permit writers, and conducting
State program.reviews.
1988 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net decrease of $1,250,000 results from the mining waste program being
delayed since regulations are not yet finalized.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $18,823,000 supported by 388.2
workyears of which $15,195,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,628,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The Regions assisted States in achieving authorization to implement a
hazardous waste management program equivalent to the Federal program. By the end
of 1987, 43 States had achieved full authorization for the pre-HSWA program and
one State had achieved authorization for initial HSWA requirements. Additionally,
with Regional assistance, the States began to develop legislation and regulations
consistent with the provisions of HSWA. The Regions and States made 722 final
HW-40
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determinations on permit applications. In addition, the Regions developed a
facility management plan for each Incineration facility and continued to
develop plans for other environmentally significant facilities.
HW-41
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning/Community Right to Know - Title III
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
I
ro
Emergency Planning
Community Right To Know
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
FEMA EMERGENCY TRAINING
- TITLE III
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$1,148.6 $1,148.6 $1,478.7 $330.1
$2,938.0 $2,603.0 $2,938.0 $335.0
$4,086.6 $3,751.6 $4,416.7 $665.1
$5,000.0 $5,000.0
$5,000.0 $5,000.0
-$5,000.0
-$5,000.0
$1,148.6 $1,148.6 $1,478.7 $330.1
$7,938.0 $7.603.0 $2,938.0 -$4,665.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning
Community Right To Know
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
32.0
32.0
21.6
21.6
28.0
28.0
6.4
6.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Emergency Planning
Community Right to Know
TOTAL WORKYEARS
32.0
32.0
22.0
22.0
28.0
28.0
6.0
6.0
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Emergency Planning/Community Right-To-Know
Title III
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,416,700 supported by 28.0 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $665,100 and 6.0 total workyears over 1988. Of the
request, $1,478,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,938,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, in-
creases of $330,100 and $335,000, respectively. The Agency is not requesting
$5,000,000 in emergency training grants under Section 305(a). Instead, the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will request funding for these grants.
Program Description
This program has responsibility for implementing most sections of Title III of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. The objectives of the
Title III program include emergency planning at the State and local levels; com-
munity right-to-know reporting of hazardous substance inventories; analysis of
methods to detect, monitor, and prevent accidental releases; and tracking and
reporting releases of toxic substances. Activities supporting these objectives
focus on the development of regulations and guidance for implementation and
enforcement of Title III and also on assistance to State and local governments in
meeting emergency planning and community right-to-know responsibilities. All
efforts are designed to maximize the effective and responsible use of information'
generated by the law.
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,416,700 supported by 28.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,478,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,938,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation. This represents increases of $330,100 and $335,000, respectively,
and an increase of 6.0 total workyears.
These increases reflect the Local Emergency Planning Committees' completion of
emergency plans, which are due in early 1989. The plans will require reviewing
and updating by these local groups. Field exercises will be performed to test the
practical effectiveness of the plans. EPA and the Regional Response Teams will
provide assistance to States and priority area communities in all of these planning
activities. Also, those local groups that do not complete plans by the deadline
will need further assistance.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's expansion of facilities
affected by the Hazard Communication Standard will increase community right-to-know
activity and intensify trade secret claims collection and review. EPA will develop
information management tools aimed at assisting effective data collection,
organization, use, and distribution. To further the responsible interpretation
and use of Title III information, the Agency plans to finalize its risk communi-
cation guidelines. Other efforts to enhance compliance by affected groups will be
finalized and implemented.
Review and revision of regulations will proceed, including possible
additions to the list of extremely hazardous substances, which incorporates
chronic toxicity, flamrnablHty and reactivity criteria. The final rule for the
HW-43
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non-manufacturing and final-year hazardous chemical reporting thresholds will be
completed. EPA will continue Its participation In the review of the Section
305(a) training grants distributed by FEMA.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $3,751,600 supported by 22.0
total workyears, of which $1,148,600 1s from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,603,000 Is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation. Also, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $5,000,000 from the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation to FEMA for Section 305(a) training grants to
States.
The Agency 1s conducting analyses to support rule-makings for community
right-to-know reporting quantities, reporting Information forms, trade secret
claims and the non-manufacturing and final-year reporting thresholds. Supporting
analyses on these threshold levels will also be conducted. The Agency Is com-
pleting Its study of public alert programs and emergency systems for detecting,
monitoring and preventing releases of extremely hazardous substances and the
results will be submitted to Congress. The program Is evaluating additional hazard
criteria for the extremely hazardous substance 11st, and 1s planning to promulgate
additional rules on trade secrets and community right-to-know.
As the local committees begin their formulation of emergency plans, critical
guidance and assistance to these groups through the Regional Response Teams 1s
being provided. Further guidance to industry on community right-to-know infor-
mation is being refined and distributed. The Agency plans to develop the necessary
infrastructure to support Title III needs in the areas of information management,
risk communication and enforcement. Trade secret claims, are being evaluated.
Finally, EPA is remaining Involved with FEMA's Section 305{a) training grants.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,436,500 and 3.7 total workyears
for this program^ all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. Also, FEMA obligated a total of $4,728,100 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund for Section 305(a) training grants to States.
The Agency met all statutory deadlines including promulgating four
regulations, issuing the National Response Team's Hazardous Materials Emergency
Planning Guide, and completing the Section 305(b) Interim Report to Congress.
Rule-making was completed on the list of extremely hazardous substances, threshold
planning quantities and emergency notification requirements (Sections 302 to 304).
Other rules proposed in 1987 Included the hazardous chemical inventory forms and
community right-to-know reporting guidelines. The technical guidance document for
hazard analysis neared completion and a computer planning and response system was
designed in coordination with the Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
EPA worked with FEMA in developing guidance to States and Indian tribes on
criteria for submitting Section 305{a) grant proposals. In addition, EPA partici-
pated in the review of the proposals and provided recommendations to FEMA on the
distribution of these grants. Establishment of the State and local Title III
structure proceeded close to schedule all State Emergency Response Commissions
were appointed, though some Local Emergency Planning Committee members are still
being named.
HW-44
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Waste Enforcement HW-45
HW-45
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
ACTUAL BUOfiET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(HOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
Salaries A Expenses $17,471.7 $20,100.0 $19,354.8 $19,354.8 $19,703.5 $348.7
Abatement Control and $18,640.1 $19,495.0 $21,102.0 $20,451.2 $21,100.0 $648.8
Compliance
TOTAL $36,111.8 $39,595.0 $40,456.8 $39,806.0 $40,803.5 $997.5
i
o»
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
$17,471.7 $20,100.0 $19,354.8 $19,354.8 $19,703.5 $348.7
$18,640.1 $19,495.0 $21,102.0 $20,451.2 $21,100.0 $648.8
TOTAL $36,111.8 $39,595.0 $40,456.8 $39,806.0 $40,803.5 $997.5
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
422.2 492.0 492.0 448.7 485.1 36.4
422.2 492.0 492.0 448.7 485.1 36.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
454.5 492.0 492.0 481.7 485.1 3.4
454.5 492.0 492.0 481.7 485.1 3.4
-------
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous Waste Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of 540,803,500 supported by 485.1 total workyears
for 1989, Increases of $997,500 and 3.4 total workyears above 1988 levels. Of
the request, $19,703,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$21,100,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
Increases of $348,700 and $648,800, respectively.
Program Description
Hazardous Waste Enforcement This program serves to ensure national
compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, Includ-
ing the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. The goal of the RCRA
program 1s to promote management practices that ensure the handling and disposal of
hazardous waste 1n an environmentally sound manner. The principal objectives are
to: (1) Inspect and evaluate hazardous waste generator, transporter, and facility
compliance with the statutory, regulatory, and permit requirements Imposed under
RCRA; (2) take timely and appropriate follow-up enforcement actions whether
administrative, civil, or criminal; (3) address releases at RCRA facilities by
defining and monitoring appropriate corrective actions; and (4) assist and evaluate
program Implementation 1n the States by providing national guidance, technical
support, training and follow-up enforcement, when appropriate.
HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,803,500 supported by 485.1 total workyears
for 1989, Increases of $997,500 and 3.4 total workyears. Of the request,
$19,703,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $21,100,000
will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, Increases of
$348,700 and $648,800 respectively. The Increases support the additional workload
associated with ongoing corrective action.
Enforcement resources will be targeted to develop the enforcement strategies
for new regulations that encompass an expanded universe of RCRA facilities, such
as new waste listings, and for Implementation of new policy directions, such as
land bans, surface Impoundment compliance and corrective action. This Includes
guidelines for monitoring, through tests and recordkeeplng requirements, the
compliance of generators, owners, .and operators with new listings and waste defi-
nitions to determine whether their wastes are hazardous. Enforcement strategies
for rules addressing major cross-media concerns such as air emissions from treat-
ment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs) and municipal waste combustion will
be completed. Policies and guidance will be developed for using RCRA and CERCLA
enforcement tools in a complementary manner to ensure that the worst facilities
will be addressed in as timely a manner as possible. Policies and guidelines will
also be developed for closure compliance.
Corrective action activities will be expanded at operating and enviromnentalTy
significant closing facilities. The Agency will continue to assess the need for
corrective action at facilities seeking operating permits, and will seek the co-
operation of owners and operators in developing corrective action plans. Facili-
ties requiring corrective action will be addressed by the most appropriate means,
whether through the permit/post-closure process, issuance of a section 3008(h)
HW-47
-------
administrative order, or use of Superfund enforcement and program authorities for
a select number of closed or closing facilities. The Agency will Increase emphasis
on monitoring the progress of corrective actions Initiated by owners and operators.
The Agency will conduct thorough inspections at all land disposal facilities
annually, and at treatment and storage facilities biennially, as required by policy
and statute, to review compliance with permit, closure, and corrective action
requirements'. Significant generators will be inspected to ensure compliance with
the land ban regulations. The Agency will thoroughly Inspect all Federal, State,
and local government-owned or government-operated TSDFs. Additional Inspections
at commercial facilities will be conducted to ensure that these facilities can
manage off-site Superfund wastes in an environmentally safe manner.
The Agency will conduct inspections and technical evaluations in unauthorized
States and will provide support for these evaluations in authorized States.
Regional and State capabilities In inspections and training of field personnel
will be emphasized as a high priority, through conducting Joint inspections,
providing guidelines, checklists and basic Inspection protocols. Timely and
appropriate enforcement by the States will be promoted by offering technical assis-
tance, sampling, laboratory analysis, and other technical expertise as needed. In
addition, the Regions will conduct oversight Inspections and initiate enforcement
actions where appropriate.
The Agency will emphasize enforcement efforts at those facilities that are
deemed high priority violators due to the type, the severity, or the frequency of
violation. The Agency will continue to undertake timely and appropriate enforce-
ment at these facilities. Facilities that violate corrective action schedules as
stated in permits or corrective action orders will be targeted for enforcement
actions.
The Agency will conduct program reviews of the compliance monitoring and
enforcement programs, Including corrective action, in all participating States.
With the Increased restrictions of land disposal resulting from the Land Bans,
retrofitting requirements, and facility closings, the Agency will place Increased
emphasis on providing guidance and direction to the States for monitoring genera-
tors and transporters. The Agency will work closely with the States to augment
their capabilities to. enforce new HSWA requirements, to train new State personnel,
to evaluate State grant accomplishments, and to facilitate HSWA authorization.
The Agency will continue to perform detailed analyses to ensure sound
financial and programmatic management. A strong information program will support
improvements introduced in prior years, allow implementation of the RCRA Infor-
mation System (RCRIS), address Congressional and public inquiries and support
program analysis and evaluation activities. The Agency will coordinate closely
with the States to effect a smooth transition from the present RCRA Hazardous
Waste Data Management System (HUDMS) to RCRIS, which emphasizes automated data
transfer, wide accessibility, and standardized formats among the Regions,
States, and Headquarters.
1988 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $39,806,000 supported by 481.7 total
workyears, of which $19,354,800 will be from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion, and $20,451,200 will be from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is initiating development of enforcement strategies for new program
components such as corrective action at environmental-ly significant RCRA facili-
ties; generators' compliance with waste characterization, treatment, and land
ban requirements; and coordination with Superfund enforcement activities at Federal
facilities.
HW-48
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The Agency provides program direction, training, and technical assistance to
both the Regions and the States for compliance monitoring, corrective action
requirements and procedures, and Information management. Evaluation of Regional
and State performance and promulgation of nationally consistent Interpretations of
rules, regulations, and policies are also major responsibilities of the Agency.
Support and evaluation of the States' programs continue through technical
assistance, training, oversight inspections, and program reviews.
The Agency 1s Inspecting the handlers of hazardous waste and taking
enforcement actions against those handlers that present the greatest threat to
human health and the environment. Special emphasis 1s placed on Initiating
enforcement actions that will lead to compliance with the new land ban require-
ments. The Agency 1s ensuring that land disposal facilities are 1n compliance
with groundwater standards, that commercial facilities are 1n compliance with
the Superfund off-site policy, and that releases from environmentally significant
facilities are detected.
Corrective action activities support assessment and monitoring of cleanup at
facilities applying for operating permits as well as monitoring those closed or
closing land disposal facilities already assessed. In addition, a priority scheme
1s being Implemented that will emphasize response at environmentally significant
RCRA closing treatment and storage facilities.
1987 Program
The Agency obligated a total of $36,111,800 supported by 454.5 total
workyears, of which $17,471,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,'
and $18,640,100 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
The Enforcement Response Policy was revised to direct the enforcement
resources of the Regions and the States to the worst offenders, broadening program-
matic enforcement efforts from land disposers to Include treaters, storers, and
generators with significant violations. The Enforcement program Issued land ban
guidance, developed a model 3008(h) administrative order and began the delegation
of authority to the Regions for Issuing such orders. The Agency revised the Super-
fund off-site policy to further ensure that off-site disposal of Superfund
hazardous waste 1s managed 1n an environmentally sound manner.
The Agency performed the mandated inspections and addressed virtually all of
the significant non-compilers with formal enforcement actions. RCRA Facility
Assessments were performed to support the land disposal and 'incinerator permit
deadlines and to address significant closing land disposal facilities. RCRA
Facility Investigations were formally required either through the imposition of
permit conditions, permit modifications, or Issuance of section 3008(h)
administrative orders.
HW-49
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PESTICIDES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES P-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research P-8
Sci ent 1 f 1 c Assessment P-l4
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance p-14
Health Effects P-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology.... P-16
Environmental Processes and Effects P-17
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration * Tolerances P-20
Regi strati on P-22
Special Registration P-24
Tolerances P-25
Generic Chemical Review P-27
Generic Chemical Review P-?8
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement P-32
Pesticides Enforcement P-3B
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-36
Pesticides Certification & Training P-37
Pesticides Certification & Training Grants P-38
P-l
-------
PESTICIDES
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 YS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
APPROPRIATION
Salaries ft Expenses $38,322.3 $42,149.7 $42,244.0 $42,244.0 $42,827.1 $583.1
Abatement Control and $25,644.1 $26,443.1 $35,143.1 $35,143.1 $86,443.1 $51,300.0
Compliance
Research ft Development $7,311.6 $7.254.1 $6,922.1 $6,844.7 $8,149.8 $1,305.1
TOTAL, Pesticides $71,278.0 $75,846.9 $84,309.2 $84,231.8 $137.420.0 $53,188.2
7 PERMANENT WORKYEARS 789.0 757.1 777.6 805.5 782.1 -23.4
*» TOTAL WORKYEARS 796.9 818.2 831.8 831.7 831.7
OUTLAYS $69,183.1 $76,403.7 $76,802.7 $76.732.2 $115,605.0 $38.872.8
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide. Rodentlclde
Act expired September 30, 1986. Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
PESTICIDES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Pesticides are.among the most beneficial and the most hazardous of substances.
Pesticide products provide benefits to society, contributing to agricultural pro-
ductivity and controlling human diseases. Yet they are Inherently hazardous
since they are specifically formulated to be Injurious to living target organisms,
and are deliberately Introduced Into the environment for that purpose. The Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodentldde Act (FIFRA), as amended, and Sections
402, 406, 408, and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) give
the Environmental Protection Agency authority to regulate the distribution and
use of pesticides in the United States. The Agency 1s responsible for ensuring
that pesticides perform their intended functions without unreasonable adverse
effects on public health and the environment. This 1s a task of enormous scope and
complexity. An estimated 2.7 billion pounds of pesticide active Ingredients are
used annually in this country, representing about 1,500 different active
Ingredients and 50,000 products.
The 1989 Pesticides program strategically builds and expands upon
accomplishments achieved by EPA in previous years, and reflects a continued commit-
ment to fulfill the Congressional mandate to balance health and environmental
protection with economic stability and growth. Traditionally, the Pesticides
.program has functioned as a national licensing program, focusing on the review of
chemicals. In 1989, this national program will continue to play a major role, but
will be enhanced by an Increased Regional/State Implementation presence. The
Agency's 1989 pesticide regulation strategy Includes the following elements: 1)
registration of new products and control of pesticide residues in the food chain,
2) review and reregistrati on of existing products, 3) assuring pesticides are
used correctly, and 4) research and development to support and Improve EPA's ability
to evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides. In 1989, the Agency will place
major emphasis on issuing Final Regulatory Standards and Tolerance Reassessments
(FRSTRs) for existing pesticides with complete data sets, and achieving closure on
the reregistrati on of these pesticides by revising formulations and labels for the
affected end-use products, as required. The Agency also plans to make significant
progress on the storage and disposal of cancelled/suspended pesticides.
Registration Activities
FIFRA and FFDCA authorize EPA to set the terms and conditions of pesticide
registration, marketing, and use. Under the Registration program, new pesticide
products are registered on the basis of data reviewed by Agency scientists, and
current registrations are amended to add new uses and/or new formulations. Manu-
facturers are required to conduct a full range of health and environmental testing
before marketing their new products. This testing uses sophisticated methodology
and techniques, enabling the Agency to more accurately determine the potential for
groundwater contamination, residues on food or feed, worker and applicator expo-
sure/environmental risks, and chronic and acute health hazards.
The Special Registration program will continue to perform an auxiliary
function by permitting certain unregistered pesticide uses for experimental pur-
poses and to deal with emergency pest situations. It also provides oversight and
guidance to State Registration and Experimental Use Permit programs. The Tolerance
program establishes safe and enforceable maximum permissible residue levels (or
in some instances exemptions from tolerance requirements) for both active and
inert pesticide ingredients in or on raw agricultural commodities and processed
foods.
P-3
-------
Generic Chemical Review (Including Rereglstration)
The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are supported
by data bases which the Agency has found Insufficient by today's standards to
support the required determination of "no unreasonable adverse effects." The
Generic Chemical Review program Is designed to remedy this by requiring the
upgrading of the scientific data base supporting registrations, reviewing available
data about each chemical, and formulating scientifically based regulatory positions
to guide the modification, cancellation, or rereglstration of existing products and
the registration of new products. The major activities which support this program
are as follows:
(1) Registration Standards provide the basis for the Interim rereglstrati on of
existing products and for the registration of new products containing currently
registered active Ingredients. Initially established on the basis of a thorough
review of existing Information on each pesticide, the Standards Identify data gaps
which must be filled, and explain the Agency's Interim regulatory position on the
use of active Ingredients common to large numbers of pesticide products. The
program Is focusing on the review of the highest volume pesticides and food-use
pesticides first 1n order to have the greatest Impact.
(2) Final Regulatory Standards and Tolerance Reassessments (FRSTRs) with closure
will be a major area of emphasis 1n 1989. When all the data required by a
Registration Standard have been obtained, the Initial Standard 1s revised to become
a FRSTR, which permits the Agency to reregister the active Ingredient. This 1n
turn permits the program to achieve real world Impact through rereglstration
closure, Involving end-use product formulation and label changes, as required, for
all products containing reregistered active Ingredients. Alternatively, review
during either the Initial Registration Standard or the second-round standard (FRSTR)
may result In Initiation of Special Review.
(3) Special Review Is a formal process by which pesticides suspected of causing
unreasonable adverse effects are subjected to Intensive risk/benefit analysis and
appropriate regulatory action 1s taken, such as restricting or prohibiting specific
uses of a pesticide. Special Reviews will continue to be a high priority.
(4) Greater emphasis will be placed on emerging problem areas, such as pesticides
1n ground water and endangered species protection from pesticides. These problems
will entail a shift to more site-specific risk assessments and management decisions,
requiring a larger Regional and State role. In 1989, the Agency will begin the
Implementation of Its strategy for dealing with the problem of Agricultural
Chemicals In Groundwater.
(5) Costs for the disposal of cancelled/suspended pesticides (currently ethylene
dibromide (EDB), dlnoseb, and 2,4,5-T/S1Tvex) will Increase substantially 1n 1989,
With 1988 funds, the Agency plans to complete final disposal of EOB stocks and
a significant portion of the 2,4,5-T/S11vex stocks 1n 1988, depending on the
availability of permitted facilities. In 1989, the Agency expects to make
significant progress on final disposal of remaining 2,4,5-T/S1lvex stocks and on
transportation, storage and disposal of dlnoseb.
Pesticides Enforcement
The enforcement provisions of FIFRA are carried out In major part through
the cooperative efforts of the States and Territories, under a program of Federal-
State cooperative enforcement agreements established with EPA. Participating States
and Territories conduct use Inspections, Inspect pesticide-producing establishments,
maintain marketplace surveillance, and Inspect dealers and users of restricted-use
pesticides. In most Instances 1n which violations are detected, the States and
Territories develop and prosecute enforcement cases as appropriate. In limited
P-4
-------
numbers of cases, States and Territories may refer .cases to EPA for action.
The Agency encourages the States and Territories to design and operate their
enforcement programs so as to place greatest emphasis upon compliance with the use
provisions of FIFRA, thereby producing the greatest environmental benefit. The
Agency will continue to support and manage these cooperative efforts 1n 1989.
The Agency conducts Federal pesticides compliance monitoring programs 1n cases
1n which States or Territories are unable or unwilling to support comprehensive
compliance monitoring programs of their own. Federal programs 1n such Instances
Include use Investigations, Import and export surveillance, and the preparation and
prosecution of enforcement cases. Other activities that are exclusively, the
reponslbill ties of the Agency Include providing technical and compliance assistance
to the States, the regulated community and the public, and operating an automated
data system which maintains Information on compliance Inspections, enforcement
actions, and pesticide production. Through Its technical and compliance assistance
efforts, the Agency also emphasizes such areas as ground water contamination, farm-
worker protection, development of State enforcement response policies under FIFRA
Sections 26 and 27, and tracking FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B) product registration
cancellations.
Research and Development
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to support the
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) by performing research 1n the areas of test
method development and validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation; exposure
monitoring; environmental engineering and technology; ecology; and biotechnology.
In addition, ORD will continue to provide technical support to OPP in exposure
assessment and monitoring procedures and risk assessment methodologies for
oncogenicity, mutagenicity and both reproductive and developmental toxlcity.
Additional biotechnology research will be performed in the areas of health
effects, including the interactive genetic aspects of microbial pesticide agents
containing recombinant genes with health implications, and environmental effects,
Including development of multlspecies testing protocols. Increased resources will
be used by ORD to develop and test technologies for the destruction and disposal
of cancelled/suspended pesticides.
P-5
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PESTICIDES
Actual
1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Special Review Decisions..
New Chemical and Biochemical/
Mlcroblal Agent Reviews .
Amended Registration
Reviews 7
Emergency Exemption
Revl ews
Experimental Use Permit
24(c) State Registration
Temporary Tolerance
Tolerance Petition
Inert Ingredient
Producer Establishment
Inspections a/..... 1
Use/Reentry arfd Experimental
Marketplace ~
Import Inspection's a/.....
Applicator License ~
and Record Inspections .. 9
State Dealer
Federal Laboratory
Inspections
Test Study Audits
Administrative OFders a/ .
Civil Litigations a/ .7...
Criminal Litigation's a/ ..
Registration Standard""
Guidance Packages
Established
Final Regulatory Standards
and Tolerance Reassessments
(FRSTRs)
Cumulative Outputs
Registration Standard
Guidance Packages
Established
Review of Incoming Studies
on Existing Chemicals ... 1
15
253
,038
,947
568
391
329
466
108
465
49
,910
.457
,428
412
,196
,399
86
478
,380
741
104
25
2
167
,478
Budget
Estimate
1988
13
330
4,025
5,825
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
0
0
5,220
475
175
20
5
187
2,183
Current
Estimate
1988
13
330
3,750
5,950
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
0
0
5,220
475
175
15
10
182
2,068
Request
1989
13
330
3,850
5,950
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
0
0
5,220
475
175
15
12
197
2,658
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1989 vs. 1988
+100
+2
+15
+590
a/ Includes both Federal and State enforcement activities
P-6
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Research
and Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
PESTICIDES
RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
Pesticides Research P-8
Sci enti f 1 c Assessment P-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance P-14
Health Effects P-15
Environmental Engineering and Technology P-16
Environmental Processes and Effects P-17
P-7
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
o
00
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems A
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Salaries & Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Pesticides
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Salaries A Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
* Effects - Pesticides
Salaries A Expenses
Research A Development
TOTAL
$384.0
$316.7
$700.7
$392.8
$1,178.1
$1,570.9
$1.883.4
$1,849.6
$3,733.0
$55.5
$801.5
$857.0
$2,661.9
$3,165.7
$5,827.6
$440.8
$363.3
$804.1
$438.7
$1,065.4
$1.504.1
$2,215.1
$1,811.0
$4,026.1
$61.0
$907.9
$968.9
$3,187.2
$3,106.5
$6,293.7
$420.3
. $363.3
$783.6
$415.8
$969.4
$1,385.2
$2.122.6
$1,681.0
. $3,803.6
$52.0
$801.9
$853.9
$3,026.0
$3,106.5
$6,132.5
$420.3
$363.3
$783.6
$415.8
$957.2
$1.373.0
$2.122.6
$1.667.9
$3,790.5
$52.0
$790.2
$842.2
$3,026.0
$3.066.1
$6.092.1
$429.5
$343.6
$773.1
$424.9
$957.2
$1.382.1
$2.169.1
$1.667.9
$3,837.0
$159.4
$2.115.0
$2.274.4
$3.092.3
$3.066.1
$6.158.4
$9.2
-$19.7
-$10.5
$9.1
$9.1
$46.5
$46.5
$107.4
$1,324.8
$1.432.2
$66.3
$66.3
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE*
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $5,377.6 $6,342.8 $6,036.7 $6,036.7 $6,275.2 $238.5
Research & Development $7,311.6 $7,254.1 $6,922.1 $6,844.7 $8,149.8 $1,305.1
Pesticides Research TOTAL $12,689.2 $13,596.9 $12,958.8 $12,881.4 $14,425.0 $1,543.6
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment - 6.1 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems * 6.3 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects - 32.1 38.7 38.7 38.1 38.1
Pesticides
Environmental 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 2.0
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides
Environmental Processes 46.9 61.8 61.8 61.2 61.2
* Effects - Pesticides
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 91.9 115.6 115.6 114.3 116.3 2.0
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
-o Environmental
- Engineering And
ACTUAL
1987
6.3
7.1
35.4
1.3
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
6.7
7.4
38.7
1.0
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
6.7
7.4
38.7
1.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
6.7
7.3
38.1
1.0
REQUEST
1989
6.7
7.3
38.1
3.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
2.0
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
55.2
61.8
61.8
61.2
61.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
105.3 115.6
115.6
114.3 116.3
2.0
-------
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies
1989; o Report on short-term predictors of chronic toxlclty to pesticides on
crustacean populations. (Environmental Processes)
o Assessment of neurotoxldty 1n workers, occupationally exposed to organo-
phosphorus pesticides: A neurobehavloral and biochemical study (Health)
1988; o Report on the role of salinity In toxlclty of pesticides to crustaceans
(Environmental Processes)
1987: o Final Report: Methods manual for spawning, culturing and testing anther-
1n1d fishes (Environmental Processes)
o Report describing validated test protocol to detect and characterize
neurotoxldty (Health)
Objective 2; Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Doslmetry and Extra-
polation
1989: o Report on markers and dosimetry research activity for exposure monitor-
Ing (Monitoring)
o Report on blomarkers as Indicators of pesticide exposure (Monitoring)
1988; o Systems plan for Implementation of biomarkers/pharmacokinetics research
program (Monitoring)
Objective 3; Perform Ecological Research Including Transport, Fate and Field Vali-
dation
1989: o Report on field validation of enclosure protocols for evaluating pesti-
cides in natural waters (Environmental Processes)
o Groundwater pesticides assessment manual for the Office of Pesticide
Programs, States and county extension professionals (Environmental
Processes)
1988; o Report on effects of field applications of agricultural pesticides on
estuarine biota (Environmental Processes)
1987; o User guide/manual for unsaturated-saturated zone pesticide exposure
model (Environmental Processes)
Objective 4: Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA
1989; o Report on the performance results of a pilot-scale trial burn of Dinoseb
pesticide formulations (Engineering)
o Report on performance result of full-scale incineration operations of EDB
inventory disposal (Engineering)
P-ll
-------
o Report on small pilot-scale combustion characteristics of the pesticide
Dinoseb utilizing low-NOx burner techniques (Engineering)
1988; o Report on field study of the effectiveness of protective clothing for
agricultural pesticide operations (Engineering)
o Report on laboratory study of the effectiveness of protective clothing
materials for agricultural pesticide operations (Engineering)
1987; o Report on evaluations of the permeation resistance of polymer gloves for
agricultural use in pesticide formulation (Engineering)
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1989; o Final report on the Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES)
methodology (expanded to Include a second city) (Monitoring)
1988: o Progress report on completion of the NOPES (Monitoring)
Objective 6; Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbiat and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents
1989; o Final report on validation of selected multlspecies test systems for
natural and genetically engineered mlcrobial pest control agents
(Environmental Processes)
o Microoporidon classification based on monoclonal antibodies
o Report on survival of BCAs released into the atmosphere (Environmental
Processes)
1988; o Report on the movement and survival of a biological control agent in two
. natural systems (Environmental Processes)
1987; o Report on laboratory testing and evaluation of selected MPCAs on non-tar-
get (terrestrial) arthropods (Environmental Processes)
Objective 7; Perform Studies on Ecotoxlcity and Develop Environmental Risk Assess-
ment Protocols
1989; o Report on relative importance of uptake routes of an organophosphate
chemical (Environmental Processes)
o Final report on biological data base for risk assessment (Environmental
Processes)
1988; o Report on physiochemical factors affecting acute toxicity (Environmental
Processes)
Objective 8: Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities
1989: o Annual report on operation of pesticide repository (Monitoring)
1988; o Report on the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment
(Monitoring)
P-12
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $14,425,000 supported by 116.3 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,543,600 and 2.0 total workyears from 1988. Of the
request, $6,275,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,149,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, increases of
$238,500 and $1,305,100, respectively.
Program Description
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticlde Act (FIFRA) and the Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act require the regulation of pesticide use to avoid
unreasonable adverse effects to public health and the environment. The research
program improves our understanding of how pesticides interact with human activities
and the environment, to assure that their use minimizes damage from pests, while
maximizing the protection of man's food, health and the.environment.
Objective 1; Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. This re-
search effort develops and validates environmental and health test methods for use
by industry to assist them in meeting pesticide registration requirements and
enforcement responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.
Objective 2: Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation.This research effort develops methods for extrapolating from high
to low doses between mammalian species, evaluates dermal penetration of pesticides
and examines structure activity relationships. Biological markers are evaluated
and tested to determine their potential use in exposure monitoring studies. This
information is used by the Agency to evaluate pesticide data submitted by industry
as part of the registration and re-registration process.
Objective 3: Perform Ecological Research Including Transport, Fate and Field
Validation.Thisresearcheffortvalidateslaboratorystudies byquantifying
pesticide effects through field testing in order to evaluate mortality, reproduction
and recovery potential of fishes, invertebrates, birds and other organisms. This
approach allows comparison between laboratory studies and actual field results.
This research also investigates the movement of pesticides through the environment
in order to determine the eventual disposition of pesticides in the environment.
Objective 4: Perform Engineering Research In Support of FIFRA. This research
effort provides information on protective clothing and equipment for pesticide
loaders, mixers, and applicators to meet the Office of Pesticides Programs' (OPP)
regulatory needs under FIFRA.
Objective 5: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research effort de-
velops equipment and specialized monitoring protocols and procedures for total
human exposure monitoring for pesticide exposure to characterize sources and
routes of exposure for national pesticide monitoring efforts.
Objective 6: Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents. This research effort evaluates the effects of microbial and
biochemical pest control agents (MBPCAs) and products of biotechnology on humans
and the environment to support registration activities of OPP.
P-13
-------
Objective 7; Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols. This research effort provides the means to determine the
risk posed to actual ecosystems by environmental pollutants by determining critical
endpoints and devising mathematical models in order to predict impacts. This work
will provide risk assessment protocols and guidelines for use in determining
potential effects to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Objective 8: Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. This activity
provides support to risk and exposure assessments by providing quality assurance
materials and reference compounds for pesticide residue analyses.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $773,100 supported by 6.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $429,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $343,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $9,200 and a decrease of $19,700, respectively, and no change
in total workyears. The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation
reflects a minor shift from extramural research to Inhouse research.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. The Scientific Assess-
ment program will continue to develop methods to determine reproductive dysfunction
as well as pesticide specific assessment methods for exposure and health risks
from cancer and mutagenicity. These methods will be used by Industry to meet
pesticides registration and re-registration responsibilities under Section 3 of
FIFRA.
Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. The Scientific Assessment
program will continue to prepare health risk assessments for cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/developmental effects and exposure to support OPP implement-
ation of FIFRA Section 3 provisions for evaluating risk from pesticides use.
Other efforts will provide for consultation on program office assessments.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $783,600 supported by 6.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $420,300 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $363,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation. The
program is continuing to develop exposure risk assessment methods and prepare and
review health risk assessments.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $700,700 supported by 6.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $384,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $316,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, an analysis was made of the Linuron data base, a pesticide which was
under Special Review, in order to validate the accuracy of data submitted to OPP.
A technical issue paper on chlorodane and heptachlor was peer reviewed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,382,100 supported by 7.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $424,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $957,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
P-14
-------
This represents an Increase of $9,100 In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in the Research and Development appropriation or total workyears.
The Increase In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the monitoring program.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Doslmetry and Extrapolation.
In this area, systematic studies will be undertaken to Identify and test biological
markers for use 1n monitoring human exposure to priority pesticide chemicals.
Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research will develop methods of
measurement for total human exposure to pesticides. These methods will be used to
provide data on actual human exposure to Individual pesticides and to quantify
frequency distributions and geographical and seasonal variability. Previous work
has determined that site measurements of various pollutants do not provide repre-
sentative data on actual personal exposure to Individuals.
Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities. This program will operate the
pesticide and Industrial chemical repository which annually distributes over 30.000
standard samples to over 1500 laboratories 1n over 50 countries. Emphasis will be
placed on certification of compared purity in preparation and distribution of
materials.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,373,000 supported by 7.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $415,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $957,200 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1988, a coordinated effort with the health research program will be underway to
identify and test biological markers of exposure to priority pesticide chemicals.
Monitoring equipment, expertise and staff to provide protocols and methodologies
for total human exposure monitoring for pesticides will be provided. .
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,570,900 supported by 7.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $392,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,178,100 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Annual reports were published for the data comparison program for pesticides and
for the pesticides and industrial chemicals repository. The Non-Occupational
Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES) was Initiated.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,837,000 supported by 38.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $2f>169,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,667,900 will 'be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $46,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in the Research and Development appropriation or total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the health effects program.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Health effects efforts
will develop and refine bioassays for the detection of adverse developmental and
reproductive effects for use by industry as part of FIFRA Section 3 evaluation of
risks. Techniques will be developed, validated, refined and implemented for
determining genetic effects caused by human exposure to chemical- carcinogens
P-15 '
-------
and mutagens. Methods will be developed to define the relationship between
biological Indicators of neurotoxicity and disease.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
Re search efforts will develop animal models for assessing health risks caused by
pesticides, including comparison of j£ vivo and in vitro methods for estimating
the dermal penetration of pesticides. These models" will assist in the evaluation
of pesticides data submitted as part of the registration and re-registration pro-
cess.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Hicrobial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agent's"! Research in this area will provide methods for detecting, identifying and
monitoring biological pesticide agents in mammalian cells as a basis for test
protocols to support microbial pesticide registration. Emphasis will be on the
interactive aspects of genetically altered microbial pesticide control agents with
health Implications. The results of this research will provide the basis for
validation of Subpart M guidelines for testing microbial pesticides.
1988 Program .
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,790,500 supported by 38.1
total workyears for this program, of which $2,122,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,667,900 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. Data on the effects of microbial and biochemical pest control agents
and genetically engineered pesticides will be provided, health effects test methods
are being developed, and research on extrapolation, dosimetry and biological mar-
kers are being performed.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,733,000 supported by 35.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,883,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,849,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, pro toco >s were developed in the area of immune toxicology in support of
FIFRA testing guidelines.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,274,400 supported by 3.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $159,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,115,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents Increases of $107,400 and $1,324,800, respectively, and an Increase of 2.0
total workyears. This increase will fund additional testing and evaluation of
environmentally sound and cost-effective technologies for the destruction and
disposal of pesticides which have been cancelled and suspended under FIFRA.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA. This research effort will
increase to provide engineering support to test and evaluate environmentally safe
and cost-effective technologies for the destruction and disposal of pesticide
stocks cancelled and suspended under FIFRA. Activities will include assessments
of existing or proposed technologies, recommending and preparing action plans for
disposal, and technical specifications for the disposal/destruction of cancelled
and suspended pesticides. Evaluation of selected protective garments for pesticide
applicators and femulators will also be conducted.
P-16
-------
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $842,200 supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this program, of which $52,000 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $790,200 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Engineering research activities are continuing to provide information on the effect-
iveness of protective garments for pesticide mixers, loaders and applicators as
well as research on disposal/destruction technologies for cancelled and suspended
pesticides.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $857,000 supported by 1.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $55,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $801,500 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Significant progress was made on the development of a laboratory method for measur-
ing the permeation of pesticide formulations through polymer gloves.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,158,400 supported by 61.2 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,092,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,066,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $66,300 in Salaries and Expenses and no change in the Research
and Development appropriation or total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for this
program.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies. Research efforts will
develop and validate bioassays and other methodologies for use as standardized
testing protocols to determine the effects of chemical pesticides on marine, fresh-
water and terrestrial animals. These efforts will provide testing methods which
the Agency can recommend for use by pesticide manufacturers.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport, Fate and Field Validation.
Research in this area will concentrate on the development, refinement and validation
of techniques and models to predict pesticide transport, degradation and fate, as
well as exposure estimates of pesticides through surface and subsurface matrices.
The effects of pesticides on estuarine biota and avlans will be investigated.
Aquifer types, run-off problems, and no till agricultural practices will be evalu-
ated for their relationship to groundwater pollution.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents"! Research in this area will develop and improve testing protocols for un-
altered Microbial Pest Control Agents (MPCAs) and genetically altered Biological
Control Agents (BCAs). Research results will supply testing protocols for subpart
M guidelines used by industry to provide data on which regulatory actions are
based.
Perform Studies on Ecotoxlcity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols.Research in this area will develop methodologies to predict risk to
ecosystems. The development of ecological risk assessment protocols and guidance
for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is necessary to quantify the probability
that adverse effects may occur as a result of exposure to pesticides and to estimate
the significance of such effects in the environment. Activities will include
developing risk assessment methodologies for pesticides by combining exposure and
hazard data via transport, fate and effects models. Physiochemical factors and
P-17
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impacts of pesticides on different populations will be incorporated into ecological
risk assessments.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,092,100 supported by 61.2
total workyears for this program, of which $3,026,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,066,100 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. This program will develop test methods in support of FIFRA guidelines,
perform research on transport, fate and field validation, and determine the effects
of biological pest control agents.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,827,600 supported by 55.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,661,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,165,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Sixteen major reports supplied the Agency information on toxicity methods, on field
effects and exposure estimates, and on biotechnological studies and risk evalua-
tions.
P-18
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Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Registration, Special Registration & tolerances , P-20
Regi st rat 1 on P-22
Sped al Regi stration P-24
Tolerances P-25
Generic Chemical Review P-27
Generic Chemical Review P-28
P-19
-------
PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration ft Tolerances
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Registration
Salaries A Expenses $9,232.7 $8,839.1 $8,776.0 $8,776.0 $8,758.3 -$17.7
Abatement Control and $3,369.1 $3,230.0 $3,230.0 $3,230.0 $3,230.0
Compliance
TOTAL $12,601.8 $12,069.1 $12,006.0 $12,006.0 $11,988.3 -$17.7
Special Registration
Salaries Ji Expenses $1,871.8 $2,089.4 $2,071.4 $2,071.4 $2,111.8 $40.4
TOTAL $1,871.8 $2,089.4 $2,071.4 $2,071.4 $2,111.8 $40.4
Tolerances
Salaries * Expenses $2,607.0 $2,898.3 $2,873.0 $2,873.0 $2,927.8 $54.8
TOTAL $2,607.0 $2,898.3 $2,873.0 $2,873.0 $2,927.8 $54.8
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses $13,711.5 $13,826.8 $13,720.4 $13,720.4 $13,797.9 $77.5
Abatement Control and $3,369.1 $3,230.0 $3,230.0 $3,230.0 $3,230.0
Compliance
Registration, Special TOTAL $17,080.6 $17,056.8 $16,950.4 , $16,950.4 $17,027.9 $77.5
Registration &
Tolerances
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration 183.3 166.0 170.0 161.1 160.0 -1.1
Special Registration 36.4 39.2 39.2 38.7 39.2 .5
-------
PESTICIDES
Registration', Special Registration A Tolerances
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
-o
ro
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
65.1
284.8
195.0
39.0
68.9
302.9
69.9
275.1
166.0
39.2
69.9
275.1
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
THOUSANDS)
69.9
279.1
170.0
39.2
69.9
279.1
69.0
268.8
161.1
38.7
69.0
268.8
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 19fl
69.9
269.1
160.0
39.2
69.9
269.1
.9
.3
-1.1
.5
.9
.3
-------
PESTICIDES
Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $17,027,900 supported by 269.1 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $77,500 and 0.3 total workyears from 1988. Of the request,
$13,797,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,230,000 will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $77,500
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change 1n the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
The Agency evaluates all proposed pesticides under a "no unreasonable adverse
effects" standard, taking Into account the economic, social, and environmental
risks and benefits of the use of any pesticide. These activities are authorized
by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodentlclde Act (FIFRA), which requires
that a pesticide be registered by EPA before it can legally be sold, distributed,
or made available for use, and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA),
which requires the establishment of safe pesticide residue levels on food and feed.
This subactlvlty Includes three program areas:
Registration Under this program, new pesticide products may be registered
and current registrations may be amended to add uses or new formulations. Regis-
tration decisions Involve: 1) reviewing formulation, effect, exposure, and use data
to ensure that product use will not result in "unreasonable adverse effects"; and
2) limiting the risks associated with use through label precautions, special
packaging requirements, application directions, and where necessary, restriction
of use to trained applicators.
Special Registration The purpose of this program 1s to respond to requests
for experimental use permits and emergency exemptions. These permit the use of
unregistered pesticides, or the use of registered pesticides for sites/pests
not included in their registration, to generate registration data or meet pest
emergencies. The program also reviews state registrations of pesticides for
special local needs and state plans for experimental use permits. These functions
are required by Sections 5, 18, and 24 of FIFRA.
Tolerances The goal of this program 1s to protect public health while
giving appropriate consideration to the production of an adequate, wholesome, and
economical food supply. This Is achieved by establishing tolerance levels for
residues of both active and inert pesticide Ingredients (or exemption from the
requirements of a tolerance) in or on raw agriculture commodities and processed
foods. Temporary tolerances may be established for food or feed crops to be
marketed following the application of experimental use pesticides. Testing of
analytical methods ensures that established tolerances can be adequately enforced.
REGISTRATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,988,300 supported by 160.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $8,758,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,230,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $17,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
P-22
-------
and a decrease of 1.1 total workyears. The decreases 1n Salaries and Expenses
and total workyears reflect a minor realignment of resources within the overall
Pesticides program.
In 1989, the Agency expects to conduct. 330 reviews of new chemicals and
biochemical/microbial agents, 3,850 reviews of old chemicals, 5,950 amended regis-
tration reviews, and 300 new use reviews. This 1s essentially the same level
of reviews as 1s expected 1n 1988. Ongoing activities Include the application of
more stringent requirements for conditional registrations; the enhancement of the
quality of scientific reviews through standard evaluation procedures; and the
automated integration of EPA records of scientific studies, reviews, product
information and other data, including product formula information. Registration
reviews will continue to emphasize impact on ground water and endangered species.
The emphasis on processing of new chemicals and new uses (especially the
first food use of any pesticide) will be continued in 1989. Resources used in
1988 for the old chemicals and amendments productivity Initiative will be redirected
in 1989 to process old chemical reviews. Continued attention will be given to
biochemical/microbial agents to determine the scope of required regulatory changes
and necessary interagency coordination.
Increased emphasis will be given to ground water contamination Including
registrant monitoring, more extensive use of environmental fate test data, geo-
graphical restrictions, and restricted use classifications. This will help prevent
future environmental cleanup problems. Revisions to the Agricultural Worker
Protection Standards regulations (40 CFR 170) governing pesticide-treated field
reentry intervals, protective clothing, other work practices, and label warnings
are expected to be published as a final rule. In 1989, registration fees will be
collected following the expected publication of a final rule in 1988.
Regional liaison will be Improved by detailing Headquarters personnel to
Regional offices or hiring and training new staff. This will improve Regional
and State understanding of Headquarters regulatory activities, involve them more
routinely in consultations on policies affecting their mission, and provide
feedback to Headquarters on Issues of concern to specific Regions and States.
Increased liaison efforts will also facilitate enforcement, improve public under-
standing and compliance with EPA policies, improve oversight of Section 18
(emergency exemptions) and Section 24(c) (special local needs) programs, and
relieve the burden on Headquarters resources posed by special problems (e.g.,
container disposal, ground water contamination) which can be more effectively
addressed at the Regional level.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,006,000 supported by 161.1
total workyears for this program, of which $8,776,000 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,230,000 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988, resources are being shifted from old chemical and amended registration
reviews to the Regions (via the Certification and Training program) in order to
develop an expert Regional capability for pesticide regulatory activities. The
reduction in resources for old chemicals and amendments will reduce outputs and
increase average elapsed times for these types of reviews. However, an evaluation
of the productivity of the old chemicals and amendments review process will be used
to attempt to reduce the cost of these activities while insuring adequate quality
of required reviews. Any cost reductions achieved through the productivity
initiative will result in increased outputs and shorter delays.
Proposed revisions to the Agricultural Worker Protection Standards and a final
rule for registration fees are expected to be published in 1988.
P-23
-------
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $12,601,800 supported by 195.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,232,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,369,100 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, the Registration program actively worked to reduce risks to human
health and the environment by maintaining priority consideration of new chemicals
and new uses to permit more rapid entry Into the marketplace of new, potentially
safer, chemicals which may replace hazardous chemicals that remain In use because
no alternatives exist. Continued special attention was given to biochemical/
mlcroblal agents. A notice of proposed rulemaklng was published 1n 1987 concerning
Imposition of registration fees.
SPECIAL REGISTRATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,111,800 supported by 39.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents Increases of $40,400 and 0.5 total workyears. The Increases
reflect a minor realignment of resources within the overall Pesticides program.
Projected outputs for 1989 for emergency exemption reviews, experimental use
permit (EUP) reviews, and State and special local need reviews are the same as 1n
1988. Stringent criteria for granting Section 18 exemptions, such as consideration
of progress towards permanent registration and clarification of "emergency" and
"significant economic loss", will continue to be applied to avoid circumvention of
the full registration process. Headquarters will continue to work closely with the
Regions to monitor emergency exemptions and State and local needs provisions to
prevent circumvention of registration requirements.
In 1989, the Agency expects to accomplish 400 EUP reviews, 250 emergency
exemption reviews and 475 State and special local need reviews. Rapid communication
with affected parties and States and other measures will be continued to minimize
processing times and backlogs. Special emphasis will continue to be placed on the
regulatory implications of genetically engineered, microbial pesticides (GEMPs).
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $2,071,400 supported by 38.7
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1988, State participation in the Emergency Exemption, Experimental Use
Permit, and Special Local'Needs programs is being enhanced through EPA guidance and
close Federal/State cooperation. For experimental use permits, special emphasis 1s
being placed on the review of products of biotechnology, which Involves special
skills and expedited review not required of more conventional pesticides.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,871,800 supported by 39.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
P-24
-------
In 1987, the Agency completed a review of regulations Issued In 1986 that
established more stringent criteria for granting emergency exemptions. The report
found that the revised regulations were helping assure the validity of the exemption
requests and that compliance with the regulations was good. Certain genetically
engineered mlcroblal pesticides, requiring notification to the Agency of Intended
small-scale field testing, were evaluated and experimental use permits were Issued,
when appropriate, to allow for experimentation with nonregistered products or uses
to develop data needed for registration.
TOLERANCES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,927,800 supported by 69.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents Increases of $54,800 and 0.9 total workyears. The Increases
reflect a minor realignment of resources within the overall Pesticides program.
Requested resources will permit an anticipated 475 tolerance petition reviews,
150 temporary tolerance petition reviews, and 60 reviews of Inert Ingredient
requests, the same level as 1n 1988. Special emphasis will be placed on policies to
ensure that tolerances reflect the most current regulatory status of each active
Ingredient Including revocation of tolerances on cancelled pesticides and tolerance
reassessments 1n conjunction with Registration Standard review.
Certain facets of the Tolerance Assessment System (TAS), used to determine
estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide residues, will be available 1n micro-
computer form for use by Agency officials to Improve decision-making. Tolerance
fees will -be Increased to reflect any Increase 1n the General Schedule payscale.
The processing of tolerance petitions will be modified as required by Agency
decisions 1n response to the 1987 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report
concerning the "Oelaney Clause" of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(FFDCA). Resources for follow-up to the NAS report are In the Generic Chemical
Review program since the major Issues relating to tolerance reassessments Involve
existing chemicals reviewed as part of the rereglstrati on.program.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency Is allocating a total of $2,873,000 supported by 69.0
total workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The Tolerance Assessment System (TAS) 1s being updated and refined for use by
Agency risk managers. Increased emphasis 1s being placed on evaluating potential
risks of Inert Ingredients and contaminants. Crop group tolerances continue to be
used where applicable to reduce data requirements and efficiently deal with minor
uses. A strategy for Implementing the recommendations 1n the 1987 NAS report 1s
being prepared. Tolerance fees are being Increased by the percentage Increase in
pay for General Schedule employees.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,607,000 supported by 68.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
P-25
-------
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Issued a report In response to an
Agency request for a review of EPA's pesticide tolerance-setting methods 1n light
of the "Delaney Clause" of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
The computer-based Tolerance Assessment System (TAS) was used for determining
estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide residues. Tolerance fees were Increased
by three percent (3%) 1n 1987 to reflect the General Schedule payralse for civilian
employees.
P-26
-------
PESTICIDES
Renerlc Chemical Review
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED » CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(HOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Generic Chemical Review
Salaries K Expenses $14,213.8 $16,353.6 $16,604.4 $16,604.4 $16,696.9 $92.5
Abatement Control and $10,912.9 $10,404.7 $19,104.7 $19,104.7 $70,404.7 $51,300.0
Compl1ance
TOTAL $25,126.7 $26,758.3 $35,709.1 $35,709.1 $87,101.6 $51,392.5
$14,213.8 $16,353.6 $16,604.4 $16,604.4 $16,696.9 $92.5
$10,912.9 $10,404.7 $19,104.7 $19,104.7 $70,404.7 $5*1,300.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
^ Compliance
~ Generic Chenlcal TOTAL $25,126.7 $26,758.3 $35,709.1 $35,709.1 $87,101.6 $51,392.5
Review
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
254.9 307.2 323.2 319.4 319.3 -.1
254.9 307.2 323.2 319.4 319.3 -.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review.
TOTAL WORKYEARS
272.5 307.2 323.2 319.4 319.3 -.1
272.5 307.2 323.2 319.4 319.3 -.1
-------
PESTICIDES
Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $87,101,600 supported by 319.3 total work-
years for 1989, an Increase of $51,392,500 and a decrease of 0.1 workyears
from 1988. Of the request, $16,696,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $70,404,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, Increases of $92,500 and $51,300,000, respectively.
Program Description
This subactlvlty Includes: 1) Registration Standards and Final Regulatory
Standards and Tolerance Reassessments (FRSTRs) to enable the Agency to meet
efficiently the statutory mandate to update and reexamlne Information on currently
registered pesticides and to reregister them, and 2) Special Reviews conducted
to rigorously evaluate the risks and benefits of pesticides with an Identified
potential for producing significant adverse health or environmental effects, and
to take appropriate regulatory action (e.g., suspend, cancel, modify, or return to
registration).
GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $87,101,600 supported by 319.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $16,696,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and $70,404,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $92,500 In the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an Increase of $51,300,000 1n the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and a decrease of 0.1 total workyears. The Increase In Salaries
and Expenses reflects Increased personnel costs. The Increase 1n the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation reflects a substantial Increase in the level
of support for pesticides disposal.
The Agency's responsibility to bear the costs of disposal of cancelled/sus-
pended pesticides will continue 1n 1989. Under current law, the Agency 1s required
to accept for safe disposal those pesticide stocks which have been suspended under
Section 6(c) of FIFRA, and subsequently cancelled. Significant new resources will
be needed for this effort In 1989 to protect public health and the environment from
the potential hazard that these pesticides present. The large Increase In resources
will allow for significant progress toward final disposal of 2,4,5-T/S11vex stocks
and on decannlng, transportation, storage and disposal of dlnoseb.
The program will continue the emphasis, begun 1n 1988, on Issuance of Final
Regulatory Standards and Tolerance Reassessments (FRSTRs) with rereglstrati on
closure. Twelve FRSTRs with rereglstration closure will be conducted compared to
ten planned In 1988. FRSTRS are the product of the updating of Registration
Standards when all of the data required by the Data Call-In and Registration
Standards programs are available and reviewed.
The Agency also expects to establish 15 Initial Registration Standards 1n
1989, the same number as in 1988. Initial standards will continue to be developed
for potentially high risk pesticides, and to provide for the continued development
of substantially complete data bases for FRSTR review In future years. The number
P-28
-------
of Initial standards actually established in a given year may vary according to
their relative priority with respect to candidates for FRSTRs.
The Agency will continue to address the complex issues -raised by the National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) 1987 study of the Delaney Clause of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). These issues have potentially far-reaching effects
on the reregistrati on program.
As a result of ground water contamination concerns, a long-term collaborative
effort is being developed by EPA Headquarters, the Regions, and the States to
integrate pesticide and ground water management programs. The Agency will continue
efforts to assess the potential for agricultural pesticides to contaminate the
nation's supply of underground drinking water, including both the likely extent and
degree of contamination. In addition, ground water contamination concerns will be
considered in reregi strati on and registration reviews. The Regions will continue
the effort begun in 1988 to develop an expert Regional capability to support
pesticide regulatory activities, including a strong focus on ground water concerns,
other geographic-specific environmental concerns, and Regional monitoring.
Review of studies called in during prior years, including studies of ground
water contamination and chronic health effects, will be continued. Priority will
be given to those studies which meet flagging criteria indicating potential adverse
effects. Remaining studies will be reviewed in the course of FRSTR reviews.
Resources requested for 1989 will enable the completion of 13 Special Review
decisions. Special Reviews will be initiated according to criteria which realis-
tically reflect actual risk, and will emphasize ground water considerations,
accelerated decision making, and increased use of restricted use classifications
to control risk. The number of Special Reviews may vary since the initiation of
Special Reviews is responsive to the identification of potential risks during
Registration Standards development and the receipt of studies from Registration
Standards and Data Call-in indicating potential adverse effects, the outcomes of
which cannot be predetermined. If fewer or additional Special Reviews are required,
resources may be shifted between Special Reviews and Registration Standards or
FRSTRs. Administrative hearings will be held as required on regulatory action
proposed by the Agency in the Special Review process.
The results of lab audits will be employed in the Special Review and
Registration processes to assure the validity of health and environmental effects
data used to support pesticide registration actions. Monitoring of selected
pesticide exposure problems and accidental exposure incidents will be continued
in cooperation with various Federal, State and other institutional sources.
The use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques in urban pest management
will be furthered in cooperation with other agencies. IPM will be considered in
Special Reviews, on a case-by-case basis, among the full range of potential
risk-reduction measures examined.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $35,709,100 supported by 319.4
total workyears for this program, of which $16,604,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $19,104,700 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Generic Chemical Review program element is undergoing a number of
significant changes in emphasis in 1988:
The reregistrati on program is undergoing a shift to the production of
second-round Registration Standards or FRSTRs including label and formulation
changes on end-use products (FRSTRs with reregistrati on closure). This shift will
permit EPA to begin to address complete data bases which are accumulating faster
P-29
-------
than they can be reviewed, and will result 1n greater environmental payoffs and
greater real world Impacts from the reregistrati on program. Ten FRSTRs with
reregistration closure are planned for 1988.
The Agency expects to establish 15 Registration Standards 1n 1988, five less
than anticipated 1n the 1988 President's Budget. This reduction will permit a
shift in resources to FRSTRs with reregistrati on closure. Initial standards
continue to be developed for potentially high risk pesticides, and provide for the
continued development of substantially complete data bases for second-round or
FRSTR review in future years. Registration Standards follow-up is being enhanced
to obtain more complete payoff both from Registration Standards already developed
and from other actions such as the call-in of toxicology and exposure Information
for anti-microbials.
Resources are being redirected to respond to the Delaney Clause Issues
highlighted in the National Academy of Sciences report, including a likely require-
ment to reassess tolerances for the highest risk and most widely used pesticides.
Thirteen Special Reviews are projected for 1988. Automated decision support systems
for assessing dietary exposure are being enhanced to support this work.
In accordance with the shift in the focus of ground-water Initiatives to the
Regions and the States, Headquarters personnel are being utilized to provide
ground-water technical assistance to the Regions. In addition, the Agency is
continuing efforts to assess the potential for agricultural pesticides to contam-
inate the nation's supply of underground drinking water, Including both the likely
extent and degree of contamination.
i
Resource needs for pesticides disposal Increase 1n 1988. Available resources
are being used to continue evaluation of alternative disposal methods for all sus-
pended/cancelled chemicals (ethylerie dibromlde (EDB), 2,4,5-T/S1lvex, and dlnoseb).
The Agency plans to dispose of all national stocks of EDB and a significant portion
of the 2,4,5-T/S1l-vex stocks, depending on the availability of permitted disposal
facilities. The Agency anticipates that a portion of the dinoseb stocks that have
already been cancelled/suspended may be decanned and stored in 1988.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $25,126,700 supported by 272.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,213,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,912,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, two FRSTRs were conducted, 25 Registration Standards were established,
and Special Review decisions were reached on 15 chemicals. New review procedures
were in effect providing for early involvement of all appropriate EPA offices in the
development of regulatory decisions, Including Special Reviews.
In 1987, the Data Call-In program called in selected missing data for
antimicrobial pesticides. The program also continued to develop improvements in
the product chemistry data base necessary to determine inerts, impurities, and
contaminants which are of toxicological concern in pesticide products.
Laboratory data audits were conducted by the Agency or cooperatively with
other agencies to ensure the development of high-quality test data on the health
and environmental effects of pesticides. The National Pesticide Monitoring Plan
was completed and transmitted to Congress.
P-30
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
ENFORCEMENT
Pesticides Enforcement , P-32
Pesticides Enforcement P-35
Pesticides Enforcement Grants P-36
Pesticides Certification & Training P-37
Pesticides Certification & Training Grants P-38
P-31
-------
PROGRAM
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ul
ro
Pesticides Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement
Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Pesticides
Certification ft
Training Program
Salaries 4 Expenses
Pesticides
Certification &
Training Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$4,500.2 $4,942.1 $4,852.0 $4,852.0 $5,013.3
$255.0 $105.0 $105.0 $105.0 $105.0
TOTAL $4,755.2 $5,047.1 $4,957.0 $4,957.0 $5,118.3
$8,624.2 $8,703.4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4
TOTAL $8,624.2 $8,703.4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4 $8,703.4
$519.2 $684.4 $1,030.5 $1,030.5 $1.043.8
TOTAL $519.2 $684.4 $1,030.5 $1,030.5 $1,043.8
$2,482.9 $4,000.0 $4,000.0 $4,000.0 $4,000.0
TOTAL $2,482.9 $4,000.0 $4,000.0 $4,000.0 $4,000.0
$161.3
$161.3
$13.3
$13.3
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$5,019.4 $5,626.5 $5,882.5 $5,882.5 $6,057.1
$11,362.1 $12,808.4 $12,808.4 $12,808.4 $12,808.4
$174.6
Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL $16,381.5 $18,434.9 $18,690.9 $18,690.9 $18,865.5 $174.6
-------
Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
CO
CO
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
Pesticides
Certification *
Training Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL WORK YEARS
Pesticides Enforcement
Pesticides
Certification *
Training Program
TOTAL WORK YEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
97.0 104.9 104.9 98.2 104.6 6.4
10.4 15.4 15.4 . 22.1 22.4 .3
i
107.4 120.3 120.3 120.3 127.0 6.7
105.1 104.9 104.9 104.6 104.6
11.1 15.4 15.4 22.4 22.4
116.2 120.3 120.3 127.0 127.0
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PESTICIDES
Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $18,865,500 supported by 127.0 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $174,600 and no change 1n total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $6,057,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$12,808,400 will for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation, an
Increase of $174,600 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change 1n
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
The purpose of this subactlvlty Is to assure that the pesticide Industry
users, producers and distributors complies with the Federal Insecticide, Fungi-
cide, and Rodentlclde Act (FIFRA). This 1s accomplished primarily by State
activities conducted under cooperative agreements with EPA. In addition, this
subactlvlty will rebuild pesticide applicator certification and training programs
In general and provide nationally consistent and credible programs across the
country to train and certify applicators, ensuring their competence to use
restricted use pesticides.
The program areas under this subactlvlty Include the following:
Pesticides Enforcement The pesticide enforcement program provides direction
and assistance to the States and, where the States do not operate comprehensive
programs, operates programs directly. The Regional offices negotiate and manage
cooperative agreements under which the States operate enforcement and pesticide
applicator certification and training programs. The Regions assist the States with
enforcement actions and prepare and Issue notices of violation and administrative
orders 1n Instances where a State does not participate In the cooperative enforce-
ment program or where a State refers a case to the Agency for action. The Regions
provide technical and compliance assistance to the agricultural chemical Industry,
commercial and private pesticide applicators, user groups, and States.
The Headquarters component of the Pesticides Enforcement program establishes
national program priorities. It also provides support 1n the development of new
FIFRA regulations and develops enforcement response policies and compliance moni-
toring strategies for each new rule. Special Review decisions and key Registration
and Data Call-In activities also require enforcement Input and assistance. Head-
quarters prepares annual guidance for the cooperative Federal/State enforcement
program.
Pesticides Enforcement Grants ~ This program accounts for the bulk of pesti-
cide compliance activities 1n the United States. Under the terms of cooperative
agreements with EPA, the States Investigate pesticide use, misuse and reentry
matters, Inspect pesticide producer establishments, and provide marketplace sur-
veillance. The States also survey pesticide Imports, Inspect pesticide dealer
records, and review commercial applicator records under this program.
Pesticides Certification and Training The Agency's Pesticides Certification
and Training ic&T) program providesguidance and assistance to the States and,
where the States do not operate C&T programs, operates programs to train and
certify applicators to use restricted use pesticides. The Regional offices
negotiate and manage cooperative agreements under which the States operate certifi-
cation programs. The Regions evaluate State C&T programs, Identify Regional C4T
Issues, and assist the States 1n Implementing regulatory decisions affecting
P-34
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certification and training. The Regions conduct follow-up C&T reviews to ensure
Implementation of agreed-upon changes to State C&T programs.
The .Headquarters staff of the Certification and Training program establishes
national program priorities and C&T requirements. It develops national C&T
strategies as chemicals are classified for restricted use and national C&T Issues
are Identified. It establishes priorities for developing training material, and
prepares annual guidance for the cooperative Federal/State certification program.
Pesticides Certification and Training Grants This program 1s designed to
Insure that only competent, trained applicators handle, apply, store and dispose of
restricted use pesticides. EPA funds cooperative agreements with States to certify
applicators to use restricted use pesticides. State certification programs must be
approved by EPA and must provide not only Initial certification, but also mech-
anisms for maintaining applicators' competency. This Is accomplished by requiring
applicators periodically to renew their certification by completing State-specific
requirements.
EPA has an Interagency agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
to provide training to pesticide applicators by working through State Cooperative
Extension Services. Applicators receive training 1n the areas of safe and effective
use of pesticides, and changing technological and regulatory requirements.
In Colorado, EPA administers the Certification and Training program for
private applicators. In Nebraska, EPA administers the Certification and Training
program for both private and commercial (for-h1re) applicators. Certification and
training funds are used to support these Federally run programs and to develop
Regional educational packages and special Initiatives to meet new or emerging
pesticides Issues and critical gaps.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,118,300 supported by 104.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,013,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $105,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $161,300 for the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel costs.
In 1989, the Pesticides Enforcement program will again concentrate on State
participation, under cooperative enforcement agreements, in the nationwide, pesti-
cide compliance monitoring program. The Agency will emphasize achieving compliance
with rules governing pesticide use, with relatively less emphasis on product sur-
veillance in the marketplace. The States will also be responsible for enforcing
notices of intent to suspend product registrations issued under the Data Call-In
program. The primary Federal role at the Regional level will be oversight and
management of State cooperative agreement programs. The Regional offices also
support such newer Agency programs as protection of ground-water supplies from
contamination by agricultural chemicals including pesticides, endangered species
protection, farmworker safety, overseeing the development of State enforcement
response policies under Sections 26 and 27, and tracking and compliance followup
for Section 3(c)(2){B) cancellations.
Headquarters will provide overall program guidance and management, will assist
in developing new and revised regulations and will develop compliance monitoring
strategies and enforcement response policies for all such rules. Headquarters staff
will also provide guidance and general oversight to the Federal/State cooperative
enforcement agreement program, and technical and analytical support for Regional
P-35
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activities. Both Headquarters and the Regional offices are responsible for quality
assurance and quality control of all enforcement data collected by EPA.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $4,957,000 supported by 104.6
total workyears for this program, of which $4,852,000 Is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $105,000 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988, the Agency 1s continuing to emphasize State participation 1n pesticide
compliance monitoring and enforcement activities through cooperative enforcement
agreements. There are 55 cooperative enforcement agreements with States and Terri-
tories and eight additional agreements with Indian Nations. Federal compliance
monitoring activities continue 1n States without cooperative agreements.- Other
Federal responsibilities Include Import and export surveillance, technical and
compliance assistance to the States and the regulated community, and operation of
a computer system maintaining pesticide producer establishment and production
records and other related enforcement data.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,755,200 supported by 105.1
total workyears for this program, of which $4,500,200 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $255,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1987, the Federal compliance monitoring program accomplished the following:
128 inspections of pesticide producing establishments, 197 use and re-entry inspec-
tions, 203 Import Inspections at ports of entry, 263 marketplace Inspections, and
86 laboratory Inspections. EPA Issued 360 administrative orders, 785 letters of
warning for product/producer and use violations, 332 stop sale, use or removal
orders, 67 voluntary recalls, 68 Import detentions, and one criminal referral to
the Department of Justice.
A total of 55 cooperative enforcement agreements were 1n place with States
and Territories, plus another eight agreements with Indian Nations, in 1987. As
part of the cooperative agreement program, the Agency provided training for State
inspectors, chemists and case development staff.
PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,703,400 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change from 1988.
