United States
                 Environmental Protection
                 Agency
              FISCAL YEAR 1989
JUSTIFICATION OF APPROPRIATION
 ESTIMATES FOR COMMITTEE ON
      APPROPRIATIONS

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                         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                               1989 Budget Estimate

                                Table of Contents

                                                                            Page

SUBJECT INDEX                                                                 8


SUMMARY                                                                     S-l


AIR    •                                                                     A-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Air Quality Research	A-8
          Scientific Assessment	  A-l5
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	  A-16
          Health Effects	  A-17
          Environmental Engineering and Technology...	A-18
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  A-19
          Characterization, Transport and Fate	A-20
          Stratospheric Modification	  A-21
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards	  A-24
          Emission Standards & Technology Assessment	  A-27
          Pollutant Strategies & Air Standards Development	  A-28
          State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development..	A-30
       Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy	  A-32
          Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization	A-34
          Testing, Technical & Administrative Support	  A-36
          Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance	  A-37
       State Programs Resource Assistance	  A-40
          Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)	  A-42
          Training	  A-45
       Air Quality Management Implementation	  A-46
       Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment	  A-51
          Ambient Air Quality Monitoring	  A-53
          Air Quality & Emissions Data Management & Analysis 	  A-55
    ENFORCEMENT
       Stationary Source Enforcement	  A-59
       Mobi 1 e Source Enforcemen t	  A-64


WATER QUALITY                                                               WQ-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Water Quality Research	  WQ-10
          Scientific Assessment	  WQ-15
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	  WQ-16
          Health Effects 	  WQ-17
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	  WQ-18
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  WQ-19
          Great Lakes	  WQ-20

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                               Table of Contents

                                  (Continued)

WATER QUALITY (Continued)                                                   Page

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Water Quality and Grants Program Management	  WQ-22
          Water Quality Management...	  WQ-25
          Great Lakes Program	WQ-26
          Chesapeake Bay Program	  WQ-28
       Effluent Standards & Guidelines	WQ-31
       Grants Assistance Programs	  WQ-34
          Clean Lakes Program	WQ-35
          Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section  106)	WQ-36
       Water Quality Strategies Implementation	WQ-38
          Dredge & Fill	  WQ-42
          Ocean Disposal Permits	WQ-44
          Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention	WQ-46
          Standards & Regulations	WQ-47
       Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis	  WQ-49
          Coastal Environment Management	WQ-51
          Water Quality Monitoring ft Analysis	  WO-54
       Municipal Source Control	WQ-57
          Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	WQ-59
          Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance	WQ-61
    ENFORCEMENT
          Water Quality Enforcement	•..  WQ-64
          Water Quality- Permit Issuance	  WO-69


DRINKING WATER                                                              DW-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Drinking Water Research.;	nw-9
          Sclentific Assessment	OW-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	nw-15
          Health Effects	DW-16
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	nui-17
          Environmental Processes and Effects	DW-18
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines	nw-20
          Criteria, Standards ft Guidelines..;	  DW-21
       Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance	nw-24
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	DW-25
          Underground Injection Control Program Grants	DW-27
          Special Studies & Demonstrations	DW-28
       Drinking Water Management	HW-30
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	DW-32
          Underground Injection Control Program	DW-34
       Ground-Water Protection	HW-37
    ENFORCEMENT
       Drinking Water Enforcement	DW-42


HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                             HW-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Waste Research	HW-8
          Sci enti f i c Assessment	  HW-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	HW-15


                                          2

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                             Table of Contents

                               (Continued)

HAZARDOUS WASTE (Continued)                                                 Page

          Health Effects	 HW-lfi
          Environmental  Engineering and  Technology	HW-17
          Environmental  Processes and Effects........	HW-18
          Integrated Hazardous Waste Research	HW-19
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Waste Management  Regulations, Guidelines  and  Policies	HW-21
          Regulations, Guidelines * Policies  - Hazardous  Waste	 HW-25
          RCRA Regulatory Program - Office  of Air &  Radiation	HW-27
          RCRA Regulatory Program - Office  of Water..	 HW-27
          Regulations, Guidelines A Policies  - Underground  Storage Tanks... HW-30
       Financial Assistance	 HW-32
          Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to  States	HW-33
          Hazardous Waste Initiative Grants	 HW-35
          Underground Storage Tanks State Grants	HW-36
       Waste Management  Strategies Implementation	HW-37
          Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory  Strategies  Implementation.. HW-39
       Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know -  Title III	 HW 42
    ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Waste Enforcement	HW-45


PESTICIDES                                                                 P-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Pesticides Research	P- 8
          Scientific Assessment	 P-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	-.	P-14
          Health Effects	;	 P-15
          Environmental  Engineering and  Technology	P-16
          Environmental  Processes and Effects	 P-17
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Registration, Special Registration & Tolerances	P-20
          Registration	 P-22
          Speci al Regi stration	P-24
          Tolerances	 P-25
       Generic Chemical  Review	P-27
          Generic Chemical Review	 P-28
    ENFORCEMENT
       Pesticides Enforcement	P-32
          Pesticides Enforcement	 P-35
          Pesticides Enforcement Grants	P-36
          Pesticides Certification & Training	 P-37
          Pesticides Certification & Training Grants	P-38

RADIATION                                                                  R-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Radiation Research	R-7
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.....	R-10
          Environmental  Engineering and  Technology	R-ll
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Radiation Criteria, Standards & Guidelines.	R-14
       Radiation Program Implementation	 R-18
       Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment	 R-21
       Radon Action Program	 R-25
       Radon Action Program Implementation	R-28

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                            Table of Contents

                               (Continued)


INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                           1-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       I ntermedi a Programs	  1-7
          Scientific Assessment	  1-13
          Technical Information and Liaison	-.  1-13
          Quality Assurance Management	  1-14
          Exploratory Research Core Program	  1-15
          Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA)	  1-16
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Environmental Review and Coordination	  1-19
       Interdisciplinary Training Grants	  1-23
    ENFORCEMENT
       Enforcement Policy & Technical Support	  1-26
          Technical Support - Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring  1-29
          Enforcement Policy & Operations	  1-30
          Criminal Investigations Program	  1-32


TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                            TS-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Toxics Substances Research	TS-8
          Scientific Assessment	TS-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	TS-15
          Health Effects	TS-lfi
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	TS-17
          Environmental Processes and Effects.....:.....	TS-19
    ABATEMENT A CONTROL
       Toxic Substances Financial Assistance	.:	  TS-21
          Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants	TS-23
          Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration	TS-24
          Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification	TS-25
       Toxic Substances Strategies	TS-26
          Chemi cal Test i ng	TS-29
          Existing Chemical Review	TS-30
          New Chemical Review	TS-32
          OPTS - Title III	TS-34
    ENFORCEMENT
       Toxic Substances Enforcement	TS-3fi
          Toxic Substances Enforcement	TS-39
          Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants	TS-41
       OPTS Enforcement  - Title III	TS-42

ENERGY                                                                      E-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Mu 11i-Medi a Energy	;	  E-5
          Acid Rain	  E-10
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	  E-ll
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  E-12

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                              Table of Contents

                                  (Continued)

MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT                                                        MS-1

    PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
       Program Management	.	MS-8
          Program Management - Air & Radiation	  MS-12
          Program Management - Water	  MS-13
          Program Management - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring..	  MS-13
          Program Management - External Affairs	MS-14
          Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	  MS-15
          Program Management - General Counsel	MS-15
          Program Management - Research & Development	  MS-16
          Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response	MS-17
    AGENCY MANAGEMENT
       Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices...	MS-19
          Immediate Office of the Administrator	  MS-24
          Office of Regional Operations	MS-25
          Office of Executive Support	  MS-25
          Administrator's Representation Fund	MS-26
          Office of International Activities	MS-26
          Office of Civil Rights	MS-27
          Science Advisory Board	  MS-28
          Office of Administrative Law Judges	MS-29
          Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization	  MS-29
       Office of Inspector General	  MS-31
          Office of Inspector General 	;	MS-32
       Office of General Counsel	MS-34
          General Counsel	  MS-35
       Office of External Affairs..	;	MS-37
          Office of Legislative Analysis	-....  MS-41
          Office of Congressional Liaison	MS-42
          Office of Public Affairs...	  MS-42
          Office of Community and Intergovernmental  Relations	MS-43
          Office of Federal Activities	  MS-43
       Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation	  MS-45
          Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation	  MS-49
          Integrated Environmental Management Program	  MS-49
          Office of Policy Analysis	  MS-50
          Office of Standards & Regulations	MS-52
          Office of Management Systems & Evaluation	  MS-53
       Office of Administration & Resources Management	MS-55
          Program Management - Administration	  MS-60
          Financial Management - Headquarters	MS-61
          Office of the Comptroller	MS-61
          Contracts & Grants Management	MS-62
          Personnel & Organization Services	  MS-63
          Facilities & Management Services	MS-64
          Information Systems & Services	  MS-65
          Administrative Management - Title III	MS-65
          Office of Human Resources Management	  MS-66
   REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
       Regi onal Management	  MS-69
          Resource Management - Regions	  MS-72
          Financial Management - Regions	  MS-73
          Personnel Management - Regions	MS-73
          Administrative Management - Regions	MS-74
          Regional Management	  MS-75
          Regi onal Counsel	MS-75
          Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions	  MS-7.6

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                              Table of Contents

                                 (continued)

MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT (Continued)

   SUPPORT COSTS
       Support Costs	MS-79
          Professional  Training	  MS-82
          Nationwide Support Services	MS-82
          Headquarters Support Services	  MS-83
          Regional Support Services	MS-83
          Automated Data Processing Support Costs	  MS-84
          Automated Data Processing Support - Title III	MS-85
          Lab Support - Research ft Development	  MS-85
          Lab Support - Air & Radiation	MS-86
          Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	  MS-86


BUILDINGS & FACILITIES                                                      BF-1

       Buildings * Facilities	BF-4
          New Facilities	  BF-5
          Repairs & Improvements	BF-6


CONSTRUCTION GRANTS                                                         CG-1

       Construction Grants	  CG-2


SUPERFUND                                                                   SF-1

   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT                                  •
       Hazardous Substance Research	,	.SF-10
          Sci ent 1 f i c Asses sment	  SF-16
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	  SF-17
          Health Effects	SF-18
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	SF-19
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  SF-21
          Expl oratory Research	  SF-22
          Technical Information and Liaison	SF-23
   HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
       Hazardous Substance Response	  SF-25
          Hazardous Spill  & Site Response	  SF-26
       Hazardous Substance Response - Support	  SF-29
          Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water	SF-31
          Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air and Radiation	SF-33
       Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency	SF-34
          Department of Health A Human Services	  SF-38
          United States Coast Guard	...."	SF-39
          Department of Justice	  SF-40
          Federal Emergency Management Agency	SF-40
          National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration	  SF-41
          Department of the Interior	  SF-41
          Occupational  Safety & Health Administration	  SF-42
   ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement	  SF-44
          Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
            of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring	  SF-48

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                          Table of Contents

                             (Continued)

SUPERFUND (Continued)

          Hazardous Substance Technical  Enforcement	SF-49
          Hazardous Substance Legal  Enforcement	 SF-51
          Hazardous Substance Criminal  Investigations	 SF-53
   MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Hazardous Substance Management and  Support	 SF-56
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management -  Headquarters	SF-63
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management -  Regions	 SF-64
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management  -  Headquarters..... SF-65
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management  -  Regions	SF-65
          Hazardous Substance Support Services  -  Headquarters	 SF-66
          Hazardous Substance Support Services  -  Regions	 SF-67
          Hazardous Substance Computer Services	 SF-67
          Hazardous Substance Legal  Services -  Headquarters	 SF-68
          Hazardous Substance Legal  Services -  Regions	 SF-68
          Hazardous Substance-Office of the  Inspector General	 SF-69
          Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning ft Evaluation	SF-70
          Hazardous Substance-Office of the  Comptroller	 SF-71
          Hazardous Substance-Office of External  Affairs	 SF-72
          Hazardous Substance-Office of Research  and  Development-
            Lab Sup'port	 SF-72

   LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                       L-l

   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
       LUST Technical  Support	 L-6
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	 L-7
   ABATEMENTS CONTROL
       LUST Guidelines and Implementation	L-10
   ENFORCEMENT
       LUST Enforcement-Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring	L-14
   MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Management & Support	;	L-1R
          Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
            and Evaluation	L-20
          Administrative Management - Office of Administration
            and Resources Management	L-21
          Legal Services - Office of General Counsel	 L-21


SPECIAL ANALYSES                                                           SA-1

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1989 Budget Estimate

                             Subject Index by Media
AIR
  Air Quality Monitoring	   A-16,17,53
  Air Toxics	,	   A-4,15-17,19,21,27,
                                                                29,43
  Compliance Monitoring Inspections	   A-43,62
  Emission Waivers	   A-66
  Enforcement 	   A-61,66
  Fuel Economy	   A-37
  Fuel Programs	   A-36,66
  Global Climate Change	   A-22
  Health Effects Institute	   A-17
  Indoor Air	   A-13-19,29
  Inspection and Maintenance Program	   A-35
  In-use Emission Factors	   A-35
  Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory	   A-36
  Municipal Waste Incineration	   A-27
  National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)	   A-15-18,20,21.28
  National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN)	   A-20
  National Emission Standards for Hazardous
    Air Pollutants (NESHAPs)...	   A-26
  New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)	   A-16,19,20,21,26
  Ozone	   A-3,15,19,20,22,30,
                                                                36,42,48
  Particulate Matter	   A-3,16,20,30,43,48,
                                                                53,61,66
  Prevention of Significant Deterioration	   A-30,42
  Recall of In-Use Vehicles	   A-66  ,
  Regional Programs	,	   A-48,53,61
  Selective Enforcement Audits	   A-60
  State Grants	i	   A-42
  State Implementation Plans (SIPs)	   A-16,19,20,21,30,
                                                                42,48
  Stationary Source Enforcement	-.	   A-61
  Stratospheric Ozone Depletion	   A-22,29
  Tampering and Fuel Switching	   A-67


WATER QUALITY

   Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews	   WQ-60,61
   Aquatic Life Research	   WQ-19
   Biomonitoring	   WQ-16,36,70,71
   Chesapeake Bay Program	   WQ-28-30
   Clean Lakes	   WQ-35,47
   Coastal Environment Management	   WQ-51-54
   Construction Grants Management	   WQ-59-62;CG-3,4,5
   Corps of Engineers	   WQ-42-45,59-61
   Effluent Guidelines.	   WQ-32,33
   Emergency Response	   WQ-46,47
   Enforcement	   WQ-7,65-68

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                              Subject Index by Media

                                 (Continued)

WATER QUALITY  (Continued)                                    Page

  Great Lakes Program	   WQ-20,26-28
  Indian Tribes	.	   WQ-25.26,36,37.42,
                                                                 47,60,61.71
  International Pollution Control  Agreements	   WQ-3,20,24,26,27,41
  Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h)	   WQ-51-54
  National Estuary Program	   WQ-4,51-54
  Near Coastal Waters	   WQ-4,51,52
  Nonpoint Sources	   WQ-5,25-30,36
  NPDES Permits	   WQ-36,37,52,65-67,
                                                                 70-72
  Ocean Disposal	   WQ-4,5,44-46
  Ocean Disposal  Fee.*.	   WQ-5,44,45
  Operations and Maintenance	   WQ-61,62
  Operator Training	   WQ-61,62
  Pretreatment	   WQ-6,18,36,37,65-68
                                                                 70-72
  Quality Assurance Fees	WQ-16
  SIudge Management	   WQ-17,18,36,37,47,48,
                                                                 61,71,72
  State Clean Water Strategies	   WQ-3,4,25,37,42,47,
                                                                 55,56
  State Grants	   WQ-24-26,35-37
  State Revolving Funds	   WQ-6,59-61 ;CG-3-5
  Toxic Pollutant Controls	   WQ-5-6,15-20,27-30,
                                                                 32,33,36,37,47,
                                                                 48,55.56,60,70-72
  Wastewater Treatment Compliance	   WQ-61,62,65-67
  Water Quality Permit Issuance	   WQ-36,37,70-72
  Wetlands (Section 404)	   WQ-4,19,42-44


DRINKING WATER

  Enforcement	   DW-42-45
  Epidemiology	   DW-16
  Ground-Water Activities	   DW-3,5,37-40
  Ground-Water Research Activities	   DW-6,15,18
  Health Advisories	   DW-4,12,15,17
  Health Effects	   DW-3,16,21
  Indian Tribes	   DW-4,25-28,32-36,
                                                                 38-40,43,44
  National Primary Drinking Water Regulations	   DW-3,4,15,16,21-23,
                                                                 26,33,34
  National Rural  Water Association	   DW-28,29
  Public Water Systems Supervision	   DW-4,21,32,34
  Quality Assurance Fees	   DW-15,16
  Small Systems Engineering Research	   DW-17
  State Grants	   DW-25-29
  Underground Injection Control	   DW-3,5,18,21-23,32,
                                                                 34-36
  Wei 1 head Protection	   DW-3,5,18,38,39,40

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                              Subject Index by Media

                                 (Continued)


HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                Page

  Air Emission Standards	  HW-27
  Community Right-to-know	  HW-43
  Compliance Inspections	  HW-47,48
  Corrective Action	  HW-25,28,46,48
  Dioxin	  HW-13.14,19.26
  Domestic Sewage Study	  HW-28
  Enforcement	  HW-29,34,46
  Financial Responsibility	  HW-26,30
  Ground Water Monitoring	  HW-16,26
  Hazardous Spills Research	  HW-15,18
  Incineration	  HW-13,14.16,17,25,41
  Innovative/Alternatives Techno!ogies	  HW-13,17
  Land Banning Activities	  HW-25-27.39
  Land Disposal Facilities	  HW-13,17,25,26
  Li sti ng/Del i sti ng	  HW-13,16,25,26
  Mining Waste	  HW-25,26.39.40
  Monitoring Methods	  HW-15
  Municipal Waste Incineration	  HW-13,14,16,17,46
  Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study	 HW-29
  Permi tting	  HW-26,39
  Policy and Guidance	  HW-25,26,40,46
  POTW Requirements	  HW-28
  Qual ity Assurance	  HW-14,15
  Regulations Development	  HW-25-28
  Reports to Congress	  HW-26,29,44
  Risk Assessment	-.	  HW-13,14,18,25
  State Authorizations...'	  HW-25,26,39,40
  State Grants	  HW-33-36
  Subtitle D Criteria	  HW-25,40
  Surface Impoundments.	  HW-28,40
  Titie III	  HW-40
  Treatment Standards	  HW-25,26
  Tufts University	  HW-19
  UIC Requirements (RCRA)	  HW-28
  Underground Storage Tanks-Regulations and Guidelines	  HW-30
  Underground Storage Tanks Grants	  HW-36
  Waste Characterization	  HW-16,47
  Waste Minimization	  HW-26,39


PESTICIDES

  Biotechnology	  P-5,6,13,16,17,23-25
  Certification and Training	  P-32-35,37,38
  Data Cal 1-In	  P-28-30
  Disposal	  P-3-5,16,17,28,30
  Emergency Exemptions	  P-3,6,22,24,25
  Endangered Species	  P-4,23,35
  Enforcement	  P-4-6,32-38
  Experimental Use Permit	  P-3,6,22,24,25
  Farmworker Safety	  P-5,23,35
  Ground Water	  P-3-5,23,29,30,35
  Lab/Data Integrity	  P-36
                                       10

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                            Subject Index by Media

                                 (Continued)
PESTICIDES  (Continued)
  Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program	  P-35,38
  Regi stration	  P-3,4,6,20-25
  Registration Fees	  P-23,24
  Registration Standards	  P-4,6,28-30
  Reregi strati on	  P-3,4,6,28-30
  Risk Assessment	  P-3,5,14,16,17
  Special Review (RPAR)	  P-4,6,28-30
  State Grants	P-4,5,32-38
  Tolerances	  P-3,6,20-22,25,26


RADIATION

  Airborne Radionuclide Standards	  R-15,19
  Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System	  R-23
  Nevada Nuclear Test Site...	  R-10,11
  Radiological Emergency Response Plans	  R-19,23
  Radon Mitigation Research	  R-11,12,26,29
  Uranium Mill Tailing Standards	  R-16


INTERDISCIPLINARY

  Case Referrals	'.	  1-5
  Compliance Monitoring	;...	•	  1-29
  Criminal Investigations	  1-32,33
  Enforcement	•	  1-28
  Enforcement Operations	  1-30,31
  Enforcement Policy	  1-30
  Environmental Review and Coordination	  1-20
  Evidence Audits	  1-29
  Exploratory Research	  1-15,16
  Federal Agencies Compliance	  1-21
  Indians Programs	  1-21
  Integrated Risk Information System	  1-13
  Interdisciplinary Training Grants	  1-24
  Li ti gati on	  1-30
  National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC)	  1-29
  NEPA Compliance Program	  1-21
  Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring	  1-28
  Quality Assurance	  1-14,15
  "Reduction of Uncertainties  in Risk Assessment  (RURA)	  1-16,17
  Regul atory Support	  1-14
.  Ri sk Assessment Guide! i nes	  1-13
  Small Business Innovation Research	  1-16
  Technical Information	  1-13,14
  Visiting Scientists Program	  1-16


TOXIC SUBSTANCES

  Asbestos Hazard and Emergency Response Act (AHERA)	  TS-23,24,25
  Asbestos in Public Buildings	  TS-24,25
  Asbestos Regulations	  TS-23,24,31,32
  Asbestos Research	  TS-15,17
                                        11

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                            Subject Index by Media

                                 (Continued)

                                                             Page
TOXIC SUBSTANCES  (Continued)

  Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA)	  TS-23,24,25
  Asbestos Technical Assistance	  TS-23,24,25
  Biotechnology	  TS-3,4,14.15.17,18,
                                                                 32,33
  Chemical Assessment Desk	  TS-32
  Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR)	  TS-30
  Enforcement	  TS-3,39-41,43-45
  Existing Chemical Review	  TS-30-32
  Expedited New Chemical Follow-up	  TS-32,33
  Interagency Testing Committee (ITC)	  TS-28,29,30
  Lab/Data Integri ty	  TS-39,40
  Polychlorinated Biphenynls (PCB)....	  TS-3,4,31,39.40
  Premanufacture Notice Fees	  TS-33
  Regional Asbestos Information and Training Centers	  TS-24,25
  Risk Assessment	  TS-4,13-15
  SARA Title III Emissions Inventory Reporting	  TS-3.4,29,34,35,43-45
  SARA Title III Section 110 Toxicological Profiles	  TS-29,32
  Significant New Use Rule (SNUR)	  TS-32,33
  Structure Activity Relationships	  TS-4,16,18
  Test Guidelines	  TS-13-15,30
  Test Rules	  TS-28-31


ENERGY

  Acid Rain	  E-10
  Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB)	  E-12
  National Surface Water Survey	'.  E-10


MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT

  Audits and Investigations	  MS-35,36
  Automated Data Processing (ADP)	  MS-65,74,84,85
  Fiseal Integrity	  MS-61,62,73
  Human Resources Management	  MS-66,67
  International Activities	  MS-26,27
  Legal Advice	  MS-29
  Legislation/Congressional Liaison Activities	  MS-41,42
  Maintenance and Repair Projects	  MS-2-6
  Management Systems Integrated	  MS-61,62
  Managing for Environmental Results	  MS-53,54
  Office of General Counsel	  MS-35,36
  Regulatory Reform - OPPE	  MS-52,53
  Support Servi ces	  MS-79-87
  Global Climate Change	  MS-50,51


SUPERFUND

  Alternative Technologies	  SF-16,19-21
  Cost Recovery - Superfund	  SF-49,51
  Criminal Investigations	  SF-53
  Emergency Response	  SF-26
  Enforcement	  SF-47
                                       12

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                            Subject Index by Media

                                 (Continued)
SUPERFUND  (Continued)
  Environmental Response Team	  SF-27
  Health Research	  SF-15,18,19,38
  Interagency	.'	  SF-36
  Management.	  SF-62-66
  Office of Inspector General	  SF-69
  Remedial Response	  SF-27,31
  Research and Development	 -SF-15-23
  SITE Program	  SF-19-21
  Support Services	  SF-66,67
  University Research Centers	  SF-16,22


LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK

  Cooperative Agreements	  L-3,11,12,15,16
  Correcti ve Acti on	  L-ll, 12
  Cost Recovery	  L-ll,12
  Enforcement	  L-3.11,12,15,16
  Financial Responsibility Requirements	  L-3,11,12
  Guidelines	  L-ll,12
  Management	  L-4,20-22
  Technical Support	  L-4,7,20-22
                                      13

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                             1989 Budget Estimate

                          Alphabetical Subject Index
                                                              Page
Acid Ra1 n	   E-10
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Reviews	   WQ-60,61
Air Emission Standards (Hazardous Waste)	   HW-27
Air Quality Monitoring	   A-16,17,53
Air Toxics	.'	   A-4,15-17,19,21,27,
                                                                29,43
Airborne Radionuclide Standards	   R-15,19
Alternative Technologies	   SF-16,19-21
Aquatic Life Research	   WQ-19
Asbestos Hazard and Emergency Response Act (AHERA)	   TS-23-25
Asbestos in Public Buildings	   TS-24,25
Asbestos Regulations	   TS-23,24,31,32
Asbestos Research	   TS-15,17
Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act (ASHAA)	   TS-23,24,25
Asbestos Technical Assistance	   TS-23,24,25
Audits and Investigations	   MS-35,36
Automated Data Processing (ADP)	   MS-65,74,84,85

B

Biomo altering	   WQ-16,36,70,71
Biotechnol ogy	   P-5,6,13,16,17,23-25;
                                                              TS-3,4,14,15,17,18,
£                                                                32,33

Case Referral s	   1-5
Certification and Training	   P-32-35,37,38
Chemical Assessment Desk	   TS-32
Chesapeake Bay Program	   WQ-28-30
Clean Lakes	   WQ-35,47
Coastal Envi ronment Management	   WQ-51-54
Community Right-to-Know	   HW-43
Compliance Inspections - Hazardous Waste	   HW-47,48
Compliance Monitoring Inspections - Air	   A-43,62
Compliance Monitoring - Interdisciplinary	   1-29
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (CAIR)	   TS-30
Construction Grants Management	   WQ-59-62; CG-3-5
Cooperati ve Agreements	   L-3,11,12,15,16
Corps of Engineers	   WQ-42-45,59-61
Corrective Action	   HW-25,26,46,48;  .
                                                              L-11,12
Cost Recovery - Superfund and LUST	   SF-49,51; L-11,12
Criminal Investigations	   1-32,33; SF-53

£

Data Call-In	   P-28-30
Dioxin...	   HW-13,14,19,26
Di sposal	   P-3-5,16,17,28,30
Domestic Sewage Study	   HW-28
                                       14

-------
                          Alphabetical Subject Index

                                 (Continued)
Effluent Guidelines ......... v ..............................    WQ-32,33
Emergency Exemptions .......................................    P-3,6,22,24,25
Emergency Response .........................................    WQ-46,47;  SF-26
Emi ssion Wa i vers ...........................................    A-66
Endangered Species .........................................    P-4,23,35
Enforcement - Legal :
  Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring ..........    1-28;  L-3,11,12,
                                                                15,16
  Enforcement Policy and Operations ........................    1-28,30,31
  Criminal Investigations ..................................    1-32,33
  National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) .........    1-29
  General Counsel ..........................................    MS-35,36
  Regional Counsel .........................................    MS-35,36
Enforcement - Technical:
  Air Mobile Source Enforcement ............................    A-61,66
  Air Stationary Source Enforcement ........................    A-61  •
  Drinking Water Enforcement ..... ... .......................    DW-42,45
  Hazardous Waste Enforcement ..............................    HW-29,34,46
  LUST Enforcement .........................................    L-3,11,12, 15, 16
  Pesticides Enforcement ................. . .................    P-4-6, 32-38
  Toxic Substances Enforcement .............................    TS-3, 39-41, 43-45
  Water Quality Enforcement ................................    WQ-7, 65-68
  Water Quality Permit Issuance ............................    WQ-36, 37, 70-72
  Superfund Enforcement ........................... ; ........    SF-47
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring  System ..........    R-23  .
Envi ronmental Response Team ................................    SF-27
Environmental Review and Coordination ........... . ..........    1-20
Epidemiol ogy ...............................................    DW-16
Evidence Audi ts ............................................    1-29
Existing Chemical  Review ...................................    TS-30-32
Expedited New Chemical Follow-up ....... '. ...................    TS-32,33
Experimental Use Permit ....................................    P-3,6,22,24,25
Exploratory Research ............... . .......................    1-15,16

F_

Farmworker Safety ....................................... ...    P-5,23,35
Federal Agencies Compliance...' .............................    1-21
Financial Responsibility Requirements ......................    L-3,11,12; HW-26,30
Fi seal Integri ty ...........................................    MS-61 ,62 ,73
Fuel Economy ...............................................    A-37
Fuel Programs ........................................ . .....    A-36 ,66
Global Climate Change ......................................   A-22; MS-50,51
Great Lakes Program ........................................   WQ-20, 26-28
Ground Water ...............................................   P-3-5,23,29,30,35
Ground-water Activities. . ..................................   DW-3,5,37-40
Ground-water Monitoring ....................................   HW-16,26
Ground-water Research Activities ...........................   DW-6,15,18
Guidelines for LUST ........................................   L-11,12
                                       15

-------
                          Alphabetical Subject Index

                                 (Continued)
H
Page
Hazardous. Spil 1 s Research ..................................    HW-15,18
Health Advisories. ...... . ..................................    DW-4,12,15,17
Heal th Effects .............................................    DW-3, 16,21
Health Effects Institute ...................................    A-17
Health Research ............................................    SF-15, 18, 19,38
Human Resources Management ....................... . .........    MS-66,67
Inci neration ...............................................    HW-13, 14, 16,17 ,25,41
Indi an Programs ............................................    1-21
Indian Tribes ..............................................    WQ-25,26,36,37,42,47,
                                                                 60,61,71;  DW-4,
                                                                 25-28,32-36,
                                                                 38-40,43,44
Indoor Air .................................................    A-13-19,29
Innovative and Alternative Technologies ....................    HW-13, 17
Inspection and Maintenance Program .........................    A-35
Integrated Risk Information System .........................    1-13
Interagency - Superf und ....................................    SF-36
Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) ........................    TS-28,29,30
Interdisciplinary Training Grants ..........................    1-24
International  Activities ...................................    MS-26,27
International  Pollution Control  Agreements .................    WQ-3,20,24,26,27,41
I n-use Emission Factors ....................................    A-35

L_

Lab/Data Integrity .........................................    TS-39,40;  P-36
Land Banning Activities ....................................    HW-25-27,39
Land Disposal  Facilities ...................................    HW-13, 17, 25, 26
Legal Advice ...............................................    MS-29
Legislation/Congressional  Liaison Activities ...............    MS-41,42
Limestone Injection Multi-stage Burner (LIMB) ..............    E-12
Li sting/Del i sting ..........................................    HW-13, 16, 25,26
Litigation .................................................    1-30
Maintenance & Repair Projects ..............................   BF-2-6
Management - Leaking Underground Storage Tanks .............   L-4, 20-22
Management - Superf und .....................................   SF-62-65
Management Systems Integrated ..............................   MS-61 ,62
Managing for Environmental Results ........................ .   MS-53,54
Marine Outfalls - Section 301(h) ...........................   WQ-51-54
Mi ni ng Wa ste ...............................................   HW-25 , 26 , 39 ,40
Moni tori ng Methods .........................................   HW-15
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory ........................ .   A-36
Municipal Waste Incineration ...............................   A-27; HW-13, 14, 16,
                                                                17,46
Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study ..........................   HW-29
                                       16

-------
                          Alphabetical Subject Index

                                 (Continued)
N
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) .......... *..    A-15-18, 20, 21,28
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAM) ..............    A-20
National Emission Standards for Hazardous
  A1 r Pollutants (NESHAPs) .......... ............... . .......    A-26
National Enforcement Investigation Center (NEIC) ...........    1-29
National Estuary  Program ..................................    WQ-4, 51-54
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations ................    DW-3,4,15,16,21-23
                                                                 26,33,34
National Rural Water Association ...........................    DW-28,29
National Surface Water Survey ............................ '..    E-12
Near Coastal Waters ........................ • ...............    WQ-4,51,52
Nebraska and Colorado Enforcement Program... .......... .....    P-35,38
NEPA Compliance Program ....................................    1-21
Nevada Nuclear Test Site ...................................    R-10,11
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) ....................    A-16, 19-21,30, 42.4R
Nonpoint Sources ............................ . ..............    WQ-5, 25-30, 36
NPDES Pemri ts ..............................................    WQ-36 ,37 ,52 ,65-67 ,
                                                                 70-72

£

Ocean D1 sposal ................................. . ............    WQ-4 ,5 , 44-46
Ocean Disposal Fee .........................................    WQ-5, 44, 45
Operations and Maintenance .................................    WQ-61,62
Operator Traini ng ..........................................    WQ-61 ,62
Ozone [[[    A-3,1S,19,20,22,
                                                                30,35,42,48

IP

Particulate Matter .................... .....................    A-3,16,20,30,43,
                                                                48,53,61,66
Permitting - Hazardous Waste ...............................    HW-26,39
Policy and Guidance - Hazardous Waste ......................    HW-25,26,40,46
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) ............................    TS-3,4,31,39,40
POTW Requirements .................................... . .....    HW-28
Premanufacture Notice Fees .................................    TS-33
Pretreatment ....... . .......................................    WQ-6,18,36,37,65-68,
                                                                 70-72
Prevention of Significant Deterioration ....................    A-30,42
Public Water Systems Supervision ...........................    DW-4,21,32,34

Q

Quality Assurance ..........................................    1-14,15; HW-14,15
Quality Assurance Fees ......... . ...........................    DW-15,16; WQ-16
Radiological Emergency Response Plans ......................   R-19,23
Radon Mitigation Research ..................................   R-11,12,26,29
Recall of In-Use Vehicles ..................................   A-66
Reduction of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment (RURA) .......   1-16,17

-------
                          Alphabetical Subject Index

                                 (Continued)
Regional Programs ..........................................   A-48,53,61
Registration ..................... . ..........................   P-3 ,4,6,20-25
Regi stration Fees ....................... ...................   P-23,24
Regi strati on Standards .....................................   P-4 ,6 ,28-30
Regulations Development - Hazardous Waste ..................   HW-25-28
Regulatory Reform - OPPE ...................................   MS-52,53
Regul atory Support .........................................   1-14
Remedial Response ..........................................   SF-27,31
Reports to Congress ........................................   HW-26, 29,44
Reregi stration ...... .......................................   P-3,4,6, 28-30
Risk Assessment ............................................   HW-13,14,18,25;
                                                               P-3, 5, 14, 16, 17;
                                                               TS-4, 13-15
Risk Assessment Guidelines .................................   1-13
SARA Title III Emissions Inventory Reporting ...............   TS-3,4,29,34,35,
                                                                 43-45
SARA Title III Section 110 Toxicological Profiles ..........   TS-29,32
Selective Enforcement Audits ...............................   A- 60
Significant New Use Rules (SNURs) ..........................   TS-32,33
SITE Program ................................... .' ...........   SF-19-21
Sludge Management ..........................................   WQ-17,18,36,37,47,
                                                                 48,61,71,72
Small Business Innovation Research .........................   1-16
Small Systems Engineering Research .........................   DW-17
Special Review (RPAR) - Pesticides .......... '. ..............   P-4, 6, 28-30
State Authorizations - Hazardous Waste .....................   HW-25,26,39,40
State Clean Water Strategies ...............................   WQ-3,4,25,37,42,
                                                                 47,55,56
State Grants:
  Ai r [[[   A-60
  Water Qual i ty ............................................   WQ-24-26, 35-37
  Cl ean Lakes ..............................................   WQ-35,47
  Hazardous Waste ..........................................   HW-33-36
  Pestici des ...............................................   P-4, 5 ,32-38
  Dri nki ng Water ...........................................   DW-25-29
State Implementation Plans (SIPs). .........................   A-16,19,20,21,30
                                                                42,48
State Revolving Funds ......................................   WQ-6, 59-61; CG-3-5
Stationary Source Enforcement ................... ...........   A-61
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion ..............................   A-22,29
Structure Activity Relationships ..........................   TS-4, 16, 18
Subtitle D Criteria ........................................   HW-25,40
Superf und Interagency Funds .......................... .......   SF-36
Superf und Research and Devel opment .........................   SF-15-23
Support Servi ces ...........................................   MS-79-87
Support Services - Superf und ...............................   SF-66 ,67
Surface Impoundments .......................................   HW-28,40
Tampering and Fuel Switching	   A-67

-------
                            Alphabetical  Subject Index

                                   (Continued)
                                                              Page
Technical Support .......... . ---- . ..........................    L-4,7,20-22
Test Guide! i nes ...... .................... . . ................    TS-13-15,30
Test Rul es ................................... . . ............    TS-28-31
Title III - Hazardous Waste. .......... . .............. . .....    HW-40
Tolerances ........................... ................... ...    P-3, 6, 20-22, 25, 26
Toxic Pollutant Controls ...................................    WQ-5, 6, 15-20, 27-30
                                                                 32,33,36,37,47,
                                                                 55,56-60,70
Treatment Standards ---- . ...................... .............    HW-25 ,26
Tufts University ---- .. . ........ ............................ .    HW-19
UIC Requirements (RCRA) ....................................    HW-28
Underground Injection Control (UIC)... .....................    DW-3, 5, 18,21-23,
                                                                 32,34-36
Underground Storage Tanks Grants... ....................... .    HW-36
Underground Storage Tanks - Regulations and Guidelines .....    HW-30
University Research Centers .................... . ...........    SF-16,22
Uranium Mill Tailing Standards ..... ....... .............. :...    R-16
Visiting Scientists Program ............ . ...................    1-16
Waste Characterization .....................................    HW-16,47
Waste Minimization .......................... . ...... . .......    HW-26,39
Wastewater Treatment Compliance ............................    WQ-61, 62, 65-67
Water Quality Permit Issuances .............................    WQ-36, 37, 70-72
Wellhead Protection ........................................    DW-3, 5, 18, 38, 39, 40
Wetlands (Section 404) .....................................    WQ-4, 19, 42-44
                                       19

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SUMMARY

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

 Justification of  Appropriation  Estimates  for  the  Committee  on  Appropriations

                               Fiscal Year 1989

                                BUDGET SUMMARY

     The President's request for  the Environmental  Protection .Agency's 1989 Budget
totals $4,779,000,000 supported by 14,570 total workyears.  These resources include
$1,629,000,000  and  11,730   workyears  for   the  Agency's  operating   programs,
$1,600,000,000 and  2,750  workyears  for the  Superfund program,  $50,000,000  and  90
workyears  for   the  Leaking   Underground   Storage  Tank   (LUST)  program,   and
$1,500,000,000 for the Construction  Grants program.   When compared to  the Agency's
1988 current estimate, the  President's request  represents  an overall  Increase  of
$160,000,000 and 122 total workyears  to Superfund, LUST, and the operating programs.
The request for  Construction Grants  represents a decrease of $804,000,000 from the
1988 level, which  is in   keeping  with the  President's $12 billion  phaseout of the
program.  The  following   chart  provides  a summary  of  budget authority  for EPA's
seven appropriation accounts.
                  EPA's Budget Authority by Appropriation Account
Salaries & Expenses	
Abatement, Control & Compliance..
Research & Development	
Buildings & Facilities	
       1988
 Current Estimate

.    $765,000,000
     606,192,300
     186,350,000
      23.500.000
   1989
President's
 Request

$800.000,000
 624,000,000
 197,000,000
   8.000.000
 Increase +
 Decrease -
1988 vs 1989

+$35,000,000
 +17,807,700
 +10,650,000
 -15.500.000
    Operating Programs Subtotal.. $1,581,042,300    $1,629,000,000    +$47,957,700
Hazardous Substance Response
  Trust Fund (Superfund)	$1,499,499,800*
Leaking Underground Storage
  Tank Trust Fund	    $39,400,000t>
Construction Grants	 $2,304,000,000
                    $1,600,000,000*   +$100,500,200

                       $50,000,000    +$10,600,000
                    $1,500,000.000   -$804.000,000
    Agency Total	 $5,423,942,100    $4,779,000,000   -$644,942,100

  a The total shown  for  1988  represents  $1,128,000,000  in  new budget authority and
    $371,499,800 in  carryover of  previous  year funds.  The  1989  request shown for
    Superfund is for new  budget authority only.  For 1989 the Agency 1s anticipating
    a carryover of $100,000,000  from  1988 which would  bring the  total  operating
    plan for Superfund to $1,700,000,000.

  b The total shown  for LUST in 1988 represents $14,400,000 in new budget authority
    and $25,000,000  in carryover of previous year funds.