The Agency will continue cooperative enforcement agreements with 55 partici-
pating States and Territories, and eight agreements with Indian Nations. The
cooperative enforcement agreements program is designed to permit participating
States and Territories to determine their program priorities and utilize the
resources provided to act upon these priorities. State activities will include
use and re-entry investigations, pesticide producer establishment and marketplace
inspections, applicator license and record inspections, and dealer record inspec-
tions.
P-36
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,703,400 for this program,
all of which Is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
In 1988, the Agency 1s continuing 55 cooperative enforcement agreements with
States and Territories, and eight additional agreements with Indian Nations. These
agreements emphasize user compliance with label directions for proper use and
application, as well as manufacturer adherence to product formulation requirements
under FIFRA.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,624,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Under the terms of their cooperative enforcement agreements, 55 participating
States and Territories, plus Indian Nations, conducted 18,260 use, reentry and
experimental use Inspections, 1,782 inspections of pesticide-producing establish-
ments, 9,029 applicator license and record Inspections, 6,171 dealer record
Inspections, 8,165 marketplace inspections and 209 Import inspections.
PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,043,800 supported by 22.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
This represents an increase of $13,300, and no change in total workyears. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel
costs.
In 1989, emphasis will be placed on assessing State training programs and
certification examinations (not previously reviewed) for private and commercial
applicators, developing corrective action plans based on the reviews, finalizing
revisions to the federal certification regulations, and providing technical
expertise with regard to certification and training and other pesticide issues.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,030,500 supported by 22.4
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation.
The Regions are working with States to oversee the remedying of State Plan
deficiencies based on their evaluations and negotiations, and to implement rules
governing the sale of restricted use pesticides to non-certified persons. The
Regional offices are reviewing State training programs and examinations that lead
to the certification of private applicators. EPA Regional pesticide experts are
providing technical expertise on pesticide issues such as certification and
training, application techniques, toxicity, pesticide disposal, restricted use
pesticides, and topical pesticide issues.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $519,200 supported by 11.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
P-37
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In 1987, the Agency completed the review of 53 State Certification Plans and
reached agreement on schedules for Implementing corrective action 1n the States
with priority needs In certification and training. The first National C&T Workshop
In eight years was held to discuss new C&T techniques with representatives from
every State. The Regions negotiated and managed 53 certification cooperative
agreements.
PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,000,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents no
change from 1988.
Of the total requested, $1,820,000 for certification agreements will help
to support 53 applicator certification programs 1n participating States and
Territories and In the Federally run programs 1n Colorado and Nebraska. EPA will
continue Its Interagency Agreement with USOA to provide training to pesticide
applicators by working through State Cooperative Extension Services. A grant of
$1,680,000 to the USDA/State Extension Services will help to support 53 applicator
training programs.
Remaining resources will be used to develop Regional educational packages and
special Initiatives to meet national and Regional emerging pesticide Issues and
critical Information gaps. Resources will also be used to develop training programs
for non-agricultural applicators for whom training expertise 1s not currently
available.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $4,000,000 for this program,
all of which Is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Of that total, $3,500,000 1s being used to help support 53 delegated certi-
fication programs, 53 delegated training programs, and the Federally run programs
in Colorado and Nebraska. The States are updating their programs to address
newly restricted pesticides, changes 1n technology and new Information on the
use and effects of pesticides. The remaining $500,000 1s for seven to nine
C&T special Initiatives to address Regional Issues and non-agricultural training
needs (Including proper use of restricted use pesticides 1n lawn care and
within structures, and relating to ground-water and disposal procedures). A
steering committee has been established to Identify and make accessible appropriate
private-sector resources that are currently not being used in C&T.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,482,900 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. EPA helped to
support 53 applicator certification programs and 53 training programs and operated
programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
P-38
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RADIATION
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION R-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Radi ation Research . R-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance R-in
Environmental Engineering and Technology ;R-11
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards A Guidelines R-14
Radiation. Program Implementation R-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment R-21
Radon Action Program R-25
Radon Action Program Implementation R-28
R-l
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APPROPRIATION
RADIATION
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries A'Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research 4 Development
TOTAL, Radiation
$9,878.0 $9,436.1 $10,838.3 $10,838.3 $11,189.3 $351.0
$4,010.3 $3,810.6 $5,810.6 $8,110.6 $7.310.6 -$800.0
$1.524.9 $800.0 $1,500.0 $1.489.2 $2.300.0 $810.8
$15,413.2 $14,046.7 $18,148.9 $20,438.1 $20.799.9 $361.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
162.9 153.7 168.9 174.4 172.2 -2.2
177.3 166.7. 183.2 183.2 183.2
$18.200.5 $17,511.4 $15,591.6 $17,558.2 $18,960.8 $1.402.6
All authorization except for Research and Development, Is by virtue of the
Appropriation Act. The Environmental Research Development and Demonstration
Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
RADIATION
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse effects
of radiation exposure 1s derived from several statutes: the Atomic Energy Act,
which provides authority for Federal guidance and general environmental standards
(transferred to EPA by Reorganization Plan #3 of 1970); the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1977, which provide authority to regulate radioactive air pollutants; the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control
Act, which charge EPA with providing standards for protection from waste materials
with radioactive content; the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA),
which requires the Administrator to take certain actions concerning indoor radon;
and other authorities contained 1n the Nuclear Waste Policy Act; the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act; the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act; the
Safe Drinking Water Act; the Public Health Service Act; and the National Environ-
mental Policy Act.
These statutes generally prescribe roles of environmental assessment, tech-
nology assessment, standard-setting, and research. In some cases, enforcement
responsibilities are vested in other agencies, notably the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC). In these instances, EPA performs some oversight functions to
ensure that established standards and guidance are followed.
The basic program strategy for EPA's Radiation Program focuses on four major
objectives: (1) reduce health effects and environmental impacts; (2) assess
emerging radiation problems; and (3) maintain a capability to respond to emergen-
cies; and (4) carry out supporting research.
Reduce adverse health effects and environmental impact from radiation exposure
through a program'of standards and guides"
Source categories that emit airborne radionuclides are assessed and regulated,
where appropriate, by the promulgation and implementation of National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs), under section 112 of the Clean
Air Act. In 1989 emphasis will be placed on revising the radionuclide NESHAPs
already promulgated, and reviewing the decisions not to regulate other source
categories, in accordance with the Court decision that limits the use of cost
factors in establishing required levels. Various classes of radioactive wastes
and disposal options are evaluated and regulated in a program designed to ensure
that disposal takes place in an environmentally sound manner that limits exposures.
Principal tasks remaining include promulgation of standards for land and ocean
disposal of low-si evel radioactive wastes, development of regulations to determine
permissible residual radioactivity levels for decommssioned nuclear facilities,
and development of groundwater protection standards for inactive mill tailings
sites. The Court has also ordered the Agency to revise portions of the standard
for disposal of high-level radioactive wastes. Federal Guidance will be completed
for general population exposure to radiofrequency radiation and submitted to the
President for .signature. Protective Action Guides are being developed to assist
in the relocation and resettlement of populations in the event of a radiation
incident.
Assess and quantify existing and emerging radiation problems and their potential
impact.
Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is estimated to cause between
5,000 and 20,000 lung cancer fataliti«s annually. Measurements of indoor radon
levels from naturally occurring radium in soil and rocks in the Reading Prong
areas of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, and the elevated exposure levels
R-3
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discovered In other parts of the country, demonstrate the need to address this
environmental problem. The Radon Action Program will continue to be one of the
Agency's highest priorities in 1989.
The Agency program to address elevated radon levels includes four major
components: assessment of the problem, mitigation and prevention research and
applications, development of State and private sector capability, and development
and dissemination of information and education materials. These components, which
incorporate functions mandated under SARA, are parts of an Integrated program that
emphasize a voluntary partnership of the Federal, State, and private sectors.
Specific activities include conduct of the national survey of radon in residences,
more Intensive State surveys, and preparation for national surveys of radon in
schools and workplaces. The House Evaluation Program affords State personnel and
contractors the opportunity to use the latest techniques 1n mitigating significant
radon problems in actual residences, and the Radon Measurement Proficiency program
provides a vehicle for the public to gain Information on the capability of private
measurement firms. A similar program for mitigation contractors will be launched
in 1989. A radon clearinghouse will also be established to collect information
and disseminate it. to the public and Industry regarding measurement techniques
and mitigation and prevention methods.
Knowledge of radiation exposure from some sources has become more widespread,
and the potential for radiation contamination of environmental pathways 1s growing
as greater uses are made of radioactive materials. Requests for assistance in site
assessments and radiochemical analyses of environmental samples have increased
substantially, particularly from the Federal sector.
Maintain a capability to respond to emergencies and to aid development and testing
of State, local, and Federal plans for emergency response
The Agency maintains the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS) to provide a mechanism for tracking and measuring large atmospheric releases
of radioactive materials across the country. This system also provides continuous
information on radiation levels in environmental pathways. Two emergency response
teams are maintained in a state of readiness so that they can be flown to sites
where significant radiation releases have occurred or appear imminent. EPA will
seek to extend the number of staff trained to participate effectively 1n a radia-
tion emergency. In addition, the Agency will participate in full field exercises
scheduled by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Agency monitoring operations conducted at the Three Mile Island (TMI) field
station will be completed and the responsibility transferred to the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania. In addition, the quality assurance program for radiochemical
analyses will be maintained.
Conduct Supporting Research
The EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) performs two key functions
in support of the Agency's radiation goals. First ORD provides data needed to
support the Agency's Radon Action Program. Specifically, mitigation and prevention
techniques will be demonstrated and tested in homes around the country, in coordin-
ation with the Agency's House Evaluation Program. Handbooks for homeowners and
technical manuals for builders and contractors will be updated, based on the results
of further testing.
To assist laboratories that measure radionuclide emissions, ORD provides
monitoring and quality assurance support, including inter-laboratory comparison
studies. Under an interagency agreement with the Department of Energy, ORD also
provides support in the form of off-site monitoring around nuclear test sites.
This support includes long-term hydrological monitoring, a human surveillance
investigation program, and maintenance of a radiation data base.
R-4
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RADIATION
BUDGET CURRENT INCREASE (+)
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE ESTIMATE DECREASE (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 vs 1988
Cumulative Outputs
Regulations:
Proposals 10 12 12 12
Promulgations ;... 10 10 10 11 +1
Reproposals 116 7 +1
RepromulgatIons --11 6 +5
Guides:
Proposals.. 333 3
Final 2 3 23 +1
R-5
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Research
and Development
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
RADIATION
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Radi at ion Research R-7
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance R-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology R-ll
R-6
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
$160.1
$160.1
$957.3
$1,524.9
$2,482.2
$1,117.4
$1,524.9
$176.0-
$176.0
$444.2
$800.0
$1,244.2
$620.2
$800.0
$164.3
$164.3
$1,304.6
$1,500.0
$2,804.6
$1,468.9
$1,500.0
$164.3
$164.3
$1,304.6
$1,489.2
$2,793.8
$1,468.9
$1.489.2
$167.9
$167.9
$1,558.3
$2.300.0
$3,858.3
$1,726.2
$2.300.0
$3.6
$3.6
$253.7
$810.8
$1,064.5
$257.3
$810.8
Radiation Research
TOTAL $2,642.3 $1,420.2 $2,968.9 $2,958.1 $4,026.2 $1,068.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
4.0
17.7
4.7
8.0
4.7
15.5
4.7
15.4
4.7
18.0
2.6
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
21.7
12.7
20.2
20.1
22.7
2.6
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1989 VS 1988
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Monitoring Systems S
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
TOTAL HORKYEARS
4.0
18.2
22.2
4.7
8.0
12.7
4.7
15.5
20.2
4.7
15.4
20.1
4.7
18.0
22.7
2.6
2.6
70
oo
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal, State,
and Local Laboratories
1989; ° Annual report for calendar year 1988 on off-site surveillance around the
Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
0 Annual report on laboratory radlonucllde Intercomparfson studies (Moni-
toring)
1988: ° Annual report for calendar year 1987 on off-site surveillance around
the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
0 Annual report on laboratory radlonucllde Intercomparfson studies (Moni-
toring)
1987: ° Annual report for calendar year 1986 on off-site surveillance around the
Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
0 Annual report on laboratory radlonucllde 1ntercompar1son studies (Moni-
toring)
Objective 2; Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to Support the Radon Action
"Plan
1989; ° Report on new house radon reduction techniques (Engineering)
0 Updated guidance to homeowners on radon reduction 1n existing homes
(Engineering)
1988: ° Report on Initial new house radon reduction studies (Engineering)
1987: ° Revised brochure on radon mitigation in the home (Engineering)
Scientific symposium on diagnosing and mitigating radon (Engineering)
Produced brochure on removing radon from household water (Engineering)
o
R-9
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RADIATION
Radiation Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,026,200 supported by 22.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,726,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,300,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $257,300 and $810,800 respectively, with an increase
of 2.6 total workyears. »
Program Description
The goal of the radiation research program is to provide the Office of Radiation
Programs (ORP) and other EPA, Federal, Regional, State and local officials with
scientifically credible data, methods, assessments and mitigative techniques re-
quired to determine and control public exposure to radon and other radioactive
materials in the environment. The following objectives support these goals:
Objective!. Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal,
State, and Local Laboratories.Thisprogramprovides comprehensive radiological
monitoring and surveillance services to meet specific Department of Energy (DOE)
requirements for Its nuclear testing programs, especially at the Nevada Test Site.
This work is conducted under a reimbursable arrangement with DOE. EPA also conducts
a radiochemical analytical quality assurance program which supports Federal , State,
and local laboratories making radioactivity measurements.
Objective 2. Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to Support the Radon
Action Plan.Under this program, ORD conducts research on,demonstrates and eval-
uates techniques to prevent and mitigate exposure to radon gas in homes.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $167,900 supported by 4.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $3,600, which reflects a general enhancement of
inhouse support for the radiation monitoring program.
Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support to Federal, State, and Local
Laboratories. Monitoring support for OOE at the Nevada Test Site and other test
locations will continue. This support consists of a radiation safety monitoring
program, a long-term hydrological monitoring program, a human surveillance investi-
gation program, and maintenance of the radiation data base. Technical expertise
and guidance will be provided to Regional, State, and contractor laboratories for
radiochemical analyses of environmental samples. Inter!aboratory comparison stud-
ies will be conducted to provide data on the precision and accuracy of radio-
activity measurements in milk, drinking water, and air.
1988 Program
In 1988,- the Agency' is allocating a total of $164,300 supported by 4.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. Monitoring support is being provided to the Department of Energy at the
R-10
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Nevada Test Site and other Installations. Quality assurance support 1s being pro-
vided to Regional, State, and contractor laboratories for rad1ochem1cal analyses
of environmental samples.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $160,100 supported by 4.0 total work-
years for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. Annual reports on the laboratory radionucllde 1ntercompar1son studies and the
off-site surveillance program were published. Quality assurance support was pro-
vided.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,858,300 supported by 18.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,558,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,300,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $253,700 and $810,800 respectively, and an additional
2.6 total workyears. The increase in funding will be used to initiate additional
radon mitigation demonstrations and to conduct analyses of the data which will be
gathered at the demonstration sites. The results of this research will enhance the
Agency's ability to confidently recommend mitigation techniques for a variety of
housing structures.
Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to Support the Radon Action Plan. Re-
cent studies have indicated that exposure to Indoor radon gas poses a significant
risk to public health. Based on this high risk and growing national concern, the
"Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research Act of 1986" (SARA Title IV) was passed
authorizing the appropriation of funds to conduct research on radon gas and other
dangerous Indoor pollutants. As a result, EPA 1s substantially enhancing the
radon mitigation research program to provide the public and State and local author-
ities with information on techniques for reducing radon levels 1n a variety of
structures which pose the greatest hazard. In 1989, ORD will update the mitigation
manual for builders to include applications in different locations and information
on the use of innovative techniques. Tests of air cleaners will be expanded,
focusing on proper design and operating conditions. Many additional mitigation
tests will also be initiated in existing houses and in houses under construction
and extensive pre- and postmitigation diagnosis efforts will be undertaken in all
homes to demonstrate and evaluate mitigation techniques.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating*a total of $2,793,800 supported by 15.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,304,600 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,489,200 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
Development and testing of radon gas reduction techniques is being done in existing
and new houses, as well as through laboratory studies. The performance of these
techniques is being demonstrated in several States and regions of the country to
provide cost-effective solutions for the U.S. housing stock. ORD staff provide
technical information to community leaders and participating homeowners at the
demonstration sites and publish/update public information documents in the form
of technical guidance manuals and homeowner brochures on an annual basis.
R-ll
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,482,200 supported by 18.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $957,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,524,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Demonstration projects for existing houses were Initiated. The brochure on home
mitigation was revised and a new brochure on removing radon gas from household water
was produced. A scientific symposium was held on diagnosing radon problems and
developing mitigation techniques.
R-12
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Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
RADIATION
ABATEMENT * CONTROL
Radiation Criteria, Standards « Guidelines . R-14
Radiation Program Implementation R-18
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment R-21
Radon Action Program R-25
Radon Action Program Implementation R-28
R-13
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988.
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Criteria,
Standards 4 Guidelines
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,294.7 $2,997.7 $3,121.4 $3.121.4 $3,152.6 $31.2
$919.4 $1,060.6 $1,060.6 $3,060.6 $1,060.6 -$2,000.0
TOTAL $4,214.1 $4,058.3 $4,182.0 $6,182.0 $4,213.2 -$1,968.8
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$3,294.7 $2,997.7 $3,121.4 $3,121.4 $3.152.6 $31.2
$919.4 $1,060.6 $1,060.6 $3,060.6 $1.060.6 -$2,000.0
Radiation Criteria, TOTAL $4,214.1 $4,058.3 $4,182.0 $6.182.0 $4.213.2 -$1.968.8
Standards 4 Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria.
Standards A Guidelines
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
56.2
56.2
53.5
53.5
53.5
53.5
53.1
53.1
53.1
53.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards A Guidelines
TOTAL WORKYEARS
58.8
58.8
53.5
53.5 .
53.5
53.5
53.1
53.1
53.1
53.1
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RADIATION
Radiation Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines
Budget Request
The Agency, requests a total of $4,213,200 supported by 53.1 total workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $1,968,800 and no change In total workyears from 1988. Of
the request, $3,152,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,060,600 will be for the Abatement. Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $31,200 In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a
decrease of $2,000,000 In the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
EPA develops, promulgates, and implements radiation environmental standards
and guidelines under this subactlvlty. These standards and guidelines protect the
public health and the environment by minimizing risk of radiation exposures from
nuclear energy applications, naturally occurring radioactive materials, medical and
occupational radiation exposures, and electromagnetic radiation.
RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,213,200 supported by 53.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,152,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,060,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an increase of $31,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $2,000,000 in the Abatement. Control and Compliance
appropriation. The increase reflects higher personnel and support costs. The
decrease reflects the completion of analytical work necessary to support revisions
of radionuclide NESHAPSs and high level radioactive waste in accordance with
court orders.
In 1989 EPA will continue to concentrate on three major program areas:
addressing airborne radionuclides, establishing standards for radioactive waste
management, and developing Federal Guidance. The airborne radionuclides effort
will focus on completing the revisions to NESHAPs remanded to the Agency, in
accordance with the schedule established by court order. The standards previously
promulgated will be revised, where required, and the decisions not to regulate will
be reexamined to ensure that appropriate decisions were made. Also, a decision
will be made whether to regulate phosphogypsum piles under the NESHAPs program.
Transfer of NESHAPs. implementation authority to the States will be pursued, and
guidance will be developed for States seeking delegation of authority. Requests for
alternative standards for Department of Energy (DOE) facilities and facilities
licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) will be reviewed, and a national
data base related to the implementation program will be maintained.
In 1989 the program to develop standards for residual radiation levels at
decommissioned nuclear facilities will continue. Criteria for decommissioning
nuclear reactors have been requested by both DOE and NRC. In addition, as part of
the effort to address the problem of radioactive waste disposal, EPA will work
towards promulgation of the final low-level radioactive waste standard and provide
required implementation assistance to the Regions and States. The high-level
waste standard will be reproposed as a result of a court remand.
R-15
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Also In 1989, the Federal guidance for radlofrequency radiation will be
completed and submitted to the President for signature, and working arrangements
will be established with the Federal Communications Commission, the Department of
Defense, and other affected agencies for the Implementation of the guidance.
Technical advice, assistance, and oversight will also be provided. Development of
a Protective Action Guide (PAG) for ingestion pathways will be continued. In
order to ensure the uniform application of the PAGs nationwide 1n emergency situa-
tions, a program will be initiated to convert the PAGs to formal Federal guidance.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $6,182,000 supported by 53.1
total workyears for this program, of which $3,121,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,060,600 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Emphasis is placed on revising the radionucllde NESHAPs in accordance with the
remand of established standards. Modifications are being made, as necessary, to
respond to the Court decision that limits the use of cost factors 1n establishing
required levels. All standards that were previously promulgated are being reviewed
for compliance with the Court order, and source categories that were decided as
not requiring regulation are being reexamlned to determine the propriety of those
decisions. Agreements are being worked out with DOE and NRC setting out responsibil-
ities for implementation of the standards for facilities under their jurisdiction.
The proposed standard for land disposal of low-level radioactive waste,
including natural and accelerator produced materials, are being published. Existing
standards for inactive mill tailings sites under the Uranium Mill Tailings Rad-
iation Control Act are being augmented with the promulgation of standards for
ground water protection at these sites. The residual radioactivity standards
development continues, including work to develop a draft consensus pathway model.
In response to a court decision, the high-level waste standard is being modified as
necessary. Work on final rulemaklng for radiofrequency radiation is continuing.
The Agency will take final action to complete PAGs for plume and relocation in the
event of a nuclear incident. These PAGs are being incorporated in the Manual of
Protective Actions, used in Federal, State, and local emergency preparedness plans
in the event of a domestic or foreign radiation Incident.
1988 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The Increase of $2,000,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation supports revisions of radionucllde NESHAPSs and high level radioactive
waste in accordance with court orders.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated $4,214,100 and 58.8 total workyears for this
program, of which $3,294,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$919,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Forty-one requests for review, acceptance, extensions and exemptions to the
radionuclide NESHAPs standard were completed. The risk assessment study on phos-
phogypsum was completed. The risk assessment will be coupled with a future cost
evaluation study of the control technology before final publication. Guidance
materials were provided to the Regions on NESHAPs implementation, inspection, and
enforcement. The proposed ground-water protection standards for inactive uranium
tailings sites were published. Work continued on the proposed standard for land
disposal of low-level radioactive wastes. Analytical work necessary to develop
R-16
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environmental standards for residual radioactivity at decommissioned nuclear
facilities also continued. Work on final guidance for radiofrequency radiation
continued. The Occupational Exposure Guidance was signed by the President and
published.
R-17
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RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE'+
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Cad1at1on Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses
Radiation Program
Implementation
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL
$322.0
$322.0
$384.8
$384.8
$83.6
$83.6
$344.7
$344.7
$344.7
.$344.7
$348.1
$348.1
$3.4
$3.4
70
!-
00
TOTAL:
Salaries A Expenses
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL
$322.0
$322.0
$468.4
$468.4
$344.7
$344.7
$344.7
$344.7
$348.1
$348.1
$3.4
$3.4
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
5.8
5.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.4
6.4
7.0
7.0
.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Program
Implementation
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
-------
RADIATION
Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $348,100 supported by 7.0 total workyears for
1989, an Increase of $3,400 from 1988. All of the request will be for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This program supports activities of EPA's Regional Offices and includes:
participating in the implementation of standards for airborne radionuclides from
the source categories regulated and participating 1n the review and testing of
State radiological emergency response plans.
Other activities include reviewing environmental Impact statements; providing
the public with technical information; providing direct assistance to State and
local governments with special radiation problems of a short-term nature; and
providing the radiological expertise needed by the Regions to manage radiological
problems associated with the drinking water and hazardous waste programs.
RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $348,100 supported by 7.0 total workyears, all
of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an
increase of $3,400 for this program from 1988. The increase reflects higher
personnel and support costs.
In 1989 Regional Offices will participate fully in all aspects of the
implementation program for sources covered by NESHAPs for airborne radionuclides
from emission sources within their geographic boundaries. The testing and critique
of State emergency response plans will continue to be an important element of
Regional operations, along with review of updated plans. EPA assists States in the
development of radiological emergency response plans and formally reviews these
plans along with other Federal agencies under the coordination of FEMA. Also,
the Regions will remain involved with State agencies and the public in presenting
and interpreting Agency information and guidance regarding radiation problems in
their area.
Regional .Offices will continue to participate in identification and assessment
of hazardous waste sites that are contaminated with radioactivity, and will serve
as coordination points for remedial action programs for sites in their Regions.
This effort supports both the EPA Headquarters hazardous waste programs and the
requests from the States. The Regions will continue to be the primary reviewers of
environmental impact statements for radiation facilities, such as commercial nuclear
power plants, uranium mines and mills, and radioactive waste disposal facilities.
They will also respond to special problems involving actual or potential radiation
releases or exposures.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $344,700 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
R-19
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In 1988 the Regional radiation program 1s continuing to focus on emergency
preparedness and technical assistance to States. Activities Include: the partici-
pation In Regional Assistance Committees; testing and critique of emergency response
plans; and review of updated State and local emergency response plans as required.
Regional offices are reviewing requests for construction permits, modifications to
facilities, and other requirements associated with the airborne radionuclides
NESHAPs. The Regional staff is also providing coordination necessary where the
national program is directly involved in implementation of the radiohuclide NESHAPs
in areas such as waivers, exemptions, and alternate requirements. Regional programs
continue to be involved in the characterization of hazardous waste sites subject
to possible remedial action. This includes staff participation as on-site radia-
tion consultants in addressing problems at sites which are on the Superfund National
Priority List. The Regions are continuing as the primary reviewer of environmental
impact statements for radiation facilities, such as uranium mills and mines, and
radioactive waste disposal facilities.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $322,000 supported by 6.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1987 emergency preparedness and technical assistance to the States and other
EPA Regional programs remained a central focus of the Regional radiation program.
Regional Offices also reviewed requests for construction permits and requests for
exemptions for facilities covered by airborne radionuclide NESHAPs. They continued
to review environmental impact statements for radiation facilities, such as uranium
mills and mines, and radioactive waste disposal sites. They also continued to be
involved with the characterization of hazardous waste sites, and provided technical
assistance and advice to the Superfund program relative to actual or possible
remedial actions.
R-20
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ro
RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 YS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries A Expenses $277.2
TOTAL $277.2
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
Salaries & Expenses $2,847.6 $2,624.4 $2,966.5 $2,966.5 $2,996.2 $29.7
Abatement Control and $420.3 $250.2 $250.2 $250.3 $250.3
Compliance
x, TOTAL $3,267.9 $2,874.6 $3,216.7 $3,216.8 $3,246.5 $29.7
TOTAL:
Salaries « Expenses $2,847.6 $2,624.4 $2,966.5 $2,966.5 $2,996.2 $29.7
Abatement Control and $420.3 $250.2 $250.2 $250.3 $250.3
Compliance
Radiation TOTAL $3,267.9 $3,151.8 $3,216.7 $3,216.8 $3,246.5 $29.7
Environmental Impact
Assessment
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Environmental 42.3 48.5 48.5 48.1 48.1
Impact Assessment
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 42.3 48.5 48.5 48.1 48.1
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Environmental
Impact Assessment
TOTAL WORKYEARS
47.8
47.8
48.5
48.5
48.5
48.5
48.1
48.1
48.1
48.1
ro
ro
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RADIATION
Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,246,500, supported by 48.1 total work years
for 1989, an Increase of $29,700 from 1988. Of the request, $2,996,200 will be for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $250,300 will be for the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $29,700 and no change in
total workyears from 1988.
Program Description
Activities 1n this program provide the information necessary to identify and
analyze radiological problems having potential public health Impacts. This includes
support of the development of standards and guidelines, as well as monitoring of
environmental radiation, conduct of laboratory analysis and technology assessments,
and maintenance of an emergency preparedness capability.
RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,246,500 supported by 48.1 total workyears,
of which $2,996,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$250,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $29,700 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and
no change in the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation and no change in
total workyears. The increase reflects higher personnel and support costs.
In 1989 EPA will continue to support development of standards under the
Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and other legislative authorities. This
will include support to the development and implementation of NESHAPs for airborne
radionuclides, and may include the collection and analysis of air samples from
facilities to verify compliance with existing standards. Field data collection
from the Idaho survey will be completed, and analysis of data will facilitate a
decision on what additional steps should be taken. EPA will continue to maintain
emergency response capabilities at two field locations, and will also participate
in field exe.rcises scheduled by FENA. In addition, EPA will extend training for
nuclear accident responses to the radiation staff beyond the core group who normally
participate in tests and exercises of the existing Federal emergency response plans.
The 268 stations of the ERAMS which collect and analyze samples of air, precipita-
tion, and milk to determine ambient radiation levels will continue full operation.
The quality assurance program will be operated to ensure accuracy of all laboratory
measurements and data analyses conducted, either in-house or through program con-
tracts. In addition, limited support to States, other Federal agencies, and other
parts of EPA will continue in the form of radiochemical analyses, technical
assistance, and participation in the Conference of Radiation Control Program
Di rectors.
Reports of radiation levels in naval harbors surveyed at the request of the
Navy will be made available. Attention will be focused on assisting other Federal
agencies affected by Federal guidance for radiofrequency radiation to develop a
capability to incorporate and implement the guidance in their specific activities.
R-23
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1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,216,800 supported by 48.1
total workyears for this program, of which $2,966,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $250,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 EPA is continuing laboratory and technical support to regulation and
guidance development. This includes field studies and analyses needed to make a
decision on whether to regulate airborne radionuclides from phosphogypsum piles,
and a risk assessment of the areas surrounding Pocatello and Soda Springs, Idaho.
Collection of environmental information related to the proposal of regulations for
residual radioactivity at decommissioned nuclear facilities is also continuing.
Environmental assessments in harbors servicing nuclear-powered vessels are being
provided, in accordance with an Interagency Agreement with the Navy. A similar
arrangement with the Federal Communications Commission provides for measurement
of radi.ofrequency levels in specific locations of Interest or concern.
Other activities in 1988 Include: maintenance of an emergency response
capability, coordination of EPA Regional Office review and testing of State
emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA offices and to State radiological
programs, and operation of ERAMS. Responsibility for monitoring of radiation
levels in the Three Nile Island area 1s being transferred to the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania in anticipation of completion of the removal of the reactor core.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $3,267,900 supported by 47.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,847,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $420,300 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation-.
In 1987 EPA continued laboratory and technical support of regulation and
guidance development. Program activities also included the maintenance of an
emergency response capability, participation in a full field exercise of the
Federal Radiation Emergency Response Plan at the Zion nuclear reactor, coordination
of EPA Regional Office review and testing of State emergency response plans, assis-
tance to other EPA offices and to State radiological programs, and operation of
ERAMS. Ocean disposal monitoring activities continued for the development of
technical criteria in support of the Agency's ocean disposal regulation, which will
cover low level radioactive waste.
R-24
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Radiation
Radon Action Program
ro
in
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 YS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement & Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radon Action Program TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$1,790.
$2,670.
$4,460.
$1,790.
$2,670.
$4,460.
27.9
27.9
31.0
31.0
1 $1.677.7
6 $2,499.8
7 $4,177.5
1 $1,677.7
1 $2,499.8
7 $4.177.5
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
$2,246.5
$4 499.8
$6,746.3
$2,246.5
$4,499.8
$6,746.3
38.5
38.5
38.5
38.5
$2,246.5
$4,799.7
$7,046.2
$2.246.5
$4.799.7
$7,046.2
38.3
38.3
38.3
38.3
$2,199.6
$5,999.7
$8,119.3
$2,119.6
$5,999.7
$8,119.3
35.3
35.3
35.3
35.3
-$126.9
$1,200.0
$1,073.1
-$126.9
$1,200.0
$1,073.1
-3.0
-3.0
-3.0
-3.0
-------
RADIATION
Radon Action Program
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,119,300 supported by 35.3 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,073,100 and a decrease of 3.0 total workyears from
1988. Of the request, $2,119,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $5,999,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
This program supports Headquarters activities to ensure an effective and
nationally consistent effort to develop and implement a comprehensive Radon Action
Program to address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure. This program
also addresses the mandates of SARA, which require a program to assess the
significance of the radon problem in more detail, analyze the health risks, provide
assistance to States, develop measurement and mitigation techniques, and issue
technical guidance and information to the public. The program is coordinated with
the radon activities of DOE, and emphasizes development of State and local agency
capabilities and full participation by the private sector.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
. .The Agency requests a total of $8,119,300 supported by 35.3 total workyears
for this program, of which $2,119,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,999,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $126,900 in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation, an increase of $1,200,000 in the Abatement, Control
and Compliance appropriation, and a decrease of 3.0 total workyears. The decrease
reflects a shift in emphasis to Regional implementation efforts. The increase
provides for the development of a radon information clearinghouse and a mitigation
contractor proficiency program.
In 1989 EPA will continue to conduct a comprehensive Radon Action Program to
address and reduce the health impacts of radon exposure. Specific activities will
include the continuation of the field operation and data collection phase of the
national survey of radon in residences and design and pre-test of a survey to
measure radon levels in schools, as required by SARA. Individual States will be
assisted in the design and conduct of State-wide surveys, including the collection
of screening measurements in homes, and presentation of analyses of potential radon
areas to the public. The House Evaluation Program will be continued, and EPA will
seek to work with other Federal agencies to ensure that residences provided to their
employees do not have elevated radon levels. The Radon Measurement Proficiency
Program will continue to evaluate the capability of firms to accurately measure radon
levels. Information about the proficiency of individual firms will be made available
to the public through appropriate means.
Also in 1989, a radon information clearinghouse will be initiated to collect,
assimilate, and disseminate information on radon, including the latest measurement,
mitigation, and prevention techniques. A mitigation contractor proficiency program
will be devised to provide information to the public on the capability of firms
working in the radon mitigation field.
R-26
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1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency 1s allocating a total of $7,046,200 supported by 38.3 total
workyears for this program, of .which $2,246,500 Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,799,700 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988 EPA Is continuing to Implement a comprehensive Radon Action Program,
with emphasis on the promotion of self-sufficient State programs to reduce Indoor
radon levels. Specific activities Include: beginning the field work associated
with the national survey of radon levels In homes; providing measurement protocols
needed to carry out a national survey of radon in schools; assisting seven States in
designing and conducting more intensive State-wide surveys; developing standardized
protocols for soil gas measurements; incorporating new technology into the House
Evaluation Program; distributing an interim guide and technical guidance on radon
reduction in new construction; and evaluating and designing mitigation schemes for
80 homes in the House Evaluation Program. The Agency will also update the Radon
Diagnostician and Mitigation Training Course and conduct seven sessions of the
updated course.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,281,900 supported by 31 workyears,
of which $1,611,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $2,670,600
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
EPA continued implementation of the Radon Action Program in 1987. Activities
included the development of a survey design for State-wide surveys of highrrisk
areas. Ten States completed surveys with EPA assistance. The program also completed
a. design for a national survey of radon in residences. The House Evaluation Program
was established to assist States in evaluating causes of and mitigation approaches
for elevated indoor radon levels. The Radon Measurement Proficiency program was
continued, and completed two more rounds of evaluations. Eight three-day radon
diagnostician and mitigation training courses were conducted. A new brochure,
"Radon Reduction in New Construction: An Interim Guide," was produced in
partnership with the National Association of Home Builders.
R-27
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Radiation
Radon Action Program Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE ' +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Implementation
Salaries & Expenses $506.2 $770.5 $690.3 $690.3 $846.6 $156.3
TOTAL $506.2 $770.5 $690.3 $690.3 $846.6 $156.3
TOTAL:
? Salaries & Expenses $506.2 $770.5 $690.3 $690.3 $846.6 . $156.3
00
Radon Action Program TOTAL $506.2 $770.5 $690.3 $690.3 $846.6 $156.3
Implementation
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Radon Action Program 9.0 14.0 14.0 12.7 17.0 4.3
Implementation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 9.0 14.0 14.0 12.7 17.0 4.3
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program 10.7 14.0 14.0 14.0 17.0 3.0
Implementation
TOTAL HORKYEARS 10.7 14.0 14.0 14.0 17.0 3.0
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RADIATION
Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $846,600 supported by 17.0 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $156,300 and 3.0 total workyears from 1988. All of the
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This program is the Regional component of EPA's national Radon Action Program,
which addresses indoor radon exposure. Activities support implementation of the
national program and include working directly with State and local agencies to
assist them to develop self-sufficient radon programs. This involves providing
technical assistance to State personnel in developing expertise in measurement,
diagnostic evaluation, and mitigation, as well as disseminating information and
guidance on radon to the public and local agencies.
RADON ACTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $846,600 supported by 17.0 total workyears for
this program, an increase of $156,300 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
and 3.0 total workyears from 1988. The increase provides additional emphasis to
implementation of the Radon Action Program by working directly with States.
In 1989 the Regional Offices will continue to implement the Radon Action
Program by assisting and coordinating radon activities in their respective areas,
including State Surveys and the House Evaluation Program. An additional six to
eight States will be assisted in the design and conduct of State-wide radon surveys.
In addition, screening measurements will be collected in 15,000 to 20,000 homes,
and information on the analyses of potential radon areas will be provided to the
public. The Regions will provide direct assistance to the States in design of the
surveys and will assist in the process of making the results available to the
public. The Regions will also continue participation in the House Evaluation
Program, with an assessment of approximately 80 houses in 10 States. The Regions
will make arrangements for five presentations of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation
Training Course at selected locations, and will assist the States in their efforts
to conduct the course independently.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $690,300 supported by 14.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1988 Regional Offices are continuing to assist and coordinate activities
to support the implementation of the radon program by providing direct support to
the States in development of State capabilities. This includes assistance in
developing State survey designs and review of State plans for participation in the
national assessment of the radon problem, assistance in the development of State
radon monitoring capabilities, participation in the House Evaluation Program, and
technical advice and assistance. Regional Offices are also participating in the
presentation of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course. Support to
R-29
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States Is being provided as needed to deal with the most critical radon problems as
they are discovered. The Regions are also continuing to act as distribution points
for public information materials and are involved in radon public awareness
activities,
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $506,200 supported by 10.7 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Regional Offices supported the Radon Action Program by providing
technical assistance to States in their efforts to develop programs to address
exposure to indoor radon. Regional efforts included the gathering and dissemination
of information materials to the public and local agencies as part of a continuing
radon educational program.
R-30
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY 1-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Intermedia Programs.. 1-7
Sc1 ent 1 f 1 c Asses sment 1-13
Technical Information and Liaison...., 1-13
Quality Assurance Management 1-14
Exploratory Research Core Program 1-15
Reduction of Uncertainties 1n Risk Assessment (RURA) 1-16
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 1-19
Interdisciplinary Training Grants.. .' 1-23
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy 4 Technical Support 1-26
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement * Compliance Monitoring 1-29
Enforcement Policy & Operations....i 1-30
Criminal Investigations Program 1-32
1-1
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APPROPRIATION
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries 4 Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research & Development
Scientific Activities
Overseas
TOTAL, Interdisciplinary
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$28,700.8 $31,219.7 $30,769.2 $30,769.2 $31.548.4 $779.2
$6,325.6 $7.349.4 $8,421.6 $9,502.7 $9,672.0 $169.3
$21,159.9 $18,207.5 $21,508.5 $21,396.1 $28,605.0 $7,208.9
$1.5
$56.187.8 $56.776.6 $60,699.3 $61,668.0 $69.825.4 $8,157.4
553.7 556.7 573.6 587.8 585.7 -2.1
583.5 602.2 623.5 623.5 623.5
$61.122.5 $61,209.7 $60.288.2 $61,250.3 $61.890.5 $640.2
All authorization except Research and Development, 1s by virtue of the
Appropriation Act. The Environmental Research, Development and Demonstration
Act expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Env1ronmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Interdisciplinary Program 1s
composed of several activities that cut across programs and are not media specific.
These activities address environmental concerns that affect several media and
require an interdisciplinary approach. The Interdisciplinary Program Includes the
Intermedia Research Program within the Research and Development function, the
Federal Agencies Compliance Program and the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) Compliance Program within the Abatement and Control function, and the legal
aspects of the Agency's enforcement efforts.
The Intermedia Research Program consists of five major activities: scientific
assessments, technical information and liaison (Including regulatory support and
technology transfer), exploratory research, quality assurance management and an
integrated program to reduce uncertainties 1n risk assessment. The Scientific
Assessment Program has responsibility for developing uniform risk assessment
guidelines for Agency-wide application, assuring consistency of approach to guide-
lines, and coordinating with other agencies through the Risk Assessment Forum. The
Technical Information and Liaison Program provides for production and transfer of
technical and scientific Information products from the Office of Research and
Development (ORD) with an emphasis on communicating cost-effective methods for
complying with EPA's regulations. The Regulatory Support program continues to
ensure that Agency regulation development 1s consistent with current technical and
scientific research findings. The Exploratory Research Program provides long
range exploratory research, conducted primarily through grants and academic research
centers, including the Visiting Scientist Program. The Quality Assurance Program
provides centralized guidance and management for Agency-wide Quality Assurance
activities, and performs audits to assess the effectiveness of the Agency's Quality
Assurance efforts. The integrated program to reduce uncertainties in risk assess-
ment includes the key projects 1n exposure model development and exposure-response
model development for estimating adverse effects on humans and ecosystems
attributable to environmental pollution.
The Environmental Review and Coordination Program accomplishes statutory
objectives under the authority of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA);
Section 309 of the Clean Air Act; and Executive Order 12088 - Federal Compliance
with Pollution Control Standards; and includes four program activities as well as
support for Regional interdisciplinary projects and EPA technology transfer activi-
ties. The NEPA Compliance program assures EPA's actions comply with the intent of
NEPA. This includes reviews that are the functional equivalent for those Agency
programs that are not specifically covered by NEPA. The Federal Facilities Compli-
ance program oversees Federal compliance with all Federal statutory environmental
requirements, and specifically with Executive Order 12088. The Environmental
Review program ensures that Federal agencies carry out their activities in an
environmentally sound manner pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and
Section 309 of the Clean Air Act. The Indians program develops and implements
policies for dealing with Indian tribes on environmental problems. Regional
interdisciplinary projects enable rapid response to unique intermedia environmental
problems. EPA's technology transfer activities are intended to improve efficiency
and performance in environmental programs through technology transfer and
information exchange.
Enforcement Policy and Operations provides consistent direction to EPA
enforcement for all non-Superfund media to assure the most effective possible
stewardship of EPA's enforcement responsibilities as they contribute to the protec-
tion of environmental quality. To accomplish this goal, it establishes compliance
1-3
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monitoring and enforcement priorities, policies, and procedural guidelines so that
enforcement actions are properly selected and prepared; establishes measures to
ensure policies and procedures are correctly Implemented by the media enforcement
programs and Regional offices. It conducts all legal case development, litigation,
and adjudicatory hearing activities for media enforcement programs. These acti-
vities include oversight of evidence gathering, preparation and management of
cases, and referral of cases to the Department of Justice for litigation.
In addition, this program contains the Agency's criminal investigation efforts
which entail investigation, preparation, and referral of cases Involving criminal
violations of environmental statutues. Investigators and attorneys provide support
to the Department of Justice during subsequent investigations and prosecution of
these cases.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides specialized
technical expertise in support of EPA enforcement case preparation activities.
NEIC serves as a point of coordination and support for complex investigations,
which have a national impact on environmental enforcement. In 1989, the NEIC will
emphasize the support and resolution of ongoing cases in order to maximize environ-
mental benefits by Improving compliance with environmental statutes.
1-4
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
1988* 1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
Enforcement Actions
Administrative Orders
EPA
States
New Judicial Referrals
EPA
Civil
Criminal
State
Civil
Judicial Cases, Ongoing
Civil Cases Start of Year ....
Civil Cases Concluded
Active Consent Decrees
3053
3183
222
41
723
596
191
344
65
119
66
Criminal Investigations, New ...
Investigations Start of Year..
Defendants Criminally Charged
Contractor Listing: ;...
Deli stings and Discretionary
Listings
Permit Support
RCRA 105
NPDES 434
UIC 582
Penalties Assessed
Administrative & Civil ... $24,300,000
Criminal $3,600,000
2619
283
47
**
171
83
457
433
505
**
**
3070
*
268
50
627
153
85
*
31
170
329
490
*
*
2869
*
248
55
742
128
90
*
40
149
410
490
*
*
-201
-20
+5
+115
-25
+5
*
-21
1
0
*
*
* Future Year Projections are not made for this data element.
** New item fiscal year 1989 budget.
1-5
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Research
and Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Intenmedia Programs .. T-7
Sclent1f1c Asses sment 1-13
Technical Information and Liaison 1-13
Quality Assurance Management 1-14
Exploratory Research Core Program 1-15
Reduction of Uncertainties 1n Risk Assessment (RURA) 1-16
.1-6
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Interdisciplinary
Salaries & Expenses
Research ft Development
TOTAL
Technical Information *
Liaison
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Quality Assurance
Management
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
Exploratory Research
Core Program -
Interdisciplinary
Salaries A Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Reduction of Uncertainties
In Risk Assessment
Research A Development
TOTAL
$1,190.1
$912.4
$2,102.5
$1,321.2
$934.0
*2,255.2
$1,318.2
$1,054.0
$2,372.2
$1,318.2
$1,054.0
$2,372.2
$1,347.1
$898.3
$2,245.4
$28.9
-U55.7
-$126.8
$2,417.3 $2,222.1 $2,406.1 $2,406.1 $2,781.5 $375.4
$840.8 $699.3 $980.3 $980.3 $1,380.3 $400.0
TOTAL $3,258.1 $2,921.4 $3,386.4 $3,386.4 $4,161.8 $775.4
$775.4 $891.5 $832.2 $832.2 $850.4 $18.2
51,070.0 $890.8 $890.8 $890.8 $855.4 -$35.4
|1.845.4 $1,782.3. $1,723.0 $1,723.0 $1,705.8 -$17.2
$875.6 $593.7 $1,007.5 $1,007.5 $563.2 -$444.3
$18,336.7 $15,683.4 $15,583.4 $15,471.0 $15,471.0
$19,212.3 $16;277.1 $16,590.9 $16,478.5 $16,034.2 -$444.3
$3,000.0 $3,000.0 $10,000.0 $7,000.0
$3,000.0 $3,000.0 $10,000.0 $7,000.0
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL BUPGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses $5,258.4 $5,028.5 $5,564.0 $5,564.0 $5,542.2 -$21.8
Research & Development $21,159.9 $18,207.5 $21.508.5 $21,396.1 $28,605.0 $7,208.9
Intermedia Programs TOTAL $26,418.3 $23,236.0 $27,072.5 $26,960.1 $34,147.2 $7,187.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment 19.6 23.1 23.1 24.1 24.1
Interdisciplinary
Technical Information ft 33.0 33.8 33.8 38.1 43.1 5.0
Liaison
Quality Assurance 10.9 14.6 14.6 14.5 14.5
Management
Exploratory Research. 16.2 9.3 9.3 17.0 9.3 -7J
Y Core Program -
oo Interdisciplinary
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 79.7 80.8 80.8 93.7 91.0 -2.7
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment 21.3 23.1 23.1 24.1 24.1
Interdisciplinary
Technical Information ft 36.0 33.8 33.8 38.1 43.1 5.0
Liaison
Quality Assurance 11.4 14.6 14.6 14.5 14.5
Management
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Indermedla Programs
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REflllEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 19R8 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Exploratory Research
Core Program -
Interdisciplinary
16.2
9.3
9.3
17.0
9.3
-7.7
TOTAL WORK YEARS
84.9
80.8
80.8
93.7
91.0
-2.7
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Assure Uniform Risk Assessment
1989: o Guidelines for making and using exposure measurements; assessment of risk
in the male and female reproductive system; and assessment of systematic
toxicant effects (Scientific Assessments)
o Risk Assessment Forum analyses of specific risk assessment issues (Scien-
tific Assessment)
o Update of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (Scientific
Assessment)
1988: o Proposed guidelines for assessment of risks to male and female reproduc-
tive system, and non cancer health effects; continued development of
guidelines on ecological risk assessment (Scientific Assessment)
o Expanded the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (Scientific Assess-
ment)
1987: o Completed staff work on guidance for male and female reproductive risk
assessment (Scientific Assessment)
o The Risk Assessment Forum completed analyses and reports on two major
issues - procedures for estimating risk associated with exposures to
mixtures of chlorinated Dibenzo-p Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (Scientific
Assessment)
o Initiated pilot operation of the Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS) in EPA regions (Scientific Assessment)
Objective 3; Technology Transfer
1989: o Handbook on management of non-point sources of pollution (Technical Infor-
mation)
o Handbook to identify the costs and the relative efficiencies of best
management practices for reducing sources of pollution in rural areas
(Technical Information)
o Handbook on hazardous toxic air pollutants from municipal and patholo-
gical hospital incinerators (Technical Information)
1988; o Workshops on emerging technologies for upgrading existing or designing
new drinking water treatment facilities. (Technical Information)
o Seminars on solvent waste reduction alternatives (Technical Information)
1987: o Handbook on control technologies for hazardous air pollutants (Technical
Information)
o Handbook on accessing and protecting the quality of groundwater resources
(Technical Information)
Objective 4: Regulatory Support
1989: o Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory
development process (Technical Information)
1988: o Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory develop-
ment process (Technical Information)
1-10
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1987; o Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory devel-
opment process (Technical Information)
Objective 5; Manage the Agency Mandatory Quality Assurance Program
1989; o Continuation of management systems reviews (QA Management)
o Review of updated quality assurance program plans (QA Management)
o Review of data quality objectives (QA Management)
1988; o Revision of guidance on data quality objectives (QA Management)
o Continuation of audit program for data quality (QA Management)
o Continuation of management systems reviews (QA Management)
1987; o Implementation of "audit program for data quality (QA Management)
o Policy guidance for developing data quality objectives (QA Management)
o Reviews for quality assurance program plans (QA Management)
Objective 6; Manage/Implement the Exploratory Grants and Centers Program
1989; o Solicitation of 1990 research grants proposals (Exploratory Research)
o Annual reports on Q-ants and Centers Programs (Exploratory Research)
o Bibliography of research grant published articles (Exploratory Research)
1988; o Solicitation of 1989 research grants proposals (Exploratory Research)
o Annual reports on Grants and Centers Programs (Exploratory Research)
1987: o Awarded 40 new research grants (Exploratory Research)
o Publication of 99 technical articles In refereed journals (Exploratory
. Research) : .
Objective 7; Manage/Implement the Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program
1989; o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1990 Visiting
Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)
1988: o Solicitation and selection of scientists and engineers for 1989 Visiting
Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)
1987: o Selection of 5 new scientists or engineers for the Program (Exploratory
Research)
Objective 9; Reduction of Uncertainties In Risk Assessments (RURA)
1989; o Conduct health risk assessments through measurement of human exposure
and improve assessment models (Scientific Assessment)
o Initiate research in the areas of human exposure assessment and charac-
terization of uncertainties in health risk assessment (Scientific Assess-
ment)
o Initiate an integrated research program for improving ecological risk
assessment. (Scientific Assessment)
1988; o Development of an integrated approach to evaluate/characterize the uncer-
tainties in risk assessments (Scientific Assessment)
o Initiate an integrated research program to improve health risk assess-
ments. (Scientific Assessment)
o Develop an expanded project plans for reduction of uncertainties in health
risk assessment (Scientific Assessment)
1-11
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Intermedia Programs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $34,147,200 supported by 91.0 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $7,187,100 and a decrease of 2.7 total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $5,542,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$28,605,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease of
$21,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and an increase of $7,208,900
in the Research and Development appropriation.
Program Description
The Intermedia budget subactivity consists of those ORD programs which cross
all media. These are Uniform Risk Assessment, Technical Information and Liaison,
Quality Assurance Management, Exploratory Research and Reduction of Uncertainties
in Risk Assessment.
Objective 1; Assure Uniform Risk Assessment. This activity provides Agency-
wide guidancetoperformexposure andrisk assessments. These guidelines are
intended to ensure uniform assessments that rely on sound scientific principles and
information.
Objective 2: Technical Information Product Management. This program manages
the development of ORD'sscientific and technicalinformation products to ensure
they are efficiently planned, controlled, distributed and produced with a high
quality. . .
.Objective 3; Technology Transfer. These activities support the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act (P.L. 96-480) and the Technology Transfer Act of
1986 by providing States and localities with the technology and scientific data
needed to meet their regulatory responsibilities.
Objective 4; Regulatory Support. This activity coordinates available scien-
tific data with proposed regulations in order to ensure that all regulatory deci-
sions are based on the most current technical information.
Objective 5: Manage the Agency Mandatory Quality Assurance Program. This
program providespolicy direction, management guidanceand"oversightFor the
Agency's quality assurance program.
Objective 6; Manage/Implement Exploratory Grants and Centers Program. The
grants program funds individual investigator-initiated research in areas of concern
to the Agency through an open, competitive, peer-reviewed evaluation process. The
long-term exploratory research centers will focus on multi-disciplinary research in
eight topic areas.
Objective 7: Manage/Implement Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program.
This objective develops and implements programs to strengthen and enhance the
quality of the Agency's research programs through the exchange of scientists and
the granting of awards for scientific-achievement. The major activity is the
senior Visiting Scientists program, which enables accomplished scientists to con-
duct research at ORD laboratories.
Objective 8: Manage/Implement the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)
Program.This program supports implementation of the SmallBusiness Innovation
Development Act (P.L. 97-219), which requires the Agency to award 1.25 percent of
its extramural research budget to small business concerns which conduct innovative
research.
1-12
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Objective 9; Reduction of Uncertainties In Risk Assessments (RURA). This
program supports an Integrated effort to reduce uncertainties In risk assessments.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,245,400 supported by 24.1 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,347,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $898,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $28,900 and a decrease of $155,700 respectively, and no
change -in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for the scientific assessment
program. The decrease reflects completion of several risk assessment guidelines.
Assure Uniform Risk Assessment. In 1989 this program will provide guidance
on risk assessments through development of guidelines and support documents and
offer training to implement the guidelines. In addition, the Risk Assessment
Forum activities will develop Agency-wide concensus on risk assessment issues and
ensure incorporation into appropriate guidance. The program will also support
the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,372,200 supported by 24.1
total workyears for this program, of which $1,318,200 Is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,054,000 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The program will provide guidance on risk assessment through development
of guidelines and support documents, as well as provide support to the Risk Assess-
ment Forum and the Integrated Risk Information System. The program will also
conduct risk assessments research on biostatisties and pharmacokinetics.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,102,500 supported by 21.3 total
workyears, of which $1,190,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$912,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, five risk assessment guidelines were published, training materials
were prepared and guideline training sessions were held. The Risk Assessment Forum
produced risk assessment reports and the pilot operation of IRIS in the Regions
was initiated and a research program to reduce uncertainties 1n risk assessment
was planned.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,161,800 supported by 43.1 total workyears,
of which $2,781,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,380,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
an increase of $375,400 and $400,000 respectively, and an increase of 5.0 total
workyears. This increase represents an expansion of the technology transfer and
regional liaison efforts to enhance scientific and technical knowledge on "environ-
mental protection within the public and private sectors as mandated by the Stevenson
Wydler Act and the Technology Transfer Act of 1986.
1-13
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Technical Information Product Management. In 1989, the Center for Environmen-
tal Research Information (CERI) will track, process, and distribute all ORD reports,
develop special reports as needed and produce all ORD project summaries and review
them for policy Implications. Activities will Include processing reports and
journal articles to the National Technical Information Service (MTIS), reviewing
and controlling the quality of project summaries, and printing and distributing
ORD information products. In 1989, CERI estimates it will receive 1,400 reports
for processing to NTIS.
Technology Transfer. ORD disseminates technical data 1n response to requests
from the EPA program offices, the EPA regional offices, States, and private indus-
try. These activities will be carried out in support of the Stevenson-Wydler Tech-
nology Innovation Act. Activities will Include the design, production, quality
control, and distribution of materials such as design manuals, users' guides,
handbooks and workshops and a program to increase utilization of computer assisted
information exchange.
Regulatory Support. In 1989, the program will coordinate the available sclen-
tific data with proposed regulations. This will ensure that all regulatory deci-
sions are based on the most current technical information. Responsibilities include
participation In Agency regulatory workgroups, review of option/ selection packages,
and analysis of regulatory requirements.
Regional Scientists Liaison. This program will be expanded 1n 1989 to permit
full implementation of the Regional Scientists Program. The program will provide
an ORD scientist as a liaison officer on station in each Regional Office to enhance
regional access to ORD Information and staff.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 4s allocating a total of $3,386,400 supported by 38.1
total workyears for this program, of which $2,406,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $980,300 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. CERI activities in 1988 include tracking, processing and distributing
all ORD reports, developing special reports as needed; and producing ORD summaries.
Technology transfer activities support the production of technology transfer tools
for the Program Offices and the Regions. Regulatory support activities include
ensuring technically sound development of Agency regulations. The Regional Scien-
tists Program will be expanded to 5 regions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,258,100 supported by 36.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,417,300 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $840,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments in 1987 included processing of over 1,300 documents to NTIS.
Approximately 400 project summaries were produced and distributed and over 30,000
requests for publications were answered.
QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,705,800 supported by 14.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $850,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $855,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $18,200 and a decrease of $35,400, respectively, and
no change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for the quality assurance
1-14
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program. The decrease 1n the Research and Development appropriation reflects
completion of major efforts related to quality assurance program plans production
and review.
Manage the Agency Mandatory Quality Assurance Program. In 1989, Program
pH
Offices, Regionaloffices and ORD laboratories willImplement quality assurance
procedures consistent with Agency policy to ensure that data generated by EPA are
reliable, valid and accurate. This program Includes ongoing review of QA Program
Plans, revision of guidance on Data Quality Objectives; support for development
of Data Quality Objectives; continuation of Management Systems Audits; Imple-
mentation of alternative laboratory quality control procedures, and continuation
of a program to audit data quality.
1988 Program .
In 1988, the Agency Is allocating a total of $1,723,000 supported by 14.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $832,200 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $890,800 1s from the Research and Development appropriation.
Quality assurance activities 1n 1988 Involve the Implementation and evaluation of
programs to support the development of Agency data of known and acceptable quality.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,845,400 supported by 11.4 'total
workyears for this program, of which $775,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,070,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
Accomplishments In 1987 included the review of Quality Assurance Program Plans,
development of guidance on Data Quality Objectives, performance of Management
Systems Audits, development of alternative procedures for measurement methods
validation and laboratory quality control techniques and quality assurance training.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,034,200 supported by 9.3 total workyears
for this program. Of this total, $563,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $15,471,000 will be for the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $444,300 in Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and a decrease of 7.7 total workyears. There is no change In the Research and
Development appropriation. The decrease in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
is the result of efficiencies 1n administering the Grants and Centers program
and the transfer of personnel to the Regional Scientists Program.
Manage/Implement Exploratory Research Grants and Centers Program. The Agency
requests a totalof $8,271,000 in extramuralfundsfor the Exploratory Research
Grants program. This program will award 45 new grants and continue support for 30
grants. Applications from Individual researchers will be received, peer reviewed
and analyzed for relevance to EPA's mission and priorities. The program will
emphasize: continued improvement in quality of research; coordination with the
Agency's research planning process; dissemination of results from completed grants;
and coordination with other Federal agencies. Seminars and workshops featuring
the completed work of grantees will continue in Agency laboratories and at other
locations around the country.
The Agency requests a total of $4,500,000 of extramural funds ($560,000 per
center) for the Centers program to support studies of high priority to the Agency
1-15
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such as groundwater and hazardous waste control technologies. Management attention
1n the eight operating centers will focus on new trends and discoveries coming from
ongoing research studies. The eight university centers and their research themes
are as follows: Louisiana State University-Hazardous Waste Research; Cornell
University-Ecosystems Research; Illinois Institute of Technology-Industrial Waste
Elimination Research; University of California (Los Angeles)-Intermed1a Transport
Research; University of Rhode Island-Marine Sciences Research; University of
Pittsburgh-Environmental Epidemiology; University of Illinois (Urbana)-Advanced
Environmental Control Technology Research; and Rice, University of Oklahoma, Okla-
homa State Un1vers1ty-Groundwater Research. An annual report will summarize the
activities and accomplishments of the centers. Symposia, workshops and publi-
cations In referred journals ensure that Information learned from center studies
1s shared.
Manage/Implement Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program. This program
will enable distinguished scientists and engineers to work in ORD laboratories.
Eminent scientists and engineers will collaborate with their counterparts In ORD
laboratories on relevant areas of research.
Manage/Implement the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program.
The Agency requests a total of $2,500,000 (1.25 percent of the extramural research
budget) for ttie SBIR program to provide 36 awards 1n 1989 to small business conduct-
Ing Innovative research.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency Is allocating a total of $16,478,500 supported by 17.0
total workyears for this program, of which $1,007,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $15,471,000 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. Of the total extramural request, this program will provide $8,152,400
for Exploratory Research Grants, $4,260,000 for the research centers, and $2,318,600
for the SBIR program. In 1988, the Exploratory Research Grants program will review
300 grant proposals, award 3 new grants and continue support for 72 grants. The
program will also manage the academic research centers to support the Agency's
long-term research needs. , The Visiting Scientists Program is enabling outside
scientists and engineers to conduct research in ORD laboratories. The SBIR program
will make 36 awards to small business.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the. Agency obligated a total of $19,212,300 supported by 16.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $875,600 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $18,336,700 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, the Exploratory Research program reviewed 375 grant proposals, awarded 40
new grants and continued support for 97 grants. The Visiting Scientists Program
sponsored the work of 15 researchers in ORD laboratories to strengthen EPA's scien-
tific basis for regulatory decision making.
REDUCTION OF UNCERTAINTIES IN RISK ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,000,000 for this program. Of this total,
$10,000,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
an increase of $7,000,000 in the Research and Development appropriation. The
increase represents an orderly expansion of the program to the level envisioned by
the appropriation committee in the 1988 enactment and will include expansion of
the human health risk efforts initiated in 1988 and initiation of an integrated
program for reduction of uncertainties in ecological risk assessment.
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Human Health Risk Assessment. Research will be directed to develop improved
methods for measurement and estimation of exposure and dose and to develop improved
exposure-response models. In the case of human health exposure-response model
development, emphasis will be on biologically based dose-response model and improved
approaches to link exposure, dose and adverse effect.
Ecological Risk Assessment. The emphasis will be placed on three areas of
uncertainty.First, the program will address the uncertainty of how ecosystems
function. Research will be directed towards measuring the current state of
ecosystems, determining the nature, rate and direction of change and estimating
the system vulnerability. Second, the program will conduct research to identify and
measure ecological endpoints and interpret evaluations of functional change.
Third, research will be performed to assess hazards associated with ecosystem
stress.
1988 Program
The Agency is allocating $3,000,000 from the Research and Development appro-
priation to develop a comprehensive program for reducing uncertainties in human
health risk assessment. Activities will implement the integrated plan developed to
reduce the gaps in the data base and improve the reliability of models required to
estimate the adverse health effects of environmental pollution.
1-17
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Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Environmental Review and Coordination 1-19
Interdisciplinary Training Grants 1-23
1-18
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Environmental Review and Coordination
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Environmental Review
and Coordination
Salaries * Expenses $4,540.7 $5,167.2 $4,753.6 $4,753.6 $5,008.0 $254.4
Abatement Control and $3,483.5 $5,407.9 $6,516.8 $7,561.2 $7,730.5 $169.3 .
Compliance
TOTAL $8,024.2 $10,575.1 $11,270.4 $12,314.8 $12,738.5 $423.7
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses $4,540.7 $5,167.2 $4,753.6 $4,753.6 $5,008.0 $254.4
V Abatement Control and $3,483.5 $5,407.9 $6,516.8 $7.561.2 $7,730.5 $169.3
S Compliance
Environmental Review TOTAL $8,024.2 $10,575.1 $11,270.4 $12,314.8 $12,738.5 $423.7
and Coordination
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental Review 102.6 112.4 . 115.4 107.2 115.4 8.2
and Coordination
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 102.6 112.4 115.4 107.2 115.4 8.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental Review 110.5 112.4 115.4 115.4 115.4
and Coordination
TOTAL WORKYEARS 110.5 112.4 115.4 115.4 115.4
-------
INTERDISCIPLINARY
Environmental Review and Coordination
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,738,500 supported by 115.4 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $423,700 and no change in total workyears from 1988. Of
the request, $5,008,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$7,730,500 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an
Increase of $254,400 in Salaries and Expenses and an Increase of $169,300 in the
Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
Environmental Review and Coordination This activity Includes the following
four programs.NationalEnvironmentalPolicy Act (NEPA) Compliance contains
resources for assuring EPA's actions comply with the Intent of NEPA and other non-
EPA administered environmental laws (such as the Endangered Species Act and the
National Historic Preservation Act). The NEPA Compliance program also provides
assistance to other EPA programs 1n conducting functionally equivalent analyses.
Federal Facilities Compliance deals with control of pollution at Federal
Installations. Under Executive Order 12088, EPA 1s directed to: (1) provide tech-
nical advice and assistance to Federal agencies to ensure that their facilities
comply with pollution control requirements 1n a cost-effective and timely manner;
(2) assist Federal agencies and OMB in developing budgetary plans for controlling
pollution at Federal facilities; and (3) resolve disputes regarding Federal facili-
ties' violations of pollution control requirements through administrative mecha-
nisms. The Federal Facility compliance effort is a comprehensive multi-media
program which works with and coordinates the Individual single-media programs to
establish one Integrated and focused effort, enabling EPA to deal with other Federal
agencies on their pollution control problems in a highly efficient and effective
manner, not through fragmented, single-media approaches.
Pursuant to NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act, the Environmental
Review program reviews and comments publicly on the environmental impact of proposed
projects, regulations, and other major Federal actions. This broad mandate encour-
ages expedited environmental assessment of all Federal projects and activities.
The major objective is to minimize the adverse environmental impacts of Federal
proposals by: (1) effective liaison with other Federal agencies, (2) early identi-
fication of significant environmental Issues, and (3) timely review of major actions.
The Indian Program coordinates the extension of EPA programs to American
Indian tribes. This effort emphasizes coordination of Agency activities and
support of activities designed to Improve the environmental management capability
of Tribal governments. It includes identification of, and work on, priority Tribal
projects and resolution of legal, policy, and procedural problems hampering EPA's
ability to work with Tribal governments.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND COORDINATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,738,500 supported by 115.4 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,008,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $7,730,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $254,400 in Salaries and Expenses, an increase of
$169,300 in Abatement, Control and Compliance, and no change in total workyears. The
1-20
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Increase will ensure that EPA complies with Its NEPA requirements and supports
the development of State environmental review programs for State Revolving Funds.
An Increase 1n the demand for NEPA Compliance resources 1n conducting functionally
equivalent analyses, particularly In the CERCLA and TSCA areas Is also expected. In
1989, a new Federal Facilities Compliance Strategy will be fully implemented
which utilizes new approaches to compliance and enforcement response. Emphasis
will be placed on management techniques such as environmental auditing. The Agency
will continue to review and comment on draft and final EISs and improve coordination
with other Federal agencies with respect to the Section 309 and NEPA review
processes. Finally, the Agency will continue overall "outreach" with Tribal
groups by providing in extramural resources. These resources will continue
Implementation of the Agency's Indian program, through technical support and
consultation designed to strengthen the environmental management capabilities
of Tribal governments.
Extramural resources Included in this request also will support Agency-wide
Interdisciplinary Environmental Projects. These funds, to be expended on special
environmental projects, will enable rapid Regional response to significant or unique
Intermedia environmental problems. Resources will also support the Agency's tech-
nology transfer efforts. EPA's technology transfer activities will be aimed at
achieving Improved efficiency and performance 1n environmental programs 1n the
field by providing better technology transfer and technical information exchange
between EPA Headquarters, Regions, States, local government and Industry.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,314,800 supported by 115.4
.total workyears for this program, of which $4,753,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $7,561,200 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. In 1988, the NEPA Compliance program continues to assure that
EPA actions in wastewater treatment facility construction comply with NEPA. It
also provides assistance to delegated State construction grants programs, ensures
that EPA-1ssued NPDES new source permits are 1n compliance with NEPA, assists EPA's
Office of Research and Development and laboratories in meeting NEPA requirements
for research and development projects and assists EPA Regional program offices in
their efforts to comply with other environmental laws and to carry out reviews
equivalent to NEPA. The Agency continues to assist Federal agencies in identifying
facilities needing pollution controls, determining the most cost-effective control,
and resolving disputes surrounding facilities which are out of compliance. Parti-
cular emphasis is placed on hazardous waste problems on Federal installations in
cooperation with the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. The Agency is
also continuing to work on the review of environmental impacts of proposed
projects, regulations, and other major Federal actions, as required by both NEPA
and Section 309. The major objective 1s to minimize the adverse environ-
mental impacts of Federal proposals by: (1) effective liaison with other Federal
agencies, (2) early identification of significant environmental Issues, and (3)
timely review of major actions. In 1988, technical assistance continues to
be provided to selected Indian tribes with the focus of the Indian programs
being priority environmental problems on Tribal lands.
1988 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $1,044,100 results from the following action:
- Reprogramming - (+1,044,100) This increase is the result of two
reprogrammings. The net increase of $300,000 supports Regional interdisciplinary
environmental -projects. The increase of $744,100 supports continued efforts to
ensure that the Agency complies with its NEPA requirements and supports the
development of State environmental review programs for the State Revolving Fund.
1-21
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1987 Accompl1shments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,024,200 supported by 110.5
workyears for this program, of which $4,540,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,483,500 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. The NEPA Compliance program Increased emphasis on oversight of State
programs which are doing much of the basic environmental analysis. EPA also
continued work on site-specific assessments and EISs, and Increased efforts 1n
conducting functionally equivalent analyses especially 1n the hazardous and toxic
waste areas. The Agency continued Its efforts to provide technical advice and
assistance to Federal agencies to ensure that their facilities comply with pol-
lution control requirements in a cost effective manner; to review and comment on
proposed actions of other Federal agencies' actions to ensure that public health
and the environment were protected; to improve liaison with other Federal agencies;
and, to identify and resolve environmental concerns on Indian lands. In 1987, the
Agency worked to Improve the environmental management capability of Tribal govern-
ments, Including outreach and technical assistance and resolution of legal, policy,
and procedural problems hampering EPA's ability to work with Tribes.
1-22
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Training Grants
ACTUAL
19R7
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988.
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Interdisciplinary
Training Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$1,074.2
TOTAL $1,074.2
U)
TOTAL:
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Interdisciplinary
Training Grants
$1,074.2
TOTAL $1,074.2
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Interdisciplinary Training Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests no resources for this activity 1n 1989.
Program Description
This program provides academic and professional training to State and local
environmental personnel in the areas of pollution control and environmental engi-
neering. The program also provides economic support, through fellowships and
training grants, to minority students to allow them to receive academic training
in the environmental field.
INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this program.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating no resources for this program.
1987 Accomplishments '
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,074,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In 1987, this
program funded 63 minority fellowships; 41 fellowships for academic training to
State personnel involved in administering and implementing State Public Water
Supply Systems and Underground Injection Control programs as well as funded a
National Environmental Health Association grant to support training of State hazard-
ous waste personnel. In addition, the program conducted 33 EPA-sponsored training
courses for State/local personnel in the area of air pollution control technologies.
1-24
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Policy & Technical Support 1-26
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring 1-29
Enforcement Policy & Operations 1-30
Criminal Investigations Program 1-32
1-25
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy * Technical Support
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
fO
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Enforcement Policy S
Operations
Salaries A Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Criminal Investigation
Program
Salaries 4 Expenses
$3,480.9 $3,273.4 $3,274.0 $3,274.0 $3,281.8 $7.8
$1,409.9 $1,610.9 $1,610.9 $1,610.9 $1,610.9
TOTAL $4,890.8 $4,884.3 $4,884.9 $4,884.9 $4,892.7 $7.8
$13,363.0 $15,543.8 $14,844.4 $14,844.4 $15,076.7 $232.3
$358.0 $330.6 $293.9 $330.6 $330.6
TOTAL $13,721,0 $15,874.4 $15,138.3 $15,175.0 $15,407.3 $232.3
$2,057.6 $2,206.8 $2,330.2 $2,330.2 $2,639.7 $309.5
TOTAL $2,057.6 $2,206.8 $2,330.2 $2,330.2 $2,639.7 $309.5
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Enforcement Policy &
Technical Support
$18,901.5 $21,024.0 $20,448.6 $20,448.6 $20.998.2
$1,767.9 $1,941.5 $1,904.8 $1,941.5 $1,941.5
$549.6
TOTAL $20,669.4 $22,965.5 $22,353.4 $22,390.1 $22,939.7 $549.6
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy * Technical Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
ro
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
And Comp
Mon1tor1
ng
Enforcement Policy 4
Operations
Criminal Investigation
Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
53.2
30.8
351.4
61.5
267.4 312.5
35.0
62.5
321.5
38.0
61.5
42.4
61.8
296.2 312.9
42.4
409.0 422.0 400.1 417.1
16.7
17.0
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Technical Support
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Enforcement Policy ft
Operations
Criminal Investigation
Program
62.1
32.4
61.5
35.0
62.5
38.0
61.5
42.4
61.8
293.6 312.5 321.5 312.2 312.9
42.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
388.1 409.0 422.0 416.1 417.1
1.0
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INTERDISCIPLINARY
Enforcement Policy and Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $22,939,700 supported by 417.1 total work years
for 1989, an Increase of $549,600 and 1.0 total workyear from 1988. Of the request,
$20,998,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,941,500
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of
$549,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactlvlty Include:
Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring The
National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides Headquarters and Regional
offices with technical support for litigation development 1n enforcement cases
which have major precedential Implications, require unusual or extremely sophisti-
cated technical support, or require national management. In addition, the Center
provides a full range of technical support to the Agency's criminal Investigation
program. NEIC provides technical assistance for criminal litigation under all
statutes administered by the Agency.
Enforcement Policy and Operations This program provides the legal
enforcementan3compliancemonitoring component of the Agency's enforcement
programs in all non-Superfund media. The Headquarters component 1s responsible
for Implementation of all aspects of legal activities in which EPA is a plaintiff
and provides consistent direction and coordination of Agency legal enforcement
policies, strategies, and case development activities. In addition, the Head-
quarters component is responsible for oversight of the Agency's compliance efforts,
including establishment of Agency-wide criteria for use 1n the development of
media-specific compliance strategies, negotiation of compliance and enforcement
commitments, and Overview of program implementation. The Office of Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring conducts cross-media analyses of Agency compliance and
enforcement activities and is a leader in fostering new compliance and enforcement
approaches. It is also responsible for the Agency's judicial enforcement docket
and related Agency-wide enforcement information systems.
Regional legal resources are used to translate national priorities into a
credible enforcement presence which 1s both tailored to particular Regional
characteristics and designed to maintain statutory compliance in the most cost-
effective manner. Consultation 1s provided to Regional media programs for the
development of effective compliance monitoring and enforcement strategies, Including
advice on choice of administrative and judicial remedies. Emphasis is placed on
timely and appropriate enforcement response to significant violations and management
of ongoing caseload to achieve equitable resolution and swift return of violators
to compliance. Cooperation with State enforcement agencies in pursuit of timely
and appropriate enforcement remedies and maintenance of an effective Federal
enforcement presence are important goals of this program.
Criminal Investigations This program provides a nationally directed,
Regionally implemented system for the investigation and swift prosecution of
suspected criminal violations of environmental statutes. A significant objective
of this program is to act as a deterrent to violation of environmental laws. The
program is operated in cooperation with comparable State activities, and in close
partnership with other Federal law enforcement agencies.
1-28
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,892,700 supported by 61.8 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,281,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,610,900 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $7,800 1n the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and an increase of .3 total workyears from 1988. The Increases
reflect greater emphasis on management of criminal litigation.
In 1989, NEIC will continue to provide case development support In nationally
managed cases having precedential Implications, unique technological requirements,
and resource requirements exceeding Regional capabilities. NEIC will continue
Implementation of rigorous technical compliance monitoring procedures particularly
with respect to groundwater contamination, air toxics, and municipal and pretreat-
ment compliance. The Center will devote an Increased proportion of Its resources
to Implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) "hammer"
provisions, national compliance Investigations of multi-facility waste disposal
firms and environmental audit Inspections. Substantial attention will also be
given to design and use of automated enforcement Information systems (e.g. evidence
audit and consent decree tracking). Technical support will be provided to the
criminal Investigation program. NEIC will also continue to provide technical
leadership in support of special studies required for cross-media geographic
enforcement Initiatives. The Center will also continue to expand Its
collaboration with State and other Federal law enforcement agencies.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,884,900 supported by 61.5
total workyears. for this program, of which $3,274,000 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,610,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988, NEIC resources are supporting the development and prosecution of
significant enforcement litigation in all media. The Center's primary responsibili-
ties include providing assistance in litigation case preparation by performing
background analysis, and evidence audit support; field investigations; laboratory
analysis; technical testimony; and negotiation of the technical aspects of consent
decrees. Cases are selected for NEIC support on the basis of program and Regional
enforcement priorities.
The Center continues to serve as a point of coordination with both Federal and
State law enforcement and environmental protection agencies. It provides technical
assistance and training to personnel in these agencies on topics which are vital to
effective environmental enforcement (such as evidence handling, laboratory proce-
dures, and criminal Investigative techniques). The Center also continues to
experiment with ways to make information systems function as a more effective
management tool in targetting environmental enforcement actions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,890,800 supported by 62.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,480,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,409,900 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
1-29
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In all statutory areas, case preparation activities and technical support to
enforcement actions against significant violators were provided. Particular
emphasis was placed on support to the RCRA program, Including auditing contractor
performance on hazardous waste transportation and disposal, and work on illegal
fuel blending. The NEIC provided compliance evaluations, performance audit inspec-
tions, multi-media Inspections, and evaluations of major publicly owned treatment
works suspected of noncompliance, as well as Clean Water Act case support. Tech-
nical assistance was also provided to the pesticides and toxics enforcement efforts,
with particular emphasis on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and management of
Confidential Business Information in Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) case
preparation.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests $15,407,300 supported by 312.9 total workyears for this
program, of which $15,076,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $330,600 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This
represents an increase of $232,300 in Salaries and Expenses and an Increase of
0.7 in total workyears. The Increases reflect additional support to the Water
Quality Act.
In 1989, the enforcement consequences of several major statutory deadlines
will require aggressive Agency use of legal resources (eg: RCRA surface impound-
ment, National Municipal Policy, TSCA PCB equipment disposal and ozone nonattain-
ment). Coupled with the urgent need for vigorous prosecution of a growing judicial
docket, these and other emerging statutory priorities will demand the utmost in
efficient and imaginative use of legal talent and authorities.
Headquarters resources will focus on provision of appropriate guidance,
operating support and results assessment for the legal enforcement work being
carried out by the Regions. Due to the successful completion of ventures under-
taken in 1987 and 1988 to streamline the enforcement process, attention will shift
away from policy development and direct litigation management toward capacity
building (for both Regions and States) and broad program oversight to ensure that
Agency efforts are both focussed on appropriate targets and on achieving proper
results.
Policy work will continue in areas of new statutory interpretation
and development of better Agency strategy, based on lessons learned from oversight.
Similarly, Headquarters staff will participate in a limited number of judicial and
administrative cases which demand national expertise. In addition, continued growth
in the contractor listing program will require increased Headquarters attention,
and special efforts will be made to expand criminal enforcement capabilities in
States.
The Regions will be responsible for line management of judicial cases and,
on a more selective basis, administrative litigation. Within the context of Agency
and Congressional enforcement priorities for initiating new actions, Regional
resources will also press for successful closure of cases active on the Agency's
growing judicial docket, as well as careful oversight and follow-through on active
consent decrees with conditions still unmet. Support will also be given to permit
decisions and appeals, as well as the development of criminal investigations and
referrals.
The Agency's use of enforcement orders with penalties especially under the
Clean Water, Safe Drinking Water and Hazardous and Solid Waste authorities, will
promote a more effective administrative enforcement program. Expansion of admini-
strative enforcement authorities and streamlining procedures will enable Regional
1-30
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resources to adequately support workload projected for each of the Agency's major
media. Particular areas of emphasis will Include:
In Water
0 completion of National Municipal Policy enforcement
0 aggressive use of administrative penalty authority against POTW's
for failure to Implement pretreatment requirements
0 aggressive administrative enforcement support for wetlands protection
0 enforcement of new SDWA monitoring requirements, with particular
emphasis on high hazard contaminants
In Air
0 enforcement support to the Agency's post-1987 ozone strategy
0 enforcement of PMjo and S02 Continuous Emission Monitoring requirements
In Waste
0 surface Impoundment deadline enforcement
0 enforcement against permit violations
".enforcement followup to HSWA "hammer11 provisions
0 enforcement of corrective action measures
in Toxics
"° PCB disposal enforcement
0 enforcement against premanufacture notice and existing chemical
compliance violations
in Pesticides
0 more aggressive enforcement against pesticides misuse.
1988 Program
In the 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,175,000 supported by
312.2 total workyears for this program, of which $14,844,400 is from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation and $330,600 is from the Abatement, Control and
Compliance appropriation.
The scope of the Agency's enforcement agenda in 1988 is sufficiently broad
and complex that successful support can only be maintained by continuing to build
vigorously on management Initiatives begun 1n 1987. At Headquarters, substantial
effort is being devoted to bringing Into successful operation several major
ventures designed to streamline the enforcement process. In .addition, significant
efforts are being made to test and refine innovative enforcement techniques, such
as alternative dispute resolution. Coupled with implementation of projects designed
to enhance the line management capacity of the Regions, these strategies should
enable the Agency to meet its enforcement commitments. Headquarters resources
continue, as well, to focus on direct involvement in major national litigation
which demands special expertise, and in test cases under new statutory authority
(such as the administrative authorities under the Water Quality Act). Management
of the growing contractor listing program will continue to demand attention, as
will the criminal enforcement program (with particular emphasis on enhancing State
capabilities).
In 1988, Regional legal resources are devoted to supporting program enforcement
priorities in all media. Levels of effort reflect continuing work in mature programs
(Air, TSCA), introduction of new approaches (administrative penalty actions in
SDWA, CWA) and increased efforts to successfully cope with major statutory deadlines
1-31
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(National Municipal Policy, RCRA land ban). Regional staff have devoted effort to
Improving the speed (while safeguarding the outcome) of the enforcement process.
Specific examples Include:
9 development of standard approaches for use in certain types of administrative
enforcement actions, to reduce legal review time;
0 expansion of the use of paralegal specialists and experimentation with use
of civil Investigators;
0 greater use of new settlement techniques, such as environmental auditing
provisions.
These approaches, taken In conjunction with careful and comprehensive Regional
planning of enforcement strategy, enable Regional legal resources to keep pace with
more, and more complicated enforcement actions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $13,721.000 supported by 293.6
total workyears for this program, of which $13,363,000 was from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $358,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The thrust of this program In 1987 was maintenance of vigorous enforcement and
compliance monitoring partnerships with the States to produce maximum environmental
results. Activities at Headquarters Included monitoring of the legal policy guid-
ance and case management for the criminal Investigation program, articulation
and updating of national enforcement priorities and legal enforcement policies
for major media programs, and operation of the Strategic Planning and Management
System for Agency enforcement. Particular emphasis was placed on policy and guidance
necessary to swiftly implement the enforcement provisions of the Clean Mater Act
as amended.
Regional legal enforcement resources were devoted to resolution of ongoing
judicial and administrative cases, generation of civil referrals most likely to
return significant violators to compliance, and maintaining a credible enforcement
presence. Swift implementation of new authorities under the amended Safe Drinking
Mater Act and Clean Water Act provided the basis for major enforcement initiatives.
Regional legal support was also provided to the criminal investigation program.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
In 1989, the Agency requests a total of $2,639,700 supported by 42.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This represents an increase of $309,500 and no change in total
workyears from 1988. The Increase supports additional operating costs for
travel, training and special equipment for the criminal Investigators.
The objective of this program will continue to be forceful deterrence of
violation of environmental laws by providing the regulated community clear evidence
that willful statutory violations will be met with harsh sanctions in terms of
both jail sentences and monetary fines. Close coordination will continue with
each media program, to insure the most effective targetting of these resources.
1-32
-------
Substantial effort will be made to expand and strengthen the partnership with
State and other Federal law enforcement agencies. Specific program emphasis will
include the following:
* in RCRA, illegal disposal, storage and transportation of waste to unpermitted
facilities; blended fuel/waste oil; ioss-of-interim-status reduction in
on-site capacity; land disposal bans; small quantity generators;
0 in CWA/SDWA, data falsification connected with greater use of toxicity
limits in NPDES permits; unpermitted discharges;
e in TSCA/FIFRA, illegal disposal of PCBs; falsification of data; deliberate
failure to report data to EPA;
0 in CAA, air toxics, asbestos demolition; lead phase-down; major motor
vehicle pollution control violations.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,330,200 supported by 42.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
In 1988, the criminal investigation program expands its operation as a national
network, with particular emphasis on hazardous waste enforcement (where there is
likely to be a significant increase in criminal activity due to the provisions of
the reauthorized RCRA) and water quality enforcement (where new felony provisions
provide improved opportunities for deterrence). In addition, priority is being
given to cases with the greatest deterrent impact in the areas of air toxics, data
falsification and deliberate failure to report to EPA under TSCA. The program
stresses close coordination with administrative and civil judicial enforcement
initiatives to maximize the number of significant violators brought into compliance.
This program continues to work closely with State criminal enforcement efforts
through the Hazardous Waste Coordinating Committees in the northeast and southwest,
and the National Association of Attorneys General. In addition, close working
partnerships are maintained with other Federal law enforcement agencies. For
example, the Agency is implementing a Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S.
Customs Service to eliminate possible illegal export of hazardous wastes.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,057,600 supported by 32.4 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The program continued to reinforce the growing deterrent presence it achieved
in prior years, as the Court system began to respond with stiff sanctions. Approxi-
mately 60 percent of the program's emphasis was on violations of RCRA; the water
program followed with about 20 percent of the Agency's investigations, and then,
by toxic substances and the air program, each with 10 percent.
Although the number of criminal referrals showed only slight growth, the
proportion of cases producing significant indictments increased as did the number
of pleas and convictions. This trend is expected to continue in 1988 and beyond.
Similarly the length of jail sentences rose and corporations which were fined for
criminal activity at one facility took steps to get their other facilities into
compliance to avoid the threat of prosecution.
1-33
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES TS-1
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research TS-8
Sc1 entif 1 c Assessment TS-14
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance..... TS-15
Health Effects TS-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology TS-17
Environmental Processes and Effects TS-19
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance... TS-21
Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants TS-23
Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration TS-24
Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification TS-25
Toxic Substances Strategies TS-26
Chemical Testing TS-29
Exi st 1 ng Chemi cal Rev1 ew TS-30
New Chemical Review TS-32
OPTS - Title III ; TS-34
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-36
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-39
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants TS-41
OPTS Enforcement - Title III TS-42
TS-1
-------
APPROPRIATION
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Research ft Development
TOTAL, Toxic Substances
$40,254.2 $42,435.2 $44,021.8 $44,021.8 $45,433.0 $1,411.2
$75,186.3 $25,702.7 $70,760.0 $70,760.0 $34,556.8 -$36,203.2
$20,080.2 $17,958.3 $15,662.3 $15,443.9 $15,017.8 -$426.1
$135,520.7 $86,096.2 $130,444.1 $130,225.7 $95,007.6 -$35,218.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
809.3 777.2 820.3 845.6 821.6 -24.0
816.6 839.6 873.6 873.6 873.6
$127,369.5 $119,591.9 $151,367.1 $151,113.7 $131,748.8 -$19,364.9
Authorization for the Toxic Substances Control Act expired September 30,
1983. Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted in 1976, provides authority
and responsibility to protect human health and the environment from unreasonable
risks arising from the manufacture, processing, distribution, use or disposal of
chemicals. TSCA provides many effective options for safeguarding health and the
environment including banning chemicals, controlling production, and placing con-
ditions on use and disposal. TSCA covers approximately 66,000 chemicals now 1n
commerce and any .new chemicals introduced by industry. TSCA influences the
evolution of chemical technology by encouraging innovation and introduction of
safer substitutes. TSCA also generates data essential for risk-based decisions
across the Agency. Highlights of the 1989 program are: (1) implementation of the
biotechnology program, (2) an effective new chemical review program, (3) improve-
ments in our PCB disposal program, (4) public availability of the first Superfuhd
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) Section 313 emissions reports,
(5) strong enforcement, and (6) research and development.
Biotechnology
The TSCA biotechnology program will proceed from the rulemaking stage to
implementation. The first biotechnology notices were received in 1987; however,
we expect this program to develop rapidly. The potential for environmental and
human risks associated with these products is high. Thus, our reviews will re-
quire significant efforts including data development under Section 5(e) in order
to balance any potential risks of these substances against their benefits to
soci ety. v-
PCB Disposal
Over the next two years, a significant amount of PCBs currently in use will be
discontinued, creating a potential disposal problem. The Agency will use TSCA
authorities to address PCB disposal activities during this critical time frame. We
are making changes to both our abatement and control, and enforcement programs to
incorporate Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements. We are
putting in place rules to better track- the disposal of PCB wastes and to obtain
information on companies that handle and store PCB wastes prior to disposal.
SARA Title III
The emissions inventory data collected in 1388 (covering 1987 emissions)
will be available to the public and the second cycle of reporting will take place.
At least 300,000 reports are expected in 1989. The volume of reports is signifi-
cantly higher than anticipated, at least at the onset, of the program. Our highest
priority will be to process these reports Into the public data base. To the extent
possible we will take steps to ensure that the data is of good quality. We will
also work toward helping States develop the capacity to be the first response
level to public inquiries.
Toxic Substances Enforcement
The major objective of the Agency's toxic substances enforcement program is to
maintain an efficient and effective national compliance monitoring program with
appropriate coverage of all enforceable TSCA regulations. The enforcement program
depends increasingly upon the assistance of State agencies which conduct compliance
monitoring inspections under the terms of cooperative enforcement agreements. The
cooperative enforcement agreement program will grow to an anticipated level of 21
participating States by 1989. State programs emphasize compliance monitoring of
existing chemical control rules, particularly asbestos and PCBs. Since the States
TS-3
-------
cannot initiate TSCA enforcement actions, the Agency is responsible for case
development and prosecution for all detected violations, whether originating
from State- or EPA-conducted inspections.
Of growing concern to both EPA and the public is assuring the proper storage
and disposal of PCBs. The enforcement program is placing a growing emphasis on
conducting a comprehensive compliance program in this area, as well as more
frequent and comprehensive inspections at disposal sites, and will be targeting
inspections at brokers, storers and transporters of such materials.
The toxic substances enforcement program supports the enforcement provisions
of SARA Title III. Prior to the time that these provisions became fully enforce-
able, the Agency provided compliance assistance to the regulated community, the
States, and local authorities. With all sections of Title III now fully enforce-
able, EPA has begun an inspection program to ensure that manufacturers comply
with Section 313 requirements to submit annual toxic chemical release forms.
Research and Development
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) will continue to support the
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) by performing research in the areas of test method
development and validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation; exposure
monitoring; environmental engineering and technology; special human data needs;
structure activity relationships (SARS); ecology (both fate and transport and risk
assessment); and biotechnology. In addition, ORD will continue to provide technical
support to OTS in exposure assessment, monitoring procedures and risk assessment
methodologies for oncogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive toxidty.
TS-4
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Actual
"1987
Budget
Estimate
1988
5
6
6
Title III
Toxic Release Inventory
Forms Received
Current
Estimate
1988'
PROGRAM-ACTIVITIES
Ex1stingChemical Review
Incoming Data Documents
(§4,§8(e), FYI's Received.. 469 475 500
Incoming Section 8(a)/(d)
Reports Received .......2,589 1,625 1,625
Section 8 Rules and Section
5{a) SNURs Proposed/Final. 16 13 12
Preliminary Risk Assessments 18 15 15
Detailed Risk Assessments... 32 2
PCB Disposal Permits
Reviewed 20 20 20
Section 6 Rules: Proposed... 30 4
Section 6 Rules: Final...... 14 4
Section 9 Referrals 0 1 1
Chemical Advisories 1 1 1
New Chemical "Review
New Chemical
Submissions... 2,291 2,600 2,600
New Chemical Control
Actions Taken 200 170 230
Biotechnology Notices
Received 7 - 15-20
Biotechnology Control
Actions Taken 1 - 2
New Chemicals Subject to
proposed or Final SNURS.... 1 37 35
Receipt of Test Data 17 - - 13
Chemical Testing
Initial ITC Testing
Actions 2
Post-Initial ITC Testing
Actions 2
Promulgated ITC Actions.... 14
Non-ITC Testing Actions.... 4
Test Guldennes/GLPs
Published 6
3
12
5
Request
1989
500
1,875
9
10
2
20
1
3
1
1
3,000
260
35-50
5
90
25
4
8
5
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1989 vs. 1988
+250
-3
-5
-3
-1
+400
+30
+20-30
+3
+55
+12
+1
-4
50,000
160-300K
300K+
TS-5
-------
Actual
1987-
Enforcement Actions
'Laboratory Inspections 13
Test Study Audits 21
Inspections, Sec. 5 367
Inspections, Sec. 6
PCB Inspections* 2,615
Asbestos Inspections** 2,771
Inspections, Sec. 8 447
Inspections, Sec. 13 864
Notices of Violation....... 2,276
Administrative Orders 1,051
Civil Litigation 6
Criminal Litigation 0
Budget
Estimate
-1988
70
190
455
2,220
2,738
415
700
1,705
900
6
2
Current
Estimate
1988 -
45
95
245
2,400
2,738
300
700
2,200
1,000
6
2
Request
1989
55
190
245
2,150
2,738
300
700
2,200
1,000
6
2
Increase (+)
Decrease(-)
1989 vs. 1988
+10
+95
-250
* Includes Federal and State inspections
** Includes Federal, State and contractor inspections
TS-6
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Toxics Substances Research TS-8
Scientlf 1 c Assessment TS-14
Monitoring Systems and Duality Assurance.. TS-15
Health Effects. TS-16
Environmental Engineering and Technology TS-17
Environmental Processes and Effects TS-19
TS-7
-------
V
00
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance -
Toxic Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
$218.5
$196.4
$414.9
$1,387.0
$3,883.3
$5,270.3
$3,549.4
$7,930.9
$11,480.3
$225.0
$208.0
$433.0
$1,564.9
$3,993.0
$5,557.9
$3,658.1
$7,226.9
$10,885.0
$214.6
$208.0
$422.6
$1.496.8
$3,468.0
$4,964.8
$3,527.6
$5,608.9
$9,136.5
$214.6
$208.0
$422.6
$1,496.8
$3,422.6
$4,919.4
$3,527.6
$5,520.1
$9.047.7
$219.3
$208.0
$427.3
$1,529.6
$3,423.6
$4,953.2
$3,604.9
$5,510.3
$9,115.2
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
$4.7
$4.7
$32.8
$1.0
$33.8
$77.3
-$9.8
$67.5
TOTAL
$637.7
$2,524.0
$3,161.7
$5,150.9
$5.545.6
$10.696.5
$666.8
$2.036.6
$2,703.4
$5,712.4
$4,493.8
$10.206.2
$608.9
$1,740.6
$2,349.5
$5.495.1
$4,636.8
$10,131.9
$608.9
$1,715.0
$2,323.9
$5,495.1
$4,578.2
$10,073.3
$622.2
$1,715.0
$2,337.2
$5,615.4
$4,160.9
$9,776.3
$13.3
$13.3
$120.3
-$417.3
-$297.0
-------
Research
and Development
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1: Develop and Validate Test Methods In Support of TSCA Studies
1989; o Report on the development of test methods with benthlc organisms to
define the bioavailability of sediment-bound toxicants (Environmental
Processes)
1988: o Evaluation of the sensitivity of a screening procedure with specific
reproductive toxins (Health)
1987; o Report on application of analytical methods for detecting organic com-
pounds in biological tissues (Monitoring)
Objective 2; Perform Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation
1989; o Evaluation of potential use for biological markers in human exposure
monitoring studies (Monitoring)
1988; o Structure activity correlation of the reproductive effects of diazo dyes
administered in utero (Health)
1987; o Comparison of tumorigenicity of 5 mineral fibers by means of intrapleural
innoculation {Health)
Objective 3; Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs
1989; o Report on the effects of asbestos exposure on school teachers (Health)
1987: o Report on the feasibility of using monitoring or screening methods to
assess exposure/effect relative to two organ systems (Health)
Objective 4: Perform Ecological Research Including Transport. Fate and Field Val-
idation
1989; o Report on comparison of laboratory microcosms and natural pond responses
to Dursban (Environmental Processes)
1987: o Report on the detection of genetically engineered microorganisms in com-
plex environments by RNA fingerprinting and sequencing (Env. .Processes)
Objective 5: Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA
1989: o Report on advanced development of methodologies for estimating protec-
tive clothing performance for the PMN review process (Engineering)
1988; o Study of workplace exposure in the polymer processing industry (Engi-
neering)
1987; o Report on methodologies for estimating protective clothing performance.
(Engineering)
TS-11
-------
Objective 6: Perform Exposure Monitoring Research
1989: o Interim report on pollutant sources and human exposure to toxic pollu-
tants using Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) (Monitoring)
1988: o Interim report on pollutant sources and human activity patterns asso-
ciated with exposure to toxic pollutants using TEAM data (Monitoring)
1987; o Report on development and validation procedures for total exposure multi-
media models (Monitoring)
Objective 7: Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data
1989: o Report on SAR methods for predicting metabolism from chemical structure
(Environmental Processes)
1988; o Comparison of the CHO and mouse lymphoma assay for analyzing structurally
similar compounds (Health)
1987: o Journal article on the genotoxicity of acrylates in cultured mammalian
cells (Health)
Objective 8; Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents"
1989; o Journal article on fate and survival of altered microbes and genetic
material in the terrestrial environment (Environmental Processes)
o Evaluation of sampling procedures for released microbes (Monitoring)
1988: o Guidelines for monitoring releases of microbes (Monitoring)
1987; o Report on studies of DNA recombination to assess the potential for
genetic exchange (Health)
Objective 9: Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols
1989: o Update of stratified lake transport model for risk assessment (Environ-
mental Processes)
1988: o Report documenting the coupled plant-soil model and software for predict-
ing the fate of xenobiotic chemicals in terrestrial plants (Environ-
mental Processes)
1987: o Draft environmental risk assessment guidelines (Scientific Assessment)
Objective 10; Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies
1989; o Guidelines for use of human exposure model in regulatory review and
report on production of reference materials for quality control
(Monitoring)
1988; o Annual report on production of quality control materials and asbestos for
routine monitoring procedures (Monitoring)
1987; o Annual report on asbestos audit program (Monitoring)
TS-12
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $26,609,200 supported by 188.3 total workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $177,700 and no change In total workyears from 1988. Of
the request, $11,591,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$15,017,800 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase of
$248,400 and a decrease of $426,100, respectively.
Program Description
The Toxic Substances research program supports the Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS) by providing the scientific tools and supporting information to implement the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
Objective 1. Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. This
research develops and validates health and environmental testing protocols to be
incorporated into TSCA Section 4 guidelines, risk assessment methods, and analyt-
ical methods for identifying and quantifying environmental pollutants.
Objective 2. Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation.This effort develops methodsfor extrapolatingfrom high to low
.doses between mammalian species to enhance risk assessment predictability and
capability. Research also focuses on developing biomonitoring techniques and
applying biochemical indicators of exposure and effects to the study of populations
exposed to toxicants.
Objective 3. Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs. This activity
focuses on investigations of human populations exposed to environmental pollutants.
This research will help determine whether biological indicators of dose and/or
effects are related to environmental levels of exposure and if they are correlated
with adverse effects measured by traditional methods. This research provides an
important component to the Agency's overall ability to accurately estimate risks
from exposure to chemicals and make regulatory decisions under TSCA.
Objective 4. Perform Ecological Research Including Transport, Fate, and
Field Validation. This research focuses on developing and conducting exposure and
hazard assessments of chemicals in water, air, and multimedia environments. This
work is conducted in response to the TSCA requirement that the Agency take into
account ecological risks when making regulatory decisions. Work focuses on in-
clusion of identified transport and transformation processes, pathways of exposure,
population characteristics, environmental features and hazard assessment techniques.
Objective 5. Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA. This research
focuses on the development of models to predict the release of and exposure to new
and existing chemicals. The program addresses those classes of chemicals for
which the Agency does not have adequate information on the degree to which existing
control systems limit their release, resulting in more effective Pre-Manufacture
Notification (PMN) decisions..
Objective 6. Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. This research develops
methods and evaluates data bases and statistical tools to improve exposure monitor-
ing. Multimedia monitoring methods and data analysis techniques are designed and
tested to characterize human exposure to chemicals of concerns.
Objective 7. Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. These efforts
develop predictive methods (structure activity relationships) to provide a tool
TS-13
-------
for determining whether new chemicals pose unreasonable risk or require further
testing. Structure activity relationships data are important for reviewing and
screening PMN chemicals under Section 5 of TSCA. The findings and techniques
established by this research will be used to select appropriate toxicity tests, to
document test results, to develop fate and effects data bases, and to provide the
modeling means to predict toxicity.
Objective 8. Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agent's^ Research in this area develops methods to assess the poten-
tial health and environmental hazards of biotechnology products. Methods are also
being developed to monitor, contain and destroy genetically engineered organisms
from releases and manufacturing processes.
Objective 9. Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols. This effort focuses on development of methodologies and
models to determine risks posed to ecosystems by exposure to environmental pollu-
tants. The program is currently developing environmental risk assessment protocols
for both aquatic and terrestrial systems which will be used in evaluating risks from
both new and existing chemicals.
Objective 10. Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies. This research pro-
vide s~Tul)pl>rT~fi)r~TTinriind~~^ dissemination
of reference standards and quality assurance reagents as well as expert consulta-
tion on problems associated with the evaluation of PMN chemicals and other toxic
substances.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $427,300 supported by 4.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $219,300 will be for Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $208,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $4,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no
change in the Research and Development appropriation or total workyears. The
increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of inhouse support for this program.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. This program will develop
risk and exposure assessment methods in support of TSCA. Research efforts will be
targeted on data inadequacies identified in the course of scientific assessments of
chemicals during regulatory analyses. This research will provide validated methods
and protocols for industry to use In performing tests required under TSCA Section 4.
Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols.Scientific support will be provided for the development of environmental
risk assessment protocols for both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. Scientific Assessment support
will be provided for preparation, consultation and review of OTS generated assess-
ments of cancer, mutagenicity, adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and
exposure. These activities will support decision making under TSCA (existing
chemicals program, PMN review, and test guidelines development).
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $422,600 supported by 4.0 total
workyears. for this program, of which $214,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $208,000 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
TS-14
-------
The 1988 program is providing support for preparation and review of risk and expo-
sure assessments, development of assessment methods as well as efforts to develop
protocols for environmental risk assessments. Particular emphasis is being given
to the development of risk assessment procedures for non-cancer endpoints.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $414,900 supported by 4.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $218,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $196,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, issue papers were developed on aspects of the dioxin data base and two
petitions requesting deletion from the list of chemicals subject to Section 313
of SARA Title III were reviewed.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,953,200 supported by 25.2 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,529,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,423,600 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents increases of $32,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $1,000 in the Research and Development appropriation and no change in total
workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a
general enhancement of inhouse support for the monitoring program.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Research will develop and
evaluate biological and chemical techniques to identify and quantify pollutants in
both humans and the environment. This information provides the exposure component
for conducting risk assessments. Research will be conducted to develop methods,
including screening procedures, for identifying chemical compounds. Increased
emphasis will be placed on developing improved sampling and analysis procedures to
measure asbestos in indoor air during and after abatement actions.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
Research will evaluate the use of biomarkers as indicators of human exposure to
complex organic compounds and as a means of integrating exposures from multiple
routes. The use of biomarkers will provide a quick, accurate, and cost-effective
means to detect the presence of toxicants in body tissue which cannot currently
be done using convential monitoring methods.
Perform Exposure Monitoring Research. Research in this area will develop mon-
itoring systems and models to estimate human exposure to pollutants via multiple
pathways. Statistical tools and data analysis techniques will be used to produce
predictive techniques and categorize human activity patterns. This research will
improve exposure assessment capabilities for regulatory efforts.
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agent's"! Monitoring procedures for genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs)
will be standardized to produce guidelines for monitoring routine releases of GEMs
into the environment. Methods to sample GEMs released into the environment will
also be evaluated.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. Monitoring and quality assur-
ance support willcontinue for the production of reference standards and quality
assurance reagents. Quality assurance guidelines will be produced for human expo-
sure models.
TS-15
-------
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,919,400 supported by 25.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,496,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,422,600 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
The 1988 program is continuing support for exposure monitoring, developing analyt-
ical methods and providing quality assurance support and standard reference materi-
als.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,270,300 supported by 24.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,387,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,883,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, a site characterization data base was developed for geographic information
systems research. Biological monitoring methods and biomarkers were evaluated for
their possible use in human monitoring studies. Quality assurance materials for
asbestos and organic chemicals were produced.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,115,200 supported by 60.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $3,604,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,510,300 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $77,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
no change in total workyears, and a decrease of $9,800 in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
the decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflect a shift from
extramural research to research conducted inhouse.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. Health research will
focus on developing methodologies and bioassays to detect, characterize and predict
non-cancer endpoints, with particular emphasis on neurotoxicity.and immunotoxicity.
These methodologies are used to evaluate industry submitted data on environmental
or health effects of new chemicals to ensure that the data is accurate, reproducible
and consistent. The Agency will develop alternative test methods that will decrease
or obviate the need to use whole animals.
Perform Health Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
This research will provide Improved methods for extrapolation from animal data to
estimations of human adverse health effects such as neurobehavioral, pulmonary,
hepatic and reproductive dysfunction as well as genetic effects. This research
provides an important component to the risk assessment process. Increased efforts
will be placed on target organ dosimetry to determine if the equivalent doses
reaching the target site produce equivalent effects.
Provide Information On Special Human Data Needs. Research will investigate
population groups exposed to environmental contaminants which are suspect toxicants
for particular organ systems to determine if biological indicators of dose and/or
effects are related to environmental levels of exposure. This data is used to verify
results using extrapolation methods and other traditional methods used to estimate
exposure. Results will be compared to effects measured by traditional methods.
Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. This research will focus on
developing methods based on molecular structure to predict genetic, carcinogenic,
and other toxic activities using pattern recognition, statistical and thermodynamic
techniques. Research results provide a rapid method for predicting effects of new
chemicals based on known data for chemicals of similar structure.
TS-16
-------
Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents. Potential dispersal capability of bioengineered organisms will be studied
using a variety of test systems. Potential health hazards of genetically engineered
organisms will be studied by comparing the effect of these organisms and naturally
occurring strains in mammalian digestive systems. This research supports the PMN
review process for biotechnology products.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $9,047,700 supported by 60.6
total workyears for this program, of which $3,527,600 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $5,520,100 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The 1988 program is developing test methods in support of TSCA Section
4 test guidelines, conducting research on extrapolation, biological markers, and
structure activity relationships, and assessing potential health effects from
genetically engineered organisms.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $11,480,300 supported by 64.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,549,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,930,900 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, neurochemical, behavioral and physiological methods for detecting neuro-
toxicity were provided as were methods for predicting developmental and reproduc-
tive toxicity and germ cell mutation.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,337,200 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $622,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,715,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $13,300 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in the Research and Development appropriation or total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general en-
hancement of inhouse support for the engineering program.
Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA. Engineering techniques to
assess the potentialfor toxic releases and exposures from processing and manu-
facturing new chemicals will be developed. To support the TSCA premanufacturing
review process, research will assess unit operations such as sampling and size
reduction for determining the treatability of toxic substances in waste streams.
Permeation of liquid chemicals through polymer gloves will be evaluated. Asbestos
release and control technology research will be conducted to update our current
state of knowledge in order to improve our guidance to contractors that are removing
asbestos from schools.
Perform Research.on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents"!Research will be conducted on the industrial-process release model and on
evaluation of worker personal-protective equipment. This work supports the TSCA
requirement to evaluate biotechnology products for workplace exposure during manu-
facturing and processing. Work on air-emissions contaminants will be completed.
This work will contribute to the current data base on the release of genetically
engineered organisms in support of the TSCA PMN review process.
TS-17
-------
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,323,900 supported by 11.0
total workyears for this program, of which $608,900 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,715,000 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. The 1988 program is developing information on release and control
measures for new and existing chemicals, particularly genetically engineered
organisms.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,161,700 supported by 11.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $637,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,524,000 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, pilot scale evaluations were completed which determined the fate of 18
water soluble azo dyes in the activated sludge process.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,776,300 supported by 87.5 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,615,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,160,900 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $120,300 and a decrease of $417,300, respectively,
and no change in total workyears. The increase in the Salaries and Expenses ap-
propriation reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for this program.
The decrease in the Research and Development appropriation reflects a reduction in
funding for the purchase of equipment using Research and Development funds as
authorized by Congress in the Agency's 1988 Appropriation Bill and the expected
completion of several test method protocols in 1988. These funds have been re-
directed to other high priority research activities in 1989.
Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies. This research will con-
tinue to develop and evaluate test methods for defining toxicity of chemicals to
aquatic (freshwater and marine), avian, and terrestrial species. Methods will be
developed, validated, and evaluated for environmental toxicity testing. This
research improves the Agency's ability to relate single species and microcosm data
to actual ecosystem effects and to relate observed effects on one species to prob-
able effects on other species.
Perform Ecological Research Including Transport, Fate and Field Validation.
This research effort will provide support for the TSCA PMN process and Section 4
test rule development through studies of toxicity, and fate and transport of chemi-
cals in aquatic, terrestrial and air environments. Methods will be developed for
determining exposure, including comparative evaluation of models, preparing refer-
ences on process descriptions and referring rate constants for use in models.
Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data. This research will develop
and evaluate structure activity relationships as predictors of chemicals fate and
biological effects. Results of this research will provide a quick method for
predicting effects of new chemicals submitted under TSCA Section 5 by using
existing data for chemicals of similar structure.
Perform Research on_Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents"! This research will develop methods, analytical techniques and testing
protocols for estimating survival, fate and effects of genetically altered microbes
and the stability within their genetic pool. Research will also determine the
probable hazards associated with modified microbes used in testing or proposed for
industrial application. This information will aid OTS in reviewing PMN applications
TS-18
-------
for products of biotechnology. Adequate methodologies for evaluating such organisms
do not currently exist.
Perform Studies on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols.This researchwillfocusonthedevelopmentof environmentalrisk
assessment methodologies for toxics by mathematically integrating exposure and
hazardous assessment data to determine the probability of risk to important popu-
lations. Aquatic and terrestrial exposure assessment data for risk and hazard
assessment models will be field tested to verify their accuracy in determining
ecosystem stability and recovery potential. Availability of environmental risk
methods will substantially improve the Agency's ability to regulate chemicals under
Sections 4 and 5 of TSCA.
Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities. Environmental process efforts
will support OTS on complex problems associated with the evaluations of PMN chemi-
cals, including products of biotechnology.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,073,300 supported by 87.5
total workyears for this program, of which $5,495,100 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $4,578,200 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation. This program is developing test methods in support of TSCA Section 4
guidelines, conducting research on transport, fate and field validation, and de-
veloping structure-activity relationships data. Work is also being performed on
the development of environmental risk assessment methods, as well as research to
determine the environmental effects of genetically engineered organisms.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $10,696,500 supported by 88.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $5,150,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,545,600 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, forty research reports supporting TSCA activities and decisions were
released on topics including methods and hazard assessment, transport, fate and
exposure assessment, structure activity relationships, system level effects, com-
parative toxicology, biotechnology and ecological risk assessments.
TS-19
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance TS-21
Asbestos-1n-Schools Loans and Grants....t TS-23
Asbestos-1n-Schools Program Administration -TS-24
Asbestos-1n-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification TS-25
Toxic Substances Strategies TS-26
Chemical Testing TS-29
Existing Chemical Review TS-30
New Chemi cal Revl ew TS-32
OPTS - Title III TS-34
TS-20
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Asbestos-In-Schools -
Loans And Grants
Abatement Control and $41,896.2 $37,600.0 $37,600.0 -$37,600.0
Compliance
TOTAL $41,896.2 $37,600.0 $37,600.0 -$37,600.0
Asbestos-In-Schools -
Program Administration
Salaries & Expenses $495.8 $543.5 $538.9 $538.9 $559.2 $20.3
Abatement Control and $7,931.4 $2,020.0 $3,623.2 $3,623.2 $2,020.0 -$1,603.2
. Compliance
y> TOTAL $8,427.2 $2,563.5 $4,162.1 $4,162.1 $2,579.2 -$1,582.9
ro
^ Asbestos-In-Schools -
Contractor And
Certification Program
Abatement Control and $595.4 $800.0 $800.0 $800.0 $800.0
Compliance
TOTAL $595.4 $800.0 $800.0 $800.0 $800.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $495.8 $543.5 $538.9 $538.9 $559.2 $20.3
Abatement Control and $50,423.0 $2,820.0 $42,023.2 $42.023.2 $2,820.0-$39,203.2
Compliance
Toxic Substances - TOTAL $50,918.8 $3,363.5 $42,562.1 $42,562.1 $3,379.2-$39,182.9
Financial Assistance
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance
CO
ro
ro
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-Schools -
Program Administration
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-Schools -
Program Administration
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
10.2 11.0
10.2 11.0
10.6 11.0
10.6 11.0
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
REQUEST
1989
11.0
n.n
11.0
11.0
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198
.1
.1
.1
.1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,379,200 supported by 11.0 total workyears
in 1989, a decrease of $39,182,900 and an increase of 0.1 total workyears from
1988. Of the total requested, $559,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,820,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This is an increase of $20,300 in Salaries and Expenses and a
decrease of $39,203,200 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program'Description
The major programs under this subactivity include:
Asbestos-in-Schools'Loans and'Grants This program provides financial
assistance to public and private schools with demonstrated financial need and severe
asbestos hazards for purposes of undertaking asbestos abatement projects. Funding
for this program is authorized under the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act
(ASHAA) of 1984. The program will also provide grants to the States to assist in
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) responsibilities.
Asbestos-in-Schools Program'Administration This program administers the
financial assistance provided through grant or loan awards as authorized under
ASHAA. In addition, this program also provides technical assistance to individuals
and organizations interested in addressing asbestos hazards under AHERA. Activi-
ties include providing technical guidance and advice (primarily through EPA re-
gional offices); working with States to develop State certification programs which
meet the model program requirements under AHERA for asbestos abatement contractors,
inspectors and management planners; and updating technical information and model
planning materials.
Asbestos-in-Schools'Contractor'and'Inspector'Certification This program
provides one-time grants to States to pass enabling legislation and/or establish
asbestos abatement contractor, asbestos inspector and management planner certifica-
tion/accreditation and training programs.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS-LOANS'AND'GRANTS
1989ProgramRequest
No funds are requested for this program in 1989. Previous Federal funding
has already greatly reduced the problem. In addition, many States have initiated
active asbestos management or contractor accreditation programs for schools and
should be able to continue these activities.
1988'Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating $37,600,000 for this program, all of which
is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. In 1988, the Agency
expects to provide funds for previously identified high priority asbestos abatement.
projects in schools. Up to $15,000,000 will be used for grants to States to assist
schools in the implementation of new AHERA requirements which become effective in
1988 and continue into 1989.
TS-23
-------
Abatement and Control
-------
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $41,896,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
The Agency issued funds to 168 public school districts or private schools for
729 asbestos abatement projects in 422 schools. These projects should be completed
by 1989. In total, $134,200,000 has been provided since the summer 1985 to fund
1,567 projects in 1,057 needy schools. These EPA-funded projects will eliminate
approximately 11.2 million exposure hours to students and employees each week.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,579,200 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $559,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,020,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $20,300 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $1,603,200 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and an increase of 0.1 total workyears from 1988. The increases in.Salaries and
Expenses and total workyears reflect a minor readjustment of resources within the
overall Toxic Substances program. The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects a reduced need for activities associated with the Asbestos School Hazard
Abatement Act (ASHAA).
This program will continue to focus on Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response.Act
(AHERA) implementation in 1989. Emphasis will be on providing technical assistance
and guidance to States and LEAs on implementation of management plans which are
required to be implemented by July 1989. Course approvals for accreditation of
asbestos abatement inspectors, contractors and others will also continue. Technical
assistance grants will provide for American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
personnel to respond to regional requests for help; to conduct abatement inspections
of ASHAA projects; offer counseling for unfunded ASHAA projects; and to help non-
school building owners evaluate asbestos containing materials (ACM) in their
facilities and establish abatement priorities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,162,100 supported by 10.9
total workyears for this program, of which $538,900 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,623,200 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is implementing a wide variety of programs to: (1) assist States
and schools in complying with the new regulatory.standards on asbestos inspection,
control, and abatement, (2) help States establish accreditation programs which
govern asbestos inspections, management planning, and response actions, and (3)
provide compliance assistance to enable schools to develop appropriate, responsible
management plans under AHERA. Further, the Agency is continuing its general techni-
cal assistance program for schools and other building owners which includes informa-
tion and training centers, new guidance and model course development, and technical
assistance and outreach at the Regional level. A rule is also being proposed to
regulate transport and disposal of asbestos for schools under AHERA. The program
is continuing to examine the issue of asbestos in public buildings.
TS-24
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,427,200 supported by 10.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $495,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,931,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency provided a wide variety of technical assistance .services and new
guidance materials, primarily to schools to promote effective remedial actions for
asbestos and to strengthen education and technical assistance programs at the State
and local levels. EPA published final rules to implement the AHERA legislation in
October 1987, and developed a model accreditation program and courses as a guide to
the States for people who inspect for asbestos, develop management plans, and
conduct abatement work.
Under ASHAA, EPA administered the Loan and Grant program including the
monitoring of existing awardees and the close-out of completed abatement projects.
Eight information and training centers or satellites were funded to provide infor-
mation concerning the identification and abatement of asbestos hazards and to train
contractors and supervisors in proper abatement techniques. In addition, an
efficacy study on asbestos removal was conducted, the usefulness of contractor
training in ASHAA abatements was examined, and the issue of asbestos in public
buildings was examined through a case study and panel reviews.
ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS CONTRACTOR AND INSPECTOR CERTIFICATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $800,000 for this program, all of which will be
for the Abatement, Control and Comp'liance appropriation. This represents no change
from 1988.
In 1989 funds will be used for one-time grants to States for asbestos
inspector and management planner certification and training programs. The grants
will continue to help States pass legislation and establish programs under AHERA.
Eleven additional States will receive grants to bring the proficiency of the State
inspector and management planner program up to par with the State abatement
contractor program.
1988 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $800,000 for this program, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds will be used
for grants to States for inspector certification and training programs which are
based on -accreditation plans at least as stringent as the EPA model plan published
in April 1987.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $595,400 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Grants were targeted for five States 1n 1987 for inspector and management
planner certification and training programs. Six additional States were awarded
grants for development of abatement Contractor training and certification programs.
In 1987, 25 States had active asbestos abatement certification and training pro-
grams. Twelve States were identified for awards to assist Local Education Agencies
(LEAs) in conducting inspections for asbestos-containing materials under AHERA.
TS-25
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
ro
ot
Chemical Testing
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
Existing Chemical
Rev1ew
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
New Chemical Review
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
OPTS - TITLE III
Salaries * Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Strategies
$4,129.9 $4,302.1 $4,304.4 $4,304.4 $4,221.7
$3,971.0 $3,725.3 $3,725.3 $3,725.3 $3,725.3
TOTAL $8,100.9 $8,027.4 $8,029.7 $8,029.7 $7,947.0
$6,256.3 $5,741.3 $5,491.4 $5,491.4 $5,317.6
$8,107.6 $6,104.8 $6,104.8 $5,904.8 $5,904.8
TOTAL $14,363.9 $11,846.1 $11,596.2 $11,396.2 $11,222.4
$11,668.9 $12,323.2 $11,987.5 $11,987.5 $12,769.4
$8,610.5 $8,837.1 $8,837.1 $8,837.1 $8.837.1
TOTAL '$20,279.4 $21,160.3 $20,824.6 $20,824.6 $21,606.5
$2,142.3 $2,142.3 $2,442.8
$5,854.1 $6,054.1 $7,554.1
-$82.7
-$82.7
-$173.8
-$173.8
$781.9
$781.9
$300.5
$1,500.0
TOTAL
$22,055.1
$20,689.1
$7,996.4 $8,196.4 $9,996.9 $1,800.5
$22,366.6 $23,925.6 $23,925.6 $24,751.5 $825.9
$18,667.2 $24,521.3 $24,521.3 $26,021.3 $1,500.0
TOTAL $42,744.2 $41,033.8 $48,446.9 $48,446.9 $50,772.8 $2,325.9
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
ro
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Rev1 ew
New Chemical Review
OPTS - TITLE III
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Rev1 ew
New Chemical Review
OPTS - TITLE III
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
76.5 84.0
107.8 123.6
243.7 247.6
428.0 455.2
78.5 84.0
112.5 123.6
255.9 247.6
446.9 455.2
ENACTED
1988 E
THOUSANDS)
84.0
123.6
247.6
34.5
489.7
84.0-
123.6
247.6
34.5
489.7
CURRENT
STIMATE
1988
83.0
117.1
244.5
33.9
478.5
83.0
117.1
244.5
34.5
479.1
REQUEST
1989 1
191
79.0
110.0
252.6
37.4
479.0
79.0
110.0
252.6
37.4
479.0
INCREASE
DECREASE
89 VS 198
-4.0
-7.1
8.1
3.5
.5
-4.0
-7.1
8.1
2.9
-.1
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Strategies
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $50,772,800 supported by 479.0 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $2,325,900 and a decrease of 0.1 total workyears from
1988. Of the request, $24,751,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $26,021,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion. This is an increase of $825,900 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and an increase of $1,500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program Description
The program areas under this subactivity include:
Chemical Testing The Chemical Testing program is the focal point for
developing and accumulating data on existing chemicals. Section 4 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) allows EPA to require testing of specific chemicals
or mixtures when data are insufficient to determine health and environmental
effects. This testing decision is based on a determination that a chemical may
pose an unreasonable risk or that it is produced in substantial quantities which
may result in significant human exposure or environmental release.
EPA must respond within one year to the Interagency Testing Committee's (ITC)
lists of chemicals designated for priority testing consideration. EPA also uses
Section 4 to require testing on other chemicals of concern to the Agency. The
testing program emphasizes the importance of obtaining good quality test data as
quickly as possible and uses a negotiated approach to testing wherever possible.
This requires the publication of acceptable test methodologies, as well as conduct-
ing laboratory/data audits to ensure the data can be used for regulatory purposes.
Existing Chemical Review The Existing Chemical Review program encompasses
chemicals in commerce when TSCA was passed and all new chemicals manufactured since
then. There are approximately 66,000 chemicals now listed on the TSCA Inventory of
Chemical Substances. The goal of the program is to reduce significant risks to
society from these chemicals. To accomplish this EPA: (1) looks at known informa-
tion on existing chemicals, (2) determines whether there might be a problem
associated with the chemical, (3) assesses the magnitude of the problem, (4) iden-
tifies a solution, and (5) translates the solution into action. This process of
evaluating a chemical's risk as it moves through the review cycle is referred to
as the existing chemical program.
TSCA authority over existing chemicals is broad. It includes Section 8, which
permits us to gather information which is already available to manufacturers and
processors; Section 6, which allows us to control a chemical at any stage in its
life cycle or ban it completely; and Section 9, which provides for formal referral
of a chemical to another regulatory Agency. The significant new use provisions of
Section 5, as well as nonregulatory chemical advisories, are also used to address
certain existing chemical problems. TSCA authorities are also useful tools to
apply to cross-media existing chemical problems.
New Chemical Review The New Chemical Review program reflects the preventive
philosophy of TSCA by reviewing potential effects of all new chemicals before they
are manufactured or imported. Manufacturers and importers are required to submit a
90-day advance notification of intent to manufacture or import a new chemical
substance. The objective of the program is to review all new chemical notices and
take prompt action on those that require additional data or pose concerns poten-
tially warranting control. Section 5(h)(4) allows EPA to exclude low risk chemicals
TS-28
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from full review requirements. Section 5(a)(2) authorizes EPA to track new
chemicals that might be of concern based on intended usage or significant increases
in the volume of production. The new chemical review program also covers geneti-
cally engineered organisms submitted under premanufacture notices (PMNs).
EPA imposes or negotiates a variety of control actions on new chemicals of
concern. These include issuance of Section 5(e) and 5(f) orders to control or
prohibit manufacture of the chemical or withdraw them from the market. Section
5(e) orders are issued when available data are inadequate to evaluate the health
and environmental risks posed by a new chemical and when the chemical "may present"
an unreasonable risk or will be produced in substantial quantity and will have
substantial human exposure or environmental release. The majority of these orders
are made with the consent of the producer and result in limited manufacture of the
substance until more definitive information is obtained. The authority of Section
5(f) is invoked when a chemical is found to present an unreasonable risk. In some
cases these findings lead to an immediately effective Section 6(a) rule banning
production of the chemical.
Title III - Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 established requirements for Federal, State, and local governments and industry
regarding emergency planning and community right-to-know reporting on hazardous and
toxic chemicals. The purpose is to increase the public's awareness of and access
to information on the presence of hazardous chemicals and routine releases of these
chemicals into the environment. EPA is required to establish and make publicly
available an inventory of toxic chemical emissions for facilities falling under
Standard Industrial Codes (SIC) 20-39. The Agency must collect toxic chemical
release forms on over 300 chemicals or chemical compounds annually reflecting
releases during each preceding calendar year. These data will provide a valuable
source of information to Federal programs, States, localities and Individuals
involved in doing site-specific risk assessments.
CHEMICAL TESTING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,947,000 supported by 79.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $4,221,700 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,725,300 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $82,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of 4.0 total workyears. The decreases reflect the
completion of the majority of Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) testing actions
pending from previous years.
In 1989, testing actions are planned on 16 chemicals. These actions include
publication of initial decisions on four chemicals of the 21st and 22nd ITC lists,
four post-initial testing actions, and eight final test rules. By the end of 1989,
final test rules will have been promulgated on 33 ITC chemicals; only 11 ITC desig-
nations are still awaiting final response. The Agency will also begin test data
development on the 23rd and 24th ITC lists, including publication of Section 8
information gathering rules.
In 1989, the Agency will begin to implement an important non-ITC initiative,
that is, filling identified data gaps on the Superfund Amendments and Reauthori-
zation Act of 1986 (SARA) Section 110 chemicals. Section 110 of SARA indicates
that where feasible, TSCA and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA) be used to require industry to test chemicals to fill data gaps identi-
fied in the toxicological profiles. Toxicological profiles will be prepared and
published in early 1988 on the first group of 25 chemicals. Each profile will
identify multiple gaps where adequate health effects data are incomplete or totally
lacking. A generic TSCA Section 4 test rule designed to efficiently fill certain
of these data gaps is planned for promulgation early in 1989. During 1989 the Agency
TS-29
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plans to utilize this rule to have data developed by Industry on selected chemicals.
The Agency will continue work on several other non-ITC actions. Test guidelines to
support the testing program will continue at the 1988 level.
1988"Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,029,700 supported by 83.0
total workyears for this program, of which $4,304,400 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,725,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
In 1988, the ITC testing program includes publication of initial testing
decisions on three chemicals from the 19th and 20th ITC lists. Another 15 testing
actions are being issued, 12 of which are final rules requiring testing to begin.
The non-ITC program will include a proposed generic test rule to facilitate
testing of SARA Section 110 chemicals, a final test rule for the Office of Solid
Waste to obtain health effects and chemical fate data on approximately 40 chemicals
to support RCRA land disposal decisions, and continued work on several other non-
ITC chemicals. Two new test guidelines are expected to result from this effort.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,100.900 supported by 78.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $4,129,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,971,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
During 1987, testing actions were taken on a total of 22 chemicals. Initial
decisions Included two chemicals on the 18th ITC list; testing was proposed on
both. Post-initial and final decisions included 16 actions: one proposed, 14
final, and one enforceable consent order. Non-ITC testing actions resulted in four
rules: a proposed test rule covering 77 chemicals to support land ban decisions
under RCRA; a proposed and final test rule to obtain oncogenicity data on 2-ethyl-
hexanol; and a final test rule on dioxin and dibenzofurans in response to a TSCA
Section 21 petition.
Six new test guidelines were published in 1987. To date, a total of 101 test
guidelines have been developed covering 119 methodologies. The annual review of
test guidelines resulted in the publication of 37 final test guidelines.
EXISTING'CHEHICAL- REVIEW
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,222,400 supported by 110.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $5,317,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,904,800 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents a decrease of $173,800 for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and a
decrease of 7.1 total workyears. The decreases reflect programmatic improvements
resulting from the Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR), a reduction
in the number of preliminary risk assessments, and a shifting of resources to the
new chemical program.
In 1989, the TSCA Existing Chemical Review program will continue to support
through its varied authorities a broad based, Federal network of existing chemicals
programs. Section 8 and Section 5(a) of TSCA provide extensive authority to collect
existing data from industry, and the Agency will propose or finalize nine such data
TS-30
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collection rules in 1989. Some of these rules, particularly the Section 8
-------
During 1987, 75 chemicals were reviewed in the Existing Chemicals Program.
As a result, 12 chemicals were referred to risk management, 6 chemicals were
referred for information gathering, 13 chemicals required no further action and 44
were designated for further review and/or risk management activities. Significant
accomplishments under Section 8 include promulgation of the Section 8(d) outreach
rule which will provide information on 102 chemicals for EPA and the Consumer
Product Safety Commission (CPSC), and the proposal or finalization of eight Section
5(a) significant new use rules.
Risk evaluation activities included the initiation of preliminary risk
assessments on 18 chemicals and detailed risk assessments on 3 chemicals. Risk
management included two proposed rulemakings on PCBs and the issuance of a policy
statement on PCS spills clean-up. The Asbestos Worker Protection and Training Rule
was promulgated in 1987. The Agency issued a chemical advisory on the use of
nitropropane.
The Agency began a new activity in 1987 which focused on risk communication
through the development of the Chemical Assessment Desk. The Chemical Assess-
ment Desk provided written responses to 105 chemical-specific questions from
Regional offices, other EPA offices and Federal agencies, State and local govern-
ments, and non-government organizations, companies and private citizens.
The existing chemicals program was also responsible in 1987 for investigating
the first priority list of 25 hazardous substances which will result in subsequent
detailed toxicological profiles as part of an agreement with the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
NEW CHEMICAL"REVIEW
1989'Program Request . .
The Agency requests a total of $21,606,500 supported by 252.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,769,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $8,837,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation. This represents an increase of $781,900 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, no change in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
and an increase of 8.1 total workyears. The increases will support the expanding
biotechnology program.
In 1989, the Agency will maintain an effective new chemical review program to
ensure that any unreasonable health and environmental risks are addressed before a
new chemical enters the marketplace. Approximately 3,000 new chemical notices are
expected, an increase of 152 over 1988. About 260 of these new chemicals will
require detailed review resulting in testing, exposure controls, or withdrawal by
the manufacturer. Agency concerns which cannot be resolved through negotiation
will be addressed through formal Section 5(e) or 5(f) orders.
With the promulgation of the expedited follow-up Significant New Use Rule
(SNUR). in 1988, a more efficient follow-up program will be in place. Compared to
previous years, we will be able to subject more new chemicals to significant new
use criteria. This generic approach represents a significant step in protecting
health and the environment. We will receive test studies as a result of Section
5{e) consent orders with testing triggers prompting EPA actions to: 1) modify/revoke
terms of the consent order, 2) leave the consent in place under the same conditions,
or 3) ban/cease manufacture.
Biotechnology manufacture notices will increase in 1989. A minimum of 35-50
notices is expected, or double the level expected in 1988. These reviews are
complex and require a substantial amount of interdisciplinary scientific and
technical expertise to complete a thorough evaluation. In 1989, the biotechnology
TS-32
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program will promulgate three rules implementing review and reporting under TSCA.
They include a Section 8 reporting rule covering releases of living organisms to
the environment, a Section 5 SNUR for pathogens, and a modification of the Section
5(h)(3) research and development (R&D) exemption. A Section 5(h)(4) exemption
rule will be proposed for contained and/or closed system uses of microorganisms
which will not present unreasonable risks. The Agency will continue to work closely
with other Federal agencies, scientific groups, public interest groups, and
international organizations concerned with biotechnology issues.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $20,824,600 supported by 244.5
total workyears for this program, of which $11,987,500 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $8,837,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency is subjecting all new chemical notices to a thorough review and
taking action to control unreasonable health and environmental risks wherever
necessary. We anticipate receiving 2,600 new chemical notices in the course of the
year, a 13% increase in workload from 1987. About 230 of the new chemicals require
some form of control (i.e., testing, exposure^ controls, withdrawal). Test data has
begun to arrive as a result of Section 5(e) actions and voluntary industry compli-
ance, necessitating Agency review. We are finalizing the expedited new chemical
follow-up rule and are subjecting new chemicals with Section 5(e) actions to follow
up reporting requirements using that rule. The Agency also intends to publish a
final rule implementing a user fee for new chemical reviews.
The total number of biotechnology notices has significantly increased since
1987. We expect to receive a total of 15-20 biotechnology notices this year,
which will each require complex interdisciplinary scientific and technical review.
Biotechnology activities also include three proposed rules: a Section 8 reporting
rule covering releases of living organisms to the environment, a Section 5(a)
SNUR for pathogens, and modification of the Section 5(h)(3) R&D exemption. We
are continuing to work closely with other parties to provide for the coordinated
review of biotechnology substances.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $20,279,400 supported by 255.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $11,668,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $8,610,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
Receipt of new chemical notices reached a high of 2,298, and control actions
were taken on 200 chemicals. EPA continued to monitor new chemicals that might
have been of concern if their uses changed, or if production volumes significantly
increased from those estimated during their Initial review. A procedural rule for
expedited new chemical follow-up was proposed. This rule reduced the need for
chemical-spedfie SNURs while increasing the number of chemicals subject to follow-
up. The Agency also published a proposed rule to implement a user fee for new
chemical reviews.
The Agency received seven TSCA biotechnology PMNs. These first reviews under
TSCA resulted in the issuance of one Section 5(e) Consent order. Three of the
notices were granted, and the remaining three were designated for further review.
The TSCA biotechnology program continued to be closely coordinated with other
Federal agencies, the private sector, and international organizations.
TS-33
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TITLE III
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,996,900 supported by 37.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,442,800 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $7,554,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents increases of $300,500 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
$1,500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation, and an increase of
2.9 total workyears. The increases reflect expanded efforts to process industry
data submitted pursuant to new statutory requirements.
In 1989, the first hazardous chemical release information gathered under SARA
Section 313 will be available to the public. Emissions reports received in 1988
will be made available and work will continue on the second cycle of reports for
1988 emissions. In the second cycle, we estimate receiving at least 300,000
emissions reports. As in 1988, work to improve the overall quality of the data
will continue as omissions and obvious errors in reporting are corrected. The
Agency will also continue working with States to develop programs capable of
analyzing and interpreting the emissions data on a local site-specific level.