     The 1989 budget was developed within the targets established by the Bipartisan
Budget Agreement between  the  Administration and Congress.   Despite  the reality of
limited Federal resources,  increases have  been  provided for Superfund,  LUST, and
operating programs, as shown in the above chart,  to reaffirm  the President's commit-
ment to provide the resources  necessary to  protect human  health and the environment.

     The following  briefly  describes  the 1989 request, the  purpose,  and the major
changes from the  Agency's  1988 estimates  for each  of  EPA's seven appropriations.
Taken together, the first  four  appropriations (Salaries and  Expenses; Abatement,
Control and  Compliance;   Research  and Development;  and  Buildings  and  Facilities)
constitute the operating programs portion of the Agency's budget.
                                        S-l

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SALARIES AND EXPENSES

     EPA's 1989 request of $800,000,000 represents  an Increase of $35,000,000 (5%)
over the 1988 enacted level  for Salaries and Expenses.  This appropriation finances
salaries and  related  costs  associated  with  administering  the operating  programs
within the  Agency.   It  Incorporates all  costs  exclusive  of  grant programs  and
program-specific contractual  agreements, and  also provides  funding  for  repair and
improvement projects under  $25,000.  The  additional  funding  requested for  1989
represents the amount necessary  to continue Agency activities at the 1988 authorized
level for personnel.

ABATEMENT. CONTROL AND COMPLIANCE

     The Agency is requesting $624,000,000 for the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation, an increase of $17,807,700  (32)  over the 1988  enacted level.   This
appropriation finances contracts,  grants  and cooperative agreements for pollution
abatement, control and compliance activities.  The 1989 request Includes  an increase
of $51,600,000 for the transportation, storage  and  disposal  of cancelled/suspended
pesticides.  Also, the Agency is requesting  a reduction of  $39,200,000  in  funding
for the asbestos-1n-schools  program as previous Federal funding has already  greatly
reduced the problem, and  many  States have Initiated active  asbestos management or
contractor accreditation programs for schools and should be able  to continue these
activities.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

     For 1989  EPA is  requesting $197,000,000  for  the Research  and  Development
appropriation, an increase of $10,600,000  (62)  over the 1988  enacted level.   This
appropriation finances research grants, contracts and agreements  with universities
and private industry, as well as in-house  research,  to produce the scientific know-
ledge and  tools  necessary for  regulating,  preventing and  abating  pollution.   The
Agency plans  to  direct  major increases  in 1989  toward reducing  uncertainties  in
risk assessments,  thereby  increasing  the  Agency's  ability  to  make  effective
decisions on  the  nature  and extent  of environmental  risks,  and for research  on
stratospheric ozone depletion.

BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

     The  Agency  is  requesting  $8,000,000  for  the  Buildings  and   Facilities
appropriation, a  decrease  of   $15,500,000  (662)   from  the   1988  enacted  level.
This appropriation  finances  the construction  of  new facilities  and the  repair,
improvement, alteration, and purchase of  fixed equipment for  facilities which the
Agency currently leases or owns.  In  1988 this appropriation  contained  funding for
an unusually large new facilities construction plan  which was primarily  a one-time
cost.  The President's 1989  request contains $1,900,000 for  the  construction plan
for a facility in Gulf Breeze,  Florida,  and $6,100,000 for repairs and improvements
to existing EPA facilities to continue to ensure  healthy and safe working conditions.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE TRUST FUND

     This appropriation finances the  cleanup  of inactive hazardous  waste sites and
spills of  hazardous  substances.  EPA's 1989  request  of $1,600,000,000  represents
an increase of $100,500,200 (72) over the 1988  current estimate  for Superfund.  In
addition to this  request, the   Agency is  anticipating a carryover  of $100,000,000
in prior year  funds, thus providing  a total of  $1,700,000,000 (+142)  for Superfund
in 1989.  The  Agency is  requesting  2,750  total workyears to  support this funding,
an increase  of  117  workyears  over  the  1988  ceiling.  The requested  increases
reflect the Agency's intention  to sustain  the momentum regained after the reauthor-
ization of  the  Superfund program  in 1986,  and  would  provide  for an  increased
number of  site  designs  and  constructions  1n  1989,  Increased enforcement actions,
more technical  oversight  of  responsible  party  remedial  response actions,  and
expanded research to improve cleanup technology.
                                        S-2

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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND

     The Agency is requesting $50,000,000  supported  by 90 total  workyears In 1989,
an Increase of  $10,600,000 (27%)  and 5 workyears  over the 1988  current estimate.
This appropriation establishes a response program for the prevention and cleanup of
releases from leaking underground petroleum  storage  tanks.  The  requested Increase
will  support  Increased   funding  of  State  Cooperative  Agreements, the primary
mechanism for  implementing  response  actions  and   cleanups  under  this  program.

CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

     This appropriation finances  grants  to local  public agencies for  construction
of municipal wastewater treatment facilities, thereby assisting  States  and local-
ities in  attaining  EPA established   water   quality   standards.   The  President's
request of $1,500,000,000 for the Construction  Grants  appropriation  in 1989 repre-
sents a decrease of $804,000,000  (352) from  the 1988 enacted  level.   This decrease
is in line with the President's plan for a $12 billion phaseout of the Construction
Grants program by 1993.  A key component of this plan 1s the transition from grants
to State Revolving  Funds,  a transition  which is already  underway.   Of  the  funds
requested for 1989, $750,000,000 would be  for construction grants and $750,000,000
would go toward State Revolving Funds.
                                        S-3

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V
                                                              ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                                               Summary  of  Budget  Authority,
                                                            Obligations, Outlays,  and Horkyears
                                                                    By  Appropriation
                                                                 (dollars  In thousands)

Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority 	 $

Out! ays 	 	
Permanent Morkyears.....
Total Workyears 	
Research and Development



Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
Budget Authority 	 $
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority 	 $
Obligations 	
Outlays 	

SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority 	 $1
Obligations 	 1
Outlays 	 1
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Actual
1987
727,107.0
723,315.4
674,379.0
10,841.0
11,176.0
197,500.0
201,486.7
206,239.1
609,685.0
612,828.6
576,419.5
7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9
,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11.176.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 772,955.0
772,955.0
754,434.0
10,603.0
11,459.7
$ 187,600.0
187,902.0
197,981.0
$ 515,085.3
516,611.0
582,592.0
$ 6,000.0
5,880.0
7,733.0
$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11.459.7
Enacted
1988
$ 765,000.0
765,000.0
748,859.0
10,967.0
11,664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606,192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11 fifid n
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 765,000.0
765,000.0
748,859.0
10,967.0
11,664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606,192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
ii RH/I n
Request
1989
$ 800,000.0
800,000.0
791,500.0
10,969.0
11,668.0
$ 197,000.0
196,756.0
170,506.0
$ 624,000.0
624,192.0
631,631.0
$ 8,000.0
8,364.0
18,110.0
$1,629,000.0
1,629,312.0
1,611,747.0
10,969.0
1 1 ceo n

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Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority 	
Obi igatlons 	

Permanent Workyears.. .,
Total Workyears 	
LUST Trust Fund
Budget Authority 	 ,
Obligations •
Outl ays 	 	
Permanent Workyears....
Total Workyears 	 ,
Construction Grants

Obi Igatlons 	
Outlays 	
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obligations 	
Outlays 	 	
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations 	 	
Outlays 	
Actual
1987

,. $1,411,300.0
. 1,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2,174.0

.. $ 50,000.0b
20,324.4
1,330.0
46.0
27.0

.. $2,361,000.0
.. 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0

.. $ 25.5
163.0

.. $ 948 0
89.0
budget
Estimate
1988

$1,198,422.0
1,578,600.0
875.000.0
2,716.0
2,716.0

$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85.0
85.0

$2,000,000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000,0

$ 0.0
275 0

$ 500 0
500.0
Enacted
1988

$1,128,000.0
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,673.0

$ 14,400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80.0
85.0

$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0

$ 1,007.0
275.0

$ 151 0
1.050.0
Current
Estimate
1988

$1,499,499.89
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0

$ 39, 400. Ob
44,076.0
23,330.0
80.0
85.0

$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2.566,000.0

$ 1,007.0
275 0

s 151 n
1.050.0
Request
1989

$1,600,000.0
1.700,000.0
1,205,000.0
2,219.0
2,750.0

$ 50,000.0
50,000.0
31,820.0
85.0
90.0

$1,500,000.0
2,100,000.0
2,377,500.0

$ 1,007 0
275 0

$n n
250.0

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                                                               Budget                      Current
                                                 Actual        Estimate       Enacted      Estimate       Request
                                                  1987          1988          1988          1988          1989
                   Revolving Fund
GO
en

                   TOTAL, EPA
Obligations 	 $
Outlays 	
Misc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations 	 $
Outlays 	
Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations 	 $

Total Workyears 	
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations 	 $

997.0 $
(422.0)

4.0 $
23.0

25,508.0 $
60.0
65.0
13,074.0 $

1,000.0 $
(500.0)

10.0 $
50.0

20,000.0 $
56.0
62.0
52,000.0 $

1,000.0 $
. (500.0)

45.0 $
50.0

20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30 000 0 $

1,000.0 $
(500.0)

45.0 $
50.0

20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000 0 $

1,000.0
(500.0)

30.0
10.0

20,000.0
58.0
62.0
30,000 0

                    Budget Authority	 $5,364,092.0  $4,680,062.3  $5,027,442.3  $5,423,942.1  $4,779,000.0
                    Obligations	  4,831,319.2   5,160,457.0   5,783,324.0   5,783,324.0   5,531,349.0
                    Outlays	  4,924,924.5   4,755,565.0   4,916,314.5   4,916,314.3   5.226,102.0

                    Permanent Workyears	     13,025.0      13,460.0      13,265.0      13,265.0      13,331.0
                    Total Workyears	     13,442.0      14,322.7      14,488.0      14,448.0      14,570.0
                   a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
                   b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated for FY 1987,
                      the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 In 1987
                      and to carry over $25,000,000 into FY 1988.

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  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

   Summary of Budget Authority,
Obligations, Outlays, and Workyears
             By Media
      (dollars 1n thousands)

Air
Obligations 	
Outlays 	


Water Quality
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	

Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears 	
Drinking Water
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	
Outlays 	

Total Workyears 	
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority 	
Obi Igations 	
Outlays 	


Actual
1987
.. $ 247,252.9 $
246,521.6
250,774.1
1,676.2
1,706.9

.. $ 266,925.1 $
270,955.7
239,387.9
1,987.4
2,112.4

.. $ 102,660.3 $
102,531.5
97,284.1
679.2
691.6

.. $ 255,544.3 $
256,401.0
251,921.7
1,360.9
1.413.2
Budget
Estimate
1988
247,163.3 $
246,958.8
238,619.8
1,633.9
1,765.7

236,778.3 $
235,563.5
254,739.1
1,965.8
2,124.6

114,850.1 $
113,661.6
114,490.2
696.6
752.7

254,305.4 $
254,838.6
241,089.1
1,374.1
1.485.4
Enacted
1988
246,278.4
244,081.8
220,690.7
1,637.4
1,747.9

258,874.8
256,453.3
264,975.2
2,121.0
2,245.3

108,103.3
106,984.6
95,690.0
699.7
746.1

262,826.2
262,293.5
246,907.9
1,415.8
1.492.9
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 245,589.5
243,399.0
220.023.1
1,663.7
1,747.9

$ 261,005.5
258,563.0
267,156.2
2,098.5
2,245.3

$ 107,583.3
106,470.0
95,229.7
695.3
746.1

$ 259,105.1
258,580.0
243,412.2
1 386 2
1.492.9
Request
1989
$ 256.666.9
255,319.0
232,208.4
1,643.2
1,747.9

$ 265,784.6
263.301.0
272.328.3
2,101.7
2.235.3

$ 103,480.5
102,525.0
98,666.4
700.9
746.1

$ 262,427.6
261,559.0
251,030.4
1.402 9
1.492.9

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                                          Actual
                                           1987
                                           Budget
                                          Estimate
                                            1988
                       Enacted
                        1988
                        Current
                       Estimate
                         1988
                        Request
                          1989
00

00
            Pesticides

             Budget Authority.
             Obligations	
             Outlays	
             Permanent Workyears.
             Total Workyears	
             Radiation

              Budget Authority.
              Obligations	
              Outlays	,
              Permanent Workyears.
              Total  Workyears	
Noise

 Budget Authority.
 Obligations	
 Outlays	
             Interdisciplinary

              Budget Authority.
              Obligations	
              Outlays	
              Permanent Workyears.
              Total Workyears	
             Toxic Substances

              Budget Authority.
              Obligations	
              Outlays	
              Permanent Workyears.
              Total Workyears	
                             71,526.3
                             71.278.0
                             69,183.1

                                789.0
                                796.9
                              15,561.3
                              15,413.2
                              18.200.5

                                 162.9
                                 177.3
 0.0
 0.0
50.1
                              55,642.5
                              56,187.5
                              61,122.5

                                 553.7
                                 583.5
                             138,787.5
                             135,520.7
                             127,369.5

                                 809.3
                                 815.8
         75,846.9
         75,592.3
         76.403.7

            757.1
            818.2
          14,046.7
          13,884.5
          17,511.4

             153.7
             166.7
  0.0
  0.0
223.7
          56,776.6
          56,482.9
          61,209.7

             556.7
             602.2
          86,096.2
          90,459.9
         119,591.9

             777.2
             839.6
          84,309.2
          84,026.2
          76,802.7

              777.6
              831.7
           18,148.9
           17,939.3
           15.591.6

              168.9
              183.2
  0.0
  0.0
227.7
           60,699.3
           60,385.3
           60,288.2

              573.6
              623.5
          130,444.1
          137,055.5
          151,367.1

              820.3
              873.6
        $  84,231.8   $  137,420.0
           83,949.0      136,531.0
           76,732.2     .115,605.0
              805.5
              831.7
              782.1
              831.7
         $  20,438.1   $  20,799.9
            20,247.0      20,607.0
            17,558.2      18,960.8
               174.4
               183.2
  0.0
  0.0
227.7
              172.2
              183.2
  0.0
  0.0
148.6
         $  61,668.0   $  69,825.4
            61,349.0      69,476.0
            61,250.3      61,890.5
               587.8
               623.5
         $ 130,225.7
           136,826.0
           151.113.7

               845.6
               873.6
              585.7
              623.5
        $  95,007.6
          101.633.0
          131,748.8

              821.6
              873.6

-------
CO
vo

Energy


Outlays 	
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Management and Support


Outlays 	 	 	


Buildings and Facilities

Obligations 	
Outlays 	

SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Eudget Authority 	 $1
Obligations 	 1
Outlays 	 1
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Hazardous Substance
Superfund
f.udget Authority 	 $1
Obligations 	 1
Outlays 	
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears...

Actual
1987
58,157.3
62,636.1
55,652.7
78.0
84.1
322,234.5
320,185.4
286.091.4
2,744.4
2,794.3
7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9
,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11,176.0
,411,300.0
,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2,174.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 55,718.8
55,967.9
58,538.5
76.3
82.6
$ 334,058.0
334,058.0
352,589.9
2,611.6
2,822.0
$ 6,000.0
5.880.0
7,733.0
$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11,459.7
$1,198,422.0
1,578.600.0
875,000.0
2,716.0
2,716.0
Enacted
1988
$ 55,783.1
56,032.5
55,560.5
78.0
80.6
$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,673.7
2,839.2
$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11,664.0
$1.128,000.0
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,673.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 55,620.3
55,869.0
55,398.3
79.0
80.6
$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,631.0
2,839.2
$ 23.500.0
26.218.0
9.995.0
$1,581.042.3
1,583.545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11,664.0
$1,499,499.83
1.499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0
Request
1989
$ 55,457.5
55,867.0
51,289.9
74.6
79.1
$ 354.130.0
354,130.0
359,759.9
2,684.1
2.854.7
$ 8,000.0
8,364.0
18.110.0
$1,629,000.0
1,629,312.0
1,611,747.0
10,969.0
11,668.0
$1.600,000.0
1,700,000.0
1,205,000.0
2,219.0
2.750.0

-------

LUST Trust Fund


Outlays 	
Permanent Workyears . . . .
Total Workyears 	
Construction Grants
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	
Outl ay s 	
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obligations 	
Outlays 	 ,
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Revolving Fund
Obligations 	
Outlays.* 	 	
Misc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Actual
1987

. $ 50, 000, Ob
20,324.4
1,330.0
46.0
27.0

,. $2,361,000.0
. 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0

.'. $ 25.5
163.0

.. $ 948.0
89.0

. . $ 997 0
(422 0)

$ 40
23.0
Budget
Estimate
1988

$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85.0
85.0

$2,000,000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000.0

$ 0.0
275.0

$ 500.0
500.0

$ 1 000 0
(500 0)

t in n
50.0
Enacted
1988

$ 14,400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80.0
85.0

$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0

$ 1,007.0
275.0

$ 151.0
1,050.0

i i oon o
(500 0)


Rn n
Current
Estimate
1988

$ 39, 400. Ob
44,076.0
23,330.0
80.0
85.0

$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2.566,000.0

$ 1,007.0
275.0

$ 151.0
1*050.0

$1 nnn n


$AC f\
45.0
Kn n
Request
1989

$ 50,000.0
50,000.0
31,820.0
85.0
90.0

$1,500,000.0
2,100,000.0
2,377,500.0

$ 1,007.0
275.0

$ 0.0
250.0

$1 nnn n
i I i\flft n)


30.0
in n

-------

Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations 	 $
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Rcimbursements-Superfund
Obligations 	 $

Actual
1987

25,508.0 $
60.0
65.0
13,074.0 $

Budget
Estimate
1988

20,000.0 $
56.0
62.0
52,000.0 $

Enacted
1988

20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $

Current
Estimate
1988

20.000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $

Request
1989

20,000.0
58.0
62.0
30,000.0

TOTAL, EPA

 Budget Authority	 $5,364,092.0  $4,680,062.3  $5,027,442.3  $5,423,942.1  $4,779,000.0
 Obligations	  4,831,319.2   5,160,457.0   5,783,324.0   5,783,324.0   5,531,349.0
 Outlays	  4,924,924.5   4,755,565.0 . 4,916,314.5   4,916,314.3   5,226,102.0

 Permanent Workyears	     13,025.0      13,460.0      13,265.0      13,265.0      13,331.0
 Total Workyears	     13,442.0      14,322.7      14,488.0      14,448.0      14,570.0
a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated in FY 1987,
   the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 in FY 1987
   and to carry over $25,000,000 into FY 1988.

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AIR

-------
                         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                               1989 Budget Estimate

                                Table of Contents
AIR                                                                         A-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Air Quality Research	A-8
          Scientif 1 c Assessment	 A-l5
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	 A-16
          Health Effects	:.. A-17
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	 A-18
          Environmental Processes and Effects	 A-19
          Characterization, Transport and Fate	 A-20
          Stratospheri c Modi f 1 cati on	 A-21
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards	A-24
          Emission Standards & Technology Assessment	 A-27
          Pollutant Strategies & Air Standards Development	 A-28
          State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development	A-30
       Mobile Source Air Pollution Control & Fuel Economy	 A-32
          Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization	A-34
          Testing, Technical & Administrative Support	 A-36
          Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance	 A-37
       State Programs Resource Assi stance	 A-40
          Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)	 A-42
          Training		 A-45
       Air Quality Management Implementation	 A-46
       Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment	 A-51
          Ambient Air Quality Monitoring	 A-53
          Air Quality & Emissions Data Management & Analysis 	 A-55
    ENFORCEMENT
       Stationary Source Enforcement	 A-59
       Mobile Source Enforcement	 A-64
                                      A-l

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                 APPROPRIATION
                                                                    AIR
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                                           (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                  Salaries & Expenses
                  Abatement Control  and
                  Compliance
                  Research & Development

                 TOTAL, A1r
                               $84,701.5  $91,419.6  $88,608.3  $88,608.3  $90,310.5  $1,702.2
                              $124,181.5 $116,224.3 $117,892.7 $117,592.7 $121,224.3  $3,631.6

                               $37,638.6  $39,519.4  $39,777.4  $39,388.5  $45,132.1  $5,743.6

                              $246,521.6 $247,163.3 $246,278.4 $245,589.5 $256,666.9 $11,077.4
>
ro
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
   1,676.2    1,633.9    1,637.4    1,663.7    1,643.2     -20.5
   1,706.9    1,765.7    1,747.9    1,747.9    1,747.9
$250,774.1 $238,619.8 $220,690.7 $220,023.1 $232,208.4 $12,185.3
Authorization for the Clean Air Act expired September 30, 1981.
Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.

-------
                                        AIR


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The Clean Air  Act authorizes a  nationwide program of  air quality  planning,
regulation, enforcement,  and   research  for  control   of air  pollution.   The  EPA
strategy for  implementing  the  nationwide  program  is  based  on six  major  goals:
(1) achieve  National   Ambient  Air Quality  Standards  (NAAQSs)  to  protect  public
health; (2)  reduce  the risk  of exposure to air toxics; (3)  increase the  capacity
and improve the effectiveness of State and local  air quality agencies;  (4)  determine
the-policy  alternatives and  strategy  options  available to  address  stratospheric
ozone depletion, indoor air pollution and acid  deposition; (5)  develop and  support
programs to  maintain   improvements in  air  quality;   and  (6)  conduct  research  to
provide a strong scientific and technical  basis  for regulatory  programs.

Achieve NAAQSs Nationwide

     The establishment  of NAAQSs  at  levels  that protect public health and  prevent
other adverse effects  has  been the keystone  of the national  air quality  program.
The need to  revise the  NAAQSs  is  based  on regular assessment of the most  accurate
and up-to-date  scientific  data available on  the health and  other  effects  of  the
various pollutants.   In 1989, EPA plans to promulgate revised or reaffirmed  NAAQSs
for sulfur dioxide and propose revised  or reaffirmed NAAQSs for  lead.

     EPA's strategy  for achieving the  NAAQS  centers  on  working   with  States  to
complete and  enforce the  State Implementation  Plans  (SIPs)  required  by the  Clean
Air Act.   Although  air quality has generally  improved as a result  of the  measures
in SIPs,  many of  the  SIPs  have  proven  inadequate  to meet NAAQSs  by  statutory
deadlines.

     The NAAQS  for  ozone has  proven to  be  the most difficult standard to  meet.
It is  estimated that   over  50  large  urban  areas,  with  an   affected  population
of over  80 million,  failed  to meet the  standard  by  December 1987,  the  target
date specified in the  Clean  Air 'Act.  In 1987  EPA published  a  proposed  new policy
for dealing with areas  that failed to meet the  ozone  and carbon monoxide  standards
by the statutory deadline  in order to  sustain progress towards meeting the standards.

     The promulgation   of  the  primary  and  secondary   NAAOSs   for  size-specific
particulate matter  (PM10)  in  1987 began  a  major restructuring of  the  existing
programs for  the measurement and  control  of  particulates.  EPA  and  State and local
agencies will  continue a  number of new  activities  during  1989  to  implement  the
revised NAAQSs.

     A continued reduction in  emissions from  motor vehicles will be .a major factor
in meeting  NAAQSs,  particularly  the standards for  ozone,   carbon monoxide,  and
nitrogen dioxide.   To  help ensure that  manufacturers design  and produce  vehicles
that meet  emission  standards throughout  their  useful  lives,  EPA  will  maintain  a
comprehensive Federal   compliance  program.    This  program  includes  preproduction
certification of emission control systems, selective enforcement audits  at manufac-
turers' facilities, and recalls of insufficiently controlled  vehicles.  In 1989 EPA
will promulgate revised light-duty truck hydrocarbon emission  standards.

     Tampering with  vehicle  emission  control   systems and  failing  to  properly
maintain engines  greatly  increase  pollutant  emissions.   Federal  efforts  alone
cannot effectively  address these problems.   EPA will continue  to  work with  State
and local  governments  to  establish  and  maintain  effective vehicle inspection  and
maintenance  programs  and  anti-tampering programs.   At  the beginning  of  the 1988
calendar year, 60 inspection  and maintenance programs and 36 anti-tampering programs
were in operation.
                                        A-3

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     In addition to  remedying SIPs  still  inadequate to  meet NAAQSs  and ensuring
compliance of  in-use vehicles,  the  States  and  EPA will  carry  out  a  vigorous,
comprehensive program  aimed  at  achieving  continuous  compliance  by  stationary
sources, particularly major  sources  in  or affecting areas not meeting the health-
related NAAQSs.  The program  will  emphasize  implementation  of  the  "timely  and
appropriate" guidance, and  the Federally  reportable violations guidance.   In  the
enforcement of  SIPs, sources of  VOCs  affecting  ozone levels in  areas not meeting
standards will  receive particular attention.   Emissions  from these  sources  are of
concern, not  only  because they  contribute to unhealthful  ozone  levels,  but  also
because their components may be air toxics.

Reduce Risk of Exposure to Air Toxics

     In 1989  EPA will  continue  to  implement  a  comprehensive  national  strategy,
first announced in June  1985,  for addressing both  routine and  accidental releases
of air toxics.  The  strategy includes  an enhanced  and  refocused  Federal air toxics
program to address problems that are national  in scope, a new program to help State
and local governments strengthen their capabilities  to deal with air toxics problems
within their boundaries, and an expanded effort to devise strategies to reduce risk
from urban multi-source, multi-pollutant problems.

     As part  of the  Federal air  toxics  program,  EPA will 11st and regulate toxic
air pollutants  under Section  112 of  the Clean  A1r Act.   Decisions  for  Federal
regulatory actions will  be  made for 10-12 chemicals or  source  categories in 1989.
EPA will  also  continue to develop and  promulgate  National  Emission  Standards  for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) for both new  and existing sources.  In 1989  EPA
will have NESHAPs  under  development  for 12 hazardous pollutants.  In addition,  EPA
will promulgate regulations for controlling toxic air emissions  from seven types of
hazardous waste  treatment,  storage, and disposal  facilities.  EPA's  Regional  air
program staff will provide  support  in  delegating  NESHAPs implementation to States,
in addressing air quality problems associated with  Superfund  sites on the National
Priority List, and in issuing the permits required by the Resource Conservation  and
Recovery Act.

     EPA has determined  that  vehicle emissions  are a major  contributor  to  public
health risks from  air  toxics.   In 1989  EPA will  increase  efforts  to control toxic
emissions from  motor vehicles  and vehicle fuels.   The  success  of the program  for
reducing lead in vehicle  fuels  has prompted  the  makers of fuels to  add new  compo-
nents and additives.  In 1989 EPA will take active steps to ensure that substitutes
for lead do not  contribute  to  emissions  of hazardous air pollutants or degrade  the
operation of motor vehicle  emission  controls.  EPA will  also give high priority to
technology assessments  for  new  particulate  control -requirements  for heavy-duty
diesel vehicle  engines  that become  effective  starting with  the  1988  model  year.
The technology  assessments  are  particularly  important to  help ensure that manufac-
turers meet the technology-forcing standards that  apply to buses  beginning in 1991
and to other vehicles beginning in 1994.

     As part  of the  program to help  State and local governments  strengthen their
toxics programs, EPA will continue to negotiate State and local  agencies multi-year
air toxic  program  development  plans  and  provide  support in the  development  and
implementation of  these  plans.   EPA  will  also begin  to stress  implementation  of
previous State  and local  commitments  and to evaluate the  effectiveness of selected
programs.  In  addition,  EPA  will review  State  and local  compliance  programs  to
evaluate their  effectiveness  in  addressing air toxic problems.  Finally,  EPA  will
continue to provide  support for  improving the  understanding and  control  of urban
multi-pollutant, multi-source toxics problems.
                                        A-4

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 Strengthen  State and  Local  Programs

      EPA will  continue to support  State and  local  air  pollution control programs by
 identifying obstacles to  program effectiveness, providing  direct program assistance,
 facilitating information  exchange,  and maintaining  national  monitoring  and data
 management  systems.   The  National  Air  Audit  System,  used to identify obstacles to
 State and local  control agency effectiveness  and to help EPA define more efficient
 and meaningful   national  programs, will  continue on  the biennial cycle  begun in
 1986.  During  1988,  selected State and  key local  agencies are being evaluated using
 national criteria for five  major  program areas:   air quality planning, new  source
 review, compliance  assurance,  air  quality  monitoring,   and   vehicle inspection,
 maintenance, and anti-tampering.  The  results of the  national audit  were used to
 identify both the problems  of individual State and local agencies and more generic
 national problems.

      During 1989, State  and key  local  agencies,  with the  support of EPA Regional
 Offices, will  initiate the  actions necessary to  address  the problems  identified by
 previous audits.  Nationally, EPA will use the results of the  summary reports  from
 previous audits  to  review  and adjust  priorities and  resources  to  better support
 State and local  needs and achieve  the desired environmental  results.

 Address  Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Indoor Air Pollution,  and Acid Deposition

      Section 157 of  the  Clean Air Act  requires EPA to issue regulations to  reduce
 chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)  emissions if the Administrator  of  EPA determines that the
 emissions endanger public health and  the environment.   In response to a suit brought
 by the Natural  Resources  Defense Council, EPA developed and  adopted a  comprehensive
 CFC action  strategy.   To carry  out this strategy, EPA will focus on  developing  a
 national and international  consensus on the nature and magnitude of the CFC problem.
 In 1989  EPA will work to  implement  decisions  on    regulatory  actions  needed to
 control CFCs as  outlined  by the  international protocol signed in  1987.

      Research by  EPA and  others  indicates  that  health  risks result from  indoor
 exposure to air pollutants,  as well  as ambient exposures.  Although  more research
 is needed to better  characterize the contribution of indoor  air  pollution to adverse
.health effects,  EPA  is analyzing  the  policy issues associated with addressing the
 problem.  In 1989 EPA will  continue to examine  how  existing  EPA programs  can be
 adjusted to reduce total  exposure,  indoor and ambient, to  unhealttiful air quality
 and take appropriate follow-up actions.  A  report to  Congress will summarize these
 findings.

      In 1989 EPA will continue an  acid  deposition program that  includes accelerated
 research and analyses  of  policy  and  implementation   issues.  The EPA  Office of
 Research and Development will continue to  develop  the  scientific   and technical
 information required to respond to policy issues.  The Office of Air  and Radiation
 will ensure that research efforts  are focused  on policy  information needs and  will
 review new research  results  for their  policy  implications.  EPA  will,  also continue
 in 1989 to  work with States to  analyze possible implementation  issues associated
 with enactment  of an acid rain control  program.

 Maintain Air Quality

      EPA, States, and  local  agencies  must  protect   the  gains   made  in improving
 environmental  quality.  In  1989 EPA will continue to  develop national, technology-
 based New  Source  Performance Standards  (NSPSs)  for  all  major  source  categories.
 A total  of  five NSPSs will  be  promulgated.   Work on one  NSPS  will  continue and
 developmental work will  be  initiated  for   one of the six  remaining NSPS   source
 categories.
                                      A-5

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Continue Research to Support Regulatory Programs

     In 1989,  the Office  of Research  and  Development  will  continue to  provide
health and  ecological  effects  data,  monitoring  methods  and  support,  models,
assessments, emission reduction technologies,  and quality assurance in support  of
the regulatory  and  public  information needs  of the air  program.   Two significant
changes are reflected in this submission:  a major Increase  in  research on  strato-
spheric ozone depletion and an Increase in Regional ozone modeling.

     The Agency is proposing a major initiative for stratospheric ozone research  as
part of a coordinated interagency effort to fill the knowledge gaps associated with
depletion of stratospheric ozone  and  resulting high levels of ultraviolet light  at
ground level.  The  primary  focus  of this program will  be  on  ecological effects  of
ultraviolet light in  the 290 to  320 nanometer  waveband (UV-B).   Research  on the
effects of UV-B on  food  crops will be expanded  and a  new effort will  be  Initiated
to study UV-B effects in various ecosystems.

     The other major  focus  of the Agency's 1989  program  is  to  increase  compliance
with the National Ambient  Air Quality Standard  for ozone.   Two  research products
are essential to  meet this  goal.   The first  is  Improved  models for predicting the
formation and transport of ozone  over long  distances.  This  area has been expanded
to refine existing  models  and increase their applicability to diverse  areas of the
country.  The  second  area  of critical  research is Improved  technology to  control
emissions of nitrogen  oxides, VOCs, and  other precursors of ozone.   This  program
will remain stable in 1989.
                                        A-6

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    Research
and Development

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
AIR
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Air Quality Research	  A-8
          Scientific Assessment	  A-15
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance..	  A-16
          Heal th Effects	  A-17
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	  A-18
          Environmental Processes and Effects	A-19
          Characterization, Transport and Fate	A-20
          Stratospheric Modification	  A-21
                                      A-7

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              PROGRAM
                                                             AIR
                                                     A1r  Quality  Research
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                                    (DOLLARS IN  THOUSANDS)
>
oo
              Scientific Assessment -
              Air
               Salaries & Expenses
               Research & Development
                                      TOTAL
              Monitoring Systems And
              Quality Assurance - Air
               Salaries & Expenses
               Research & Development
TOTAL
              Health Effects - Air
               Salaries & Expenses
               Research & Development
                                      TOTAL
              Environmental
              Engineering And
              Technology - Air
               Salaries & Expenses
               Research & Development
                                      TOTAL
              Environmental Processes
              And Effects - Air
               Salaries & Expenses
               Research & Development
                                      TOTAL
$3,061.8
$2,330.2
$5,392.0
$6,552.1
$10,354.4
$16,906.5
$7,855.3
$12,228.7
$20,084.0
$3,476.7
$2,882.2
$6,358.9
$727.8
$861.6
$1,589.4
$2,983.1
$2,468.3
$5,451.4
$7,024.6
$9,093.0
$16,117.6
$8,926.4
$12,675.5
$21,601.9
$3,651.8
$3,188.5
$6.840.3
$821.1
$1,976.7
$2,797.8
$2,840.4
$2,167.3
$5,007.7
$6,677.3
$8,960.0
$15,637.3
$8,474.9
$12,977.5
$21,452.4
$3.388.0
$3,378.5
$6,766.5
$756.5
$1,676.7
$2,433.2
$2.840.4
$2.067.3
$4.907.7
$6,677.3
$8.656.2
$15.333.5
$8.474.9
$12,893.6
$21.368.5
$3.388.0
$3,337.0
$6.725.0
$756.5
$1,451.0
$2.207.5
$2,902.6
$2,067.3
$4.969.9
$6.823.5
$7.923.3
$14.746.8
$8.660.5
$12.441.8
$21,102.3
$3.462.2
$2.937.0
$6,399.2
$773.1
$1.451.0
$2.224.1
$62.2
$62.2
$146.2
-$732.9
-$586.7
$185.6
-$451.8
-$266.2
$74.2
-$400.0
-$325.8
$16.6
$16.6

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                                                   AIR
                                           Air Quality Research
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
 Salaries & Expenses            $3,644.6   $4,032.6   $3,806.6   $3,806.6   $3,890.0     $83.4
 Research & Development         $7,059.5   $7,243.3   $7,243.3   $7,336.7   $7,336.7
                        TOTAL  $10,704.1  $11,275.9  $11,049.9  $11,143.3  $11,226.7     $83.4

Stratospheric
Modification Program
 Salaries & Expenses              $179.9     $165.1     $418.0     $418.0     $854.3    $436.3
 Research & Development         $1,922.0   $2,874.1   $3,374.1   $3,646.7  $10,975.0  $7,328.3
                        TOTAL   $2,101.9   $3,039.2   $3,792.1   $4,064.7  $11,829.3  $7,764.6


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses           $25,498.2  $27,604.7  $26,361.7  $26,361.7  $27,366.2  $1,004.5
 Research & Development        $37,638.6  $39,519.4  $39,777.4  $39,388.5  $45,132.1  $5,743.6

Air Quality Research    TOTAL  $63,136.8  $67,124.1  $66,139.1  $65,750.2  $72,498.3  $6,748.1


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -             49.4       54.3       54.3       53.4       53.4
A1r

Monitoring Systems And             115.1      118.0      118.0      115.1      115.1
Quality Assurance - Air

Health Effects - Air               109.7      126.8      126.8      122.6      122.6

Environmental                       58.2       60.3       60.3       58.7       58.7
Engineering And
Technology - Air

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                                                   AIR
                                           Air Quality Research

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                             1988                  1988
                                          REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                           1989     DECREASE -
                                                  1989 VS 1988
Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air

Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air

Stratospheric
Modification Program

TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
       (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

 11.0       14.3       14.3
 57.2
  1.9
402.5
 60.0
  3.0
436.7
 60.0
  3.0
436.7
                       14.1
 57.5
  7.0
428.4
                       14.1
 57.5
 14.
435.4
                                                                                                           7.0
                                                                                                           7.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
I
!-•
o
Scientific Assessment -
A1r

Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance - Air

Health Effects - Air

Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - A1r

Environmental Processes
And Effects - Air

Characterization,
Transport And Fate -
Air
 53.3
116.3
 12.2
 62.9
 54.3
118.0
 14.3
 60.0
 54.3
118.0
 14.3
 60.0
 53.4
115.1
 14.1
 57.5
 53.4
115.1
120.1      126.8      126.8      122.6      122.6

 59.2       60.3       60.3       58.7       58.7
 14.1
 57.5

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                                                 AIR
                                         Air  Quality  Research

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  19R7      ESTIMATE       1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                        (HOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)


Stratospheric                       2.1         3.0         3.0         7.0       14.0       7.0
Modification Program

TOTAL WORKYEARS                   426.1       436.7       436.7       428.4      435.4       7.0

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                                       AIR


                                   Air Research


                          Principal Outputs by Objective


Objective 1.   Provide Scientific Support to Develop and Review Primary and Second-
ary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

1989:  °   Final  Air Quality  Criteria  Document for  Carbon  Monoxide (Scientific
           Assessment)
       0   Publication of a comprehensive research plan to determine the effects of
           ozone on U.S. forests (Environmental Processes)

1988;  °   Repprt on pulmonary function response of normal subjects and individuals
           with sensitive or diseased airways  to ozone and nitrogen dioxide (Health)
       0   Final report on the  NCLAN  national  scientific  meeting (Environmental
           Processes)

1987:  °   User's Guide: Visibility module which converts aerosol  concentration to
           visibility parameters (Characterization)
       0   Journal   articles  on the  effects of  ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the
           pulmonary host defenses of animals (Health)


Objective 2.  Provide Scientific Support to Develop  New Source  Performance Stand-
ards (NSPS) and State Implementation Plans (SIPs)

1989:  °   Report on the development  of the Advacate  process for control  of acid
           gases from combustion sources (Engineering)
       0 '  Report on recommended  modifications to  the  Complex Terrain Dispersion
           Model (Characterization)

1988;  °   Report, recommendations, and supporting evidence on  chemical mechanisms
           for use in regional ozone modeling (Characterization)

1987:  °   Report on field  measurements of  background  volatile organic compounds
           (Monitoring)
       0   User's Guide for PEM-2 Pollution. Episodic Model — Version 2 (Character-
           ization)


Objective 3.  Provide  Scientific Support  to  Develop  Regulations  for  Hazardous
Air Pollutants (HAPsT

1989:  °   Journal  article on the comparative  mutagenicity and  carcinogenicity of
           combustion source emissions (Health)
       0   Report on identities of HAPs produced in the atmosphere  from ubiquitous
           innocuous pollutants (Characterization)

1988:  °   Journal  article on the dosimetry of volatile organic  compounds (Health)
       0   Journal   article on the  assessment of  HAPs  from  light-duty  vehicles
           (Characterization)

19R7:  °   Report on the development, evaluation, and validation of source emission
           monitoring methods for HAPs (Monitoring)
                                          A-12

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Objective 4.   Provide Scientific Support  for the Mobile Source Regulatory Program

1989:   °  Status  report  on population exposure to  mobile source  pollutants for
           1988 (Monitoring)
        0  Journal article on  evaluation of emissions  from diesels -equipped with
           advanced emission control technology (Characterization)

1988:   °  Composition and rate of  emissions during  refueling: impact of  control
           technology (Characterization)

1987:   °  Evaluation of methods for  characterizing evaporative  canister adsorbed
           organics (Characterization)


Objective  5.   Provide Scientific Data Necessary  to Determine Sources, Exposures,
Health Effects, and Control Strategies Associated with Indoor PollutanT?

1Q89;   °  Report on human clinical  studies of effects associated with  exposure to
           volatile organic compounds (Health)
        0  Produce personal computer model for evaluating indoor air quality control
           options (Engineering)

1988:   °  Report on indoor air monitoring methods development (Monitoring)
        0  Report on the use of  biochemical and  bioassay  markers of  exposure to
           environmental tobacco smoke in children (Health)

1987:   °  Report on organic emissions from kerosene heaters (Engineering)


Objective  6.   Provide  Scientific  Data  Necessary to  Determine  the  Effects of
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Develop Control Strategies

1989:   °. Status report on solutions to  stratospheric ozone depletion (Strat Mod)

1988:  '°  Long-term research plan for stratospheric ozone and UV-B effects (Strat
           Mod)

1987:   °  Biennial report to  Congress on stratospheric ozone -modification (Strat
           Mod)
        0  Report  on  the  effect  of  UV-B  radiation  on  energy and  carbon cycling
           through plankton  species  to  important  economic   species   (Strat  Mod)


Objective  7.   Provide Scientific  Data  Necessary to  Determine  the  Effects ~of
Global Warming and Develop Control Strategies:

1989;   °  Implementation plan for global climate change research  program (Strato-
           spheric Modification)

1988:   °  Draft long-range research plan for global climate change research program
           (Stratospheric Modification)

1987;   °   Initiate research program on global climate change (Stratospheric Modi-
            fication)


Objective 8.   Provide  Scientific  Data  and  Support  to the  National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-IIiy

1989;   °   Status report on NHANES-III cooperative research  (Health)

1988:   °   Initiate cooperative research project under NHANES-III (Health)
                                         A-13

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                                       AIR


                               Air Quality Research
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of  $72,498,300 supported by 435.4 total  workyears
for 1989,  an  increase of $6,748,100 and  7.0  total  workyears from  1988.   Of the
request, $27,366,200  will   be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and
$45,132,100 will  be  for the  Research  and Development  appropriation,  increases of
$1,004,500 and  $5,743,600,  respectively.   The Indoor air research  program  will be
funded at $3,598,200 1n 1989.

Program Description

     This research program provides the research and technical support necessary to
enable the Agency to carry out its regulatory and Information transfer responsibil-
ities under the Clean Air  Act.  The  following objectives support  these efforts:
     Objective 1.   Provide Scientific Support to Develop  and  Review Primary  and
Secondary NAAQS.Thisresearchprogram  provides  the  scientific  data  needed  to
                                                                           lary
	                                                            sedei
issue andrevise national  standards  for  emissions  of  criteria  air pollutants.
     Objective 2.   Provide  Scientific Support to  Develop  NSPS  and  SIPs.  This
research supports  issuance  and revision  of New  Source  Performance  Standards and
State Implementation Plans through development  of  models and monitoring techniques
for air pollutants and engineering studies of control technologies.

     Objective 3.   Provide  Scientific  Support to Develop Regulations for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants (HAPs).Under this objective EPA conducts research to identify
and control emissions of air pollutants from a variety of. sources that are hazardous
to human heaTth but are not al'ready regulated as criteria air pollutants.

     Objective 4.   Provide  'Scientific  Support  for  the  Mobile  Source Regula-
tory Program.This research evaluatesemissions, exposure patterns and health ef-
fects of mobile source pollutants.

     Objective  5.   Provide  Scientific Data  Necessary to  Determine Sources, Ex-
posures', Health Effects, and Control  Strategies Associated with Indoor  Pollutants.
Research conducted, under this objective supports the Agency's efforts to inform the
public about hazards associated  with  indoor air pollutants  and  to develop methods
to control air emissions from major sources.

     Objective  6.   Provide Scientific Data Necessary to  Determine the Effects of
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and  Develop  Control  Strategies. This research pro-
gram is primarily concerned with providing necessary data on the effects of strato-
spheric ozone  depletion and  resulting increases  in harmful  (UV-B)  radiation  on
plants, ecosystems, and air quality.

     Objective  7.  Provide Scientific  Data  Necessary to Determine the Effects of
Global  Warming  and  Develop  Control ._ Strategies.   This  objective addresses the
research needed to determine the impact of global climate change, to help understand
the regional consequences of global climate trends, and to develop and test predic-
tive source and sink models for important trace gases.

     Objective 8.   Provide ^Scientific Data  and  Support  to the National  Health
and Nutrition  Examination Survey  (NHANES-III).Activities in support of this ob-
jective provide data on  exposure  to  pollutants, body burdens,  and health effects,
through NHANES-III.
                                         A-14

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SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $4,969,900  supported  by 53.4 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $2,902,600 will be for  the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $2,067,300 will be  for  the Research  and Development  appropriation.   This
represents an increase of $62,200 in the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and  no
change in the Research  and  Development appropriation  or total  workyears.  The in-
crease in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects  a .general  enhancement  of
inhouse support for assessing risks from air pollutants.

     Provide Scientific Support to Develop and  Review  Primary and  Secondary NAAQS.
Evaluations of the  NAAQS for  ozone, and  other  photochemical  oxidants and  lead  will
be provided to the program, office in preparation  for the next mandated  revision  of
these standards.  Work  on  revising  the criteria document for CO will be  conducted
and new information will  be  gathered  to support  revision  of the PMio/SOx criteria
document.

     Provide  Scientific  Support to Develop Regulations  for Hazardous   Air Pollu-
tants"Finalcomprehensive  Health Assessment Documents  (HADs)willbe  completed
for two chemicals,  External  Review  Drafts (F.RD)  will  be prepared  for one to  three
chemicals and Tier 1 screening documents will be completed  for four to six chemicals
to provide the  Office of Air  and  Radiation (OAR) with data to  evaluate hazardous
air pollutants.  Technical  assistance  will be provided  to the Regions and States
on issues related to air toxics.  The new Health Risk  Information Center, initiated
in 1988, will  be expanded.  Work on mobile source  pollutants  and inhalation reference
doses for air toxics will be conducted.

     Provide  Scientific  Data  Necessary to  Determine  Sources, Exposures, Health
Effects and  Control Strategies Associated with Indoor Pollutants.   In  support  <5f
the Agency's  indoor air implementation  plan,  researchers  .wil 1 develop  and  refine
methods to determine the effects of indoor air pollution  on human health.  Research
will include exposure assessments, risk analyses and  literature searches.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a  total of $4,907,700 supported  by 53.4 to-
tal workyears for this  program,  of which  $2,840,400  is  from the  Salaries and Ex-
penses appropriation and $2,067,300 is from the Research  and Development appropria-
tion.  Work on revising the PMjo/SOx, and CO criteria  documents is  being conducted.
An issue  paper  on the health  effects  of  acid aerosols  is  being  prepared.   Final
HADs for  two  chemicals,  ERDs for  three to six  chemicals, and  Tier  1  screening
documents for four to six chemicals are being prepared.  In addition, a  new source-
category document to  assist  in  determining risks  and  a  Health  Risk  Information
Center are being initiated.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $5,392,000   supported  by 53.3  total
workyears for this  program,  of which $3,061,800  was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,330,200  was  from the Research and  Development  appropriation.
An addendum to  the  PM10/SOX criteria document was  completed and  work  began  on  an
issue paper  on  the  health effects  of  acid aerosols.   One  HAD, three ERDs, and  12
Tier I documents were completed.
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 MONITORING  SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

 1989 Program Request

      The Agency  requests a total  of $14,746,800 supported by 115.1 total workyears
 for this program,  of which $6,823,500 will be for the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
 priation and $7,923,300  will  be for  the Research  and Development appropriation.
 This represents  an Increase of $146,200 in the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
 a decrease  of $732,900 in the Research and Development  appropriation, and no change
 In total workyears.   The  Increase  in   the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation
 reflects a  general  enhancement of Inhouse support for  the monitoring program.  The
 reduction In the  Research and  Development  appropriation Indicates a  decrease in
 the effort  devoted to evaluation and development of ambient  and source monitoring
 methods, particularly for  hazardous  air  pollutants (HAPs).   Given the remaining
 base program in  air  monitoring and  the emphasis  in recent years on methods develop-
 ment, this  decrease  will  not  seriously  affect  the  Agency's  ability to accurately
 measure levels of  air pollutants.
      Provide Scientific  Support to Develop and  Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
 To further enhance the Agency's ability to measure levels of criteria air pollutants,
 ambient monitoring systems will be evaluated, improved, and standardized.  Emphasis
 will  be placed. on improving methods to monitor ambient concentrations of parti cul ate
 matter to support the new PMio standard and visibility studies In the eastern U.S.
      Provide Scientific  Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs.  Monitoring  and measure-
 ment methods will  be developed for new  standards, to assess long-term needs and to
 determine effects  on health  and  welfare.   Quality assurance will  be provided and
 certified reference materials will be  distributed to users.

      Provide Scientific  Support   to Develop  Regulations for  Hazardous  Air Pollu-
 tants"   Development and  evaluation of ambient, source and personal monitoring sys-
 tems for potential  HAPs  will  support the Agency's responsibilities under the Clean
 Air Act to  identify hazardous air  pollutants.   The Toxic  Air  Monitoring System
 (TAMS)  will  also provide data on HAPs.  Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
 studies will  be conducted in one  urban  area to  determine  levels  and major sources
 of human exposure  to about 20-25 potential  HAPs.  As part of a multi -disciplinary
 effort  to characterize and assess risks from  complex  urban  air mixtures, advanced
 monitoring methods  will  be developed.   In addition, quality  assurance support and
 monitoring support  to the Integrated  Air  Cancer Project  (IACP)  will  be provided.

      Provide Scientific  Support to the Mobile  Source Regulatory  Program.  Work to
 extend  the CO human  exposure modeling methodology to  benzene,  N02, formal dehyde ,
 and other mobile source-related  pollutants  will  be  conducted.   Human activity ex-
 posure  models will  be developed,  refined and field-tested.  Monitoring exposures of
 drivers and  passengers  to   toxic  chemicals  while  traveling  will  also  begin.

      Provide  Scientific   Data  Necessary  to  Determine  Sources, Exposures, Health
 Effects,  and Control Strategies   Associated with  Indoor  PollutantsJ   In support
 of the  Agency's indoor  air  implementation  plan, additional   exposure  assessment
 studies  in  homes  and office buildings  will be initiated and area monitors will be
 developed and refined.  In addition,  based on earlier  field study results,  survey
 and measurement methods  will  be  refined and  used to relate  indoor  air quality to
 exposure.


 1988 Program

      In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $15,333,500 supported  by 115.1
 total workyears  for this program, of which $6,677,300 is from the Salaries and Ex-
 penses  appropriation and $8,656,200  is from the  Research and Development appropri-
 ation.   Ambient  and source monitoring  systems, including remote sensing and person-
. al monitors, are being evaluated and  improved.  The TAMS  is  supporting efforts to
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determine the presence and concentrations of hazardous air pollutants.  Results  of
three TEAM studies are  being  analyzed to determine human exposure to volatile or-
ganic compounds.  In  the  indoor  air  monitoring program,  exposure to  indoor  pollu-
tants is being determined.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total of  $16,906,500 supported  by  116.3 total
workyears for this program, of which  $6,552,100 was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,354,400 was from the Research  and  Development  appropriation.
An interim report on  visibility  was completed.  Methods  for  measuring  non-methane
organic compounds were  developed.  TEAM  and  TAMS  were used extensively in  support
of ORD's  interdisciplinary program  to study complex  mixtures of urban pollutants
and a four-volume report on the TEAM study was  published.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $21,102,300 supported by  122.6 total  workyears
for this program, of  which $8,660,500 will be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation and $12,441,800  will  be for the  Research and  Development  appropriation.
This represents an increase of $185,600  in the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and a decrease  of $451,800 in the Research and Development appropriation, with  no
change in total workyears.  The increase  in  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
reflects a general enhancement of inhouse  support  for the health effects research
program and the decrease  in  the  Research and  Development appropriation reflects  a
reduction in  health  effects  research on  criteria and  hazardous air  pollutants.
This reduction,  will   have  minimal programmatic  impact  given the  remaining  base
programs for  HAPS and  NAAQS  health  effects  research.   Of  the  total   request,
$3,000,000 will be provided to the Health Effects  Institute  (HEI).

     Provide Scientific  Support to Develop and   Review Primary and Secondary  NAAQS.
Acute and subchronic exposure to criteria air  pollutants will  be  studied, with em-
phasis on determining the respiratory and  immunological effects of 03,  N02, S02
and inhalable particles.  Work on the development  of theoretical  models  of respira-
tory tract deposition,  with the  goal  of  providing more  accurate  estimates  of pol-
lutant dose  to the  lung, will  improve  animal  to  man  extrapolation  estimates.
Health risks to  susceptible  subpopulations such as  children  and asthmatics,  epi-
demiology studies on  chronic  cardiopulmonary  effects  of ambient and  indoor combina-
tions of pollutants,  and  the  cardiovascular  effects of  chronic  low-level  exposure
to CO will  also  be   investigated.   The  Health Effects  Institute will   study the
effects of NAAQS pollutants.   Data  from  the  case-control study  of  lung  cancer  in
China will also be analyzed.

     Provide Scientific   Support  to   Develop  Regulations for Hazardous  Air  Pollu-
ants.Tierbioassayswill  continueto  assess   themutagenicand carcinogenic
effects of vapor phase  mixtures.  Dose-response  studies  will  continue  for  several
compounds, to  be decided  based  upon the  results  of  initial  screening  assays.
These studies will determine  the effects of  acute exposures.  Using  the  data  from
the Boise study  and  pilot studies conducted to  date, new research  under the  IACP
likely will  focus on  mobile  source  emissions  and  residential  oil combustion  emis-
sions.

     Provide  Scientific  Support  to  the Mobile Source   Regulatory   Program.  The
Health Effects Institute will  study  the human  health effects of mobile source emis-
sions.  Studies on the health effects of  motor  vehicle fuels and  additives,  includ-
ing methanol, will also  be conducted.
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     Provide Scientific  Data  Necessary  to  Determine  Sources, Exposures. Health
Effects,  and  Control Strategies Associated with  Indoor  Pollutants^In support
of the Indoor air Implementation plan, health effects  research  will  emphasize com-
bustion products, the sick building syndrome, volatile organic compounds> and envi-
ronmental  tobacco smoke.  Results  of  these studies will be used to  develop health
risk assessments.  In addition to these  studies,  research  to  compare neurological,
respiratory, and mutagenic potencies of selected Indoor pollutants will  be conduct-
ed and dose-response studies will begin.

     Provide Scientific  Support to the National Health  and Nutrition  Examination
Survey (NHANES-IIlflThe National  Health and  Nutrition   Survey  (NHANES-III)  will
begin to gather  new  data on the health and  nutritional status  of the U.S. popula-
tion late in calendar year  1988.  In  support of  NHANES-III,  final development and
pilot testing of field and laboratory  test protocols will  be completed.   These pro-
tocols will  be used to obtain  national  baseline data  on exposure, body burden, and
health effects of common environmental pollutants, such as lead and cadmium.  Trend
analysis of the  NHANES exposure  and dose measurements data will provide the Agency
with beneficial   information  on  the progress being achieved by  various  Agency pro-
grams.

198B Program

     In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a  total  of $21,368,500  supported  by 122.6
total workyears  for  this program,  of which $8,474,900 1s from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $12,893,600 1s  from  the Research and Development appro-
priation.  The respiratory,  metabolic, and immune  system effects of  acute and sub-
chronic exposures to  criteria pollutants  are  being studied.   Species  sensitivity
and dosimetry studies  are being  conducted  to  support the extrapolation  program.
The toxicity of  criteria pollutants and  mobile  source pollutants are being studied
by the  Health  Effects  Institute.   Studies  of the health effects  of  indoor air
pollutants are being  expanded, to focus  on improving biomarkers  and to  determine
the health effects of  volatile  organic compounds.  Support for  the  third National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) is being  provided.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total  of  $20,084,000  supported  by  120.1 total
workyears for this program,   of which  $7,855,300 was  from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $12,228,700 was  from the Research  and  Development  appropriation.
Clinical studies conducted to support  revision of the one-hour NAAQS  for ozone indi-
cated significant symptoms and pulmonary function changes  following exposure to low
concentrations of ozone for  extended periods of time.   In  the  Integrated Air Cancer
Program, the genotoxic components  of  an air-shed containing  large amounts of wood
smoke were isolated.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $6,399,200 supported by 58.7 total workyears for
this program, of which $3,462,200  will  be for  the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,937,000  will  be  for the  Research and  Development appropriation.  This
represents an increase  of $74,200 in  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
a decrease  of  $400,000  in   the  Research  and   Development  appropriation,  with  no
change in total  workyears.  The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a  general  enhancement  of inhouse  support  for air  engineering  research.
The reduction in the Research and Development appropriation reflects  the completion
of a one-year study on methanol in power plants.
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     Provide Support to Develop NSPS and SIPs.  To support attainment  of the ozone
standard, control technology  research  on NOX,  an ozone  precursor,  will emphasize
the demonstration of  reburning using a  cyclone  boiler  as a means  of  control.  In
addition, since  recent  research  indicates that  acid  aerosols have the potential to
cause adverse effects on  human health  and the environment,  the  control  technology
program will work on  development  of  improved  sorbents for spray drying and dry in-
jection flue gas desulfurization  systems to curb emissions  of  SOX,  a  precursor to
the formation of acid aerosols.

     Provide Scientific  Support to Develop .Regulations for  Hazardous  Air Pollu-
ants.Given the wide  variety of hazardous  air  pollutants  present  in  the environ-
ment, there  is  a pressing  need  to  develop and  evaluate technologies  to  control
emissions of these  pollutants.   In  order  to  protect the  public health  from HAP
emissions, additional resources will be provided to support the Agency's Air Toxics
Control Implementation Strategy including rapid-response engineering and laboratory
investigations.    Focused  control  assessments  and  technology  development  will
continue for key air  toxic  sources.   A control   strategy  for volatile  organic com-
pounds will  be   developed  jointly  with  OAR  to  deal  with ozone  nonattainment.

     Provide  Scientific  Data  Necessary to  Determine  Sources, Exposures, Health
Effects, and  Control Strategies  Associated with Indoor Pollutants.In support of
the Agency's indoor  air  implementation  plan,  research onsource characterization
and control technology will be conducted.   The  emphasis will be on determining the
contribution of various sources to indoor pollution and on developing and validating
mitigation methods.    Methods   to  measure ventilation  systems  will  be  developed,
materials used in buildings will  be surveyed, and the  performance  of  air cleaners
and ventilation systems will be evaluated.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating  a total of $6,725,000  supported by 58.7 total
workyears for this  program, of which $3,388,000  is  from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $3,337,000  is  from  the  Research  and  Development appropriation.
S0£ and NOX control  technologies  are being  researched.  Technical support for NSPS
compliance and new source control  evaluation is being provided to Regions  and States.
Control assessments  and  technology  development  are  being done  for  key  air toxics
sources.  An initial  survey is underway to determine the  engineering  needs, espe-
cially VOC  control  and  ozone  attainment.   Indoor air  source  characterization and
control technology studies are being expanded.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a total  of  $6,358,900 supported  by  59.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,476,700  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,882,200  was from  the  Research  and Development appropriation.
In the  indoor  air program, source  characterization procedures  were  developed and
emission rates  were measured  from   a   number  of building  materials  and  kerosene
space heaters.   A  promising  new sorbent  technology  for S02  removal  from stack
emissions was developed.  To  provide rapid-response air  toxics  control  technology
support, the Control Technology Center was established.  Field  testing of woodstoves
uncovered emissions technology problems under conditions of  home use.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $2,224,100  supported by  14.1  total workyears
for this program, of which $773,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $1,451,000  will be  for the Research and Development appropriation.  This
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represents an Increase  of  $16,600  1n  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change  1n  the Research and  Development  appropriation or total  workyears.  The
Increase 1n the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of Inhouse support for determining  the effects of air  pollutants on the environment.

     Provide Scientific Support  to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Based on recent  research, EPA  has determined that tropospheMc ozone Is a major con-
tributor to forest damage.  Therefore,  1n  response to this  research and to support
the development of secondary ozone standards, a new program to study the effects of
ozone on forests, begun 1n  1988, will be significantly  enhanced.  This comprehensive,
long-term study  will  focus on  several  commercial  forest species  and will  include
preliminary dose-response studies, exposure scenarios, and risk evaluations.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,207,500 supported by 14.1 total
workyears for this  program,   of which $756,500 1s  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $1,451,000  is from  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
Studies of crop  exposure dynamics,  based on data generated through the  National Crop
Loss Assessment  Network, will be  completed.   A  new program to  study the effects of
ozone on forests will be Initiated.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a  total  of  $1,589,400 supported  by 12.2 total
workyears for this  program,  of  which  $727,800  was from the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $861,600 was from  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
An international  workshop  was  held  to summarize, analyze,  and  disseminate  the
findings of the National   Crop  Loss  Assessment  Network  (NCLAN).   A  study  of crop
exposure dynamics, using data generated by NCLAN,  was  initiated.


CHARACTERIZATION. TRANSPORT. AND FATE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of $11,226,700 supported by  57.5 total  workyears
for this program, of  which $3,890,000 will  be for  the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $7,336,700 will  be  for  the  Research and  nevelopment appropriation.
This represents an  increase of  $83,400 in  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change  to the  Research and  Development appropriation  or  total  workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general  enhance-
ment of inhouse support for  development  of  models  to  predict the  existence  and
movement of air pollutants.

     Provide Scientific Support  to Develop and Review Primary and Secondary NAAQS.
Attainment of the PMjg standard  is an emerging issue.In  support of  PM^g attainment,
modeling techniques will be developed  to assess the contribution  of fine particles
to visibility  reduction in the atmosphere,  with  emphasis  on various  components
of fine particles such  as  sulfates, organics, and  carbon soot.  Work on developing
air pollutant damage  functions  will  be performed.  Specifically,  air quality data
obtained through field studies will be used to develop risk assessments for partic-
ulate matter damage to materials.

     Provide Scientific Support  to  Develop  NSPS  and SIPs.   In view of  emerging
needs related toozone attainment, special mechanisticstudies will  be  conducted
to increase the  accuracy  of  air  quality models to predict  ozone  levels.    A non-
attainment city will  be chosen  for a  case study.   The  Regional  Oxidant Model will
be extensively  used  to  determine  the   impact of a  variety of VOC  and NOx  emission
abatement strategies for ozone  control,  with  emphasis on the northeast.  Chemistry
                                           A-20

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and dispersion components of urban  scale participate models will  be  completed with
emphasis on the atmospheric  chemistry of nitrate and organic aerosols.   Work  will
be initiated to assess  the  impact  of  lower  level  emitting sources  of  particulate
matter in stagnant valleys.  Version  7 of  UNAMAP will  be completed,  thus providing
the user community with updated air quality models.

     Provide Scientific Support  to Develop  Regulations for  Hazardous   Air Pollu-
tants'!In order to  increase the Agency's  understanding  of how HAPs  are formed and
to estimate their expected lifetime in the atmosphere, laboratory and field studies
will be conducted  to determine the atmospheric  reaction rates  and  transformation
products of HAPs under  Agency  review.  HAP chemistry will be studied under condi-
tions that simulate atmospheric conditions.  Studies will  be  conducted  to identify
potential HAPs produced in  air from innocuous pollutants.  As part  of  ORD's  Inte-
grated Air Cancer  Project,   studies will  be conducted  to examine  the  formation,
stability, and transformation of volatile and aerosol bound organics and  potentially
carcinogenic materials in the  atmosphere.   This  research will help  identify  those
HAPs which warrant further study.

     Provide Scientific Support to the Mobile Source Regulatory  Program.  As a  re-
sult of recent  data  indicating that  emissions  from  gasoline pumps  may  present  a
substantial risk to  human health,  research  on  mobile source control technologies
for evaporative emissions will be  evaluated.   Studies  will  also be conducted  to
develop analytical  procedures  for  characterizing  motor  vehicle emissions and  to
develop procedures for laboratory simulation of  roadway driving  conditions.  Tail-
pipe, evaporative,  and refueling emissions  will  be characterized, to include  both
regulated and selected  unregulated emissions.   The emissions associated  with  the
use of alternative fuels,  such as  methanol  blends,  will  be characterized.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $11,143,300  supported  by 57.5 to-
tal workyears for this, program, of which $3,806,600 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,336,700  is from  the  Research and  Development  appropriation.
Research to improve  air quality models continues, with  emphasis  on  regional  ozone
modeling and urban and regional modeling of inhalable  particles.   Visibility reduc-
tion due to fine particles and the  impact  of pollutants  on important materials in-
cluding paint are being studied.  The model to assess the dispersion of  S0£ on the
windward side of mountains is being completed.  Studies are being conducted to deter-
mine the levels  of hazardous  air  pollutants found  in   urban  atmospheres.   Mobile
source emissions are being  characterized from vehicles  equipped  with new emission
control devices.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a  total of $10,704,100 supported by 62.9 total
workyears for this program,  of  which  $3,644,600  was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,059,500 was  from the Research and  Development  appropriation.
Studies were completed on  the emission rates of gaseous hydrocarbons  during vehicle
refueling.  Other studies investigated the impact of fuel volatility and methanol
fuel on evaporative emissions.  A computer model which quantitatively describes the
formation and removal of ambient particulate matter was  developed.


STRATOSPHERIC MODIFICATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $11,829,300 supported by 14.0 total  workyears
for this program, of  which $854,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $10,975,000 will  be for  the Research  and Development appropriation.   This
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represents Increases of  $436,300  and $7,328;300  respectively,  and an  Increase  of
7.0 total workyears.  Stratospheric Modification research will be significantly ex-
panded In 1989 to  support the Administration's initiative  on  stratospheric ozone.
The recent  Montreal  Protocol  focused International  attention  on  the problem  of
stratospheric ozone depletion and set deadlines for  decisions  on tightening exist-
ing controls on  ozone depleting CFCs by 1994.  The resource Increases will provide
for an expanded research program on  the effects of ozone depletion and the resulting
increases in UV-B  radiation  on human health  and  the environment.  The results  of
this research will  be used by Agency policymakers  before recommending any  addition-
al controls in 1994.

     Provide Scientific Data Necessary to  Determine the  Effects  of Stratospheric
Ozone  Bepletion  and  Develop  Control   Technologies"!  One outcome of the Montreal
Protocol on stratospheric ozone depletion was the  commitment that initial  decision-
making regarding tightened  controls of  chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) will be made  by
1994.  In view of this  short  time  frame, ORD will significantly increase Its efforts
to determine the ecological  effects of  ultraviolet light in  the 290-320  nanometer
wave band (UV-B).   One  goal  of this  research will  be to determine the effects  of
UV-B on  aquatic  ecosystems Including impacts on  shellfish and  finflsh.   Specific
aquatic ecosystems will  be  chosen  following completion  in  1988 of a long-range
research plan  for  stratospheric  ozone.   In addition  to  the  ecological  effects
research, ORD will  evaluate CFC and  halon  control  technologies; conduct  research
on immune and  other  human health effects  resulting  from increased levels  of UV-B
radiation; monitor the effects of increased UV-B  on  other tropospheric pollutants;
and conduct decision support  research to assess and  integrate  the  data collected.

     Provide Scientific  Data Necessary  to Determine the Effects of Global   Warming
and Develop Control Strategies.Due to  increasing national and international  con-
cern over the potential for global  climate  change resulting from pbllutants in the
troposphere and  stratosphere,  ORD  initiated  a  global climate  research program  in
1988 which  will  continue in  1989.  Ecological  system  sensitivities  to  climate
changes will be  studied and regional maps of  the  projected  consequences of climate
change will  be developed.  Ecological methods development will  focus  on estimating
the potential changes  in  such major  resources  as croplands, forests,  and surface
water availability and quality.'   Atmospheric  modeling will  expand to Include esti-
mates of  regional   consequences   of  tropospheric and  stratospheric  air  quality
changes.  This research will be developed and conducted in  close coordination  with
the National Aeronautics  and  Space  Administration, the  National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration,  and other  relevant Federal  agencies.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of  $4,064,700 supported by  7.0 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $418,000  is from the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $3,646,700  is  from the  Research and Development  appropriation.
Long-term plans for global climate change research and stratospheric ozone  research
are being developed.  Ongoing research on the effects of UV-B  on cereal  grain crops
forests and commercial  marine fisheries will  continue.   ORD will provide  technical
support to the Agency in developing  policies on  global warming and control  of CFCs.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of  $2,101,900  supported by 2.1 total work-
years for this program, of which  $179,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,922,000 was  from  the Research and Development  appropriation.   Re-
search on the effects of UV-B radiation on crops including wheat and soybeans and  on
aquatic species was conducted. A report was prepared on progress-to-date in studying
the ecological effects of UV-B radiation and  a report was also  prepared on control
options analyses for CFC user industries.   In  response  to growing  concerns,  the
Agency initiated a global warming research program.
                                       A-22

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Abatement and Control

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page
AIR

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Air Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards	  A-24
          Emission Standards & Technology Assessment	  A-27
          Pollutant Strategies & A1r Standards Development	A-28
          State Program Policy Guidelines & Regulations Development	  A-30
       Mobile Source Atr Pollution Control & Fuel Economy	A-32
          Emission Standards, Technical Assessment & Characterization	A-34
          Testing, Technical A Administrative Support	A-36
          Emissions & Fuel Economy Compliance	  A-37
       State Programs Resource Assistance	  A-40
          Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants)	  A-42
          Training	  A-45
       A1r Quality Management Implementation	A-46
       Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment	A-51
          Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.	  A-53
          Air Quality & Emissions Data Management & Analysis 	  A-55
                                        A-23

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 I
ro
                                                                  AIR
                                          A1r Quality 4 Stationary Source Planning 4 Standards

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

                 PROGRAM
                 Emission Standards  4
                 Technology Assessment
                  Salaries 4 Expenses             $5,177.7    $5,657.9   $5,356.7    $5,356.7    $4,645.8    -$710.9
                  Abatement Control  and           $8,757.4    $7,579.7   $7,579.7    $7,279.7    $5,699.7 -$1,580.0
                  Compliance
                                        TOTAL   $13,935.1  $13,237.6  $12,936.4  $12,636.4   $10,345.5 -$2,290.9
                 Pollutant Strategies  4
                 A1r Standards
3,                Development
 Salaries 4 Expenses            $4,409.5    $4,693.5    $4,654.3    $4,654.3    $5,043.0    $388.7
 Abatement Control  and          $7,207.0    $2,935.0    $6,935.0    $6,407.9    $5,277.9 -$1,130.0
 Compliance
                        TOTAL  $11,616.5    $7,628.5   $11,589.3   $11,062.2   $10,320.9   -$741.3

State Program Policy
Guidelines 4
Regulations Development
 Salaries 4 Expenses            $2,565.4    $2,616.9    $2,844.5    $2,844.5    $3,456.9    $612.4
 Abatement Control  and            $870.6      $477.7   .   $477.7      $766.6    $1,376.6    $610.0
 Compliance
                        TOTAL   $3,436.0    $3,094.6    $3,322.2    $3,611.1    $4,833.5  $1,222.4


TOTAL:
 Salaries 4 Expenses           $12,152.6   $1.2,968.3   $12,855.5   $12,855.5   $13,145.7    $290.2
 Abatement Control  and         $16,835.0   $10,992.4   $14,992.4   $14,454.2   $12,354.2 -$2,100.0
 Compliance

Air Quality 4           TOTAL  $28,987.6   $23,960.7   $27,847.9   $27,309.7   $25,499.9 -$1,809.8
Stationary Source
Planning & Standards

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              PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                                   AIR
                                           A1r Quality & Stationary Source Planning & Standards

                                               ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                           1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
r\»
(71
Emission Standards &
Technology Assessment

Pollutant Strategies 4
A1r Standards
Development

State Program Policy
Guidelines &
Regulations Development

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                  96.1      105.5      105.5      101.9
                                                  75.6
                                                  50.1
92.4
47.9
92.4
47.9
87.8
52.4
                                 87.5     -14.4
87.8
63.3      10.9
                                                 221.8      245.8      245.8      242.1      238.6      -3.5
              TOTAL WORKYEARS
              Emission  Standards &
              Technology Assessment

              Pollutant Strategies 4
              A1r  Standards
              Development

              State Program  Policy
              Guidelines &
              Regulations Development
                                    99.7      105.5      105.5      101.9
                                    79.9
                                    51.2
92.4
47.9
92.4
47.9
87.8
52.4
                                 87.5     -14.4
87.8
63.3      10.9
               TOTAL  WORKYEARS
                                   230.8      245.8      245.8      242.1      238.6      -3.5

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                                    AIR


         Air Quality and Stationary Source Planning and Standards


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $25,499,800  supported  by 238.6 total  workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $809,900 and 3.5 total workyears from 1988.  Of the request,
$13,145,600 will  be for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  and  $12,354,200
will be  for  the Abatement, Control  and Compliance  appropriation, an  increase  of
$290,100 in the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation and a decrease of $1,100,000 in
the Abatement, Control  and Compliance  appropriation.