The Regions will continue to disseminate information and provide training on
reporting requirements concentrating on companies with the most potential for signi-
ficant emissions. The Regions will also serve as the key resource in preventing
misuse and misunderstanding of emissions data.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,196,400 supported by 34.5
total workyears for this program, of which $2,142,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $6,054,100 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.
The Agency published the Section 313 emissions inventory rule in January 1988.
The Agency expects to receive 300,000 reports on 1987 emissions, although there is
uncertainty about industry's response rate and ability to meet the reporting dead-
line because of the complexity of Section 313 reporting requirements. We are
processing the emissions reports in the last quarter of 1988 and expect to make
the 1987 data publicly available by mid-1989. Our highest priority is to process
the emissions reports into the public data base. The program is conducting a
processing operation to resolve obvious errors and omissions before the data are
entered into the data base. Some detailed quality control checks are planned to
improve the overall emissions data quality. Quality control efforts will also help
us to determine if revisions to the reporting requirements are necessary. Tech-
nical assistance will be provided to assist the public in understanding emissions
data.
The Regions have a major role in implementing Section 313. They are continuing
to provide technical assistance and guidance to industry in complying with require-
ments under Section 313. In addition, the Regions are working through State and
local groups to conduct seminars about Title III and to develop training programs
to help industry properly complete the emissions report form, an important part of
our overall data quality plan.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,079,100 supported by 2.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
TS-34
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In 1987, Agency accomplishments included meeting a wide variety of
responsibilities as mandated under Title III of SARA. These included meeting
statutory deadlines for the promulgation of the proposed emissions reporting rule
under Section 313; developing technical guidance on estimating toxic releases;
reviewing four petitions for adding or deleting chemicals from the list of chemicals
subject to reporting; and completing other analyses. In addition, the Agency
initiated contact with groups interested in Title III such as States, environmental
groups, and the regulated community in order to inform them about the requirements
for reporting, and the potential impact of the law. These contacts were organized,
coordinated, and conducted by Regional and Headquarters staff. They included an
extensive mailing of a brochure on the law, public meetings, and workshops for
industry. The program also provided technical support to OSWER and OGC in their
rulemaking and outreach activities under Sections 302, 304, 311, 312, 322 and 323.
TS-35
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ENFORCEMENT
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-36
Toxic Substances Enforcement TS-39
Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants TS-41
OPTS Enforcement - Title III TS-42
TS-36
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
ACTUAL BUDGET . ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
CO
co
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Toxic Substances
Enforcement Grants
Abatement Control and
Compliance
$6.759.8 $7.697.9 $7.690.3 $7,690.3 $7,988.6 $298.3
$1,832.5 $2,015.5 $2,015.5 $2,015.5 $2,015.5
TOTAL $8,592.3 $9,713.4 $9,705.8 $9,705.8 $10,004.1 $298.3
$2,241.7 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $2,200.0
TOTAL $2,241.7 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $2,200.0 $2.200.0
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
$6.759.8 $7.697.9 $7.690.3 $7,690.3 $7,988.6 $298.3
$4,074.2 $4,215.5 $4,215.5 $4,215.5 $4,215.5
TOTAL $10,834.0 $11,913.4 $11,905.8 $11,905.8 $12,204.1 $298.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances
Enforcement
155.7
180.9
180.9
176.2
184.3
8.1
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
155.7
180.9
180.9
176.2
184.3
8.1
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I
CO
CO
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE*
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Toxic Substances 166.1 180.9 180.9 184.3 184.3
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS 166.1 180.9 180.9 184.3 184.3
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,204,100 and 184.3 total workyears for 1989,
an Increase of $298,300 and no change In workyears from 1988. Of the request,
$7,988,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and $4,215,500
will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. This represents
an Increase of $298,300 In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, and no change
In the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
Program"DescM ptlon
The program areas under this subactivlty are:
Toxic'Substances' Enforcement The toxic substances enforcement program
ensures compliance with the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and related rules
and regulations. The Regional offices Inspect facilities that manufacture, process,
distribute, use or dispose of new or specifically regulated chemicals. Regional
staff provide technical assistance to the regulated community in complying with
applicable TSCA regulations, and prepare and Issue notices of violation and admin-
istrative orders.
Headquarters Is responsible for the overall management of the national toxic
substances compliance monitoring program. Headquarters provides support 1n the
development of new TSCA regulations to assure that they are efficient and equitable
from an enforcement viewpoint, develops enforcement response policies and compli-
ance monitoring strategies for each new rule, and provides compliance assistance
and technical support to case development and prosecution activities. Headquarters
also manages the laboratory data Integrity program. This program Involves Inspec-
tions of laboratories that perform chemical and environmental testing, and In-depth
audits of test studies submitted to the Agency pursuant to TSCA and Federal Insect-
icide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) testing rules.
Toxlc SubstancesEnforcement Grants This program funds cooperative
agreements with State agencies to develop and operate toxic substances compliance
monitoring programs in the area of existing chemicals control. The program permits
wider coverage of the regulated community without requiring additional Federal
personnel.
TOXIC' SUBSTANCES' ENFORCEMENT
1989"Program"Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,004,100 and 184.3 total workyears for this
program, of which $7,988,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,015,500 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $298,300 for Salaries and Expenses, no change
in Abatement, Control and Compliance and no change in total workyears. The increase
in Salaries and Expenses reflects Increased personnel costs.
In 1989, Regional personnel will conduct compliance inspections and provide
case development specifically targeted at PCB. disposal sites and broker/trans-
porter/storer facilities. The Regions will conduct compliance Inspections 1n
support of existing TSCA rules, although many PCB Inspections and most asbestos-
in-schools compliance inspections will be conducted either under contract or
through enforcement agreements with cooperating State agencies. Regional staff
TS-39
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will participate in the laboratory data Integrity program by conducting good lab-
oratory practices (GLP) Inspections at laboratories that perform toxic substances
testing. Inspections in support of the PCB ban, marking and disposal rules will
continue to receive strong emphasis. The Regional offices will also conduct com-
pliance Inspections In support of Section 5 new chemical regulations, Section 8
reporting rules, Section 12 export requirements and Section 13 Import requirements.
Headquarters manages the national toxic substances enforcement program through
guidance to and periodic reviews of Regional programs, Including on-site program
evaluations. Headquarters also manages a cooperative agreement with the American
Association of Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance monitoring Inspections
in support of the asbestos-in-schools rule and exercises overall authority 1n
conducting the Agency's laboratory data Integrity program. EPA will continue to
conduct full-scale audits of completed test studies submitted to the Agency,
and Inspections of testing laboratories to verify compliance with good laboratory
practices. Both the Regions and Headquarters will also prepare and Issue notices
of violation and administrative orders and will provide technical assistance
and support as necessary to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring
(OECM) in the prosecution of civil and criminal cases.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $9,705,800 and 184.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $7,690,300 Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,015,500 is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation.
The Regions are conducting Inspection programs to determine compliance with
TSCA rules and providing assistance to firms seeking to comply voluntarily with
TSCA requirements, or who wish to take remedial actions to achieve compliance.
The Regional offices are preparing and Issuing notices of violation and administra-
tive orders, and developing and prosecuting cases when compliance is not achieved.
Oversight of the cooperative enforcement agreement program, review and approval of
PCB landfills and unique-design stationary PCB Incinerators, and PCB site disposal
monitoring are also responsibilities of the regional offices.
In addition to providing overall program guidance and management, Headquarters
is managing the laboratory data integrity program and conducting audits of test
studies submitted to the Agency under TSCA testing rules. Headquarters staff
are managing the AARP cooperative agreement that supports compliance monitoring
inspections under the asbestos-1n-schools program. Headquarters is also partici-
pating in regulation development directed by the Office of Toxic Substances, and
preparing enforcement response policies and compliance monitoring strategies for
newly developed regulations.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,592,300 supported by 166.1 total
workyears for this program, of which $6,759,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,832,500 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.
In 1987 the program conducted compliance Inspections, data processing, and
scientific review of data audits. The Regional offices conducted compliance
Inspections 1n support of existing TSCA rules, with particular emphasis upon PCB
and asbestos-in-schools Inspections under Section 6. Upon detection of violations,
including those originating from State-conducted inspections, the Regional staffs
developed and prosecuted enforcement cases. The Agency issued administrative
orders in 1,051 cases, issued 2,276 notices of warning, and referred six civil
cases to the Department of Justice.
TS-40
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,200,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds will
support toxic substances compliance monitoring programs with an anticipated 21
participating States. The State programs will emphasize compliance monitoring of
chemical control rules, particularly for asbestos and PCBs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,200,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
support State-conducted toxic substances compliance monitoring programs in 21
States. (Additional participating States which have joined the cooperative enforce-
ment agreement program in 1988 are Idaho, Missouri, New Mexico and Vermont; Florida
has terminated its cooperative agreement.) These State programs focus upon Section
6 chemical control rules, particularly PCB and asbestos compliance monitoring.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,241,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation. These funds
supported State cooperative enforcement agreement programs in Arizona, California,
Connecticut, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, New Hampshire,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, Texas, West Virginia, Washington and
Wisconsin. These States conducted 877 asbestos-in-schools inspections and 1,143
PCB inspections.
TS-41
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TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS - Enforcement - Title III
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
OPTS - ENFORCEMENT -
TITLE III
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
$524.0 $524.0 $542.3 $18.3
Hi.soo.o $1,50o.n
$524.0 $524.0 $2,042.3 Hi,518.3
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compl1ance
$524.0 $524.0 $542.3 $18.3
$1,500.0 HI ,500.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS - ENFORCEMENT -
TITLE III
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
11.0
11.0
10.9
10.9
11.0
11.0
.1
.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS - ENFORCEMENT
TITLE III
11.0
11.0
11.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
11.0
11.0
11.0
-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
OPTS Title III Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,042,300 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,518,300 and no change 1n total workyears from 1988.
Of this amount, $542,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$1,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation,
Increases of $18,300 and $1,500,000 respectively.
Program Description
This subactlvity Includes the following:
OPTS Title III Enforcement This program ensures compliance with Section 313
of Title III of the Super fund Amendments and Reauthor1zat1on Act of 1986 (SARA).
Regional staff provide compliance assistance and training to the regulated Industry,
the States, and local authorities to assist them 1n complying with Title III
requirements. The Regional offices also Inspect chemical facilities to verify that
these facilities meet Title III requirements to report to local authorities, the
States, and EPA. Regional staff also develop enforcement actions when violations
are detected.
Headquarters Is responsible for the overall management of the national SARA
Title III compliance monitoring program. Headquarters personnel provide support in
the development of Title III regulations to assure that they are efficient and
equitable from an enforcement viewpoint, develop enforcement response policies and
compliance monitoring strategies for new rules, and provide assistance to case
development and prosecution activities.
OPTS TITLE III ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,042,300 supported by 11.0 total workyears
for this program, of which $542,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, and $1,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance approp-
riation. This represents an increase of $18,300 for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an increase of $1,500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total workyears. The Increase in Salaries and
Expenses reflects increased personnel costs. The Increase in Abatement, Control,
and Compliance represents the first time the Agency has requested such funding for
this program. This funding will provide computer support and a grant for contractor
Inspections through the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP).
In 1989, contractor personnel will Inspect chemical facilities that use,
manufacture or process potentially harmful chemicals to verify that such facilities
observe the reporting requirements of SARA Section 313. Section 313 requires
facilities to submit annual toxic chemical release forms to EPA and the State in
which the facility is located. Such forms list amounts of chemicals released Into
the environment during the preceding year. Since many such facilities are also
subject to the reporting'requirements of Sections 5, 8 and 13 of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act (TSCA), the regions will Integrate Title III inspections with
TSCA recordkeeping and reporting inspections where possible. The Regions will
develop appropriate enforcement actions in response to any violations of Title III
detected during these inspections.
TS-43
-------
In 1989, Headquarters staff will develop enforcement response policies.
compliance monitoring strategies, procedural manuals and guidance relating to
Section 313 of Title III. Headquarters personnel will also conduct case develop-
ment activities and will continue to oversee and provide assistance for Regional
case development. Other Headquarters activities will Include participation with
the Office of Toxic Substances 1n rulemaklng, and providing training to Regional
and contractor staff.
Headquarters will also establish a grant with the American Association of
Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance Inspections and provide paralegal
case development under SARA Title III. Such contractor support will enable the
Agency to reach a broader portion of the regulated community without Increasing
Federal staff. In addition, Headquarters will Implement a computer system to
target compliance Inspections. The computer system will cross-check production and
facility profile data to Identify facilities that might be expected to submit
reports under Section 313 but have not. Facilities with the highest potential for
failure to submit reports will be targeted for Inspections.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $524,000 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
Now that SARA Title III 1s enforceable, the Regions are developing their role
In providing compliance assistance to the regulated community, the States, and
local authorities. Compliance assistance Includes defining and Identifying the
regulated community, responding to Inquiries from Individual facilities or the
regulated Industry as a whole on enforcement requirements, providing training In
compliance matters to Industry, State or local representatives, and reviewing
and Implementing enforcement policies, strategies and Inspection procedures. The
Regions are also conducting a limited number of compliance Inspections, some of
which are Integrated with other Inspections under TSCA Sections 5, 8 and 13. The
Regions are also Implementing case development as violations are detected.
In 1988, Headquarters personnel are developing final enforcement response
policies and compliance monitoring strategies to accompany final rules developed by
the Office of Toxic Substances under Title III, and providing training for regional
personnel. Headquarters staff participate In regulation development to assure the
enforceabll1ty of new rules and to develop rules of practice. Other projects
are developing guidance documents, Inspection guidelines, procedural manuals and
other materials to Implement specific program activities. Finally, staff are
also conducting case development activities, and providing oversight and assistance
1n regional case development as Initial enforcement cases for this program begin
to appear. Considerable attention to and oversight of case development Is critical
for a newly enforceable program to provide program-wide consistency among cases
and to make precedent-setting determinations 1n cases of first Impression, thereby
assuring the Integrity of the national compliance monitoring effort.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,900 supported by no workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
During 1987, the first year 1n which Title III resources were available, the
Regions began providing compliance assistance to the regulated community, the
States, and local authorities 1n anticipation of the effective dates of various
portions of the statute. Headquarters personnel developed draft enforcement
response policies and compliance monitoring strategies corresponding to draft rules
under development in the Office of Toxic Substances, and provided Initial training
TS-44
-------
for regional personnel. Headquarters staff participated in regulation development
and began developing guidance documents, inspection guidelines, procedural manuals
and other materials to implement specific program activities.
TS-45
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ENERGY
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
ENERGY E-l
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Mul ti-Medi a Energy E-5
Acid Rain E-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology E-ll
Environmental Processes and Effects E-12
E-l
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ENERGY
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1989 VS 1988
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL, Energy
$5,500.0 $4,803.7 $5,368.0 $5,368.0 $5,278.3 -$89.7
$57,136.1 $50,915.1 $50,415.1. $50,252.3 $50,179.2 -$73.1
$62,636.1 $55,718.8 $55,783.1 $55,620.3 $55,457.5 -$162.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
78.0 82.6 102.6 79.0 74.6 -4.4
84.1 82.6 102.6 80.6 79.1 -1.5
$55,652.7 $58,538.5 $55,560.5 $55,398.3 $51,289.9 -$4,108.4
Authorization for Energy Is under the Environmental Research, Development
and Demonstration Act which expired September 30, 1981. Reauthorlzatlon 1s
pending.
-------
ENERGY
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The multi-media energy research and development program provides the
scientific Information necessary to evaluate environmental Impacts from and po-
tential controls on the energy sector (e.g., utilities, Industry, and automobiles).
This research program Is currently focused on two Issues: (1) reducing scientific
uncertainties surrounding the phenomenon of add deposition; and (2) developing
and evaluating Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) control technologies.
Acid Deposition
The acid deposition research program represents the Agency's part of the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), mandated by the Energy
Security Act of 1980 (Title VII of P.L. 96-294). The purpose of this research 1s
to increase understanding of the causes, effects, and potential mitigation measures
for add deposition. With more reliable information available to policy-makers,
more effective and cost-efficient mitigation decisions should be developed.
The 1989 research program emphasizes projects that will produce information
for the 1990 NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress on acid deposition. Research will
refine emissions inventories and air models on sulfur dioxides (SOg), nitrogen
oxides (NOX), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and alkaline materials. The advanc-
ed version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) will be evaluated, using
field data, to produce a model that can predict acid deposition levels from changes
in air emission levels. This program will continue to support the 150 station
National Trends Network (NTN) which monitors wet deposition and will expand the
dry deposition monitoring network to 75 operational stations with 55 stations
providing first year data.
Research into effects of acid deposition will continue in the aquatic,
terrestrial, and material areas. Research on aquatic effects will further develop
a national assessment on the damage to aquatic ecosystems caused by add deposition.
Emphasis will be placed on investigating the extent, duration, frequency, and
magnitude of episodic acidification events and on the Watershed Manipulation Pro-
ject (WMP). Research on terrestrial effects, coordinated with the U.S. Forest
Service, will emphasize research on evaluating competing hypotheses on the exact
effects on forests from acid deposition. Research will cover spruce-fir, southern
pine, eastern hardwoods, and western conifer forests. The mountain cloud chemistry/
forest exposure monitoring network will continue to provide data. Research on
material effects will focus on developing models to determine the damage to mater-
ials from add deposition.
Finally, research will develop some "cost of controls" to help evaluate
potential acid deposition control strategies.
LIMB Control Technology
The LIMB control technology program is designed to develop, demonstrate, and
evaluate effective and Inexpensive emission control systems that will reduce air
emissions of sulfur oxides (SO*) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from the flue gases
of pulverized coal-fired boilers. This research will provide data on the perfor-
mance, reliability, and cost-efficiency to accelerate commercial viability of
retrofit technologies for coal-fired boilers.
The 1989 research and development program will emphasize the completion of the
commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired LIMB technology and prepare for
the testing of the commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired LIMB
technology.
E-3
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Research
and Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
ENERGY
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Multi-Medla Energy E-5
Ac1 d Ra1 n E-10
Environmental Engineering and Technology E-ll
Environmental Processes and Effects E-12
E-4
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ENERGY
Multl-Media Energy
en
PROGRAM
Acid Rain - Multl -Media
- Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Multl -
Media - Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
4 Effects - Multl -
Media - Energy
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$4,257.
$49,615.
$53,873.
$1,242.
$7,290.
$8,532.
$230.
$230.
$5.500.
$57,136.
5
8
3
5
3
8
0
0
0
1
$4,726
$50,881
$55,608
$77
$33
$110
$4,803
$50,915
.7
.7
.4
.0
.4
.4
.7
.1
$4,356.
$47,881.
$52,238.
$1,011.
$2,533.
$3,544.
$5,368.
$50,415.
8
7
5
2
4
6
0
1
$4,356.
$47,745.
$52,102.
$1,011.
$2,506.
$3,517.
$5,368.
$50,252.
8
8
6
2
5
7
0
3
$4,245.
$47,745.
$51,990.
.
$1,033.
$2,433.
$3,466.
$5,278.
0
8
8
3
4
7
3
$50,179.2
-$111.8
-$111.8
$22.1
-$73.1
-$51.0
-$89.7
-$73.1
Multl-Media Energy
TOTAL $62,636.1 $55,718.8 $55,783.1 $55,620.3 $55,457.5 -$162.8
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ENERGY
Multi-Media Energy
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Acid Rain - Multi-Media
- Energy
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Multl -
Media - Energy
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
57.0
21.0
78.0
63.9
18.7
82.6
63.9
38.7
102.6
59.0
20.0
79.0
54.6
20.0
74.6
-4.4
-4.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Add Rain - Multi-Media
- Energy
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Multl -
Media - Energy
63.1 63.9 63.9 60.6 59.1 -1.5
21.0 18.7 38.7 20.0 20.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
84.1
82.6 102.6
80.6
79.1 -1.5
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ENERGY
Multi -media Energy
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1; Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources (Acid Rain)
1989; o Report and computer tape of 1985 air emissions inventory on S02 , NOX,
VOCS, and alkaline material for the 1990 NAPAP Assessment Report
1988; o Final 1985 air emissions inventory on S02, NO*, VOCS, and alkaline
material
1987: o Preliminary 1985 air emissions inventory on SOg, NOx, VOCS, and alkaline
material
Objective 2: Understand Atmospheric Processes (Acid Rain)
1989; o Report on the state-of-science of the Regional Acid Deposition Model
(RADM) with user's guide
1988: o Advanced version of RADM developed
1987: o Monitoring network established for field evaluation of RADM
Objective 3; Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases (Acid Rain)
1989: o Expand dry deposition monitoring network by 25 new sites (75 total sites)
First year data provided by 55 sites
1988: o Final report on the Pilot Snowfall Monitoring Study
1987: o Dry deposition monitoring network established with 50 total sites
Objective 4; Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects (Acid Rain)
1989; o Report on Direct/Delayed Response Program predictions for the northeast
and southern Blue Ridge province (Level III)
1988; o Report on temporal chemical variability in lakes within northeastern U.S.
o Regional case studies of surface water response characteristics
o Report on the Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S. Stream Survey
1987 o Report on the Western Lake Survey
Objective 5: Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects (Acid Rain)
1989; o Report on roles of sulfur and nitrogen in forest decline
1988; o Report on seedling exposure studies
o Evaluation of non-air pollution factors in growth reductions and visible
decline of forests
o Evaluation of the extent and magnitude of changes in forest conditions
E-7
-------
1987: o Annual Report on the Forest Response Program
o Report on the 1986 operations of the Mountain Cloud Chemistry Project
Objective 6; Understand and Quantify Materials and Cultural Resource Effects
(Acid Rain)
1989; o Field study report on add deposition damage function for metallic
materials
1988: o Report on field verification of the acid deposition damage function for
galvanized steel
1987; o Report on the laboratory study of acid deposition damage mechanisms for
galvanized steel
Objective 7; Evaluate Control Technologies (Add Rain)
1989; o Report on site-specific performance cost estimates of S02 and NOx
controls from 200 coal -fired power plants in the eastern U.S.
o Update on "generic costs" of reducing S02, NOX, and VOC air emissions
1988: o Interim Report on site-specific performance cost estimates of S02 and
controls from 50 coal-fired power plants 1n the eastern U.S.
1987; o Report on site-specific performance cost estimates of SO? and NOx con-
trols from 12 coal-fired power plants in Ohio, Kentucky and the Tennessee
Valley Authority system
Objective 8: Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology (Env Engineering)
1989; o Report on a commercial -scale demonstration of the wall -fired LIMB tech-
nology on controlling S02 and NOX air emissions from coal -fired utility
boilers
o Report on a pilot-scale characterization of the E-SOx process to control
S02 air emissions in retrofit coal -fired applications
o Report on fundamental studies to enhance the LIMB process to control S02
air emissions 1n retrofit coal-fired applications
1988: o Report on the technical and economic feasibility of the E-SOX process to
control SOX air emissions from existing coal-fired boilers
o Initiate testing of LIMB on a pilot-scale tangential-fired prototype
(60 megawatt) boiler
1987 o Report on the commercialization requirements for LIMB
Objective 9: Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development in Cold Climates (Env Process)
1987 o Final report on Cold Climate research program
E-8
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ENERGY
Multi-media Energy
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $55,457,500 supported by 79.1 total workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $162,800 and 1.5 total workyears from 1988. Of the
request, $5,278,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$50,179,200 will be for the Research and Development appropriation, a decrease
of $89,700 and $73,100, respectively.
Program Description
The multi-media energy research and development program provides the scientific
Information necessary to evaluate environmental Impacts from and potential controls
on the energy sector (e.g., utilities, industry, and automobiles). Research is
currently focused on two Issues: (1) reducing scientific uncertainties surrounding
acid deposition; and (2) developing and evaluating Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB) control technologies. Research on the first issue 1s coordinated
with the Interagency Task Force of the National Add Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP). Research on this Issue will emphasize Information needed for the
1990 NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress. The second research issue 1s conducted
in conjunction with the Department of Energy, which is responsible for the Federal
Clean Coal Technology Program. The following objectives define the Agency's energy
research and development activities:
Objective 1. Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. This research will
improve the understandingof the amount of and relationships among acid-forming
air emissions resulting from man's activities.
Objective 2. Understand Atmospheric Processes. This research will Improve
the capability to examine and predict the transport, chemical transformation, and
deposition processes of air masses.
Objective 3. Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. This research will
quantify wet and dry acid deposition levels to establish trends, provide inputs to
effects studies, and provide information for statistical analyses on source/receptor
relationships.
Objective 4. Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This research will
quantify theimpactsof acidification on representative aquatic ecosystems and
will develop appropriate mitigation techniques.
Objective 5. Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects. This research will
quantify the extent of acid deposition effects on plants (I.e., crops and forests),
develop quantitative cause and effect relationships, and predict the effects under
alternative deposition level scenarios.
Objective 6. Understand and Quantify Materials and Cultural Resource Effects.
This research will determine how materials are incrementally damaged from acid de-
positlon. This includes determining the materials at risk and differentiating
the effects of acid deposition from those of other sources of pollution.
Objective 7. Evaluate Control Technologies. This research will develop "cost
of control" data to help evaluate alternative add deposition control strategies.
This includes analyzing selected engineering technologies, their performance and
their costs.
E-9
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Objective 8. Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology. This research will
develop and evaluate air emission control technologies that will remove sulfur oxides
(SO*) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from flue gases of pulverized coal-fired boilers.
ACID RAIN
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $51,990,800 supported by 59.1 total workyears
for this research, of which $4,245,000 will be for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $47,745,800 will be for the Research and Development appropria-
tion. This represents a decrease of $111,800 1n the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and a decrease of 1.5 total workyears from 1988. These decreases reflect
completion of some projects within the terrestrial and aquatics effects research
areas.
Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources. This research will produce
estimates of major atmospheric acid-forming emissions resulting from man's activi-
ties and the relationships among these emissions. In 1989, research will Include:
(1) further development of air emission inventories and (2) further development of
a1r models specific to major source-sectors (e.g., utilities) to help evaluate
policy options and control strategies. This research will inventory data on SOX,
NOX, VOCs, and alkaline material air emissions for the Regional Acid Deposition
Model (RADM) and for determining trends in air emissions from 1985 to 1990.
Understand Atmospheric Processes. This research will improve understanding
of atmospheric processes Involved in acid deposition. Major areas of emphasis
will be on transport, physical and chemical transformation, and deposition process-
es of acid-forming pollutants in the atmosphere. Field data will be collected and
air models evaluated to better differentiate the contribution of local vs. distant
sources of acid-forming emissions. Knowledge of atmospheric processes coupled
with predictive models will enable policy officials to assess acid deposition
levels from changes in air emissions. In 1989, research will Include: (1) sensi-
tivity testing of the advanced version of RADM using monitoring data bases and (2)
evaluation and refinement of RADM using field data.
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases. This research will quantify wet
and dry deposition levels of acid-forming pollutants in the air to establish cause
and effect relationships of acid deposition. In 1989, research will Involve: (1)
further quantification of wet and dry deposition levels for effects studies and
for evaluating air models; (2) maintenance of the . 150 station National Trends
Network (NTN) for measuring wet add deposition; and (3) operation of 75 dry depos-
ition monitoring sites to develop base data and trends on dry deposition levels.
In 1989, 75 dry deposition stations will be operational with 55 stations producing
first year data.
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects. This research will begin to integrate
Information todevelopa nationalassessment of the damage to aquatic eco-
systems caused by acid deposition. In 1989, research will involve refining estim-
ates of aquatic ecosystem effects by examining the chemistry of small lakes and
streams not included in the National Surface Water Survey (NSWS). This refinement
will include examining the Importance of natural processes in acidifying surface
waters. A system for classifying surface waters at risk or damaged by acid deposi-
tion will be developed. Such a system, which predicts the number and area of sur-
face waters on a regional scale which could acidify under various scenarios, should
help policy officials understand how changes in add deposition levels could cause
changes to aquatic life. Regional rates of recovery that might result from changes
in acid deposition levels will also provide information for the 1990 NAPAP Assess-
ment Report.
E-10
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Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects. This research will focus on how
plants, primarily trees, respond chemically arid physically to acid deposition
through soils and surface waters. In 1989, research will focus on resolving compet-
ing hypotheses on forest damage by: (1) determining the extent and magnitude of
observed changes in forests; (2) determining forest areas sensitive to increased
atmospheric deposition levels; (3) conducting controlled exposure studies in the
laboratory and at field sites; (4) monitoring and analyzing cloud chemistry, pre-
cipitation and gaseous pollutants at high and low elevations; and (5) determining
linkages between aquatic and terrestrial systems. Research will be carried out on
spruce/fir, southern pine, eastern hardwoods, and weste'rn conifer forests.
Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural Resources. This
research will focus on how materials are incrementally damaged from acid deposition.
In 1989, major activities include: (1) developing models to determine the damage
to paint from acid deposition; (2) assessing the effects of acid deposition on the
service life of materials; and (3) identifying the micro/macro effects of acid de-
position on specific coating systems.
Evaluate Control Technologies. This research will develop "cost of controls"
data to help evaluate acid deposition control strategies. Primary research will
continue to assess the engineering applicability and costs of control technologies
on acid-forming air pollutants. Site-specific cost estimates from the "top 200"
coal -fired power plants in the 31 state eastern region will be completed. Then
the "generic costs" of reducing $03, NOx, and VOC air emissions will be updated.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $52,102,600 supported by 60.6
total workyears for this research, of which $4,356,800 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $47,745,800 is from the Research and Development appro-
priation.
In 1988, this research is completing several projects, including an advanced
version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM II), the final 1985 air emis-
sions data base and inventory, the final report on the Pilot Snowfall Monitoring
Study, and a report on the Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S. Stream Survey. In addi-
tion, work will continue on evaluating the extent and magnitude of changes in
forest conditions, as well as on developing site-specific cost estimates for re-
ducing SOj and NOx air emissions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $53,873,300 supported by 63.1 total
workyears for this research, of which $4,257,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $49,615,800 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
During 1987, the acid deposition research program installed a monitoring
network for field evaluation of RADM and expanded the dry deposition monitoring
network to Include 50 sites. A report on the Western Lake Survey was produced as
well as a report on the Mountain Cloud Chemistry Project. Finally, a report on
site-specific cost estimates of $03 and NOX controls from 12 coal-fired power
plants was produced.
E-ll
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,466,700 supported by 20 total workyears, for
this research, of which $1,033,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,433,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This
represents an increase of $22,100 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation for a
general enhancement of in-house support of the LIMB research program. The decrease
of $73,100 in the Research and Development appropriation reflects completion of
some combustion engineering tests of a small prototype tangential-fired furnace.
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology.
Research will involve activities in four primary areas: (1) pilot-scale
testing of LIMB processes; (2) commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired
boiler technology; (3) commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired
boiler technology; and (4) analysis of waste characteristics and disposal from the
commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired boiler technology.
In 1989, pilot-scale testing will be broadened to improve SOX and NOX removal
efficiency and cost effectiveness plus improve sorbent and humidification effic-
iency. Research on the commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired technology
will be completed and documented. Research on the commercial-scale demonstration
of the tangential-fired boiler technology will complete a small boiler test to pro-
vide engineering design and construction parameters for the full scale demonstra-
tion. The LIMB commercial-scale demonstrations are jointly funded by the Federal
government and the utility industry.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,517,700 and 20 total workyears
for this research, of which $1,011,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,506,500 is from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1988, research includes: (1) testing of LIMB processes on a pilot-scale;
(2) testing of high activity sorbent injection and mixing characteristics; (3)
testing a commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired boiler technology at
the Edgewater station of Ohio Edison; (4) determining engineering characteristics
to design a commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired boiler techno-
logy; and (5) monitoring and evaluating waste characteristics and disposal techni-
ques at the commercial-scale wall-fired demonstration. The Department of Energy
will provide $5,000,000 to support the commercial-scale demonstration of the tan-
gential-fired boiler technology.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,532,800 supported by 21 total
workyears for this research, of which $1,242,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,290,300 was from the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, the Agency conducted laboratory and pilot-scale research, prototype
testing, commercial-scale evaluation of the wall-fired boiler technology, and com-
mercial-scale planning of the tangential-fired boiler technology. The commercial-
scale demonstration of the wall-fired technology was started and S02 and NOx remov-
al objectives were met. A report on the commercialization "requirements for LIMB
was issued.
E-12
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests no resources for this research in 1989 since this research
was completed in 1987.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency did not allocate any resources for this research since
this research was completed in 1987.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $230,000 for this research, all of which was from
the Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, the Agency concluded research on assessing the impacts of oil and gas
development on coastal tundra wetlands. Projects completed were on the: (1) health
effects of urban air particulates (wood smoke); (2) air dispersion modeling in the
artic; and (3) ecological impacts of placer mining.
E-13
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MANAGEMENT
AND SUPPORT
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT MS-1
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management. MS-8
Program Management - Air & Radiation MS-12
Program Management - Water MS-13
Program Management - Enforcement 4 Compliance Monitoring MS-13
Program Management - External Affairs MS-14
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-15
Program Management - General Counsel MS-15
Program Management - Research & Development MS-16
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-17
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices MS-19
Immediate Office of the Administrator MS-24
Office of Regional Operations..... MS-25
Office of Executive Support MS-25
Administrator's Representation Fund MS-26
Office of International Activities MS-26
Office of Civil Rights MS-27
Sci ence Advi sory Board MS-28
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-29
Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization MS-29
Office of Inspector General MS-31
Office of Inspector General -MS-32
Office of General Counsel MS-34
General Counsel MS-35
Office of External Affairs MS-37
Office of Legislative Analysis MS-41
Office of Congressional Liaison MS-42
Office of Public Affairs MS-42
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations MS-43
Office of Federal Activities MS-43
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-45
Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-49
Integrated Environmental Management Program.... MS-49
Office of Policy Analysis MS-50
Office of Standards & Regulations MS-52
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation MS-53
Office of Administration & Resources Management MS-55
Program Management - Administration MS-60
Financial Management - Headquarters MS-61
Office of the Comptroller MS-61
Contracts & Grants Management MS-62
Personnel & Organization Services MS-63
Facilities & Management Services MS-64
Information Systems & Services MS-65
Administrative Management - Title III MS-65
Office of Human Resources Management MS-66
MS-1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management MS-69
Resource Management - Regions MS-72
Financial Management - Regions MS-73
Personnel Management - Regions MS-73
Administrative Management - Regions MS-74
Regional Management MS-75
Regional Counsel MS-75
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions....' MS-76
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs MS-79
Professional Training MS-82
Nationwide Support Services MS-82
Headquarters Support Services MS-83
Regional Support Services MS-83
Automated Data Processing Support Costs MS-84
Automated Data Processing Support - Title III MS-85
Lab Support - Research & Development MS-85
Lab Support - Air & Radiation MS-86
Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-86
MS-2
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APPROPRIATION
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL, Program Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$320,185.4 $334,058.0 $332,075.0 $332,075.0 $354,130.0 $22,055.0
$320,185.4 $334,058.0 $332,075.0 $332,075.0 $354,130.0 $22,055.0
2,744.4 2,611.0 2,657.3 2,631.0 2,684.1 53.1
2,794.3 2,822.0 2,850.7 2,850.7 2,854.7 ' 4.0
$286,091.4 $352,589.9 $350,012.7 $350,102.7 $359,759.9 $9,747.2
Authorization Is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Management and Support provides executive direction and policy oversight for
all Agency programs, as well as those administrative and support services .that are
not assigned to a specific program. We will continue our.efforts to provide quality
legal services, promote technically and economically defensible regulatory and
policy alternatives, enhance the public's perception and understanding of the
Agency's-goals, manage for environmental results, and pursue a focused human re-
sources management effort to build a skilled career environmental workforce.
The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency Management,
Regional Management, and Support Costs.
Program Management includes policy development, program development and over-
sight, and the associated management activities for the Agency's environmental
program offices. These include the Offices of Air and Radiation, Water, Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring, External Affairs, Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
General Counsel, Research and Development, and Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Agency Management includes Agencywide management functions and policy
activities.
Policy Direction, through the Executive Offices at Headquarters, consists of
the Administrator and Deputy Administrator and their immediate staffs, Regional
Operations, Executive Support, Administrator's Representation Fund, International
Activities, Civil Rights, Science Advisory Board, Administrative Law Judges, and
Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization.
Policy, Planning and Evaluation is organized into the following components:
the Integrated Environmental Management Program and the Offices of Policy Analysis,
Standards and Regulations, and Management Systems and Evaluation.
Legal Services for litigation in which the Agency is a defendant are provided
to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters and by a Regional Counsel
in each Regional office. The Office of General Counsel (OGC) provides legal ser-
vices and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers. OGC. in cooperation with
the Department of Justice, represents the Agency in all legal matters in which the
Agency is a defendant. Additionally, OGC reviews proposed actions, decisions, and
regulations to assure that they are legally defensible.
External Affairs activities are performed by five component offices:
Legislative Analysis, Congressional Liaison, Public Affairs, Office of Community
and Intergovernmental Liaison, and Federal Activities.
Inspector General activities include investigation and audit of Agency
activities to promote efficiency and effectiveness, and to prevent and detect
fraud, waste, and abuse.
Administration and Resources Management provides management activities in
Headquarters, as well as administrative services to all program operations located
in Cincinnati, Ohio and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The office has
several components: Program Management, Financial Management, Comptroller, Per-
sonnel and Organization, Contracts and Grants, Facilities and Management Services,
Information Systems and Services, and Human Resources Management.
Regional Management includes the centralized management and administrative
functions performed in each Regional office. The Regional elements cover the
Regional and Deputy Regional Administrators, their immediate staffs, and Regional
staff for public affairs, congressional and intergovernmental relations, and civil
MS-4
-------
rights. Other activities Include budget development and execution, preparation
of Regional operating plans, legal services, program planning, regulatory and
policy analysis, economic analysis, program evaluation, financial and personnel
management, Information management, administration of Freedom of Information
Requests, and facilities and property management.
Support Costs Include the costs of general support services for all Agency
programs. In this diverse category are:
0 Office and building services, such as library services, commercial telephone
use, printing and copying, utilities, security, ADP technical support, and
custodial and maintenance services for programs located at Headquarters,
Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;
* Nationwide costs, such as facility rental costs, centralized data process-
ing, professional training, U.S. Postal Service charges. Federal Telecom-
munications System (FTS) charges, unemployment and workmen's compensation,
and health and safety costs for all Agency programs in all locations;
0 Office and building services for laboratories and field stations operated
by the Offices of Air and Radiation, Research and Development, and Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances; and
° Common services in Regional offices, such as supplies and equipment,
commercial telephones, printing, facilities operations and maintenance,
library services, and mini-computer operations.
Program Priorities
Priorities for the Executive Offices in 1989 will include: continued emphasis
on enforcement and compliance efforts for both environmental arid civil rights regu-
lations; stronger support from Headquarters and .Regions to small, minority, and
women's environmental businesses; bringing greater scientific credibility to regula-
tory decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by the Science Advisory Board;
more effective communication between Headquarters and the Regions; continued support
for technology transfer and technical information exchange between EPA Headquarters,
Regions, States local government and industry; and continued international environ-
mental Activities with emphasis on global and regional air pollution issues such as
global climate change and acid precipitation.
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation will continue to emphasize risk
reduction and the targetting of resources to projects that support the program
offices in developing and deploying the concept of risk in the Regions and States.
It wil.l undertake an ambitious program to ensure that the Regions and States have*
the necessary tools to practice environmental planning and management from the most
practical, cross-media, and risk-based perspective possible. It will develop tools
for assessing and reducing ecological risk and communicating risk inside and outside
of EPA. The office's major commitment to evaluating global climate change issues
also will continue as it seeks to address deficiencies in the existing science and
analytical framework so that policy options can be understood and weighed.
The Office of General Counsel will continue to provide legal advice and coun-
sel to the Agency's top management and media program offices concerning legal
interpretation of EPA administered statutes, other applicable laws, and on such
matters as personnel, grants, and contracts. Additionally, the Office of General
Counsel will continue to represent the Agency in all major regulatory actions, and
ensure that legal errors are avoided and legal positions are presented in the most
persuasive manner.
MS-5
-------
The Office of External Affairs will continue to provide a clear interpretation
of EPA's programs and priorities; increase Agency effectiveness by improving Con-
gressional liaison; continue effective liaison with State and local governments;
establish outreach programs with the private and public sector and involve citizen
participation; reaffirm and strengthen Federal Agency contacts; and provide a cross-
media perspective in review of environmental problems.
The Office of Inspector General will continue to emphasize internal and manage-
ment audits to improve the economy, effectiveness, and efficiency of EPA programs
and provide audit coverage to EPA programs and operations which have received little
or no aidit coverage in the past. It will provide limited audit coverage for the
wastewater treatment construction grant program and EPA contracts and other grant
programs. The office will continue its investigation of antitrust activities and
other constructIon-related fraud and will aggressively pursue new initiatives to
ferret out fraud in EPA-funded contracts. It will further its efforts in fraud
prevention by publicizing its activities to EPA employees, identifying areas sensi-
tive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection methods.
The Office of Administration and Resources Management will continue to assure
a strong system of financial internal controls, including work toward Integration
and improvement of all Agency financial management and accounting systems; continue
developing a program for better information management planning, particularly
between EPA and States; continue improvements in contracts administration; pursue a
focused hunan resources management effort to build a skilled career environmental
workforce; continue to achieve significant productivity improvements; continue
to provide essential administrative and support services to enhance the Agency's
ability to fulfill its various mandates and pursue the privatization effort.
In the Regional management areas, the Agency will continue its commitment to
strengthen Regional environmental programs and maintain strong Regional planning
and management efforts. Development of State/EPA data management plans to improve
efficiency and reliability of methods for sharing environmental data will receive
priority attention.
In Support, the program will continue to provide general support services to
Agency programs. This request will also enable the Agency to continue its effort
to replace obsolete computers in the Regional offices, as well as cover cost es-
calations such as rent, telephone, and utility rate increases.
MS-6
-------
Program Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management MS-8
Program Management - A1r & Radiation MS-12
Program Management - Water MS-13
Program Management - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring MS-13
Program Management - External Affairs MS-14
Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-15
Program Management - General Counsel MS-15
Program Management - Research & Development MS-16
Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response MS-17
MS-7
-------
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1938
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
CO
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Mater
Salaries * Expenses
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Salaries A Expenses
Program Management -
External Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Salaries £ Expenses
Program Management -
General Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
$2,986.6 $3,214.8 $2,962.3 $2,962.3 $2,991.9
TOTAL $2,986.6 $3,214.8 $2,962.3 $2,962.3 $2,991.9
$2,812.2 $3,077.2 $2,684.8 $2,684.8 $2,859.3
TOTAL $2,812.2 $3.077.2 $2,684.8 $2,684.8 $2,859.3
TOTAL
TOTAL
$472.1
$472.1
$628.6
$628.6
$485.6
$485.6
$714.3
$714.3
$478.9
$478.9
$687.5
$687.5
$478.9
$478.9
$687.5
$687.5
TOTAL
$453.8
$453.8
$509.8
$509.8
$489.8
$489.8
$489.8
$489.8
$478.9
$478.9
$718.5
$718.5
$2,097.9 $2,472.1 $2,387.4 ' $2,387.4 $2,477.7
TOTAL $2,097.9 $2,472.1 $2,387.4 $2,387.4 $2,477.7
$489.8
$489.8
$29.6
$29.6
$174.5
$174.5
$31.0
$31.0
$90.3
$90.3
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I
IO
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1989 VS 1988
Program Management -
Research & Development
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management -
Solid Haste and
Emergency Response
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Program Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$5.003.1 $4,024.2 $3,903.7 $3,903.7 $4,041.0 $137.3
TOTAL $5,003.1 $4,024.2 $3,903.7 $3,903.7 $4,041.0 $137.3
$1,870.7 $1,725.1 $1,670.4 $1,670.4 $1,696.5 $26.1
TOTAL $1,870.7 $1,725.1 $1,670.4 $1,670.4 $1,696.5 $26.1
$16,325.0 $16,223.1 $15,264.8 $15,264.8 $15,753.6 $488.8
TOTAL $16,325.0 $16,223.1 $15,264.8 $15,264.8 $15,753.6 $488.8
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management -
External Affairs
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
45.1
42.9
7.6
9.6
33.2
46.8
46.4
9.0
11.7
43.3
46.8
46.4
9.0
11.7
43.3
46.8
45.9
9.0
11.7
43.1
46.8
45.9
9.0
11.7
42.9
-.2
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
Program Management -
General Counsel
Program Management -
Research & Development
Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
8.7 10.5 10.5
50.9
32.2
54.5
30.0
54.5
30.0
8.2
53.8
29.6
10.5
54.5
29.6
2.3
.7
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
230.2
252.2
252.2
248.1
250.9
2.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Air And Radiation
Program Management -
Water
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
Program Management -
External Affairs
Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Program Management -
General Counsel
47.7
46.1
8.6
10.7
34.5
in.o
46.8
46.4
9.0
11.7
43.3
10.5
46.8
46.4
9.0
11.7
43.3
10.5
46.8
45.9
9.0
11.7
43.1
10.5
46.8
45.9
9.0
11.7
42.9
10.5
-.2
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Program Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management - 53.2 54.5 54.5 53.8 54.5 .7
Research « Development
Program Management - 35.8 30.0 30.0 29.6 29.6
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
TOTAL WORKYEARS 246.6 252.2 252.2 250.4 250.9 .5
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MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Program Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $15,753,600 supported by 250.9 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $488,800 and of .5 total workyears from 1988. All of the
request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Program Management component provides resources for Assistant Admini-
strators, Office Directors and their immediate staffs for eight of EPA's major
offices: Air and Radiation, Water, Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, External
Affairs, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, General Counsel, Research and Development,
and Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Resources provide for formulation of
overall management and programmatic policy, and centralized planning and budgeting
activities. Also includes the coordination and integration of programs throughout
the Agency as well as performing liaison activities with Congress, the Office of
Management and Budget and other Federal agencies and States.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR AND RADIATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,991,900 supported by 46.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $29,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total workyears. The increase reflects increased operating and
support costs. Major program emphases will continue to be implementation of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, the Atomic Energy Act, the Uranium Mill
Tailings Radiation Control Act, and development of major decisions related to
these acts.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $2,962,300 supported by 46.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. This program provides management support for implementation of the
Clean Air Act, the Atomic Energy Act, and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control
Act. Key activities include: executive management, program planning and analysis,
resource management, and budget development. Administrative support to Office of
Air and Radiation (OAR) programs is also provided.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated $2,986,600 for this program supported by 47.7
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
program provided executive management, program planning and analysis, budget,
and administrative support to OAR programs.
MS-12
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - HATER
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,859,300 supported by 45.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $174,500 from 1988 and no change in total workyears.
The increase provides a full year of support for the Office of Wetlands Protection
created in 1987 as well as increased operating costs.
The 1989 request supports the development of national policy and implementation
of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and Drinking Water media.
Specific activities include: management of the Office of Water operating guidance
and accountability system; development of program plans and budget for implemen-
tation of Agency policies; development of legislative initiatives and directions
and review of regulations and program policies; support to Agency geographic init-
iatives for cross-media regulatory control and environmental results management; and
tracking of budget execution and administrative management.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,684,800 supported by 45.9
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
program continues to focus in 1988 on the implementation of the reauthorized Clean
Water Act. Activities such as long-range planning and policy analysis, budget
development and execution, and administrative management will remain ongoing
activities.
1987 Accompli shments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $2,812,200 supported by 46.1 total workyears,
all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources
provided for executive management, policy and long-range planning and analysis,
and budget and administrative support for programs within the Office of Water.
Work continued on the implementation of the reauthorized Clean Water Act and
the Safe Drinking Water Act.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $478,900 supported by 9.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988.
This request will be used to provide basic administrative, financial and
management services to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring. These
functions include: program planning, personnel management, budgeting, financial
management, management analysis and administrative services. The resources will
also be used to continue to provide support and oversight of the management opera-
tions of the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). These resources
will also provide support to perform budget formulation and execution for the legal
enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $478,900 supported by 9.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
MS-13
-------
This program provides program direction and management support for the Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring (OECM). In addition to supporting the
Assistant Administrator, it includes the OECM management operations functions. The
Management Operations staff is responsible for the internal program planning, budget
formulation, financial management, and administrative operations for the entire
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring as well as budget formulation and
execution for the enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $472,100 supported by 8.6 total workyears for
this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1987, this program provided basic managerial support for program planning,
personnel, budget, financial management, and administrative support services to the
Assistant Administrator. In addition, budget formulation support was provided to
the NEIC, Regional Legal Enforcement, and the expanding and increasingly visible
Criminal Investigation program. In 1987, emphasis on improving management systems
continued. Many of these systems were automated to provide more consistent and
timely information for use in enforcement management.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $718,500 supported by 11.7 total workyears,
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $31,000 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase will provide for increased operating costs. In 1989, this office
will continue the full coordination of the staff offices in External Affairs;
provide the necessary oversight, management, planning, and support services to
these staff offices; and support the Administrator and Assistant Administrators in
coordinating, representing and communicating the Agency's programs and policies to
the Congress, the public, other government entities, and the news media, as well
as involving the Congress, public, government entities and the news media in pro-
viding input into the Agency's policies.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $687,500 supported by 11.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Continued emphasis is placed on strengthening strategies and
procedures for communicating better with outside groups by informing affected
parties in a timely manner about EPA actions and the decisions and risks the Agency
must face.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $628,600 supported by 10.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1987, the office worked to enhance a process to communicate
more effectively with the public and outside groups. This program element also
provided the management resources and administrative support necessary to support
the Office of External Affairs and staff offices.
MS-14
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT-- PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,477,700 supported by 42.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $90,300 and a decrease .2 total work-
years from 1988.
These increased operating costs will fully support the Biotechnology Science
Advisory Committee as well as support senior level management of the Pesticides
and Toxic Substances program and the Immediate Office of the Assistant Adminis-
trator for Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Key activities include: efficient
and effective general management, strategic planning, and administrative and budget
support.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,387,400 supported by 43.1
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
These resources provide senior level management of the Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances programs and the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator for
Pesticides and Toxic Substances with support as well as partially funding, along
with the Office of Research and Development, the activities of the Biotechnology
Science Advisory Committee.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $2,097,900 supported by 34.5 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These
resources provide support for the senior level management of the Pesticides and
Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator
for Pesticides and Toxic Substances and, along with the Office of Research and
Development, funded the activities of the Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - GENERAL COUNSEL
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $489,800 supported by 10.5 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988.
The request will support planning, budgeting, financial management, management
analysis, and administrative services to the Office of General Counsel.
1988 Program '
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $489,800 supported by 10.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
The program provides for planning, budgeting, financial management, management
analysis, and administrative support to the Office of General Counsel.
MS-15
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $453,800 supported by 10.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Activities focused on providing planning, analytical support, budgeting,
financial management, and administrative services to the Office of General Counsel.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,041,000 supported by 54.5 total workyears,
all for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. This represents an increase of
$137,300 and 0.7 total workyears from 1988. The increase reflects a general
enhancement of in-house support for 'program management activities of the Office
of Research and Development (ORD).
In 1989, ORD's program management activities will provide policy guidance,
program direction, and administrative support to a diversified research and devel-
opment (R&D) program which is conducted in Headquarters, 14 major laboratories,
and seven (7) field sites across the country. These program management activities
ensure'both coordination of R&D efforts and efficient utilization of resources to
meet the Agency's R&D requirements and program needs. Specific activities include:
1. formulating and disseminating scientific and managerial policy for and
within ORD;
2. coordinating R&D program planning and budgeting, program plans and
development of research strategies for a balanced and Integrated R&D
program;
3. monitoring and analyzing current year resources, research operations and
research products;
4. providing liaison with regional, state, and local officials
for technical assistance, in addition to working with Congress,
OMB, and other Federal agencies; and
5. operating and maintaining ORD's information systems which support R&D
program planning and accountability for senior Agency management.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,903,700 supported by 53.8
total workyears. all from the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. Program manage-
ment will continue to guide, manage, and Integrate the research and development
activities of the Agency, ensuring that the needs identified by programs and Re-
gional Offices are met.
1987 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $5,003,100 supported by 53.2 total workyears
in 1987, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. These
resources provided the overall policy guidance, program direction, and adminis-
trative support for the Agency's diverse research and development program.
MS-16
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID HASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,696,500 supported by 29.6 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase of $26,100 and no change in workyears from 1988. The increase reflects
additional operating and support costs.
This request will allow the Agency to continue to staff and operate a complete
management team within the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER).
This will provide for a wide array of policy development and analysis activities,
institutional and public liaison functions, financial management, and other program
support activities necessary to ensure the effective operation of a national program.
1988 Program
In 1988. the Agency is allocating a total of $1,670,400 supported by 29.6
total workyears, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from the OSWER manage-
ment team to the Regions, to the program offices, and to the Agency. Expected
accomplishments include the review of policy recommendations and proposed regula-
tions; integration of both program and enforcement hazardous waste and Superfund
activities; budget preparation and justification; financial and information manage-
ment; real and personal property management; and administrative support.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,870.700 supported by 35.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. OSWER
program management integrated hazardous waste and Superfund activities; managed
the review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations; maintained effective
management controls; and provided personnel, administrative and Information manage-
ment support to the program offices.
MS-17
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Office of the Administrator ,
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices MS-19
Immediate Office of the Administrator... MS-24
Office of Regional Operations MS-25
Office of Executive Support MS-25
Admi n1strator's Representation Fund MS-26
Office of International Activities MS-26
Office of Civil Rights MS-27
Science Advisory Board MS-28
Office of Administrative Law Judges MS-29
Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization MS-29
Office of Inspector General MS-31
Office of Inspector General MS-32
Office of General Counsel MS-34
General Counsel MS-35
Office of External Affairs MS-37
Office of Legislative Analysis MS-41
Office of Congressional Liaison ' MS-42
Office of Public Affairs MS-42
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations MS-43
Office of Federal Activities MS-43
Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation... MS-45
Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation MS-49
Integrated Environmental Management Program MS-49
Office of Policy Analysis MS-50
Office of Standards & Regulations MS-52
Office of Management Systems & Evaluation MS-53
Office of Administration & Resources Management MS-55
Program Management - Administration MS-60
Financial Management - Headquarters MS-61
Office of the Comptroller MS-61
Contracts & Grants Management MS-62
Personnel & Organization Services MS-63
Facilities & Management Services MS-64
Information Systems & Services MS-65
Administrative Management - Title III MS-65
Office of Human Resources Management MS-66
MS-18
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
VO
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Regional
Operations
Salaries A Expenses
TOTAL
Office Of Executive
Support
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of International
Activities
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
$2,188.1
$2,188.1
$364.3
$364.3
$868.8
$868.8
$2.3
$2.3
$1,274.9
$1,274.9
$1,264.3
$1,264.3
$2,381.1
$2,381.1
$387.0
$387.0
$931.4
$931.4
$3.5
$3.5
$1,329.6
$1,329.6
$1,438.6
$1,438.6
$2,315.5
$2,315.5
$536.7
$536.7
$1,003.0
$1,003.0
$3.0
$3.0
$1,315.6
$1,315.6
$1,410.6
$1,410.6
$2,315.5
$2,315.5
$536.7
$536.7
$1,003.0
$1,003.0
$3.0
$3.0
$1,315.6
$1,315.6
$1,410.6
$1,410.6
$2,363.3
$2,363.3
$536.7
$536.7
$1,003.0
$1,003.0
$3.0
$3.0
$1,440.6
$1,440.6
$1,436.9
$1,436.9
$47.8
$47.8
$125.0
$125.0
$26.3
$26.3
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ro
o
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Science Advisory Board
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Small &
D1 sadvantaged Business
Utilization
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of the Adm1n1- TOTAL
$1,393.1
$1,393.1
$837.7
$837.7
$466.2
$466.2
$8,659.7
$8,659.7
$1,447.8
$1,447.8
$1,056.3
$1,056.3
$525.0
$525.0
$9,500.3
$9,500.3
$1,416.7
$1,416.7
$1,035.8
$1,035.8
$516.6
$516.6
$9,553.5
$9,553.5
$1,416.7
$1,416.7
$1,035.8
$1,035.8
$516.6
$516.6
$9,553.5
$9,553.5
$1,446.3
$1,446.3
$1,054.9
$1,054.9
$516.6
$516.6
$9,801.3
$9,801.3
$29.6
$29.6
$19.1
$19.1
$247.8
$247.8
strator/Executlve
Offices
PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations
Office Of Executive
Support
33.8
5.0
21.5
45.8
5.0
24.8
45.8
5.0
24.8
41.7
10.0
24.1
44.7
10.0
24.1
3.0
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of International
Activities
Office of C1v1l Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
22.4
20.1
12.1
15.6
22.0
23.8
24.4
16.6
22.0
23.8
24.4
17.4
20.5
22.1
14.6
16.8
21.5
23.1
24.4
17.4
i.o
1.0
9.8
.6
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small &
D1sadvantaged Business
Utilization
TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
6.8
137.3
6.9
169.3
6.9
170.1
6.9
156.7
6.9
172.1
15.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
36.2
5.4
22.7
22.6
22.6
45.8
5.0
24.8
22.0
23.8
45.8
5.0
24.8
22.0
23.8
44.7
10.0
24.1
21.5
23.1
44.7
10.0
24.1
21.5
23.1
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ro
ro
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Science Advisory Board
Office of
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET ENACTED
ESTIMATE 1988
1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
21.5 24.4 24.4
15.6 16.6 17.4
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
24.4
17.4
REQUEST
1989
24.4
17.4
INCREASE +
. DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
Administrative Law
Judges
Office of Small ft
Dlsadvantaged Business
Utilization
TOTAL WORKYEARS
6.8
153.4
6.9
169.3
6.9
170.1
6.9
172.1
6.9
172.1
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $9,801,300 supported by 172.1 total workyears
in 1989. This represents an increase of $247,800 and no change in total workyears
from 1988. All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
These resources support the Immediate Office of the Administrator and the
staff offices which report directly to the Administrator. The Administrator and
Deputy Administrator are responsible for providing policy guidance and direction
to the Agency and ensuring implementation of their policies; the staff offices
provide cross-cutting Agency guidance for scientific review of regulations and
research, international environmental initiatives, as well as civil rights,
administrative law hearings, Regional communication, and support for small and
disadvantaged businesses.
Immediate Office of the Administrator This Office includes the Administrator
and Deputy Administrator, special assistants to the Administrator and Deputy Admin-
istrator for the various program areas, Judicial Officers, and clerical support
staff.
Office of Regional Operations This Office provides Headquarters with a
stronger and more effective link to each of the ten Regional offices. This link
ensures that the Administrator's policies are effectively communicated to the
Regional Administrators, that the Regions are included in the policy-making process,
that the Administrator is alerted to any potential Regional problems and concerns,
and that significant Regional issues are coordinated with Headquarters program
offices. The Office is also responsible for managing the Environmental Service
Divisions, Regional risk assessment efforts, and the Technology Transfer program.
Office of Executive Support This Office provides centralized budget planning
and implementation, resource management, personnel, computer planning, and adminis-
trative support services to the Administrator and staff offices and manages the
Agency's correspondence and the Freedom of Information functions.
Administrator's Representation Fund The fund is used for official
receptions, meetings, and"affairs hosted primarily by the Administrator for
domestic and foreign officials.
Office of International Activities This Office provides guidance and
management for the Agency'sinternational activities and programs with Western
European countries, the USSR, China, Japan, and the Agency's Scientific Activities
Overseas (SAO) Program. In addition, the Office manages agreements with Canada
and Mexico on cross-boundary environmental issues, oversees Agency involvement in
the activities of international organizations, and coordinates the activities on
new and emerging environmental issues such as ozone and transboundary shipment of
hazardous waste.
MS-23
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Office of Civil Rights This Office manages the Agency's civil rights
programs.It provides policy guidance to the Administrator and evaluates acti-
vities required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal
opportunity and to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA.
Science Advisory Board (SAB) The Board consists of a Director, professional
and clerical staff, and independent scientists and engineers who advise the Admin-
istrator on the scientific and technical bases of the Agency's decisions. They
review the scientific basis of regulatory proposals, the adequacy of Agency research
and the research planning process, the five-year research and development plan,
as well as special requests from the Administrator, the Deputy Administrator and
the Congress.
Office of Administrative Law Judges Judges from this Office preside over
and conduct hearingsrequired by the Administrative Procedures Act which relate
to appeals of Agency regulations and decisions.
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization This Office provides
Agency-wide oversight in implementing programs under Sections 8 and 15 of the
Small Business Act, as amended, and develops national policy for EPA for implement-
ing the Agency-wide minority and women's business enterprise program.
IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,363,300 and 44.7 total workyears for this
program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This repre-
sents an increase of $47,800 and no change in total workyears from 1988. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs. The Office is responsible for
Agency policy and direction, leadership, and management and setting environmental
goals. In 1989, emphasis will be put on the Judicial Officer function to meet the
expanding number of environmental cases sent to the Administrator for final decision.
New authorities under the program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986 and the Water
Quality Act of 1987 will also be supported by the Judicial Officer in 1989.
1988. Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,315,500 supported by 44.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The major priorities in the Immediate Office are: increased emphasis
on enforcement and compliance efforts of both environmental and civil rights
regulations, continued delegations to State and local governments, and continued
support of enhanced science as a basis for decision-making. In 1988, the number
of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Permits and Civil Penalty Cases have
increased substanially.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,188,100 supported by 36.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major focus of activity was to pursue delegation of programs
to state and local governments, support enhanced science as a basis for decision-
making and managing risk, and enforcement and compliance efforts to ensure
better internal management.
MS-24
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OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $536,700 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988. The Office will continue to ensure that
the Administrator's policies are effectively communicated to the Regional Adminis-
trators; that the Administrator is alerted to potential Regional problems and
concerns; and that the Administrator is assisted in managing significant Regional
issues. The Office will also continue to address the basic management needs
of the Environmental Services Divisions, Regional risk assessment, and will con-
tinue its technology transfer effort and technical information exchange between
EPA Headquarters, Regions, States, local government and industry.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $536,700 and 10.0 total workyears,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Office continues
to provide a key communications link between the Administrator and the ten Regional
offices, and play a more active part in Regional budget issues. The Office also
has put emphasis on providing guidance and coordination for the ten Environmental
Services Divisions. In addition, the Office has initiated a new effort aimed at
achieving improved efficiency and performance in environmental programs in the
field by providing better technology transfer and technical information exchange
between EPA Headquarters, Regions, States, local government, and industry.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $364,300 and 5.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office ensured that the Administrator's policies were effectively communicated
to the Regional Administrators, that the Regions were included in the policy-
making and decision-making processes, and that the Administrator was kept informed
of Regional concerns and issues. In addition, the Office carried out its responsi-
bility as the Headquarters focal point for the Agency's Environmental Services
Divisions.
OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,003,000 supported by 24.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988. This Office will continue to provide
monitoring of resource expenditures, develop the outyear budget for the staff
offices, provide centralized personnel and management support services, and pro-
vide assistance to staff offices with recruitment, staffing, and property control.
The Office will continue to prepare a yearly report to Congress on the cost to the
Agency and to the public of administering the Freedom of Information Act, to provide
policy and program oversight on the Freedom of Information program, and to manage
and track executive and Congressional correspondence.
MS-25
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,003,000 supported by 24.1
total workyears for this program, all of which Is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office is responsible for monitoring resource expenditures,
developing the outyear budget for the staff offices, providing centralized person-
nel and management support services, and providing assistance to staff offices
with recruitment, staffing, and property control. The Office continues to prepare
a yearly report to Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the public of adminis-
tering the Freedom of Information Act, to provide policy and program oversight on
the Freedom of Information Act, and to manage and track executive and Congressional
correspondence.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $868,800 supported by 22.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office completed monthly financial and operating plan reports,
developed the outyear budget for the staff offices, and workload analysis for
Regional Management, in addition to providing assistance and staffing plan develop-
ment, program management services, and resource and computer planning studies for
the Administrator's staff offices. The Office logged, controlled and tracked all
Freedom of Information requests. Congressional correspondence, and correspondence
addressed to the Administrator and the Deputy Administrator.
ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,000 for this program, all of which is for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents no change from 1988.
This fund will enable the Administrator to host official receptions, meetings, and
affairs for visiting dignitaries and officials.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,000 to this program, all of
which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are to cover
the expenses of official receptions and other functions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,300 for this function from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This amount covered the expenses of
official receptions and other functions.
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,440,600 supported by 21.5 total workyears
for this Office, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $125,000 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase will provide for increased support costs. The Office will continue
to manage the Agency's international activities and programs with an active role
MS-26
-------
in bilateral agreements, such as the transboundary pollution management agreements
with Mexico and Canada, and international organizations. In 1989, the focus of
the Office's activities will include an array of global and Regional air pollu-
tion issues involving policy formulation, intra- and interagency coordination,
and international negotiations. Emphasis will be on global climate change, parti-
cularly to influence the policies and activities of United Nations Environmental
Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO); acid precipita-
tion from sulfur and nitrogen oxides, including the design and implementation
of Regional accords and international conventions; and urban air pollution from
vehicles and other sources, another area of growing international interest and
activity.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,315,600 supported by 21.5
total workyears to this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office continues to provide guidance, coordination and exchange
of scientific and technical information on a regular basis in support of Agency
programs and promotes agreed upon approaches to common environmental problems
with border countries. In 1988, the Office is playing a more active role with
international organizations including the Office for Economic and Cooperation
Development, the United Nations Environment Program and the Economic Commission
for Europe. In addition, the Office will be serving as the Federal Agency Coor-
dinator for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Committee on
Challenges on Modern Societies (CCMS).
1987 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,274,900 and 22.6 total workyears for this
program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. Dealing
with border pollution problems with Canada and Mexico dominated the focus of OIA.
This included negotiations with Canada on transboundary air quality issues including
ozone, and negotiations with Mexico concerning a new border agreement on control of
border sanitation problems. New initiatives were also taken in support of bilateral
cooperation with the USSR and China. Emphasis was also directed to facilitating
trade and environmental aspects of trade in chemicals and shipment of hazardous
wastes.
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,436,900 supported by 23.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an Increase of $26,300 and no change in total workyears from 1988. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs. In 1989, the Office of Civil
Rights will continue to provide technical guidance and direction to the Agency's
civil rights efforts; assume full responsibility for policy and implementation of
the discrimination complaints processing system; increase policy monitoring and
support for Regional Civil Rights Offices, including Headquarters Office of Civil
Rights; provide continuous monitoring of affirmative action plan implementation;
expand and improve the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) counseling program to
resolve complaints through informal conciliation; strengthen and improve the special
emphasis programs by conducting seminars and workshops for special emphasis em-
ployees and Agency managers; increase quantity and quality of EEO reviews and
studies; and improve the implementation of the Agency regulations regarding non-dis-
crimination in Federally - assisted programs. Emphasis will be put on providing
increased management support and quality control through on-site program
evaluations, and processing discrimination complaints.
MS-27
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1988 Program
The Agency Is allocating a total of $1,410,600 and 23.1 total workyears for
this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These
resources enable the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) to continue to provide techni-
cal guidance and direction for the Agency's Civil Rights efforts. The Office is
strengthening and improving the special emphasis programs by conducting seminars
and workshops for special emphasis employees and Agency managers, and continues
to conduct EEO reviews and studies and provide management support and quality
control through on-site program evaluations. OCR continues to implement the
Agency's regulations regarding non-discrimination in Federally-assisted programs.
1987 Accompli shments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,264,300 supported by 22.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the .Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The Office of Civil Rights carried out national equal employment opportunity
monitoring and enforcement programs; managed the Agency's affirmative action
program, special emphasis programs and the discrimination complaints program;
implemented regulations and programs requiring EPA grant recipients to adhere
to the civil rights laws and labor standard requirements of applicable Federal
statutes; and served as the Agency's focal point for the Historically Black
Colleges and Universities program. Specifically, the Office evaluated activities
required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities to assure equal opportunity and
to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA; ensured implementation of the
Agency's Special Emphasis Programs (Federal Women's, Hispanic Employment and Black
Employment Programs); implemented and monitored the Agency's Affirmative Action
Plans to remedy underrepresentation in the workforce; and assured compliance by
Agency grantees and contractors with provisions of civil rights laws and labor
standards requirements of applicable Federal statutes.