Program Description

     The program areas under this subactivlty Include:

     Emission Standards and Technology Assessment — This  program  provides  for the
establishment, review, and revision of national  emission  standards for stationary
sources under Sections 111 and 112 of the Clean  Air Act.   Section  111 requires EPA
to establish  New   Source  Performance  Standards  (NSPSs).   Section 112  authorizes
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).

     NSPSs reflect  the performance of  the  best demonstrated  control  systems for
reducing emissions.  The  standards  are  set  taking  into  consideration  technical
feasibility and cost,  as well  as economic,  energy, and environmental  impacts.  The
background information published as part of the  process  for  setting NSPSs provides
useful data for State agencies in defining best available control technology, which
must be done under other sections of .the Clean Air Act.

     NESHAPs are set at levels to protect the public from hazardous pollutants that
cause or contribute to air pollution that results in an increase in mortality or an
increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating illness.

     Pollutant Strategies and Air Standards  Development — The major  activities  of
this programinclude:(T)regularreview  andrevision, as  appropriate,  of all
existing National   Ambient  Air Quality  Standards (NAAQSs);  (2)  identification and
assessment of potential hazardous air pollutants, including the determination as to
the appropriateness of a  listing under  Section  112 of the Clean  Air Act;  and (3)
the overall  coordination,  development,  and   review  of  air policies and strategies
including work  on  air toxics  and on  emerging  issues  such  as  acid  deposition,
stratospheric ozone depletion, and indoor air pollution.

     State Program Policy Guidelines and Regulations —  This   program   includes:
(1) development of  guidelines  and  regulations that  set  forth  requirements  for air
pollution control   programs implemented  by the States under the  Clean. Air Act; and
(2) overview of the development and implementation of State and local  air pollution
control programs.    The State  and  local programs  provide  for  the attainment  and
maintenance of NAAQSs,  reduction of air  toxics, prevention  of significant deteriora-
tion of air quality in  clean  air areas,  and  the  protection  of visibility in national
parks and wilderness areas.  The national program management carried out under this
program helps  ensure   consistency  among EPA  Regional   Offices,  States,  and local
agencies in carrying out the requirements of the Clean Air Act.
                                       A-26

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EMISSION STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $10,345,500 supported  by  87.5 total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $4,645,800  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,699,700 will be for  the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.  This  represents  decreases  of $710,900  and  $1,580,000,  respectively,  and  a
decrease of  14.4  total  workyears.   These decreases reflect the  completion  of some
of the preliminary NESHAPs development activities underway in 1988 and the shifting
of resources to support ozone strategy implementation.

     The major  program  emphasis  in 1989  will continue  to be  reductions  in  air
toxics, including NESHAPs development  and  use of other  regulatory authorities to
control toxics  emissions;  source  assessments  to  support  Section  112  listing
decisions for potentially hazardous pollutants; and implementation support to State
air toxics  programs,  especially  through the  Control  Technology  Center.   During
1989, promulgations will  include  NESHAPs for coke ovens  (wet  charging  and topside
leaks), asbestos  revision (demolition and  renovation),  and   benzene,  as  well  as
regulations under the Toxics Substances Control Act  (TSCA) for  chromium from comfort
cooling.  NESHAPs  proposals  include   chromium (electroplating,  cooling  towers),
ethylene oxide  (commercial sterilizers), hazardous organics, degreasing, and perch-
loroethylene (dry cleaning).   An  NSPS and  lll(d)  guideline for  landfills  will  be
proposed.  Continuing regulatory  work  includes further development  of  new NESHAPs
for sources  of  methylene chloride, trichloroethylene  (machinery manufacturing  and
rebuilding); a  new NSPS  and lll(d)  guideline  for municipal waste combustion; five
source category assessments  in support  of  regulatory decisions;  and  reassessment
of promulgated  NESHAPs  in  response to the vinyl  chloride  litigation  and  benzene
remand.  The program  increases support  for the anticipated expansion  of  the  Air
Toxics Control Technology Center.

     In 1989 NSPS development  will  continue.  This includes promulgation of eight
NSPSs covering  eight  additional priority  list categories.   One  new NSPS  will  be
proposed.

     Technology assessment  in  1989  provides implementation  support for  State  air
pollution programs,  primarily those to reduce ozone and  size-specific  particulate
matter (PM10).   Implementation  support  will   be  provided  for  the woodstove  NSPS
through laboratory certification and methods evaluation.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the  Agency is  allocating a total of  $12,636,400 supported  by 101.9
total workyears to  this  program,  of  which $5,356,700  is  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $7,279,700 is from the Abatement, Controland Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988  NSPS  development  continues.    One   proposal  and  ten  promulgations
covering seven additional priority list source categories are scheduled for 1988.   In
addition, one NSPS review is  being  completed.   Other activities include litigation
work relating to particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions  from indus-
trial boilers,  developmental  work  for four NSPSs, and  implementation  support  to
States for ozone and PM10 State Implementation Plan (SIP) development.

     Proposals  for  two  NESHAPs (asbestos  demolition   and   renovation  revision
and benzene  coke  by-product plants) are scheduled in  1988.   The  woodstoves  NSPS
will be  promulgated.   Source  assessments  are being  completed to  support  listing
decisions in  1989.   Ongoing  NESHAPs   work  includes development  of standards  for
                                      A-27

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sources of the eight Intent to list  pollutants, municipal Incinerators, and proposed
response to a voluntary remand on benzene.  Controls for chromium comfort cooling are
scheduled to be proposed.  Consistent with the National  A1r Toxics Strategy, imple-
mentation support  1s  also  being provided  to State  air  toxic  pollutant  control
programs.  This support is being provided through the Air Toxics Control Technology
Center in cooperation with the Office of Research and Development to provide direct
engineering support  to State  and  local  agencies  in  solving  air toxics  control
problems.  Activities include provision of control technology documents, workshops,
and special engineering analyses.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency obligated a total  of $13,935,100 supported  by 99.7 total
workyears, of which $5,177,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,757,400 was  from the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.   The
contract resources  were used to  continue  work  related to  setting  standards for
NSPSs and NESHAPs.

     In 1987 work continued on setting NSPSs for source categories on EPA's priority
list.  NSPS activity included  proposal  of seven new standards  and promulgation of
four standards covering three additional priority 11st source categories.

     A revision to the NESHAPs for mercury was promulgated during  1987.  One NESHAPs
for benzene (coke  oven  wet  charging)  was proposed in 1987.   Source assessments for
twenty chemical compounds were completed.


POLLUTANT STRATEGIES AND AIR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $10,320,900 supported by  87.8 total  workyears
for this  program,   of   which  $5,043,000  will  be   for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $5,277,900  will  be   for  the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $388,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  a decrease of $1,130,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.  The  increase  reflects  increased  personnel   and  support  costs and
replacement of  worn-out equipment.   The decrease  reflects  anticipated completion
of global climate  studies in 1988.

     Promulgation  of revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs for sulfur dioxide is planned for
1989.  Also  in  1989,  revised  or reaffirmed  NAAQSs for lead  are scheduled  to be
proposed.  Work on the review of the  NAAQSs  for ozone will be  nearing completion
and the next  round of  reviews  of the  carbon monoxide and  nitrogen  dioxide NAAQSs
will be  underway  in  1989.   Work  will  also  be  underway  on  a  new  fine particle
secondary NAAQS.
                                      A-28

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     The program will continue to  provide  a key role in  implementing the  National
Air Toxics Strategy.  Preliminary  screening and assessment of new pollutants will
continue and  regulatory  decisions  will  be  published  for 10-12 new  compounds   or
source categories  in  1989.   The program  will  also  continue to  support  NESHAPs
development by providing health,  exposure,  and risk analyses.  Efforts will  continue
to assess pollutants with noncarcinogenic  effects.  The program will  also  continue
its lead  role  in development  and  implementation  of the  Agency's  policies on  air
toxics control,  including  intra-agency  toxics  coordination  and  use  of  non-CAA
authorities to  reduce  air toxics.   These  activities  implement  the direct  Federal
regulatory program set forth  in the National Air Toxics Strategy and  will  focus  on
pollutants and  source categories that  pose significant public health risks.  Also
in 1989,  continued  support  will  be provided to States and local  agencies  through
the operation and  enhancement of the National Air Toxics  Information  Clearinghouse
and provision  of materials,  guidance,  and  assistance.   In 1989,  EPA  will  fully
implement the Health Risk Information Center to provide  risk  assessment expertise,
guidance, and support to developing State and local  air toxics programs.

     Other activities include the overall  coordination, development,  and  review  of
air policies and strategies,  including  continued  analyses of acid rain  policy  and
implementation issues and implementation  and  follow-up  on pending  domestic  and
international actions needed to protect stratospheric ozone.  Development  of  regu-
latory options for the remaining  fully  halogenated  fluorocarbons  will  be initiated.
EPA will also continue its indoor air effort in  1989 to provide  policy coordination
and information dissemination as well as partial implementation  of recommendations
in its report to Congress.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency -is  allocating  a  total   of  $11,062,200  supported  by 87.8
total workyears  to this  program,  of which $4,654,300  is from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $6,407,900 is from the  Abatement, Co.ntrol  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988 EPA is examining the  need  for a fine  particulate  secondary  NAAOS.
Revised or reaffirmed NAAQSs  for sulfur  dioxide will  be proposed and  review of  the
staff paper for the lead NAAQSs is being completed.   Pollutant assessment activities
are expected to  result  in regulatory  decisions  for eight  to ten  potentially  toxic
air pollutants.  Other  activities  include:  operation of  the Air  Toxics  Clearing-
house; initiation  of the Health Risk  Information  Center; preparation   of  health,
exposure, and  risk  analyses  for  the  NESHAPs program;  and  continuing  implementation
of the National  Air  Toxics  Strategy, including  support  to State  and  local  programs
on air toxics problems.

     Work is  also  continuing  on acid  rain policy  and  implementation  issues,   on
implementation of actions needed to protect stratospheric ozone,  and  on  development
of the framework for an indoor air program.  In 1988  EPA will complete the regulatory
action, required by  court order, to  regulate CFCs.   EPA will  also  begin developing
the program  for implementing the  regulatory action and the analysis and  data  for
implementing the international protocol.  In addition, EPA will  complete the Report
to Congress on the long-term Federal  role in indoor air quality.

     In the  area  of global  climate  change,   the  Office of Policy  Analysis  is
continuing work  on  the  two  draft reports to Congress  on  the  Environmental  Effects
of Climate Change  and  on Policy  Options for Stabilizing  Climate,  on  developing  an
initial framework for estimates of future  concentrations  of trace  gases and global
temperatures, and  on  completing analyses   of  the  impact of  climate  change   on
California, the Great Plains, Southeast, and Great Lakes.
                                      A-29

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency  obligated  a total of  $11,616,500 supported by  79.9  total
workyears, of which $4,409,500 was  from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$7,207,000 was from the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropriation.

     During 1987 EPA promulgated the  revised  NAAQSs  for PMjQ   and published  an
advance notice of proposed  rulemaking  for a  fine  particulate  secondary NAAQS.  EPA
continued review of  the  sulfur  dioxide, lead,  and  ozone  NAAQSs.   In the pollutant
assessment area, EPA continued  the health  and   risk  assessments  for  potentially
toxic air pollutants to  determine  the need for regulations.   Regulatory decisions
were published for five compounds or  source  categories.  Other activities included
the operation of the Air Toxics Clearinghouse and health, exposure, and risk analyses
for NESHAPs development.  Work also  continued on acid rain policy and implementation
issues and exploration of  the extent and causes  of  stratospheric  ozone depletion,
as well as the  framework  needed to  address the indoor  air problem.   Global  climate
change work focused on starting the two reports to Congress,  on building the frame-
work for analysis of options  to stabilize the atmosphere, and providing technical
support for bilateral activities on climate.


STATE PROGRAM POLICY GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $4,833,500 supported by  63.3  total  workyears
for this  program,   of  which  $3,456,900  will  be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,376,600  will   be  for  the Abatement, Control   and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents increases of $612,400 and $610,00 respectively, and
an increase  of  10.9 total  workyears.  The  increases   will  support a  more active
management role  in  the development  and preparation of the  ozone/CO SIPs  and the
review of PMjo SIPs to ensure technical integrity  of SIP submittals and improve the
interface  between   toxics   control,  ozone,   and  particulate  control   programs.

     In 1989  EPA will  continue to  provide  national   direction,   management,  and
assistance to the  national  air quality  management effort for  the attainment  of
NAAQSs and prevention  of significant  deterioration  (PSD).   EPA will  also  develop
program and technical guidance  for  State  and local  agencies  to address  PM^ sulfur
dioxide, and ozone.  Management of  the SIP process will  continue with  emphasis  on
the post-1987 ozone/CO attainment program and PM^g SIPs.  Special attention will  be
given to the adoption of  regionally consistent regulations for the  control  of VOCS
including assistance to States  in  identifying, adopting,  and implementing measures
that will directly  involve the  public.   EPA will  review PMjo SIPs developed  in
areas needing substantial  SIP  revisions  to meet  the new  PMjg  NAAQSs.   Key  actions
in 1989  will  also  include  providing  guidance and  oversight  of State  efforts  to
develop fugitive  source  and  nontraditional   source  control  measures;  preparing
periodic national reports  on the status  of State  progress toward  the  development
and submission  of Pl^g  SIPs to  EPA;  reviewing regionally forwarded PMin SIPs for
consistency with all  requirements;  and expediting the  EPA Headquarters  review and
decisions  on  the  adequacy  of  State-submitted   SIPs  and   completing  necessary
rulemaking actions.

     In 1989 State and local air toxics programs   will  be  further enhanced with the
implementation and   revision  of multi-year  plans. -  Activities  to  improve  the
interface between toxics control and ozone and  particulate control will  be expanded.
The New Source Review (NSR) program will provide guidance  and  assistance to  Regions
and States permitting new  sources  and support  to  national litigation over  current
regulations.   Regulatory work  will be completed on  the development of PSD increments
for PMio and nitrogen oxides.   Also in 1989, EPA  will  expand  its program to follow
                                       A-30

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up on the results of  State  audits  and  needed corrective actions, thereby Improving
interregional and interstate consistency,  addressing  critical  air pollution infra-
structure needs,  and  resolving  current  program  weaknesses.   Air toxics  program
development will be added to the national  air audit program.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of $3,611,100 supported by 52.4 total.
workyears to this program,  of  which $2,844,500 is  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $766,600 is from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988 the major priorities  are  promulgation  and  implementation  of the post-
1987 strategy for  ozone  and  CO,  review  of  SIPs  developed to  meet  the  new  PMio
NAAQSs, and continued support to State/local air  toxics programs.  In  1988 EPA is
scheduled to  propose the post-1987 nonattainment policy for ozone and CO.  EPA is
also planning to prepare regulatory support documents for implementing the new PMio
NAAQS.  The NSR  program  is  continuing to provide permit assistance  and litigation
support, including  rulemaking  adding  surface coal  mines  to  NSR  regulations  and
including fugitive emissions in  determining NSR applicability.  Efforts to establish
PSD increments for nitrogen oxides and PMio are also continuing.

     The National Air Audit  System is starting another  two-year cycle (1988-1989)
to evaluate and  review  State  air programs.  Consistent with the State enhancement
portion of the National  Air  Toxics  Strategy,  guidance to improve State/local program
capability through multi-year  development plans is being  provided,  including  the
design of programs to address high-risk point source and urban air toxics problems.
Studies and  workshops are  being  conducted  to  document  exemplary practices  and
facilitate information exchange.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987  the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $3,436,000  supported by' 51.2 total
workyears, of which $2,565,400 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and
$870,600 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     National management  and  evaluation  of  all  major  SIP programs  continued in
1987.  Program  guidance, policy  papers  and  technical  information were developed on
a variety of  issues, including  promulgation  of the PMio  SIP  development  strategy
and the holding  of  four  national PMio implementation  workshops.  New source review
program guidance was  provided  and  management of the National  Air  Audit System  was
continued, including  coordinating the  audits of 31  agencies,  compiling the results
for inclusion in a national  audit report and evaluating the program to address 1988
air program objectives.   Guidance  was also provided for the  development of State/
local multi-year  air  toxics plans  and programs.   Rulemaking  activities  included
proposal of  (1)  Federal   regulations  to correct deficient SIPs  involving sources
causing visibility  impairment  and  (2)  alternative  policies  to  address  rural
fugitive dust areas.
                                         A-31

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                                                    AIR
                             Mobile Source Air  Pollution Control  & Fuel  Economy

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE       1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                           (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment &
Characterization
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Testing, Technical &
Administrative Support
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compli ance
        $3,734.7   $4,369.3   $4,392.0
        $2,964.0   $3.038;9   $3,038.9
$4,392.0   $4,435.9     $43.9
$2.938.9   $3,488.9    $550.0
                        TOTAL   $6,698.7   $7,408.2   $7,430.9   $7,330.9   $7,924.8    $593.9
        $5,501.2   $5,319.2   $5,209.9   $5,209.9   $5,262.0     $52.1
          $900.0     $850.2     $850.2     $850.2     $850.2

TOTAL   $6,401.2   $6,169.4   $6,060.1   $6,060.1   $6.112.2     $52.1
        $1,649.0   $1,761.9   $1.818.5   $1.818.5   $1,836.7     $18.2
           $24.8      $33.1      $33.1      $33.1      $33.1

TOTAL   $1,673.8   $1,795.0   $1,851.6   $1,851.6   $1.869.8     $18.2
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control &
Fuel Economy
       $10,884.9  $11,450.4  $11,420.4  $11,420.4  $11,534.6    $114.2
        $3.888.8   $3,922.2   $3,922.2   $3,822.2   $4,372.2    $550.0
TOTAL  $14,773.7  $15,372.6  $15,342.6  $15,242.6  $15,906.8     $664.2

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                                                                      AIR
                                              Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control  4 Fuel  Economy

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                                            (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                PERMANENT WORKYEARS
to
GO
Emission Standards,
Technical Assessment S
Characterization

Testing, Technical 4
Administrative Support

Emissions & Fuel
Economy Compliance

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                    72.9
                                                   199.2
 77.9
77.9
77.3
77.3
                                                    93.6       93.6       93.6       92.9       92.9
                                                                                                    I

                                                    32.7       33.3       33.3       33.1       33.1
204.8      204.8      203.3      203.3
                TOTAL WORKYEARS
                Emission Standards,
                Technical Assessment S
                Characterization

                Testing, Technical 4
                Administrative Support

                Emissions & Fuel
                Economy Compliance
                                    77.5
                                    96.8
                                    33.8
 77.9
 93.6
 33.3
77.9
93.6
33.3
77.3
92.9
33.1
77.3
92.9
33.1
                TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                   208.1
204.8      204.8      203.3      203.3

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                                        AIR


                Mobile Source Air Pollution  Control  and  Fuel  Economy
Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $15,906,800 supported  by  203.3 total  workyears.
for 1989, an increase  of $664,200 and no change in total  workyears  from  1988.   Of
the  request, $11,534,600  will  be for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and
$4,372,200 will be for the  Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appropriation.  This
represents an  increase of $114,200  in  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation  and
an increase  of $550,000 in  the Abatement,   Control  and Compliance  appropriation.

Program Description

     This subactivity includes the following mobile source programs:

     Emission Standards. Technical  Assessment, and  Characterization — This program
provides the standards development and analysis required for  the  control  of mobile
source emissions under the Clean Air Act. Work is  also carried out to improve fuel
economy testing procedures and  evaluate  fuel  economy  retrofit devices,  as required
by the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings  Act.  This program  is responsible
for developing  both  light-duty  vehicle  and  heavy-duty engine  standards  for  the
control of  evaporative  and   exhaust  emissions.   Other major program  activities
include:  characterization  of  toxic  emissions;  assessment  of  emissions  control
technology; technical assistance to the  States  for implementation of local  control
programs; assessment of  actual  emissions levels from  in-use  vehicles;  analysis of
the current  and prospective  impacts  of motor vehicle  emissions on air quality;  and
assessment of alternative fuels and technologies as  a means  of reducing air pollution
from mobile sources.

     Testing, Technical, and Administrative  Support — This program  provides  basic
testing, technical,  arid  administrative  support  to  the   mobile  source  operating
programs of EPA.

     Emissions and Fuel Economy Compliance — This  program implements the emissions
certification and compliance  requirements of the Clean Air Act as well  as the fuel
economy information  and  compliance requirements of  the Motor Vehicle  Information
and Cost Savings Act.   As  part of  this program, EPA  makes  fuel economy information
available to the  consumer through  the mile  per gallon values which are published
in the Gas Mileage Guide and  displayed on new vehicle  labels  to  ensure that EPA's
responsibilities are met under the Corporate Average Fuel  Economy (CAFE) compliance
program.


EMISSION STANDARDS. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT. AND CHARACTERIZATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $7,924,800 supported  by  77.3 total  workyears
for this program, of which $4,435,900  will  be for  the Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and $3,488,900  will  be for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appro-
priation.  This is an  increase  of  $43,900 for the  Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and  $550,000  for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.   The
increase in  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  reflects  increased personnel
and support  costs.   The increase  in the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appro-
priation will  support  additional  work  related to  the use  of alternative  fuels,
                                       A-34

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supporting the  initiative  established   by  the  Vice  President's Task  Force,  as
well as  attainment measures  for ozone  and  carbon  monoxide (CO) standards.   The
increase will also  be  used  to address CO emission  problems  under cold temperature
conditions.

     In 1989  the  standards  program  will continue  to emphasize  control  of  ozone
precursors and  air toxics.   Standards   development  will  focus  on  fuel   and  fuel
additive testing protocols  mandated  by  the  Clean Air Act  to assure  identification
of substances suspected  of  contributing  to  air toxics health effects  prior to the
introduction of the substances  into  widespread use.  This effort will  result  in a
proposed rule during  1989.   Work will  also ensure  implementation  support to  the
new methanol  emission  standards  as  well  as  to the  on-board  refueling  regulations.
The latter is expected  to reduce  hydrocarbon emissions by an additional  two percent.
Specific technology assessment work  will focus on the implementation  of the  post-
1987 ozone/CO attainment  strategy.   In  addition, the emissions  impact of alterna-
tive fuels,  such  as oxygenated  blends  and  Compressed  Natural  Gas (CNG),  will  be
investigated.  Additional testing of  in-use  vehicles will  assess the effectiveness
of emission control technologies in controlling CO emissions under cold temperature
conditions.

     Implementation of the  on-board  refueling  emissions control  rule  will require
significant effort  to  bring a  standard  test  procedure  on line.  The  Agency  will
begin to define the requirements (based on experience gained in the development and
promulgation of the rule)  and  implement  a test  procedure  at  the  Motor Vehicle
Emissions Laboratory (MVEL).

     A Notice of Proposed Rulemaking  (NPR)  for controlling diesel fuel composition
consistent with toxics  particulate  control   will  be  published.   Also, an  NPR  for
heavy-duty emissions banking  and trading will  be considered  for publication.   In-
use vehicle testing will  continue to assess  the emissions performance of the in-use
fleet.  Revised light-duty  truck hydrocarbon standards  will  be  promulgated.   Work
will continue on the  assessment of heavy-duty diesel trap technology.  Additional
work will  be done  to  insure  the effectiveness of the enhanced  vehicle inspection
and maintenance (I/M)  programs  put  into place by  State and local  jurisdictions.
In addition,  15 audits  and follow-ups  of  State  and local   I/M  programs  will  be
completed.


1988 Program

     In 1988  the  Agency  is allocating  a total  of  $7,330,900  supported  by  77.3
total workyears for  this program,  of which $4,392,000  is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $2,938,900 is from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988  the  standards  program  is   continuing  to emphasize  control  of  ozone
precursors and air toxics.  The  regulatory program  is continuing to  concentrate on
control of  evaporative  and  refueling   emissions,   excess   hydrocarbon  emissions,
formaldehyde, methanol, and participates.  Final  emission standards and test proce-
dures for methanol vehicles are  being promulgated.  Revised light-duty truck hydro-
carbon standards are being  proposed.   Testing  of in-use vehicles  is  continuing to
assess the emissions performance of the in-use  fleet.   Work is  continuing  on the
assessment of heavy-duty  diesel  trap  technology  with the  implementation  of a  pro-
totype electric trap   regeneration  system.   Support  to the development  of  State
Implementation Plans is continuing with emphasis on I/M programs for in-use  vehicles.
A total of 15 formal  audits  and follow-ups of State and local  I/M programs  are being
completed.
                                         A-35

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the  Agency obligated  a total of  $6,698,700  supported by  77.5 total
workyears, of which $3,734,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,964,000 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In support of the Agency's on-going ozone control efforts, the program proposed
hydrocarbon emission standards for the  refueling of automobiles and also fuel  volat-
ility standards.   The program  provided   implementation  assistance  and  review  of
State Implementation Plans, particularly I/M programs.  In 1987 eight  I/M audits were
completed and 10  follow-up  audits were carried out  to  assess  the  effectiveness of
State and local efforts.   Four  new  I/M programs  were begun  in  1987,  bringing the
total number of urban areas with inspection programs to 60.

     In support of the Agency's  air toxics control strategy, the regulatory program
continued work on control of formaldehyde  and particulate matter.  Characterization
of emissions from  vehicles  powered by  alternative fuels also  continued, including
work on  a rulemaking  setting standards  and test  procedures for  methanol-fueled
vehicles.  With the implementation  of  lead phasedown,  additional  work  was directed
towards alternatives  to  leaded  gasoline.   A systematic  review of  the  heavy-duty
standards for hydrocarbons,  carbon monoxide, and particulate  matter continued for
potential future revision.


TESTING. TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $6,112,200  supported  by  92.9  total  workyears
for this  program,  of which  $5,262,200  will   be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $850,200  will   be  for  the  Abatement,   Control   and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  an increase of $52,100 in the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  no  change  in  total  workyears  from  1988.   The increase  in the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel  and support costs.

     This program  will  provide  testing,  technical,  and administrative  support to
the operating programs of  the Office of Mobile Sources at  the MVEL  located  in Ann
Arbor, Michigan.  Approximately  1,000 tests will be performed on prototype vehicles,
and 1,300 tests on  in-use  vehicles in  support of the  emissions  factors  and  recall
programs.  In  addition,  100 tests  on  new  and  in-use  heavy-duty  engines will  be
provided to support the  implementation and enforcement of  the standards for these
engines.  General  activities  that will be supported  include  recall, tampering and
fuel switching, standard-setting,  emissions characterization, technology assessment,
fuel economy,  in-use  vehicle emissions  assessment,  and  motor  vehicle  emission
certification.  The support  that  will  be provided  includes:   automated data pro-
cessing (ADP)  timesharing  services,  laboratory  data acquisition,  and  computer
operations; testing of motor vehicles to measure emissions and fuel economy; quality
assurance and control and correlation services for EPA and industry testing programs;
maintenance and engineering  design  of  emission testing equipment;  and personnel,
administrative, safety, and  facilities support  services.   Testing  and analysis of
approximately 11,000  fuel samples collected for enforcement purposes will continue.


1988 Program

     In 1988  the  Agency  is 'allocating  a total  of $6,060,100  supported by  92.9
total workyears  for this  program,  of  which  $5,209,900 is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation and  $850,200 is from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.
                                         A-36

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     The 1988 program continues to focus on increasing the efficiency of the testing,
technical, and  administrative  support operations while maintaining or expanding the
quality and quantity of  outputs.

     Testing support to  the  certification, fuel economy,  and in-use compliance and
assessment programs  continues with a total  of  approximately  2,300 tests scheduled
for  these  programs  in 1988.   Testing activities  supported  at the MVEL  range from
performing standard,  well-established  engineering  tests to  the development  and
performance of  new test  procedures  to  accommodate  new  program  needs  or changing
technology.

     Routine testing  and analysis of  11,000 fuel  samples  collected in  the field
for  enforcing   fuels  regulations  continues.   Correlation  programs  to  maintain
equivalent test procedures  between manufacturers  and EPA continue.  Test equipment
maintenance, calibration,  and  repair  services are  being provided.   The adequacy
of existing  procedures   and  equipment  to test  newer technology  vehicles  is being
evaluated.  If  necessary, new equipment and procedures will  be designed.  In addi-
tion,  personnel,   facility   support   services,  safety, ADP,  and  administrative
management functions are provided  at the MVEL.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987  the Agency  obligated a total  of $6,401,200 supported  by 96.8 total
workyears  for this  program,  of which $5,501,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $900,000  was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1987  a  total  of  980 tests were conducted  for certification, fuel  economy
labeling,  and compliance programs.  Testing  in  support of the recall, surveillance,
tampering/fuel  switching programs; the  development  of  emission   factors;  and the
assessment of the  effectiveness of new emissions control technology in maintaining
the  emission  standards  in-use resulted in  1,400 tests  on  475  vehicles  in 1987.
"Routine testing and analysis  of 10,708 fuel  samples (collected  in the field) were
performed  in 1987  to enforce fuel  regulations.

     Basic personnel and administrative management functions, including ADP  manage-
ment were  provided.  Also,  safety and facility  services,  aimed  at  maintaining a
high level of occupational  safety  and health, were provided.


EMISSIONS  AND FUEL ECONOMY  COMPLIANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $1,869,800 supported by  33.1 total  workyears
for  this  program,  of  which  $1,836,700  will  be  for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and   $33,100   will   be  for  the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.   This represents an increase  of  $18,200 in the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and   no   change  in  total  workyears  from  1988.    The  increase  in
the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation  reflects increased  personnel  and  support
costs.

     The emissions  certification program will  continue  to assess the  validity of
the  applications for certification of approximately  100  original  equipment manufac-
turers  of  light-duty  vehicles, heavy-duty  engines,  and  motorcycles.  Participation
in the certification program by importers reselling vehicles is expected to continue
to  increase as  a result  of new rules published in 1987. Approximately  40 certificate
holders will  be bringing non-conforming  imports into  compliance.    In  1989, the
in-use  program   will  continue to stress  the  examination  of  control  technology
effectiveness at high  mileage.  Alternatives  for   improving  the  effectiveness  of
                                        A-37

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the certification program  in reducing  high mileage  1n-use  noncompllance will  be
identified, as  will- the  possibilities  for further  cost reductions.   Work  will
continue on  suspected  problems  with manufacturers'  alleged  use of defeat devices
and more testing will be done under non-Federal Test Procedure conditions to assess
the degree to which emission control devices control emissions only on the standard
test cycle and do not do so  in actual on-road use.  On-board refueling certification
implementation will   be  started, including  work on  a certification  standard  test
facility for compliance testing of manufacturers'  prototype  certification  vehicles
in order to  assure  that the two  percent  reduction  of  volatile organic  compound
(VOC) emissions associated with the rules  is achieved.  Also  in 1989,  the program
plans to propose mobile source user fees.

     The statutory fuel economy information program will be carried  out,  with the
provision of 1,000 labels,  50 CAFE  calculations, and data for the Gas Mileage Guide.
Guidance to manufacturers on implementing changes required by revisions to the fuel
economy regulations will continue.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the  Agency is  allocating  a  total of $1,851,600  supported  by  33.1
total workyears for  this  program,  of  which  $1,818,500  is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $33,100 1s from  the Abatement, Control and  Compliance
appropriation.

     The emissions certification  program is  continuing  to  issue  certificates  of
compliance to  approximately 100   original  equipment  manufacturers   of  light-duty
vehicles, heavy-duty engines, and  motorcycles.  Participation  in the  certification
program by importers reselling  vehicles  will  begin to increase  resulting  from new
rules being promulgated.  Streamlined procedures for handling these new certificate
holders will  be developed.  .In  1988 the  1n-use program is  placing  further emphasis
on assessment of high mileage vehicle  control  technology and the precise  nature of
failures to  meet  standards  at high mileage.   Work is also  focusing on  suspected
problems with manufacturers' use of defeat devices, as well  as  on  emissions under
conditions different from the .Federal  Test  Procedure.  This  additional  engineering
analysis will  help  assess  the  degree  to  which  emission control  devices  differ
relative to  the standard test  cycle versus actual   on-road operational  conditions.
Procedures for  certifying  after-market  parts  will  be   promulgated.   Also,   the
program is  working   towards  development  of  a  proposal   for  mobile  source  user
fees.

     The statutory fuel  economy information  program  is  being   carried out,  with
1,000 labels,  50  CAFE  calculations,  and  data for   the  Gas Mileage Guide  being
produced.  Guidance to manufacturers on implementing  changes required by  revisions
to the fuel economy regulations  is continuing.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency  obligated  a total  of $1,673,800  supported  by  33.8 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,649,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $24,800  was from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appro-
priation.

     The emissions  certification  program  issued   certificates  of  compliance  to
approximately 100 original  equipment manufacturers of light-duty  vehicles,  heavy-
duty engines,  and motorcycles.    Certification engineering  review  continued  to
deter the production of vehicle designs not  capable of meeting emission  standards.
Participation in the  certification program by importers  reselling vehicles  conti-
nued to increase.  In  addition,  a  final  rule  revising and streamlining  procedures
                                       A-38

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for the  Importation  of non-conforming  vehicles was  developed.   A regulation  for
aftermarket parts certification  was proposed.   The fuel economy  program  generated
1,170 fuel economy  labels,  verified  76 CAFE calculations,  and  compiled data  for
the Gas Mileage Guide.  The  in-use technology assessment program examined durability
of control technology at high mileage.
                                        A-39

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                                                     AIR
                                      State  Programs Resource Assistance

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET      ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                  1987    ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                             1988                   1988              1989  YS 1988
                                            (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)


PROGRAM
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 105 Grants)
 Abatement Control and         $94,570.1  $95.000.0  $92,668.4  $92,603.4  $95,000.0  $2,396.6
 Compliance
                        TOTAL  $94,570.1  $95,000.0  $92,668.4  $92,603.4  $95,000.0  $2,396.6

Training
 Salaries & Expenses              $250.3     $258.0     $250.2     $250.2     $252.7      $2.5
                        TOTAL     $250.3     $258.0     $250.2     $250.2     $252.7      $2.5


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses              $250.3     $258.0     $250.2     $250.2     $252.7      $2.5
 Abatement Control and         $94,570.1  $95,000.0  $92,668.4  $92,603.4  $95,000.0  $2,396.6
 Compliance

State Programs          TOTAL  $94,820.4  $95,258.0  $92,918.6  $92,853.6  $95,252.7  $2,399.1
Resource Assistance


PERMANENT MORKYEARS
Training                             4.0        4.0        4.0        4.0        4.0

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS            4.0        4.0        4.0        4.0        4.0

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               AIR
State Programs Resource Assistance

TOTAL WORKYEARS
Training
TOTAL HORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987

4.2
4.2
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS
4.0
4.0
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
IN THOUSANDS)
4.0 4.0
4.0 4.0
REQUEST
1989

4.0
4.0
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198




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                                    AIR


                    State Programs Resource Assistance
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  a  total  of $95,252,700 supported  by 4.0 total workyears
for 1989, an increase  of  $2,399,100 from 1988.  Of  the  request, $252,700 will  be
for the  Salaries   and  Expenses  appropriation  and   $95,000,000  will  be  for  the
Abatement, Control  and  Compliance  appropriation, an  increase in the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation of $2,500  and an  increase  of $2,396,600 in the  Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     This subactivity provides  financial  and training support  to  State and  local
air pollution control  agencies, and to air quality  programs  for Indian lands  for
the prevention, abatement, and  control of air pollution.  The primary objective  of
this subactivity is  to support the development  and  implementation  of  effective
State and local  programs for the attainment  and  maintenance  of the  National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs), in  accordance with  provisions  of the  Clean  Air Act.

     Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 105 Grants) --  Direct  grants
to controlagencies that  have  major roles in developing and  carrying  out  programs
under the  Clean Air Act  constitutes the major form  of EPA resource  assistance.
Direct grants are  supplemented by  the  training of  State  and local  air  pollution
control personnel   and the provision of  services of  contractors  for  specific  tasks
identified by the  States  and  localities.   The  grants   support  State  and  local
activities that develop State  Implementation Plans  (SIPs)  for the attainment  and
maintenance of  the NAAQSs;  enforce  source  emission  regulations and  requirements
contained within the  SIPs;  review'and  permit  "new  sources;  monitor  ambient  air
quality for  assessing  environmental quality and progress;  and develop data  bases
necessary for regulatory decisions.  In addition, these funds promote  the assumption
and implementation  of other Clean Air Act responsibilities,  including those for the
prevention-of significant  deterioration  (PSD),   protection  of visibility, and  the
implementation of  New  Source Performance Standards  (NSPSs)  and National  Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air  Pollutants  (NESHAPs).  Finally, these funds  help control
agencies to  develop  and  enhance air toxics  programs for assessing  and  mitigating
exposures, consistent with the Agency's National Air Toxics  Strategy.

     Training— Traditionally, resource assistance  is further  supplemented  by the
provision of training in  specialized  areas  of air pollution  control.  New courses
are developed as  needed,  and  instructional  materials  are revised and updated  and
provided to  university  training  centers.  The EPA  staff  works  with  university
centers to develop State and local  self-sufficiency  in training  by  offering courses
at area training centers.


CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 105 GRANTS)

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $95,000,000,  all   of  which will  be for  the
Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.   This  represents an increase  of
$2,396,600 to support  State implementation  of the post-1987  attainment  policy  for
ozone and carbon monoxide.
                                       A-42

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     In 1989, States  will  continue to  focus on  the  three air  pollution  problems
emphasized in 1988:  addressing  post-1987 ozone/carbon monoxide NAAOS nonattainment,
meeting the revised NAAQSs for size-specific particulate matter (PMjo). and  reducing
exposure to air toxics.  Efforts  initiated  in 1988 to  correct  existing  regulations
and programs, including  the efforts to  improve the inspection  and compliance  of
sources of volatile organic compounds, will  be  continued.   States  will  continue  to
prepare the  revisions to their  ozone/carbon monoxide  SIPs required  by the  1988
notifications, including  the preparation   of  the  required  updates  to  baseline
emission inventories.  Efforts within the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States  to  apply
the regional  oxidant  model  to identify transport and  assess  control options  over
large areas will  be continued.   States will work to prepare tracking  systems for
assessing emission  reductions  and attainment  progress.   For  PM^Q  States   will
complete and implement the required SIPs for most of  the nonattainment areas (i.e.,
Group I Areas), perform  necessary analyses and prepare  SIPs,  where  required, for
the other areas experiencing violations of  the  standards,  and  work  to complete the
PMjg ambient monitoring network.

     For toxics,  States will  continue  to  implement   various  elements  of  their
multi-year plans for building and implementing programs  to assess and reduce  exposure
to air  toxic  compounds.  State and local  agency efforts  to  assess and  mitigate
high individual  risk  from specific non-NESHAPs point  sources  will  be  continued.
States will continue  their  analyses documenting  exposures  and sources  within the
30 large urban areas.  Work toward  the development and review of mitigation  measures
within specific urban areas will proceed.   Efforts to integrate air toxics  conside-
rations into  regulatory  programs  for ozone and  PMjg w1^ be  strengthened.   Also,
States are  expected  to assume  delegation  from EPA  and  enforce newly  promul gated
NESHAPs.

     Also, in 1989 States  will  continue  to  carry  out key core activities essential
to the  operation  and maintenance  of  effective air  pollution  regulatory programs.
This includes the implementation  of  source  surveillance and  compliance  programs
aimed at assuring initial and continuous compliance  by stationary  sources  with SIP
requirements and  NSPSs, providing  "timely and  appropriate"  response to  significant
violations.  States will  operate the  National  Air Monitoring  System (NAMS) and the
State/local Air Monitoring  System  (SLAMS)  networks  and  maintain quality assurance
programs providing  data   on  air  quality levels,  trends, and  attainment  status.
States will  continue to  assume  responsibility   for the  implementation  of  newly
promulgated NSPSs and for the review and permitting of new sources, including those
to which PSD requirements apply.

1988 Program

     In 1988 the  Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $92,603,400  for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988 the  major priorities of the program are:   (1)  implementation  of the
June 1985  National  Air  Toxics Strategy;  (?.) implementation of  elements of  the
post-1987 ozone/CO  strategy calling  for correction and  enhancement of  existing
programs in urban areas  not meeting the 1987  attainment  deadline;  and  (3) contin-
uation of  activities  to  implement  the NAAQSs   for PMjo  promulgated   in  1987.

     In 1988 States  are  carrying  out key elements of  the multi-year plans for the
enhancement and  implementation of air  toxics programs  consistent  with  the  Air
Toxics Strategy and  EPA  guidance.   Principal  activities  include:   (1.) the enforce-
ment of  existing  NESHAPs, including  compliance   with  the asbestos  demolition' and
renovation  requirements;  (?.)  the  improvement  of  assessment  capabilities  and  data
bases needed  to  manage air  toxics risks- at  the State  and  local   levels;  (3) the
continuation of State programs  for evaluating  and  mitigating exposures from specific
                                       A-43

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non-NESHAPs point  sources  causing  high  Individual   risk;  (4)  the assessment  of
complex, multl-pollutant/source air toxics problems within the 30 largest urbanized
areas of the  country;  and (5) the  review  of selected mitigation  measures in five
urban areas.

     To help  attain  the  ozone  and  CO  NAAQSs,  States  are carrying  out  steps  to
respond to the notifications  issued by  the Agency in 1988 of  SIP  inadequacies and
calls for  development  of corrective  SIPs  in areas  not  meeting the December 1987
deadline.  The steps include  activities to (1)  evaluate, correct,  and  ensure full
application of  existing  regulations/programs;  (2)  improve inspection/  compliance
activities for both  large and small  sources of volatile  organic compounds (VOCs);
(3) start  preparing  updates  to  baseline  inventories  and  collecting  additional
ambient monitoring  data,  particularly  for  nonmethane hydrocarbons;  (4)  correct
identified deficiencies in operating vehicle inspection/maintenance (I/M) programs;
(5) expand  program  within the  Northeast  corridor  and Middle Atlantic  States  to
employ regional models  where  intercity  transport will require controls  over large
geographic areas; and  (6)  improve  staff  and  agency implementation  capabilities.
For PMio,  States  are continuing to set up the ambient monitoring  networks  within
the more  significant PMio areas, to  complete  emissions  inventories necessary for
preparation of required  SIPs, and to  continue development of  the required SIPs for
the Group  I and more significant Group II areas.

     States are  also carrying  out  inspection  and  source monitoring programs for
assuring initial  and  continuous  compliance  by  all  major   stationary  sources,
including timely and appropriate  responses to  violations.  In addition, States are
also continuing to fully operate and monitor the quality of the NAMS/SLAMS networks
and to assume responsibility for newly promulgated NSPSs and NESHAPs.


1987 Accomplishments  ...

     In 1987 ttie Agency  obligated a total  of  $94,570,100 to   this  program,  all  of
which was  from the Abatement,  Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1987  States  continued  to develop  and  implement  the multiple  regulatory
programs for the attainment of the  ozone  and CO NAAQSs in the urban areas missing
the 1982 deadlines  or  having  extensions to  1987.  States also  commenced programs
to review  existing regulations  and  programs  and to  prepare  corrections  to SIPs and
regulations where State/EPA rev.iews identified  needed changes or new nonattainment
problems were  documented.  States  worked  to prepare the data  bases   and develop
PMio regulatory plans following promulgation of the NAAQSs in  July 1987.

     States continued to  fully  operate and  monitor  the  quality of  the  NAMS/SLAMS
networks.  States continued  to  establish  networks  to collect data preparatory  to
regulatory decisions  and the  development   of   required  PMio   SIPs, including  the
purchase of additional monitoring equipment for determining PMio levels in probable
nonattainment areas.

     States carried out their  inspection and source monitoring  programs for assuring
initial and continuous compliance by stationary sources, including the  provision  of
timely and  appropriate  response to violations.   Emphasis was placed on violating
                                        A-44

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sources of  VOCs  and sources subject to  NESHAPs,  Including enforcement of asbestos
demolition and renovation requirements.  Grant resources also supported corrections
to existing I/M programs and development of anti-tampering programs.

     States began to  carry  out the key  elements,  of  their multi-year plans for the
enhancement and  implementation  of  air  toxics programs   consistent  with the Air
Toxics Strategy and  EPA guidance.  These included efforts to assess exposures from
non-NESHAPs sources with  high  individual risk and identify  air toxics problems in
major urban areas.


TRAINING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $252,700  supported  by 4.0 total  workyears for
this program,  all  of which  will  be  for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
This request  represents  an   increase  of  $2,500  in  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation, reflecting increased personnel and support costs.

     In 1989 EPA will  continue  to manage  the self-study training program.  Technical
support will  be  provided to States  and Regions  planning workshops  and training
courses.  In  addition,  existing  courses will be updated, using  in-house skills.

1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is  allocating a total of $250,200 supported  by  4.0 total
workyears for  this   program,  all   of  which  is  from  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation.

     Activities in  1988 include  management  of  the  self-study training  program,
technical support to  States  and  Regions  planning workshops and training courses,
and updating of existing courses using in-house skills.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987  the  Agency  obligated  a total  of  $250,300 supported  by  4.0  total
workyears for  this  program,  all   of  which  was  from  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1987  a  total  of  35 training  courses were  conducted   covering 20 subject
areas for 864  students  and  six area training centers  and  in  Regional  locations.
Support was also provided for  eight control  agency employees.   In addition, three
new courses were  prepared and  two  existing  courses  were revised.   Also, revised
self-instructional  correspondence  and  classroom  courses  were  prepared   and  made
available to 1,427 students.
                                       A-45

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                                                  .    AIR
                                     Air  Quality Management  Implementation

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987      ESTIMATE       1988     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                   1988              1989 VS 1988
                                            (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Air Quality Management
Implementation
 Salaries & Expenses           $12,043.8  $13.111.2  $12,476.7  $12.476.7  $12,575.4     $98.7
 Abatement Control and            $549.2     $294.6     $294.6     $294.6     $294.6
 Compliance
                        TOTAL  $12,593.0  $13,405.8  $12,771.3  $12,771.3  $12,870.0     $98.7


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses           $12,043.8  $13,111.2  $12,476.7  $12,476.7  $12,575.4     $98.7
 Abatement Control and            $549.2.    $294.6     $294.6     $294.6     $294.6
 Compliance

Air Quality Management TOTAL   $12,593.0  $13,405.8  $12.771.3  $12,771.3  $12,870.0     $98.7
Implementation


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
	r—
Air Quality Management             271.0      293,3      293.3      270.4      288.3      17.9
Implementation

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS          271.0      293.3      293.3      270.4      288.3      17.9

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TOTAL WORKYEARS
Air Quality Management
Implementation

TOTAL WORKYEARS '
                     AIR
    A1r Quality Management Implementation

ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
 1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
            1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                        (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)




  '289.0      293.3      293.3      286.6      288.3       1.7


  289.0      293.3      293.3      286.6      288.3       1.7

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                                    AIR


                   Air Quality Management Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $12,870,000 supported  by  288.3 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $98,700 and  1.7  total workyears from 1988.  Of the request,
$12,575,400 will be  for  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation and  $294,600  will
be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation, representing an increase
of $98,700 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and no change in the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     This subactivity provides  resources  for the operation  and maintenance of  an
air quality management program in each of the Agency's  ten Regional  Offices.  Under
the Clean Air Act, the  States  have primary  responsibility  for preparing attainment
strategies and  meeting  the  commitments for the development  and implementation  of
multiple regulatory programs essential  to the attainment and maintenance of National
Ambient Air Quality  Standards  (NAAQSs).   State  strategies and programs have to  be
revised when NAAQSs  are modified, new standards  are established, or deficiencies
within the  strategies  are  identified.  The  Regional  program, in partnership  with
State and  local  air  pollution  control  agencies,  has  a  major responsibility  for
implementing the requirements  of the Clean  Air  Act and  related  EPA  regulations
governing the attainment and maintenance of the  NAAQSs.   The air management program
provides policy  guidance and  technical  consultation  to  States,  helping them  to
prepare the  strategies  and  regulatory programs.  The program- also  conducts  the
necessary regulatory  review  and coordination  for  approval  within  the  Federal
Register of  individual  strategies and regulations  in  State  Implementation  plans
(SIPs) submitted to  EPA.  The program  also plays the principal role  in negotiating
air quality  program  grants  to  State and local  control  agencies and  auditing  the
progress and  effectiveness   of  these  agencies  in  developing,  implementing,   and
enforcing regulatory programs.   The  program has major  responsibilities for helping
States develop  and implement programs  to  assess and  mitigate air toxics exposures,
as required by the Agency's National  Air Toxics  Strategy.


AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $12,870,000 supported  by  288.3 total  workyears
for this program, of which $12,575,400 will  be for the Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation  and $294,600  will   be for  the  Abatement, Control and Compliance appro-
priation.  This  represents   an   increase  of $98,700   in   the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and an increase of 1.7  total workyears.  The  increase reflects support
to States implementing the post-1987 attainment policy for  ozone and carbon monoxide.

     In  1989  the  major  focus  of  the  program will   be  to  assist  States in
the implementation  of  the  post-1987  strategy   for  correcting  ozone  and  carbon
monoxide nonattainment  problems,  the  NAAQSs  for  size-specific  particulate  matter
(PMio) and  the  national  strategy for  air toxics.  For  ozone and carbon  monoxide,
efforts initiated in  1988 to  assess, correct, and improve existing  regulations and
programs will be continued.  Regions  will provide detailed  guidance  and support to
                                        A-48

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the more  serious  nonattainment  areas  to  help  them  develop  necessary  baseline
inventories and prepare required revisions  to  the  SIPs on schedule.   In  addition,
efforts to  apply  the  regional  oxidant  model  in  the Northeast  and  Mid-Atlantic
States will continue in 1989.  Regions will continue to review and prepare rulemaking
actions on State submissions from the Group  I  and Group II  PMjg  areas.

     States will proceed to implement the various elements of their multi-year  plans
for improving and conducting air toxics programs.  Regions  will  assist  and periodi-
cally review  and  document  State progress  in  meeting plan  commitments.   Efforts
within urban areas will  move more toward the identification of specific measures  to
mitigate urban  exposures  and expand the  number  of areas  initiating actions.  The
Regions will work  with  State  and  local  agencies to identify and  integrate toxics
considerations into current  programs  for the  review and permitting of  new sources
and regulatory programs  for  ozone  and  PMjQ  to  maximize potential  mitigation of air
toxics exposures.

     The National Air Audit  system will  be  implemented.  Programs to oversee  State
implementation of  delegated  programs  for the  regulation  of new  sources  will  be
improved.  Performance-based  grants  will be negotiated  and  oversight  maintained.
Major SIPs will be reviewed and processed as expeditiously  as possible.  Efforts  to
improve the processing of  SIPs consistent with the Agency's newly developed strategy
will be  carried  out.   Extramural  dollars  will  continue to support  interagency
agreements with the  National  Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for  detail  to
three Regional  Offices  of  meteorologists  who  provide modeling  expertise to the
Region and States.

1988 Program

     The Agency is allocating  a total  of  $12,771,300  supported  by  286.6  total
workyears for this program,  of which $12,476,700 is  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $294,600 is from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988 the major priorities are  assisting  and  overseeing  State programs  for:
(1) correction  of  existing  SIPs  and  control  measures in areas not meeting the 1987
attainment deadline for the  ozone and carbon monoxide NAAQSs; (2)  implementation  of
the NAAQSs  for PM^o;  and  (3) implementation of  the June  1985  National  Air Toxics
Strategy.

     Consistent with the post-1987 strategy for  ozone  and  carbon  monoxide, Regions
are notifying  States of  needed revisions  to  current  State Implementation  Plans
(SIPs).  The Regions are guiding States developing  SIPs required by the EPA notifi-
cations within the post-1987  nonattainment areas.  Regions are  working  with States
to update baseline inventories and data bases and to develop appropriate corrective
SIPs and  control  measures.   Regions are working with  the States  in the Northeast
corridor and Mid-Atlantic  region to employ the regional  oxidant model where intercity
transport will  require  controls over  large  geographic  areas.  Major  guidance and
support is also being provided to help States  complete SIPs  to  meet the NAAQSs for
PMjo within the 180 Group  I and  II areas.   Regions  are to  commence  review and
rulemaking actions on the PMjo plans submitted  by the States.

     Consistent with the National  Air Toxics Strategy, programs are being undertaken
to significantly help States implement  multi-year plans for improving and conducting
air toxics programs.  Efforts in 1988 are focusing on helping States to: (1) improve
assessment capabilities and  data  bases  to  manage  air toxics  risks;   (2)  improve
efforts in the  agencies having plan  commitments  to  evaluate  and mitigate exposures
                                       A-49

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from non-NESHAPs  point  sources  with high  Individual  risk;  (3)  complete  Initial
screening programs to  identify and  assess  complex air toxics  problems within  30
large urban areas; and (4) continue  pilot programs  for mitigating toxics  exposures
within five selected urban areas.

     A new cycle  for the  biennial  National  Air Audit System is  commencing  1n 1988.
Regions will work  with  States to  identify  key deficiencies  in State programs  in
order to improve program  performance. Regions are also negotiating grant agreements
with States, implementing Agency policy on  performance-based  grants  and  overseeing
grantee performance in meeting commitments and  schedules.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of $12,593,000 supported  by  289.0 total
workyears for this program, of which  $12,043,800  was from  the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $549,200  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and   Compliance
appropriation.

     During 1987  the  Regional air management  program  continued  to  focus  on  the
implementation of the Agency's post-1982 attainment policy  for  remedying  deficient
SIPs in areas violating  the  NAAOSs.   Assistance  was provided to  States  developing
various SIPs and  regulatory  measures.   States  SIPs  were  reviewed for  consistency
and appropriate Federal Register actions were  completed.  Also, guidance and tech-
nical expertise were  provided to help States define requirements,  assess  possible
problems, and  prepare to respond to the  NAAQSs  for PMjt) promulgated  in  July
1987.  Consistent with the National Air Toxics Strategy, initiatives were undertaken
to help States prepare, revise, and implement multi-year plans to  build and enhance
air toxics programs and  to gather data needed to assess specific  high risk  pollutant
or source situations.

     Other significant• actions included  working  with  the  States  to  correct  key
deficiencies identified  in  the  1986 National  Air Audits.   Steps  were  taken  to
negotiate effective  grant agreements with  State  and  local  agencies  implementing
Agency policy~on performance-based  grants.
                                        A-50

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                                                      AIR
                                    Trends Monitoring & Progress Assessment
                                 ACTUAL
                                  1987
                    BUDGET
                   ESTIMATE
                     1988
        ENACTED
          1988
        CURRENT
       ESTIMATE
         1988
        REQUEST    INCREASE  +
         1989      DECREASE  -
                1989  VS  1988
PROGRAM
                                            (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $3,553.7   $3,922.5   $3,702.6   $3.702.6   $3,502.6   -$200.0
          $224.8     $114.2     $114.2     $114.2     $114.2

TOTAL   $3,778.5   $4,036.7  .$3,816.8   $3,816.8   $3,616.8   -$200.0
Air Quality & Emissions
Data Management &
Analysis
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
        $3,454.6   $3,455.1   $3,534.6   $3,534.6   $3,750.4    $215.8
        $3,184.5   $1,161.2   $1,161.2   $1,564.4   $3,599.4  $2,035.0

TOTAL   $6,639.1   $4,616.3   $4,695.8   $5,099.0   $7,349.8  $2,250.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatenent Control and
 Compliance

Trends Monitoring &
Progress Assessment
        $7,008.3   $7,377.6   $7,237.2   $7,237.2   $7,253.0     $15.8
        $3,409.3   $1,275.4   $1,275.4   $1,678.6   $3,713.6  $2,035.0
TOTAL  $10,417.6   $8,653.0   $8,512.6   $8,915.8  $10,966.6  $2,050.8
PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
            81.0
92.5
92.5
85.3
87.5
2.2

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                                                                    AIR
                                                  Trends Monitoring  &  Progress  Assessment

                                               ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                1987     ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE     1989      DECREASE -
                                                           1988                   1988              1989 YS 1988
                                                          (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)

              Air Quality & Emissions             63.5       65.6        65.6       67.1       70.6       3.5
              Data Management &
              Analysis

              TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS          144.5      158.1       158.1      152.4      158.1       5.7


              TOTAL WORKYEARS
              Ambient A1r Quality                 87.7       92.5       92.5       92.5       87.5      -5.0
^             Monitoring
i
$             Air Quality & Emissions             65.6       65.6       65.6       67.1       70.6       3.5
              Data Management &
              Analysis

              TOTAL WORKYEARS                    153.3      158.1      158.1      159.6      158.1      -1.5

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                                        AIR


                 Trends Monitoring and Progress Assessment
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $10,966,600  supported  by 158.1 total  workyears
for 1989, reflecting an  increase of $2,050,800 and a decrease of 1.5 total  workyears
from 1988.  Of the  request $7,253,000  will  be for  the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,713,600 will  be for the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appro-
priation, an increase  of  $15,800  for  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation and  an
increase of  $2,035,000  in  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.

Program Description

This subactivity includes the following programs:

     Ambient Air Quality Monitoring  —   Activities   in   this  program   include:
(1) EPA's management overview of  State  ambient air quality  monitoring  networks,
associated laboratory and  field quality  assurance activities, and  implementation
of air monitoring strategies  described in EPA air monitoring  regulations;  (2)  the
coordination of Regional  and State field investigation activities  for  collecting
ambient air  quality samples  for  subsequent  sample  analysis  and related  quality
control; (3) the review of  source  emissions data;  and (4)  the  necessary management
and coordination to ensure timely storage  and validation  of  the data  collected.

     Air Quality and Emissions Data Management and  Analysis  —   Major  activities
include: (1) national  coordination of Regional  Office,  State,  and local  ambient
monitoring, air quality modeling, and  emission  inventory programs; (2)  issuance  of
new and revised regulatory requirements and related technical guidance;  (3) develop-
ment and operation  of  information  management systems for  storing, retrieving,  and
analyzing ambient air  quality and emission data at  the State and  national level;
and (4) preparation of  trends analyses  and related air quality and  emission progress
assessments for  program evaluation  and  development and   for public  information
needs.


AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $3,616,800  supported  by  87.5 total  workyears
for this program, of which $3,502,600  will  be for  the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation  and  $114,200  will  be   for the Abatement, Control and  Compliance appro-
priation.  This represents  a  decrease of  $200,000  in  the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation,  no change in the Abatement, Control  and Compliance  appropriation  and
a decrease of 5.0 total workyears.  The decrease reflects  the  reduced  frequency  of
audits of State and local  air quality monitoring programs  and the transition  from
total  suspended particulate (TSP)  monitoring to PMjo monitoring only.

     In 1989 the ten EPA Regional  Offices will continue  overview  and management  of
State air monitoring programs.  Part  of  the  overview and management will  include
section 105 grants  review.   They  will also  continue the coordination of air  data
bases involving emission  data, criteria  pollutant  air quality  data  and  related
precision  and   accuracy  information  necessary   for  quantifying  data   quality.
                                        A-53

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     The data bases  from the National Air Monitoring  System (NAMS) and the  State
and Local  Air Monitoring System (SLAMS)  networks  will  be validated  for  completeness
and accuracy.  Any new  or revised NAMS sites  will  be visited, evaluated, and  ap-
proved.  Data analyses,  including  air  quality  trend  information,  will  be  deve-
loped as Input to  the  Regional  Trends Reports.  In the area of quality  assurance,
significant resources will  be used  for on-site  systems  audits  of State  networks
and monitors.  Regional  laboratories  will  continue to participate  in  the  national
air audit program.  The  start-up  of State size-specific  particulate matter  (PMig)
networks will continue  with review  of the NAMS/SLAMS network  and site visits  to
verify compliance  with  40  CFR 58  monitoring  regulations.   The  reviews  of  PMjg
network descriptions begun in 1988 should  be largely completed  by  the  end  of 1989,
but reviews  of ambient  data and sampling  frequency  will  continue  at  a high  level
to  support  attainment  detenninations  and   on  possible   control  strategies in
additional  areas.

     Regions will  be  involved in the  implementation  of the Toxics Air Monitoring
System (TAMS) in  cooperation with  the Office of Research and Development  and  State/
local agencies.

     Resources will also  be used to provide monitoring/quality assurance  support
and technical assistance to States in evaluating  the impact of sources of  specific
toxic air pollutants.  The  sources  would  be ones considered for  regulation  under
State control programs.   A  high level  of  support will be  continued to programs to
upgrade and update data  bases for  carbon  monoxide  and ozone nonattainment  areas.
In the area of air toxics, resources will  be used for management, coordination,  and
technical  assistance necessary to develop  a toxics  emission data base in  about 30
geographic areas.  Technical assistance and support  will  be provided to improve  the
capabilities of State/local  monitoring operations.

1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total of  $3,816,800 supported by  92.5 total
workyears for this program,  of which $3,702,600  is from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $114,200  is  from  the  Abatement,   Control    and   Compliance
appropriation.

     In  1988  the  Regions  are  continuing   the baseline  program  of  overview  and
management of State  emissions and  air  quality  monitoring  programs.   The  Regions
are also continuing their program  of on-site visits to  review/audit NAMS  networks
and a small percentage of SLAMS networks.   The validation,  management, and  coordi-
nation of  State  and  local  air. quality  and emission  data  bases  before they  are
submitted to EPA  central  data banks  also  continues.   In 1988 special  emphasis is
being placed on  refining network  descriptions  for  both NAMS and  SLAMS  to  ensure
that they meet all  monitoring  objectives  and the criteria contained in 40 CFR  58.
The Regions and  States  are  expected to complete their  analysis of the total  SLAMS
monitoring network  needed to  support  PMjo State  Implementation  Plan  development
and subsequent tracking of progress and trends and to continue network implementation
efforts.

     To  support   the   development    of   post-1987   ozone/carbon   monoxide   State
Implementation Plans  (SIPs),  Regional Office  efforts  to  improve  the  quality  and
timeliness of ambient and emission data bases are being increased over  1987 levels.
Quality assurance  activities  and   State   audits  are  continuing  with  additional
emphasis placed on the National Air Audit  System  (NAAS).
                                         A-54

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the  Agency obligated  $3,778,500  supported  by  87.7 total workyears,
of which $3,553,700 was  from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and  $224,800
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.  Contract funds  from
the Abatement, Control   and   Compliance  appropriation  were  used  for   Regional
data analysis.

     The SLAMS networks were  reviewed and  an assessment  of equipment needs  was  made
for carbon monoxide and  ozone monitoring.  The Regional Offices continued to  work
with States, through the annual review process, in identifying  and  eliminating air
monitoring sites that have only marginal utility or are the least useful in  support-
ing program decisions.   The  Regions  continued their  programs  of  site visits  to
evaluate and document NAMS stations, as well as a small  percentage of SLAMS stations.
Laboratories  were evaluated for proper operating  and quality assurance procedures.
The management, coordination,  and validation  of  State and  local  air quality  and
emission data  before  submission to EPA's central data banks also continued.   In
1987, special  emphasis was placed on reviewing the data bases upon  which attainment
status determinations  will  be made for the revised  National  Ambient Air  Quality
Standards (NAAQSs)  for PMjo«  The TAMS network continued to be operated  in three
cities, with a fourth city selected and scheduled  for start-up in 1988.


AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $7,349,800 supported by 70.6 total workyears
for this  program,  of  which  $3,750,400  will  be for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and  $3,599,400 will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  increases  of  $215,800  in  the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation, $2,035,00 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation and
an increase  of 3.5  total  workyears.   The increase  in  Salaries  and  Expenses  is
associated with increased personnel and support costs  as  well  as for  reprogramming
for regional ozone modeling,  while the increase for Abatement,  Control and Compliance
will allow the development of  expanded  retrieval  and analysis capabilities for the
Aerometric and  Information and Retrieval  (AIRS)  Air  Quality  Subsystem,  the  com-
pletion  of  basic  software  for  the  AIRS  Facility  Subsystem,  and  training and
operational support to Regional Office,  State and  local  users  of these  systems.
Additional resources  will  also allow  for the development of  emission  factors and
guidance to  prepare emission  inventories  needed for  the post-1987  ozone/carbon
monoxide SIPs  and  for development of  data  bases  and testing  of  control  strategies
to apply  the  regional  oxidant  model  to  the Northeast  and Mid-Atlantic  States.

     The existing  air data  systems  will  be maintained  and  guidance  provided  to
users.  Monitoring  regulations, modeling  guidance,  emission  factors,  and  computer
software will  be  modified  to accommodate changes to the  NAAQSs.   The  program  will
provide specialized scientific  data and guidance  to  States developing  SIPS for the
revised NAAQSs for PMig.  The program will  also develop data and technical  guidance
to support new  and revised NAAQSs, with  emphasis  on rural ozone and  fine particu-
lates.  Specialized analyses will also be  conducted to  assist  in resolving remaining
post-1987 nonattainment  problems  including efforts to develop and  test  strategies
for controlling ozone  precursors in the  Northeast and Mid-Atlantic  States through
application of  regional  transport  analyses,  development  of  emission  factors and
inventory guidance,  and provision of  modeling support to  States  developing  ozone
SIPs.  The modeling program will continue  with  active implementation of the modeling
guideline; guidance  and  oversight of  modeling   applications;  impact  analyses  to
                                       A-55

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support New Source  Performance Standards (NSPSs), National Emission  Standards  for
Hazardous Air Pollutants  (NESHAPs),  and NAAQSs development;  and operation  of  the
modeling clearinghouse.  The program will also produce ambient  and  emission trends
analyses and  progress  assessments,  provide national  oversight  of Regional  Office
and State and local monitoring programs, and manage the  NAMS  network.  Development
of a fine particulate monitoring strategy will  be  continued.   The program will  also
continue development  of  the  facility  subsystem  of  the  AIRS and provide  initial
access provided to  Regional  Office  and  other  EPA users.   Support of the  AIRS  air
quality subsystem will  be provided  to the  initial  twenty users, and arrangements
for adding eight to twelve  additional  agencies will be Initiated.  A  comprehensive
user support  program  with  extensive  documentation  and   on-site training will  be
implemented.

     In the area of air  toxics,  implementation  of the Agency's  National  Air Toxics
Strategy will  continue with the development of guidelines on  ambient  monitoring and
on estimating emissions and developing emissions inventories  for several  pollutants
and/or source categories  of  concern  to State or  local agencies.  The program  will
continue to  implement the  national  toxic  monitoring strategy.  During  1989  the
program will continue to  provide guidance  and  management  of  State/local  efforts to
identify and  quantify  ambient air and emissions  levels  of toxic pollutants in 30
urban areas,  manage prototype analyses  in  selected  cities,  conduct workshops on
planning programs to  characterize and  quantify the toxics problems within  a city,
and develop guidance to relate volatile  organic compound  (VOC)  species to  selected
toxic air pollutants.  Efforts to provide guidance oh the application of air quality
screening models for selected toxic  pollutants will  be expanded.

1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total  of $5,099,000 supported  by  67.1 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $3,534,600  is from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $1,564,400  is   from the  Abatement,  Control  and   Compliance
appropriation.

     During 1988 the  program  is  focusing  on  five priority  areas:   (1)  providing
support to  the'  Regional  .Offices  and   initial  State ..users  of the  air  quality
subsystem of  AIRS  and continuing system design  and  software development  for  the
facility subsystem  of AIRS;  (2)  providing  guidance consultation  on  techniques
required to assess attainment of  the  NAAQSs for PMjri and on the technical  procedures
for design  and  documentation of PM^Q  networks and use  of PM^o emission  factors;
(3) providing  support  to  the  post-1987  ozone/carbon  monoxide  program  through
consultation/review  of  model  applications  and   inventories  under   development;
(4) initiating  a project  to  assess  and  evaluate  ozone  and  precursor  transport
problems in the  Northeast and Middle  Atlantic  States;  and (5)   continued  national
management of State/local  efforts to assess and  control  the  air toxics  problem in
selected urban areas.

     Implementation of the toxic ambient monitoring strategy  is  continuing  with the
expansion of the TAMS network  from three to four  cities  and  with evaluation of the
"urban mixtures" problem.  Emission factors  for  toxic  compounds  and guidance on
toxic inventories  are being  issued.  The  modeling  program  is being  maintained.
Operation of  the model  clearinghouse  and  photochemical  and  dispersion  modeling
guidance activities are continuing.  Diffusion modeling  is also continuing for all
pollutants regulated by NAAQSs.  For ozone, the models used to determine the degree
of control  required  in   nonattainment  areas  are  being  refined  and  procedures
implemented to minimize  their misapplication.  The program  is   also  continuing to
provide national  oversight and management of the SLAMS/NAMS networks.
                                       A-56

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency obligated $6,639,100  supported  by  65.6 total  workyears for
this program, of which  $3,454,600 was  from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,184,500 from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1987 emphasis continued  on  operating the existing  air  data  systems  and on
providing support to 35 State  and local  agencies using  EPA developed data systems.
Other major activities  included:  national  oversight  of State and local monitoring
programs including on-site audits of  22  NAMS monitors and  10 potential  PMjo  sites,
and modeling  guidance   and  support  including  operation  of the  control  strategies
clearinghouse.  The emissions program concentrated on issuing PMjo emission factors
and managing Regional  Office and State  efforts  to  develop an  emissions  data  base
for acid  precipitation  assessments.  Diffusion  modeling   support  continued  for
estimating the effect  of  toxic  emissions on the environment  as the Agency's Air
Toxics Strategy  was  implemented.  Development  of the  AIRS air  quality  subsystem
continued with  six  States  trained  and  brought  on-line,   and  development  of  the
facility subsystem continued.
                                        A-57

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Enforcement

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page
AIR

    ENFORCEMENT
       Stationary Source Enforcement	  A-59
       Mobile Source Enforcement	  A-64
                                        A-58

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                                                                  AIR
                                                     Stationary  Source  Enforcement

                                                ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                 1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                            1988                  1988              1989 YS 1988
                                                         (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

               PROGRAM
               Stationary Source
               Enforcement
                Salaries & Expenses           $11,528.9  $13,158.4  $12,595.8  $12,595.8  $12,718.0    $122.2
                Abatenent Control  and          $3,001.0   $2,830:1   $2,830.1   $2,830.1   $3,180.1    $350.0
                Compliance
                                       TOTAL  $14.529.9  $15,988.5  $15,425.9  $15.425.9  $15,898.1    $472.2


>              TOTAL:

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>

o
                                                                   AIR
                                                      Stationary  Source  Enforcement

                                                ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST    INCREASE  +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE  -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS  1988
                TOTAL  HORKYEARS
                                                          (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)
                Stationary  Source
                Enforcement

                TOTAL  WORKYEARS
293.4
293.4
316.4
316.4
316.4
316.4
311.1
311.1
314.4
314.4
3.3
3.3

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                                    AIR


                       Stationary Source Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $15,898,100  supported  by 314.4 total  workyears
for 1989,  an  increase  of  $472,200 and   3.3-total  workyears  from 1988.   Of  the
request, $12,718,000  will   be  for  the  Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation  and
$3,180,100 will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,
representing increases of $122,200 and $350,000, respectively.

Program Description

     The stationary source enforcement program provides direct Federal enforcement,
together with  support  to  and  coordination  with  State  and  local  air  pollution
agencies, as  required  to   ensure  that  stationary  sources   achieve  and  maintain
compliance with the  requirements  of  the  Clean  Air  Act.   The  EPA Headquarters
component provides  national policy and guidance,  while the Regional Office program
implements the enforcement effort and bolsters State activity.

     Stationary Source Enforcement — This program focuses primarily on enforcement
of the  requirements established in State Implementation Plans  (SIPs)  for meeting
National Ambient  Air Quality  Standards  (NAAQSs).  The  enforcement  program  also
focuses on new source programs such as New Source Performance Standards (NSPSs)  and
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).

     As a result of industry efforts in controlling emissions and the  effectiveness
of State, local, and Federal control programs, approximately 90 percent of the more
than 26,000 largest stationary sources have achieved compliance with all applicable
emission limitations.  Although the current  rate  of compliance represents a signi-
ficant achievement,  efforts  must continue  to ensure  that  remaining   sources  come
into compliance with present standards, that compliance is obtained with any new or
revised standards, and that compliance is maintained.  EPA will continue to provide
State and  local agencies with technical  support  in  their  efforts  to  realize these
goals and, where appropriate, initiate its own enforcement actions.


STATIONARY SOURCE ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $15,898,100  supported  by 314.4 total  workyears
for this  program,  of  which  $12,718,000 will  be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $3,180,100  will  be for  the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $122,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an  increase  of  $350,000  in the  Abatement,   Control and Compliance
appropriation, and  an  increase  of  3;3   total  workyears.   The increases  reflect
initiatives to  evaluate  volatile  organic  compound  (VOC)  rule  effectiveness  in
ozone nonattainment areas.