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,446,300 supported by 24.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $29,600 and no change in total workyears from 1988. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs, hi 1989, the Administrator
will identify approximately 70 regulatory issues for the Science Advisory Board
(SAB) to review. The increased number of issues will include 11 new water reviews
related to the Safe Drinking Water Act.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,416,700 supported by 24.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Science Advisory Board is providing expert, independent advice
to the Administrator and the Agency on 61 scientific and technical issues before
the Agency.
1987 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $1,393,100 supported by 21.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation;
The SAB was involved in 61 reviews during 1987. Included among these reviews
were issues relating to hazardous air pollutants, toxic substances, radioactive
waste disposal standards, asbestos in drinking water, hazardous waste incineration
at sea and on land, nitrogen dioxide health effects, and toxic air pollutants.
MS-28
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OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (ALJ)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,054,900 supported by 17.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $19,100 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase will provide for increased operating costs. In 1989, this Office
will continue to preside over and conduct hearings required by the Administrative
Procedures Act related to suspension, cancellation, licensing and enforcement
actions, including the assessment of civil penalties, initiated by the Agency.
Preliminary estimates indicate that there will be approximately 1,100 cases on the
Office of Administrative Law Judges' docket, an increase of approximately 170 cases
from 1988.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,035,800 supported by 17.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The ALJ expects to receive approximately 940 cases from EPA Regional
offices in 1988. Of this total, approximately 205 cases are expected to be under
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 532 cases under the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act (TSCA), and 140 cases under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and 35 cases under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
In addition, this Office will handle approximately 25 cases originating at Head-
quarters, including suspensions; cancellations; Sec. 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and Clean Air Act cases.
1987 Accompli shments.
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $837,700 and 15.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This Office maintained a docket of 893 cases. Of these cases, 188 were under
RCRA; 515 were under TSCA; and 135 cases were under FIFRA.
OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $516,600 supported by 6.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988. The Office will continue to provide techni-
cal assistance to both Headquarters and Regional program office personnel to
ensure that small, minority and/or women's businesses are receiving a "fair share"
of procurement dollars under EPA's Financial Assistance Program. In addition,
the ombudsman will respond to approximately 8,000 inquiries from small firms on
regulatory matters and will provide advice on the many new regulations that will
bring about the desired level of voluntary compliance to several thousand small
businesses.
1988 Program
The Agency 1s allocating a total of $516,600 supported by 6.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
In 1988, emphasis is being placed on handling additional "Hotline" calls, implement-
ing a Small Business Ombudsman Strategy, creating business regulatory outreach
demonstration projects, and promoting Minority Business Enterprise and Women's
Business Enterprise participation in the Agency's financial assistance programs to
MS-29
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comply with Executive Order 12432. In addition, the Office will monitor and
provide advice on the many new regulations that will bring about the
desired level of voluntary compliance by several thousand small businesses.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $466,200 supported by 6.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office coordinated activities with EPA's procurement and
financial assistance programs by providing training and technical assistance;
provided assistance toward increasing the level of Minority Business Enterprise/
Women's Business Enterprise (MBE/WBE) participation in EPA-assisted programs;
and provided technical and managerial assistance to Headquarters and Regional
staff assigned to socioeconomic program activities, and counseled minority and
women's businesses in compliance with Executive Order 12432.
MS-30
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Office of Inspector General
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of the Inspector General
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Office of Inspector
General
Salaries & Expenses $14,874.4 $15,756.2 $15,832.6 $15,832.6 $16,395.0 $562.4
TOTAL $14,874.4 $15,756.2 $15,832.6 $15,832.6 $16,395.0 $562.4
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses $14,874.4 $15,756.2 $15,832.6 $15,832.6 $16,395.0 $562.4
Office of IIrh n;)co TOTAL $14,874.4 $15,756.2 $15,832.6 $15,832.6 $16,395.0 $562.4
General
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector 208.6 219.7 229.7 227.7 227.7
General
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS 208.6 219.7 229.7 227.7 227.7
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector 210.3 219.7 229.7 227.7 227.7
General
TOTAL WORKYEARS 210.3 219.7 229.7 227.7 227.7
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Inspector General
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of" $16,395,000 supported by 227.7 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $562,400 and no change in total workyears from 1988. All
of this request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
This office is responsible for conducting, supervising, and coordinating
audits and investigations relating to EPA programs and operations; promoting
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of EPA programs;
preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in EPA programs and operations; keeping
the.Administrator and the Congress advised of problem areas and related corrective
action; and reviewing EPA regulations and legislation.
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,395,000 supported by 227.7 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase of $562,400 and no change in total workyears front 1988. The increase
in dollars primarily will finance additional audits of the Construction Grants
Program, and provides for an increase in travel and other support costs.
The resources requested will be used by the Office of Inspector General (OIG)
to continue conducting internal and management audits to improve the economy,
effectiveness, and efficiency of EPA programs and provide audit coverage to EPA
programs and operations which have received little or no previous attention. The
OIG will emphasize reviewing programs aimed at achieving environmental results and
ensuring strong enforcement including (1) pesticides and toxics, (2) hazardous
waste disposal, and (3) air and water quality. The OIG will continue its program
of external audits of grants and contracts which have historically recovered $12 in
costs for each audit dollar spent.
The OIG will also continue investigations of antitrust activities and other
construction-related fraud and will aggressively pursue new initiatives, including
examinations of possible antitrust activities by architectural and engineering
firms and conspiracies to defraud involving contract laboratories. By focusing
efforts on fraud cases in vulnerable areas and by taking more proactive initiatives,
the OIG expects to obtain greater results, including increased indictments, con-
victions, and monetary recoveries. The OIG will continue efforts in fraud pre-
vention by publicizing OIG activities to EPA employees, identifying areas sensitive
to fraud, and developing new fraud detection methods.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,832,600 supported by 227.7
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
The OIG is continuing to perform internal and management audits needed to help
MS-32
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improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the Agency's overall program
operations. Primary emphasis is on reviewing programs or areas in which insuffi-
cient audit resources have been devoted. For example, this would include such
reviews as EPA's efforts to enforce requirements to prevent air pollution from
stationary sources; EPA's and States' ability to track and manage hazardous wastes;
the Quality Assurance Program for EPA's research and development activities; and
the Agency's oversight and control of underground injection control wells. Such
reviews assist Agency managers in identifying and correcting major systemic problems
which, in turn, strengthen environmental programs. These reviews help the Agency
meet its mission while ensuring that limited resources are used more effectively
and efficiently.
The 016 investigative resources are devoted to conducting criminal
investigations relating to EPA programs and operations. Major investigations
cover bid rigging and other fraud in EPA-funded construction activities; procure-
ment fraud; false claims; fraud and misconduct involving EPA employees; and
administrative investigations of improprieties involving EPA programs and personnel.
New initiatives have been aggressively undertaken to identify fraud in the contract
laboratory program. Continued efforts are being made to encourage the use of the
OIG hotline to uncover instances of suspected fraud, waste, and mismanagement.
Under the fraud prevention program, the OIG is providing technical and audit
assistance to elements of the Agency assessing the adequacy of internal controls
as required by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $14,874,400 supported by 210.3 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The
Office of Inspector General issued 2,025 audit reports which questioned costs of
$183,300,000. On an overall basis, $33,400,000 of costs questioned were sustained
by Agency management. During the year, the Agency obtained $13,100,000 of cost
efficiencies and $30,900,000 of actual cash recoveries as a result of audit efforts.
An expanded internal and management audit program was implemented and about 35
percent of the OIG audit resources were devoted to examining many critical areas
which had never been audited before. Internal audits provided recommendations for
improving the effectiveness, efficiency, and results of EPA program operations.
Investigative activities focusing on major civil and criminal violations has
resulted in the recovery of $4,700,000 in fines and restitution.
Key improvements resulting from OIG audits included: (1) more comprehensive
inspections and better enforcement of asbestos and automobile emissions standards;
(2) strengthening the Agency's control and enforcement of grant agreements in
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands to achieve clean water standards; (3) revising
the Agency's procedures for awarding loans and grants to the neediest schools with
the most serious asbestos problems; and (4) strengthening the Agency's controls and
policies for issuing hazardous waste permits. The OIG opened 332 new investigations
and closed 308 investigations, obtaining 119 indictments and convictions. Signifi-
cant results were achieved in investigations of construction-related fraud, and
the submission of fraudulent documentation involving foreign vehicles. The OIG
also initiated a fraud prevention and detection awareness program for EPA managers
to encourage and improve their recognition and reporting of possible fraud and
abuse.
MS-33
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Office of General Counsel
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of General Counsel
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE >
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
?
Office Of General
Counsel
Salaries 8 Expenses $6,689.2 $7.136.3 $7,275.5 $7,275.5 $7,305.4 $29.9
TOTAL $6,689.2 $7,136.3 $7,275.5 $7,275.5 $7,305.4 $29.9
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses
$6,689.2 $7,136.3 $7,275.5 $7,275.5 $7,305.4 $29.9
Office of General TOTAL $6,689.2 $7,136.3 $7,275.5 $7,275.5 $7,305.4 $29.9
Counsel
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of General
Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
98.5 125.5 127.5
98.5 125.5 127.5
118.3 125.5 7.2
118.3 125.5 7.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office Of General
Counsel
TOTAL WORKYEARS
110.8 125.5 127.5 125.5 125.5
110.8 125.5 127.5 125.5 125.5
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of General Counsel
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,305,400 supported by 125.5 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $29,900 and no change in total workyears from 1988. All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Office of General Counsel provides legal advice and counsel to the Agency's
top management and media program offices concerning legal interpretation of EPA
administered statutes, other applicable laws, and such matters as personnel, grants,
and contracts. In addition, the program is responsible for litigation activity in
which EPA is a defendant. These resources provide legal advice to the Agency in
all major regulatory actions, or other Agency actions in which litigation is likely,
to ensure that legal error is avoided and legal positions are presented in the
most persuasive manner.
GENERAL COUNSEL
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,305,400 supported by 125.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $29,900 and no change in total workyears from
1988. The increase will provide for increased operating costs.
The Office of General Counsel will provide legal advice and counsel to Agency
management and media program offices concerning legal interpretation of EPA adminis-
tered statutes, other applicable laws, regulations and administrative areas such
as personnel, grants, contracts, and access by the public to EPA held information.
The OGC will handle litigation in which EPA is a defendant. Legal support and
review will be provided for all major regulatory actions, policy documents and
guidelines to insure that legal error is avoided.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,275,500 supported by 125.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the .Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The 1988 program provides continued support to Agency program
priorities through legal advice and assistance, handling defensive litigation,
review of Agency rulemaking actions, and participating in selected administrative
proceedings.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $6,689,200 supported by .110.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. In 1987,
the Office of General Counsel (OGC) supported Agency priorities by providing legal
MS-35
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advice and support to Agency managers and by defending the Agency in litigation
filed against it. OGC also reviewed regulatory actions to ensure legal defensibi-
lity and provided advice on other actions, such as grants, contracts, and personnel
matters.
MS-36
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Office of External Affairs
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of External Affairs
PROGRAM
Office Of Legislative
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL '
Office Of Congressional
Liaison
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Public
Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Community and
Intergovernmental
Relations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Federal
Activities
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries « Expenses
Office of External TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
$888.5
$888.5
$842.5
$842.5
$2,579.8
$2.579.8
$813.9
$813.9
$1,796.7
$1,796.7
$6,921.4
$6,921.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS I
$1,019.7
$1,019.7
$937.0
$937.0
$2,682.4
$2,682.4
$874.4
$874.4
$1,950.0
$1,950.0
$7,463.5
$7,463.5
E.NACTED
1988
N THOUSANDS
$979.4
$979.4
$895.8
$895.8
$2,635.3
$2,635.3
$847.2
$847.2
$1,899.4
$1,899.4
$7,257.1
$7,257.1
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
)
$979.4
$979.4
$895.8
$895.8
$2,635.3
$2,635.3
$847.2
$847.2
$1,899.4
$1,899.4
$7,257.1
$7,257.1
BUDGET
REQUEST
1989 1
$1,027.1
$1,027.1
$939.2
$939.2
$2,680.9
$2,680.9
$879.3
$879.3
$1,946.5
$1,946.5
$7,473.0
$7,473.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
L989 VS 1988
$47.7
$47.7
$43.4
$43.4
$45.6
$45.6
$32.1
$32.1
$47.1
$47.1
$215.9
$215.9
Affairs
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of External Affairs
BUDGET
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1987 1988
CURRENT
ENACTED ESTIMATE
1988 1988
BUDGET INCREASE +
REQUEST DECREASE -
1989 1989 VS 1988
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of Legislative
Analysis
Office Of Congressional
Liaison
Office of Public
I? Affairs
i
CO
00 Office of Community and
Intergovernmental
Relations
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office Of Legislative
Analysis
Office Of Congressional
Liaison
Office of Public
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
14.0 20.4 20.4 16.4 20.4 4.0
14.6 21.0 21.0 19.0 21.0 2.0
39.7 43.6 43.6 37.5 42.5 5.0
12.1 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4
29.8 31.8 31.8 28.3 30.9 2.6
110.2 131.2 131.2 115.6 129.2 13.6
17.5 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.4
18.2 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0
45.5 43.6 43.6 42.5 42.5
Affairs
-------
?
OJ
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of External Affairs
BUDGET
ACTUAL ESTIMATE
1987 1988
CURRENT
ENACTED ESTIMATE
1988 1988
BUDGET INCREASE +
REQUEST DECREASE -
1989 1989 VS 1988
Office of Community and
Intergovernmental
Relations
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL WORKYEARS
14.1
33.3
128.6
(DOLLARS IN
14.4
31.8
131.2
THOUSANDS)
14.4
31.8
131.2
14.4
30.9
129.2
14.4
30.9
129.2
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of External Affairs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,473,000 supported by 129.2 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $215,900 and no change in total workyears from 1988. All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
These resources include the salaries and associated costs for the Immediate
Office of the Assistant Administrator, the Office of Legislative Analysis, the
Office of Congressional Liaison, the Office of Public Affairs, the Office of
Community and Intergovernmental Relations, and the Office of Federal Activities.
The Office of External Affairs provides a clear interpretation of the Agency's
programs and priorities to increase Agency effectiveness by improving Congres-
sional liaison, by establishing outreach to broaden our public involvement through
State and local contacts, public Interest groups, and citizen participation, and
by reaffirming and strengthening Federal agency contacts.
Office of Legislative Analysis This Office is responsible for preparing
Agency draft legislation,developing testimony for Agency officials to present
before Congress, and conducting analyses of environmentally related legislation
developed by the Congress. It works closely with the Administrator, Assistant
Administrator for External Affairs, and the program and Regional offices in de-
veloping the Agency's legislative program and in guiding specific legislative
proposals through the interagency legislative review process. This Office also
maintains the Agency's Legislative Reference Library and provides legislative
research services for the Agency.
Office of Congressional Liaison This Office serves as the focal point
of Congressional contact for the Agency. It provides daily summaries of Congres-
sional activities throughout EPA and provides recommendations, advice, and assist-
ance to the Administrator, Assistant Administrator for External Affairs, and other
senior policy officials involved in the development, presentation, and implemen-
tation of the Agency's legislative program. The Office reviews all Congressional
correspondence, responds to Congressional requests for information and Agency
publications, and coordinates grant and contract announcements to Congress.
Office of Public Affairs This Office is the Agency focal point for news
media relationsand"public information. Activities Include: preparing press
releases and feature materials for news media distribution; responding to press
Inquiries; conducting press conferences and briefings; coordinating news media
appearances of key Agency officials; compiling daily and weekly news clips of
national press coverage. The Office also prepares publications for the general
public on major programs and EPA activities; produces newsletters for internal EPA
use; supports television and radio outlets nationwide with audiovisual materials
explaining EPA programs; and reviews all public information materials for confor-
mance to the Agency's Graphics Standards System.
Office of Community and Intergovernmental Relations This Office serves as
the Agency's principal point of contact with major national public interest groups,
environmental groups, industry representatives, and State and local governments,
and advises the Administrator and other Agency officials on the positions and views
of these groups and develops appropriate strategies for effective interactions
and dialogue with them and their constituencies. The Office will continue to
MS-40
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emphasize the Administrator's concern for developing cooperation with and support
for delegating Agency programs to State and local governments and for broadening
the base of involvement in the Agency's regulatory-decision-making process, and for
ensuring appropriate citizen involvement in Agency decisions and actions.
Office of Federal Activities (OFA) -- This Office develops national policies
for dealing with environmental issues and problems associated with Federal agencies.
Specifically, OFA: 1) ensures that EPA prepares Environmental Impact Statements or
Findings of No Significant Impact for those Agency programs specifically covered
by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and assists Agency programs
with reviews that are the functional equivalent for those programs that are not
specifically covered by NEPA, 2) oversees Federal facility compliance with all
EPA pollution control requirements, pursuant to Executive Order 12088, 3) ensures
that Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally sound manner
pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act and Section 309 of the Clean Air
Act, 4) develops policies for dealing with environmental problems on Indian
reservations and implements such policies, and 5) files and publishes notices of
all Federal Environmental Impact Statements in support of the Council on Environ-
mental Quality.
OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,027,100 supported by 20.4 total workyears
for 1989, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $47,700 and no change in total workyears from 1988. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs. During 1989, the Office will
continue to ensure that testimony, draft legislation, and analyses and reports on
pending and proposed legislation will be developed and provided to OMB and the
Congress in a timely fashion and consistent with Agency and Administration policies.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $979,400 supported by 20.4
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The 1988 program includes developing draft legislative proposals
extending the appropriations required for seven of EPA's major statutory authori-
ties. In addition, the Office did extensive analyses in connection with a multitude
of significant amendments to the Clean Air Act and other air-related issues. The
Office also has begun preparation of the 1988 legislative program and selected areas
in which legislative proposals were considered for possible introduction during
the remainder of the- 100th Congress.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $888,500 supported by 17.5 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office developed draft legislative proposals extending the appro-
priations required for all of EPA's major statutory authorities. In 1987, the
Office developed testimony and related material for 109 hearings, reviewed and
responded to 145 bills referred to the Agency from OMB and Congressional committees,
120 draft legislative reports proposed by other agencies, and 172 statements or
testimony of other agencies.
MS-41
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OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $939,200 supported by 21.0 total workyears
for 1989, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $43,400 and no change in total workyears. The increase
will provide for increased operating costs. The budget request will enable the
Office to provide effective day-to-day liaison with the Congress and will ensure
that increasing Member and Committee requests are handled in a timely manner. The
Office will continue to represent the views of the Agency to Congress, coordinate
EPA-related hearings and supervise daily interaction with Congressional Members
and staff.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency -is allocating a total of $895,800 supported by 21.0
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The budget request enables the Office to continue to provide
effective day-to-day liaison with Congress as it examines legislation relating to
environmental issues.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $842,500 supported by 18.2 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Office of Congressional Liaison was responsible for all day-to-day
Congressional contacts, including more than 250 briefings of Members and/or Staff,
involvement in approximately 108 hearings, and coordination of numerous meetings,
courtesy calls, specific Committee investigative information requests and casework
generated by Congress.
OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,680,900 supported by 42.5 total workyears
for 1989, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This
represents an increase of $45,600 and no change in total workyears from 1988. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs. In 1989, the Office of Public
Affairs will continue to inform, educate, and involve the public on the issues
before the Agency and to promote understanding of the Agency's mission and the
Administrator's goals and objectives.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,635,300 supported by 42.5 to-
tal workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries* and Expenses
appropriation. In addition to working with the news media and providing informa-
tional materials for the general public, OPA is emphasizing: (1) improving coordi-
nation within the Agency of communication activities related to major Agency
actions, and (2) strengthening long-range planning of public information activities
in coordination with major EPA program offices and the Regional offices.
1987 Accompli shments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,579,800 supported by 45.5 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
MS-42
-------
priation. In addition to the general activities of informing the news media and
providing Information material to the public, the Office focused on Agency priority
issues of concern to the public and provided communications support for major EPA
initiatives.
OFFICE OF COMMUNITY AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $879,300 supported by 14.4 total workyears for
this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $32,100 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase will provide for increased operating costs. In 1989, the Office
expects to continue its implementation of leadership and guidance activities to
support community relations efforts throughout the Agency, to maintain Agency
liaison with State and local officials while increasing activities to enhance
technology transfer capabilities and ensure emphasis on enhanced Federalism.
In addition, the Agency plans to increase communications with private sector organ-
izations not traditionally involved in environmental efforts, provide continuing
assistance in delegation of environmental programs to State and local governments,
and implement the President's Environmental Youth Awards program and other youth
outreach activities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $847,200 supported by 14.4
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. During this year, the Office is developing and beginning implement-
ation of Agency guidance and leadership in community relations activities for
specific media programs through national organizations and communications strategies
which allow maximum appropriate public involvement in EPA's decisions. The Office
is continuing to enhance EPA's relationships with the States through the ongoing
State/EPA Committee and Its various ad-hoc work groups, developing ongoing communi-
cations with major environmental and other interest groups as well as private
sector organizations.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $813,900 supported by 14.1 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. During 1987, the Office established an ongoing series of briefings
relating to national environmental organization leadership, began implementing the
Agency's Youth Program, absorbed and redirected the .staff of EPA's Community
Relations Division from the Office of Public Affairs, and through the State/EPA
Committee addressed major national environmental concerns of both States and
EPA.
OFFICE OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,946,500 supported by 30.9 total workyears
for this Office, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $47,100 and no change in total workyears. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs. The Office of Federal Activi-
ties (OFA) will: maintain oversight concerning EPA's compliance with the National
Environmental Policy Act, including preparation of the necessary environmental
documents for NEPA compliance, such as Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) and
MS-43
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Findings of No Significant Impact (FNSIs); direct activities to assure compliance
by other Federal agencies with all environmental .statutes pursuant to Executive
Order 12088; and review the budget plans of other agencies to assure adequate
funding of abatement projects pursuant to Office of Management and Budget Circular
A-106; review other Federal agencies' projects and actions, including their EISs
in accordance with Section 309 of the Clean Air Act and NEPA; coordinate the imple-
mentation of EPA programs on Indian reservations; and continue its Council on
Environmental Quality EIS filing activities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,899,400 supported by 30.9
total workyears for this Office, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Office continues to: ensure that EPA programs operate in
comformance with NEPA direct activities pursuant to Executive Order 12088 and
Office of Management and Budget Circular A-106 related to compliance of Federal
installations with environmental regulations; review other Federal actions for
potential environmental impact, analyze EPA policies associated with other Federal
agencies; and oversee the implementation of EPA's Indian Policy, and operate the
Federal EIS filing effort.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,796,700 supported by 33.3 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. The Office focused its activity on: improving allocation and control of fund-
ing for the preparation of NEPA documents (EISs and FNSIs); implementing new proced-
ures for both review of Federal agency actions and interaction with other agencies
as required by NEPA and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act; increasing emphasis on
compliance of Federal agencies with Federal statutory environmental requirements;
developing and implementing an Agency policy with Indian tribes relating to environ-
mental issues on reservation lands.
MS-44
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Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation
-------
I
-p»
U1
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
ACTUAL
1988
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
BUDGET
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$785.7
$785.7
$3,332.8
$3,332.8
$7,559.2
$7,559.2
$4,754.4
$4,754.4
$910.4
$910.4
$2,971.6
$2,971.6
$10,194.7
$.10,194.7
$5,398.7
$5,398.7
$875.6
$875.6
$2,869.0
$2,869.0
$10,094.9
$10,094.9
$5,355.2
$5,355.2
$875.6
$875.6
$2,869.0
$2,869.0
$10,094.9
$10,094.9
$5,355.2
$5,355.2
$888.1
$888.1
$2,884.0
$2,884.0
$11,712.5
$11,712.5
$5,410.1
$5,410.1
$12.5
$12.5
$15.0
$15.0
$1,617.6
$1,617.6
$54.9
$54.9
Office of Management
Systems & Evaluation
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries * Expenses
$2,719.0 $2,948.7 $2,803;7 $2,803.7 $2,945.6 $141.9
TOTAL $2,719.0 $2,948.7 $2,803.7 $2,803.7 $2,945.6 $141.9
$19,151.1 $22,424.1 $21,998.4 $21,998.4 $23,840.3 $1,841.9
Office of Policy, TOTAL $19.151.1 $22,424.1 $21,998.4 $21,998.4 $23,840.3 $1,841.9
Planning and Evaluation
-------
*>.
Ot
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT INCREASE +
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ENACTED ESTIMATE REQUEST DECREASE -
1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 VS 1988
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Standards «
Regulations
Office of Management
Systems £ Evaluation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
12.3 14.9 14.9 13.9 14.9 1.0
14.1 19.0 19.0 18.0 19.0 1.0
49.2 62.9 62.9 51.9 60.8 8.9
59.7 69.3 69.3 57.5 66.8 9.3
49.2 55.0 55.0 47.6 52.6 5.0
184.5 221.1 191.1 188.9 214.1 25.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
14.8
21.1
58.4
14.9
19.0
62.9
14.9
19.0
62.9
14.9
19.0
60.8
14.9
19.0
60.8
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
BUDGET CURRENT INCREASE +
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ENACTED ESTIMATE REQUEST DECREASE -
1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of Standards & 66.2 69.3 69.3 66.8 66.8
Regulations
Office of Management 53.2 55.0 55.0 52.6 52.6
Systems & Evaluation
TOTAL WORKYEARS 213.7 221.1 221.1 214.1 214.1
4^
-J
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $23,840,300 supported by 214.1 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,841,900 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE), under the guidance of
the Assistant Administrator, directs the Agency's regulation development and review
process, formulates Agency policy, and develops planning strategy.
Specifically, OPPE reviews all EPA regulations to ensure consistency with
Agency policy, coordinates all internal Agency reviews of regulations, and examines
regulatory alternatives. Through Its analyses of the economic and environmental
effects of EPA's regulations, policies, and guidance as well as evaluations of the
effectiveness of ongoing Agency programs, OPPE plays a significant role in policy
formulation. Besides developing a framework for a well-run strategic planning
process, OPPE ensures that EPA's program objectives and environmental goals are
clearly defined and met.
In addition, OPPE participates in special issues such as global climate, risk
communication, and integrated environmental management, it emphasizes risk reduc-
tion; coordinated, cross-media approaches to environmental problems and the effi-
cient and effective delivery of environmental results.
Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation This program element
supports the Assistant Administrator'sImmediate Office and provides senior OPPE
managers with policy direction, program planning, budgeting and resource
management.
Integrated Environmental Management Program (IEMP) The IEMP implements
pollution management strategies through Federal-1evel, state-level, and geographic-
specific approaches to program integration.
Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) OPA conducts analyses of the economic
impacts, feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of regulations, policies, and
guidance, and advises senior EPA managers on how the results of such analyses
should influence Agency decision-making.
Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR) OSR manages the Agency's
regulation development and review process, improves the statistical and technical
quality of EPA regulations and data collection, and develops innovative approaches
and alternatives to regulation.
Office of Management Systems and Evaluation (OMSE) OMSE operates the
Agency's central planning and management process and conducts program effectiveness
studies and Regional planning initiatives in order to ensure that programs achieve
the Agency's objectives.
MS-48
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $888,100 supported by 14.9 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $12,500 and no change in total workyears. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs.
. This request will provide the Assistant Administrator with sufficient staff
and resources for the policy direction, special analyses, and budgetary and ad-
ministrative support necessary to manage OPPE and its component offices efficiently
and effectively. It also will enable the Agency to respond appropriately to
General Accounting Office evaluations of EPA programs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $875,600 supported by 14.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation. This program is providing overall policy direction and conducting the
activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $785,700 supported by 14.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These funds supported the basic budgetary, administrative, analytic,
and planning activities necessary to manage OPPE.
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,884,000 supported by 19.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $15,000 and no change in total workyears. The
increase will provide for increased operating costs.
IEMP will complete a limited number of State and Regional demonstration projects
designed as models for transferring multi-media, risk-based environmental management
methods to the States and Regions. Specific products include: State/Regional use
of risk-based tools and integrated environmental management processes to set envi-
ronmental management priorities; State/Regional implementation of environmental
action plans based on those priorities; and institutionalization of a negotiation
process between State-, Regional, and national program managers which appropriately
reflects an efficient balance of Federal/Iocal partnership to address environmental
issues and provides the basis for measuring the value of pollution control action.
Nonparticipating States and Regions will receive some technical assistance. The
science policy group will focus on transferring use of risk analysis techniques
to States and Regions, and on translating scientific research into policies and
procedures needed for decision-making. As EPA comes to rely more on risk assessment/
management as the basis for management and regulatory decisions, the scientific
underpinnings of risk assessment become increasingly vital. Projects will include:
development of weight-of-evidence classification and possibly potency estimation
procedures for non-cancer effects -- both enabling EPA officials to make fuller
use of the available information in weighing costs and health benefits for various
regulatory alternatives; increased standardization of methods and models used
for exposure assessment; creation of classification schemes for addressing
scientific uncertainty in cross-media comparative risk analysis; development
MS-49
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of specific criteria for evaluating environmental threats posed by contaminated
sediments; and identification of biological parameters that can be used to define
and project the effectiveness of EPA regulatory programs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,869,000 supported by 19.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
IEMP is completing the Denver project and beginning the transition from
these methodology-building, site-specific pollution control initiatives to
institutionalization of cross-media risk, cost analysis, and decision-making by
sponsorship of five Regional and State-level integration programs and through
technical assistance to non-program Regions and States. This institutionalization
work is currently proceeding in Regions I, III, and X, in Pennsylvania and Colorado
and for the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians. IEMP also is documenting all
of its geographic and State pilot projects which will be an essential resource
for localities and States as they undertake their own site-specific projects. In
addition, work on developing quantitative methods to assess non-cancer health
effects is continuing. IEMP also is performing case studies of the risk assess-
ments for two chemicals to provide decision-makers with a better understanding of
the uncertainties and margins of safety in Agency risk assessments. In order to
more accurately reflect actual exposure conditions and risks, a study of risks from
air toxics is planned.
1987 Accomplishments '
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,332,800 supported by 21.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
Through its site-specific integration projects, IEMP assisted regulatory
agencies at all levels of government to improve their ability to set priorities for
toxics evaluation and possible control across media, and to devise toxics control
strategies for priority problems that combine explicit cost-effectiveness considera-
tions with statutory and administrative ease of implementation. IEMP continued its
work in Denver and completed site-specific projects in Baltimore, Santa Clara, and
Kanawha Valley. In addition IEMP sponsored a workshop to develop weight-of-evidence
schemes for the assessment of the hazards of non-cancer health effects. These
schemes will aid analysts and decision-makers in understanding the strength and
extensiveness of toxicological data used to develop risk estimates for non-cancer
health effects. IEMP also examined the extent and severity of contaminated marine
sediments and planned a workshop to develop management options.
OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $11,712,500 supported by 60.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $1,617,600 and no change in total workyears. The
increase is to fund studies on global climate change and provide support to the
Center for Risk Management.
OPA will analyze EPA's highest priority regulatory actions and non-regulatory
Initiatives, Including policy implications of the National Acid Precipitation
Program's final report, implementation issues for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
control and tropospheric ozone programs, integrated water quality-based targeting
MS-50
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strategy Implementation, cross-media Impacts of solid wastes and hazardous
substances, the Pesticides Macro Project, the Environmental Resources Inventory
Project, industrial wastes under Subtitle D, and "special waste" regulatory
programs. Benefit/cost analyses required under Executive Order (E.O.) 12291
will continue in all program areas with emphasis on valuation of ozone damages,
fuel desulfurization, hazardous waste regulations, and hazardous waste industry
capacity. The Economic Research Program will continue to help develop new analy-
tical methods to improve risk management. Work on risk assessment/management/
communication will focus on training for EPA staff and technical assistance to
program and Regional offices on specific risk communication problems. OPA also
will provide the Agency support for the Center for Risk Management which is
studying a series of long-term risk issues.
In the area of global climate change, OPA will work closely with the Offices
of Research and Development, and Air and Radiation to follow up on two major
reports to Congress on "Policy Options for Stabilizing Climate" and the "Environ-
mental Effects of Climate Change" to be transmitted in early 1989 as well as with
other agencies and organizations on climate issues, representing EPA in the
Interagency National Climate Program and at conferences sponsored by the World
Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environmental Programme. It
will refine the analytical framework for analyzing stabilization, begin to build
modeling systems for effects, participate in international activities and basic
outreach and communication efforts, study adaptive responses, and work on
climate signal detection and on removing uncertainties in various parts of the
analysis.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,094,900 supported by 60.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
With these resources, OPA is focusing on new stationary and mobile source
controls, new drinking water standards, the National Estuaries Program, wetlands,
non-point sources, Subtitle D regulations for industrial landfills and mining waste,
alternatives for revising definition of hazardous waste and improving the listing/
deli sting process, and new activities concerning stratospheric ozone protection.
Its continuing efforts in the area of global climate change include completing two
draft reports to Congress, the initial framework for estimating future concentra-
tions of trace gases and global temperatures, and analyses of the impact of climate
change on California, the Great Plains, South East and Great Lakes. OPA's Benefits
Program is overseeing implementation of E.O. 12291 and is concentrating on materials
damage assessment, enforcement issues in hazardous waste, and risk estimation for
pesticide decisions. The Economic Research Program is proceeding with its major
pesticides policy project and looking at improved morbidity risk valuation and
labeling for toxic chemicals and pesticides as a supplement to traditional regula-
tion. It also is expanding methodology development and testing for risk communica-
tion as an alternative to regulation for problems, such as indoor radon and lead in
home drinking water. OPA is continuing its efforts to improve EPA's abilities and
the public's understanding in the areas of risk assessment, risk management, and
risk communication through training and by working with the programs to implement
risk-based decision-making.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $7,559,200 supported by 58.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
MS-51
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OPA continued to oversee implementation of E.O. 12291, producing analyses of
EPA's highest priority regulatory actions including major air issues, new drinking
water standards, implications of proposed Subtitle D standards, initial deep well
ban decisions, and the final leaking underground storage tank regulations as well
as non-regulation specific initiatives, such as geographic-based environmental
management (e.g., Great Lakes region) and risk and benefits-based enforcement.
OPA's global climate change efforts included starting work on two reports to
Congress, building the framework for analysis of options to stabilize the atmosphere,
and providing technical support for bilateral activities on climate with the Soviet
Union, China, and Canada. It represented EPA in the interagency National Climate
Program and supported the United States delegation to the international negotiations
on CFCs. OPA directed the Comparative Risk Project which compared the risks
addressed by different EPA programs. In addition, OPA's Benefits Program focused
on advanced treatment and pesticides and placed new emphasis on materials damage
assessment, indoor air quality (radon), and region/site specific benefits analysis.
Its Economic Research Program valued reduction of pollution in wetlands, analyzed
the value of various aspects of state enforcement programs, and undertook new work
on the valuation of risk reduction at hazardous waste sites.
OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $5,410,100 supported by 66.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $54,900 and no change in total workyears. The in-
crease is for additional assistance and Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) oversight in
the collection and dissemination of data EPA must collect under Title III.
OSR will continue to administer and direct the Agency's internal regulation
review and analysis process and to provide quality control and clearance for all
EPA reporting and recordkeeping required of the public. It will review regulatory
and policy documents for compliance with Executive Orders (E.O.) 12291 and 12498,
the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the amended PRA, and Federal Register requirements.
OSR will aid programs in improving survey design, sampling, monitoring, and data
analysis methods as well as support implementation of Data Quality Objectives. It
also will adapt the statistical resources allocation model (enforcement targeting)
for broader application in additional program areas. OSR will continue to promote
the use of consultative and consensual activities in issue resolution and decision-
making and negotiation as an alternative to conventional rule-making where appropri-
ate. Regulatory innovations will focus on waste minimization/management and safer
pesticides. Pesticides support will emphasize a generic approach to risk reduction,
e.g., integrated pest management and clustering of pesticides for analysis by use,
so that additional resources may be devoted to biotechnology issues such as tracking,
monitoring, and emergency response strategies. Analyses in the area of toxic
substances will focus on policy development.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,355,200 supported by 66.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
With these resources, OSR is ensuring compliance with the Executive Orders,
the amended PRA, and other requirements by continuing its technical, statistical
and policy review of existing regulations as well as those under development. OSR
also is ensuring effective and efficient information collection and analysis, pro-
viding support to the program and Regional offices in the collection of data and
statistical analysis of data for regulatory decisions, and investigating application
of its resource allocation 'model to additional program areas. OSR is further
MS-52
-------
reinforcing and institutionalizing the new Steering Committee process and continuing
to promote the use of consultative and consensual techniques. All review of indivi-
dual bubbles and work on pollution trading is being completed and the focus is
turning toward regulatory innovations in the areas of solid waste and pesticides.
OSR is continuing oversight and support of the Office of Pesticides and Toxics
Substances contributing to the development of methods for streamlining the new
chemicals program; improvements in the Agency strategy for controlling existing
chemicals, and demonstration of the use of a cluster approach in performing
comparative risk/benefit analyses.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,754,400 supported by 66.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
OSR managed the Agency's regulation development and review processes, ensured
Agency compliance with the PRA, ensured the technical quality of Agency regulations
and policies, and improved the statistical quality of Agency regulations and data
collection and analysis activities. OSR also pilot-tested the inspection allocation
model developed in 1986 for the Stationary Source program to demonstrate Its
value in conserving enforcement resources and further refined the statistical
maximum likelihood algorithm enabling the Agency to successfully analyze teratology
data. OSR also developed and implemented substantial improvements in the Steering
Committee process, completed three negotiated rules and further demonstrated the
value of various consensual and consultative techniques in dispute resolution and
management decision-making. In addition, OSR continued to work on specific chemi-
cals of concern, e.g., chlorinated solvents, asbestos, and formaldehyde, and con-
tributed substantially to developing the concept of integrated pest management and
pilot testing a cluster approach to more focused pesticide cancellation decisions.
A strategy for handing off implementation of the Emissions Trading Policy to the
program office was developed and approaches to waste minimization explored.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,945,600 supported by 52.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $141,900 and no change 1n total workyears. The
Increase is* to improve the Agency's planning and priority setting process.
OMSEwill continue to manage and refine the Agency's planning and management
system in 1989, supporting the Agency's management reviews, assuring an accurate
Information base on Agency performance, focusing on improving cross-media guidance,
working for a more effective role for States in planning and priority setting,
and assisting the Agency in building its capacity to set priorities on the basis
of risk. In the area of Regional risk management capacity, OMSE will work
to integrate the Agency's data management programs in the Regions with their
evolving roles in risk management and demonstrate ways to use existing environ-
mental data for priority setting. Cross-media evaluations will address issues
such as hazardous waste and hazardous substance impacts on surface water and agri-
cultural chemicals in groundwater. OMSE also will study ways to strengthen State/
EPA programs in such areas as control of air toxics emissions, emergency planning,
and ground water protection and evaluate progress in solid waste management and
waste minimization.
MSr53
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,803,700 supported by 52.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation.
With these resources, OMSE is managing the Agency's planning and management
systems to ensure that resources are directed at the most significant environmental
results, and to maintain an active information system on the Agency's performance.
Emphasis is on increasing consistency in the guidance document across programs,
better reflecting Regional and State variability in programs and needs, and
furthering development of environmental indicators in the guidance process. OMSE
is coordinating the Agency's 1990 planning process with an emphasis on consolidating
the improvements now underway in cross-media cooperation, Regional flexibility,
resolution of State/EPA issues in technology transfer and program delivery, and
building risk management capability in the Regions. OMSE is preparing an update of
the 1984 document, "Environmental Progress and Challenges", the only national
report on environmental progress and EPA programs. Program evaluations already
completed or in progress include examination of EPA's experience with negotiated
rulemaking, indoor radon problems, risk communication, and followup to OMSE's
review of EPA/State relations and performance. OMSE also is reviewing the benefit of
a waste minimization clearinghouse.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,719,000 supported by 53.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
OMSE improved the Agency's longer-term planning process by focusing on five
strategic planning initiatives, increasing the level of analysis of 3-to-5 year
planning issues, and managing a priority-setting process which identified the
Agency's most significant challenges. OMSE supported the Agency's quarterly
management reviews and Regional reviews with staff work on Agency performance and
management issues, and increased the scope and breadth of the bi-weekly action
tracking meetings with senior managers. In the area of Regional planning and
analysis capability, OMSE completed two Regional pilot studies to assess the extent
to which the Agency's management systems provide adequate flexibility to the Regions
to pursue high risk environmental problems unique to each Region. OMSE completed
major studies of the Agency's planning and management system and of State/EPA
delegation and oversight practices, leading to the current focus on higher quality
performance measures and balanced reporting systems. OMSE reviewed Agency over-
sight of public water supply programs and led an initiative to implement the
Agency's management themes, including special emphasis on the issue of State involve-
ment in planning and management. In accordance with EPA's increasing emphasis on
risk assessment and management, OMSE conducted an in-depth study of the Agency's
use of risk advisories and a review of risk-based decision-making in the hazardous
waste program.
MS-54
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Office of Administration
and
Resources Management
-------
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
BUDGET CURRENT
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ENACTED ESTIMATE
1987 1988 1988 1988
BUDGET INCREASE +
REQUEST DECREASE -
1989 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Administration
Salaries & Expenses
Financial Management
Headquarters
Salaries « Expenses
Office of the
Comptroller
Salaries & Expenses
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Contracts and Grants
Management
Salaries * Expenses
Personnel and
Organization Services
Salaries & Expenses
$1,462.2 $1,448.7 $1,314.5
TOTAL $1,462.2 $1,448.7 $1,314.5
$6,351.0 $6,308.0 $6,188.7
TOTAL $6,351.0 $6,308.0 $6,188.7
$5,613.6 $6,253.6 $6,439.9
$38.9
$1,314.5 $1,381.1
$1,314.5 $1,381.1
$6,188.7 $6,478.4
$6,188.7 $6,478.4
$6,439.9 $6,562.6
TOTAL $5,652.5 $6,253.6 $6,439.9 $6,439.9 $6,562.6
$10,049.3 $10,681.8 $10,335.5
TOTAL $10,049.3 $10,681.8 $10,335.5
$8,007.6 $8,153.0 $7,646.9
TOTAL $8,007.6 $8,153.0 $7,646.9
Facilities & Management
Services
Salaries * Expenses
$6,573.0 $7,245.5 $6,829.6
TOTAL $6,573.0 $7,245.5 $6,829.6
$10,335.5 $10,484.5
$10,335.5 $10,484.5
$7,646.9 $7,683.8
$7,646.9 $7,683.8
$6,829.6 $7,033.1
$6,829.6 $7,033.1
$66.6
$66.6
$289.7
$289.7
$122.7
$122.7
$149.0
$149.0
$36.9
$36.9
$203.5
$203.5
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AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
BUDGET CURRENT BUDGET INCREASE +
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ENACTED ESTIMATE REQUEST DECREASE -
1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Information Systems &
Services
Salaries & Expenses $8,073.2 $8,087.9 $7,813.7 $7,813.7 $8,313.7 $500.0
TOTAL $8,073.2 $8,087.9 $7,813.7 $7,813.7 $8,313.7 $500.0
Office of Human
Resources Management
Salaries & Expenses $1,593.5 $1.455.6 $1,587.1 $1,587.1 $1,945.8 $318.7
TOTAL $1,593.5 $1,455.6 $1,587.1 $1.587.1 $1.945.8 $318.7
Administrative
Management - Title III
Salaries & Expenses 645.3 645.3 645.5 $.2
TOTAL 645.3 645.3 645.5 $.2
TOTAL :
Salaries & Expenses $47.723.4 $49,634.1 $48,801.2 $48,801.2 $50.528.5 $1.727.3
Operations, Research $38.9
and Facilities
Office of Admlnl- TOTAL $47.762.3 $49.634.1 $48,801.2 $48,801.2 $50,528.5 $1.727.3
stratlon and Resource
Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
13?'7 I37'7 135'7
67'3 69"7 68-7 "-°
-------
l/>
en
Resources Management
Administrative
Management - Title III
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
BUDGET CURRENT BUDGET INCREASE +
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ENACTED ESTIMATE REQUEST DECREASE -
1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems *
Services
Office of Human
211.2
157.3
161.2
137.3
24.5
226.0
174.9
175.3
146.2
23.2
228.6
174.9
175.3
152.2
24.2
222.6
158.3
167.5
146.6
22.9
226.1
173.4
177.5
150.7
24.9
3.5
15.1
10.0
4.1
2.0
2.7
2.7
2.7
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
907.0
974.0
985.3
948.3
990.3
42.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration
Financial Management
Headquarters
Office of the
Comptroller
24.4 21.0 21.0 21.8 22.0 .2
131.9 137.7 137.7 141.0
141.0
71.2 69.7 68.7 73.0 72.0 -1.0
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oo
AGENCY MANAGEMENT
Office of Administration and Resource Management
BUDGET CURRENT BUDGET INCREASE +
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ENACTED ESTIMATE REQUEST DECREASE -
1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
Administrative
Management - Title III
TOTAL WORKYEARS
217.2
176.4
171.0
147.7
24.7
964.5
226.0
174.9
175.3
146.2
23.2
974.0
228.6
174.9
175.3
152.2
24.2
2.7
985.3
226.3
173.4
173.5
150.7
23.9
2.7
986.3
226.1
173.4
177.5
150.7
24.9
2.7
990.3
-.2
4.0
1.0
4.0
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Agency Management
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $50,528,500 supported by 990.3 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,727,300 and an Increase of 4.0 total workyears from 1988.
All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
The Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) performs admini-
strative management and support functions to all of EPA, and provides a full range
of administrative services to Headquarters and our two largest non-Regional field
operations ~ Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
The Office also controls the Agency's central planning and budgeting process which
allocates workyear and financial resources among program areas and ensures adequate
funds control. In addition, the Office directs a Human Resources Management program
for all Agency employees.
The Immediate Office of the Assistant Administrator provides overall program
direction and resource management for all Office activities, as well as Agencywide
administrative support policy. There are six organizational components under the
Assistant Administrator for Administration and Resources Management: Office of
the Comptroller, Office .of Administration, Office of Information Resources Manage-
ment, Office of Human Resources Management, and the Offices of Administration at
Research Triangle Park and Cincinnati. The Office of the Comptroller provides
Agencywide financial services as well as budget development and execution and
Agencywide internal control activities. The Office of Administration provides
services in the areas of personnel administration, facilities management, organi-
zational analysis, contracts and grants management, and occupational health and
safety. The Office of Information Resources Management directs the Agency's in-
formation resources management program and library services. The Office of Human
Resources Management provides workforce planning, career development, and executive
management services to EPA employees. Our RTP and Cincinnati offices provide
administration services to the environmental programs at EPA's major research
locations. A brief description of each of the program elements included in OARM
fol1ows:
Program Management - Administration This component consists of the Assist-
ant Administrator s immediate office which provides oversight and planning func-
tions, performs all of the budgeting and resource management activities for OARM,
and provides centralized analysis and reporting on internal control activities
and OARM's portion of the Administrator's Action Tracking and Strategic Planning
and Management Systems.
Financial Management - Headquarters This component includes financial
management, financial policydevelopment, accounting, and financial reporting
activities for Headquarters and field offices.
Office of the Comptroller This component develops and operates EPA's
program planning and budgeting system; analyzes and prepares Agency budgets for
submission to Congress and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB); maintains
the Agency's allocation, control and review system for all workyear and financial
resources; and oversees EPA's management efficiency programs.
MS-59
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Contracts and Grants Management This component establishes Agencywide
contracts and grants policy, awards and manages Headquarters grants and other
financial assistance programs, and awards and administers contracts and small
purchases at Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park.
Personnel and Organization Services This component provides personnel
services at Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park, as well as Agency-
wide management analysis, and occupational health and safety functions.
Facilities and Management Services -- This component provides facilities
management services to EPA operations in Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research
Triangle Park.
Information Systems and Services This component provides Agencywide
automated data processing (ADP) systems management as well as library services at
Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park.
Administrative Management - Title III This component provides administra-
tive servicesthat support the TitleTil program with emphasis on information
management requirements.
Human Resources Management This component provides Agencywide workforce
planning, career development, and executive management services to EPA employees.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,381,100 supported by 22.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents an Increase of $66,600 and .2 total workyears from 1988.
The increase will support additional operating costs. In 1989, the Office will
continue to provide guidance and direction as well as program and administrative
support for OARM, direct and manage OARM's resources, administer and report on
OARM's portions of the Administrator's Action Tracking System and the Strategic
Planning and Management System, and conduct strategies to enhance the efficiency
and effectiveness of the Agency. This Office will also coordinate and consolidate
OARM's internal control reporting, ensure compliance with the Freedom of Information
Act and Agency audit recommendation, and oversee OARM information management needs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,314,500 supported by 21.8
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are used for overall policy direction and guidance
to the Agency's management programs, budget development and execution, review of
organization and consolidation issues, continued strengthening of EPA's financial,
budgetary, contracts and information resources management programs, as well as
initiation of management effectiveness strategies within the Agency.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,462,200 supported by 24.4 total
workyears for this program all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These resources were used to provide Office-wide management and policy
direction, manage the development and execution of OARM's budget, provide Action
Tracking and Strategic Planning .and Management reports, coordinate Internal control
reporting and responses to Freedom of Information Act requests, and conduct special
analyses and projects on Agencywide management issues.
MS-60
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,478,400 supported by 141.0 total, workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $289,700 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase will support a new financial management system. The office's priority
for 1989 is to implement an Integrated Financial Management System in support of
OMB Circular A-127. The installation will require additional data analysis,
module testing, and policies and procedures; contract management support; and
training of Headquarters and Regional staff. Other initiatives include: (1)
strengthening the integrity of basic operations by supporting initiatives that
improve the delivery of financial services to clients and implement strong quality
assurance for all functions and locations; (2) improving analytic and reporting
capabilities by developing a program directed at improving financial data analysis
and enhance reporting capabilities; and (3) maintaining a long range strategic
planning program to enable the Division to identify future objectives and achieve
them in a planned and logical manner. This request will also allow Headquarters,
Cincinnati, Las Vegas and RTF offices to provide necessary financial accounting and
fiscal services.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,188,700 supported by 141.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources provide a full array of financial services to EPA
managers, including: payroll, accounting, debt collection, accounts payable and
policy guidance. This program also manages the Agency's Financial Management
System. The 1988 program emphasis is on implementing the Office of Management and
Budget's Circular A-127 requirements, implementing Section 4 of the Federal
Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982, increasing the timeliness of payments
processed as required by the Prompt Payment Act, exploring further cash management
initiatives, and bringing the Financial Management System into full compliance
with General Accounting Office standards.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $6,351,000 supported by 131.9 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. With
these resources, the Agency improved the financial services provided by Headquarters
and Research Triangle Park financial operations, developed standard quality assur-
ance programs for the Agency, developed a long-term planning process for the Finan-
cial Management System, completed a Comptroller Directives System for consolidation
of all financial policies and procedures, and transferred the software programs to
operate the Financial Management System to the National Computer Center.
OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,562,600 supported by 72.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $122,700 and decrease of 1.0 total workyear
from 1988. The increase in funds will support the continued implementation of OMB
Circular A-127, a major initiative which will integrate and improve the Agency's
financial management systems and support of the Agency's privatization efforts.
These efforts will encourage privatization of activities which can be more efficient-
ly operated by the private sector. The decrease reflects management efficiencies
and productivity improvements.
MS-61
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These resources will provide the Office of the Comptroller with the
capabilities to perform all mandatory activities associated with OMB and Congres-
sional budget submissions for 1990 and 1991, provide budget analyses and reports
to Agency program Offices through the Resource Planning and Budgeting System, and
maintain an allocation, control and review system for all workyear and financial
resources. The Office will continue its focus on maintaining of EPA's Productivity
Improvement Program, which will reduce costs and enhance program effectiveness
across the Agency. The Comptroller will also continue to implement the Federal
Managers' Financial Integrity Act, and implement OMB Circular A-76.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,439,900 supported by 73.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources the Office of the Comptroller develops current
and outyear budget guidance to program and Regional offices, analyzes budget issues,
develops and implements Agency budget policy, and administers and provides policy
guidance to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,652,500 supported by 71.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, this program managed the development of the
1988 Operating Plans, provided budget and policy guidance to Program and Regional
offices for the 1989 budget request, performed oversight of audit resolution and
follow-up, implemented the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act, and continued
EPA's Productivity Improvement Program.
CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $10,484,500 supported by 226.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $149,000 and a decrease of .2 total workyears from
1988. The increase will provide for additional contract support. The decrease
is due to management efficiencies. In the contracts area, the request will enable
the Agency to process and award new contracts and purchase orders, manage and close
out existing contracts, evaluate contractor cost proposals, process contract ter-
minations and claims, and provide technical review, policy compliance, and admini-
strative oversight and management to the three contracting and purchasing offices
in Headquarters, Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park (RTP). In the grants area,
these funds will allow the Agency to develop and interpret policy and procedural
guidance for Agencywide assistance programs, award and administer Headquarters
grants and loans, cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements, respond to
requests for assistance from Regions and Federal assistance recipients, continue to
modify, update, and simplify our assistance regulations, continue inhouse audit and
cost analyses, and noncompliance efforts against program participants who abuse the
privileges of Federal assistance, and address OMB Circular A-127 requirements.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $10,335,500 supported by 226.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to perform a full range of grants
and contracts activities that include awarding and administering contracts, grants,
MS-62
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loans, purchase orders, and interagency agreements. This also includes negotiating
indirect cost rates, processing terminations and claims, managing contracting
offices at Headquarters, Cincinnati and RTF, developing suspension and debarment
cases under EPA assistance and procurement programs, addressing A-127 initiatives,
developing policy, internal review in both the contracts and grants -areas,
developing a new automated assistance document system for the Regions, and provid-
ing project contracting officer training.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $10,049,300 supported by 217.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The major accomplishments in this program area included increased
emphasis on contract management, continued implementation of the Federal Acquisi-
tion Regulation, improvement of the contract planning system and automated
procurement and grants document system, issuance of additional awards for the
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Program, development of the Grants Information
System Management Council, continued to simplification of grants procedures., and
the taking of noncompliance actions against and the recovery of Federal funds from
program participants who abuse the privileges of Federal assistance.
PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION SERVICES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,683,800 supported by 173.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $36,900 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase supports additional operating costs. This program will continue to
perform aggressive and client-oriented personnel services and direction in the
areas of recruitment, position management, classification, performance management,
pay administration, personnel and payroll processing, labor-management and employee-
management relations, personnel information systems management, equal opportunity
employment, and technical assistance and advisory services. Efforts will also
focus on performing management and organization improvement analyses, managing
delegations of authority and reorganizations, developing Agency forms, overseeing
EPA public advisory committees, and directing the Agency's directives system.
Finally, the program will continue coordination and management of Agencywide
health and safety programs, and performance of environmental compliance audits at
EPA facilities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,646,900 supported by 173.4
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources support high quality and responsive personnel
services, implementation of human resources initiatives including improvement to
the Performance Management System and development of a multi-faceted training
and development program for managers and staff at all levels, a cross-media
developmental exchange package, a comprehensive program to provide continued
assistance on the Federal Employee Retirement System (FERS), and Civil Service
Reform System (CSRS) Retirement programs. Resources continue to support improved
utilization of personnel data information systems, a more focused position manage-
ment program, and continued support to meet the Agency's specialized recruitment
needs. The resources also provide for performance of additional management
reviews with the primary focus on Headquarters offices, expansion of management
and organization services to Regional and Headquarters offices, performance of
environmental audits for EPA facilities, and implementation of Agency health and
safety programs.
MS-63
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,007,600 supported by 176.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. The Agency continued efforts to meet specialized and hard-to-fill
recruitment needs, completed a wide range of internal control improvements,
issued a comprehensive Performance Management System (PMS) planning package and
institutionalized other PMS system improvements, developed brochures for supervisors
and employees on hiring authorities and the handicapped employment program,
and expanded automated personnel data bases and improved information systems
capabilities. Also performed were environmental compliance audits for EPA
facilities and management assistance was provided to virtually every EPA office
resulting in organizational and management improvements ranging from strengthened
management processes to streamlined organizational arrangements.
FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,033,100 supported by 177.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $203,500 and an increase of 4.0 total workyears from
1988. The increase reflects new Headquarters' Delegation Authority received from
the General Services Administration. With these resources the Agency will
administer the Nationwide Support, Headquarters Support, and Buildings and
Facilities budgets, provide operational support and housekeeping services, and
monitor and direct contractor resources under support contracts.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,829,600 supported by 173.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These funds are being used to provide timely, .high quality and
cost effective facilities management and support services for EPA facilities in
Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
These resources provide ongoing services in the areas of property and space manage-
ment, building operational services, office support services, real estate and
lease enforcement support, transportation management, printing and publication
operations, security services, and facilities design and construction management.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $6,573,000 supported by 171.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources the Agency provided responsive facilities management
services to EPA facilities in Washington, RTP and Cincinnati, established better
administrative controls over property management, effectively managed space needs,
and provided effective security services. In 1987, the Agency and GSA signed a
Delegation of Authority which transferred authority to the Agency for operation
and lease administration of the Waterside Mall and Fairchild Buildings. In addi-
tion, this program supervised the design and start of construction of the radiation
laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama and the full containment facility in Cincinnati,
Ohio.
MS-64
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,313,700 supported by 150.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $500,000 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase will provide for increased operating costs. The requested resources
will enable the Agency to maintain current, centrally administered information
systems and services in support of EPA programs and the public. This program
provides the personnel to manage the Agency's central and distributed computing
and data transmission network, its major administrative and programmatic data
systems, and library services. In addition, these resources will permit the Agency
to continue to strengthen information resources management including long and
short-range Automated Data Processing (ADP) planning, ADP security, records manage-
ment, software and data standards, and internal controls on information resources.
Emphasis is also placed on technical support for the Regional ADP Modernization
effort and improving data sharing with State environmental agencies.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,813,700 supported by 150.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. Continued efforts will be devoted to improve information systems
planning by EPA programs, strengthen information security, and to continue the
effort to implement and update the Agency financial management systems in response
to GAO and Executive Branch requirements. A major effort to integrate State/EPA
data systems and improve the exchange of environmental data continues to be
expanded to all the States.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,073,200 supported by 147.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. During 1987, EPA continued to update its accounting systems in response
to the General Accounting Office (GAO) requirements, and continued support of the
regional ADP modernization program. Significant progress was made in the internal
information security program and in the establishment of internal information
management policy guidelines. Phase I of our State/EPA data management program
was successfully implemented in eleven more States. This program was implemented
previously in the State of Georgia.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - TITLE III
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $645,500 supported by 2.7 total workyears for
this program, all of which .will be from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $200 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase will provide for increased operating costs. The activities planned
reflect the transition of the program from its implementation phases to full
operation in some areas such as Section 313 (the Toxics Emission Inventory Report)
and the continued design and implementation activities for reporting requirements
resulting from other sections of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act.
MS-65
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $645,300, supported by 2.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. This funding provides for the implementation of information systems
to support this program. In addition, this supports continued analysis of require-
ments, investment in new or enhanced computer systems, and the implementations of
new applications. The character of the data in this activity is multi-media;
therefore, this program will stress that cross-program data and systems be integrated
to the maximum feasible extent, in order to make cost effective use of existing
capabilities.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $178,100 supported by .3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. Resources provided for the initial" start-up of the program which
included initial requirements analysis and the start of new applications.
OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,945,800 supported by 24.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $358,700 an increase of 1.0 total workyears from
1988. The increase will support in-house training programs. This level of funding
will support OHRM's efforts to institutionalize human resource efforts, including:
1) increasing the number of program offices that engage in Human Resources
planning;
2) continuing efforts to ensure that EPA has the highest quality supervisors,
managers and executives;
3) providing strategies to program offices seeking to improve employee and
organizational effectiveness and productivity;
4) evaluating the effectiveness of the Agency's human resources management
efforts;
5) linking the EPA Institute concept to all internal training Agencywide,
and state environmental training; and
6) continuing to support ongoing programs such as the Senior Executive
Service and the Presidential Management Intern Programs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,587,100 supported by 23.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to build a career development
system at EPA, provide workforce planning tools, expand the in-house training
capacity through the Institute, and establish criteria for managerial excellence
and develop training and policies to match those criteria. In addition, these
resources are used to perform personnel operations for Senior Executive Service
(SES) members, and support the operations of the Candidate Development Program and
the Presidential Management Program.
MS-66
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,593,500 supported by 24.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. During the third year of program operation two workforce planning studies
were undertaken; the EPA Institute was established and 20 courses were offered with
2000 employees participating; the managerial excellence criteria was used in
selecting a new class for the Candidate Development Program and a job analyses of
Chemists and Physical Scientists was completed.
MS-67
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Regional Management
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regi onal Management MS-69
Resource Management - Regions MS-72
Financial Management - Regions MS-73
Personnel Management - Regions MS-73
Administrative Management - Regions MS-74
Regional Management . MS-75
Regional Counsel MS-75
Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions MS-76
MS-68
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REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
i
O»
IO
PROGRAM
Resource Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Personnel Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Administrative
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
$1,629.3
$1,629.3
$2,833.0
$2,833.0
$3,396.9
$3,396.9
$6,099.2
$6,099.2
$9,986.1
$9,986.1
$3,940.5
$3,940.5
$2,401.9
$2,401.9
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,800.7 $1,657.2
$1,800.7 $1,657.2
$3,016.9
$3,016.9
$3,355.5
$3,355.5
$6,423.7
$6,423.7
$9,878.7
$9,878.7
$4,393.6
$4,393.6
$2,801.3
$2,801.3
$2,816.7
$2,816.7
$3,311.3
$3,311.3
$6,034.8
$6,034.8
$9,787.3
$9.787.3
$4,047.5
$4,047.5
$3,117.5
$3,117.5
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
$1,657.2
$1,657.2
$2,816.7
$2,816.7
$3,311.3
$3,311.3
$6,034.8
$6,034.8
$9,787.3
$9,787.3
$4,047.5
$4,047.5
$3,117.5
$3,117.5
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
$1,822.6
$1,822.6
$3,042.7
$3,042.7
$3,478.0
$3,478.0
$6,335.0
$6,335.0
$9,833.1
$9,833.1
$4,047.5
$4,047.5
$3,561.7
$3,561.7
$165.4
$165.4
$226.0
$226.0
$166.7
$166.7
$300.2
$300.2
$45.8
$45.8
$444.2
$444.2
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f
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL:
Salaries « Expenses $30,286.9 $31,670.4 $30,772.3 $30,772.3 $32,120.6 $1,348.3
Regional Management ' TOTAL $30,286.9 $31,670.4 $30,772.3 $30,772.3 $32,120.6 $1,348.3
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Resource Management - 37.2 41.0 41.0 36.8 41.0 4.2
Regions
Financial Management - 82.3 89.7 89.7 83.4 89.7 6.3
Regions
Personnel Management - 88.2 93.0 93.0 84.7 93.0 8.3
Regions
Administrative 153.6 172.6 172.6 155.7 171.8 16.1
Management - Regions
Regional Management 181.4 190.1 190.1 172.1 186.8 14.7
Regional Counsel 74.1 82.5 82.5 77.3 82.5 5.2
Planning, Evaluation « 51.3 60.1 80.1 75.8 80.1 4.3
Analysis - Regions
i
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 668.1 729.0 749.0 685.8 744.9 59.1
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?
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Regional Management
ACTUAL BUDGET .
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Management
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
42.4
92.1
101.8
177.6
206.7
83.4
59.8
41.0
89.7
93.0
172.6
190.1
82.5
60.1
41.0
89.7
93.0
172.6
190.1
82.5
80.1
41.0
89.7
93.0
171.8
187.8
82.5
80.1
41.0
89.7
93.0
171.8
186.8 -1.0
82.5
80.1
Analysis - Regions
TOTAL WORKYEARS
763.8
729.0
749.0
745.9
744.9
-1.0
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MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Regional Management
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,120,600 supported by 744.9 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,348,300 and a decrease of 1 total workyear from 1988.
All of the request Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Program Description
Regional Management provides executive direction to the Regional offices;
Regional administrative and financial services; budget development and execution;
and legal and analytic support to the Regional Administrators. This program
contains the following program elements:
Resource Management - Regions This component provides resources to develop
Regional budgets and operating plans, participate in the workload analysis process,
manage current year resources, and enhance resource management and control in the
Regions.
Financial Management - Regions This component provides sound financial
accounting and reporting services for the Regional offices.
Personnel Management - Regions This component provides basic personnel
services, including staffing, classification, and training to the Regional offices.
Administrative Management - Regions This component includes mini-computer
systems management, library support, safety, security, printing and copying, faci-
lities management, small purchases, and other administrative functions.
Regional Management This component includes the Regional Administrators and
their immediate staffs, public affairs, Congressional and intergovernmental liaison,
as well as the basic staff functions of Civil Rights.
Regional Counsel This component includes the Offices of Regional Counsel
which assisttHeRegional Administrators in ensuring that their decisions are
legally defensible and consistent with national legal interpretations. They
represent the Regional offices in defensive litigation activities, review Regional
rulemakings, and assist States in obtaining delegation of programs.
Planning, Evaluation, and Analysis - Regions This component includes
resources that provide analytical support to the Regional Administrators to assure
the efficient and effective operation of EPA Regions. Activities include program
planning, accountability reporting, program evaluation, economic analysis, and
Regional participation in EPA's regulatory process.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,822,600 supported by 41.0 total workyears,
all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents
an increase of $165,400 and no change in total workyears from 1988. This level of
funding supports Regional resource management and control activities including
budget and operating plan development and workload analysis. In addition, these
resources will allow the Regional offices to continue implementing the Federal
Managers' Financial Integrity Act and further strengthen funds control.
MS-72
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,657,200 supported by 41.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to conduct budgeting and resource
analysis functions in the ten Regional offices.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,629,300 supported by 42.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. These resources allowed Regional Administrators to effectively and
efficiently manage their resources and operating plan processes.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,042,700 supported by 89.7 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $226,000 and no change in total workyears from
1988. The increase supports additional operating costs. The Regions will continue
conducting internal control reviews as required by the Federal Managers' Financial
Integrity Act of 1982; and Cash Management Reviews, as mandated by the Deficit
Reduction Act of 1984. The acquisition of microcomputers will provide the staff
with the necessary tools to develop automated improvements to recurring operations.
This level of funding will allow the Financial Management Offices to provide basic
financial services and maintain ongoing financial management functions. The
Financial Management Offices will continue to provide accounting, payment process-
ing, billings and collections for grants, travel, payroll, contracts, purchase
orders, and all other financial transactions, as well as payroll support and general
ledger activities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,816,700 supported by 89.7
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services,
and comprehensive financial management.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,833,000 supported by 92.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. With these resources, the Financial Management Offices provided
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting services, and
comprehensive financial management.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,478,000 supported by 93.0 total workyears
for this program,' all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $166,700 and no change in total workyears from
1988. The resources will allow Regional Personnel Offices to meet basic regulatory
MS-73
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requirements and maintain current service levels. These services include processing
recruitment and classification actions, entering data and updates to the Agency's
payroll system, providing advisory services and reorganization reviews,
administering the grievance system, negotiating with unions, and managing the
Performance Management and Recognition System.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,311,300 supported by 93.0
total workyears to this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to formalize local human resources
management programs, provide for recruitment, staffing and classification actions,
conduct position management and pay administration, process personnel and payroll
transactions, administer grievance system and disciplinary action procedures,
provide employment development and training, consult and negotiate with local
unions, conduct special studies, and advise Regional managers on the above
functions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,396,900 supported by 101.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources, the Regional Personnel Offices provided ongoing
personnel services to support the accomplishment of the Regions' program operations
and goals, provided better training programs for Regional employees, and initiated
of human resources management programs.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1989 Program
The Agency requests a total of $6,335,000 supported by 171.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $300,200 and no change in total workyears from
1988. These resources will allow the Regions to provide administrative management
services that include maintaining administrative information systems and minicom-
puter operations, ensuring ADP operations support for Regional programs, managing
word processing equipment and ADP systems acquisition, and coordinating Regional
records management. Development of State data management plans to ensure efficient
and reliable methods of State/EPA data sharing will receive priority attention.
In addition this program will continue to direct contracting and purchasing
activities, ensure the safety and security of Regional personnel, manage property
and supplies, provide general office services, and provide program management for
all support services..
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,034,800 supported by 171.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. These resources are being used to provide the Regions with admin-
istrative management activities in the areas of information management, small
purchases and procurements, health and safety, and facilities support. This
program will continue to design pilot plans for improved methods for EPA and States
to share environmental data.
MS-74
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $6,099,200 supported by 177.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. With these resources, the Regions provided administrative management
services as well as implementation of information management plans to increase use
of personal computers and integrate electronic telecommunications lines to achieve
cost savings and productivity gains.
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $9.,833,100 supported by 186.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $45,800 and a decrease of 1.0 total workyears.
The increase will provide for increased operating costs. The decrease in work-
years reflects management efficiencies. The budget request will enable the Regional
offices to continue to shape and articulate policy for State and local governments;
respond to inquiries from Congress, the news media and the public; establish regular
communications with public interest, environmental and business groups; and maintain
an effective Equal Employment Opportunity program. In 1989, Regional management
emphasis will be put on information coordination and dissemination of the increasing
number of information requests including Freedom of Information requests, which are
increasing by approximately 20 percent per year.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $9.787,300 and 187.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation. Basic press services and media relations activities are being main-
tained as well as policy guidance and executive direction for the Region' as a
whole. The program will continue the processing of Freedom of Information (FOI)
requests, issuing critical news releases, maintaining a Regional Equal Employment
Opportunity program, responding to Congressional Inquiries, and coordinating EPA
involvement in major State environmental issues.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $9,986,100 and 206.7 total workyears for this
program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This pro-
gram provided support for the Regional Administrators and their immediate staffs,
as well as for the basic staff functions of public affairs, Congressional and
intergovernmental activities, and the equal employment opportunity function.
REGIONAL COUNSEL
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,047,500 supported by 82.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988.
The Offices of Regional Counsel will continue to handle defensive litigation
involving principally Regional issues. They will provide advice and counsel to
Regional programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; assist States by reviewing
State program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate legal
authorities; and support Agency contract and assistance programs through resolution
of grant appeals, bid protests, and debarment and suspension actions.
MS-75
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,047,500 supported by 82.5
total, workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel handle defensive litigation involv-
ing principally Regional issues. They provide advice and counsel to Regional
programs; review Regional rulemaking actions; and assist States by reviewing State
program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate legal author-
ities. Additionally, the Regional Counsels continue to support Agency contract and
assistance programs through resolution of grant appeals, bid protest, and debarment
and suspension actions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,940,500 supported by 83.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which^ was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation. In 1987, the Regional Counsels supported Agency priorities by
providing legal advice and support to Regional managers and defending the Agency in
litigation filed against it. They also advised on actions such as grants, contracts,
and personnel actions. Additionally, Regional Counsel activities included advising
State agencies on the legal requirements for assuming environmental protection
programs, assisting in drafting appropriate regulatory language, and helping to
negotiate and document the terms of delegation agreements.
PLANNING. EVALUATION. AND ANALYSIS - REGIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,561,700 supported by 80.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $444,200 and no change in total workyears. The
increase is to support risk assessment, management, and communication activities
in the Regions.
These resources will provide the ten Regional Administrators with the staff
needed to perform essential planning, evaluation, and analysis activities. In
addition, each Region will continue to develop an overall strategy for improving
the use of risk analysis in its decision-making by: continuing to work with the
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) in building priority-setting and
planning processes and in improving the ability to set priorities based on risk
reduction; increasing the scientific or technical risk capability in each Region;
initiating programs to facilitate information exchange among State environmental
agencies on new technical and management applications; developing new methods to
explain environmental risks to the public; and identifying specific training needs
and sponsoring classes for employees in risk-related techniques. These staffs also
will support OPPE efforts to deliver risk-based, cross-media environmental protec-
tion in the field and to institutionalize the concepts of risk reduction within the
Regional organizations and within the States.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,117,500 supported by 80.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Necessary planning, evaluation and analysis functions are occurring including
the development of two pilot projects for managing for environmental results; assess-
ment of the Mining Wastes and Denver Air Toxics Action Plans; identification of over-
lapping areas of statutory regulations which effect inter-media program efforts and
MS-76
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coordination; evaluation of enforcement agreement implementation; and examination of
State environmental agencies' funding and staffing. Three Regions (I, III, and X)
are participating in OPPE's Regional integration programs. All Regions also are
devoting additional resources to beginning the development of comprehensive Regional
risk reduction strategies to establish the necessary institutional framework for
addressing risk assessment, management, and communication. First steps involve
examining the Regions' priority setting process, developing a more objective means
of setting priorities (perhaps through use of Geographic Information System (GIS)
technologies) and establishing a process for increased Regional participation in
developing Agency priorities -and assessing Regional risk reduction efforts.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,401,900 supported by 59.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, to conduct the planning, evaluation, and analysis functions in the ten
Regional offices.
This funding provided necessary planning, evaluation, and analysis support
in the Regions. Such support included recommending improvements to the Regional
planning and accountability processes and assessing whether particular Regional
programs were achieving the environmental results indicated in their management
objectives; analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of Regional and State
environmental programs in meeting Agency goals and in addressing their statutory
and regulatory program responsibilities; and studying Regional management systems,
key processes, and organizations that focus on increasing Regional efficiency,
productivity, and effectiveness. The Regional offices also began to apply risk
assessment concepts to operating programs and integrate data which provides the
basis for environmental decision-making and cost-effective use of resources, as
evidenced in the State Pilot Projects for Improved Environmental Decision-Making
in Oregon, Kansas, Kentucky, New Jersey, and Maryland.
MS-77
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Support Costs
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs . MS-79
Professional Training MS-82
Nationwide Support Services MS-82
Headquarters Support Services MS-83
Regional Support Services MS-83
Automated Data Processing Support Costs MS-84
Automated Data Processing Support - Title III MS-85
Lab Support - Research & Development MS-85
Lab Support - Air & Radiation MS-86
Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances MS-86
MS-78
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vl
IO
Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
$493.7
$493.7
SUPPORT
Support
BUDGET
ESTIMATE.
1988
(DOLLARS IN
$520.4
$520.4
COSTS
Costs
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
$520.4
$520.4
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
$520.4
$520.4
REQUEST
1989
$520.4
$520.4
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
Nationwide Support
Services
Salaries & Expenses
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Headquarters Support
Services
Salaries « Expenses
Regional Support
Services
Salaries 4 Expenses
Automated Data
Processing Support
Costs
Salaries & Expenses
$58,731.5 $71,962.5 $70,647.9 $70,647.9 $75,490.2 $4,842.3
$909.4
TOTAL $59,640.9 $71,962.5 $70,647.9 $70,647.9 $75,490.2 $4,842.3
$36,419.6 $36,386.3 $35,597.9 $35,597.9 $40,959.2 $5,361.3
TOTAL $36,419.6 $36,386.3 $35,597.9 $35,597.9 $40,959.2 $5,361.3
$33,899.5 $25,373.6 $28,103.9 $28,103.9 $30,214.5 $2,110.6
TOTAL $33,899.5 $25,373.6 $28,103.9 $28,103.9 $30,214.5 $2,110.6
$31,939.6 $32,000.0 $31,338.5 $31,338.5 $32,800.0 $1,461.5
TOTAL $31,939.6 $32,000.0 $31,338.5 $31,338.5 $32,800.0 $1,461.5
ADP SUPPORT - TITLE III
Salaries £ Expenses
$808.0 $808.0 $825.0 $17.0
TOTAL $808.0 $808.0 $825.0 $17.0
Lab Support-Research &
Development
Salaries * Expenses
$6,040.6 $6,002.6 $6,298.4 $6,298.4 $7,798.4 $1,500.0
TOTAL $6,040.6 $6,002.6 $6,298.4 $6,298.4 $7,798.4 $1,500.0
-------
I
00
o
SUPPORT COSTS
Support Costs
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1989 VS 1988
Lab Support - A1r And
Radiation
Salaries * Expenses
Lab Support -
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Support Costs
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1.785.9 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,853.2 $100.0
TOTAL $1,785.9 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,753.2 $1,853.2 $100.0
$247.0 $251.4 $251.4 $251.4 $451.4 $200.0
TOTAL $247.0 $251.4 $251.4 $251.4 $451.4 $200.0
$169,557.4 $174,250.0 $175,319.6 $175,319.6 $190,912.3 $15,592.7
$909.4
TOTAL $179,360.6 $174,250.0 $175,319.6 $175,319.6 $190,912.3 $15,592.7
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Regional Support
Services
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
6
2.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
-4.0
TOTAL HORKYEARS
Regional Support
Services
TOTAL WORKYEARS
6
2.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
-4.0
-------
MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
Support Costs
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $190,912,300 for 1989, an increase of
$15,592,700 from 1988. All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
Program Description
The Agency Support Services components provide funds for general support to
all Agency programs except Superfund. Programs under support services are:
Professional Training This component provides Agencywide training to
executive, supervisory, secretarial, clerical, scientific and technical employees.
Nationwide Support Services This component provides Agencywide services
for th"e following support functions: facilities rental and associated costs;
payments to the U.S. Postal Services; Federal Telecommunications Service (FTS);
nationwide security services; reimbursements to the Federal Employees' Compensation
Fund; payments to the Public Health Service for personnel and administrative
services for commissioned officers assigned to EPA; and contracts and Intergovern-
mental Agreements which support EPA's occupational health and safety program, and
the finance and payroll systems.
Headquarters Support Services This program provides office, building, and
information management services to Headquarters and the research center at Research
Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Regional Support Services This component provides office, building, and
information management services for Regional offices.
Automated Data Processing Support Costs ~ This component provides
computing and related data processing services to all Agency programs.
ADP Support - Title III This component provide systems development and
operation services for the Title III program.
Lab Support - Research and Development ~ This component provides support
services to the Office of Research and Development's seven remote laboratories
(those located outside Cincinnati, and Research Triangle Park). These costs are
not covered by the Headquarters Support account, which funds similar items in
Headquarters, Cincinnati, and RTP.
Lab Support - Air and Radiation This component provides support services
to the MotorVehicle Emissions Laboratory, the Eastern Environmental Radiation
Facility, and the Las Vegas facility.
Lab Support - Pesticides and Toxic Substances This component provides
support servicestolaboratoriesTnBeltsville,Raryland and Bay St. Louis,
Mississippi.
MS-81
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PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $520,400 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. There is no change from 1988.
This request will maintain current training and development programs mandated by
statute and the Office of Personnel Management (0PM) as well as support human
resources management initiatives. At this level of funding, the Agency will con-
tinue to offer training and development to managers and support staff. Scientific
and technical courses will be developed. The Institute will add to its
current offerings. Employees will increase their cross-agency experiences through
the rotational assignment program. Career development activities will be enhanced
in order to help employees develop and maintain needed skills.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $520,400 for this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are being
used to build a broadly experienced and skilled cadre of EPA managers and staff
through expansion of individual and organizational human resources development
programs. These programs are based on comprehensive Agencywide need assignments
conducted annually and review of career development plans. The EPA Institute is
a major vehicle for providing cost-effective training. The core courses for the
managerial curriculum and the Support staff are being delivered. The Human
Resources Council and the advisory committees continue to play a vital role in
identifying human resource needs and assisting the Agency in implementing
initiatives.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $493,700 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds were utilized
to provide training in the areas of supervisory management, executive development,
clerical skills, and technical and scientific development.
NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $75,490,200 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $4,842,300 from 1988. The request will cover space rental and FTS rate increases
as well as cost escalations to service contracts. These funds will pay for Agency-
wide support costs including space rental, postage, FTS and telecommunications
costs, national security, Code of Federal Regulations typesetting, unemployment
compensation, workmen's compensation, health and safety studies, and personnel
support for Public Health Service commissioned officers.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $70,647,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used by the Agency to provide efficient nationwide services .to the Agency
workforce.
MS-82
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total ' of $59,640,900 for this program, of
which $58,731,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $909,400
was from the Operations, Research, and Facilities appropriation. These resources
allowed the Agency to pursue several Nationwide Support efforts in the areas of
space planning, telecommunications, information security, and personal property
management. These resources also assisted Regional offices in relocation and
expansion moves.
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $40,959,200 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $5,361,300 from 1988. The increase will provide for cost increases for utilities
and cost escalations to service contracts, as well as cover anticipated utility
rate increases. It will also support information management services and provide
ADP technical support for the State/EPA Data Management Program, the Integrated
Financial Management System, and expert systems. These resources will provide
ongoing Headquarters Support services including motor pool, printing and copying,
telephones, utilities, facilities operations and maintenance, and ADP technical
support to EPA operations in Washington, Research Triangle Park (RTP), North
Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $35,597,900 for this program,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used to provide ongoing office, building, and information management services
to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and Cincinnati. With this funding level the
Agency will provide critical ongoing services necessary to operate and manage EPA
facilities, office supply/support services, and management information systems.
Additionally, the Agency will carry-out its operating plans for new delegations of
authority for lease enforcement/building operations at headquarters facilities,
and will continue to refine procedures for property management/inventory control.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $36,419,600 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources provided
basic Headquarters Support services to EPA operations in Washington, RTP, and
Cincinnati.
REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,214,500 for this program, all of which
will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase
of $2,110,600 from 1988. The increase reflects contract and rate increases in
basic operating costs, and provide for the purchase of ESD lab equipment. This
level of resources will provide the ten Regional offices with basic support services
including printing and copying, minicomputer operations, utilities, mail, telephone,
library operations, general training, office and laboratory facility maintenance,
and technical support.
MS-83
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $28,103,900 for this program, all
of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These resources are
being used to provide basic office, building, and information management services
to the Regions.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $33,899,500 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided on-
going support services in the Regions, including improved property management and
better safety and security for EPA employees. Also, the Regions continued efforts
to contract out appropriate support services, and provided minicomputer operations
to increase Regional productivity.
AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,800,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of
$1,461,500 from 1988. This increase will enable the Agency to complete the
State/ EPA Data Management Telecommunications initiative begun in 1987. The final
eleven State Agencies will be connected directly to the Agency's data telecommuni-
cations network (including Puerto Rico, Alaska, and Hawaii) which will allow access
to centralized and distributed environmental data systems. This request also
(1) covers the 1989 cost of prior year capital investments and 'expected operations
costs for current service levels; (2) supports the implementation of the new
Integrated Financial Management System designed to satisfy the requirements of
A-127; and (3) provides the additional resources required for the continued imple-
mentation of the Air Program's data system (AIRS).
1988 Program
The Agency is allocating a total of $31,338,500, all of which is from1 the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds are being used to maintain current
computing services in support of all Agency programs, exclusive of Superfund. The
Agency is also completing the replacement of obsolete Regional computing with modern
IBM 43XX technology and is beginning to implement a more open telecommunications
architecture centered around current communications standards.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $31,939,600, all of which was from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The Agency used these funds to maintain
and operate its mainframe computing systems, continue the replacement of obsolete
minicomputers in the Agency's Regional Offices with modern processors that are
compatible with the Agency's mainframe and telecommunications architecture, and
implemented the Agency's short-term telecommunications strategy which increased
bandwidth and improved concentration of data transmission. The Agency also began
the implementation of its long-term intelligent workstation program by awarding a
master contract for a range of compatible personal computers (PC'.s), and continued
to support modernization of the Agency's laboratory computing resources.
MS-84
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ADP SUPPORT - TITLE III
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $825,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. This' represents an increase of
$17,000 from 1988. This funding will support the provision of ADP resources
including telecommunications, equipment, and facility operations required to support
this program.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $808,000 for this program, all of
which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provide for the
computing utility that will be required to process this information, including data
entry, processing and telecommunications.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $1,245,900 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These funds were
used to invest in additional ADP resources required to support the Title III program.
LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,798,400, all of which will be for the
Salaries and Expenses Appropriation. This represents an increase of $1,500,000
from 1988. These funds provide basic operation and maintenance services for ORD's
seven (7) remote laboratories located in:
1. Narragansett, Rhode Island;
2. Athens, Georgia;
3. Gulf Breeze, Florida;
4. Ada, Oklahoma;
5. Duluth, Minnesota;
6. Las Vegas, Nevada; and
7. Corvallis, Oregon.
Operation and maintenance services include, but are not limited to:
a) facilities operation and maintenance; b) utilities; c) equipment operations
and maintenance; d) local telephone services; e) janitorial and guard services;
and f) rental costs.
In 1989, increases will fund replacement of old, wornout scientific equipment
which require high maintenance costs to operate. In addition, increased funding
will cover higher projected operation and maintenance costs at these seven (7)
remote laboratories.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,298,400, all from the Salaries
and Expenses Appropriation. These funds provide for the basic operation and main-
tenance services of ORD's seven (7) remote laboratories.
MS-85
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1987 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated $6,040,600, all from the Salaries and Expenses
Appropriation. These funds provided basic operation and maintenance services for
ORD's seven (7) remote laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,853,200 for this program, all of which is
from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This represents an increase of
$100,000 from 1988. The increase reflects increased support costs. This program
supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (MVEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama; and ttie Las
Vegas radiation facility (LVF) in Nevada. These funds provide basic operation and
maintenance support at these locations. Support provided consists of security,
janitorial and maintenance services, utilities, General Services Administration
vehicles, supplies and materials, and communications.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating $1,753,200 to support the three
laboratories, all from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1988 program
is providing the same types of activities described for 1989: basic laboratory
operations, maintenance, and supplies. These activities are required on a
continuing basis.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987 the Agency obligated a total of $1,785,900 for this program, all of
which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These funds provided the
basic facilities operations and maintenance costs necessary to operate the three
laboratories.
LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total $451,400, all of which will be from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation. This represents an Increase of $200,000 from 1988.
These funds will be used for basic facilities and operation and maintenance costs
for the laboratories in Beltsvllle, Maryland and Bay St. Louis, Mississippi.
These costs' include utilities, security, communications, warehousing, custodial
services, and building maintenance.. The increase will provide for purchase of new
laboratory equipment to replace-equipment which is obsolete or no longer cost-
effective to repair, and cover increasing maintenance costs for existing equipment
and for items such as building biotechnology capacity and analyzing unique products
which cannot be validated with traditional analytical laboratory instrument.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $251,400, all of which is from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1988 program supports the facilities,
operations, and maintenance costs of the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
laboratories.
MS-86
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $247,000, all of which was from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The funds were used to provide general support
and maintenance of the laboratories.
MS-87
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BUILDINGS
AND FACILITIES
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
BUILDINGS & FACILITIES BF-1
Buildings & Facilities BF-4
New Fad 1111 es BF-5
Repairs & Improvements BF-6
BF-1
-------
BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Appropriation
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$13,261.7 $6,000.0 $23,500.0 $23,500.0 $8,000.0 -$15,500.0
$5,059.9 $7,733.0 $9,995.0 $9,995.0 $18,110.0 $8.115.0
Authorization 1s by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
09
-n
ro
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Buildings and Facilities appropriation funds the design, construction,
repair and improvement of buildings occupied by EPA. The Agency currently has
ten Regional offices, three large research and development laboratories, several
field stations with laboratory facilities and a large headquarters complex.
This program provides a safe and healthful work environment for EPA employees
by providing for maintenance, repair or replacement of our facilities. Major
efforts are directed towards implementing intermediate and long-range plans which
assess alternative housing options for EPA operations, as well as continuing a
repair program that protects the investment in EPA's real property holdings.
Resources are also used to upgrade and modify current facilities to more adequately
and efficiently address Agency programs. Particular emphasis will be placed on
environmental compliance efforts in EPA facilities where modifications are needed
to accommodate storage of hazardous materials and removal of asbestos.
BF-3
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Buildings and Facilities
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1981
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
New Facilities
Buildings & Facilities $9,322.9 $17,500.0 $17,500.0 $1,900.0 -$15,600.0
TOTAL $9,322.9 $17,500.0 $17,500.0 $1,900.0 -$15,600.0
Repairs & Improvements
Buildings & Facilities $3,938.8 $6,000.0 $6,000.0 $6,000.0 $6,100.0 $100.0
TOTAL $3,938.8 $6,000.0 $6,000.0 $6,000.0 $6,100.0 $100.0
TOTAL:
Buildings & Facilities $13,261.7 $6,000.0 $23,500.0 $23,500.0 $8,000.0 -$15,500.0
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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Request
The Agency requests $8,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation,
a decrease of $15,500,000 from 1988.
Program Description
This program funds the design and construction of new EPA facilities, as well
as necessary repairs and improvements to buildings already occupied by EPA. The
Agency is currently upgrading its facilities by improving heating and ventilating
systems, enlarging hazardous waste handling areas, improving fire detection systems.
providing interior and exterior facility repairs, upgrading electrical systems,
performing engineering and planning studies, and making emergency repairs. The
Agency is designing new laboratories in Newport, Oregon and Chapel Hill, North
Carolina; extensively renovating space for a laboratory in Edison, New Jersey;
constructing a new radiation laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama; and, a full
containment facility-in Cincinnati, Ohio. This program contains the following two
elements:
New Facilities This includes architectural-engineering and design services
and building costs for the construction of new Federally owned facilities, existing
Federally owned, and EPA occupied facilities.
Repairs & Improvements This includes major repairs and capital improvements
to any buildings or facilities occupied by EPA. Most of the projects relate to
the correction of health and safety and environmental compliance deficiencies, the
prevention of serious deterioration, and the modification of current facilities to
meet program requirements.
NEW FACILITIES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,900,000 for this program, all of which
will be for the Building and Facilities appropriation. This represents a decrease
of $15,600,000 from 1988 and reflects the initiation of several projects in 1988.
This request will provide funds to construct the Biotechnology Laboratory in Gulf
Breeze, Florida. This facility will support EPA's mandate to evaluate biotechno-
logical applications which will introduce or apply genetically altered agents into
the ambient environment. The laboratory must meet stringent safety standards to
prevent altered organisms escaping into the environment.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating $17,500,000 for this program, all of which
is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These funds will be supplemented
by another $2,000,000 in carryover. These funds will construct a new water quality
monitoring field station in Newport, Oregon; design and renovate a Lab to test and
evaluate innovative treatment technologies in Edison, New Jersey; and design a
laboratory for clinical inhalation research in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $9,322,900 for this program, of which
$6,950,500 was carryover from the 1986 Buildings and Facilities appropriation.
These funds were used to design and begin construction of a new radiation laboratory
in Montgomery, Alabama, and support the construction of a hazardous waste containment
laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio.
BF-5
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REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,100,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. This represents an increase
of $100,000 from 1988. The increase will be used for health and safety and environ-
mental compliance projects. These funds will provide planning, engineering "design,
and construction related to the repair and improvement of buildings occupied by
EPA. More specifically, these funds will be used to address critical repairs
related to employee health and safety (fire protection installation); environmental
compliance efforts in EPA facilities (asbestos removal and hazardous materials
storage); and, required alterations and repairs (electrical distribution, air condi-
tioning, emergency power for animal facilities).
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,000,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources are
being utilized primarily to provide facilities maintenance and repair in an effort
to prevent deterioration of EPA facilities; to initiate environmental compliance
activities such as asbestos and PCB removal; and, to continue health and safety
improvements and modifications to facilities reflecting shifts in program priorities
and upgraded space requirements.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,938,800, all of which was from
the Buildings and Facilities appropriation. These resources were used to complete
various health, safety, and environmental compliance improvements to protect EPA
employees. In addition, provided routine and emergency repairs at multiple sites
throughout the nation.
BF-6
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY -
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS CG-1
Construction Grants CG-2
CG-1
-------
Appropriation
Outlays
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2168,797.0 $2000,000.0 $2304,000.0 $2304,000.0 $1500,000.0 -$804,000.0
$2920,339.0 $2320,000.0 $2566,000.0 $2566,000.0 $2377,500.0 -$188,500.0
Authorization Levels The Hater Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program at a level of
$2,400,000,000 for each year 1987 through 1991.
o
en
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
Program Background
Since 1972 the construction grants program has completed about 7,000 construc-
tion projects and provided $48 billion of the more than $65 billion Invested in
grant-assisted wastewater treatment works. There are currently about 15,500 treat-
ment plants In the nation serving over 172 million people.
This program has been authorized since 1972 through Title II of the Clean
Water Act. Legislative amendments in 1977 and 1981 made a number of significant
changes to the program which Increased State responsibilities for direct grants
management and reduced the Federal role in financing project grants. The statute
provides a formula for annual allotment of funds to States and contains authorities
for various funding set-asides to support delegated State management, water quality
management planning, innovative and alternative technologies, and rural communities.
Program Transition
The Water Quality Act of 1987 set the stage for significant program changes.
The traditional program of grants to communities for constructing facilities 1s
being replaced by grants to States to capitalize revolving loan funds (SRFs),
ushering in expanded State responsibilities and autonomy in an already extensively
delegated program. Although several Title II requirements will apply to projects
funded with capitalization grants for the Initial round of assistance under the SRF
program, the new Title VI of the Clean Water Act (CWA) gives States substantial
flexibility to meet their municipal pollution control needs. Under the SRF program,
States will have greater flexibility to use funds for nonpoint source and estuary
programs after they have addressed National Municipal Policy projects.
Payment of capitalization grants will be made by a letter-of-credit approach
under which increases to the letter-of-credit will be made over the 8 to 12 quarter
period specified in Title VI. States may draw cash under the letter-of-credit to
cover actual costs as they are incurred. EPA's approach will enable the States
to provide all the forms of financial assistance allowed by the Act including
leveraging, low interest loans, refinancing, loan guarantees, and the purchase of
Insurance. Cities will not have to incur interim financing costs since cash will
be provided as costs are incurred. While providing cash as needed to accommodate
all SRF needs, EPA will not, however, provide cash to the States solely for the
purpose of earning interest. In this way, the unnecessary outlay of Federal funds
in a period of substantial national budget deficits will-be avoided.
EPA expects twelve States to submit SRF grant applications 1n 1988; virtually
all of the remaining States will submit applications in 1989. In addition, new
Section 205 funding set-asides support nonpoint source control, marine combined
sewer overflows and estuaries, and the wastewater treatment needs of Indian Tribes.
Although construction grants funding will end after 1990, grants management
activities will continue at significant levels through the 1990's. In 1989, almost
5,000 projects will remain active. EPA will help assure that projects utilize
appropriate and affordable designs, are constructed in the most cost-effective
manner, and are managed and operated to comply with program and discharge require-
ments. Effective management of the national construction grants program will be
stressed, emphasizing development and implementation of multi-year Regional and
State strategies to construct, complete, and close out construction grants. EPA
will require delegated States requesting SRF capitalization grants to provide
strategies for constructing and completing grant projects, Including resource
plans covering the remaining period through construction, audit and grant closeout.
CG-3
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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
Construction Grants
Budget Request
The Agency requests an appropriation of $1,500,000,000 for the construction
grants appropriation, as authorized under Titles II and VI of the CWA. This request
is divided equally between construction grants ($750,000,000) and State revolving
funds ($750,000,000), and represents a decrease of $804,000,000 from 1988.
Program Description
This program provides funds to States and municipal agencies to assist in
financing the construction of cost-effective and environmentally sound municipal
wastewater treatment facilities and to assist States in carrying out their program
and project management responsibilities. Agency management resources and activities
are described in the Municipal Source Control subactivlty.
The Water Quality Act of 1987 provides for an end to construction grants
funding (Title II) after 1990, and beginning in 1987, provides for capitalization
of self-sustaining State revolving fund (SRF) programs (Title VI) that will provide
loans or supply other non-grant construction assistance to local governments. In
accordance with the Administration's $12 billion phaseout of this program, all
Federal funding will terminate after 1993.
Statutory set-aside provisions in both Title II and VI of the Clean Water Act
allow States to reserve up to four percent of their authorization or $400,000,
whichever is greater, to manage their programs. All grants or loans for assisting
the construction of wastewater treatment facilities are to be awarded on the basis
of a State's priority system, which is designed to ensure that funds are awarded to
projects with the greatest potential for Improving water quality.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,500,000,000 for the construction grants
appropriation, a decrease of $804,000,000 from 1988. This request 1s consistent
with the Administration's $12 billion phaseout of the construction grants program.
This program will provide the Federal funds necessary to construct the highest
priority projects and bring noncomplying publicly owned treatment works back into
compliance with the secondary treatment requirements of Title II.
Gross obligations for the construction grants program will total approximately
$860,000,000; gross obligations for the SRF program will total approximately
$1,240,000,000. Net outlays for construction grants are projected to be
$2,292,500,000; net outlays for the SRF program are projected to be $85,000,000.
The requested funding level will provide for a total of 246 construction grant
awards, resulting in a total active workload of almost 4,700 construction grant
projects at the end of 1989. EPA also will award an estimated 47 SRF capitalization
grants during 1989. Section 205(g) and (j) set-aside obligations are expected to
continue at authorized levels'. In addition, new construction grant set-asides
(Title II funds) under Section 205 will provide grants for Indian tribes, nonpoint
source control, and marine combined sewer overflows (MCSO) and estuaries.
CG-4
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,304,000,000 from the
construction grants appropriation.
The Agency estimates gross obligations of $2,194,000,000 for the construction
grants program and $410,000,000 for the SRF program. Net outlays for construction
grants will be approximately $2,556,000,000 and for the SRF program approximately
$10,000,000. The 1988 funding level will result in a total of 626 grant awards and
a total active workload of 5,563 construction grants projects at the end of 1988.
The Agency expects to award twelve SRF capitalization grants in 1988. Section 205
set-aside obligations are expected to continue at authorized levels.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, gross construction grant obligations totaled $2,169,000,000 and
supported 514 Step 3 and Step 2+3 grant awards. This funding resulted in a total
active workload of 6,087 grant projects at the end of 1987. Federal outlays totaled
$2,920,000,000. States obligated $81,510,680 under 205(g) and $30,294,011 under
205(j) for water quality and nonpoint source planning. In addition, $625,000 was
obligated for the National Estuary Program under the new Marine Estuary Reservation
of Section 205(1).
G6-5
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SUPERFUND
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND SF-1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research SF-10
Scientific Assessment SF-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance "SF-17
Heal th Effects SF-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology SF-19
Environmental Processes and Effects SF-21
Expl oratory Research SF-22
Technical Information and Liaison SF-23
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response SF-25
Hazardous Spill & Site Response SF-26
Hazardous Substance Response - Support SF-29
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Mater SF-31
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of A1r and Radiation SF-33
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency SF-34
Department of Health & Human Services SF-38
United States Coast Guard SF-39
Department of Justice SF-40
Federal Emergency Management Agency SF-40
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration ....;. SF-41
Department of the Interior SF-41
Occupational Safety & Health Administration SF-42
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement SF-44
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring.... SF-48
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement .' SF-49
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-51
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations SF-53
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support SF-56
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters SF-63
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions SF-64
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters SF-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions SF-65
Hazardous Substance Support Services 7 Headquarters SF-66
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions SF-67
Hazardous Substance Computer Services SF-67
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters SF-68
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-68
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Inspector General SF-69
Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation SF-70
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Comptroller SF-71
Hazardous Substance-Office of External Affairs SF-72
Hazardous Substance-Office of Research and Development-
Lab Support SF-72
SF-1
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APPROPRIATION
SUPERFUND
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
TtTAL, Superfund
$1050,748.9 1198,422.0 1128,000.0 1499,499.8 1600,000.0 $100,500.2
$1050,748.9 1198,422.0 1128,000.0 1499,499.8 1600,000.0 $100,500.2
PLRMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
2,078.0 2,716.0 2,156.0 2,156.0 2,219.0 63.0
2,174.3 2,716.0 2,673.0 2,633.0 2,750.0 117.0
$541,305.0 $875,000.0 $778,000.0 $778,000.0 1205,000.0 $427,000.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorlzation Act (SARA) of 1986 authorizes
a total of $8,500,000,000 for this program for 1987 through 1991.
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SUPERFUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Super-fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986, charges the Agency with the responsibility for providing emergency
response for hazardous substances released into the environment and the cleanup of
inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. The major emphasis of the Superfund pro-
gram will continue to be to stabilize imminent threats from releases of hazardous
substances and to implement the necessary long-term remedial response actions. The
Hazardous Substance Superfund finances the required activities to implement
CERCLA primarily through excise taxes levied on oil and chemical manufacturers,
a corporate environmental tax, cost recoveries and general revenues. This $1.6
billion request funds cleanups at all sites ready for remedial action in 1989 and
anticipates meeting statutory deadlines.
As authorized under CERCLA, the Agency will respond to releases of hazardous
substances, pollutants, and contaminants by either a removal or remedial action or
by compelling responsible parties to undertake the response action. Removal
actions are generally short-term responses taken to abate an immediate threat
posed by the uncontrolled release of hazardous substances at sites or spills into
the air, land, or water. Remedial actions involve long-term and more permanent
remedies taken instead of, or in addition to, removal actions. The program will
continue to select sites for remedial action from the National Priorities List
(NPL) and to undertake all response actions in accordance with the National
Contingency Plan (NCP).
While the Agency has the primary responsibility for implementing the program,
CERCLA, as amended, and Executive Order 12580 provide a clear mandate for the
Agency to work closely with a variety of other Federal agencies and the States to
carry out the mission of the program.
The Agency undertakes five major activities in implementing the Superfund
program: Hazardous Substance Response, Interagency Support, Enforcement, Research
and Development, and Management and Support. The effective integration of these
activities involves close cooperation among various Agency offices, the States,
and other Federal agencies.
Response Activities will Focus on Effective Management of the Growing Remedial
Pipeline and Meeting Mandatory Schedules'
The Hazardous Substance Response program is responsible for protecting public
health and the environment from dangers associated with releases of hazardous
substances into the environment by providing the necessary funding and support to
undertake short-term emergency responses and long-term site cleanups. The activi-
ties include responding to spills and emergency releases of hazardous substances
and conducting remedial work at abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
The Agency coordinates an emergency response program to deal with the most
serious hazardous substance spills and site emergencies where the responsible
party or State and local governments are unable to respond adequately. The Agency
also conducts a comprehensive program to evaluate all known hazardous waste sites,
to establish priorities for remedial response, and to undertake the appropriate
remedy at as many sites as possible, if the responsible party is unwilling or
unable to respond.
In the removal program, the Agency expects to continue its proactive role by
addressing, threats of releases and thereby preventing actual releases of hazardous
substances. Broader language contained in SARA and the revised NCP have resulted
SF-3
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1n a greater number of NPL sites being targeted for emergency response actions.
In accordance with the Hazardous and. Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984, the
Agency will make greater use of alternatives to land disposal in order to foster
the use of permanent solutions 1n taking both NPL and non-NPL removal actions.
On the remedial side, the Agency will direct its efforts toward managing
the expanding on-going workload while initiating a substantial number of new
activities planned for the final cleanup phases. In 1989, the Response program
plans to start 50 new remedial actions. These new remedial actions, along with
responsible party cleanups, will enable the program to meet the mandatory schedule
established in SARA to start 175 new remedial cleanup actions by October 1989.
In selecting site remedies, the Agency will continue to emphasize the new
cleanup standards established by SARA. These standards, although complex, ensure
site remedies that: meet applicable, relevant and appropriate Federal and State
environmental laws; provide permanent solutions to the extent practicable; and
restrict transport of hazardous substances from Superfund sites to only those
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act facilities which are in compliance with the
Superfund off-site policy. The Agency's commitment to these standards assures
safer, and. in the long run, more cost effective cleanups.
The Agency will continue to operate a balanced program to ensure that
environmental threats are addressed-as quickly as possible. New sites will be
scored according to the revised Hazard Ranking System. The Response program plans
to start investigation and feasibility studies, the first major step In the cleanup
process, at 70 new remedial .sites in 1989. This will enable the program to meet
the mandatory schedule to commence 275 site studies by October 1989.
The 1989 request will also ensure an adequate level of resources to support
activities complementary to direct response actions. The Agency will continue to
manage sample analysis and quality control activities through the national labora-
tory program. The Agency's Environmental Response Team will continue to provide
training and technical support to Agency, State, and local government personnel.
The Agency will continue to operate a system for collecting comprehensive national
notification and response data on accidental releases of oil and hazardous sub-
stances. In addition, the program will continue to stress the transfer of research
and technical information among decision makers, placing particular emphasis on
the transfer of information concerning alternative technologies to land disposal.
Other Federal Agencies Remain Stable while Support for Justice's Growing Caseload
Increases'
As part of the requirement for close cooperation among various Federal
agencies, EPA Integrates the efforts of the Departments of Health and Human Ser-
vices, Justice, Transportation, Commerce, Interior, Labor, and the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency and manages an interagency budget process under Executive
Order 12580, signed by the President in January 1987.
The activities of other Federal agencies are divided into two basic
categories. The first category includes those activities which are episodic in
nature and taken in direct support of specific site or spill response actions.
The second category of other Federal agency Involvement is support for on-going
activities which are generally not Incident-specific. These activities are related
to each agency's specific area of expertise and include developing program policies
and guidance, conducting health research, training response personnel, litigating
civil and criminal cases, and providing scientific and technical advice to EPA
on-scene coordinators. The system of dual activities ensures sufficient support
for broad-based, consistent, and reliable Federal management, while providing the
Agency with the tools and support to manage and coordinate activities at specific
sites.
SF-4
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The 1989 request reflects continued support for the expanded health
authorities established under.SARA as well as for the on-going activities of other
Federal agencies supporting the Superfund program. Increased resources are pro-
vided to the Department of Justice to ensure a strong and vigorous enforcement
effort and to support its expanding legal caseload.
Enforcement will Continue Vigorous Oversight of Responsible Party Cleanup and
Aggressive Cost Recovery Efforts
The goal of the Enforcement program is to secure cleanup of abandoned
hazardous waste sites by responsible parties (RPs) whenever possible, and thus
avoid Federal and State response costs. When RPs are unwilling to take their
responsibility for cleanup, the various enforcement authorities provided under
CERCLA and SARA are used to promote RP cleanups. As a last resort, the Trust
Fund is used to cleanup the site and the Agency then pursues cost recovery from
the RPs.
In 1989, the Enforcement program will increase to provide the oversight
necessary for the growing number of responsible party response actions planned.
In particular, responsible parties are expected to initiate 35 remedial actions.
The Enforcement program, like the Response program, will focus much of its effort
on managing the increased oversight required for not only new remedial activities,
but also for an expanding on-going workload.
The complex activities involved in the Superfund enforcement program require
a close working relationship between the Agency's legal and technical operations,
the Department of Justice, and other Agency offices. Within this framework, legal
and technical information is developed about a site and Its responsible parties.
Based on this information and in consultation with State and program staffs, a
Fund-financed or RP-financed study 1s conducted to determine a remedy consistent
with the NCP.
Responsible parties are then given the opportunity through negotiations to
design and construct the remedy necessary to alleviate the identified threat. If
negotiations are not successful, either the remedial action proceeds using Trust
Fund money, and a subsequent cost recovery action is initiated against the RP, or
CERCLA Section 106 administrative or judicial procedures are initiated to compel
the responsible party to cleanup the site. Agreements by RPs to undertake response
actions are ratified in the form of CERCLA Section 104/106 administrative orders on
consent for remedial investigation/feasibility studies and removal actions or
consent decrees for remedial actions. In the event of non-compliance with the
terms of an order or decree, Regions provide the documentation for development and
support of a civil action to enforce the order or decree.
A key priority for the Enforcement program in 1989 will be to pursue a
larger, more aggressive cost recovery effort to ensure maximum and timely returns
to the Trust Fund. Agency management efforts will provide additional support to
this effort through the establishment of a new optical disk document storage and
retrieval system to improve cost documentation for cost recovery cases.
The Agency will also continue to strengthen its technical assistance to other
Federal agencies that are addressing their own hazardous waste facilities. In
addition, enforcement actions will be taken to achieve cleanup at closing or closed
RCRA facilities which have environmentally significant releases.
The Criminal Enforcement program will use the felony provisions of SARA to
prosecute parties who fail to report hazardous substance releases, destroy records,
or submit false information on claims. The Agency will provide specialized support
for the Enforcement program through laboratory analysis of high hazard samples,
field investigations, technical assistance in the negotiations .of consent decrees,
and evidence audits to assure the accuracy of records and analyses.
SF-5
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Research and Development Support increases
The Research and Development program supports the Agency, States, and industry
in resolving technical problems which inhibit the effective implementation of
removal and remedial actions. Support focuses on adapting existing technologies
and scientific information for application to uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
In addition to providing expanded technical support to the program office in
conducting cleanups and enforcement actions, the 1989 program will emphasize the
commercialization of alternative and innovative treatment technologies for use in
cleanup actions by developing reliable performance and cost information through
full scale demonstrations under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
program.
In 1989, a new initiative will be undertaken to evaluate biological treatment
systems (biosystems) for use in cleaning up waste sites. Successful application of
biosysterns could substantially reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites.
Increased resources will also be provided to develop advanced field monitoring
techniques for the measurement of hazardous substances commonly found at Superfund
sites. Technologies which are now primarily used in the laboratory will be adapted
and further developed for field use to provide techniques and methods that provide
more cost-effective field monitoring at Superfund sites.
Research funding will also be provided for five competitive Hazardous
Substance Research Centers to conduct research and training related to the
manufacture, use, transportation, disposal, and management of hazardous substances.
Management and Support Continues Improvement in Support Services
This function provides the financial, administrative, and support services
necessary to manage the Superfund program. This includes financial management to
track and report on the use of the Hazardous Substance Superfund; administration of
contracts, personnel, information systems, laboratory services, and safety train-
ing; services for space, utilities, and other non-personnel support needs; and
computer services. Management and support also includes the provision of legal
services; audits and investigations; policy analysis and program evaluation; budget
development and oversight; communication with groups external to the Agency; and
lab support for Superfund research.
In 1989, improved support will be provided to cost-recovery actions and site
specific documentation with the implementation of an automated nationwide document
storage and retrieval system. This support will improve the timeliness, accuracy
and completeness of financial documents 1n the program. The Agency will continue
to effectively manage the increasing number of Superfund contracts and provide the
technical assistance and computing resources to support the information management
requirements of the program.
SF-6
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SUPERFUND
Budget Current Increase (+)
Actual Estimate Estimate Request Decrease (-)
1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 vs 1988
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Removal Actions:
Fund Financed 227 200 190 190 0
PRP Response 33 55 58 55 -3
Both 10 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pre-remed1al Actions:
Preliminary
Assessments 4,001 3,200 2,432 3,000 +568
Site Inspections 1,343 1,035 1,117 2,200 +1,083
Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies:
Fund Financed.. 66 90 70 70 0
PRP Response 40 40 33 33 0
Both 6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Federal Facilities 47 25 20 -5
Remedial Designs:
Fund Financed 56 65 78 75 -3
PRP Response 5 49 54 70 +16
Remedial Actions:
Fund Financed 25 50 49 50 +1
PRP Response 6 29 19 35 +16
Both 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Federal Facilities 2 4 2-2
Judicial Enforcement:
§106 Referrals _ 11 87 85 91 +6
Cost Recovery
Referrals 24 46 51 56 +5
Criminal Referrals 0 14 9 9 0
SF-7
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SUPERFUND
Budget Current Increase ( + )
Actual Estimate Estimate Request Decrease (-)
1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 vs 1988
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Cumulative Outputs
Removal Actions:
Fund Financed 839 1,039 1,029 1,219 +190
PRP Response 184 239 242 297 + 55
Both 59 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pre-remedial Actions:
Preliminary
Assessments 24,004 27,204 26,436 29,436 +3,000.
Site Inspections 7,835 8,870 8,952 11,152 +2,200
Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies:
Fund Financed 432 522 502 572 +70
PRP Response 95 135 128 161 +33
Both 72 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Federal Facilities 5 52 30 50 +20
Remedial Designs:
Fund Financed 124 189 202 277 +75
PRP Response 55 104 109 179 +70
Remedial Actions:
Fund Financed 67 117 116 166 +50
PRP Response 62 91 81 116 +35
Both 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Federal Facilities 1 3 5 7 +2
Judicial Enforcement:
§106 Referrals 113 200 198 289 +91
Cost Recovery
Referrals 177 223 228 284 +56
Criminal Referrals 7 21 16 25 +9
SF-8
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Research
and Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
SUPERFUND
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Hazardous Substance Research SF-10
Scientific Assessment SF-16
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance SF-17
Heal th Effects SF-18
Environmental Engineering and Technology SF-19
Environmental Processes and Effects SF-21
Expl oratory Research SF-22
Technical Information and Liaison SF-23
SF-9
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
ACTUAL
1987
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Health Effects
Hazardous Substance
BUDGET .
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$2
TOTAL $2
$9
TOTAL $9
$2
TOTAL $2
,874.0
,874.0
,069.6
,069.6
,162.3
,162.3
$4,328
$4,328
$12,781
$12,781
$3,745
$3,745
.7
.7
.4
.4
.0
.0
$4,328
$4,328
$12,781
$12,781
$3,745
$3,745
.7
.7
.4
.4
.0
.0
$4
$4
$12
$12
$3
$3
i
,328.7
,328.7
,781.4
,781.4
,745.0
,745.0
$4,488
$4,488
$13,031
$13,031
$3,745
$3,745
.7
.7
.4
.4
.0
.0
$160.0
$160.0
$250.0
$250.0
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
$18,947.3 $31,753.2 $26,153.2 $26,158.2 $32,398.5 $6.240.3
TOTAL $18,947.3 $31,753.2 $26,153.2 $26,158.2 $32.398.5 $6,240.3
Environmental Processes
& Effects -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance
Exploratory Research
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
$2,718.6
$2,718.6
$3,090.0
$3,090.0
$3,077.9
$3.077.9
$2,500.0
$2,500.0
$3,077.9
$3,077.9
$7,500.0
$7,500.0
$3,077.9
$3,077.9
$7,500.0
$7,500.0
$4,727.9
$4,727.9
$7,550.0
$7,550.0
$1,650.0
$1,650.0
$50.0
$50.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Technical
Infomatlon And Liaison
Hazardous Substance $856.6 $625.8 $625.8 $625.8 $625.8
TOTAL $856.6 $625.8 $625.8 $625.8 $625.8
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $39,718.4 $58,812.0 $58,212.0 $58,217.0 $66,567.3 $8,350.3
Hazardous Substances TOTAL $38,718.4 $58,812.0 $58,212.0 $58,217.0 $66,567.3 $8,350.3
Research
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment- 10.7 11.4 11.4 11.4 14.6 3.2
Superfund
Monitoring Systems & 22.4 24.3 . 24.3 24.3 25.3 1.0
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Environmental 38.3 38.9 38.9 38.9 47.9 9.0
Engineering &
Technology
Superfund
Environmental Processes 11.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 10.0 3.0
& Effects -
Superfund
Exploratory Research 1.0 1.0
-------
CO
-n
SDPERFIINO
Hazardous Substance Research
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTEO CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REOHEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1P89 VS 1P88
Technical
Infomation And Liaison
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering ft
Technology
Superfund
Environmental Processes
ft Effects -
Superfund
Exploratory Research
Technical
(nflLLARS IN
5 1.0
85.7 85.6
11.7 11.4
24.1 24.3
2.7 3.0
41.9 38.9
12.5 7.0
5 1.0
THOHSANOS)
1.0 1.0
85.6 85.6
11.4 11.4
24.3 24.3
3.0 3.0
38.9 38.9
7.0 7.0
1.0 1.0
1.0
102.8
14.6
25.3
3.0
47.9
10.0
1.0
1.0
17.2
3.2
1.0
9.0
3.0
1.0
Infonation And Liaison
TOTAL WORKYEARS
93.4
85.6
85.6
85.6
102.8
17.2
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
Principal Outputs by Objective
Objective 1; Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment
1989: ° Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci. Assessment)
0 Report on emerging technology for the treatment of metal-bearing wastes
(Envir. Engineering)
1988: ° Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sci. Assessment)
0 Report on survey and assessment of completed and ongoing remedial actions
(Engineering)
1987: ° Health Effects Assessment Documents (Sci. Assessment)
Cost estimation models for remedial action technologies (Engineering)
o
Objective 2: Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites
1989: ° Report on BOAT for Superfund wastes (Engineering)
0 Report on enhancing biodegradation of a gasoline spill in groundwater
(Envir. Processes)
1988: ° Assessment report for stabilization/fixation methods for soils (Envir.
Engineering)
0 Identification and preparation of soils test matrix and physical treat-
ment for Superfund BOAT project (Envir. Engineering)
1987: ° Handbook on leachate treatment techniques (Envir. Engineering)
Objective 3: Provide Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment, and
Procedures"
1989: ° Interim report on improvement of worker safety via robotics, automation,
and task modification (Envir. Engineering)
1988; ° Evaluation of personnel hazard detectors for highly toxic chemicals
(Envir. Engineering)
1987: ° Evaluation of EPA/US Army developed breathing apparatus for personnel
protection (Envir. Engineering)
Objective 4; Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts
1989: ° Reportable Quantity chapters for HEEDs and other chemicals designated
by OERR (Sci. Assessment)
1988: ° Reportable Quantities documentation for carcinogenicity and chronic
health effects (Sci. Assessment)
1987: ° Reportable Quantities documentation for carcinogenicity and chronic
health effects (Sci. Assessment)
SF-13
-------
Objective 5; Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and Regional
Offices
1989; ° Document on evaluation of bioremediation as a remedial action technology
(Envlr. Processes)
1988: ° Reports on remote sensing for Superfund sites (Monitoring)
HWERL Engineering Research Symposium (Envir. Engineering)
o
1987: ° State-of-the-Art technology seminar for Regional Offices (Envlr. Eng.)
Objective 6: Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program Requirements
1989: ° Annual Report - QA support to the Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
1988; ° Annual Report - QA support to the Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
1987; ° Annual Report - QA support to the Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)
Objective 7; Provide Technology Transfer
1989; ° Annual Report on CERCLA Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)
1988: ° Annual Report on CERCLA Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)
1987: ° Annual Report on CERCLA Technology Transfer Activities (Tech. Info.)
Objective 8: Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development and
Demonstration
1989: ° Report on ten SITE program demonstrations and applications analyses
(Envir. Engineering)
0 Annual SITE Status Report to Congress (Envlr. Engineering)
1988: ° Annual SITE Status Report to Congress (Envir. Engineering)
Demonstration reports on ten innovative technologies (Envlr. Engineering)
o
1987; ° Interim report on development and demonstration of immunoassay detection
system for rapid screening at Superfund sites (Monitoring)
0 Technology development reports on innovative technologies (Envlr. Eng.)
Objective 9: Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and
Detection Research" '
1989; ° Annual Report on SupeVfund health risk research (Sci. Assessment)
1988; ° Report on screening methods for field application (Monitoring)
1987; ° Report on rapid response toxidty data development (Health)
Objective 10: Manage University Hazardous Substances Research Centers
1989; ° Annual Report: Hazardous Substances Research Centers (Exp. Research)
1988: ° Annual Report: Hazardous Substances Research Centers (Exp. Research)
SF-14
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Research
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $66,567,300 supported by 102.8 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $8,350,300 and 17.2 total workyears over the 1988 level.
All of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The increase supports the innovative and alternative technology review program
and research to evaluate biological degradation techniques (biosystems) for use
in Superfund site cleanups.
Program Description
The Superfund research and development program provides a core of scientific
and technical Information to support implementation of the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) as amended by the Super-
fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). The research program
concentrates on assessing the health and environmental risks posed by Superfund
sites and on evaluating equipment and techniques for discovering, assessing, pre-
venting, removing, and disposing of hazardous substances released into the environ-
ment.
Objective 1; Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assess-
ment.This research provides techniques and procedures to allow on-scene coordina-
tors and remedial project managers to quickly and effectively assess the degree
of hazard posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites.
Objective 2; Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. This
research program develops and evaluates technologies which are not yet ready for
field application and require additional lab development. These technologies are
being developed by the Agency as tools for cleanup under the Superfund program.
This development activity must be carried out by the Agency because of low com-
mercial interest, low potential for profit, or because.of the high economic risks
associated with the development of the technology.
Objective 3; Provide Information on Personnel Health, Protective Equipment,
and Procedures.This research provides evaluation and assessment of the technol-
ogies applicable to ensuring personnel health and safety during removal and remed-
ial response operations.
Objective 4: Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. This research
supports Superfund regulatory efforts by ranking and assigning reportable quanti-
ties to chemicals based upon either carcinogenicity or chronic health effects
information. This information is then used by the program office to adjust report-
able quantities for these chemicals.
Objective 5; Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices.This research provides review or remedial action design and implementation
plans and review of new data submitted by liable parties for specific site problems.
Review and technical expertise is also provided to the enforcement program and the
Regional offices.
Objective 6; Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program Require-
ment sTThis program provides extensive support to the National Contract Laboratory
Program. Activities include development and promulgation of analytical methods to
measure and characterize samples from Superfund sites, and review and evaluation
of quality assurance and quality control plans.
SF-15
-------
Objective 7: Provide Technology Transfer. This program disseminates informa-
tion to the program, office, Regions, States and local authorities to assist them
in Superfund site cleanups.
Objective 8: Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development
and Demonstration.'This program fulfills the Agency's responsibility under SARA
§311(b) to carry out a comprehensive program of research, development and demon-
stration for the purpose of promoting the commercialization of innovative and
alternative treatment and monitoring technologies.
Objective 9: Conduct Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research.
This program fulfills the Agency's responsibility under SARA §311(c) to carry out
a comprehensive program of research and development to enhance the Agency's scien-
tific capabilities to detect, assess, and evaluate effects on, and risks to, human
health from hazardous substances.
Objective 10; Manage University Hazardous Substance Research Centers. This
program funds research and training related to the manufacture, use, transportation,
disposal, and management of hazardous substances through a university based centers
program as authorized under SARA §311(d).
Objective 11: Alternative/Innovative Treatment Technology Test Facility.
This program willprovide the funds to fully establish the Test and Evaluation
facility at Edison, NJ, by providing required monitoring, emissions control and
other equipment for the facility.
SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,488,700 supported by 14.6 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an increase of $160,000 and 3.2 total workyears.
The increase will focus on the development of toxicological profiles which are
mandated by SARA and additional risk assessment reviews for EPA Regional Offices
through establishment of a regional risk assessment review group.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Chemical -
specific exposure, health and environmental effects documents, and rapid response
assessments will continue to be prepared to assist the program office and Regions
in evaluating the degree of hazard at uncontrolled waste sites during the remedial
investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) process. Increased resources will be
used to develop additional toxicological profiles 1n cooperation with the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts. Chemical-specific health
effects documentation (cancer and other chronic effects) will continue to be pro-
vided to the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR) for use 1n adjusting
the Reportable Quantity amounts for various hazardous substances. These two risk
categories are among those which are considered by the program office in adjusting
Reportable Quantity amounts of given hazardous substances to reflect the potential
hazard associated with their release Into the environment.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices. In
response to SARArequirements,an increasednumber of riskassessments will be
conducted by EPA Regional Offices. ORD will increase Its support to the Regions
through the establishment of a regional risk assessment review group. This group
will serve as a focal point for review of risk assessments generated by the Regions
and provide risk assessment guidance in response to requests from the Regions.
Support to the enforcement program in exposure and risk assessment will continue.
SF-16
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Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research.This program provides data and methodologies for health risk assessment
use throughout the removal and remedial response process for Superfund offices.
Efforts will be focused on data collection for use in exposure assessment components
of risk assessment, analysis of existing toxiclty data for use in hazard assess-
ment, and expansion and verification of toxicity data contained in inhouse data
bases. Collection of data for use in developing pharmacokinetic models used to
refine risk estimates will continue.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,328,700 supported by 11.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. Activities include development of data and procedures to fill infor-
mation gaps which exist in the Superfund public health evaluation process. This
Includes development of test methods for evaluation of the hazard potential of
waste mixtures, screening techniques for early detection of adverse health effects,
and predictive models which are intended to reduce the uncertainties in risk assess-
ment caused by data limitations. In addition, exposure and risk assessments are
being prepared to assist in evaluations of alternative courses of action that
might be applied to a site.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,874,000 supported by 11.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. The program produced health and environmental effects docu-
ments and rapid response health assessments, carcinogenic and chronic health
effects documents for many hazardous substances to support reportable quantity
adjustment, and assisted with health and risk assessment of sites for the enforce-
ment office. In addition, a research program was initiated to develop improved
risk assessment data and procedures.
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,031,400 supported by 25.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an Increase of $25"0,000 and 1.0 total workyear. The
Increase reflects an expansion of the program to develop rapid, advanced field-
monitoring techniques to characterize substances found at Superfund sites.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Monitor-
ing techniques will be evaluated, validated, standardized, and field tested. Proto-
cols for their use will be prepared. Analytical methods for detection and quanti-
fication of pollutants will be validated. Indicator parameter methods and monitor-
Ing strategies for Superfund sites will be developed.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices. Site-
specific monitoring will continue to be provided to OWPE, OERR and the Regions in
response to their requests for assistance at Superfund sites. This will include
providing aerial imagery, photographic interpretation, and maps for pre- and post-
remedial site assessment. Oversight reviews for monitoring portions of settlement
agreements will be provided. In addition, support will be provided 1n the areas of
ground water sampling,'network design, use of geophysical techniques, and analytical
methods.
SF-17
-------
Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program Requirements. Qua!1ty
assurance support will be provided to the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) to en-
sure that data of known and documented quality are used in the Superfund program.
Pre-contract capability assessments, supply of calibration materials to contract
laboratories, assessment of laboratory performance, evaluation/improvement of ana-
lytical methods, and validation reports on CLP laboratories will be provided.
Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development and Demonstra-
tion.Resources in 1989 will be used to demonstrate and evaluate innovative moni-
toring technologies. This will be a cooperative program with the private sector
to determine applicability to Superfund site assessment and pollutant characteri-
zation problems. Promising monitoring techniques lacking private sector support,
which are not yet ready for demonstration, will be evaluated and further developed
so that they can be validated and demonstrated.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research.The program to develop advanced field monitoring techniques for measure-
ment of hazardous substances will be expanded. Technologies which are now primarily
used in the laboratory will be adapted and further developed for field use to
provide techniques and methods that allow more focused, complete, expedient, and
cost-effective field monitoring for common hazardous substances at Superfund sites.
The application of these in-the-field monitoring techniques and methods will ac-
celerate site cleanup and reduce costs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $12,781,400 supported by 24.3
total work years for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. Monitoring techniques are being evaluated, validated,
standardized and field tested. Protocols for their use are being prepared to
support the remedial investigation and feasibility study processes. Site-specific
monitoring support is being provided to Regions and the program offices, including
aerial photographic interpretation for site assessment, oversight for settlement
agreements and support in ground water sampling/network design. Quality assurance
support is being provided to the Contract Laboratory Program. Advanced monitoring
techniques from the private sector are being evaluated and demonstrated for their
applicability to Superfund monitoring situations. Field monitoring techniques
which show potential for significant cost savings are being developed and validated
to permit better detection of hazardous substances at Superfund sites.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $9,069,600 supported by 24.1 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. During 1987, remote sensing was provided for use in site
assessments. Geophysical techniques were used to locate buried drums at a
number of sites. Development of an immunoassay system to detect pentachloro-
phenol and a fiber optic sensor for chloroform detection progressed. Evalu-
ation of a portable x-ray fluorescence system in the field occurred, showing
the precision and accuracy of the system to be comparable to currently approved,
but more cumbersome techniques.
HEALTH EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,745,000 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change in dollars or total workyears.
SF-18
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Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research.This program providesImproved health evaluation measures and data to
detect, assess, and evaluate human health hazards from hazardous substances at
Superfund sites. This work Includes providing methods to evaluate the hazard
potential of waste mixtures, screening techniques for early detection of adverse
health effects, and identification and improvement of better measures of health
endpoints, particularly non-cancer endpoints such as reproductive effects and
neurotoxicity.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,745,000 supported by 3.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. In 1988, the health effects research program is working to provide
methods to detect, assess, and evaluate the risks to human health from hazardous
substances associated with Superfund sites. For example, test methods are being
developed for the evaluation of hazard potential of waste mixtures, as are pre-
dictive techniques that can reduce uncertainties in risk assessment caused by data
limitations. This research is coordinated with the scientific assessment program
and activities of the program office, as well as with the research activities of
both the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,162,300 supported by 2.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. In 1987, the Superfund health effects research program was
.initiated pursuant to §311{c) of SARA to enhance the Agency's scientific cap-
abilities to evaluate and assess the health effects of and risks to humans from
hazardous substances. Research on rapid response toxicity testing, toxicity dose
measurement techniques and development of methods for predicting neurotoxic effects
from complex mixtures occurred.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $32,398,500 supported by 47.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $6,240,300 and 9.0 total workyears. The
increase reflects an expansion of research on the use of biological degradation
(biosystems) at Superfund site cleanups, establishment of a Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) information clearinghouse, increased project manage-
ment for the SITE technology demonstration program, and costs necessary to provide
equipment for the Test and Evaluation Facility in support of the SITE program at
Edison, New Jersey.
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment. Engi-
neering expertise and assessment procedures will be provided to assistthe program
office in remedial investigations and feasibility studies (RI/FS) at specific Super-
fund sites. Information will be provided on the cost and effectiveness of remedial
action technologies for specific sites based on data collected from surveys and
technology evaluations. Increased emphasis will be placed on the development of
support tools to assist with RI/FS activities. Information will be provided on the
biochemistry and genetics of PCB degradation by bacteria and on the evaluation of
solidification techniques for hazardous waste treatment.
SF-19
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Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. This research will
develop and evaluate technologies which are notready for field application and
require additional lab development. These technologies are being developed by the
Agency as- tools for cleanup in its operating Superfund program. Much of this
development activity must be carried out by the Agency because of low commercial
interest, low potential for profit, or because of the high economic risks associated
with development of the technology. Technology specific development will be pro-
vided in the major technical areas of jm situ and on-site treatment. Biosystems
research efforts will be increased to develop new application techniques, technology
for environmental and worker protection during application of biosystems, and
technology transfer to the user community. Biosystems research is being increased
because the Agency feels that this technology has the potential to significantly
reduce the cost of site cleanups and because the private sector has shown a limited
interest in the technology because of high economic risks. Other activities will
focus on technologies involving extraction, degradation, detoxification, and solidi-
fication of contaminated material, municipal waste, combustion research, on-site
treatment equipment, and best demonstrated available technologies.
Provide Information on Personnel Health. Protective Equipment and Procedures.
This research willevaluate personnelprotective clothing, equipment, and proce-
dures. Specific accomplishments will include identification and evaluation of prom-
ising new protective materials, garments, respirators, personal hazard detectors,
and equipment. Application of automation or robotics to selected removal and
remedial tasks, and development of improved methods for measuring and documenting
the physical properties "of garment materials will also be investigated.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. The
engineering program will provide technical advice and consultation to enforcement
and the program office on issues that arise during emergency and remedial response
at Superfund sites for case support. Information from Superfund research will be
provided to Agency implementors and regulators to ensure that the latest available
procedures and technologies are employed at sites. Technical support is anticipated
to shift to more field-oriented activities.
Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development and Demonstra-
tion. The alternative/innovative treatment technology demonstration program (SITE)
wi 11 be expanded by adding needed critical project management support to handle
the large number of treatment technology demonstrations that this program will
have underway or under negotiation. It is estimated that during 1989 the Agency
will have thirty technology demonstrations underway or under negotiation. The
program will evaluate emerging technologies to accelerate development from the
proof-of-concept to the pilot stage. The focus will be on separation, chemical
stabilization, detoxification, and destruction that promise to provide significant
new technologies for cleaning up Superfund wastes. Demonstration of biosystems
treatment processes will be expanded. A SITE information clearinghouse will be
operated pursuant to §311(b) of SARA.
A/I. Treatment Technology Test Facility. Renovation activities will be com-
pleted oh the Test and Evaluation Facility at Edison, NO. Since regulatory require-
ments mandate the treating and monitoring of emissions from hazardous and toxic
waste treatment systems, various instruments and equipment will be required. Test
areas must have back-up treatment equipment such as dual bank high efficiency partic-
ipate air filters and must have continuous monitoring systems, including sample col-
lection, conditioning, and transport assemblies. Analytical laboratories will re-
quire gas chromatographs and emissions spectrometers. Shop areas must be organized
and equipped with such items as compressors, lathes, and milling machines.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $26,158,200 supported by 38.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.. Activities in 1988 include the SITE program which is
SF-20
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promoting the .commercialization of alternative and Innovative technologies for use
In response actions. At least ten demonstrations of innovative technologies will
be initiated in 1988. In addition, engineering expertise and procedures are being
provided to assist in remedial investigations and feasibility studies for specific
Superfund sites (evaluations of technology applicability/feasibility/costs). Prom-
ising in-place and on-site treatment processes and equipment are being developed,
as are in situ techniques for large municipal waste NPL sites.
1987 Accompli shments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $18,947,300 supported by 41.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. During 1987, the program reviewed site assessment and feasibility
plans and advised on engineering issues for sites. A report was prepared on data
requirements for remedial action screening, design, and construction, and cost
models for estimating costs of remedial action alternatives were developed. Per-
sonnel protection procedures and equipment were evaluated. Technical support was
provided for 35 sites. A mobile soils washing system was prepared for functional
evaluation, and the mobile incinerator was modified to increase Its throughput by
a factor of two. The mobile carbon regenerator was prepared for demonstration at
a site. The second SITE solicitation was published and a number of proposals
selected for followup action. Activities were initiated toward the demonstration
of technologies selected from the first SITE solicitation. Ten technology demon-
strations were initiated during 1987, with one demonstration completed.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,727,900 supported by 10.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $1,650,000 and 3.0 total workyears. The
increase reflects an expansion of the program on biological systems (biosystems)
for waste degradation.
Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites. Environmental pro-
cesses work willbe expanded on the cleanup potentialof in situ biodegradation
techniques (biosystems) related to contaminated soils and groundwater. The ex-
panded activity in this area is integrated with biosystems research in the engi-
neering program and is an integral part of the efforts needed to bring these new,
less costly, cleanup technologies to the field for use in achieving permanent site
remediation as required by SARA. New activity will Include characterizing the
subsurface biological, chemical, and physical processes that promote in situ bio-
remediation; environmentally enhancing the metabolic capabilities o?~indigenous
microorganisms for biodegradation; and genetically manipulating microorganisms to
design microbial strains with novel and enhanced biodegradation characteristics.
Research will also focus on the ecological effects that might be associated with
these biodegradation technologies. Potential environmental and health effects
associated with genetically engineered organisms will be evaluated.
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices. Tech-
nical ~"sl!p~pl:FFlnTTT>e~l>rl>^
face models, sampling and analytical techniques, assessment of contaminated marine
coastal areas, development of exposure/risk assessment methodologies, and on the
application of bioassessment protocols for determining the toxicity of spilled
materials. Work on the bioassessment protocol will be expanded with applications
at actual Superfund sites for validation of the technique under rigorous, complex
waste situations. These activities are needed to support program office activities
to prioritize sites on the basis of their risk.
SF-21
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,077,900 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. Research is being initiated on the cleanup potential of j_n_ situ
biodegradation techniques related to contaminated soils and groundwater. This
research is closely coordinated with the engineering evaluations of techniques to
prevent the migration of hazardous substances into groundwater, and will be instru-
mental in determining whether biodegradation methods are potentially cost-effective
alternatives to soil excavation or withdrawal and treatment of contaminated ground-
water. Technical support is being provided to Agency and State staffs for site-
and case-specific issues.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,718,600 supported by 12.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. During 1987, technical support was provided in response to
specific requests from the Regions, enforcement, and the States on groundwater
sampling, analyses, data interpretation and site-specific modeling. Plume movement
and biological stabilization of subsurface contaminants were evaluated and uptake
of contaminants by fish was studied.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,550,000 and 1.0 total workyear for this
program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substances Superfund appropria-
tion. This represents an increase of $50,000 and 1.0 total workyear. The in-
crease will provide a project manager for the University Hazardous Substances
Research Centers program.