     In 1989 the  stationary  source  compliance program  will  continue its compliance
monitoring and  enforcement  efforts  to  ensure  (in  concert  with  the  States)  the
compliance of  SIP,  NSPS, and  NESHAPs  sources.   The focus  of the  program  will  be
on addressing  sources  in  nonattainment  areas,   with  particular  emphasis  on  VOC
sources in  ozone, nonattainment  areas.   Implementation of  the  strategies  for  the
NESHAPs for asbestos demolition and renovation program and for  vinyl  chloride  will
continue, as  will  initiatives  to  enforce  the  other  NESHAPs.  An implementation
strategy for the hazardous organic compound NESHAPs program will also  be developed.
There are plans to  conduct 60 NESHAPs inspections.
                                        A-61

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     In 1989 this  program will continue  a  comprehensive program to  determine  the
effectiveness of VOC rules.  This program will  initiate a new compliance monitoring
and inspection targeting program that will ensure better utilization  of inspection
resources.  Data from VOC  sources will be collected  by inspections and  other means
and evaluated to determine efficiency of control methods, actual compliance  rates,
and actual size of  inventory.   This effort  will complement the  rule  effectiveness
evaluation initiative in  the  air quality management implementation program  and is
an integral component of  the  Agency's  post-1987 ozone strategy.  This  effort will
provide resources for 12 ozone nonattainment area assessments.  Workshop  and techni-
cal support activities will be directed at improving  efforts  in ozone  nonattainment
areas.  The  initiative  to  enhance  VOC  compliance  in  ozone  nonattainment  areas,
including addressing small VOC sources,  will  continue in 1989.   In  the VOC program,
there are plans to conduct 951  inspections,  to  issue 70 administrative  orders,  and
to initiate 38 litigation referrals.

     In  1989  this  program  will   continue  to  review  proposed  PMjo  SIPs  for
enforceability and ensure  compliance by  sources subject to newly  promulgated PM^o
SIPs.  In  the  particulate program,  there  are  plans to  conduct 521 inspections,
issue 33  administrative  orders, and make 19 litigation referrals.   Also  in 1989,
enforcement of continuous emission monitoring (CEM)  requirements for  sulfur dioxide
(SO;?) and  other  sources  will continue.  In  the (S02)  program, there are  plans to
conduct 328  inspections,  issue 19  administrative  orders, and make   16  litigation
referrals.

     In 1989 EPA Headquarters will develop policy guidance and planning and budgeting
materials; review  selected Regional activities  and  Regional  program performance;
assure the enforceability  of proposed Agency regulations under NSPSs, NESHAPs,  and
New Source/prevention  of  significant   deterioration  (PSD)  programs;  respond   to
formal inquiries;  manage  the   Compliance  Data  System  (CDS);  develop   workshops,
manuals, and pilot studies; and manage  a program to  provide  technical analysis  and
case support for  Regional compliance activities.   In  addition, Headquarters will
be involved in the implementation of the woodstove  NSPS program. This will involve
implementing a laboratory  audit program, accrediting laboratories, and  overviewing
woodstove certification.   Approximately 250  woodstove production lines will require
certification  in  1989.   Implementation  efforts  will   also   include   conducting
parameter inspections at retail outlets.

     During 1989 the Federal compliance program will  continue to provide assistance
in selected Federal  judicial referrals,  consent decrees, and  section 120 actions.
The Regional Offices  will  also  provide training  and  workshops  for  State inspectors
and support development of local compliance  strategies.


1988 Program

     The Agency  1s  allocating  a total  of   $15,425,900  supported by 311.1  total
workyears for this program, of  which $12,595,800 1s  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and  $2,830,100  is  from  the   Abatement,  Control  and   Compliance
appropriation.

     The major  focus of the stationary  source program  in 1988 is to  ensure that
noncomplying significant  violators  are  brought  into compliance.  This  program is
continuing oversight  of  the Regional programs  to  ensure national  consistency  and
effectiveness through a  combination of  a  comprehensive programmatic review and a
review of  certain  classes of  enforcement actions.   This program is  continuing to
assure the  enforceability of proposed EPA  regulations; manage the  CDS, including
CDS activities related to the development of the new Aerometric Information Retrieval
System (AIRS); manage the contract support  program; develop technical  and program
guidance; and conduct planning  and  budgeting activities.  A major activity in 1988
is working  jointly  with  State  and  local pollution  control  agencies to  develop a
compliance  monitoring  and  inspection  targeting  program  that  allows  Regional
Offices and State  and local  agencies to  better utilize their inspection resources.
                                        A-62

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     In 1988  the Regional  air compliance  program will  continue to  monitor  and
ensure the  compliance  of the  26,000  largest  stationary  sources,  the 2,500  NSPS
sources, and the 1,500 nontransitory NESHAPs sources.  Implementation of the NESHAPs
program for  asbestos  demolition  and  renovation,  addressing approximately  40,000
notifications, will continue.  Efforts to improve working  relationships with State
and local air  pollution  agencies and  to  improve their technical capabilities  are
continuing.  Federal enforcement  actions, where required, are focusing heavily  on
violating sources in nonattainment areas, with particular emphasis on  VOC  sources.
The program  is developing  guidance for  implementing a  comprehensive program  to
determine whether  adopted VOC  measures  are  being effectively  implemented.   This
program will  review proposed PMjo  SIPs  for enforceability  and  ensuring   no back-
sliding from  existing  total suspended particulate requirements  and ensuring  SO-
sources meet CEM requirements.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency  obligated a total  of $14,529,900  supported  by 293.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $11,528,900 was from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $3,001,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appro-
priation.  Extramural resources were used for enforcement case development activi-
ties, compliance monitoring,  Regional  data management,  development  of technical
workshops, and manuals to enhance State and  local program capabilities, and limited
direct case assistance to States.

     Major Headquarters accomplishments included:   development of the NSPS woodstove
implementation program; completion  of  the VOC  calculation and  recordkeeping  guide;
initiation of a comprehensive VOC training program; and completion of the small  VOC
source compliance strategy.

     Other major Headquarters  program  accomplishments  in 1987 included: review  of
proposed Agency  regulations under  NSPSs,  NESHAPs,  and   new source/PSD programs;
management of  the  CDS;   support  of  State   compliance  data program  development;
provision of  technical  analysi-s and case  support  for Regional  Office compliance
activities, and development  of technical  workshops to enhance the capabilities  of
State and local  programs.   Also during 1987, EPA  issued  112 administrative  orders
and conducted 1,680 inspections.
                                        A-63

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                                                   AIR
                                        Mobile Source Enforcement


PROGRAM
Mobile Source
Enforcement
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
ACTUAL
1987


$5,334.5
$1,928.1
$7,262.6
$5,334.5
$1,928.1
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988-
(DOLLARS IN
-
$5,491.0
$1,909.6
$7,400.6
$5,491.0
$1.909.6
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)

$5,410.8
$1,909.6
$7,320.4
$5,410.8
$1,909.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988


$5,410.8
$1,909.6
$7,320.4
$5,410.8
$1,909.6
REQUEST
1989


$5,464.9
$2,309.6
$7,774.5
$5,464.9
$2,309.6
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198


$54.1
$400.0
$454.1
$54.1
$400.0
 Compliance

Mobile Source
Enforcement
TOTAL   $7,262.6   $7,400.6   $7,320.4   $7,320.4   $7,774.5    $454.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Mobile Source
Enforcement
            97.0
106.6
106.6
105.8
105.8
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            97.0
106.6
106.6
105.8
105.8

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3>
CM
in
                                                                  .AIR
                                                        Mobile Source Enforcement

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                Mobile Source
                Enforcement

                TOTAL WORKYEARS
102.0
102.0
106.6
106.6
106.6
106.6
105.8
105.8
105.8
105.8

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                                    AIR


                         Mobile Source Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  a  total  of $7,774,500 supported by  105.8  total  workyears
for 1989,  an  increase  of $454,100 and  no  change  in total  workyears from  1988.
Of the request, $5,464,900  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$2,309,600  will  be  for  the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,
increases of $54,100 and $400,000, respectively.

Program Description

     The mobile  source  enforcement  program  is  directed  primarily  at  ensuring
compliance with the motor vehicle emission standards and  fuel  regulations required
by the Clean  Air  Act.   The activities  carried  out  as part  of this  program are
designed to ensure that new and  in-use vehicles are  capable of  meeting emission
standards throughout their  useful  life,  that vehicle emission control  systems are
not removed or  rendered inoperative,  that vehicles incapable  of meeting  emissions
standards are  not  imported into  the  country,  and   that  harmful  additives  are
absent in  gasoline.  The  program  also  includes the  issuance  of California  and
statutory emissions waivers.


MOBILE SOURCE ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $7,774,500 supported by  105.8  total  workyears
for this  program,   of   which  $5,464,900  will   be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $2,309,600  will  be  for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents'an increase of $54,100 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an  increase  of  $400,000  in the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation, and no change in total  workyears.  The increases reflect implementa-
tion of  the  Agency's ozone control  strategy through enforcement  of the  vehicle
fuel volatility rules.

     In support of the  ozone  control  policy, the recall program  will  investigate
15 suspect light-duty vehicle  classes  and seven light-duty  truck classes, together
with carrying  out  related diagnostic  evaluation  and  remedy development  work.  An
estimated seven emissions  waiver  requests  from the  State  of  California will  be
processed.  The regulatory  revision of the  imports program (promulgated  in  1987)
will be  fully  implemented.   Investigations  into  the  operations  of importers  with
resale vehicles are being expanded in order to ensure that the certification proce-
dures are  adequately  implemented.  The  Selective Enforcement Audit  (SEA) program
will conduct ten audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities, six audits of heavy-
duty manufacturer  facilities,   and  three  production  compliance  audits in  support
of the nonconformance penalties (NCR)  program to ensure that new production vehicles
and engines meet emissions and NCR requirements.

     The field  enforcement  program will  consist  of inspections  of  vehicle fueling
facilities as  well  as  the  investigation of suspected  tampering  and  misfueling
incidents.  The fuels inspection  effort  will continue the  program, which began in
1988, of sampling  fuels for alcohol and other  fuel additives  to ensure that legal
limits are not  exceeded.   Lead  phasedown  enforcement (to  ensure that  refineries,
importers and distributors are  complying with  the  lead phasedown rules) will involve
20 audits and the  active caseload will  increase to  approximately 46 major violations.
A total  of 525  tampering  investigations will  result in  approximately  52  notices of
                                        A-66

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violation.  Audits of the incidence of tampering and fuel  switching  will  be carried
out at 15 sites primarily to gauge the effectiveness of the anti-tampering programs
being  implemented  by  the  State and  local  jurisdictions.   EPA will continue  to
assist with the development   of  State and local programs  aimed  at  preventing tam-
pering and  fuel   switching.   It  is  anticipated that  nine  new programs  will  be
implemented, thus  bringing  the  total  to  54.  The fuel   volatility  program  will
provide for 5,000 inspections of  retail  fuel  outlets, refiners, and distributors
to ensure that fuels meet  volatility  standards. These inspections  are expected  to
identify approximately 250 violations of the volatility limits.


1988 Program

     In 1988  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $7,320,400  supported  by  105.8
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $5,410,800 is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $1,909,600 is from the Abatement, Control and  Compliance
appropriation.

     The recall program is  continuing with the investigation of 15 suspect light-duty
vehicle classes and seven light-duty  truck classes,  together with related  diagnostic
evaluation and  remedy  development work.  An  estimated seven emissions  waiver re-
quests from the  State  of California are being  processed.   The  regulatory revision
for the  imports  program is being implemented.  The program  is  processing an esti-
mated 25,000  applications  for  importation  of  nonconforming  vehicles.  The  SEA
program is  shifting   focus  by  conducting  12  audits   of light-duty  manufacturer
facilities and six audits  of heavy-duty  manufacturer facilities to  ensure that new
production vehicles  and engines  meet  emission requirements.   Approximately  1,200
consumer inquiries on emission warranty issues will be answered.  The ant1-tampering
and anti-fuel  switching  enforcement  programs  are expected to result in 400 notices
of violations  of  which  approximately -34  cases will be referred to the  Department
of Justice  for prosecution.   Audits  of  tampering  and  fuel  switching   are  being
carried out  at 15  sites.   EPA  is continuing  to  assist  with  the development  of
State and  local  programs aimed at preventing tampering and  fuel switching.   It  is
anticipated that  nine  new  programs will  be implemented, th.us bringing the total  to
45.  Also,  a  study of the effects of using unleaded and  low lead  gasoline in farm
equipment is  being completed.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987  the Agency  obligated $7,262,600  supported  by  102.0  total workyears
for this  program, of  which  $5,334,500  was from the  Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation  and   $1,928,100   was    from   the  Abatement,  Control   and   Compliance
appropriation.

     Under the recall program, 32 light-duty vehicle investigations  were conducted
resulting in  one  recall affecting  nearly 1.3 million   vehicles.  An  additional  16
voluntary recalls,  completed  as  a  result  of  EPA  investigations,  affected  over
900,000 vehicles.  One  California waiver was  issued.   The SEA program conducted 18
audits of light-duty manufacturer facilities  and-two  audits of heavy-duty manufac-
turer facilities  to ensure that  new  production  vehicles and engines meet emissions
requirements.  Inquiries  and  applications  for the importation  of  nonconforming
vehicles continued with  the processing of 26,000 applications.

     The anti-tampering  and  anti-fuel   switching   enforcement  program  continued.
Accomplishments included  the  establishment  of  four  new programs   by  States  and
localities; 9,000 fuel   inspections  for  compliance with  lead,  nozzle,   and  label
regulations;  issuance of 417 notices of violation in the tampering and  fuel switching
programs; and  evaluation of  three fuel and  fuel additive  waiver requests.  A study
of the  effects of the  lead  phasedown regulations  on  farm equipment  was started.
                                        A-67

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WATER QUALITY

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                         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                               1989 Budget Estimate

                                Table of Contents



WATER QUALITY                                                               WO-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Water Quality Research	  WQ-10
          Scientific Assessment	  WQ-15
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	  WQ-16
          Health Effects	  WQ-17
          Environmental Engineering and Technology."	  WQ-18
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  WQ-19
          Great Lakes	WQ-20
    ABATEMENT ft CONTROL
       Water Quality and Grants Program Management	  WQ-22
          Water Quality Management	  WO-25
          Great Lakes Program	  WO-26
          Chesapeake Bay Program;	  WO-28
       Effluent Standards * Guidelines	WO-31
       Grants Assistance Programs	  WQ-34
          Clean Lakes Program	  WO-35
          Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)	WO-36
       Water Quality Strategies Implementation	  WO-38
          Dredge & Fill	  WQ-42
          Ocean Disposal Permits	  WO-44
          Environmental Emergency Response 8 Prevention	  WO-46
          Standards X Regulations	  WO-47
       Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis	WO-49
          Coastal Environment Management....	  WO-51
          Water Quality Monitoring ft Analysis	  WQ-54
       Municipal Source Control	t	WQ-57
          Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	  WO-59
          Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance	  WO-fil
    ENFORCEMENT
          Water Quality Enforcement	  WO-64
          Water Quality Permit Issuance	  WQ-69
                                      WQ-1-

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                     APPROPRIATION
                                                                   WATER QUALITY
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                                               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
JO
ro
                      Salaries & Expenses
                      Abatement Control and
                      Compliance
                      Research & Development
                      Scientific Activities
                      Overseas

                     TOTAL, Water Quality
                      PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                      TOTAL WORKYEARS
                      OUTLAYS
                      AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
 $96,737.2 $104,899.7 $103,043.3 $103,043.3 $108,429.3  $5,386.0
$165,638.3 $123,436.4 $147,983.3 $149,043.3 $148,436.4   -$606.9

  $8,578.3   $8,442.2   $7,848.2   $8,918.9   $8,918.9
      $1.9


$270,955.7 $236,778.3 $258,874.8 $261,005.5 $265,784.6  $4,779.1


   1,987.4    1,965.8    2,121.0    2,098.5    2,101.7       3.2
   2,112.4    2,124.6    2,245.3    2,245.3    2,235.3     -10.0
$239,387.9 $254,739.1 $264,975.2 $267,156.2 $272,328.3  $5,172.1
The Water Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program at a level
of $285,270,000 for 1988 and $410,270,000 for 1989.

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                                   WATER QUALITY


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The Clean Water  Act,  as amended; Marine Protection, Research and  Sanctuaries
Act; and the Plastic  Pollution  Research and  Control  Act of 1987 provide the  leg-
islative basis for  EPA's water quality  programs.   These laws  direct EPA to  take
measures to protect the  nation's  waters in order to  safeguard  public health,  rec-
reational uses, and aquatic life.

     The Water Quality Act of 1987 (WQA), which amended  the Clean Water Act  (CWA),
expanded and strengthened the CWA through  a number of changes  designed to enhance
water quality and improve the well-defined partnership between  EPA and  the States.
The amended  Act  ratifies  existing   programs  (e.g.,  technology-based  and  water
quality-based effluent limits for point source dischargers).  It also provides  new
tools to strengthen existing programs (e.g., administrative  penalties  to streamline
enforcement actions);  establishes  new approaches to address existing water pollution
problems (e.g., a new  program for  control of nonpoint source  pollution)  and funds to
capitalize State revolving loan funds; and mandates requirements  to address existing
and emerging problems (e.g., surface  water  toxic control  programs).

     The Marine Protection,  Research and  Sanctuaries Act  is  designed  to protect
the ocean from  unregulated dumping of  material  that would endanger human health,
public welfare, the marine environment, or  economic  potential.  The Act authorizes
the Agency to develop  criteria  for ocean  disposal  of industrial waste, municipal
sludges and other dredged materials.   EPA is authorized to designate disposal sites
and issue permits for  all  non-dredged materials.   Although  the Corps of Engineers
is responsible for  issuing permits for  dredged materials,  EPA must  review these
applications for consistency with EPA criteria.

     The Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act  of  1987 implements  Annex V of
the International Convention for  the  Prevention  of Pollution from Ships, 1973;   and
establishes programs to identify  and  reduce the  effects of plastic pollution  on  the
marine environment.  Under this  law,  EPA is required  to submit a report  to Congress
on methods to reduce plastic pollution;  assist the  National  Oceanic and  Atmospheric
Administration in conducting a public education  program; prepare a New  York Bight
Restoration Plan; and submit a report to Congress on the problems associated with
plastic debris in the New York  Bight.

     In 1989 and beyond,  the most important goals for water quality programs will
be to protect  the nation's  surface  waters from toxic  and  hazardous  point  source
dischargers; address the most serious water quality problems and the most valuable/
threatened resources in programs such  as nonpoint source  management (NPS), wetlands,
ground water, and estuaries/near  coastal waters;  and maintain the progress made to
date in cleaning up  and developing the infrastructure  to  protect our surface waters.
These priorities reflect an increasing concern with risk  reduction, potential envi-
ronmental benefits and feasibility, and parallel activities legislated  by the WQA.

     EPA will actively encourage  States  to  meet the  goals and  requirements  of  the
amended CWA to the fullest extent possible, and to do so  by developing  State Clean
Water Strategies, an open and consultative  framework  using the latest  techniques of
problem assessment and management.  These Strategies are  to be State plans developed
through an  open  an'd integrated three-step  process  of  waterbody/quality resource
assessment, water resource  targeting,  and  strategic  planning  and management that
addresses surface water  activities  that  have  been  traditionally  managed  under
separate Federal  direction  (such  as  point  source  discharges, nonpoint  sources  of
pollution, estuaries,  and lakes).


                                        WQ-3

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     The 1989 water quality request focuses on three major objectives:  (1)  protect/
restore vulnerable and  valuable ecosystems,  (2)  control  discharges  of toxic  and
hazardous pollutants, and (3) continue environmental gains that we  have achieved —
especially 1n municipal  treatment  — 1n order to  meet the Agency's statutory  re-
quirements.

A. Protect Vulnerable and Valuable  Ecosystems

State Clean Water Strategies (SOWS)

     EPA expects that about half of the States will elect  to develop Strategies by
the Fall of  1988.   In  1989, EPA will continue to  encourage and assist  States with
Strategy Implementation  through  coordination of EPA program  requirements, use  of
grant funds, technical  assistance,  guidance and Information transfer on  Implementing
Strategy components; and  by  making  available expanded  geographic-oriented data
bases.  In addition, some new States may choose to develop SCWS through a targeting
and ranking  exercise and  some  States  may  complete the work commenced  1n  1988.

Advanced Identification of Sensitive Wetlands

     Working with other  Federal agencies,  State and local  governments,  the public,
and Interest  groups, EPA  will  study  geographic   areas  where wetland  (and  other
water) resources  are most  valuable and  vulnerable to  development pressures  and
Identify, 1n  advance of formal  permit decisions,  areas  that may  be  suitable  or
unsuitable for various categories of regulated discharges.  Advanced Identification
1s a  scientifically   sound   and  environmentally   effective  approach  to  pro-
tecting our  water resources, through assessing activities 1n  areas considered most
at risk and  presenting  the  regulated  public with  a clearer  understanding of  the
regulatory process relating to proposals for discharge in a particular area.   Through
early Involvement of Federal, State, and local governments, advanced identification
will reduce  interagency  disagreements  during permit reviews and accelerate permit
decision making.

     Additional  effort in  the  wetlands  research  program  will be   directed toward
determining attainable standards and critical pollutant  load limits  for  priority
wetland types.   Research will  establish wetland-specific water  quality   criteria
designed to prevent  wetland degradation and preserve  wetland  water quality  func-
tions.  Manipulative experiments will  be conducted to  identify the key ecological
factors controlling  the  level  of wetlands function.   Research will result in  im-
proved design of projects to create or restore wetlands.

Near Coastal Waters and Oceans

     EPA's near  coastal  waters program will  continue baseline  surveys  begun  in
1988 to define  overall  environmental problems,  fund additional  pilot  projects  to
identify innovative management techniques for addressing the various coastal  water
problems, and expand the Gulf of Mexico initiative.

     In 1989, twelve estuary projects will  be continuing in various phases in  the
National Estuary Program.   The  Chesapeake Bay Program will continue  to work with
States to  monitor and  analyze  water  quality and biological content, implement
targeted activities  to   control  nonpoint  sources   of  pollution,   and  develop  and
implement a  Baywide toxic  pollutants  strategy.   The  focus   of  the  Great  Lakes
program will continue to shift  from nutrient to toxic  pollutant control in  meeting
legislative requirements and commitments under the  Agreement with Canada.

     The Agency  expects  applications  for ocean  dumping  to  increase  with future
land-ban regulations under the  Resource  Conservation and  Recovery  Act  (RCRA),
revised ocean dumping  regulations  to  comply  with  court  decisions, and  the Navy
Homeporting policy.  Counting  the   12  sites  with  final  designations  expected  in
1989, a total  of 76 sites will be  designated.   EPA  will continue to review  and
issue permits for disposal  at approved sites.  As  required by  1988  regulations,  EPA
                                       WQ-4

-------
will review complex  cross-media  analyses  of land-based vs. ocean disposal  impacts
and collect, beginning  in  1989,  application processing fees.   EPA will expand  its
site management and monitoring activities to ensure permit compliance  and to  monitor
environmental  impacts.

     The research  program  will  develop  and validate  assessment methodologies  to
support comprehensive protection  and management  planning for  estuaries  and near
coastal waters.  Assessment methods are  required to characterize point and nonpoint
sources of  pollution,  determine  the exposure  of  living  resources  to  pollutants,
determine the exposure  of  related  effects  and provide  quantitative risk assessment
for managing  estuarine  and  near  coastal  waters.   This  assessment  concept will
provide the framework for developing and validating needed methodologies,  including
wasteload allocations.

     Using information derived from experience in the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay,
other estuary projects,  and near coastal  pilot projects, EPA will initiate a national
network for information exchange  about near  coastal   water  problems, management
tools, and innovative and successful management techniques. This network  will help
officials, especially local  coastal  zone managers,  to  make  sound  environmental
decisions and use resources most effectively.

Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

     Recognizing that NPS pollution is  a  major  contributor to both toxic and non-
toxic water quality  problems,  EPA  will  guide and assist  States as they  implement
integrated NPS management programs  in accordance  with the requirements of  Section
319 of the  CWA.   The statutory deadline for State submission of these management
programs and assessments is August  1988.  In 1989, EPA will continue  to review  and
assist States to  improve their plans,.encourage  and help  them to target activities
to geographic areas  selected by comparative risk  assessments,  and   integrate  NPS
objectives with  those  of  other water  programs,  such as estuaries/near  coastal
waters, wetlands and  ground-water  protection.   EPA will also provide  guidance  and
technical assistance to States to support their use of  Section  205(j)(5)  grants to
develop and implement State NPS management programs.


B. Control Discharges of Toxic and  Hazardous Pollutants

     By February 4,  1989,  States will develop and submit  to EPA individual  control
strategies (ICS) for  reducing the discharge  of toxic pollutants  and hazardous sub-
stances into impaired waters (i.e., National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPOES) permits based on total  maximum daily loadings  and  wasteload allocations, as
needed, and accompanying fact  sheets).   EPA must  then  review  and approve  or dis-
approve the States'  ICS within 120 days  after  the February 1989 deadline.  These
ICS will (1) address known/suspected point source discharges of  toxic, and  hazardous
substances (i.e.,  those listed  in   connection with Section 307(a) of the CWA  and
other point source discharges causing localized toxic and toxicity impacts  including
chlorine, ammonia  and whole  effluent  toxicity);  (2) be based on  readily  available
data (i.e., listings  of impaired waters are to be developed on  available informa-
tion indicating waters  not meeting water  quality standards);  and (3)  be  developed
where data are readily available to establish water quality-based limits (e.g., data
from Discharge Monitoring  Reports,  permit applications, Fish and  Wildlife Service,
etc.).  Where States  need  to expand their  data  bases  to refine their  lists, they
will develop water quality assessment plans.

     In 1989,  to implement the WQA provisions, EPA and States will issue  or modify
major permits where  assessments  are completed  and toxic/toxicity controls  deter-
mined, issue major permits with toxic/toxicity  limits  or biomonitoring requirements
where assessments have not been completed but toxics problems  have been identified,
and issue Best Available Technology (BAT)  permits to organic chemical  facilities.
As toxic  and  hazardous  pollutants  and  control  needs are  identified,  pretreatment
programs will   become  increasingly important,  and  municipalities   will  need   to


                                        WQ-5

-------
Incorporate appropriate limits Into their program requirements.  EPA will  continue
to audit municipal  pretreatment programs to  assess the  need for  new or  revised
local limits and to determine 1f publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)  are  properly
applying categorical  standards.  To  accompany  the  Increasing  emphasis  on  toxic
controls In permits, EPA will  Implement a Toxics  Control Strategy for NPDES  enforce-
ment that addresses  compliance  monitoring  for toxics and toxidty,  Identifies  how
to track the  results of permittee toxiclty reduction  evaluations,  and recommends
appropriate enforcement  responses.   This  Strategy  will  significantly change  the
NPDES inspection program  and require  Inspections to  Include assessing permittee
bionionitoring and toxics sampling capabilities and performance.

     The amended CWA requires  States  to  adopt  water  quality  standards  for  all
Section 307(a) toxic pollutants for  which EPA  has published criteria  and  where
waters are  Impaired by  such pollutants.   States should  Incorporate appropriate
revisions 1n  conjunction  with the triennial  review  of their  standards.   In  1989,
EPA will work with States (Including those  Indian tribes treated  as  States)  as they
develop such  standards  and will  review and  approve proposed new  and/or  revised
State standards to ensure adoption  of numeric  criteria  for toxic  pollutants, and/or
the adequacy  of  procedures  for adopting narrative  criteria, and  Integration  of
needed site-specific criteria.

     In support of  Improved toxic assessments and  controls,  EPA will expand  Its
surface water monitoring data base and technical  procedures  for.performing  exposure
and risk assessments and Identifying hazards;  and perform exposure and  risk  assess-
ments to Identify toxic  pollutants  that are the most likely candidates for future
307(a) listing or  other regulatory requirements  (e.g., developing  EPA criteria).
EPA will also  develop  controls  and/or guidance for treating  industrial discharges
that are identified  or  suspected  of being  toxic; develop additional EPA criteria;
and develop  and/or  update  guidance for  Identifying Impaired waters, conducting
risk assessments/wasteload allocations, controlling additional toxic and hazardous
substances that contribute  to use  Impairment, and conducting  monitoring programs.

     The research program  will  continue to support EPA's  practice of developing
water quality-based  permit  limitations and Best Conventional  Technology  and  Best
Available Technology limitations 1n  the industrial wastewater program.  Information
developed on  treatability  of RCRA  wastes  will  be  useful  in predicting  effluent
concentrations, POTW pass-through,  and potential  water  quality problems.

C. Continue Environmental Gains

Municipal Wastewater Treatment

     Title VI of the amended CWA provides for a transition from the current construc-
tion grants program  to  a new program  of  State  revolving funds  (SRFs).   EPA  will
award grants to States to capitalize their  SRFs.   These  funds may be used for  loans
and other forms of  n on grant assistance  to communities for construction of wastewater
treatment facilities.  The'SRF program  ushers in expanded State responsibilities and
autonomy in an already extensively delegated program.

     EPA will work closely with States to ensure an effective  transition  of financial
and program management responsibility  to  State and  local governments.  The Agency
will issue  needed  guidance and regulations and  provide  technical  assistance  and
training for management  of  revolving  funds.  At  the same time,  EPA will   continue
essential oversight  of  delegated  State programs  and wastewater  treatment  facility
construction, operations and  maintenance to  ensure compliance  with  construction
grant program  requirements.   Additionally,  EPA  will  continue  efforts  to ensure
timely completion  and closeout of grant-assisted  projects.


                                        WQ-6

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National Municipal  Policy

     The National  Municipal  Policy  deadline  for  municipal  wastewater  treatment
facilities to achieve final effluent limits occurs  in July 1988 and the majority of
these facilities will  achieve  these limits  or be on  enforceable schedules.   However,
EPA anticipates  that  additional  referrals will  be required  in 1989 to  establish
(or re-establish) compliance schedules in judicial consent decrees for approximately
225 major facilities.  EPA will also continue to monitor permit compliance and take
appropriate enforcement action to  help  protect the $48 billion  Federal  investment
in our municipal infrastructure.

Monitoring

     Recognizing the critical  role that water quality monitoring  plays  throughout
Federal and State  surface  water pollution  control  activities, EPA will  continue to
develop and expand the  information  base  and data  systems  needed  for  effective
national decision-making.  This effort  will  support the  integrated  and  geographic
analyses required to assess waters and develop State Clean Vater Strategies,  Indi-
vidual Toxic Control Strategies, and nonpoint  source programs.   EPA  will  work with
States in using new technical  monitoring procedures and methods and will  expand the
data base to include human health  and aquatic life  risks, thereby enhancing EPA and
State capability to identify problems,  assess  water quality  trends,  and  determine
the most effective, targeted risk  management options for addressing water quality
problems.
                                         WQ-7

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MATER QUALITY
Actual
1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Ocean Dumping Permits........
Construction Grants Awards...
Active Const. Grants
Step 3 and Step 2+3 Project
Permits Issued by EPA:
Municipal
Major 	
Sludge Requirements 	
Minor 	
Non -Municipal
Minor 	 	 	

Adjudlcatory Hearings
Settl ed. 	 	
Enforcement Actions:

AOs with Penalties 	
Civil Litigation 	

Clean Lakes Projects
Water Quality Criteria....;..
Cumulative Outputs
Signed 205(g) agreements.....
Final Effluent Guidelines....
Propose Regulations for
Sludge Reuse/Disposal
Opti on s 	
NPDES State Prog. Approvals..
Local Pretreatment Program
Approvals (EPA) 	
National Estuary Projects....
25
514
6,087
796
158
0
446
276
1,166
5
99
2,577
1,002
20
92
14
49
5
.51
34
5
39
373
6
Budget
Estimate
1988
25
300
1,836
800 .
185
0
248
0
3
67
1,951
1,260
150
15
0
12
51
43
5
42
699
9
Current
Estimate
1988
25
626
5,563
874
136
0
0
19?
0
6
55
2,100
346
158
134
14
0
10
51
37
5
39
315
12
Increase (+)
Request Decrease (-)
1989 1989 vs. 1988
25
246
4,659
644
175
0
0
0
0
65
T.900
188
290
110
16
0
5
51
41
5
39
300
12
0
-380
-904
-230
+39
0
0
+42
0
-6
+10
-200
-158
+132
-24
+2
0
-5
0
+4
0
0
-15
0
   WQ-8

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Water Quality Research	 WQ-10
          Scient 1 f 1 c Assessment	WO-15
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	WQ-16
          Health Effects	 WQ-17
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	WQ-18
          Environmental Processes and Effects	I	WQ-19
          Great Lakes	WQ-20
                                      WQ-9

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                                                                   MATER QUALITY
                                                               Water Quality Research
JO

H*
o


PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research A Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Health Effects - Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering And
Technology - Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
/nd Effects - Water
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987


$271.6
$392.1
$663.7
$2,436.3
$788.3
$3,224.6
$1,775.4
$383.1
$2.158.5
$2,375.8
$3,491.8
$5,867.6
$9,257.3
$2,031.8
$11,289.1
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN

$318.5
$357.5
$676.0
$2,653.0
$24.5
$2,677.5
$1.612.5
$965.8
$2.578.3
$2.472.5
$3.323.2
$5,795.7
$9,782.9
$2,273.6
$12,056.5
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)

$299.6
$357.5
$657.1
$2,493.3
$24.5
$2,517.8
$1,564.3
$534.8
$2,099.1
$2,219.0
$3,323.2
$5,542.2
$8,803.6
$2,110.6
$10,914.2
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988


$299.6
$341.7
$641.3
$2.493.3
$908.4
$3,401.7
$1,564.3
$98.0
$1,662.3
$2,219.0
$3,398.4
$5,617.4
$8,803.6
$2,674.8
$11,478.4
REQUEST
1989


$306.2
$341.7
$647.9
$2,547.9
$908.4
$3.456.3
$1.598.6
$98.0
$1.696.6
$2.267.6
$3.398.4
$5.666.0
$8.996.4
$2.674.8
$11.671.2
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198


$6.6
$6.6
$54.6
$54.6
$34.3
$34.3
$48.6
$48.6
$192.8
$192.8

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    Research
and Development

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                                              WATER QUALITY
                                          Water Quality Research

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

Great Lakes Research
Kater
 Salaries 4 Expenses              $439.0     $472.0     $451.6     $451.6     $461.5      $9.9
 Research & Development         $1,491.2   $1,497.6   $1,497.6   $1,497.6   $1,497.6
                        TOTAL   $1,930.2   $1,969.6   $1,949.2   $1,949.2   $1,959.1      $9.9


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses           $16,555.4  $17,311.4  $15,831.4  $15,831.4  $16,178.2    $346.8
 Research & Development         $8,578.3   $8,442.2   $7,848.2   $8,918.9   $8,918.9

Water Quality Research TOTAL   $25,133.7  $25,753.6  $23,679.6  $24,750.3  $25,097.1    $346.8


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
4.6
42.9
22.2
37.6
5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
Engineering And
Technology - Water

Environmental Processes             142.9       165.1       165.1       154.9       154.9
And Effects - Water

Great Lakes Research -               3.9        8.0        8.0        8.0        8.0
Water


TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS           254.1       292.0       292.0       279.1       279.1

-------
      Engineering  Ana
5    Technology - water

*»    environmental  Processes
      And  Effects  - water

      ureat  Lakes  Research  -
      water
                                             WATER QUALITY
                                         Water Quality Research


TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Water
Monitoring Systems And
Quality Assurance -
Water
Health Effects - Water
Environmental
ACTUAL
1987


5.5
48.0
24.8
39.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN

5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)

5.5
47.6
27.1
38.7
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988


5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
REQUEST
1989


5.5
46.3
26.7
37.7
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198






                                   164.5      165.1
                                     6.7
             8.0
                      165.1
8.0
         154.9      154.9
8.0
8.0
TOTAL  WURKYEARS
288.9      292.0      292.0      279.1
                    279.1

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                               Water Quality Research


                           Principal Outputs by Objective


Objective 1;  Develop the Scientific Data to Support a Water Quality Based Approach
to Pollution Control

1989:  o  Ten water quality health advisories (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Development of Wildlife Protection Program (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Evaluate and  standardize  methodology for quantification  of  human patho-
          gens (Monitoring)

1988;  o  Ten water quality advisories (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Health effects bioassay method manual for determining  whether  receiving
          streams meet water quality standards (Health)
       o  Report  on  the  toxicity  identification  of  the  toxic  components  of
          effluents (Environmental Processes)

1987;  o  Distributed calibration materials and audited performance of over  7,000
          major NPDES dischargers (Monitoring)
       o  Report  on  health effects  bioassay methods  for  determining  toxicity
          (Health)
       o  Eleven  water  quality  criteria documents  and  twenty-nine water  quality
          advisories (Environmental  Processes)


Objective 2;  Develop Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal, Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs

1989;  o  Report  on  application  of  population models to impact  assessments at the
          106-mile ocean dumping site (Environmental Processes)
       o  Report on the ecological risk of organic enrichment and contaminants from
          POTWs (Environmental  Processes)
       o  Report  on  methods for  predicting  biological  impacts  of  in-place pollu-
          tants in the  upper Great Lakes  connecting channels  (Environmental  Pro-
          cesses)

1988;  o  Risk assessment  of the  ocean  disposal of dredged material (Environmental
          Processes)
       o  Report  on  the carcinogenic  effects of contaminated sediment on mollusks
          and fish (Environmental  Processes)
       o  Report describing mass balances of toxicants of concern in the upper Great
          Lakes connecting  channels (Environmental  Processes)

1987;  o  Conduct lab/field tests  of  an equilibrium partitioning  bioaccumulation
          model (Environmental  Processes)
       o  Develop risk  assessment methods  for the ocean disposal of  sludge at the
          106-mile ocean dumping site (Environmental Processes)
       o  Report  on  an integrated  Great Lakes  study on  toxics in Monroe Harbor
          (Environmental Processes)


Objective 3:  Evaluation  of  Innovative and Alternative (I/A)  Technologies, Sludge
Management Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and  Technology

1989;  o  Development  of  criteria  documents  for  pathogens in  sludge  (Scientific
          Assessment)


                                         WQ-13

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       o  Standardize methodology  for  collection, identification, and  enumeration
          of human pathogenic organisms 1n sludge and soil  to monitor the safety of
          direct land-application of wastewater and/or sludge (Monitoring)
       o  Report on evaluation of effectiveness of available methodology for reduc-
          ing toxic metals and  organics front  incineration  emissions  (Engineering)

1988;  o  Development of  multimedia pathogen  risk  assessment methodology  for  the
          land application of sludge (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Initiation  of  prototype  criteria  document  for  bacteria  (Scientific
          Assessment)
       o  Provide  real-time  process monitoring methodology  for toxic  conditions
          (Monitoring)

1987;  o   Response to  SAB  comments  on  the  four  risk  assessment  methodologies
          (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Distribution of  the  annual report on "Guidelines  for  Establishing  Test
          Procedures for the Analyses of Pollutants" (Monitoring)
    •   o  Technology evaluations  in support of the  100S  modification/replacement
          program for  1n-channel   clarlfler  1n  Gallatin,  Missouri  and  In-vessel
          composting in Plattsburgh, New York (Engineering)
                                         WQ-14

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                               Water Quality Research
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $25,097,100  supported  by 279.1 total  workyears
for 1989,  an  Increase  of  $346,800 and  no  change  1n total  workyears  from 1988.
Of the request, $16,178,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$8,918,900 will be  for  the  Research  and Development  appropriation,  an increase of
$346,800 in the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation and no  change in the Research
and Development appropriation.

Program Description

     The Water  Quality  research  program  provides  the scientific   and  technical
data to States and  the  EPA's  Office  of Water In  Implementing  the  Clean Water Act.

     Objective 1:   Develop  the  Scientific  Data to  Support a Water Quality Based
Approach to Pollution Control.This research provides  the scientific base to help
States develop water  quality  standards, to  conduct  use-attainability analyses and
to provide needed information to Implement a  water quality based pollution control
program.

     Objective 2;   Develop  the  Scientific  Data Needed to Support Environmentally
Sound Ocean Disposal. Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs.This  activityprovides
the researchneeded by EPA for evaluating  impacts  of  .ocean  disposal  practices,
understanding the   Great Lakes  ecosystems  and developing*  responsive  and  scienti-
fically valid estuarine and near coastal waters programs.

     Objective 3;   Evaluation  of  Innovative  and  Alternative (I/A) Technologies.
SludgeManagement Alternatives  and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology,  the
wastewater research  program provides  the  technicalinformation,  engineering  and
monitoring assistance  needed  by  EPA  and  municipalities,  and industry for  the
development and implementation of regulations and guidance for disposal  of sludge.
control of pollution  from  municipal  treatment  plants  to  bring  plants  into  com-
pliance with  state  discharge  permits,  and  to support the  National  Pollution Dis-
charge Elimination System (NPDES).


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of  $647,900  supported  by  5.5  total  workyears
for this program,  of which $306,200  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and $341,700 will  be for the Research and Development appropriation.  This
represents an increase of $6,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,  and no
change in  the Research  and  Development  appropriation  and  total  workyears.   The
increase in the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  reflects a general enhancement
of the inhouse research program.

     Develop the  Scientific  Data  to Support  a Water  Quality  Based Approach to
Pollution Control"!  In  response  to   the   new Post-BAT  requirements  of  the  CWA
Amendments, the  program  will  provide support  to  the  program  office,  Regions
and States  for update/modification/implementation of human health  criteria  on  a
site-specific basis  for ambient  water  quality.  In  addition, the  program  will
provide assistance  to  evaluate  local  health hazards  from exposure to  chemical
pollutants and pollutant mixtures.   This  information is  needed  by the  States to
develop individual control  strategies for toxic pollutants.


                                         WQ-15

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     Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies. Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxlclty  Reduction "Methods and  Technology^TReCWA Amendments
require the Agency to  identify and regulate toxic pollutants in sludge.   As a result,
the program will  provide technical support  in the development  and implementation
of these regulations, including  the development of  criteria for the assessment of
hazard and risk from exposure to pathogens in sludge.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating a total of  $641,300  supported  by 5.5 total
workyears for  this program,  of  which  $299,600 is  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $341,700 is  from the Research  and  Development appropriation.
The research program  is  providing  technical  support in  the  development and imple-
mentation of regulations for the  management of  sludge under  Section 406  of the
CWA.  The program is assisting in the development of criteria for the assessment of
hazard and risk from exposure to pathogens in sludge.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated a  total of  $663,700  supported  by  5.5 total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $271,600  was from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation  and  $392,100 was  from  the  Research  and  Development appropriation.
The program prepared  a  point-by-pbint  response to  comments received  from  the SAB
on the four multimedia chemical risk assessments.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $3,456,300  supported by  46.3  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $2,547,900  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $908,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.  This
represents an  increase of  $54,600  in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change in the  Research  and Development appropriation and  total  workyears.  The
increase in the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation reflects a general enhancement
of inhouse support for the monitoring program.

     Develop  the  Scientific  Data  to  Support a  Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control^The  CWA Amendments place emphasis on the development of methods
to measure and  monitor  water  quality.   In  support of this  activity, the  program
will develop and  standardize  methods  and provide field  tested  protocols  to assess
ambient water quality.  In  addition, the  program will evaluate biological monitoring
techniques and a  generic approach  for the  chemical measurement of toxic  organics
and inorganics in ambient sources.  In 1989, fees  for quality control and performance
evaluation samples will  be collected  following the expected publication of a final
rule in 1988.

     Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology.  The Discharge Monitor-
ing Report-Quality Assurance (DMRQA) Support Program  will  be maintained to provide
quality self-ironitoring  DMRQA  data submitted  to  the  States  and EPA  by the 7,000
major dischargers within the NPDES.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency is allocating  a  total of  $3,401,700 supported by 46.3 total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $2,493,300 is from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation  and  $908,400 is  from the Research  and  Development appropriation.


                                         WQ-16

-------
     This research program is evaluating  chemical  monitoring methods and protocols
designed to measure  site-specific  aspects of water quality.   The program provides
cost-effective monitoring methods  for  the measurement of  chemicals and biological
parameters required in the  National  Pollution  Discharge  Elimination System (NPDES)
program and in the assessment of ambient water quality.   Fees  for quality control
and performance evaluation  samples will  be  collected following  the expected pub-
lication of a final rule in 1988.

1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $3,224,600 supported  by 48.0 total
workyears for this program, of  which $2,436,300  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $788,300  was  from  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
In 1987,  this program  developed  methods  for  the collection  and  enumeration  of
coliforms and viruses and  for  the chemical  identification/quantification  of toxic
metal species.  In  addition,  a  repository of repository  calibration materials to
support implementation of NPDES compliance monitoring was maintained.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $1,696,600  supported by  26.7 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $1,598,600  will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $98,000 will  be  for the  Research and Development appropriation.  This
represents an increase of  $34,300  in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change  in  the Research  and  Development  appropriation  and in  total  workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the health effects program.

     Develop  the  Scientific  Data  to  Support a  Water Quality  Based Approach to
Pollution Control.  The  CWA Amendments  provide   for the  establishment  of  water
quality standards and criteria to assure the protection of public health.   In support
of these requirements,  this research  program  will evaluate the use  of health effects
bioassays to determine the potential  of wastewater effluents to cause carcinogenic,
hepatic, renal, reproductive  or teratogenic effects.   Research  will  be conducted
to develop microbial methods  to determine the risks  of  exposure  to microorganisms
from non-human/non-point sources of pollution.

     Evaluation of Innovative and  Alternative (I/A) Technologies,  Sludge Management
Alternatives  and  Tpxicity  Reduction Methods and Technology.  Microbiological re-
search data on the level  and risk of pathogens that may cause  disease  in humans
will be developed.  Biological markers  will be developed  to determine  human exposure
to chemicals  found  in  sludge.   The  data  from these studies  will be  used  by the
Agency to  formulate  sludge disposal  regulations,  permits  and  guidance required by
the CWA Amendments.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating  a total  of $1,662,300  supported by 26.7 total
workyears. for this program, of  which $1,564,300 is  from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $98/000  is   from  the  Research and   Development  appropriation.

     The research  program  is providing  data  on  the health  aspects  of  chemicals
found in  sludges  used  for  land application, distribution and marketing  and  other
uses and  disposal  options.  Also  microbiological  research  data  on  the  level  and
risk pathogens that may cause diseases in  humans are being developed.
                                         WQ-17

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $2,158.500 supported  by 24.8 total
workyears for this program, of which  $1,775,400  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $383,100  was  from  the  Research  and  Development appropriation.

     Research activities  were  directed toward  developing health  effect bioassays
to support  the  evaluation  of  wastewater  effluents.   In  addition,   the  program
published a  report  on the  occurrence of  pathogens  In distribution  and marketing
sludge products.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $5,666,000  supported by  37.7 total workyears
for this program, of  which  $2,267,600 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,398,400 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.  This
represents an Increase  of $48,600 1n  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation, with
no change  1n the Research and Development appropriation  and total workyears.  The
Increase 1n  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  reflects a general enhancement
of Inhouse   support  for  the  wastewater  treatment   technology  research  program.

     Evaluation of Innovative and  Alternative (I/A) Technologies.  Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology.  Innovativeand alter-
native technologies will  be evaluated to  determine  and promote more cost-effective
treatment processes.  Technical  support will  be  provided to  the  Office of Water on
sludge regulation development  and implementation.   To support  the development of
permit limitations for  municipal  and  industrial  wastewaters, toxicity treatability
will be  assessed,  and toxicity  reduction  evaluation  (TRE)  procedures  and removal
capabilities will be developed for the various treatment processes.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $5,617,400  supported by 37.7 total
workyears for this  program, of which $2,219,000 1s  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,398,400  is  from the Research  and  Development appropriation.

     Technology evaluations are  being conducted  on   selected  potential  I/A candi-
dates.  Technical support and  engineering assistance are being provided to EPA and
municipalities for the  development and Implementation of  sludge regulation, espe-
cially in  the  areas  of pathogens  and organlcs in sludge,  sludge  incineration and
sludge impoundments.  Integrated wastewater treatment mechanisms which Include both
aerobic and  anaerobic systems are  being assessed  for toxics  control.  Toxicity re-
duction evaluations (TRE) for small plants are being conducted, and a comprehensive
TRE protocol is being developed.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $5,867,600 supported  by 39.4 total
workyears for this program, of which  $2,375,800  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,491,800  was  from the  Research  and  Development appropriation.

     Technology evaluations in support of the 100Z Modification/Replacement program
were completed  for  in-channel  clarifier  in  Gallatin,  Missouri  and  in-vessel
composting in  Plattsburgh,  New  York.  Technical  support was provided to  revise
sludge regulation, and  bench-scale testing  on the two-phase  anaerobic sludge di-
gestion was  completed.


                                         VIQ-18

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $11,671,200  supported  by 154.9 total  workyears
for this program, of which $8,996,400  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,674,800  will  be for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of  $192,800, in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change  in  the  Research and Development appropriation  and  total  workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the processes and effects research program.

     Develop  the  Scientific  Data  to  Support  a Water Quality Based Approach to
Pollution Control.  In response to the new  Post-BAT  requirements  of the  CWA Amend-
ments. the research program will develop methods to determine what uses are attain-
able in  aquatic systems,  and  to  work on  integrating  pollutant-specific  control
methods with whole toxicity  testing procedures  and best available technology (BAT)
limits for  use  in permitting.   Research  will also  strengthen the  scientific  and
technical data  base  to  support the Agency's  effort  to reduce the  loss  or degrad-
ation of the wetlands  and  to assess individual  and  cumulative impacts of wetland
conversions as well as effective means of mitigating impacts.   The data  from these
studies  will assist the States in developing individual strategies for controlling
toxic pollutants.

     Develop  the  Scientific  Data Needed  to Support  Environmentally Sound Ocean
Disposal,  Estuarine  and  Great  Lakes  Programs.  This activity will develop risk
assessment procedures to permit the evaluation of impacts due to the ocean disposal
of wastes in  coastal  and  deep waters.  The  integration of these  procedures  will
allow the determination  of  the relative safety  of ocean disposal  and provide  for
comparisgn of alternative disposal  strategies.   Research will  be  conducted to sup-
port the  Agency's strategy  to  reduce  pollution  in  near  coastal  waters.   The
research program  will  focus on  resiliency  and  recovery  of coastal  ecosystems,
development of biomarker assessment methods,  and development  of  wasteload alloca-
tion models for estuarine and near coastal  waters.

     Evaluation of Innovative and Alternative (I/A) Technologies, Sludge Management
Alternatives and Toxicity Reduction Methods and Technology.  Research will continue
to maintain and update  the  existing gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy tape library
and develop  new analytical  data bases  of  toxic pollutants  found  in  industrial
wastewater. The  data  bases  will  provide the  information  on  wastewater  treatment
technology needed to support the NPDES program.

1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating a total  of $11,478,400 supported  by 154.9
total workyears  for  this program,  of  which  $8,803,600 is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $2,674,800  is  from the Research  and  Development appro-
priation.

     Research is  being  conducted to  develop methods  to integrate  whole effluent
testing procedures  with chemical  specific   control  technology.   The methods  to
assess water quality  functions  of  wetlands,  the cumulative  loss  of wetlands  as
well as the  mitigation of  wetlands  are being  developed.   Research  on  methods  to
better assess the  impacts  of ocean disposal  activities  is being  conducted.  These
procedures will  be  used  in  risk assessments.   Estuarine  and near  coastal  waters
research is  focused  on questions of  ecosystem resiliency and recovery,  eutrophi-
cation, wasteload  allocation and  biomarkers as  assessment  techniques in  coastal
waters.
                                        WQ-19

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987. the Agency obligated a total  of  $11,289,100  supported by 164.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,257,300  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,031,800  was  from the  Research  and  Development appropriation.

     Major accomplishments included the  development  of aquatic  life  water quality
criteria documents and twenty-nine water  quality advisories.  The research program
completed research efforts which  clearly demonstrated that  laboratory methods can
be used  to  estimate field  exposure  and  effects of  pollutants  in ocean  disposed
dredged material as  well as completed lab/field tests of an equilibrium partitioning
bioaccumulation model.


GREAT LAKES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $1,959,100  supported  by 8.0  total  workyears
for this program, of  which $461,500 will  be for the  Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and  $1,497,600  will  be  for the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents  an  increase  of $9,900 in the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation,
with no  change  in the  Research and Development  appropriation  and total  workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of  inhouse  support for the Great Lakes research program.

     Develop the Scientific Data Needed to Support Environmentally Sound Ocean Dis-
 ?osal, Estuarine and Great Lakes Programs'.  Research will develop and test methods
 o measure thesources,movementand  effects  of toxic  substances   in  the Great
Lakes. Emphasis  will be given to research on  in-place pollutants and mass balance
studies.  This program will also provide  the International  Joint Commission, Great
Lakes National Program  Office, Regions  II, III  and  V and Great  Lakes States with
technical support  and  research  data  related  to activities  under  the  US/Canada
Water Quality Agreement.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total  of $1,949,200 supported by 8.0 total
workyears for this  program,   of  which  $451,600  is  from  the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,497,600  is from the Research  and  Development appropriation.
The program  is   focusing on  the impact  and fate  of toxic  materials in  areas  of
concern Identified by the Great Lakes Water Quality Board.  Emphasis is on in-place
pollutant and chemical mass balance research.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987, the  Agency  obligated  a  total of  $1,930,200  supported  by  6.7 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $439,000  was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,491,200  was  from the  Research  and  Development appropriation.

     The Great Lakes Research  program completed  a report  on  an integrated  study of
toxics in Monroe Harbor,  including the  field  validation of a toxicity  model, and
revised a  wasteload allocation  model   for  predicting  exposure   concentrations  in
rivers and  streams.   Technical  assistance  was  also provided to the  Great Lakes
National Program  Office,   the  Regions   and the  International   Joint  Commission.


                                        WQ-20

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page
WATER QUALITY

    ABATEMENT A CONTROL
       Water Quality and Grants Program Management.	WQ-22
          Water Quality Management	  WO-25
          Great Lakes Program	  WO-26
          Chesapeake Bay Program..	WQ-28
       Effluent Standards ft Guidelines	  WQ-31
       Grants Assistance Programs	WQ-34
          Clean Lakes Program	WQ-35
          Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106)	  WO-36
       Water Quality Strategies Implementation	WO-38
          Dredge & Fill	  WQ-42
          Ocean Disposal Permits	WQ-44
          Environmental Emergency Response & Prevention	WQ-46
          Standards & Regulations	  WQ-47
       Water Quality Monitoring A Analysis	  WQ-49
          Coastal Envi ronment Management	WQ-51
          Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis	  WQ-54
       Municipal Source Control	  WO-57
          Municipal Waste Treatment Facility Construction	  WQ-5P
          Waste Treatment Operations & Maintenance	  WO-61
                                      WQ-21

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                                                     WATER QUALITY
                                      Mater Quality And Grants Program Management
                                        ACTUAL
                                         1987
                    BUDGET
                   ESTIMATE
                     1988
            ENACTED
                                          CURRENT
                                         ESTIMATE
                                           1988
REQUEST   INCREASE +
 1989     DECREASE -
        1989 VS 1988
       PROGRAM
                                                 (DOLLARS 'IN THOUSANDS)
ro
ro
       Water Quality
       Management
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
       Great Lakes Program
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compl1ance
       Chesapeake Bay Program
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
        $3.813.7   $4.080.9   $4,312.1   $4,312.1   $4,577.7    $265.6
          $686.0     $171.0     $241.0     $241.0   $1.171.0    $930.0

TOTAL   $4.499,7   $4,251.9   $4.553.1   $4,553.1   $5,748.7  $1,195.6
        $1.344.2   $1,277.4   $1.259.3   $1,259.3   $1.336.1     $76.8
        $4.261.1   $3.697.3   $9.697.3   $9,697.3   $8,097.3 -$1.600.0

TOTAL   $5,605.3   $4.974.7  $10.956.6  $10.956.6   $9,433.4 -$1.523.2
        $1,131.8
        $9,247.7
$1.164.9   $1.146.3   $1,146.3   $1,216.2
$9,250.0  $10,250.0  $10.250.0  $10.250.0
                                                                 $69.9


TOTAL  $1U,379.5  $10,414.9  $11.396.3  $11.396.3  $11,466.2     $69.9
       TOTAL:
        Salaries & Expenses
        Aoatement Control and
        Compliance

       tidier Duality miu
       ul'alltS
        $6.289.7   $6,523.2   $6,717.7   $6,717.7   $7,130.0    $412.3
       $14,194.8  $13,118.3  $20,188.3  $20.188.3  $19,518.3   -$670.0


 MAL  $20,484.5  $19,641.5  $26,906.0  $26,906.0  $26.648.3   -$257.7

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                                                     WATER QUALITY

                                      Water Quality And Grants Program Management
t\>
CO
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Water Quality
Management
Great Lakes Program
Chesapeake Bay Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
76.6
20.3
14.1
lll.O
79.9
25.4
16.3
121.6
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
76.6
20.0
10.0
106.6
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
99.9
24.0
9.5
133.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
103.4
26.0
10.0
139.4
3.5
2.0
.5
6.0





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                                   WATER QUALITY

                     Water Quality  and Grants  Program Management
 Budget Request
      The Agency requests a total  of $26,648,300 supported by 139.4 total workyears
 for 1989, a decrease  of $257,700 from  1988.   Of the request,  $7,130,300  will  be
 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $19,518,300 will be for the Abate-
 ment, Control  and Compliance appropriation, an increase  of $412,300 and a decrease
 of $670,000 respectively.

 Program Description

      The programs under this  subactivity include:

      Water Qua]ity Management —  The goal of this program is to ensure  that Federal,
 State and local agencies identify and control point and nonpoint source water qual-
 ity problems.   Headquarters and  Regional staffs  manage  State financial assistance
 under Sections 106,  non-construction grants 205(g), 205(j), and  joint  Federal/State
 programs under Sections 208 and 303.  The nonpoint source control program, mandated
 by Section 319  of  the Clean  Water  Act  (CWA), requires  the Agency to  review and
 approve the assessment reports and management programs developed and implemented by
 the States.

      Great Lakes Program — This  program has the  ongoing  responsibility for meeting
 the expanded Great Lakes  nutrient and toxics monitoring and control  requirements
 under Section  118 of  the amended CWA,  as  well  as the  increased  U.S. commitments
 under the Great  Lakes  Water  Quality  Agreement (GLWQA) of  1987 with  Canada, which
 calls for increasing  coordination with  Canadian agencies.   A major  focus  of the
 program is the ongoing cooperative measurement of ambient  conditions  in the Great
.Lakes, which is coordinated with Canada,  to  determine  compliance with the objectives
 of the  CWA  and  GLWQA.   The   monitoring  components   of  the program measure water
 quality trends and the  effectiveness  of remedial responses  to emerging pollution
 problems.  The program also supports State and local  governments in the development
 of Remedial  Action Plans for the abatement of toxic  and  other problems  in  30 U.S.
 Areas of Concern identified by the International  Joint Commission.  The development
 of an  In-Place  Pollutant Demonstration  Program  to  address toxic  harbor  sediment
 problems is  also a significant element of the Great Lakes program.

      Chesapeake Bay  Program ~ This  program  has the ongoing  responsibilities for
 meeting the Chesapeake Bay nutrient/toxics monitoring  and control requirements under
 Section 117 of the amended CWA, as well  as the Federal commitments under the Chesa-
 peake Bay Agreement  of 1987.   The Agency  assists  the  Bay  States  and the District of
 Columbia in implementing activities to  control   nutrient and toxic effects in the
 Bay.  In addition to  maintaining the  Bay Liaison Office in  Annapolis,  the Agency
 provides cost  sharing  grant assistance to the States for implementing nutrient and
 toxic controls.
                                        WQ-24

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Abatement and Control

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MATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $5,748,700 supported by  103.4  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which  $4,577,700  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,171,000  will  be  for the Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appro-
priation.  This  represents  an  increase of $265,600 and $930,000,  respectively, and
no change  in total  workyears.  The  increase  in  Salaries  and Expenses  reflects full
year funding of additional workyears provided in 1988 to  implement the Water Quality
Act.  The  increase in Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  is  to  address  increased
nonpoint source  control activities.

     In 1989,  the review,  revision, and final approval  of State  nonpoint source
(NFS) assessment reports and  management programs  will  continue,  leading  to the
approval of  approximately 52  State management programs  by the  end  of  the year.
Headquarters will  continue  to support the   Regions and  States in  this process  by
providing  policies,  guidance,  and  technical  support.   With  the additional  funds
requested, the Agency will provide assistance to the States  that choose to Integrate
NPS assessments/management  programs  into State Clean Water Strategies  (SCWS).  An
annual report  to Congress  will   be  prepared summarizing  the States'  progress  1n
implementing Section  319.  Headquarters will  conduct  limited  program  audits  to
assure national  consistency in the  approval of  State  programs  and the  award and
management of Section  205(j)(5)  grants.   Approximately  10  workshops and 10 consul-
tations will be  provided  to States on proven technologies for the design and imple-
mentation  of  watershed-level   control  systems, largely  making  use of  technology
transfer among,  the States.   Regions will  negotiate  and manage  work programs for
205(j)(5)  grants to 57 States  and Territories to  complete development and to begin
implementation of NPS management  programs.

     Headquarters will continue   allocating  Section 106  funds  to  Regions,  States
and Indian  tribes, provide guidance  on basic  program  issues,  conduct mid-year
evaluations of Regional offices, evaluate the performance of selected Indian tribes
and Regional  organizations, and  encourage   States  to  include the  development and
implementation of SCWS in their  Section 106 work programs.   Regions  will continue
to negotiate and provide  Sections 106,  205(j)(l)  and  non-construction 205(g) grant
funds to  203  State,  Interstate, regional   organizations  and Indian  Tribe  water
quality agencies.   Regions  will  issue  guidance  and  funding  targets for specific
priority activities, provide technical  and management assistance, track and evaluate
grantee performance  using  an  expanded  water quality  management ADP  system,  and
assure that State 1 eve!-of-effort (LOE) requirements are met.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency is  allocating a total  of $4,553,100 supported  by 103.4
total workyears  for this program,  of   which $4,312,100 1s from  the Salaries and
.Expenses appropriation and  $241,000  is from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     Headquarters is directing the development and approval  of State NPS assessment
reports and management programs,  providing  technical  transfer/technical  support to
the Regions  and  States,  and  encouraging  States to  develop  the  NPS elements  of
SCWS.  Headquarters will  issue policies  and  guidance,  including  technical guidance
that addresses  the potential  ground-water  impacts of  best  management  practices
(BMPs) and  encourages use  of technological  and  managerial  innovations  developed
through the Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, and the  Department of Agriculture's Rural
Clean Water Programs.  Regions are  providing review and approval of  State submis-
sions and  assisting selected  States to correct major  deficiencies;  negotiating and
awarding 205(j)(5)  grants;  and  providing  support  to  ensure Federal,   State  and
intra-agency consistency  on NPS management.   Regions  will  also encourage  States to
leverage the resources of other Federal agencies.
                                        WQ-25

-------
     In 1988, Headquarters is conducting basic national  grants management functions
for Section 106 and 205(j) grants.  The  Water Quality Management  grant regulations
are being revised and policy and guidance are being issued to assist the Regions to
provide grants to  approximately 30  Indian Tribes  and  50 regional  organizations.
Regional and selected State programs will  be analyzed to  determine  whether Regions
are implementing  Agency priorities  (especially  toxics  control),  complying  with
performance-based grant requirements,  and ensuring that  States maintain Section 106
LOE requirements.  Regional  staff  are working to negotiate  and manage performance
based 106, 205{j)(l)  and non-construction 205(g) grants to State/interstate agencies
that focus on point and nonpoint source problems that pose the greatest environmental
risks.  In 1988,  Regions  are beginning to provide grants  directly to  eligible Indian
Tribes and provide a larger  share  of 205(j)(l) funding to regional  organizations.
Regions are  also  ensuring that  State financial  accounting  systems are  adequate.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated $4,499,700 supported  by 79.9 total  workyears for
this program, of which $3,813,700  was  from the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $686,000 was from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1987, Headquarters  refined and  updated  EPA's  national  NPS  strategy  and
worked with related NPS  programs to  ensure inclusion of NPS  management activities
in their program efforts.  Headquarters  continued to work  with the  U.S. Department
of Agriculture (USDA) on direction and oversight  of the Rural  Clean  Water Program,
with the  Tennessee Valley Authority  and seven southern  States  1n developing  the
"Land and Water 201" program, and with other Federal agencies to obtain their tech-
nical  and financial support  for State and local NPS initiatives.   Headquarters and
Regions developed and issued national  guidance on the Implementation of Section 319
activities, met with interested parties to assure their  participation in the devel-
opment and implementation of  the national  program guidance and SCWS;  and began to
review work  plans  and  award grants  under  Section 205(j)(5) for  development  of
assessment reports and management programs.

     The Agency continued the essential  functions of allocating Section 106 funds,
providing guidance on  basic  program  issues,  ensuring  State  compliance with  LOE
requirements and conducting mid-year  evaluations of Regional  offices.   Headquarters
continued to provide Regions  with assistance  on an ADP  system  that  will  enhance
Regional capability to negotiate and  track State workplan  commitments.


GREAT LAKES PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $9,433,400 supported by 26.0 total workyears for
this program, of which $1,336,100 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $8,097,300 will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.
This represents an  increase of $76,800 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation, a
decrease of $1,600,000 in the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation, and
no change in total workyears.  The increase in  Salaries and  Expenses  reflects  full
year funding of additional workyears provided in 1988 to  implement  the Water Quality
Act (WQA).  The decrease in Abatement, Control  and Compliance is due to the comple-
tion of the purchase of a replacement  research vessel.

     Under the WQA and  the  Great Lakes  Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA),  the Great
Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO)  will  continue to  provide technical  and  man-
agement leadership to address the  emerging problems  of  persistent toxics  in tribu-
taries and near shore waters.  This involves continuing support to  State and local
agencies in  completion  of Remedial Action  Plans  (RAPs) for  6 more of  the  30  U.S.
Areas of Concern identified by the  International Joint Commission  (IJC), which  must
also approve the plans.  By the  end of 1989, 26 of the 30 plans will  be completed.


                                      WQ-26

-------
As the plans are completed and approved,  the program office will  begin tracking the
Implementation of plan elements by the appropriate State/local  or Federal  agencies.

     Complementary to this activity will be the continuation of  the  first In-Place
Pollutant Demonstration project at  a  site being  selected  1n 1988 on the  basis of
environmental priorities.  This project  supports  RAP Implementation  by determining
feasible methods for  abatement  of the  1n-place pollutant problems, which  have  been
Identified 1n most of the Areas of Concern.  Further support for RAP  Implementation
will be  provided by  the National  Oceanic and  Atmospheric Administration  (NOAA)
research under the  EPA-NOAA  joint research plan  through an interagency  agreement.
The program  office  will also  continue to provide  the IJC and  Its  Water  Quality
Board with technical  and policy  support and  also will continue  to  participate 1n
bi-national committees  and  task  forces.  The program  will respond  to  Information
requests and  provide  technical  support  to  EPA  Headquarters and  to  the  Department
of State  on  official  Canadian requests and  notes  concernlag the United  States'
Great Lakes policies  and programs.  GLNPO  will also  continue to  provide  support to
Regions II,  III, and  V on water  quality standards and on  technical  matters in the
development and  review  of permits and  permit  compliance Impacting the Great Lakes.

     Great Lakes  monitoring  activities  will  continue through  annual   programs
for conventional and  toxic  pollutants, for collection, analyses,  and  reporting on
both open lake migratory and  near shore  non-migratory fish, and  for  collection of
precipitation samples through the Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposition  (GLAD) network
for the analyses of metals,  nutrients, and organic  toxics.  In  1989,  surveillance
activities will  be  expanded  to  include biological  sampling and additional  air
monitoring stations  in  the GLAD network.  These analyses will  continue to  be  used
to determine  metals and nutrient loadings to the Great Lakes as a  basis  for the
design and operation of local pollution abatement programs.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $10,956,600  supported by  26.0
total workyears  for this program,  of which  $1,259,300 1s from the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $9,697,300 is from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     GLNPO is  completing the preliminary  field  work  and  biological and  chemical
studies required to select a  site  and  begin- the first In-Place Pollutant Demon-
stration project  in  1988.   This includes  developing  the ranking  and  selection
process to choose the demonstration site to be initiated.  GLNPO is continuing to
provide direction and technical assistance  in completing the development,  review,
approval and  implementation  of  RAPs for 12 of  the 30 U.S. Areas  of  Concern.   The
program office is beginning this  year  to track the implementation  and reporting of
the RAPs.  Currently,  seven  plans are  being submitted to the  IJC for the  required
bi-national review.

     The program office is preparing the 1988 Nonpoint Source Reduction  Plan Imple-
mentation Report called for under Annex 3 of the GLWQA.  GLNPO  is tracking nonpoint
source pollution control practices according to  the revised tracking  system.   It is
also providing  technical  assistance  and monitoring for the  Great  Lakes  States'
phosphorus reduction efforts, including elements of the 1986 United States Plan for
Phosphorus Load  Reduction to  Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and   Saginaw Bay.   Tributary
monitoring for toxic  pollutants  is  being continued  and expanded.  Support  to the
IJC's Water Quality Board is  being  expanded to provide  greater assistance  in  work-
ing out the  details  for implementing  the revisions  to  the GLWQA signed by  both
countries in  1987.   The acquisition  and  equipping  of  a   new research  vessel  is
providing new on-board sampling and analytical capacity for toxic substances in the
water column and sediments of the Great Lakes.  The Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposi-
tion network is  being augmented to  increase the analytical   and research  components
of the  network.   Work  is  being expanded  in  the Green  Bay Mass  Balance  Modeling


                                       WQ-27

-------
Study and in the area of toxic  source  assessment.   The  Green Bay study 1s  contin-
uing to develop predictive models  for  Identification,  transport and fate of toxic
substances.   If feasible, these  models  will be  used  on one  of the Great Lakes.

     GLNPO Is beginning the  negotiation of Interagency  Agreements with the agencies
specified in the WQA.   An  Interagency  Agreement 1s to  be  negotiated with NOAA  to
jointly carry out  a  research Inventory, report  on research issues, and prepare  a
Great Lakes  research plan.   GLNPO is  completing  the  reports to  the Administrator
and Congress as required by  the WQA.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $5,605,300  supported by 25.4 total
workyears for this program,  of which $1,344,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $4,261,000  was  from  the Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance
appropriation.

     The program office began preliminary work to  meet WQA requirements  for  select-
Ing and initiating the first In-Place Pollutant  Demonstration project In 1988.  The
office also continued to conduct monitoring activities  and laboratory analysis with
emphasis on  in-place toxics and.operation  of  the modified GLAD  network  to identify
and quantify airborne toxics.  GLNPO initiated a mass  balance study for Green Bay.
The program  office continued  a  major  effort to  assist State/local  agencies  in
completion, review, and approval  of  RAPs  for 8  of 30  U.S.  Areas of Concern, and
also worked with all  concerned parties  on revisions to  the GLWQA.

     GLNPO continued its sampling  network  and laboratory activities.  Water chem-
istry, biota, sediment  and  air analyses  called  for under  the  GLWQA were  carried
out.  The program  office also continued  as the  catalyst   in  the  development  of
uniform multi-state  fish  consumption  advisories.   The  fish advisories,  in place
for Lake Michigan,  were  negotiated among Illinois, Indiana,  Michigan, and Wisconsin.


CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $11,466,200  supported  by 10.0  total workyears
for this  program,  of  which  $1,216,200 will  be  for   the   Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $10,250,000  will  be  for the  Abatement,   Control  and Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  an increase  of $69,900 in   Salaries and Expenses,
no change in Abatement, Control  and  Compliance,  and no change  in total workyears.
The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects increased personnel costs.

     The Agency will  continue  to meet Its  expanded   responsibilities  under the
Chesapeake Bay Agreement (CBA) of 1987  among the three  Bay  States of Pennsylvania,
Maryland, and Virginia,  the District of Columbia, and the Agency.  Most significant-
ly, the CBA  commits the Bay  States to  reduce the  level  of  nutrients in the Bay  by
40 percent by  the  year 2000.   In addition,  the  Water Quality  Act (WQA)  of 1987
requires a closer  look into problems  of  toxicity through  the program's  ongoing
monitoring activities.   Under the  expanded  WQA responsibilities and CBA commitments,
the Chesapeake Bay  Liaison  Office (CBLO)  will  continue to  provide technical  and
management leadership in  nutrient control  and  to  begin addressing  the  emerging
problems of persistent toxics in the Bay basin.   The CBLO will  continue investiga-
tions into nonpoint toxic sources, including  1n-place toxics in sediments,  surface
microlayer toxicity,  and other nonpoint sources.   In  1989, this investigation  of
toxicity in the Bay will result in specific-plans  for source  reduction.  The program
will continue to give priority to nonpoint source pollution controls,  the development
of the time-varying Bay water  quality  model,  and the monitoring efforts needed  to
calibrate it.  Several  reports required by  the CBA will  be prepared.


                                        WQ-28

-------
     Building on the knowledge  gained over the past  several  years concerning the
effectiveness of  best  management  practices   (BMPs)   to   reduce   erosion/sedimen-
tation and manage animal waste, the States and EPA will add to the number of acres
treated and improve the  rate  of progress in reducing the flow of  nutrients to the
Bay.  Using monitoring data, geographic Information system capabilities, and water
quality models, the  CBLO will  work  with  the States  to   Improve  nonpolnt source
control targeting.  By  combining living resources,  habitat  requirements,  and the
geographic locations of  prime  habitat with monitoring data,  and  by  modeling the
effects of current and proposed point and nonpoint source  control actions, the CBLO
will provide the State and Federal CBA participants with  the  information necessary
to target efforts better and  to improve cost effectiveness.   The  information from
the inspection of  BMP  installations will also be  used in 1989 to further enhance
nonpoint source control  targeting and  to modify the nonpoint source  control programs
as necessary.

     The Agency will continue  to provide technical  and administrative  staff support
to the Chesapeake Bay Implementation Committee and Executive Council.   Coordination
functions will be carried  out with the  States,  other Federal Agencies, and other
Bay management agencies to ensure continued progress  is made in  restoring Bay water
quality.  The Agency's  support for monitoring  the  ma1nstern of  the Bay  will continue
1n concert with the States' focus on monitoring the major tributaries.  Continued
support will  be  provided for  maintaining and  improving  the  Chesapeake  Bay data
system which is reported on annually.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a  total of $11,396,300 supported by 10.0 total
workyears for this program, of  which  $1,146,300 is from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $10,250,000  1s from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appro-
priation.