Conduct Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection
Research. Targeted grants in the area of in situ treatment of hazardous waste
and monitoring for Superfund site assessments wi11 be awarded. In addition, tar-
geted grants in two new areas of research relevant to the Superfund program will
be initiated. Approximately seven new grants will be awarded in 1989.
Manage University Hazardous Substances Research Centers. Five competitive
Hazardous Substances Research Centers will continue to fund research into and
training related to the manufacture, use, transportation, disposal, and management
of hazardous substances. This program is considered by the Agency to be an
important part of the overall multidisciplinary research program to address health,
environmental, and engineering issues associated with hazardous substances. This
university based program will allow the application of academic expertise in
basic research to Superfund issues.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,500,000 supported by no work-
years for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. In 1988, a targeted grants program is funding research on hazardous
waste abatement and control. The focus is on the study of it± situ methods for the
decontamination of groundwater and development of rapid analytical methods for
complex mixtures of hazardous substances at Superfund sites. In addition, a
Hazardous Substances Research Centers program is being initiated. Five competitive
centers are being established to fund research and training on the manufacture,
use, transportation, disposal, and management of hazardous substances.
SF-22
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,090,000 supported by no workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropri-
ation. In 1987, a targeted competitive grants research program was established to
fund applied research on hazardous substances abatement and control activities.
The initial focus was on the study of in situ methods for decontamination of
ground water and development of rapid analytical methods applicable to complex mix-
tures at Superfund sites.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $625,800 and 1.0 total workyear for this pro-
gram, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
This represents no change in dollars or total workyears.
Provide Technology Transfer. This activity provides technology transfer and
training assistance on issues relevant to the Superfund cleanup program for the
program office, Regions, and States.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $625,800 supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substances Super-
fund appropriation. This program is coordinating Office of Research and Develop-
ment technology transfer activities, and -delivering technological information and
training to the program office, Regions, States and contractors responsible for
cleanup activities. This activity enhances the effective, timely, and efficient
planning of permanent solutions in Superfund response actions at uncontrolled
sites by providing relevant technology information for use on sites.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $856,600 supported by 0.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. This program developed mechanisms to coordinate ORD technol-
ogy transfer activities, and delivered technological information to the program
office, Regions, States and contractors responsible for cleanup activities.
SF-23
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Hazardous Substance
Response Actions
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
Hazardous Substance Response SF-25
Hazardous Spill & Site Response SF-26
Hazardous Substance Response - Support SF-29
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water SF-31
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation SF-33
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency SF-34
Department of Health & Human Services SF-38
United States Coast Guard SF-39
Department of Justice SF-40
Federal Emergency Management Agency. SF-40
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration SF-41
Department of the Interior SF-41
Occupational Safety & Health Administration SF-42
SF-24
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Hazardous Spill & Site
Response
Hazardous Substance $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1
TOTAL $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1
Hazardous Substance TOTAL $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1
Response
CO
i
S PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Spill 4 Site 859.4 1,042.1 1,070.1. 988.3 1,090.7 1024
Response
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS 859.4 1,042.1 1,070.1 988.3 1,090.7 102.4
Hazardous Spill & Site 940.0 1.042.1 1,070.1 1,042.1 1,090.7
Response *«»«.* i,u/u.i 1,0*2.1 1,090.7 48.6
48.6
TOTAL WORKYEARS 940.0 1,042.1 1,070.1 1,042.1 1,090.7
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental Protection Agency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,214,639,400 supported by 1,090.7 total
workyears in 1989 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation, an increase
of $78,949,100 and 48.6 total workyears from 1988. In addition, $100,000,000 in
prior year funds will provide the Agency with a total of $1,314,639,400, an
increase of $178,949,100 from 1988. The increase reflects the continuing emphasis
on remedial design and construction activities that will be undertaken to meet
the activity schedule mandated by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA). This level insures funding for all sites ready for remedial action in
1989, and anticipates meeting statutory deadlines.
Program Description
This program is responsible for protecting public health and the environment
from the dangers associated with releases of hazardous substances into the environ-
ment by providing the necessary funding and support to undertake short-term emer-
gency responses and long-term site cleanup. The activities include responding to
spills and emergency releases of hazardous substances and conducting remedial work
at abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Hazardous Spill and Site Response The Agency coordinates an emergency
response program to dealwith the most serious hazardous substance spills and
site emergencies where the responsible party or State and local governments are
unable to respond adequately. The Agency also conducts a comprehensive program to
evaluate all known hazardous waste sites, establishes priorities for remedial
response, and undertakes the appropriate remedy at as many sites as possible when
responsible parties are unwilling or unable to respond. The Headquarters Response
program establishes policy framework, coordinates the setting of priorities,
allocates resources, and provides implementation guidance. The Regions have lead
responsibility for conducting all preliminary field work to identify site problems
and for managing or working with the States on all phases of National Priorities
List (NPL) site cleanup and emergency response actions.
HAZARDOUS SPILL AND SITE RESPONSE
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,214,639,400 supported by 1,090.7 total
workyears for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. In addition to
the new authority, $100,000,000 in prior year funds will provide the Agency with a
total of $1,314,639,400, an increase of $178,949,100 and 48.6 total workyears from
1988. This increase supports additional design and construction activity, as
well as continuing emphasis in site review and evaluation, and contract and
information management.
Removal: The Agency will receive and screen hazardous substance release
notifications to determine what, if any, response is required. In the vast
majority of cases, the responsible party or State or local government will take
the lead in addressing the problem. In situations where more than one State is
involved or where there is an unusually complex problem, the Federal government
will coordinate and fund the response. EPA and the Coast Guard will continue to
SF-26
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maintain an emergency response capability, Including EPA's Environmental Response
Team (ERT), comprised of Agency employees with special engineering and scientific
expertise. This improves the Agency's ability to provide timely engineering and
scientific advice to Federal, State, and local officials during hazardous substance
response actions, resulting in reliable and cost-effective solutions to
existing and potential environmental threats.
The Agency will continue to use the expanded removal authorities for emergency
actions. The removal program will stabilize NPL sites where significant threats
exist while additional long-term response is being considered. These efforts
enable the Agency to take immediate action to protect public health and the envi-
ronment without waiting for the completion of a long-term analysis of the site or
the results of more detailed site assessments. In addition to responding to
emergencies, removals will be taken where an immediate response is not critical,
but some early response is necessary to protect public health or the environment.
Remedial: The remedial program covers all work including initial site
screening and listing, the study, design and construction phases of the response
action, and post-cleanup site maintenance and deletion. Decisions on remedy
selection for site cleanup will incorporate preference for permanent remedy, alter-
native treatment technologies and alternatives to land disposal, as mandated by
SARA. Site-specific factors, such as the cooperation of responsible parties,
availability of State resources, and changes in field conditions, couple with the
Agency's mandated remedy selection factors to influence the progress of the
program.
The Agency's priority will be to meet the mandated SARA schedules for remedial
Investigation/feasibility studies (RI/FS) and remedial actions (RA), and to support
to completion cleanup actions started in prior years. In 1989, the Agency will be
starting 75 Fund-financed remedial designs (RD) and 50 Fund-financed remedial
actions. In addition, the Agency will be managing a growing number of sites
started in prior years which are in the RD and RA phases of site cleanup.
For sites on the NPL ready to begin planning for cleanup, the Agency will
start 70 Fund-financed RI/FS. This will maintain the Agency's steady-state
pipeline of new sites beginning remedial cleanup.
The pre-remedial program will stress Improving the effectiveness of site
screening during early site evaluation to ensure that the Agency's responses are
focused on the most serious environmental and public health threats. Finally, the
'Agency, in cooperation with the States, will conduct operations and maintenance at
sites where the cleanup is complete, resulting 1n final deletion from the NPL.
The Agency will issue final directives on the regulatory guidance for the
National Contingency Plan (NCP), as well as guidance for streamlined decision-
making, RI/FS, and selection of remedy. The Agency will emphasize training and
technical assistance to aid 1n the implementation of site management planning
at priority sites. This will help identify opportunities for early action and
improve the effectiveness of the remedial program.
»
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,135,690,300 supported by
1,042.1 total workyears from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
This is the first full year after enactment of SARA. The majority of the
work 1s continuing to be geared toward implementing SARA provisions and moving
into the construction, or RA phase, of remedial projects. The Agency is continuing
SF-27
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several Initiatives started in 1987 to emphasize active State and Federal
coordination, including changes to the NCP. In an effort to strengthen contract
management resources, the Agency is beginning to implement a diversified
contracting strategy.
The Agency is planning emergency responses at 190 major hazardous substance
releases and providing on-scene monitoring and oversight at other releases of
hazardous substances. In addition, the regulatory and guidance framework are
being completed for the removal program, including use of revised removal authori-
ties and promulgation of final regulations on CERCLA notification, reportable
quantities, and the designation of additional hazardous substances.
The Agency is focusing its remedial efforts on the selection of remedy at
sites on the NPL and beginning design and construction at sites where planning has
been completed. In 1988, the Agency is starting 78 Fund-financed RDs and 49
Fund-financed RAs. In addition, new studies are starting at 70 NPL sites.
The Agency is continuing the emphasis started in 1987 to develop and utilize
new and innovative treatment technologies in the selection of remedy process. The
cooperative effort initiated with other agencies for assessing risks to human
health continues to be a priority.
Regulatory guidance for the NCP is being proposed. The Agency is developing
and implementing procedures to identify and characterize sites that represent
the greatest environmental and public health threats from hazardous wastes. This
is enabling the Agency to focus early on during the decision process so that site
planning activities and available resources can be directed toward those priority
sites that have the most immediate need for cleanup.
1988 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level
The net increase of $371,457,800 results from the inclusion of planned prior
year funds.
1987 Accomplishments
The Agency obligated a total of $773,295,400 supported by 940.0 total
workyears for this program from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
This was a year of transition following an extended period of program slowdown.
The major objectives were to regain program momentum after the slowdown period, to
implement SARA, and to initiate management improvements. The Agency began work on
revising the NCP and Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to incorporate SARA requirements.
Even with the difficulties in implementing the new authorities and
requirements in SARA, the Agency accomplished significant levels of removal
and remedial activities. In the effort to gear up, emphasis was placed on the
addition of sites to the NPL and on the collection and analysis of data to justify
remedial action and support the development of treatment alternatives. The Agency
conducted 4,001 preliminary assessments and 1,343 site investigations as part of
the pre-remedial program. The Agency began 66 new RI/FS, 56 RDs and 25 RA projects
at NPL sites. The removal program conducted 227 removal actions, the largest
number of removals since the program began in 1980, and monitored the removal of
hazardous substances carried out by responsible parties or State and local
authorities at 422 incidents.
SF-28
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I
ro
VO"
SUPERRJND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
$1,803.9 $2.122.1
TOTAL $1.803.9 $2.122.1
$1.216.5 $1,963.4
TOTAL $1.216.5 $1,963.4
$3,020.4 $4.085.5.
TOTAL $3.020.4 $4,085.5
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST !
1988 ESTIMATE 1989 1
1988 191
THOUSANDS)
$2,122.1 $2,113.2 $2,112.8
$2,122.1 $2,113.2 $2,112.8
$1,963.4 $1,840.6 $1,840.6
$1.963.4 $1.840.6 $1,840.6
$4.085.5 $3,953.8 $3,953.4
$4,085.5 $3,953.8 $3,953.4
INCREASE
)ECREASE
39 VS 198
-$.4
-$.4
-$.4
-$.4
Response - Support
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
8.0
6.2
14.2
24.0
18.0
42. 0'
24.0
18.0
42.0
23.0
15.7
38.7
24.0
18.0
42.0
1.0
2.3
3.3
-------
OJ
o
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance 9.5 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0
Response - OM
Hazardous Substance 7.5 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0
Response - OAR
.1
TOTAL HORKYEARS 17.0 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.0
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,953,400 supported'by 42.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which 1s for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents a $400 reduction in operating costs and no change in
total workyears from 1988.
Program Description
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water This program enables the
Office of Water to carry out specific activities required by SARA. These activi-
ties include: (1) assessing the type of treatment required for Superfund.wastes
' prior to their discharge into publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs); (2) estab-
lishing controls and/or conditions for Superfund sites likely to have a discharge
to POTWs or surface waters; (3) establishing protection of drinking water supplies;
and (4) establishing drinking water criteria and standards for Federal response
and enforcement actions.
Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation This program
enables the Office of Air and Radiation to provide technical support for hazardous
waste site cleanup activities. This support Includes the use of air quality
models and the establishment of temporary air monitoring networks around sites,
where warranted.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,112,800 supported by 24.0 total workyears
for 1989, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
This represents a decrease of $400 due to a slight reduction in operating costs.
During 1989, guidance on the treatment of Superfund wastes discharged into
POTWs will be completed. In 1989, the Agency will continue Its efforts to charac-
terize wastewater from Superfund sites. The Compatibility Analysis begun 1n 1987
will be updated, as three additional sites are sampled and analyzed to expand the
data base on the treatment and characteristics of wastewater. In addition,
analytical methods and QA/QC procedures will be developed as necessary.
Regions will continue to review disposal alternatives and/or coordinate and
develop discharge controls for an expanded list of Superfund sites. Additionally,
they will participate in meetings to develop workplans for each National Priority
List (NPL) site. The need for new or revised local limits will be analyzed at
approximately 50 facilities identified as receiving CERCLA wastewaters. Regions
will continue to review remedial action alternatives to ensure that they address
water quality considerations. Compliance with Imposed discharge conditions will be
assessed at locations where Superfund facilities discharge Into surface waters.
The Regions will continue to review response actions to ensure that
applicable, relevant and appropriate drinking water standards are among the bench-
marks that are applied. Where Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) or Maximum Con-
taminant Level Goals (MCLGs) have not been established for a particular
contaminant, the Regions will provide assistance with toxlcological data. Once a
SF-31
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site with a contaminated water supply has been selected for Inclusion on the NPL,
the Regions will participate in reviewing Remedial Investigations (RI), Feasibility
Studies (FS), and in preparing Records of Decision (ROD). These studies document
the final cleanup actions of contaminated water supplies and address the
need to provide alternate water supplies.
The Regions, together with the States, will evaluate the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and will provide oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDUA).
1988 Program
» In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,113,200 supported by 24.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
During 1988, emphasis is being placed on preparing guidance for the treatment
of Superfund wastes discharged into POTWs. EPA will continue a limited collection
and analysis of technical information that characterizes wastewater from Superfund
sites. The Compatibility Analysis begun in 1987 to determine potential POTW
interference levels for specific pollutants in wastewaters and sludges is being
updated with three additional site studies.
The Regional review of disposal alternatives and/or coordination and
development of discharge controls is being increased as cleanup activities are
undertaken by EPA for an expanded list of Superfund sites. Assistance is being
provided to POTWs for developing local limits and/or other control mechanisms
where such facilities will receive Superfund wastewaters. Evaluations are being
required for existing discharges to ensure that such wastewaters are in
compliance with imposed discharge conditions. ,
The Regions are reviewing response actions to ensure that applicable,
relevant and appropriate drinking water standards are applied. They are also
participating in the review of RI/FSs and in preparing RODS which document the
final cleanup actions of contaminated water supplies, particularly the need to
provide alternate water supplies. Analytical information is being provided for
the feasibility study process which compares the cost-effectiveness of remedial
alternatives.
The Regions, together with the States, are evaluating the effectiveness of
drinking water remedial actions and are providing oversight of drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under SDWA.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total x>f $1,803,900 supported by 9.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1987, EPA initiated limited activities to collect and analyze technical
Information on the character and treatability of wastewaters from Superfund sites.
EPA provided guidance on the necessary treatment of Superfund wastes prior to their
discharge into POTWs. The program identified sites with potential .discharges to
POTWs and characterized the wastewater, treatment techniques, and costs. This
information was used in a Compatibility Analysis to determine potential POTW
interference levels for specific pollutants in both wastewaters and sludges.
In 1987, the Agency established conditions/controls for Superfund facilities
that were likely to discharge either into a POTW or directly into surface waters.
Activities included the review of disposal alternatives and the development of
SF-32
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case-specific discharge controls where discharge to POTW/surface water was the
selected proposal alternative. In addition, assistance was provided to POTWs in
developing local limits and/or other control mechanisms where such facilities
received Superfund wastewaters.
Technical assistance was provided to State health officials on drinking water
concerns. Assistance was given in characterizing both the relative health risk
associated with the potential contamination of water supplies and the need for
remedial action. Input was also provided to the feasibility study of remedial
alternatives.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,840,600 supported by 18.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change from FY 1988.
In 1989 the program will continue to provide technical support for hazardous
waste site cleanup activities. This support Includes the use of air quality
models to determine risks posed by air emissions from cleanup activities, and
establishment of temporary air monitoring networks around sites where warranted.
Review of potential disposal techniques and technology will be undertaken, as will
review of remedial action plans prior to implementation. The two laboratories
operated by the Office of Radiation Programs will provide analysis of samples that
may be radioactive.
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $1,840,600 supported by 18.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
In 1988 technical support, including air quality modeling and monitoring, is
being provided for cleanup activities. The radiation laboratories are providing
analysis of samples that may be radioactive.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $1,216,500 for this program supported by 7.5
total workyears, all of which Is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The program provided training and development of technical data
and guidance to determine the air and radiation impacts and remedial measures for
Superfund sites. The radiation laboratory provided sample analysis.
SF-33
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
T
OJ
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (ATSDR)
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
Department of Health &
Human Services (NIEHS)
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
United States Coast
Guard
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
Department of Justice
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Hazardous Substance
Interagency Superfund
FEMA-Relocatlon
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
$32,439.3
$32,439.3
TOTAL
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$18,915.0 $15,915.0 $15,915.0 $15,915.0
$18,915.0 $15,915.0 $15,915.0 $15,915.0
TOTAL
TOTAL
$4,023
$4,023
$10,918
$10,918
.3
.3
.6
.6
$4
$4
$13
$13
,948.2
,948.2
,773.0
,773.0
$4
$4
$13
$13
,948.
,948.
,773.
,773.
2
2
0
0
$4,948.2
$4,948.2
$13,773.0
$13,773.0
$4
$4
$16
$16
,948.2
,948.2
,700.0
,700.0
$2
$2
,927.0
,927.0
TOTAL
TOTAL
$667.5 $1,879.6 $1,879.6 $1,879.6 $1,879.6
$667.5 $1,879.6 $1,879.6 $1,879.6 $1,879.6
$506.2
$506.2
$80.0
$80.0
-$80.0
-$80.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
GO
-n
CO
in
Interagency Superfund
National Oceanic
& Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Interagency Superfund
Department of Interior
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,819.9
$1,819.9
$687.0
$687.0
$281.3
$281.3
$2,280.1
$2,280.1
$1,253.5
$1,253.5
$1,008.2
$1,008.2
$2,280.1
$2,280.1
$1,253.5
$1,253.5
$1,008.2
$1,008.2
$2,280.1
$2,280.1
$1,253.5
$1.253.5
$1,008.2
$1.008.2
$2.280.1
$2,280.1
$1,253.5
$1,253.5
$1.008.2
$1,008.2
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Response - Interagency
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Response - Interagency
$51,343.1 $94.057.6 $84.057.6 $84,137.6 $86,984.6 $2,847.0
TOTAL $51.343.1 $94,057.6 $84,057.6 $84,137.6 $86,984.6 $2.847.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $86,984,600 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for Interagency activities in 1989, an increase of
$2,847,000 from 1988. The increase will be used to support expanding civil liti-
gation casework. The requested funding will finance the on-going Superfund program
activities of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the United
States Coast Guard (USCG), the Department of Justice (DOJ), the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Department of the Interior (DOI), the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA). These agencies and offices request workyears in their own
budget requests.
Program Description
Executive Order 12580, signed by the President in January 1987, requires the
Agency to manage an interagency budget process culminating in a consolidated budget
request for the entire Superfund program. The activities of other Federal agencies
are divided into two basic categories. The first category includes those activi-
ties which are episodic in nature and taken in direct support of specific site or
spill response actions. The second category of other Federal agency involvement
is support for on-going activities which are generally not incident-specific.
These activities are related to each agency's specific area of expertise and
include developing program policies and guidance, conducting health research,
training response personnel, litigating civil and criminal cases, and providing
scientific and technical advice to EPA on-scene coordinators. These actions are
financed by the funds requested in this sinactivity.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) ~ The Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was established under CERCLA and its health
authorities were significantly expanded under SARA. In addition, SARA mandated
Superfund responsibilities to the National Institute for Environmental Health
Sciences (NIEHS). ATSDR has the authority to investigate complaints of illness or
disease related to exposure to hazardous substances, to conduct health studies and
surveys, to develop appropriate testing for exposed individuals, and to develop
and maintain information on the health effects of toxic substances. Under SARA,
ATSDR must perform health assessments by December 11, 1988, at all sites that were
listed on the National Priority List (NPL) as of October 17, 1986.
ATSDR is mandated, in cooperation with EPA, to identify and rank the first 100
most hazardous substances found at Superfund sites and to produce by October 17,
1988, a second list of 100 priority hazardous substances. A toxicological profile
must be produced for each of the identified substances. The toxicological profiles
are to be developed at the rate of at least 25 per year; the first 25 were due
by April 17. 1987. Additional and expanded activities mandated by SARA for ATSDR
are to: (1) perform health assessments when petitioned by citizens; (2) conduct
studies and ensure that research results undergo peer review; (3) assemble,
develop, and distribute health information related to hazardous substances; and
(4) report to Congress on health-related activities. HHS will develop policies
and procedures to ensure a coordinated Federal approach in conducting these
activities.
NIEHS administers a program for basic research, development, and training
to increase the understanding of the relationships between exposure to hazardous
substances and human health. In addition, NIEHS manages grants to nonprofit
SF-36
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organizations for first response and preparedness training for workers who are
engaged in activities related to hazardous substance removal and containment at
remedial or emergency response sites. The basic research grants span the areas of
basic biomedical studies in epidemiology, biomedicine and human health exposure,
and integrated non-biomedical studies in engineering, geosciences, and .analytical
chemistry. Worker protection grants provide training to workers to prevent health
problems caused by exposure to hazardous substances.
United States Coast Guard (USCG) The USCG has the authority under CERCLA
as amended to respond to any release or threatened release of hazardous substances
involving the coastal zone, Great Lakes waters, ports, and harbors. USCG provides
training to maintain this response capability, conducts enforcement activities as
necessary in its areas of responsibility, and maintains the National Response
Center (NRC).
Department of Justice (DOJ) The Attorney General has responsibility to
conduct and control all litigation arising under CERCLA as amended. EPA prepares
the required technical and legal documentation and assists DOJ in the negotiation
of consent decrees for privately financed response actions. Once DOJ receives a
referral from EPA, DOJ reviews the referral package and files it in court. After
filing, DOJ goes through an intensive process for trial preparation, it includes:
(1) completion of the discovery process; (2) preparation and review of the docu-
ments; (3) support of on-going negotiations; and (4) work with expert witnesses and
program staff.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEHA) ~ FEMA has the authority under
CERCLA as amended to provide temporary and permanent relocation housing for indi-
viduals whose health is threatened, by hazardous substance releases. In addition,
FEMA assists the National Response Team (NRT) and Regional Response Teams (RRTs)
in their preparedness activities and develops training courses for State and local
officials in emergency management.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) In an effort to
ensure that Fund-financed response actions in coastal and marine areas are con-
ducted in.full compliance with CERCLA as amended, the National Contingency Plan
(NCP) designates NOAA as Federal Trustee of these resources. In addition, NOAA
provides resources for the purchase, development, and field testing of state-of-
the-art sampling and analytical equipment necessary for efficient and safe response
operations associated with implementing the Superfund program. NOAA also manages
a computer-based communication and information system designed to identify likely
accident locations, perform trajectory analysis of spilled hazardous materials,
assess potential human and environmental impacts of accidents, and train response
personnel via spill simulation.
Department of the Interior (DPI) The goals of the Department of the
Interior's Superfund activities are to: (1) ensure that the Department maintains
a state of readiness to support EPA and the Coast Guard in their response modes;
(2) protect natural resources from the effects of hazardous substance releases;
an^d (3) assure appropriate consideration of natural resource concerns throughout
all phases of CERCLA implementation. DOI is a participating agency in the NRT and
RRTs under the guidance of the National Contingency Plan. The Department is
explicitly directed to act as a trustee for natural resources under CERCLA, by
Executive Order 12580, and the National Contingency Plan.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) OSHA and the States
which operate OSHA-approved State plans are responsible for ensuring that employees
at Superfund sites are provided safe and healthful working conditions. OSHA issues
occupational safety and health standards and enforces those standards through a
program of on-site inspections which are conducted at OSHA's initiative or in
response to reports of imminent danger, fatalities and catastrophes, employee
SF-37
-------
complaints or referrals from other agencies. OSHA also administers training and
technical assistance programs to encourage and assist employers to comply
voluntarily with the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $58.915,000 ($43,000,000 for ATSDR and
$15,915,000 for NIEHS) for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for
this program. This request represents no change from the 1988 level. This level
provides support for ATSDR's efforts 1n the areas of scientific support, emergency
response, health studies, and In the development of toxicology data bases. ATSDR
will continue to perform site consultations and health assessments at NPL and
non-NPL sites and In response to citizen petitions. ATSDR will provide support
for the maintenance of toxicology data bases for chemicals generally found at
Superfund sites or encountered 1n emergency situations, and will continue to
prepare additional toxicology profiles of hazardous substances.
NIEHS requests funds to continue the university based basic research program
and to conduct the training associated with basic research. The results of this
research on the effects of exposure to hazardous substances may help to resolve
technical and public health problems faced at Superfund remedial action and emer-
gency response sites. In addition, NIEHS will continue the worker safety training
program to train workers who are at high risk of disease and death from acute and
significant low level exposure to hazardous substances.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $58,915,000 ($43,000,000 for
ATSDR and $15,915,000 for NIEHS) from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropri-
ation to this program. ATSDR is continuing Its support for mandated health assess-
ments, toxic substances lists, reporting requirements, and grants programs, and the
maintenance of health support activities that are required to meet the increased
demands. These resources are enabling ATSDR to: develop, protocols for
site-rspecific exposure registries; conduct birth defect studies at Superfund sites;
support the Headquarters and field core staff necessary to provide scientific and
technical advice to EPA on-scene coordinators as they assess the public health
hazard at priority sites; and review environmental test results for5" indications of
human health hazard. On a continuing basis, ATSDR provides health-related field
guidance and laboratory support at emergency response sites for worker protection.
The NIEHS basic biomedical research and training program has expanded to
include important new studies in the fields of engineering, geology, hydrogeology,
and ecology. Each of the new Investigations is related to an improved under-
standing of how best to handle abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous substances and
to better protect human health and the environment. The worker safety training
grant program trains over 15,000 laborers and other workers who are at high risk of
disease and death from acute and significant low level exposure to hazardous
substances.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, $32,439,300 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by HHS. These resources enabled ATSDR to: (1) complete 165 NPL
health assessments and establish 11 State cooperative agreements to conduct health
assessments of sites within their borders; (2) prepare 25 toxicological profiles
SF-38
-------
in draft; (3) respond to approximately 1,200 emergency releases and implement a
contract to train emergency medical technicians in health issues of emergency
response; (4) conduct a national workshop on how to implement a national exposure
registry; (5) prepare a comprehensive draft final report to the Congress on the
nature and extent of childhood lead poisoning in the United States; (6) gain
approval for an ATSDR Board of Scientific Counselors; (7) support the National
Library of Medicine enabling an increase in the number of substances in its
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) and strengthen its peer review of the HSDB;
(8) support toxicological testing of chemicals through the the National Toxicology
Program (NTP); and (9) implement a National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health sponsored exposure registry of workers exposed to carcinogenic substances.
NIEHS awarded grants to four universities to provide support for programs of
basic biomedical research into the effects of hazardous substances to human health.
The approved projects include several studies designed to identify new and improved
methods to: measure exposure and its effects; assess the risks resulting from
exposure; and reduce the recognized early health effects. This new program will
combine basic research in the fields of ecology, engineering, and geosciences into
a biomedical research program core. The core is designed to provide a broader and
more detailed body of scientific information which may be used by State, local and
Federal agencies, private organizations, and industry in the management of
hazardous substances.
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCG)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $4,948,200 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This request represents no change from the 1988 level.
These resources will allow the Coast Guard to continue to conduct removals and
monitor non-Federally funded cleanup in coastal areas. Resources will be applied
to support: the NRT and RRT; the development or improvement of chemical response
equipment necessary for safe responses to Superfund incidents; and the development
and maintenance of information services for program management analysis and the
necessary chemical assessment data systems.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,948,200 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources are for the maintenance of
response requirements by the USCG in 1988. The USCG is continuing to develop and
maintain information systems that provide data for program management, train emer-
gency response personnel using program modules and simulation drills, and maintain
records of characteristics for certain chemicals.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, $4,023,300 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by USCG. This funding was used to purchase safety equipment, conduct
response training for USCG personnel, upgrade the capabilities of the National
Response Center (NRC), and provide field data systems to support response programs
and minimize the possibility of harm to personnel from exposure to hazardous sub-
stances. USCG added personnel to the district offices to coordinate RRT activities
and enhance Regional contingency planning. Personnel were also added to two out-
lying ports in an effort to upgrade chemical spill response capability in those
areas.
SF-39
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Department of Justice (DOJ)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $16,700,000 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase of $2,927,000 for increased
caseload and automated data support for complex cases. This will support the
expanded Superfund caseload and the operation of a system which provides automated
data support for complex cases.
DOJ will increase its support to EPA in reviewing negotiated consent decrees,
de minimi's "cashout" settlements, enforcement of information requests, and an
expanded docket of access cases. Civil penalties will be imposed in instances
where responsible parties violate notification requirements of CERCLA as amended,
deny access to sites, destroy records, violate financial responsibility regula-
tions, or violate administrative and judicial settlement agreements. Criminal
cases will be pursued and continued support will be provided to EPA's expanded
cost recovery efforts. DOJ will also defend the Agency against citizen suits,
pre-enforcement review cases, reimbursement claims, and challenges to EPA
administrative civil penalty decisions.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $13,773,000 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for this program. DOJ is providing civil and
criminal enforcement litigation which includes: counseling on and enforcing
administrative orders; giving warrants for entry; and instituting suits to compel
removal and remedial actions and to recover response costs incurred by the Fund.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, $10,918,600 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOJ. These resources were used for litigation and other
enforcement related activities. Key accomplishments included the filing of 16
referral/litigation, or Section 106, cases and 35 cost recovery, or Section 107,
cases. In addition to the cases filed, DOJ supported 47 Section 106 and 87 Section
107 on-going cases filed prior to 1987. DOJ also concluded three Section 106
cases and 11 Section 107 cases by consent decrees and took three Section 107 cases
to trial.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,879,600 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA. This request represents no change from the 1988
level. These resources will be used to enhance local, State, and Federal emergency
preparedness and administrative support. In addition, funding levels will support
the revision of relocation manuals, provide additional audio-visual support
material for distribution at the State and local levels, and develop additional
curricula for hazardous materials training and team building to improve specialized
response capabilities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,879,600 from the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation. In addition, $80,000 is being allocated to
support relocation activities. FEMA will apply these resources to continue its
SF-40
-------
relocation, training, and emergency preparedness activities. FEMA is also
continuing its support of the FEMA/DOT information exchange program, furthering its
coordination efforts with public and private organizations, and maintaining its
support for NRT initiatives.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, $1,173,700 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund by
FEMA, of which $506,200 was to support temporary and permanent relocations. These
resources were used to: (1) support FEMA's development of relocation guidelines
and regulations; (2) provide management oversight for temporary and permanent
relocations; (3) provide preparedness guidance and technical assistance to State
and local governments; (4) establish the FEMA/DOT information exchange system; (5)
enhance coordination of hazardous materials issues with the public and private
sector; (6) provide continued support for NRT/RRT initiatives; and (7) support
the FEMA/EPA instructor exchange program. FEMA also developed knowledge, skill,
and abilities (KSA) standards for instructors and continued to deliver existing
training systems at the State and local level.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA) .
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,280,100 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. This request represents no change from the 1988
level. These resources will allow NOAA to continue its efforts to support: (1)
Federal on-scene coordinators' use of advanced information technology for emergency
information technology for responses; (2) coastal resource coordination and hazard-
ous waste remedial support activities that ensure full compliance with CERCLA; and
(3) RRT contingency planning efforts and other activities related to NOAA
responsibilities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating $2,280,100 from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA. These resources are supporting efforts to
implement alternative technologies and meet State standards that will result in
permanent remedies. NOAA is continuing to provide scientific support, coastal
resource coordination, and hazardous waste removal and remedial support service.
In addition, NOAA is assisting State and local entities in the areas of
contingency planning, community relations, communications, preparedness evaluation,
and training.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, $1,819,900 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by NOAA.. These resources were used to provide training for the
scientific response team, to purchase and maintain protective equipment for
personnel, and to maintain field instrumentation.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DPI)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,253,500 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for DOI. This request represents no change from the 1988
level. These resources will be applied to response preparedness and management
SF-41
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for the NRT and RRTs. Resources will also be used to provide technical assistance
to State and Federal natural resources trustees and to facilitate the enforcement
activities of the EPA and the Department of Justice.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $1,253,500 for the Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOI. DOI is utilizing these funds to support
its participation in: NRT/RRT preparedness and training activities, response
planning, and response action implementation. Further, DOI 1s continuing its
efforts to provide technical assistance and review for natural resources damages.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, $687,000 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by DOI. These resources enabled DOI to participate in NRT/RRT
preparedness and training activities and to initiate its involvement in State and
local emergency preparedness and technical assistance to natural resources
trustees.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,008,200 for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OSHA. This request represents no change from the 1988
level. The resources will allow OSHA to continue a Federal inspection program of
Superfund sites, to support the preparedness and training activities of the
National and Regional Response Teams and to deliver OSHA's hazardous waste training
course. Funds will also provide support for laboratory analyses of samples
collected for OSHA's Superfund inspection program and for State inspection efforts.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,008,200 from the Hazardous
Substances Superfund appropriation. The funding is being used for a Federal
inspection program of Superfund sites and to support the activities of the National
and Regional Response Teams. These funds also are being used.for hazardous waste
training, laboratory analyses, and on-site technical assistance at the request of
EPA or another lead agency.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, $281,300 was obligated from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by OSHA. The funds were used to train OSHA inspectors, initiate a
special inspection program for Superfund sites, provide technical assistance to
EPA, provide support for the activities of the National and Regional Response
Teams, and develop a required worker protection standard.
SF-42
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Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
ENFORCEMENT
Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement SF-44
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring SF-48
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement SF-49
Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement SF-51
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations SF-53
SF-43
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
$7,926.9
$7,926.9
$8,864.0
$8,864.0
$8,864.0
$8,864.0
$8,739.0
$8,739.0
$8,739.0
$8,739.0
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance $82,948.5 $96,114.3 $98,115.8 $97,448.2 $107,346.3 $9,898.1
TOTAL $82,948.5 $96,114.3 $98,115.8 $97,448.2 $107,346.3 $9,898.1
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
$8,849.5 $14,477.8 $14,477.8 $13,479.0 $13,858.9 $379.9
TOTAL $8,849.5 $14,477.8 $14,477.8 $13,479.0 $13,858.9 $379.9
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
Hazardous Substance
$629.5 $1,467.9 $1,467.9 $1,592.9 $1,592.9
TOTAL $629.5 $1,467.9 $1,467.9 $1,592.9 $1,592.9
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Response-Enforcement
$100,354.4 $120,924.0 $122,925.5 $121,259.1 $131,537.1 $10,278.0
TOTAL $100,354.4 $120,924.0 $122,925.5 $121,259.1 $131,537.1 $10,278.0
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198
to
TI
4*
in
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
31.1
8.9
45.5
489.3 653.0
162.2 262.5
17.3
691.5 978.3
45.5
262.5
17.3
990.5
45.5
17.3
45.5
665.2 613.9 701.4 87.5
246.1 262.5
17.3
16.4
922.8 1.026.7 103.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
34.5
529.7
191.2
45.5
653.0
262.5
45.5
665.2
262.5
45.5
650.2
262.5
45.5
701.4
262.5
51.2
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement
Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
TOTAL HORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987
9.1
764.5
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
17.3
978.3
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
17.3
990.5
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
17.3
975.5
REQUEST
1989
17.3
1,026.7
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198
51.2
CO
-n
'4k
a\
-------
SUPERFUND
Hazardous Subs'tance Response - Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $131,537,100 supported by 1,026.7 total
workyears for 1989 for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation for techni-
cal, administrative, and legal enforcement activities. This represents an Increase
of $10,278,000 and 51.2 workyears from 1988. The Increase reflects expanded
efforts to secure responsible party (RP) site cleanup and to pursue recovery of
Federal and State costs from RPs.
Program Description
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorlzation Act
(SARA) of 1986, was enacted in response to the threat to public health and the
environment posed by uncontrolled hazardous substances releases. Enforcement is a
major EPA activity under Superfund designed to obtain maximum cleanup action by the
polluters responsible for the environmental damage caused by them.
The complex activities involved 1n the Superfund enforcement program require a
close working relationship between Agency legal and technical operations, the
Department of Justice (DOJ), and other Agency offices. Within this framework,
legal and technical enforcement Information is developed about a site and Its
potentially responsible parties. Based on this information and in consultation
with State and program staffs, a Fund-financed or RP-flnanced study is conducted
to determine a remedy consistent with the National Contingency Plan (NCP).
Through negotiations, RPs are given the opportunity to design and construct
the remedy necessary to alleviate the identified threat. If negotiations are not
successful, the remedial action proceeds using Trust Fund resources, and a future
cost recovery action 1s initiated against the RPs. Alternatively, litigation may
be initiated to compel an RP response. Agreements by RPs to undertake response
actions are ratified in the form of CERCLA Section 104/106 administrative orders on
consent for remedial investigation/feasibility studies (RI/FS) and removal actions
or consent decrees for remedial response actions (RA). In the event of non-
compliance with the terms of an order or decree, civil action is taken to enforce
the order or decree.
Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring Thfsprogramsupportsthe SuperfundactivitiesoTthe National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). The NEIC provides specialized technical
support for civil and criminal litigation development in nationally managed cases,
cases having precedent-setting Implications, cases with multl-Regional impacts,
and cases which are extremely complex or Involve unique technological requirements.
Specialized support includes field investigations, laboratory analysis of high
hazard samples, and preparation of technical testimony.
Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement This program develops technical
documentation for Superfund enforcement actions. Activities include Identifying
RPs and providing technical support for all stages of the negotiation and settle-
ment process, as well as litigative action conducted by DOJ. Once the RP agrees to
conduct site cleanup, the program is also responsible for the oversight to assure
compliance with the settlement. If the RP will not conduct the response action,
the program will initiate cost recovery as Fund-financed activities proceed.
Technical support is also provided for State-lead enforcement actions and Federal
facility response.
SF-47
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Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement This program provides the legal staff
for Superfund enforcement. The program conducts Federal enforcement actions under
SARA including: judicial enforcement activities during negotiations, settlement
referral and litigation, Federal cost recovery actions, and assistance to the
States in the development of enforcement and cost recovery actions in conjunction
with Federal enforcement.
Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations The basic goal of this
program^which is underthe direction of the NEIC, is to initiate and conduct
criminal investigations under SARA. The Criminal Investigations program takes the
lead in oversight of implementation of criminal enforcement policy for SARA,
participation in prosecution of criminal cases with national or precedent-setting
significance, development of training programs, and development of criminal cases
for Agency personnel.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
MONITORING
1_9_89 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,739,000 supported by 45.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The request represents no change in dollars or total workyears
from 1988.
In 1989 NEIC will continue to provide its full range of support services
in response to the new demands of SARA. Areas of continuing emphasis will include:
Responsible Party Searches An increased emphasis on negotiations will make
early, comprehensive searches much more important. NEIC provides support to the
Regions in automated data base analysis of corporate histories and ownership.
Nonbinding Preliminary Allocations of Responsibility and De Minimis Settle-
ments These twoareaswilluseNEIC s unique information retrieval systems
and technical analysis skills to assess the character of hazardous wastes involved
in the allocation process and to support complex settlements involving jte minimis
parties.
Section 106 and 107 Judicial Actions NEIC will continue to provide
analytical expertise in developing judicial cases and supporting their complex
expert testimony needs through to completion. Evidence audit support will be
provided to assure the accuracy of site records, as the number of actions being
prepared for litigation for remedy or cost recovery increases.
Criminal Referrals under Section 103 and Negotiation for Cleanup at Federal
FacilTty Sites These areas will experience continued emphasis as a result of the
significant increase in criminal enforcement authorities and explicit emphasis on
Federal facilities in the reauthorized statute.
This program will also continue to conduct field investigations in support of
case development, provide laboratory analysis including groundwater sample analy-
sis, provide technical testimony, negotiate technical aspects of key consent
decrees, ensure evidence audit quality control, and provide for the safe disposal
of hazardous waste material gathered during criminal investigations.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $8,739,000 supported by 45.5
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
SF-48
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As a result of reauthorlzation, the technical support program at NEIC 1s
responding to a growing demand for services. This 1s due primarily to three
factors: growth In the size of the National Priority List (NPL) which Increases
demand for the special environmental monitoring work, growth 1n levels of
enforcement-related activities, and the Introduction of several new areas of
responsibility. These areas Include work related to nonblndlng preliminary allo-
cations of responsibility, de minimis settlements, and Federal facility sites.
In addition, laboratory and technical support work due to changes 1n the criminal
provisions of the statute will see expanded activity. Evidence audit control
processes are being continued to ensure that proper chain-of-custody procedures
are followed.
In areas of special sensitivity, such as criminal case management or Federal
facility enforcement, NEIC 1s able to provide high caliber staff expertise without
the risk of conflict of interest which might be inherent in the use of contractor
staff. NEIC also protects the Agency's interests by continuing to audit contract
laboratories.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $7,926,900 supported by 34.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
In 1987, NEIC supported new and on-going civil and criminal judicial
enforcement actions, handled requests for computerized information system searches
for data relating to responsible parties and sites, conducted quality assurance
inspections at contract laboratories, and participated in several major environ-
mental assessment projects such as providing significant support to the Groundwater
Monitoring Task Force. In addition, NEIC continues to provide extensive technical
assistance to EPA and State laboratories in the following areas: analytical .pro-
cedures; preparation and handling of high hazard samples; disposal of hazardous
laboratory wastes; shipping and safety procedures; protection and restoration
plans; site investigations and safety procedures.
NEIC also continued its in-depth studies of chemical hazards to laboratory and
field personnel engaged in hazardous waste investigations.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $107,346,300 supported by 701.4 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This reflects an increase of $9,898,100 and 51.2 total workyears to
compel and oversee RP response at sites and to initiate cost recovery actions in
major cases.
The Technical Enforcement effort in 1989 will focus on managing an expanding
remedial enforcement pipeline of sites already underway, while also assuring that
responsible parties begin work at previously unaddressed sites. A large number of
sites currently under study are expected to reach the final cleanup stages by 1989.
The program anticipates providing oversight of 70 new remedial designs and 35 new
remedial actions conducted by responsible parties. This represents an increase of
16 remedial designs and 16 remedial action starts above the 1988 level. The Agency
will oversee these, as well as other remedial and removal actions, to ensure that
responsible parties complete the cleanup as agreed upon 1n the settlement.
SF-49
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The program will encourage settlements with responsible parties through
the use of jte minimi's and mixed funding settlements. Where settlement is not
achieved, the program will swiftly pursue litigation in referring cases to DOJ. In
1989, the Agency expects to refer 91 settlement and litigation cases to DOJ.
A key component of the Technical Enforcement program will be an aggressive
cost recovery effort. The Agency will pursue an estimated 56 new cost recovery
actions at sites where Fund-financed cleanup has occurred.
The Enforcement program will finalize guidance implementing the revised NCP
based on a review of the effectiveness of interim SARA policies and other SARA
requirements. Included will be revised guidance on the administrative record, RP
enforcement and oversight, the settlement policy, special notice, and mixed funding
and de minimi's settlements. Major cost recovery improvements will include updating
the current manual and developing arbitration procedures.
The Agency. will provide support to States to assist them with enforcement
actions at NPL sites and to ensure that subsequent site deletion is in accordance
with the NCP. Technical assistance grants will allow communities to analyze recom-
mended remedies. Maintenance of the administrative record will demonstrate that
the NCP has been adhered to in the selection of the remedy.
Technical assistance will be provided to other Federal agencies that are
addressing uncontrolled hazardous wastes at their own facilities. EPA, in accord-
ance with CERCLA and SARA mandates, will concur with or select the site remedy and
will negotiate an agreement with the agencies to implement the remedy. To the
extent possible, EPA will seek reimbursement for expenses at these sites.
CERCLA enforcement authorities will also be used to ensure that owners
and operators will conduct pre-remedial and planning activities at selected envi-
ronmentally significant closed or closing hazardous waste storage and treatment
facilities.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $97,448,200 supported by 650.2
total workyears, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropri-
ation, to secure and oversee responsible party cleanup action at NPL and other
priority sites and to pursue cost recovery actions.
The program is using 1988 resources to select remedies at sites currently
under study and to encourage responsible parties to take over the cleanup effort.
Procedures for maintaining the administrative record are being developed to ensure
that the remedy selected at these sites is consistent with the NCP. The program
is selecting site remedies for the 57 RP-financed studies estimated for completion
in 1988.
Once remedies have been selected, negotiations will occur. De minimis and
mixed funding settlements are an integral piece of negotiations "with RPs. In
cases where a settlement is not reached, the Agency is pursuing litigation. An
estimated 85 settlement and litigation cases are being referred to DOJ.
In addition to selecting site remedies and negotiating with RPs, the program
is assuring that RPs comply with agreed upon cleanup activities at sites where a
settlement has been reached and work is underway. In 1988, the program is planning
to oversee 54 remedial designs and 19 remedial actions.
Where Fund-financed action has proceeded, the program is pursuing
administrative or judicial cost recovery actions. The Enforcement program plans
to refer approximately 51 Judicial actions to DOJ.
SF-50
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The first Federal Facility Docket Is being finalized. The Agency 1s
overseeing an estimated 25 studies to determine site remediation. EPA must concur
on the other agencies selection of remedy. In addition, enforcement efforts are
expanding In the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and CERCLA Interface
area with emphasis on RCRA land ban regulations, closures, and other applicable
regulations.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $82,948,500 and used 529.7 total workyears, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
Major efforts were Initiated to Implement the provisions of SARA. The program
reviewed and modified existing policies to Improve oversight of and settlements
with RPs. The Agency conducted oversight of 40 RP cleanup studies, 5 RP remedial
designs and 6 RP remedial actions. In addition, the program assured that 33 nego-
tiated removal actions conducted by RPs met Agency standards. The program also
conducted negotiations and referred 11 cases to DOJ for settlement or litigation.
The Federal Facility Task Force was Initiated to develop policy and Implement
procedures for Section 120 provisions of SARA. The Task Force also provided sup-
port to the Regions as they developed complex and precedent-setting Interagency
agreements.
The Agency expanded cost recovery e.fforts by referring 24 cases to DOJ. The
total value of cost recovery activities reached $51,000,000 by the end of 1987.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
1939 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,858,900 supported by 262.5 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $379,900 and no change in total
workyears from 1988. The Increase supports additional operating costs.
Superfund legal enforcement work will continue to fall Into two major
categories: actions to secure privately-financed site cleanup and cost recovery
actions to recoup Fund dollars actually expended in Fund-financed cleanup.
Enforcement actions to secure privately-financed cleanup allow Fund resources to
be focused on orphaned sites or sites with insolvent responsible parties where
use of the Fund presents the only available response option. Recovery actions
return monies to the Fund and permit the Agency to address a larger number of
sites.
Headquarters staff will continue to serve 1n two capacities. The first is the
development of policy and guidance materials. Implementation of the broader SARA
enforcement provisions will continue to require development of policy and guidance
for new issues. In addition, early policies which were, of necessity, general 1n
nature, will need major revisions based on case-specific applications. Finally,
revised guidance will often be necessary to incorporate lessons learned during
management reviews of overall program performance.
The second Headquarters role is that of litigation support. Although the
trend in CERCLA will be to decrease Headquarters participation in litigation
management, this objective will be counter-balanced by the anticipated growth in
the number of precedent-setting actions expected to be ready for prosecution in
1989. Two important criteria for Headquarters Involvement will be the need for
SF-51
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special subject-matter expertise and the express request of the Regions.
Headquarters staff will also provide a focal point for exchange of ideas and
strategies useful for particularly complex cases or in cas'es where responsible
parties, are particularly recalcitrant. Headquarters will, in some cases, take the
lead in enforcement actions, particularly in case development for Section 106 con-
sent decrees and in such relatively new areas as de minimi's settlements and
administrative cost recovery.
The emphasis of SARA on negotiation with responsible parties and on mandatory
schedules will continue to have significant Impact on the Involvement of the
Regional legal enforcement In the response to new waste sites. In addition, SARA
substantially broadened the mandate for public participation in the cleanup process
and introduced several new enforcement remedies that required an expansion in
Regional legal enforcement work in 1988. Areas of intense Regional legal effort
required or emphasized by the SARA legislation continue to Include the following:
o Administrative Records must be able to withstand court scrutiny In
determinations regarding responsibility to conduct remedial action and/or
respond to cost recovery claims.
o Nonbinding Preliminary Allocations of Responsibility require active legal
enforcement support, particularly in the allocation phase, 1f they are to
be useful in subsequent negotiations.
o De Minimis Settlements require legal Involvement to Insure that they are
appropriately handled with respect to subsequent negotiations.
o Consent Decrees are now required to codify successful completion of
negotiations with Responsible Parties to conduct remedial designs and
remedial actions.
o Use of Administrative or Civil "Judicial Remedies for ReportabTe Quantity
Violations willresultTnlegalenforcement activityinanareawhere
formerly only criminal remedies were available.
o Federal facilities will demand substantial legal enforcement participation
to ensure that agreements are properly negotiated and implemented.
Because of the preeminence of negotiation, legal enforcement will continue to
be involved much earlier in the enforcement decision-making process than was true
prior to the enactment of SARA. Substantial emphasis will also be placed on cost
recovery actions.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $13,479,000 supported by 262.5
total work years for this program, all of which Is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
Legal work is continuing on a number of landmark CERCLA cases in California,
New York, Missouri, and Massachusetts. Early legal Involvement in enforcement
actions is Important to achieve maximum environmental benefits. This Involvement
assists in the cost identification of intermediate steps in the enforcement process
to achieve progress in cleanup actions. In 1988, a large proportion of Regional
legal resources are being utilized 1n preliminary enforcement activity and 1n
administrative enforcement. This shift of legal staff attention to earlier stages
in the enforcement process should prove cost-effective by reducing the need for
protracted judicial litigation. Civil judicial referrals are used primarily
against responsible parties who are potentially liable for cleanup of very
significant sites and for major cost recovery actions.
SF-52
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Headquarters support for judicial enforcement shows an upswing as the Agency
establishes precedents with new types of enforcement activity such as ^e minimis
settlements, consent decrees codifying negotiations with responsible parties to
undertake site response activities, civil remedies for reportable quantity viola-
tions, and nonbinding preliminary allocations of responsibility. Headquarters
continues to provide active support to major on-going litigation for both remedial
action and cost recovery.
1987 Accomplishment
In 1987, the Agency obligated $8,849,500 supported by 191.2 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
In 1987, Headquarters staff provided significant support to negotiations and
trial preparation for cases such as Stringfellow, Love Canal, and the Missouri
dioxin sites. The settlement of the dloxin case against the Charter Company
involved recovery of $5,000,000 in response costs, a major success.
During 1987, Headquarters developed guidance for new SARA provisions,
including de m1n1mis settlements, access to sites, and arbitration regulations.
These guidances will improve the SARA implementation process and ensure consistency
in Federal Superfund enforcement actions. In addition to on-site consultation,
technical assistance efforts included development of an automated model for
calculation of Interest payable by defendants 1n cost recovery cases and the
establishment of an automated, key word, full text library of model CERCLA consent
decrees.
A task force begun 1n conjunction with DOJ with the goal of streamlining and
smoothing the civil and judicial enforcement process made substantial progress on
settlement procedures. Regional work continued on landmark CERCLA cases, such as
the New Bedford Harbor and Environmental Conservation and Chemical cases. Signif-
icant legal support was devoted to preliminary enforcement activity and adminis-
trative enforcement. Civil judicial referrals and follow through continued to
demand significant Regional legal support. Emphasis was placed on cost recovery
actions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,592,900 supported by 17.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change in dollars or total workyears from 1988.
The reauthorization contains a number of significant provisions which will
improve the effectiveness of the Agency's criminal enforcement program. For
instance, existing criminal sanctions for the failure to report releases of hazard-
ous substances, the destruction of records, and the submission of false information
in a claim have been raised from the misdemeanor to felony level and are now
punishable by a maximum of three years imprisonment. As a result, criminal
enforcement activity under SARA is expected to continue at the increased levels
experienced in 1988. Major increases in the number of sites on the NPL will also
contribute to an increase in criminal caseload, particularly in the area of
destruction of records and submitting false information. Criminal cases are
also expected to be more complex.
"SF-53
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1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,592,900 supported by 17.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.
In 1988, criminal investigative activity is responding to an increase in the
volume and complexity of Superfund-related issues. With an aggressive use of the
more severe SARA sanctions, the regulated community is expected to become more
aware of the penalties associated with the destruction of records or the submission
of false information. In 1988, the clear establishment of the Agency's deterrent
message on these important concerns is made through an increase in referral
activity.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $629,500 supported by 9.1 total
workyears, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
Investigative resources were devoted to implementing the expanded enforcement
authorities under SARA linked, as appropriate, to other statutory enforcement
actions for maximum impact.
SF-54
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Management and Support
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
SUPERFUND
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Hazardous Substance Management and Support SF-56
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters .. SF-63
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Regions SF-64
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters SF-65
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions SF-65
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters SF-66
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions SF-67
Hazardous Substance Computer Services SF-67
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters SF-68
Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions SF-68
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Inspector General SF-69
Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation SF-70
Hazardous Substance-Office of the Comptroller , SF-71
Hazardous Substance-Office of External Affairs SF-72
Hazardous Substance-Office of Research and Development-
Lab Support SF-72
SF-55
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Admlnlstrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
$9,518.3 $15,555.0 $15,555.0 $15,615.0
TOTAL $9,518.3 $15,555.0 $15,555.0 $15,615.0
$8,934.3 -$6,680.7
$8,934.3 -$6,680.7
$2,650.5 $6,443.4 $6,443.4 $6,268.1 $6,439.0 $170.9
TOTAL $2,650.5 $6,443.4 $6,443.4 $6,268.1 $6,439.0 $170.9
$8,927.2 $15,905.0 $15,905.0 $14,697.1 $12,764.7 -$1,932.4
TOTAL $8,927.2 $15,905.0 $15,905.0 $14,697.1 $12,764.7 -$1,932.4
$2,115.8 $2,785.2 $2,785.2 $2,836.9 $3,001.3 $164.4
TOTAL $2,115.8 $2,785.2 $2,785.2 $2,836.9 $3,001.3 $164.4
m-r., J}J'f33'8 $25'428-8 $25.428.8 $26,268.8 $30,121.1 $3,852.3
TOTAL $17,633.8 $25,428.8 $25,428.8 $26,268.8 $30,121.1 $3,852.3
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i
171
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
Hazardous Substance
Support Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Computer Services
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
$13,696.9
TOTAL $13,696.9
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
$3,417.2
$3,417.2
$541.8
$541.8
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$9,925.0 $9,925.0 $11,425.0 $13,909.0 $2,484.0
$9,925.0 $9.925.0 $11,425.0 $13,909.0 $2,484.0
$4,700.0 $4,700.0 $4,700.0 $7,247.7 $2,547.7
$4,700.0 $4,700.0 $4,700.0 $7,247.7 $2,547.7
$666.0 $666.0 $666.0 $666.0
$666.0 $666.0 $666.0 $666.0
TOTAL
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
$858.0 $1,309.4 $1,309.4 $1,159.0 $1,159.0
$858.0 $1,309.4 $1,309.4 $1,159.0 $1,159.0
$4,581.2 $6,896.1 $6,896.1 $6,896.1 $6,896.1
$4,581.2 $6,896.1 $6,896.1 $6,896.1 $6,896.1
$3,482.5 $4,113.5 $4,113.5 $4,113.5 $3,433.5
$3.482.5 $4,113.5 $4,113.5 $4,113.5 $3,433.5
-$680.0
-$680.0
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7
ui
oo
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance -
Office of External
Affairs
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
Support
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
Management and Support TOTAL
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$572.2 $1,144.0 $1.144.0 $1,144.0 $1,294.0
$572.2 $1,144.0 $1,144.0 $1.144.0 $1,294.0
$47.8
$47.8
$202.5
$202.5
$216.9
$216.9
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$202.5
$202.5
$250.0
$250.0
$68,260.1 $95,121.4 $95,121.4 $96,242.0 $96.318.2
$68,260.1 $95,121.4 $95,121.4 $96,242.0 $96,318.2
$150.0
$150.0
$76.2
$76.2
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
37.7
50.7
57.0
96.0
57.0
96.0
53.0
89.8
53.0
96.0
6.2
-------
00
T
in
vo
Office of the Inspector
General
Hazardous Substance
Office of Policy,
Planning And Evaluation
Hazardous Substance
Office of the
Comptroller
Hazardous Substance -
Office of External
Affairs
SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
8.7
.5
9.9
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
(DOLLARS IN
91.7 157.6
53.4 63.8
6.1 9.0
19.4 25.9
45.1 52.8
THOUSANDS)
157.6 152.3 152.3
63.8 64.2 71.1
9.0 9.0 9.0
25.9 24.8 25.9
52.8 52.8 52.8
6.9
1.1
6.0 12.8 12.8 10.0 12.8 2.8
9.9 11.9 11.9
3.0 3.0
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
319.3 484.8 484.8 470.8 487.8 17.0
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SUPERFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
TOTAL WORKYEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
o>
o
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General
hazardous Substance
Office of Policy.
Planning And Evaluation
39.3 57.0 57.0 53.0 53.0
58.4 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0
98.2 157.6 157.6 152.3 152.3
64.0 63.8 63.8 71.1
6.5
23.2 25.9 25.9 25.9
8.0
71.1
9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
25.9
45.7 52.8 52.8 52.8 52.8
12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8
-------
SUPEKFUND
Management and Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Office of the Comptroller
Hazardous Substance -
Office of External
Affairs
TOTAL WORKYEARS
8.9
9.9 i 9.9
11.9
3.0
11.9
3.0
352.7 484.8 484.8 487,8 487.8
0>
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SUPERFUND
Hazardous Substance Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $96,318,200 supported by 487.8 total workyears
for 1989, an increase of $76,200 and no change in total workyears from 1988. All
of the request will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These
increases reflect the additional management and support required for the operation
of an expanding Hazardous Substances Response program.
Program Description
This function provides the full array of financial, administrative, management
analysis and support services necessary to manage and implement the Superfund
program.
Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters and Regions This
component contains two program elements which maintain financial records, track
and report on the use of the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund, and provide
site-specific cost documentation for cost recovery cases.
Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters and Regions
These program elements provide resources to fund the Superfund administrate*ve
services necessary to award and administer contracts, process personnel actions,
provide central management and technical support for Superfund information systems,
acquire and maintain Superfund office and laboratory services, provide technical
assistance and training for the Superfund program staff to assure the safety of
those employees, and manage Superfund property inventories.
Hazardous Substance Support Services - Headquarters and Regions This
component contains two program elements which cover the costs of space, utilities,
printing, equipment, and other nonpersonnel support needs that are allocable to
the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
Hazardous Substance Computer Services This program element funds the data
processing (timesharing) costs of operating and maintaining all Superfund inform-
ation systems.
Hazardous Substance Legal Services- Headquarters and Regions These
program elements fund the activities of the Office of the General Counsel (OGC)
and the Office of the Regional Counsels under Superfund. These activities include
statutory interpretations of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA), and the issuance of opinions and advice regarding the use of the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund and other financial, administrative, or legal issues.
In addition, OGC acts as the Agency's chief counsel in defending regulatory and
other Agency decisions regarding the implementation of SARA. The Offices of the
Regional Counsels advise and assist the Regions and States in interpreting the
Act and represent the Regions in defensive litigation activities.
Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General The program element
provides appropriate audits and investigations of the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund, as well as pre-award, interim, and final audits of contracts awarded
under the Superfund program, and audits of Cooperative Agreements with the States.
Hazardous Substance - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation This
program element provides policy analysis, program evaluation, management assessment,
and technical support and analysis under the Superfund program.
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Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller The program element funds
resource analysis and budgeting under Superfund.These activities Include budget
development and oversight, response to OMB and Congressional Inquiries, analysis
of program operating plans, issuance of allowances, and resource analyses on
critical issues pertaining to the utilization of Superfund monies.
Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs External Affairs activi-
ties will focus on developing policies and guidance for Section 120 implementation
for Federal Facility cleanup, providing technical assistance and advice to Federal
Agencies on the development of CERCLA/SARA programs required by E.O. 12088 and
assisting in addressing the new community and State involvement, community right-
to-know and public participation requirements of SARA.
Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development - Lab Support This
program element provides the essentiallaboratorysupport services required to
operate ad maintain the Office of Research and Development's Superfund research
program in three remote laboratories across the country. These support services
include facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment operations,
rental costs, and other nonpersonnel laboratory support needs that are allocable
to the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $8,934,300 supported by 53.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $6,680,700 and no change in total
workyears from 1988. The decrease reflects the completion of equipment acquisition
to support cost recovery and site specific documentation purchased in 1988. This
program will provide for the implementation and maintenance of a nationwide document
storage and retrieval system. The system will allow for the automated collection
and retrieval of documents for the site-specific cost documentation files and the
complete and timely documentation of costs incurred at Superfund sites.
The program will continue to provide the level of Headquarters financial
management support necessary to ensure the integrity of Superfund site-specific
cost accounting data. This encompasses the review and reconciliation of Head-
quarters site-specific documents as they are being processed to assure that the
information is accurate as well as to assure that it is entered into the Financial
Management System accurately. It also Includes monitoring of Headquarters costs
charged to site-specific accounts by EPA employees, other Federal agencies, State
and local governments, and commercial entities to ensure that amounts are properly
documented and within budget. The program will also calculate and apply indirect
cost rates to assure that full Agency costs are charged to sites and claimed in
cost recovery actions. In addition, the program will provide for basic financial
services Including payroll support, invoice and voucher processing, reports prepara-
tion, and funds control for Headquarters.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $15,615,000 supported by 53.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide for the purchase of an automated
document collection and retrieval system that is necessary to maintain pace with
the increased requests for cost documentation. These resources also provide for
the establishment of current cost documentation files in Headquarters so that
costs claimed in cost recovery litigation can be supported immediately. This is
particularly important in bankruptcy cases where time is of the essence. In the
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past, an extensive manual file search has been necessary to gather documents that
support costs being claimed. In addition, these resources provide for an enhanced
level of review and reconciliation to insure the integrity of Headquarters charges
posted against site-specific accounts in the Financial Management System as well
as providing for basic financial services to an expanding Superfund program.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $9,518,300 supported by 39.3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources provided for limited site-specific * accounting
support and allowed for preparation of cost recovery documentation after a case
entered the negotiation or litigation phase. Experience has shown that complete
documentation is often not available, and that advance case preparation is necessary.
Also provided were basic financial services for the Superfund program such as
payroll and invoice processing. Funds obligated also provided for a pilot study
of an automated document storage and retrieval system.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,439,000 supported by 96.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $170,900 and no change in total workyears
from 1988. The increase reflects additional operating costs. This will provide
for the collection and verification of Regional cost documentation and the reconci-
liation of these documents with the Financial Management System on a current basis.
This will be done by establishing a cost documentation file in each Region as
costs are incurred rather than gathering documentation at a later date. This
will allow the Agency to respond Immediately with documentation for bankruptcy
cases where time is of the essence as well as assure that all documents needed
for protracted negotiation or litigation are available when requested. Resources
will also provide for the review of State accounting systems and for support to
assure that State systems adequately document expenditures of Federal assistance
so that they too can be recovered from responsible parties. Also included are
resources necessary to provide basic financial services to the Regional Superfund
program for payroll and voucher processing, funds control and reporting for manage-
ment and program purposes.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,268,100 supported by 96.0
total workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources support the enhanced Regional Superfund
financial activities. These activities Include payroll, voucher processing, funds
control and reporting for management purposes. Resources will provide site-specific
accounting support which will be used for cost-recovery litigation.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,650,500 supported by 58.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. With these resources, the Regional financial management offices
provided site-specific accounting support and gathered Regional cost documentation
as requested by Regional counsel when cases entered the negotiation or litigation
phases. Also provided were basic financial services for the Regional Superfund
program such as payroll and invoice processing and reporting.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $12,764,700 supported by 152.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents a decrease of $1,932,400 and no workyear change from
1988. The decrease reflects completion of an equipment acquisition to support
information management. We will continue to effectively award, administer, and
manage rapidly increasing numbers of Superfund contracts, as well as assure quality
control over contracts with increasingly high obligation amounts and provide support
for continued development and implementation of automated information systems.
These resources will also provide centralized administrative services for Superfund
activities such as: awarding and managing contracts and assuring accountability for
cooperative and interagency agreements; managing automated .systems; developing
health and safety training courses; implementing specialized medical monitoring
programs; providing recruitment, staffing, training/development, management and
organizational analysis, and classification activities; and providing sufficient
facilities management to support the overall Superfund program.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $14,697,100 supported by 152.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation. These resources enable the program to provide centralized
administrative and management services to Superfund activities. In 1988, emphasis
will be on awarding and managing increasing numbers of contracts, grants, cooperative
and interagency agreements. Special emphasis will be placed on oversight of grants
activities and developing guidance for more complex cooperative agreements and new
program grants. Another priority is to recruit properly qualified personnel and to
provide for the intense and specialized training needs of Superfund employees, and
to provide management and organizational analysis to strengthen Superfund management
processes. Significant investment is also being placed on revising or developing
information systems including systems to track hazardous substance releases at
Federal Facilities.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $8,927,200 supported by 98.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources enabled the Agency to award and administer the
contracts and cooperative and interagency agreements required to carry out emergency
and remedial response activities and provided central technical support for develo-
ping, operating, and maintaining all automated Superfund information systems. The
Agency also refined health and safety standards and procedures, and maintained and
supported the Agency personnel requirements of the Superfund program staff. The
Agency developed' delegations of authority so that Superfund activities could be
carried out in an effective manner.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,001,300 supported by 71.1 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. This represents an increase of $164,400 and no change in total workyears
from 1988. The increase reflects additional operating costs. Regional administra-
tive management activities will include: continuing recruitment of personnel to
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work 1n the Super-fund program, assuring a reliable health and safety program,
providing adequate ADP technical assistance to support the site-specific record-
keeping requirements of the Superfund program and improved information systems
for EPA and State operations, and ensuring that small purchase and contract and
procurement management maintains a level of accountability commensurate with
program growth.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,836,900 supported by 71.1
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. These resources provide Regional Superfund administrative
support services for contracting and procurement, personnel, health and safety,
facilities, and information management activities. Workyear increases reflect the
implementation of the Agency's decentralized Superfund contracting strategy. The
program is placing special emphasis on efforts to recruit properly qualified
personnel and to provide for the intense and specialized training needs of Super-
fund employees. Increased efforts are also underway in the area of information
resources management to efficiently respond to increasing program demands for
staff support.
v
1987 Accomplishments -
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $2,115,800 supported by 64.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources provided a full complement of administrative
management services to the Regional Superfund program.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $30,121,100 for this program, all of which
will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund Appropriation. This represents an
increase of $3,852,300 from 1988. The increase reflects the additional management
and support required for the operation of an expanding Hazardous Substance Superfund
program. These resources will fund the Hazardous Substance Response program's
share of Headquarters and Agencywide costs. These costs will include: facilities
rental, Federal Telecommunications System (FTS), utilities, local telephone service,
printing and copying, postage, other building and office services and health and
safety training.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $26,268,800 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
fund support costs in Headquarters which include facilities rental, FTS, utilities,
local telephone and other related services.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $17;633,800 for this program, all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
were the Superfund programs' share of the Agency management and support costs
needed to operate the Headquarters operations.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $13,909,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase
of $2,484,000 from 1988. The increase reflects the additional management and support
required for the operation of an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program and
includes resources to purchase ESD laboratory equipment. These resources will cover
utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying, minicomputer operations,
equipment maintenance, and all other support services related to the Superfund
program activities in the Regions.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,425,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
supports the costs for utilities, local telephone service, printing and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment maintenance and other support services related
to Regional Superfund program activities.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $13,696,900 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This program
funded the operation and maintenance costs in the Regions to operate the Superfund
program activities.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $7,247,700 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents an increase
of $2,547,700 from 1988. The increase reflects support for the additional ADP
requirements for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Information System (CERCLIS), the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program
Contract Compliance Screening Data Base and the Agency's integrated financial
management system. These resources will provide centralized computing services to
the Hazardous Substance Superfund Program by the Agency's National Computer Center
in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. These funds pay a portion of the Center's
costs for equipment, telecommunications, software leases and maintenance and
facility operations.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating $4,700,000 for this program, all of which is
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This amount reflects an
increase in the size and use of Hazardous Substance Response program data bases.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,417,200 for this program, all of
which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. The program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Superfund Program.
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HAZARDOUS SUSTANCES LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS
.1989 Program Request
In 1989, the Agency requests a total of $666,000 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents no change from 1988.
The Office of General Counsel (06C) will provide legal advice and consultation
on matters related to the implementation of the Superfund program. The OGC will
support the Agency's promulgation of rules, establishment of policy,, and preparation
of guidance documents for program implementation of the reauthorized Superfund
program. This includes legal support to financial and administrative operation of
Superfund, Including Contract Law, Audits, Cooperative Agreements and Freedom of
Information Act (FOIA). The OGC handles Superfund litigation in which the Agency
is a defendant.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $666,000 supported by 9.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of General Counsel is providing advice and consultation
on financial and administrative matters such as eligible uses of the Fund; legal
guidance on program matters such as interpretation of the statute, development of
regulations,, and changes to the National Contingency Plan; and defense of the Agency
in any litigation brought against it concerning CERCLA.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $541,800 supported by 6.5 total
workyears for this program, all which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Office of General Counsel provided legal guidance in program
matters such as statutory interpretation, development of response priorities, review
of proposed regulatory actions, and defense of the Agency where litigation had
been brought against it concerning CERCLA.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES LEGAL SERVICES -REGIONS
1989 Program Request
In 1989, the Agency requests a total of $1,159,000 supported by 25.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation. This represents no change from 1988.
The Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal advice and consultation on
matters related to the Implementation of the Superfund program to the Regional
Administrators, Regional Superfund managers and State agencies. Principal activi-
ties will be the defense of the Agency in CERCLA litigation filed against it,
participation in formal administrative proceedings, review of state cooperative
agreements, activities relating to access by the public to EPA held information,
development of the administrative record for selection of cleanup remedies, legal
support to program response activities, and the provision of a wide variety of
legal counsel and advice to Regional, state and local program officials.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,159,000 supported by 25.9
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
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Superfund apropriation. The Office of Regional Counsel will continue to represent
the Agency 1n Regional defensive litigation concerning Superfund. In addition, the
Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal assistance by reviewing state
cooperative agreements for legal sufficiency; advising state agencies regarding the
legal requirements of the Superfund program; determining eligible uses of the Fund;
and advising on Federal procurement and treatment of confidential information.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $858,000 supported by 23.2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. The Offices of Regional Counsel provided EPA and state agencies
with legal advice and consultation on matters related to the implementation of
CERCLA. Principal activities of the Offices of Regional Counsel included the
conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of cooperative agreements with states
for site cleanup, and general legal support to the Superfund program in the Regions.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $6,896,100 supported by 52.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents no change from 1988. These resources will
enable the Office of Inspector General to continue its efforts to comply with
statutory requirements placed on it by Congress in the Superfund reauthoriration.
The DIG will continue its program of external audits performed by public accounting
firms and other government audit agencies as well as continue operating a limited
internal audit program to examine the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the
Fund's management. The DIG will continue to investigate referrals of suspected
criminal activity with high potential for criminal prosecution. Also, investigative
resources will enable the Office of Inspector General to identify and eliminate
situations which create the opportunity for fraud and abuse.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,896,100 supported by 52.8
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance
Response Trust Fund appropriation. These resources enable the Office of Inspector
General to begin meeting the statutory requirements placed on it by Congress in
the Superfund reauthorization. These annual requirements include (1) auditing
payments, obligations, reimbursements or other uses of the funds; (2) examining a
sample of agreements with States carrying out response actions; (3) examining
remedial investigations and feasibility studies; (4) reviewing the Administrator's
status report on all remedial and enforcement actions; and (5) reviewing the
Administrator's estimate of the amount of resources necessary for EPA to complete
the implementation of its Superfund responsibilities. The DIG will continue its
program of external audits performed by public accounting firms and other govern-
ment audit, agencies as well as operate a limited internal audit program to examine
the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the Fund's management. It will
investigate referrals of suspected criminal activity with high potential for
criminal prosecution.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,581,200 supported by 45.7 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation. During 1987, the Office of Inspector General issued 107
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audit reports on the Fund. Internal audits focused on: progress, costs, and
management of States' cleanup actions; Regional monitoring of cooperative agreements
with States; and, planning, control, and accuracy of the Superfund management
information system. Superfund audits questioned and set aside $114 million of the
approximately $402 million audited. Investigative efforts resulted in the identi-
fication of several major schemes in connection with cleanup actions that are being
pursued for both criminal and civil prosecution.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $3,433,500 'supported by 12.8 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents a decrease of $680,000 and no change in total
workyears. The decrease reflects a shift 1n emphasis from Superfund regulation
and analysis to program implementation.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will concentrate on policy development as
the Superfund program works to implement the 1986 amendments and the revised National
Contingency Plan (NCP). It will continue its involvement 1n the development, review,
and analysis of policy proposals, including extensive workgroup participation;
conduct a comprehensive analysis of Superfund risk data; assist the Regions in imple-
menting risk assessment methodologies and decision-making processes; evaluate the
impact of the amendments and the revised NCP on remedy decisions and analyze the role
of states and citizens in the Superfund process as an adjunct to Office of Management
Systems and Evaluation (OMSE) studies. The Office of Standards and Regulations
(OSR) will conduct pilot studies at selected Superfund sites as followup to statis-
tical sampling and data analysis guidance developed in 1987 and 1988. It will begin
development of statistical strategies to address and resolve problems related to
the Hazard Ranking System (HRS), targeting of preliminary assessments and site
investigations and sampling strategies designed to accommodate quick turnaround
chemical analysis. It also will adapt its enforcement targeting model for use in
enforcement of Superfund site cleanup. Ongoing efforts to develop innovative
approaches to implementation of Superfund emergency response programs will continue.
OMSE will complete the work begun in 1987 on environmental indicators to measure
the effectiveness of EPA's hazardous waste programs in the field, focusing on
refining the experts systems and other computer techniques to determine health and
environmental priorities. In addition, OMSE will conduct management reviews of
several States and Regions to determine how best to oversee the hazardous waste
programs. Program evaluation studies will include public Involvement in selection
of Superfund remedies and State roles in Superfund.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total of $4,113,500 supported by 12.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
OPA 1s continuing to identify and analyze major Superfund implementation policy
and regulatory Issues. It is promoting a balanced review of all statutory criteria
in selection of Superfund remedies toward getting prompt action at sites; greater
use of multi-media risk assessment methods for setting priorities and making clean-
up decisions; and risk communication and citizen participation. OSR continues to
administer EPA's internal review and analysis process and ensures compliance with
Executive Orders and legislated requirements. Its Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
activities have Increased in terms of both the amount of information Involved and
the number and complexity of Information Issues. Its statistical activities are
focusing on Superfund enforcement and implementation of statistically valid Data
Quality Objectives as well as development of sampling methods and guidance for deter-
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mining when cleanup standards have been met at Superfund sites. Reform Initiatives
are shifting from identification and preliminary design to implementation or demon-
strations. OMSE is developing a series of environmental indicators for the'Superfund
program based primarily on current data available from remedial and removal actions.
Program evaluation activities include a review of EPA's process for adding waste
sites to the National Priority List.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,482,500 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.
OPA played a major role in: revising the HRS and NCP's; improving risk
communication and local citizen acceptance of proposed remedies; and determining
the Superfund role in cleanup of area-wide groundwater contamination. OSR ensured
compliance of regulatory and policy documents with the Executive Orders and legis-
lated requirements; participated in developing information collection components of
Superfund rules; and assisted programs with survey design to assure cost-effective
collection of appropriate and high quality data and PRA compliance. OSR developed
statistical guidance for sampling and data analysis of Superfund sites and for
addressing problems of pollution concentrations below detection levels in monitoring
data analysis. It also initiated development of incentive-based approaches to
Superfund. OMSE established a Superfund indicators working group of Headquarters,
Regional and outside experts to assess the availability of data and develop appro-
priate indicators. It examined EPA Regional oversight of Potentially Responsible
Parties as well as participation in Superfund remedial activities in response to a
request from the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,294,000 supported by 11.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents an Increase of $150,000 and no change in total
workyears from 1988. The increase reflects Increased support costs. The program
will provide additional financial oversight and tracking of a higher level of
program activities resulting from an expanded tax authority. These resources
will support: the preparation of the Agency's budget submissions to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) and Congress; response to Congressional inquiries;
analysis and review of major issues concerning workload and pricing models; and
analysis of ongoing resource issues related to the operation and management of
the Trust Fund.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,144,000 and 11.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. These resources support the Agency's ongoing budget activities.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $572,200 and 8.9 total workyears
for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation. The Office of the Comptroller coordinated and prepared the OMB and
Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional inquiries, and provided
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fund oversight activities including ongoing resource reviews for the Superfund
program. In addition, the program conducted in-house studies on site-specific
charging.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $202,500 supported by 3.0 total workyears
for this Office, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation. This represents no change in total dollars and no change in total
workyears from 1988.
The Office -of External Affairs (OEA) will continue to use existing and develop
new communication vehicles to exchange information on acute hazardous, National
Priority List (NPL) site activity, emergency planning, chemical release information,
and enforcement activity. The Office will also continue to work closely with the
Regions and newly established emergency response commissions and local emergency
planning committees, and other citizen groups to avoid public misunderstanding and
del ays i n si te.acti vi ty.
The Office of Exteranl Affairs (OEA) will assist Federal agencies in addressing
and documenting over 3,000 sites 1n a newly established EPA Federal Agency Hazardous
Waste Docket, as well as prepare guidance and technical assistance documents to
assess sites in the Docket and, if listed on the NPL, to begin remediation efforts.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating $202,500 and 3.0 total workyears for this
Office, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
In 1988, OEA is supporting the Regions and assisting States and localities
with plans to respond to chemical emergencies. The Office is playing a crucial
role in exchanging information with local health professionals, public safety
officials, local government and State government officials.
The Office is assisting in the development of Section 120 implementation
guidance and policies related to Federal sites and is playing an active role in
assisting agencies in meeting SARA requirements.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $47,800 supported by 0.5 total
workyears, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.
The Office coordinated the identification of inactive sites with other
Federal agencies; provided a wide variety of communication support, including the
development of fact sheets and publications, and worked on information exchange
with State and local governments.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - LAB SUPPORT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $250,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This represents no change
in the funding level from 1988. These resources will provide essential support
services for Office of Research and Development (ORD) remote laboratories which
perform research in the hazardous substances area. These resources will fund such
SF-72
-------
items as facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment operations,
rental costs, and other nonpersonnel support costs that are essential for the
operation and maintenance of ORD's remote laboratories.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $250,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. These resources
provide for the essential services as described above, which are required to
operate and maintain ORD's remote laboratories in support of Superfund research.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated $216,900 for this program, all of which was
from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation. This funding provided the
essential ORD laboratory support services associated with the Superfund research
program.
SF-73
-------
LUST
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY "
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS L-l
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support L-6
Environmental Engineering and Technology L-7
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation L-10
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement-Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring L-14
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support L-18
Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning.
and Evaluation L-20
Administrative Management - Office of Administration
and Resources Management L-21
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel .. L-21
L-l
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
APPROPRIATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Leaking Underground $20,324.4
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL, Leaking Underground $20,324.4
Storage Tanks Trust
$14,400.0 $39,400.0 $50,000.0 $10,600.0
$14,400.0 $39,400.0 $50,000.0 $10,600.0
ro
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
46.0 85.0 80.0 80.0 85.0 5.0
27.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 90.0 5.0
$1,330.0 $17,500.0 $23,330.2 $23,330.0 $31,820.0 $8,490.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorlzatlon Act (SARA) of 1986, established
the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund and authorizes a total
of $500,000,000 to be appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991.
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY
The goal of Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, as amended by
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, is to assure the timely
and appropriate cleanup of leaking underground storage tanks containing petro-
leum. Owner/operators of facilities with underground storage tanks have primary
responsibility for cleanup and, once regulations become effective, must maintain
evidence of financial responsibility. The LUST Trust Fund provides supplemental
cleanup capabilities for abandoned sites or for sites where the owner/operator is
unwilling or unable to undertake the cleanup. The Trust Fund will then be used to
enforce or perform necessary cleanups and to recover any costs incurred from the
Fund.
The Agency's primary objective is to develop and implement the LUST response
program through cooperative agreements with States. States have already identified
thousands of sites as being eligible for cleanup. Using Trust Fund resources,
States may either enforce responsible party cleanups or directly undertake cor-
rective action. Therefore, increased emphasis in 1989 will be placed on: (1)
building and implementing strong State programs; (2) strengthening enforcement;
(3) developing and implementing guidelines, and providing scientific support for
field response actions; and (4) providing continued management support.
Build and Implement Strong State Programs
The Agency is providing significant increases for State cooperative
agreements. Through these agreements, the Agency will target resources to increase
the number of cleanups in States with highly developed programs. The Agency will
work with these States to expand their enforcement, oversight, and response capa-
bilities. In the few States with new programs, the emphasis will remain on basic
program development. The Agency will develop and distribute practical tools for
States and local governments, including management systems to track corrective
actions, cost recoveries* resource utilization, and compliance activities.
The Agency will implement a program appraisal process designed to assist
States in executing their lead responsibilities under cooperative agreements.
This appraisal process will identify performance levels among the State and local
programs and will provide tools, methods, and training to achieve better State
performance. Program appraisal will focus on key areas such as conducting and
overseeing cleanups, identifying and pursuing responsible parties, and cost
recovery, and will emphasize assisting States to improve in identified areas.
Strengthen Enforcement
In 1989, owner/operators will begin installing leak detection mechanisms on
tanks in order to comply with Agency regulations and insurance requirements. The
number of leaks reported is expected to increase substantially from the previous
year. As a result, there will be an increased State workload in site response,
site assessments, enforcement activities, and cleanups. States will provide
oversight and technical assistance to owner/operators performing corrective actions
at their own sites and will use enforcement actions to compel cleanup by recal-
citrant owner/operators. States will use the Trust Fund to perform actual
cleanups only as a last resort, and will seek to recover appropriate costs from
responsible parties. The Agency will work with the States to develop and
implement an effective enforcement program.
Generally, the Agency will respond directly to releases only in cases of
substantial threat to human health and the environment and when the State will not
and the owner/operator cannot take appropriate action.
-------
Develop Guidance and Provide Technical Support
Because the States are Implementing this program, the Agency must clearly
define and communicate national priorities. Guidelines will be provided on finan-
cial responsibility, corrective action, enforcement, cost recovery, and Fund
management systems. The Agency will also provide research and technical support
for field response actions including guidance on cleanup technologies and improved
rapid site assessment techniques which can be easily used by State and local
personnel.
Provide Continued Management Support
As the program develops and the policies and procedures of the Trust Fund are
established, the Agency will continue to provide full support in management and
administrative services to program operations. Agency support will be provided
in personnel, budgeting, financial management, contracts and grants, legal advice
and program planning and evaluation to ensure effective and efficient program
operations.
L-4
-------
Research
and Development
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LUST Technical Support L-6
Environmental Engineering and Technology L-7
L-5
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
PROGRAM
Environmental
Engineering &
Technol ogy
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Technical Support TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE
1988 1988 1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4
$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4
$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4
$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4
.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Technical Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $770,000 supported by 2.0 total workyears for
1989, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund. This
is an increase of $1,400 from 1938 and no change in total workyears. The increase
reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for this program.
Program Description
This program provides technical support to Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(LUST) Trust Fund corrective actions at leaking facilities. This effort includes
providing scientific expertise on low cost approaches for assessment of site con-
tamination, monitoring systems for leaked petroleum products, transport and fate
of petroleum products in soils and ground water, decision models to assist in making
site-specific cleanup decisions, and evaluations of remedial technologies.
Objective 1: Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support.
This activity provides technical support to theOfficeof Underground Storage
Tanks (OUST), Regions, States, and local agencies implementing the LUST Trust Fund
program. This work contributes to ensuring the selection of the best available
site assessment and cleanup procedures by responsible authorities.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $770,000 supported by 2.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust
Fund. This represents an increase of $1,400 and no change in total workyears. The
increase reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for this program.
Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support. This program
will obtain case study data of past and on-going corrective actions at LUST sites
and perform engineering analyses on them. This data plays an important role in
our overall ability to provide technical guidance for corrective actions at LUST
sites. Field evaluations of selected techniques for cleaning up LUST sites
will also continue.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $768,600 supported by 2.0 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the LUST Trust Fund. The program
is evaluating RCRA and CERCLA cleanup technologies developed for petroleum and
hazardous chemical releases for their applicability to petroleum leaks from under-
ground tanks. Demonstrations at LUST sites are also being conducted. Case studies
of past and on going corrective actions are being performed and a guidance document
on site specific procedures for cost-effective corrective action is being outlined.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $742,400 supported by 0.3 total work-
years for this program, all of which was from the LUST Trust Fund. A full-scale
L-7
-------
field evaluation of a vacuum extraction technology was initiated at a LUST site.
Collection and analysis of an initial data set, including soil-gas, soil and ground-
water samples, was completed. Results indicated significant reductions in soil
contamination. A project was initiated to identify the mechanisms which control
the migration, retention, transformation and remobilization of gasoline released
from underground storage tanks.
L-8
-------
Abatement and Control
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ABATEMENT & CONTROL
LUST Guidelines and Implementation L-10
L-9
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines & Implementation
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
{DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
$18,781.8
TOTAL $18,781.8
$14,400.0 $35,852.7 $46,400.0 $10,547.3
$14,400.0 $35,852.7 $46,400.0 $10,547.3
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Guidelines &
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
$18,781.8
TOTAL $18,781.8
$14,400.0 $35,852.7 $46,400.0 $10,547.3
$14,400.0 $35,852.7 $46,400.0 $10,547.3
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
17.7
17.7
56.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
55.5
55.5
61.0
61.0
5.5
5.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
20.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
61.0
5.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
20.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
61.0
5.0
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Guidelines and Implementation
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $46,400,000 supported by 61.0 total workyears
for 1989 for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation. This
is an increase of $10,547,300 and 5.0 total workyears from 1988.
Program Description
LUST Guidelines and Implementation The goal of this program 1s to ensure
rapidano1effect!veresponsetoreleases from underground petroleum tanks, as
authorized by amendments to Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act contained in
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. The Agency will develop
policies and guidelines for Fund administration, develop cooperative agreements
with States to implement the response program, provide technical assistance and
oversight for State programs, and undertake a limited number of direct response and
enforcement actions.
LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $46,400,000 supported by 61.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $10,547,300 and 5.0 total
workyears from 1988. The Increases will provide additional support for and
expanded funding of State cooperative agreements.
By 1989, the Agency's UST prevention regulations will be in place. Because
this program will be implemented at the State and local level, the Agency's role
will be to continue to develop and issue policies, guidance, and strategies to
promote State response programs. Policies and procedures implementing and ensuring
compliance with new Subtitle I regulatory requirements will be developed, including
further information on financial responsibility and State cost-share requirements.
The Agency will also develop guidelines for Fund administration and State program
evaluation. Additional guidelines will address site priorities, enforcement,
corrective action, and Federal oversight. The Agency will Identify key Imple-
mentation Issues and develop needed technical assistance and training to address
these issues. Pilots for implementing the Agency's cost recovery policy will be
monitored and evaluated.
The regulation requiring leak detection mechanisms on new and existing tanks
1s expected to generate a substantially increased workload as owner/operators
report suspected releases. This requirement is being phased in and is expected to
affect at least 350,000 tanks in 1989. States must be prepared to respond to the
report of a release, to assist and oversee the owner/operator in site assessment
and corrective action, or to undertake corrective action themselves when required.
State-wide generic cooperative agreements will continue to be the vehicle for
Implementing the expanded response program. The Agency will allocate $40,500,000
of the request for State cooperative agreements. The statutory provisions for a
10% cost-share on Trust Fund resources expended for corrective action will become
effective in 1989. In addition to entering into cooperative agreements with States
that already have response programs, a portion of the Fund will be targeted to the
other States to assist them in initiating a response program.
L-ll
-------
Emphasis will be placed on addressing human health and environmental needs by
targeting resources to States with the greatest readiness to proceed with a
response program. States will oversee site assessments and cleanups by owner/
operators and will use administrative orders to enforce cleanup by unwilling
parties. Where necessary, States will use the Trust Fund to clean up releases of
petroleum and seek recovery of costs. States must also be prepared to take emer-
gency action in life-threatening cases. Regions will provide technical assistance,
program review, and evaluation for State response programs.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $35,852,700 supported by 56.0
total workyears, -all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation.
The Agency 1s developing and issuing policies, guidance, and strategies
for promoting State program development. Delegations of authority have been
developed and issued to the Regions for signing cooperative agreements, issuing
corrective action orders through Section 9003(h)(4) of Subtitle I of the Solid
Waste Disposal Act as amended, gaining access and conducting inspections through
Section 9005, and other administrative enforcement procedures. Policies, guidance
and strategies are being developed to implement these delegated authorities, and
other authorities necessary to administer and evaluate the program. Guidance on
the assessment of State capabilities and authorities will be developed. The Agency
1s developing a policy statement and strategy for cost recovery under the LUST
Trust Fund program. Policies and procedures for Federal responses in emergency
cases will be made final.
The Agency is overseeing development and implementation of State response
programs, providing technical assistance to States that need, to develop cooperative
agreements to enter the program, and preparing for States to undertake emergency
responses to petroleum releases from underground storage tanks. Agency oversight
of cleanup under cooperative agreements will examine State programs, procedures,
and mechanisms for addressing releases, including appropriate program and fiscal
systems.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $18,781,800 supported by 20 total
workyears from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The Agency established guidelines and procedures for negotiating cooperative
agreements. Forty-five cooperative agreements, the vehicle for Implementation
of the leaking underground storage tank response program, have been signed and
Include 40 States, 3 territories, and 2 site-specific agreements. The generic
agreements with 40 States and 3 territories provided for basic program development
including a priority system for addressing sites, enforcement procedures, correc-
tive action, cost recovery, Federal oversight, public participation, quality
assurance, and State work plans. Two site specific agreements enabled actual
corrective action work to begin immediately at sites that posed an imminent threat
to human health.
L-12
-------
Enforcement
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
ENFORCEMENT
LUST Enforcement-Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring L-14
L-13
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Enforcement
PROGRAM
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Enforcement TOTAL
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2
$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2
$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2
$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2
1.5 6.0 6.0 4.5 5.6 1.1
1.5 6.0 6.0 4.5 5.6 1.1
1.5 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.6
1-5 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.6
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Enforcement
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $278,000 supported by 5.6 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $13,200 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
All of the request will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
(LUST) appropriation.
Program Description
This program provides for Regional legal enforcement actions taken to support
implementation of the LUST Trust Fund established by the Superfund Amendment and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The LUST Trust Fund may be used to enforce
corrective action requirements by owner/operators of leaking underground storage
tanks and also to conduct response activities.
ENFORCEMENT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $278,000 supported by 5.6 total workyears,
all of which will be for the LUST Trust Fund appropriation. This represents
an Increase of $13,200 from 1988 to support additional workyear costs.
The primary workload for Regional legal enforcement staff in 1989 will shift
from intense involvement in State cooperative agreement negotiations to a greater
emphasis, in those States with signed agreements, on review of State program
accomplishments and on providing technical assistance for State enforcement
activities. Emphasis will also be placed on working with State Attorney Generals
to determine the adequacy of State statutory and regulatory authorities to Imple-
ment LUST response programs. Coordination with States and Headquarters will be
required to ensure uniform implementation, particularly regarding Issues of
financial viability of owner/operators, cost recovery, and use of enforcement
actions. _
1988 Program
In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $264,800 supported by 5.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which 1s from the LUST Trust Fund appropriation.
Legal efforts are concentrated primarily on developing and negotiating
cooperative agreements with the States. Owner/operators generally provide the lead
in response actions for releases from leaking tanks. States may also take response
and enforcement actions, governed by the cooperative agreements negotiated with
EPA. The Federal program role is limited to conducting responses in those few
cases where the release constitutes a major public health emergency and no State
authority or owner/operator is available to respond in a timely manner. Regional
legal staff will pursue cost recovery where Regions have used the LUST Trust Fund
for response because of the emergency nature of the public health threat.
L-15
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $77,400 supported by 1.5 total
workyears for this program. Initial efforts focused on assisting the States in
understanding the new legislation and in developing and negotiating Trust Fund
cooperative agreements.
L-16
-------
Management and Support
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1989 Budget Estimate
Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
Management & Support L-18
Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation L-20
Administrative Management - Office of Administration
and Resources Management .* L-21
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel , L-21
L-17
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
LUST Managenent & Support
i
t
oo
PROGRAM
Policy 4 Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
Adm1n1srat1ve
Management - Office of
Administration 8
Resources Management
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
$262.7
$262.7
$432.2
$432.2
$27.9
$27.9
BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$309.3
$309.3
$1,925.3
$1,925.3
$279.3
$279.3
REQUEST
1989
$310.0
$310.0
$1,962.0
$1,962.0
$280.0
$280.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
$.7
$.7
$36.7
$36.7
$.7
$.7
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Management A
Support
TOTAL
$722.8
$722.8
$2,513.9 $2,552.0 $38.1
$2,513.9 $2,552.0 $38.1
-------
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUNF)
LUST Management fc Support
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REOIIEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
»-
VO
Policy K Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Adminlsrative
Management - Office of
Administration fl
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
4.0
4.4
1.0
15.0
5.0
21.0
1.0
15.0
5.0
21.0
1.0
14.0
3.9
18.9
l.n
15.0
5.4
21.4
1.0
1.5
2.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Policy & Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Adminisratlve
Management - Office of
Administration &
Resources Management
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
.2
4.9
.4
1.0
15.0
5.0
1.0
15.0
5.0
1.0
15.0
5.4
1.0
15.0
5.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
5.5
21.0
21.4
21.4
21.4
-------
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
LUST Management and Support
Budget Request
The Agency requests a total of $2,552,000 supported by 21.4 total workyears
for 1989, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $38,100 and no change in total
workyears. This increase reflects additional operating costs.
Program Description
Policy and Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation This
component provides the LUST program with guidance on strategic issues, Tncluding
establishing priority cleanup sites, creating mechanisms to encourage State par-
ticipation, establishing criteria for cleanup levels and technologies, and program
evaluation.
Administrative Management - Office of Administration and Resource Manage-
ment This component provides financial management procedures, support for de-
"veToping cooperative agreements, and administrative and financial services to
support the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) program. Support services
such as rent, utilities and telecommunications are also provided.
Legal Services - Office of General Counsel This component provides legal
support for the development of guidelines and policies for administration of the
LUST program and defense of the Agency in legal actions taken against the program.
POLICY AND ANALYSIS - OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $310,000 supported by 1.0 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $700 and no change in total
workyears. The increase will support increased operating costs.
The Office of Policy Analysis (OPA) will continue work started in 1988 on
LUST program development. The focus will switch from the development of analytical
tools to testing and validation in the field, with the goal of ultimate delivery
to users. Also, the Office of Underground Storage Tanks will begin extensive
analysis of control strategies for tanks deferred from the current technical
standards and financial responsibility requirements. OPA will play an active
role 1n the options development and regulatory impact analysis processes as well as
conduct independent and joint studies, as necessary.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $309,300 supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
OPA is continuing to identify and analyze major issues associated with the
Implementation of the LUST Trust Fund. With the overall policy framework
established in 1987, the emphasis is shifting to program Implementation In 1988.
L-20
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1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $262,700 supported by .2 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
OPA aided the Program Office 1n developing strategies for Trust Fund financed
cleanups, what kinds of incentives could be created to encourage States to Imple-
ment the program more effectively, what the criteria for State program approval
should be, and the process for determining cleanup technologies and levels.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $1,962,000 supported by 15.0 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation. This represents an Increase of $36,700 from 1988 for
additional support costs with no change in workyears. These resources will be used
to provide administrative services, such as contract support, personnel support,
and fiscal analysis, as well as basic financial services such as processing pay-
roll, vouchers and accurate financial reports. Support costs such as rent,
utilities, security, mail operation and automated data processing (ADP) technical
assistance and services for the LUST program will also be provided.
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $1,925,300 supported by 15.0
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation. These resources are used to provide support
services, financial .services and administrative services to the LUST program. The
Agency will emphasize the award and monitoring of cooperative agreements with the
States in accordance with policies established in 1987.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $432,200 supported by 4.9 total
workyears, all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
appropriation. These resources provided support services, financial services and
administrative services to the LUST program. The Agency established financial
and administrative structures to provide controls over the LUST Trust Fund and
began developing policies and procedures for cost recovery actions against
responsible parties.
LEGAL SERVICE - OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
1989 Program Request
The Agency requests a total of $280,000 supported by 5.4 total workyears for
this program, all of which will be for the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation. This represents an increase of $700 and no change in total
workyears from 1988. The increase will provide, for additional support costs.
The resources will provide legal support for the development of guidelines and
polices for administration of the Fund, assisting the delegation of authority to
the States, supporting cooperative agreements' between EPA and States, providing
advice and interpretations, and defense of the Agency in legal actions taken
against 1t regarding the Trust Fund.
L-21
-------
1988 Program
In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $279,300 supported by 5.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.
The request will provide legal support for the development of guidelines and
policies for administration of the fund; assist the delegation of authority to
the States; support cooperative agreements between EPA and States; and provide
advice, interpretations, and defense of the Agency in legal actions take against
it regarding the Trust Fund.
1987 Accomplishments
In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $27,900 supported by .4 total
workyears all of which was from the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
apppropriation. Legal support was provided to the development of guidelines and
policies through advice, counsel and interpretations.
L-22
-------
SPECIAL ANALYSIS
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SPECIAL ANALYSES
Table of Contents
Page
EPA Organization Chart... SA-2
EPA Regional Offices - Locations SA-3
Summary of Resources, By Appropriation SA-4
Summary of Resources, By Media SA-7
Object Classification - By Appropriation SA-12
Summary of State Grant Resources SA-15
History of State Grant Budget Authority (1971 - 1989) SA-16
Permanent Positions by Grade (Salaries and Expenses) SA-20
Permanent Positions by Grade (Superfund) SA-22
Permanent Positions by Grade (LUST Trust Fund) SA-24
Permanent Positions by .Grade (Reimbursable) SA-25
Average Grade and Salary SA-26
SA-1
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
STAFF OFFICES
. ADMIMSTNAT IVt UMUOOES
CIVIl MIGHTS
SMALL ft DISAOVANT AOCO
MINUS UTILIZATION
. SC ItMCt ADVUOMV lOAMO
ADMMtSTRATOft
ADM0HCINATOM
J_
ASSISTANT
ADMINOTIUTOK FOB
ADMINISTRATION AND
MESOUMCCS MANAOIMINT
c
ASSISTANT
AOMmnntATcw FOM
MFODCCMINTANO
OtNtHAL
EL
AWTAMT
ITIUTM
ATM
AWSTANT
ABMNHtSTKATOII FOM
EMNOfNCV
[ASSOCIATE AOMINISTIIATCW
FOU INTEMNATIONA1. ACTiymC
ASSOOATE AOMINISTIIATOH
FOM MOIONAL OFtMATlONS
ASSISTANT
AOMMtSTKATOFt MM
ANOCVALUATION
Jeff,
LS
ABUT ANT
AOHMISTII ATOM FOX
imiMALAFFAIM
IMOfV/LUMTKMl
fCTO«
OCNtMAL
ASSISTANT
AMIINIIIIIATOOFOII
TOWCSUWTANCn
AVISTANT
AOMOnSTIIATOK FO«
MtHAMMANO
OCVttOFMINT
IRAi
ATTU
SA-2
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGIONS
Locations and States
<*>
Region I Headquarters, Boston, Massachusetts Region VI
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont
Region II Headquarters, New York, New York Region VII
New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands
Region III Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Region TV Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia Region IX
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee
Headquarters, Dallas, Texas
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico
Oklahoma, Texas
Headquarters, Kansas City, Kansas
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
Region V Headquarters, Chicago, Illinois . Region X
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan
Minnesota, Ohio, Hlsconsin
Region VIII Headquarters, Denver, Colorado
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming
Headquarters, San Francisco, California
Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada,
American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territories
of Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana
Islands
Headquarters, Seattle, Washington
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Resources
By Appropriation
(dollars 1n thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority $
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Research and Development
Budget Author 1 ty $
Abatement, Control , and
Compl i ance
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority $
Obligations
Outlays
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority $1
Obligations 1
Outlays.. 1
Permanent Workyears
Total Workyears
Actual
1987
727,107.0
723.315.4
674,379.0
10,841.0
11.176.0
197,500.0
201,486.7
206,239.1
609.685.0
612,828.6
576,419.5
7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9
,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11.176.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 772,955.0
772,955.0
754,434.0
10,603.0
11,459.7
$ 187,600.0
187,902.0
197,981.0
$ 515,085.3
516,611.0
582,592.0
$ 6,000.0
5,880.0
7,733.0
$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11.459.7
Enacted
1988
$ 765,000.0
765.000.0
748,859.0
10,967.0
11.664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606.192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23.500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11.664.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 765,000.0
765,000.0
748,859.0
10.967.0
11,664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606,192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23,500.0
26.218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11.664.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
$ 800,000.0 $
800,000.0
791,500.0
10.969.0
11.668.0
$ 197,000.0 $
196,756.0
170,506.0
$ 624,000.0 $
624,192.0
631,631.0
$ 8,000.0 $
8,364.0
18,110.0
$1,629,000.0 $
1,629,312.0
'1,611,747.0
10,969.0
11.668.0
35,000.0
35,000.0
42,641.0
2.0
4.0
10.650.0
11,985.0
(24,822.0)
17,807.7
16,636.0
37,703.7
(15,500.0)
(17,854.0)
8,115.0
47,957.7
45,767.0
63,637.7
2.0
4.0
-------
1SI
01
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Obi igatlons
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears
LUST Trust Fund
Obligations
Outl ay s
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears ,
Construction Grants
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obligations
Outlays
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations
Outlays
Actual
1987
. $1,411,300.0
. 1,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2,174.0
. . $ 50, 000. Ob
20,324.4
1,330.0
46 0
27.0
. . $2,361,000.0
. . 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0
.. $ 25 5
163.0
.. $ 948.0
89.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$1,198,422.0
1,578,600.0
875,000.0
2,716.0
2,716.0
$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85 0
85.0
$2,000,000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000.0
$ 00
275.0
$ 500 0
500.0
Enacted
1988
$1,128,000.0
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,673.0
$ 14,400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80 0
85.0
$2,304,000 0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0
$ 1 007 0
275.0
$ 151 0
1.050.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$1,499,499.83
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0
$ 39, 400. Ob
44,076.0
23,330.0
80.0
85.0
$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0
$ 1 007 0
275.0
$ 151 0
1.050.0
Request
1989
$1,600,000.0
1,700,000.0
1,205,000.0
2,219.0
2,750.0
$ 50,000.0
50,000.0
31,820.0
85 0
90.0
$1,500,000.0
2,100,000.0
2,377,500.0
$ 1 007 0
275.0
$ 00
250.0
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
$ 100,500.2
200,500.0
427,000.0
63.0
117.0
$ 10,600.0
5,924.0
8,490.0
5.0
5.0
$ (804,000.0)
(504,000.0)
(188,500.0)
$ 00
0.0
$ (151 0)
(800.0)
-------
Increase/
Revolving Fund
Obligations $
M1sc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations $
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations $
Permanent Horkyears.. ...
Total Workyears . .
Relmbursements-Superfund
Obligations $
Actual
1987
997.0 $
(422.0)
4.0 $
23.0
25,508.0 $
60.0
65.0
13.074.0 $
Budget
Estimate
1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
10.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
56.0
62.0
52,000.0 $
Enacted
1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
45.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $
Current
Estimate
1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
45.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
30.0 $
10.0
20,000.0 $
58.0
62.0
30,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
(15.0)
(40.0)
0.0
(4.0)
(4.0)
0.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears
.. $5,364,092.0
. . 4,831,319.2
.. 4,924,924.5
13,025.0
13,442.0
$4,680,062.3
5,160,457.0
4,755,565.0
13,460.0
14,322.7
$5,027,442.3
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.5
13,265.0
-14,488 0
$5,423,942.1
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.3
13,265.0
14 448 0
$4,779,000.0
5,531,349.0
5,226,102.0
13,331.0
14 570 0
$ (664 942 1)
(251,975.0)
309,787 7
66.0
122 0
a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated for FY 1987,
the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 1n 1987
and to carry over $25,000,000 Into FY 1988.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of Resources
By Media
(dollars 1n thousands)
VI
A1r
Budget Authority
Obligations
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears
Water Quality
Budget Authority
Obligations
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears
Drinking Water
Budget Authority
Obi i gati on s
Outlays.
Permanent Workyears. . .
Total Workyears
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears
Actual
1987
. . $ 247,252.9
246,521.6
250,774.1
1,676.2
1,706.9
.. $ 266,925.1
270,955.7
239,387.9
1,987.4
2,112.4
.. $ 102,660 3
102,531.5
97,284.1
679.2
691.6
.. $ 255,544.3
256,401.0
251,921.7
1,360.9
1.413.2
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 247,163.3
246,958.8
238,619.8
1,633.9
1,765.7
$ 236,778.3
235,563.5
254,739.1
1,965.8
2,124.6
$ 114,850 1
113,661.6
114,490.2
696.6
752 7
$ 254,305 4
254,838.6
241 089 1
1,374.1
1.485.4
Enacted
1988
$ 246,278.4
244,081.8
220,690.7
1,637.4
1,747.9
$ 258,874.8
256,453.3
264,975.2
2,121.0
2,245.3
$ 108,103.3
106,984.6
95,690.0
699.7
746.1
$ 262 826 2
262,293.5
246 907 9
1,415.8
1.492.9
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 245,589.5
243,399.0
220,023.1
1,663.7
1,747.9
$ 261,005.5
258,563.0
267,156.2
2,098.5
2,245.3
$ 107,583 3
106,470.0
95,229.7
695.3
746.1
$ 259 105 1
258,580.0
243 412 2
1,386.2
1.4Q9.Q
Request
1989
$ 256,666.9
255,319.0
232,208.4
1,643.2
1,747.9
$ 265,784.6
263,301.0
272,328.3
2,101.7
2,235.3
$ 103,480.5
102,525.0
98,666.4
700.9
746.1
$ 262 427 6
261,559.0
251 030 4
1,402.9
1 AQ? Q
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
$ 11,077.4
11,920.0
12,185.3
(20.5)
0.0
$ 4,779.1
4,738.0
5,172.1
3.2
(10.0)
$ (4,102.8)
(3,945.0)
3,436.7)
5.6
0.0
S 3 322 5
2 979 0
7 618 2
16 7
n n
-------
Actual
1987
Budget
Estimate
1988
Enacted
1988
Current
Estimate
1988
Request
1989
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
₯
oo
Pesticides
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears .
Radiation
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Noise
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Interdisciplinary
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
Toxic Substances
Budget Authority.
Obligations
Outlays
Permanent Workyears.
Total Workyears
71,526.3
71,278.0
69,183.1
789.0
796.9
15,561.3
15,413.2
18,200.5
162.9
177.3
0.0
0.0
50.1
55,642.5
56,187.5
61,122.5
553:7
583.5
138,787.5
135,520.7
127,369.5
809.3
815.8
75,846.9
75,592.3
76,403.7
757.1
818.2
14,046.7
13,884.5
17,511.4
153.7
166.7
0.0
0.0
223.7
84,309.2
84,026.2
76,802.7
777.6
831.7
18,148.9
17,939.3
15,591.6
168.9
183.2
0.0
0,0
227.7
56,776.6 $
56,482.9
61,209.7
556.7
602.2
60,699.3
60,385.3
60,288.2
573.6
623.5
86,096.2
90,459.9
119,591.9
777.2
839.6
130,444.1
137,055.5
151,367.1
820.3
873.6
$ 84,231.8
83,949.0
76,732.2
805.5
831.7
137,420.0
136,531.0
115,605.0
782.1
831.7
$ 53,188.2
52,582.0
38,872.8
(23.4)
0.0
$ 20,438.1
20,247.0
17,558.2
174.4
183.2
$ 20,799.9
20,607.0
18,960.8
172.2
183.2
0.0
0.0
227.7
0.0
0.0
148.6
$ 61,668.0
61,349.0
61,250.3
587.8
623.5
$ 69,825.4
69,476.0
61,890.5
585.7
623.5
$ 130,225.7
136,826.0
151,113.7
845.6
873.6
95,007.6
101,633.0
131,748.8
821.6
873.6
361.8
360.0
1,402.6
(2.2)
0.0)
0.0
0.0
(79.1)
8,157.4
8,127.0
640.2
(2.1)
0.0
$ (35,218.1)
(35,193.0)
(19,364.9)
(24.0)
0.0
-------
Energy
Obligations
Outlays
Total Horkyears
Management and Support
Obi Igatlons
Outlays
Total Workyears
Buildings and Facilities
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority $1
Obligations 1
Outlays 1
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority $1
Obligations 1
Actual
1987
58,157.3
62,636.1
55,652.7
78.0
84.1
322,234.5
320,185.4
286,091.4
2,744.4
2,794.3
7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9
,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11,176.0
,411,300.0
,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2.174.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 55,718.8
55,967.9
58,538.5
76.3
82.6
$ 334,058.0
334,058.0
352,589.9
2,611.6
2,822.0
$ 6,000.0
5,880.0
7,733.0
$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11,459.7
$1,198,422.0
1,578,600.0
875,000.0
2,716.0
2.716.0
Enacted
1988
$ 55,783.1
56,032.5
55,560.5
79.0
80.6
$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,673.7
2,839.2
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1.581,042.3
1,583.545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11,664.0
$1.128,000.0
1,499.500.0
778,000.0
2,156^0
2,673.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 55,620.3
55,869.0
55,398.3
79.0
80.6
$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,631.0
2,839.2
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1.583,545.0
1,548.109.3
10,967.0
11.664.0
$l,499.499.8a
1.499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0
Request
1989 <
$ 55,457.5
55.867.0
51.289.9
74.6
79.1
$ 354.130.0
354.130.0
359,759.9
2.684.1
2,854.7
$ 8.000.0
8,364.0
18,110.0
$1.629,000.0
1,629,312.0
1,611,747.0
10,969.0
11,668.0
$1,600,000.0*-
1.700.000.0
1.205,000.0
2,219.0
2,750.0
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
$ (162.8)
(2.0)
(4.108.4) .
(4.4)
(1.5)
$ 22.055.0
22.055.0
9,747.2
53.1
15.5
$(15,500.0)
(17.854.0
8,115.0
$ 47,957.7
45,767.0
63,637.7
2.0
4.0
$100,500.2
200.500.0
427,000.0
63.0
117.0
-------
LUST Trust Fund
Eudget Authority
Permanent Horkyears. . .
Total Horkyears
Construction Grants
fludget Authority
Obi Igatlons
Outlays
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obi 1 gatlons
Outlays
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations ,
Outlays
Revolving Fund
Obligations
Outlays ,
M1sc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations
Outlays
Actual
1987
.. $ 50,000.0b
20,324.4
1,330.0
46.0
27.0
.. $2,361.000.0
.. 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0
,.. $ 25.5
163.0
. .. $ 948.0
89.0
. .. $ 997.0
..; (422.0)
.. . $ 40
23.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85.0
85.0
$2,000.000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000.0
$ 0.0
275.0
$ 500.0
500.0
$ 1,000 0
(500.0)
$ ion
50.0
Enacted
1988
$ 14.400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80.0
85.0
$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2.566.800.0
$ 1,007.0
275.0
$ 151.0
1,050.0
$ 1 000 0
(500 0)
« AR o
50.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 39.400.0D
44,076.0
23.330.0
80.6
85.0
$2.304,000.0
2.604.000.0
2.566.000.0
$ 1.007.0
275.0
$ 151.0
1.050.0
$ 1 000 0
(500 0)
$AC n
so n
Request
1989
$ 50.000.0
50.000.0
31.820.0
85.0
90.0
$1,500.000.0
2.100.000.0
2,377.500.0
$ 1,007.0
275.0
$ 0.0
250.0
t i nnn 0
(500 0)
$in n
JU.U
in n
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
$ 10,600.0
5,924.0
8,490.0
5.0
5.0
$ (804,000.0)
(504.000.0)
(188,500.0)
$ 0.0
0.0
$ (151 0)
(800 0)
$0 n
0 0
$1 1 C f\\
llD.U)
/An (\\
-------
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations
Total Workyears
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Author i ty
Obi 1 gati on s
Outlays
Permanent Workyears. ... .
Total Workyears
Actual
1987
$ 25,508.0
60.0
65.0
$ 13,074.0
$5,364,092.0
4,831,319.2
4,924,924.5
13,025.0
13,442.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 20,000.0
56.0
62.0
$ 52,000.0
$4,680,062.3
5,160,457.0
4,755,565.0
13,460.0
14,322.7
Enacted
1988
$ 20,000.0
62.0
66.0
$ 30,000.0
$5,027,442.3
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.5
13,265.0
14,488.0
Current
Estimate
1938
$ 20,000.0
62.0
66.0
$ 30,000.0
$5,423,942.1
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.3
13,265.0
14,448.0
Request
1989
$ 20,000.0
58.0
62.0
$ 30,000.0
$4,779,000.0
5,531,349.0
5,226,102.0
13,331.0
14,570.0
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
$ 0.0
(4.0)
(4.0)
$ 0.0
$(664,942.1)
(251,975.0)
309,787.7)
66.0
122.0
a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated in FY 1987,
the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 in FY 1987
and to carry over $25,000,000 into FY 1988.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
i-«
r\>
Object Classification
Direct Obligations
By Appropriation
(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities,
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
indemnities
subtotal, other objects...
Research and Development
25.0 Other services
31.0 Equipment
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
Total obligations
Actual
1987
$ 468.325.0 $
19,059.0
2,093.0
36,159.0
6,455.0
34,593.0
5,078.0
78,772.0
14,848.0
53,889.0
221.0
3,749.0
74.0
254,990.0
"723,315.0
$ 130,681.0 $
0.0
70,806.0
201.487.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
513,647.0 $
21,252.0
2,114.0
44,545.0
8,218.0
38,106.0
5,798.0
108,892.0
11,793.0
17,005.0
0.0
1,585.0
0.0
259,308.0
772,955.0
107,660.0 $
0.0
80,242.0
187.902.0
Enacted
1988
484,175.0
21,691.0
2,098.0
43,413.0
7,389.0
41,566.0
6,011.0
105,918.0
16,933.0
33,764.0
0.0
2,042.0
0.0
280,825.0
765,000.0
109,060.0
1,960.0
73,751.0
184.771.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 476,175.0 $
21,691.0
2,098.0
43,413.0
7,389.0
41,566.0
6,011.0
105,918.0
16,933.0
41,764.0
0.0
2,042.0
0.0
288,825.0
765,000.0
$ 109,060.0 $
1.960.0
73,751.0
184.771.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
485,678.0 $
23,218.0
2.069.0
46,930.0
7,988.0
44,932.0
6,129.0
126,747.0
18,204.0
35.450.0
0.0
2,655.0
0.0
314,322.0
800.000.0
115.133.0 $
0.0
81.623.0
196.756.0
9,503.0
1,527.0
(29.0)
3,517.0
599.0
0.0
3.366.0
118.0
20,829.0
1,271.0
(6,314.0)
0.0
0.0
613.0
0.0
0.0
25,497.0
35,000.0
6,073.0
(1.960.0)
7,872.0
11.985.0
-------
Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
21.0 Travel and transportation
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.3 Communications, utilities,
24.0 Printing and reproduction
26.0 Supplies and materials...
33.0 Investments and loans....
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
Buildings and Facilities
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
26.0 Supplies and materials...
32.0 Land and structures
Total obligations
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Personnel Servl ces
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges
Actual
1987
$ 306.0
9.0
23.0
136.0
232,874.0
27.0
132.0
28,325.0
350,997.0
612,829.0
$ 49.0
3,878.0
7.0
19.0
9,309.0
13,262.0
$ 92,293.0
8,497.0
594.0
7,484.0
1,411.0
5.616.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 266.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
218,147.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
298,198.0
516,611.0
$ 98.0
5,390.0
0.0
0.0
392.0
5,880.0
$ 113,238.0
9,278.0
633.0
7,695.0
3.106.0
3.640.0
Enacted
1988
$ 260.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
247.727.0
0.0
1,960.0
16.950.0
340,659.0
607,556.0
$ 98.0
5,390.0
0.0
0.0
20,730.0
26,218.0
$ 109,893.0
9,182.0
713.0
9.792.0
1.847.0
7.128.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 260.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
247,727.0
0.0
1,960.0
16,950.0
340,659.0
607,556.0
$ 98.0
5,390.0
0.0
0.0
20,730.0
26,218.0
$ 109,893.0
9,182.0
713.0
9,792.0
1,847.0
7.128.0
Request
' 1989
$ 258.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
318.665.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
305.269.0
624,192.0
$ 100.0
7,438.0
0.0
0.0
826.0
8.364.0
$ 109,999.0
10,000.0
845.0
14,432.0
2,732.0
10.254.0
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
$ (2.0)
0.0
0.0
0.0
70,938.0
0.0
(1,960.0)
(16,950.0)
(35,390.0)
16,636.0
$ 2.0
2,048.0
0.0
0.0
(19,904.0)
(17,854.0)
$ 106.0
818.0
132.0
4,640.0
885.0
J, 126.0
-------
24.0 Printing and reproduction
26.0 Supplies and materials...
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
subtotal, other objects...
LUST Trust Fund .
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities.
24.0 Printing and reproduction
26*0 Supplies and materials...
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations
Actual
1987
842.0
733,948.0
2,753.0
21.180.0
2.0
176,120.0
9.0
958,456.0
1,050,749.0
$ 1,096.0
108.0
18.0
1.0
0.0
7.0
4.0
3.128.0
25.0
214.0
15,723.0
19,228.0
20.324.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
1,029.0
1,118,471.0
4,488.0
11,104.0
14.0
305,904.0
0.0
1.465.362.0
1,578,600.0
$ 3,331.0
183.0
0.0
392.0
92.0
323.0
40.0
4.530.0
70.0
104.0
15,935.0
21,669.0
25,000.0
Enacted
1988
1,271.0
1,144,875.0
3,502.0
17,498.0
0.0
193,796.0
3.0
1.389.607.0
1,499.500.0
$ 3,557.0
183.0
17.0
273.0
64.0
225.0
23.0
4,831.0
61.0
266.0
34.576.0
40,519.0
44.076.0
Current
Estimate
1988
1.271.0
1,144,875.0
3,502.0
17,498.0
0.0
193,796.0
3.0
1,389,607.0
1,499.500.0
$ 3.557.0
183.0
17.0
273.0
64.0
225.0
23.0
4.831.0
61.0
266.0
34.576.0
40.519.0
44.076.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
1,566.0
1,307,395.0
4,276.0
19,323.0
0.0
219,178.0
0.0
1.590.001.0
1,700,000.0
$ 3,500.0 $
197.0
14.0
356.0
83.0
293.0
18.0
4,732.0
55.0
252.0
40.500.0
46,500.0
50,000.0
295.0
162,520.0
774.0
1,825.0
0.0
25.382.0
(3.0)
200.394.0
200.500.0
(57.0)
14.0
(3.0)
83.0
19.0
68.0
(5.0)
(99.0)
(6.0)
(14.0)
5,924.0
5.981.0
5.924.0
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of State Grant Resources
AIR
Section 105 ,
HATER QUALITY
Section 106 ,
DRINKING HATER
Public Hater Systems
Underground Injection
Special Studies & Demos
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Haste Management ,
Hazardous Haste Initiative ,
PESTICIDES
Pesticides Cert. & Training....,
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxics Enf. Grants ,
SUBTOTAL ,
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS ,
TOTAL
(in thousands
ACTUAL
1987
$94,570.1
75,865.5
71,100.1
4,765.4
45,747.6
33,391.0
9,756.6
2,600.0
71,031.3
62,919.5
1,208.7
6,903.1
11,107.1
8,624.2
2,482.9
2,241.7
$300,563.3
2,168,796.5 2
.... $2.469.359.8 $2
of dollars)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
$92,603.4
60.850.0
60,850.0
47.950.0
33,450.0
11,500.0
3,000.0
71,391.0
64,812.0
6,579.0
12,703.4
8,703.4
4,000.0
2,200.0
$287,697.8
,304,000.0
.591.697.8
ESTIMATE
1989
$95,000.0
62.100.0
62,100.0
42,950.0
33,450.0
9,500.0
75.000.0
66,000.0
9,000.0
12,703.4
8,703.4
4,000.0
2,200.0
$289,953.4
1,500,000.0
$1.789.953.4
INCREASE*
DECREASE-
1989 VS 1988
+$2,396.6
+1.250.0
+1,250.0
-5.000.0
-2,000.0
-3,000.0
+3.609.0
+1,188.0
+2,421.0
.«
««
.
+2,255.6
-804,000.0
-$801.744.4
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History of State Grant Budget Authority
Part I: 1971 - 1975
(in thousands of dollars)
1971 1972 ' 1973 1974 1975
AIR $30.200
Section 105 30,200
Section 175
MATER QUALITY 10.000
Section 106 10.000
Section 208
Clean Lakes
DRINKING WATER.
Public Water 'Systems ...
Underground Injection
Special Studies & Demos ... ...
HAZARDOUS WASTE 1,629 2.545 3.250
Hazardous Waste Management..
Solid Waste Management 1,629 2.545 3.250
Resource Recovery
Hazardous Waste Initiative..
, Hazardous Waste Compliance.. ...
Underground Storage Tanks... ... ...
$42,900
42,900
15,000
15,000
...
...
$50.000
50,000
*
70,000
20.000
50,000 11
$50,000
50,000
150,000
50,000
100,000 11
$55,268
55,268
...
199,625
45,625
150,000 11
4,000
PESTICIDES.
Pesticides Enf. Grants ...
Pesticides Cert. & Training. ... ... ... * *
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ... ... ... ... ...
Toxic Enf. Grants
TOTAL $41,829 $60.445 $123.250 $200.000 $254.893
I/ CONTRACT AUTHORITY
*Pest1cides certification and training data for these years 1s unavailable.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History of State Grant Budget Authority
Part II: 1976 - 1980
(In thousands of dollars)
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
AIR $51.518 $55.550 $66.135 $130.025 $82.800
Section 105 51,518 55,550 66,135 80,025 82,800
Section 175 ... ... ... 50,000
WATER QUALITY 112.375 80.000 128.110 108.003 101.230
Section 106 44.375 50,000 52,400 52,400 48,730
Section 208 53,000 15,000 59,509 41,028 37,500
Clean Lakes 15,000 15,000 16,201 14,575 15,000
DRINKING WATER.... 10.000 20.000 27.110 36.270 34.745
Public Water Systems 7,500 15,000 20,500 26,400 29,450
Underground Injection 2,500 5,000 6,000 7,600 4,395
Special Studies & Demos ... ... 610 2,270 900
> HAZARDOUS WASTE. 1.800 2.925 14.304 44.886 38.600
»r Haz. Waste Management ... ... ... 15,018 18,600
Solid Waste Management 1,800 2.925 14,304 15,150 10,000
Resource Recovery ... ... ... 14,718 10,000
Hazardous Waste Initiative...
Hazardous Waste Compliance...
Underground Storage Tanks.... ... ...
PESTICIDES.. ._^ 1.000 7.280 13.052 12.393
Pesticides Enf. Grants ... 1,000 5,000 9,538 8,750
Pesticides Cert. & Training.. * * 2,280 3,514 3,643
TOXIC SUBSTANCES.
Toxic Enf. Grants ... ... ...
TOTAL $175.693 $159.475 ,$242.939 $332.236 $269.768
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
3udge
"^"15
History of State Grant Budget Authority
Part III: 1981 - 1985
(1n thousands of dollars)
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
AIR $87.673 $87.735 $85.050 $87.684 $90.937
Section 105 87,673 87,735 $85,050 87,684 90,937
Section 175 ... ... ... ...
WATER QUALITY 95.696 60.200 57.200 59.259 66.299
Section 106 51,223 51,200 54,200 54,259 61,299
Section 208 33,473
Clean Lakes 11,000 9,000 3,000 5,000 5,000
DRINKING WATER 37.598 37.848 36.425 36.850 39.050
Public Water Systems 29,450 29,450 27,450 27,450 28,450
Underground Injection 6,648 6,575 7,075 7,500 8,500
Special Studies & Demos 1,500 1,823 1,900 1,900 2,100
2 HAZARDOUS WASTE 38.570 41.700 44.068 46.850 57.145
T Hazardous Waste Management. 26,487 41,700 44,068 46,850 46,970
oo Solid Waste Management 8,083
Resource .Recovery 4,000 ....
Hazardous Waste Initiative. ... ... ... ... 5,175
Hazardous Waste Compliance. ... ... ... ... 5,000
Underground Storage Tanks..
PESTICIDES 10.972 11.202 10.718 10.860 12.321
Pesticides Enf. Grants 8,020 8,632 8,718 8,703 9,717
Pesticides Cert. & Training 2,952 2,570 2,000 2,157 2,604
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 1.000 500 .^ 500 1.500
Toxic Enf. Grants HIM SOU ... SOU T75W
TOTAL $271.509 $239.185 $233.461 $242.003 $267.252
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
History of State Grant Budget Authority
Part IV: 1986 - 1989
(In thousands of dollars)
1986
1987
1988
Current
Estimate
1989
Estimate
AIR $95.657
Section 105 95.657
Section 175
HATER QUALITY 66.889
Section 106 62,104
Section 208
Clean Lakes 4.785
DRINKING HATER 39.169
Public Mater Systems 28,219
> Underground Injection 8,701
tl. Special Studies & Demos 2,249
»o
HAZARDOUS HASTE 66.751
Haz. Haste Management........ 55,506
Solid Haste Management
Resource Recovery
Hazardous Haste Initiative... 4,546
Hazardous Haste Compliance...
Underground Storage Tanks.... 6,699
PESTICIDES 11.806
Pesticides Enf. Grants 9,304
Pesticides Cert. & Training.. 2,502
TOXIC SUBSTANCES 2.261
Toxic Enf. Grants 2,261
TOTAL $282.533
$94.570
94,570
75.865
71,100
4,765
45.748
33,391
9,757
2,600
71.031
62,919
1,209
6,903
11.107
8,624
2,483
2.242
2721?
$300.563
$92.603
92,603
60.850
60,850
47.950
33,450
11,500
3,000
71.391
64,812
6,579
12.703
8,703
4,000
2.200
2*721)0*
$287.697
$95.000
95,000
62.100
62.100
42.950
33,450
9,500
75.000
66,000
»
9,666
12.703
8,703
4,000
2.200
272*00*
$289.953
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
ro
o
Grades
Executive Level II..
Executive Level III.
Executive Level IV..
Executive Level V...
Subtotal..
ES-6
ES-5
ES-4
ES-3
ES-2
ES-1
Subtotal..
GS-17...
GS-16
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12
GS-11
GS-10
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7
GS-6
GS-5
GS-4
GS-3
GS-2
GS-1
Subtotal..
Actual
1987
1
1
9
1
12
3
33
84
69
13
9
211
11
598
1,298
1,910
1,938
1,051
70
814
187
904
506
677
298
73
9
Current
Estimate
1988
1
1
10
1
13
4
36
92
76
14
10
232
1
11
618
1,333
1,974
2,007
1,088
72
843
194
936
524
701
309
76
Estimate
1989
1
1
10
1
13
4
36
92
76
14
10
232
2
11
618
1,331
1,977
2,003
1,087
72
840
191
934
523
701
309
76
9
10,344
10,696
10,684
-------
CO
ro
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades 1987 1988 1989
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C 207):
Director grade 06, $31,907 to $55,120 61 62 62
Senior grade 05, $25,517 to $44,971 ... 101 102 102
Full grade 04, $21,510 to $37,606 41 45 45
Assistant grade 03, $19,991 to $32,531.. 7 8 8
Subtotal 210 217 217
Positions established by. .act of November 16, 1977 (42 U.S.C.
201) compensation' for which Is not to exceed the maximum " '
rate payable .for a 6S-18 19 9 9
Ungraded ............ 56 58 58
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS .......,,..,, 10,841' 11,225 11,213
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FUND
Grades
ES-5
ES-4
ES-3
ES-2
ES-1
Subtotal
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13.
GS-12
GS-11
GS-10
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7.
..,.
Gs-6....:v..r.
GS-5
GS-4 ..... ........
GS-3
GS-2 ...... ....
q., n:i" ..r-'y,)
' iM',>jt; r»
Actual
1987
2
4
5
2
13
57
157
339
501
300
1
185
9
167
65
139
92
26
7
Current
Estimate
1988
2
5
5
5
3
20
69
188
416
615
368
1
227
11
205
'.' f ' ' ' 80
171
113
32
9
Estimate
1989
2
5
5
5
3
20
72
194
427
631
378
1
233
11
210
82
175
116
33
9
2'045 2'505 2'572
-------
Current
Actual Estimate Estimate
Grades 1987 1988 1989
Positions established by act of July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C. 207):
Director grade 06, $31,907 to $55,120 ...................... 7 7 7
Senior grade 05, $25,517 to $44,971 ........................ 788
Full grade 04, $21,510 to $37,606.. ........................ 356
Senior assistant grade 03, $19,991 to $32,531 .............. 3 _ 4 _ S
Subtotal ........ .... ............................... 20 24 26
'.r;u
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS .......................... ......... . 2,078 2,549 2,618
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t/1
ro
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
Grades
ES-5
ES-4
ES-3
ES-2
ES-1
Subtotal
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13
GS-12
GS-11
GS-9
GS-7
GS-6 "...
GS-5...i
GS-4
GS-3
GS-2
Subtotal
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
Actual
1987
i
, 1
i
6
4
13
5
3
5
1
4
3
t 45
Current
Estimate
1988
1
1
2
2
8
8
22
g
6
9
2
7
6
79
Estimate
1989
1
1
2
2
9
9
21
11
7
10
2
7
6
84
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
-46
81
86
.'4. 'iHj>"r; i.
-ii
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Permanent Positions By Grade
REIMBURSABLES
(SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
j(|( q ijO^'i fj MI i,r"
Current
VACi.oiJc i;;.\iju :>) -»'\ ' f i; ., . ;; ,Actual -Estimate Estimate
Grades "'' i^u;;; r* -.M / ,'.' \ " 1987 ' 1988 1989
'."":-.j<* t.? 2*1 !'> ' \:;'s-',^-
GS/GM-15.V^;X,v.Y*.Jw>* " 3 3 3
GS/GM-14 ... 1 1
GS/GM-13 7 ~ - --7 7
uw*Xb * V'« *vU * i* i !£ «ji:i'/'« *** f- «j * »'»j f* ",-.'/ X i. -t f - > 11 XX
uO""X X i^j i^^ '- ^'^j »J^ rf *}4-* ** D 0 0
GS-1Q/-;-:vW'......V.;.....-ii.-.-....-.-..-.....-......^.,... *«. 3 ,.y,.( ,3 3
GS-9i!ii'.'.^i';.4;;.-.,,-.tisi)4:.-.-...........-.i...'..4,.-.,.' '-..,-;' 8 ' -.,.,-j 8 8
GS-8.......j»v^t-*' 5 ''' 5 5
GS-7 333
f*QC-.*i""->Jl?i*j*"!' ji(i'*^*-»* -- O O O
Uw""D «"*'* f*'4* ** ^ i* */. ' * ,' -*i'| * ^*fl*'f*j''
V) bW"*D i' ft' i *'»' »ib'M* *»** ^^« ; m m 7_; L' -j X X
K 11--;r !(*=: Subtotal...'.;-- ':,; » »i^-.J» »
Ungraded. *. t-;>.\... ..-...-....... .vv.1..*;,^ ;.% i;. 1 : ^'^^l L
:-'ll^v Jl.i'\ . Tfj- \ ;-.-'
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS..v..v.-.-.-.........'..; >.,1r)n 60 .62 62
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,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Average Grade and Salary
Appropriation/Pay Plan
Salaries and Expenses
Average Salary of
Superfund fH c. ]\i\t fn .:':.\'fOC
Leaking Underground Storage* Tank
~i' Average" GS/GM* Grade: ::::'. :
Average GS/GM Salary. :: . :
. Relmbursables '
^ ... ,j Average* GS/GM' Grade: '. . -. -. '. -. -. ....
T (Average GS/GM Sal ary. . -. ". -. . . : . . .
> AVer dye odldrjr Ul
- . .
1 . J j
i TflTAI , -ItTflU^Y 4-VTD-4CC ... . -
IUI nU! nbtNl 1 fltLKTVUt
leverage GS/GM Grade
Average GS/GM Sal ary
Average Salary of
Ungraded Positions
1987
Actual s
...-$70,383
10.7
> tip -nflfi . . . .
. . 4>JC,UOO
.-.. $12,178
\.i --$69 532
...U --10.-4
... $29 560v ',-r
... $71,130
::: 10;3-
... $30,443
..-.- 10-.6
...-$30-,124-
.-."' $11;535- ''
... $70,337
10.7
... $31,659
... $12.166
1988
Current
Estimate
'..-$71,439
10.7
...... .f-f? "ifi?"
..$12,361
$70,575
' 10.4
r, (; <,()N) $30,003
$72,197
10.3
$30,900
..10.6
- $30,576
$11,708
$71,382
10.7
$32,132,
$12.348
1989
President's
Budget
.... 572,510
10.7
' V" ' $33,056 T --
u «2.54^
, $71,634;
10.4
$30,453',
' : 20
$73,286
- 1073 , fc
< $31,363;
3 -t
*; 10.6
^ $31, 035 .
t (
\\ «1.884n-
' $72,463
" J tl9 Kri:'
'filOj '^PlWjj'C
$i2?534'1
f|
,
'.
,
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