     The Agency is  working  with the  Bay  States to implement the  elements of the
1987 CBA.  This Includes beginning to develop criteria  for the protection of water
quality and habitat conditions, a plan to reduce and control toxic materials entering
the Bay from  point  and  nonpoint sources, and a plan to achieve point  and nonpoint
source reduction from Federal  installations that  parallel  the States'  load reduc-
tion.

     Matching grants for the  implementation  of the  nonpoint  sources  controls are
continuing to achieve  agreed  upon pollutant load  reductions.  Assistance  is pri-
marily provided to  identify critical  farm units  within sub-basins,  develop plans
and schedules for implementing  BMPs,  define  outreach programs to  encourage farmer
participation, and  develop  long-term comprehensive  implementation programs.   The
continuing objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of BMPs in critical areas
so that more  farmers will adopt the practices.   Water  quality monitoring of pilot
areas is being used in conjunction with water quality  models to continue to evaluate
the results of nonpoint source control implementation  and develop quantitative rela-
tionships between pollution controls and  improvement  of  water quality.   Work  is
being expanded in the areas  of  toxics  control and coordination  of pollution controls
to improve the management of living resources in the Bay.  This work  includes initial
investigations into nonpoint sources  of  toxics,  such  as sediments  and  the surface
microlayer.

     The research and programmatic activities  relating to the  Bay and  its basin  of
the National  Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,  the  U.S.  Geological  Survey,
the Corps of  Engineers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Fish and Wild-
life Service  of  the Department  of  the  Interior are  continuing to be  coordinated
through the CBLO.


                                       WQ-29

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a total  of $10,379,500 supported by  16.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,131,800 was  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $9,247,700 was from the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appro-
priation.

     During  1987,  the Agency  continued  to  award grants  to the Bay   States to
Implement the recommendations of the Chesapeake Bay Restoration and Protection Plan
of 1985.  These  50 percent  cost sharing  grants  continued to emphasize  nonpoint
source control efforts  and were targeted on  projects which  support the  long-term
need for  reducing loadings  of  toxics  and  nutrients.  Grant assistance  was  also
provided to Implement controls on new urban and suburban development and on methods
to retrofit nonpoint source  controls in  developed areas.  About 90,000 acres  have
been treated with BMPs, and  540,000 tons of soil  have been saved  from erosion and
nearly 600,000 pounds  of  phosphorus have  been prevented from entering  the  Bay.

     The first phase of the  work to  produce  a steady state model   of water quality
1n the Bay was  completed and a three-year effort to produce  a second generation,
time-varying model of  Bay  water quality was begun.  These models are the  bridge
between future water quality, living resource criteria and objectives, and future
point and nonpoint source load controls  programming.   The models are to provide the
analytical tools which will be used to estimate required load  reductions.

     During 1987, the Agency worked with  the Bay States to develop  and negotiate the
revised CBA.  Public hearings were  held  on  the draft agreement and the  final agree-
ment was signed 1n December 1987.
                                      WQ-30

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                                                     WATER QUALITY
                                            Effluent Standards 4 Guidelines

PROGRAM
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
THOUSANDS)
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198

       Effluent Standards 4
       Guidelines
        Salaries 4 Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
                                $3,168.0   $2,876.5   $3,307.8   $3,307.8   $3,522.8    $215.0
                                $4,344.4   $3,412.4   $3,412.4   $3,412.4   $6,212.4  $2,800.0

                        TOTAL   $7,512.4   $6,288.9   $6,720.2   $6,720.2   $9,735.2  $3,015.0
JO

CJ
TOTAL:
 Salaries 4 Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Effluent Standards 4
Guidelines
        $3,168.0   $2,876.5   $3,307.8   $3,307.8   $3,522.8    $215.0
        $4,344.4   $3,412.4   $3,412.4   $3,412.4   $6,212.4  $2^800.0

TOTAL   $7,512.4   $6,288.9   $6,720.2   $6,720.2   $9,735.2  $3,015.0
       PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       Effluent Standards 4
       Guidelines

       TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                    50.5
                                    50.5
                       49.0
                       49.0
51.0
51.0
50.2
50.2
50.2
50.2
       TOTAL WORKYEARS
       Effluent Standards 4
       Guidelines
                                    52.4
                       49.0
51.0
50.2
50.2
       TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                    52.4
                       49.0
51.0
50.2
                                                                                        50.2

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                         Effluent Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
     The Agency requests  a  total  of $9,735,200  supported  by 50.2 total  workyears
for 1989, an Increase of  $3,015,000 from 1988.   Of  the  request,  $3,522,800  will  be
for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and $6,212,400 will be  for  the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation,  an  Increase of $215,000 and $2,800,000
respectively.

Program Description

     Effluent Standards and Guidelines -   This   program develops  and  promulgates
effluent standards and guidelines under Sections 301, 304,  306, 307 and 501 of the
Clean Water  Act  (CWA)  based on Best  Available Technology  Economically  Achievable
(BAT); Best Conventional  Technology (BCT);  New Source Performance -Standards  (NSPS);
Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources  (PSES); and Pretreatment  Standards for
New Sources  (PSNS).

     Increasing program emphasis  is  directed at (1) establishing effluent  limita-
tions for  industries  discharging directly  to  waterways   and  indirectly  through
POTWs and  (2)  reviewing  and Identifying  new and  previously regulated  industrial
categories for revisions to existing standards  or promulgation  of new standards  as
directed by  Section  304{m), as  amended by  the Water  Quality  Act.  The Domestic
Sewage Study (DSS), required by  Section 3018(a) of the Hazardous  and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA)   to  the  Resource  Conservation and Recovery  Act   (RCRA),  identi-
fied risks  associated with  hazardous  wastes passing  through  sewer  systems  into
POTWs.  Section 3018{a) requires  the revision of existing regulations and promulga-
tion of new regulations  to  protect human health  and  the  environment  from  these
hazardous substances.


EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $9,735,200 supported by  50.2 total  workyears for
this program, of which  $3,522,800 will  be for  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $6,212,400 will  be for  the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.
This represents an increase of  $215,000 and $2,800,000,  respectively,  and no change
in total  workyears.   The  increase  1n  Salaries and  Expenses reflects  full  year
funding of additional  workyears  provided  in  1988  to implement  the  Water  Quality
Act.  The increase in  Abatement, Control and Compliance will  be  used  to initiate and
continue development of effluent  guidelines.

     In 1989,  the Effluent  Guidelines  program  will  develop  controls   or  prepare
guidance for the  non-regulated DSS industries  and  analyze  for  an  additional 300
new target  analytes.   Headquarters  will Initiate  regulations  development  on  the
equipment manufacturing and  rebuilding  industry and the Pharmaceuticals  Industry;
and initiate development of guidance or regulations addressing the  hazardous  waste
treaters industry.  The  work  on  textiles  and  timber  that  was  suspended in  1988
will be resumed in 1989.   The  program  will continue to review and prepare  a deci-
sion document for  the previously  regulated  pulp  and  paper industry.   Data gathering
and engineering evaluations  will  be initiated  on  one  additional previously  regu-
lated industry (onshore oil  and gas).   All  reviews  will be  conducted according  to
the 304(m) plan to be published 1rv the Federal  Register 1n  1988.  A major emphasis
in rulemaklng activities  will  be to  initiate development  of  regulations for the


                                       WQ-32

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coastal oil and gas Industry.  Field sampling and questionnaire survey data obtained
1n 1988 will be evaluated.  Development of a proposed  regulation  for the  pesticide
manufacturers and formulator/packagers will continue.

     Headquarters will  also  provide post-promulgation  negotiation   and litigation
support for  placer mining,  the  nonferrous   forming   and  manufacturing  phase  II
regulatory amendments, and continue  support  for the organlcs  effluent  limitations
published 1n 1987.  Eight comprehensive  technical  policy  workshops will be  con-
ducted covering the progress  of the pesticides regulations,  the effluent limitation
associated with the organlcs regulations, findings of analytical studies  and the DSS
Industries, and the oil and gas regulatory efforts.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency Is allocating  a total of $6,720,200 supported by 50.2  total
workyears for this program, of  which  $3,307,800 1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,412,400 1s from  the  Abatement,  Control and Compliance appro-
priation.

     In 1988, the  review of  the pulp  and paper Industry continues.  Ten decision
documents are to be published (transportation, equipment manufacturing and rebuild-
ing, paint,  Industrial  laundries,  Waste oil  recovery, hospitals, hazardous  waste
treaters, solvent recyclers, barrel reclaimers  and  Pharmaceuticals).  Work on  the
review of  the  two remaining DSS  Industries  (textiles  and  timber)  was suspended.
The Agency 1s Initiating  development  of regulations for Pharmaceuticals  and  final
regulations will be Issued for  placer mining;  two notices of  availability  of data
and a reproposal  for  Best Conventional Technology (BCT) on  offshore oil  and  gas,
and muds and cuttings  are being developed.   The program Is restudying  the pesticides
Industry by addressing  over  420 previously unregulated pesticides,  hazardous  con-
stituents under RCRA and toxic pollutants  of  concern to the  Drinking  Water program.
In 1988,  a  plan  to  review  previously  regulated industries  will  be published.
Biological monitoring, sampling and analysis  for RCRA  constituents and  other  toxic
compounds in effluents from pesticides will be initiated.

     Support is being provided for post-promulgation  negotiation and  litigation,
primarily for the  organic chemicals,  plastics and  synthetic  fibers regulations.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated $7,512,400 supported by 52.4 total workyears for
this program, of which  $3,168,000  was  from the- Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $4,344,400  was from the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.

     In 1987, Headquarters analyzed regulated  and  unregulated industries for  the
extent of hazardous/toxic discharges identified by  the  Domestic Sewage Study (DSS).
Work continued on decision documents for permit writers and  control  authorities  on
ten industrial   categories (hazardous  waste   treaters,  solvent  recyclers, barrel
reclaimers, Pharmaceuticals,  equipment manufacturing and rebuilding, transportation,
paint, industrial  laundries,  waste oil  recovery, and hospitals).   Final  regulations
were developed for three  Consent  Decree  industries  and the  final amendment to the
phosphate fertilizer  regulation was  issued.   A report  on  dioxins in the pulp  and
paper industry was issued.


                                       WQ-33

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                                                     WATER QUALITY
                                               Grants Assistance Programs

                                        ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                         1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                    1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
       PROGRAM
                                                 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
o
CO
       Clean Lakes Program
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
                                $4,765.4

                        TOTAL   $4,765.4
Control Agency Resource
Supplementation
(Section 106)
 Abatement Control and         $71,100.1  $62,100.0  $60,850.0  $60,850.0  $62,100.0  $1,250.0
 Compliance
                        TOTAL  $71,100.1  $62,100.0  $60,850.0  $60,850.0  $62,100.0  $1,250.0
       TOTAL:
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance

       Grants Assistance
       Programs
                               $75,865.5  $62,100.0  $60,850.0  $60,850.0  $62,100.0  $1,250.0


                        TOTAL  $75,865.5  .$62,100.0  $60,850.0  $60,850.0  $62.100.0  $1,250.0

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                             Grants Assistance Programs
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of $62,100,000 for 1989,  an  Increase of $1,250,000
from  1988.  All of  the request will  be  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

Program Description

     The programs under this subactlvlty Include:

     Clean Lakes Program —   Section  314  of the  Clean  Water  Act sets forth  the
administrative and  technical  requirements  for developing  a national  program  to
enhance the quality of freshwater lakes.  In February 1980,  the Clean Lakes  regula-
tion established an  operational  program of  financial  and technical   assistance to
the States to assist in  Implementing  methods and procedures  to  protect  and  restore
the quality of their publicly owned freshwater lakes.

     Control Agency Resource Supplementation (Section 106) —   Section  106  grants
supplement State resources  for  water pollution  control  programs.  They are  nego-
tiated annually  with  50  States,  7  Territories,  and  6  Interstate  agencies,  and
qualified Indian tribes.  Funds  are used to carry out a wide  range  of water  quality
programs, Including permit Issuance, enforcement, monitoring, water quality planning
and standards, wasteload allocations,  groundwater programs, nonpoint source control,
program management, pretreatment,  oil  and  hazardous materials  spill  response,  and
other priority programs.


CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests no  funds  for the  Clean Lakes program.  In  past years  the
Agency has  developed  and  demonstrated lake  restoration techniques and assisted
States in  classifying  lakes, identifying  techniques  for restoring  the levels  of
water quality  needed  to  maintain  or  enhance  uses,  and implemented cleanup  and
control projects.  Because the Agency has provided  guidance  to  the States on  main-
taining clean  lakes,  it  believes  that the  States are  now  able  to address lake
restoration needs,  along  with other local  priorities, under their  existing  water
quality management programs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, no funds are being allocated  for this program.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a  total   of $4,765,400 for  this program,  all of
which was  from the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.   Forty-nine
State grants  were awarded to implement actual control  measures  and refine controls
needed to restore or enhance uses for specific lakes.


                                       WQ-35

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CONTROL AGENCY RESOURCE SUPPLEMENTATION (SECTION 106)

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $62,100,000  for this  program,  all of  which
will be for the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.   This  represents
an increase of  $1,250,000 from 1988.  The  Increase  reflects a restoration of  the
program to the 1988  President's  Budget level  to provide additional grant  funds to
States to partially  offset the reduction  of resources available from  construction
grant set-as1des.

     Section 106  grants  will  provide  funding  assistance  for operation of  State
water pollution control programs for 63 State, Interstate and Territorial agencies,
and approximately  30 Indian tribes.   In  1989,  States  will  review water  quality
standards, adopt numeric and/or narrative  water quality  standards for toxic  pollut-
ants and toxidty, 11st waters Impaired by toxics and identify contributing  point
sources, and develop individual  control  strategies to comply with  Section  304(1).
In support of water quality-based permits, States will resolve complex  use/criteria
revision and  modification  Issues  and  will  review antidegradation  policies  and
develop implementation methods.   Special  emphasis will  be  placed on  determining
priority water  segments   requiring  site-specific  criteria,  collecting  data,  and
selecting appropriate  methods   and   procedures  for  use  attainability   analyses.

     States will issue/reissue expiring NPDES permits  to control  toxic  pollutants
and toxlcity where water  quality is  impaired due to tox1cs/tox1c1ty  problems  and
data are  sufficient  to establish water  quality-based permits.   States will also
modify a number  of NPDES  permits that have not expired,  where Section  304(1)  as-
sessments have been completed and the need for toxics controls has  been determined;
issue permits that incorporate toxic/toxicity limits or  biomonitoring  requirements
where Section 304(1)  assessments are  not yet  completed  but where toxic  problems
have been identified; and issue  Best Available  Technology  (BAT) permits  to  organic
chemical facilities.    States  will develop  sludge programs  and  work  with EPA  to
incorporate sludge limits  and/or  impose biomonitoring requirements in  some  NPDES
permits for publicly  owned treatment  works (POTWs) and/or  other   sludge  handling
facilities.  States will  assist POTWs  with  approved  local  pretreatment programs  in
developing/modifying  new  and  revised  categorical  standards  and  local  limits  to
control toxic/hazardous pollutants.   States  will  continue  to conduct  audits  to
determine the adequacy of local pretreatment programs.   States will  revise  nonpoint
source management programs based on  EPA reviews.

     In the NPDES enforcement  program,   States will be  concluding  the  National
Municipal  Policy (NMP)  effort primarily by use of judicial  actions  to  set schedules
for facilities that missed the July 1,  1988 deadline for compliance.   In pretreat-
ment enforcement, States  will ensure that Industrial users comply  with their  cate-
gorical standards and that local control authorities comply with provisions of  their
approved programs.   States will  conduct  pretreatment compliance inspections,  and
will ensure that POTWs have adequate  control  mechanisms in  place.   States will
continue to conduct both  sampling and  non-sampling Inspections and  will  be  encour-
aged to use penalties to enforce BAT and water quality-based permit requirements to
address critical   water-quality  objectives.   States  will  review and  refine  their
groundwater protection strategies to focus  on the  totality of  their groundwater
protection and clean-up concerns.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency  is allocating  a total  of $60,850,000 for this  program,  all
of which is from the  Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     During 1988, States are continuing to  emphasize the control of toxic pollutants.
States are working to establish technically sound, enforceable water quality  stan-
dards, conduct use attainability  analyses, develop  site-specific   criteria,  adopt
                                      WQ-36

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criteria for  toxic  pollutants  1n  State  standards,  and  clarify  antidegradation
policies and Implementation methods.  States are collecting and evaluating existing
Information, and will  use  this  Information to develop the 11st of waters Impaired by
toxic point source pollutants and  toxlclty, and to develop Individual control  strat-
egies.  States are continuing the  emphasis on  control  of hazardous/toxic  pollutants
and toxlclty from direct dischargers and will concentrate  on  Issuing NPDES permits
to achieve  water  quality  standards within  three years  after the establishment  of
the Individual control strategies.

     In 1988, States are modifying "permits to  Incorporate BAT guidelines for organic
chemicals, best management practices,  conditions based  on blomonltorlng  and water
quality studies, new technology-based requirements,  and  pretreatment Implementation
requirements, as well as some permits with sludge limits based on Best  Professional
Judgement (BPJ) and/or sludge management practices.   States are developing detailed
action plans to strengthen their  toxic control  programs.  States are  working with
the Regions to manage  a substantial Increase In enforcement  actions,  particularly
referrals, due to the 1988 NMP deadline.  States will shift from manual  data entry
and review procedures  to  an  automated system of data management for  EPA (Permits
Compliance System).  In 1988,  some States  will  begin to develop  State Clean Water
Strategies (SCWS) for their overall water  quality protection  and clean  up, and will
continue their groundwater protection strategy efforts.   Headquarters will begin  to
award grants to  Indian tribes  for  water pollution  control program  development  on
reservations.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a total of $71,100,100  for  this  program,  all  of
which was from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     States Issued about 350 major Industrial  and 475 major municipal NPDES permits
and accomplished  over 360 permit modifications.   Over  4,600  compliance  sampling
Inspections were completed.   States  completed approximately 160 audits/1,400 Inspec-
tions of  POTWs.    Analytical   capabilities  were developed  to  support  Increased
emphasis on water quality-based  permitting and  toxic  effluent  limits  for  NPOES
permits.  States  conducted  water  quality  assessments   and  risk, assessments  for
304(1) toxic control  strategies,  and  revised  monitoring programs to address toxic
pollutants and nonpoint  sources.   States  continued to  review  and revise  water
quality standards and  began  emphasizing and Incorporating  numeric and/or  narrative
toxic criteria.
                                         WQ-37

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                                                     WATER QUALITY
                                        Water Quality Strategies Implementation
                                        ACTUAL
                                         1987
                    BUDGET
                   ESTIMATE
                     1988
ENACTED
  1988
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1988
                       REQUEST   INCREASE +
                        1989     DECREASE -
                               1989 VS 1988
       PROGRAM
                                                 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
o
       Dredge and Fill
        Salaries 4 Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
       Ocean Disposal Permits
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
        $3,539.9   $4,156.3   $4,385.1   $4,385.1   $4,657.7    $272.6
        $2,084.9   $1,992.5   $1,992.5   $1,992.5   $3,050.0  $1,057.5

TOTAL   $5,624.8   $6,148.8   $6,377.6   $6,377.6   $7,707.7  $1,330.1
       Environmental Emergency
       Response 4 Prevention
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
       Standards & Regulations
        Salaries 3 Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
$2,641.2
$7,193.8
$2,959.4
$6,127.9
$2,591.5
$4,624.8
$2,591.5
$4,774.8
                     $2,654.1
                     $4,927.9
                                                                 $62.6
                                                                $153.1
                               TOTAL   $9,835.0   $9,087.3   $7,216.3   $7,366.3   $7,582.0    $215.7
        $1,936.3   $2,080.0   $1,938.4   $1,938.4   $1,521.2   -$417.2
        $1,642.0   $1,200.0   $1,200.0   $1,200.0   $1,200.0

TOTAL   $3,578.3   $3,280.0   $3,138.4   $3,138.4   $2,721.2   -$417.2


        $4,187.7   $4,652.9   $4,544.2   $4,544.2   $4,864.1     $319.9
        $2,900.0   $2,115.3   $2,415.3   $2,415.3   $3,425.3  $1,010.0

TOTAL   $7,087.7   $6,768.2   $6,959.5   $6,959.5   $8,289.4  $1,329.9

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                                             WATER QUALITY
                                Water Quality Strategies Implementation

                                ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                            1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
.
TOTAL :
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Water Quality TOTAL
Strategies
Implementation
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
? Dredge and Fill
Ocean Disposal Permits
Environmental Emergency
Response & Prevention
Standards & Regulations
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Dredge and Fill
Ocy
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                                                    WATER QUALITY
                                       Water Quality Strategies Implementation

                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                        1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                   1988                  1988       '      1989 VS 1988
       Standards & Regulations
       (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

 85.2       91.6       91.6
 92.8
                                  92.8
       TOTAL WORKYEARS
265.9
280.3      301.3
291.1
279.1     -12.0
-o

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                                   WATER QUALITY

                      Water Quality Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $26,300,300  supported  by  279.1  total  workyears
for 1989, an  increase of $2,458,500  and a decrease  of 12.0 total  workyears  from
1988.  Of the  request, $13,697,100 will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and  $12,603,200 will  be for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appro-
priation, an Increase of $237,900 and $2,220,600 respectively.

Program Description

     The Headquarters and Regional  programs under this subactlvlty Include:

     Dredge and Fill—  This  program Implements   EPA's   responsibilities  under
Section 404 of the  Clean  Water Act (CWA) to ensure that discharges of  dredged and
fill material are  done in a  manner which  adequately protects  wetlands and  other
waters of the  United States.   Activities  are  Included to develop  State programs
to protect wetlands  and  coordinate public and private  programs  affecting wetlands
to Improve levels of protection for environmentally Important  functions.

     Ocean Disposal Permits — The ocean  disposal  program  regulates ocean disposal
by outfalls and dumping,  designates  disposal  sites, develops ocean disposal  poli-
cies, and participates in inter-agency programs  that  deal  with  the  development and
protection of ocean resources.  The Agency's ocean disposal programs are authorized
by the  Marine  Protection,  Research and  Sanctuaries  Act (MPRSA), the CWA,  and the
Plastic Pollution Research  and Control   Act of  1987,  and  are consistent with the
mandatory provisions of the Convention on Prevention of Marine Pollution by  Dumping
of Wastes and Other Matter,  known as the  London Dumping Convention.

     To carry out ocean disposal permitting functions,  the Administrator  of EPA is
authorized to regulate the disposal  of all materials, except dredged  material, which
is regulated by  the Corps  of Engineers.   MPRSA prohibits the  transportation  and
dumping in ocean  water of chemical, biological, and radiological  warfare agents and
high level radioactive materials.  EPA has statutory responsibility  for  designating
all ocean dumping sites,  including those  for dredged material.

     Environmental  Emergency Response and Prevention — This  program  protects  pub-
lic health and the environment from the hazards associated  with  accidental releases
of oil  and  other petroleum products  into navigable  waters  of the  United  States.
EPA shares responsibility  for this  program with  the United States  Coast  Guard.

     The Agency coordinates an  emergency response program to provide a nationwide
capability for containment  and removal   of accidental  releases  of oil and  other
petroleum products.  EPA establishes  a policy  framework,  ensures national  consis-
tency of  field operations,  and maintains  the  oil component  of the  Environmental
Response Team (ERT)  which provides special  engineering and technical advice.   The
Agency also has  responsibility to maintain  a  24-hour  alert  system to  respond to
notifications of  accidental  releases and  manage the response work.

     Standards and Regulations —   This   program  implements  water  quality-based
controls by setting  water quality  standards under  Sections 303,  304(a), and 307{a)
of the  CWA.   EPA and  the States  use the  water quality   criteria  adopted  in  the
standards as the basis for water  quality-based  controls.   EPA  publishes guidance
on water quality criteria applicable  to  freshwater,  marine, and estuarine environ-
ments and sediments.   Under Section  405,  the Agency develops  and publishes  regula-
tions which provide  guidelines  for the disposal  and  utilization of  sludge.   This
program also includes management of the Clean  Lakes grants  program.


                                        WQ-41

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DREDGE AND FILL

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $7,707,700 supported by 103.9  total  workyears
for this program, of which  $4,657,700  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,050,000 will be for the Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appropri-
ation.  This represents an  Increase of $272,600  and  $1,057,500,  respectively,  and
no change In total workyears.  The Increases reflect the Agency's  focus on wetlands
Issues and support for State programs to protect wetlands.

     In 1989 additional program and technical  guidance will be developed on wetlands
protection.  Study efforts  will  emphasize  Increasing the  scientific  knowledge  of
wetlands values and functions, and  Increased assistance will be provided to States
and local entitles.

     The program will  continue Its efforts to enhance the Section  404 program which
ensures that discharges  of dredged and  fill  material meet  basic  environmental
criteria.  While  the Army   Corps  of Engineers  retains  the primary  responsibility
for Issuing permits for the disposal  of dredged  and  fill  material,  the Agency has
several key responsibilities In the administration  and Implementation  of  the pro-
gram.  These responsibilities  Include  assuring  that  the permits  comply  with  the
environmental criteria contained 1n .the  Section  404(b)(l) Guidelines, restricting
or prohibiting permit Issuance 1f the  effects  are determined to be environmentally
unacceptable, delegating to Interested  and qualified States authority to administer
the Section 404 program, and bringing civil  or criminal  enforcement actions against
unauthorized dischargers and permit violators.

     A number  of  guidance  documents  and  technical   manuals   will  be  revised or
developed to reflect evolving  Agency policy.   The  final  mitigation policy,  under
the Section 404(b)(l)  Guidelines, will  be  completed and Implementation will begin.
EPA will Issue technical guidance regarding Section 404(c), EPA's  "veto" authority
over permit Issuance, and  will  be preparing revised  regulations.   Other technical
guidance 1s planned  for open-water  disposal  of  contaminated  soil  and de-minimus
discharges.

     Enforcement activities  under  Section  404 will  be emphasized.   The  program
expects to develop an  enforcement practices manual  and conduct  State enforcement
workshops In 1989.  The statutorily mandated  Report  to  Congress  on   Section  404
enforcement mechanisms will  also  be issued.   The Agency will  pursue the potential
for field inspection support by other  agencies  in  enforcement actions as  well  as
continue its  efforts  to   implement the  new  administrative  penalty  enforcement
authorities for Section 404'compliance.

     The program will  continue to develop  technical  methods and data to support its
Section 404 regulatory  operations.   A  geographic jurisdiction delineation  manual,
developed in conjunction with the Corps of  Engineers, will be issued  in  1989,  and
two technical  methods manuals resulting from the  Bottomland Hardwoods  studies will
be published.  The first manual will provide  information on wetland evaluation  in
Bottomland Hardwood ecosystems and  the second will  finalize a method  to determine
cumulative impacts.

     The Agency will  work with  States,  Indian  tribes  and local entities to promote
delegation of the  Section  404  administrative responsibilities  to increase  wetland
protection efforts.  Guidance on State  assumption of  the program  will  be issued in
1989.  Because  of the  unique  authorities  of  local  governments   (e.g.,  taxation,
parks and  recreation  planning),  the  program  will  develop specific  initiatives
directly related to local  government activities for wetlands protection.  The State
Clean Water Strategies  will also  be  a means   for  identifying wetland  protection
efforts and needs and  integrating  these  into more  comprehensive protection  and
regulatory activities at the State and  local  levels.  A handbook on  community rela-
tions related to Advanced Identification (a joint EPA/Corps of Engineers effort to


                                       WQ-42

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Identify sensitive wetlands prior to decisions on permitting) will be  completed in
1989.  A pilot  project  at the Regional level  will  also be  undertaken to  assess
the use of Advanced Identification within a particular geographic  area.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the  Agency  1s allocating  a total  of $6,377,600  supported by  103.9
total workyears for  this program,  of which  $4',385,100 is from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $1,992,500 is from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The policy framework for the Section 404 program  continues to be  strengthened
through issuance  of  guidance  and technical  manuals  in  1988.    The base program
of permit review, enforcement and advanced  identification 1s being enhanced  by  the
joint efforts of  EPA and the Corps  of Engineers.  In  particular, the  enforcement
program will utilize  the Water Quality  Act's  new administrative penalty enforce-
ment authorities for Section 404 compliance.  Other efforts  include the Issuance of
a mitigation policy and  guidance  on alternatives analyses.  Technical  guidance on
Section 404(c)   is under  development and the  program  will  initiate revisions  to
these regulations in 1988.

     In 1988 more attention  is being  given to  geographic  areas where the most
significant environmental problems  are  occurring  from the  loss of  wetlands.   The
Agency, working with  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and other Federal,  State and  local
governments, is Identifying particularly valuable wetland resources that are threat-
ened by increasing development/conversion pressures.   Regions will use  this process
in 1988 to anticipate future permit needs and problems.

     The National  Forum  on  Wetlands will  be completed this year, and  appropriate
steps will  be.taken to act upon its  recommendations for a better  national approach
to wetlands protection.   Other  cooperative efforts with  Federal  agencies and  the
private sector  to enhance scientific knowledge and technical  data  bases for wetland
protection are  continuing.  The joint EPA  and Army Corps of Engineers  methodology
for establishing  jurisdictional limits  of wetlands  is being completed  this  year.
The Agency is also initiating an  assessment/monitoring project  on wetlands  status
and quality.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a total   of  $5,624,800  supported  by  77.7  total
workyears for this program, of which $3,539,900  was  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $2,084,900 was from the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance  appro-
priation.

     The Agency developed  and  Issued a number  of policy,  procedural and guidance
documents in 1987 to  ensure  the  effective  implementation  of  EPA's  Section  404
responsibilities.   These  activities included interagency efforts to develop a miti-
gation policy under  Section 404(b)(l) Guidelines, issuance  of  rules and guidance
under the new administrative  penalty authority, joint  guidance with the Corps  of
Engineers on interpretation  of exemptions  under Section 404(f),  and handling  of
major permit cases elevated to Headquarters  under the  memorandum  of  agreement with
the Corps of Engineers or under EPA's authority to prohibit or restrict discharge
under 404(c).

     EPA developed regulations to facilitate the assumption of Section  404 respon-
sibilities by interested  and  qualified  States.   Efforts to promote  enhancement of
State and  local   wetlands  protection programs  also  included  the development   of
guidance on how to conduct Advanced  Identifications through working  with the  Corps
of Engineers and other Federal,  State and local  agencies.
                                       WQ-43

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     The Agency worked with  other  Federal  agencies and the private  sector in 1987
to broaden  the base  of  scientific and  technical  knowledge regarding  wetlands.
Activities Included data collection on profiles of high priority wetlands, develop-
ment of wetland water quality criteria and  studies of cumulative Impacts  on wet-
lands.  The pilot project on special ecosystems,  Bottomland Hardwoods,  was largely
completed 1n 1987.

     A National Forum on Wetlands  was  Initiated to obtain  recommendations on a new
national policy to better protect wetlands.


OCEAN DISPOSAL PERMITS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total $7,582,000  supported by 45.4 total workyears for
this program, of which $2,654,100  will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $4,927,900 will  be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.
This represents an  Increase  of $62,600 in the Salaries and  Expenses,  an increase
of $153,100  In Abatement, Control  and  Compliance, and a decrease of  2.0  total
workyears.  The Increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects  an  Increase  in personnel
costs and the decrease in total workyears  reflects a  shift in resources due to the
suspension of a program to incinerate liquid  hazardous wastes  at sea.  The Increase
in Abatement, Control and Compliance  reflects additional activities  related to the
Mud Dump Site and plastics studies  undertaken in 1988.

     The Agency will begin implementation  of the revised Ocean Disposal  (OD) reg-
ulation which  is  to be promulgated 1n  final  form in 1989.   This regulation will
include provisions  for permit  application  fees,  which will be administered begin-
ning in 1989.  Support will  be provided to  the Regions through program  guidance and
technical  protocols prepared by Headquarters.

     The Agency's  Regional -  offices  will   continue implementing  the Memoranda  of
Understanding (MOUs) for dredged material  disposal site environmental impact state-
ments (EISs) and site designations, which  are  being negotiated  between  the Regions
and the District offices of  the  Corps  of Engineers (COE) 1n  1988.  These  MOUs are
to follow-up on the national  EPA-COE  MOU  negotiated in 1987, and will  enhance the
coordination and cooperation between EPA Regions,  COE  District  offices, and permit
applicants.

     The Agency will  continue  two  planning  program studies   in the  New York  area
that were begun in 1988.   The first of these  is the New York  Bight Restoration Plan
required by the Plastic Pollution Research  and Control  Act  of  1987.   This plan will
include an  Identification  and assessment  of  pollutant  inputs  and their  impacts,
determination of methods  and costs  necessary  to control  such Inputs,  identification
of impediments to  a clean-up program, and a  schedule  and other requirements  for
Implementing a  clean-up  program.   The  second study  is on the  designation  of  an
alternative to the  New York  Mud Dump Site for the  disposal of dredged  material  as
required by the Water Resources Development Act of 1986.

     In 1989, this  program will  also  continue work on a study  with  the Department
of Commerce on the  adverse effects of the  Improper disposal of plastic  articles  on
the marine environment and on  methods  to  reduce the amount of plastic  debris.   In
addition,  the  Agency  will  continue a  three-year  public  outreach  and  education
program, initiated in 1988 in cooperation with the National Oceanic and  Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)  and  the  Department  of  Transportation,  on the  problems  of
plastic debris in the marine  environment and  the need for reduction of such debris.

     The Agency will continue to review and  issue  permits  for municipal  and indus-
trial  ocean disposal.  This  activity includes evaluating and  characterizing  waste


                                       WQ-44

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samples on  a  case-by-case  basis.   In  addition,  more  complex cross-media  Impact
analysis will   be required  by. the  revised  OD  regulations.   The  Water  Resources
Development Act  of  1986  requires the Agency to  review and participate In  various
water resource projects to be carried  out  by the  COE,  and may continue to Increase
the site designation workload.

     The ongoing  site management  responsibilities  will  Increase  as more  Interim
dredged material disposal sites are designated as final sites.  There 1s Increasing
usage of deep water  sites  for municipal  and Industrial  disposal  operations.   There
will be  a  further  emphasis  on  data  management as  the  number  of  continuing  and
comprehensive site monitoring programs Increases.


1988 Program

     The Agency 1s allocating a total of $7,366,300 supported by 47.4 total  workyears
for this program, of which $2,591,500 1s from the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $4,774,800  1s  from  the  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance  appropriation.

     The Agency  1s  completing development  of  a comprehensive  revision to the  OD
regulation and development of program guidance and technical protocols, as required.
The comprehensive revision responds to two  court  cases, amendments to legislation,
and the knowledge and experience gained through  program management.  As an integral
part of the comprehensive  revision,  the Agency  1s completing  the  development of  a
permit application  fee system for  ocean  disposal.  The Agency will  continue  to
implement the research strategy for the program.  The Agency's Regional  offices  are
negotiating and beginning implementation of MOUs with the COE District offices,  for
the preparation  of  dredged material disposal  site EISs  and site designations  to
enhance interagency coordination in this activity.

     Work is underway on preparation of a New York Bight Restoration Plan, which is
to be completed  in  three years.  Two  studies,  one relating to the selection  of an
alternative disposal site to replace the  New York Mud Dump and a second to  determine
the resolution of the problem of plastics disposal in  the New York Bight, are also
being undertaken.  The Mud Dump study and  recommendations for an alternate  site is
to be completed in three years.   The New  York Bight plastics study  — giving special
attention to the effects of plastics debris on beaches,  marine life, the environment
and coastal waters  in the  New York Bight  — is scheduled  to be completed with  a
report and  recommendations to  Congress  during  1988.   The Agency is  also  beginning
efforts, in conjunction with  NOAA, on a study of  methods to reduce plastic  pollution
in the  marine  environment  and a  three-year public  education program  on  plastics
pollution, as called for in the Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of  1987.

     The transfer of  sludge  dumping from the 12-mile site in  the  New York Bight to
the deepwater municipal sludge dump site (106-mile) and baseline monitoring of  the
deepwater site are to be completed in 1988.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency obligated a  total  of  $9,835,000 supported  by 52.8  total
workyears for this program, of which $2,641,200 was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and $7,193,800 was from the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance appro-
priation.

     The Agency continued development  of a  comprehensive revision to  the OD  regula-
tion.  Negotiations were completed for a national MOU with  the COE, which establishes
the basis  for  cooperative  work  in  the  final designation and management of  three
categories of ocean dredged material disposal sites.  The  Agency continued to review
COE permits for  ocean dredged material  disposal  and  issue  permits  for  municipal
and industrial  ocean disposal.  This activity included evaluating and characterizing
waste samples  on a case-by-case basis.


                                       WQ-45 '

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     The Agency continued its efforts to develop a final 1nc1nerat1on-at-sea regula-
tion, which Included the  preparation  of appropriate guidance documents and  a  data
management system.  The  Agency  Increased Its effort to  locate  suitable sites  for
ocean Incineration activities.  Research activities assessed the long term  environ-
mental Impacts of 1nc1nerat1on-at-sea.


ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREVENTION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $2,721,200  supported by 37.0 total workyears
for this program, of which  $1,521,200  will  be for the  Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,200,000 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation.  This reflects a decrease of $417,200 in Salaries and Expenses, no change in
Abatement, Control and  Compliance,  and a  decrease of  10.0 total workyears.   The
decrease in Salaries  and Expenses and total  workyears reflects the  maturation  of
the program,  streamlined management,  and  the  Increased ability  of  responsible
parties and  State  and  local   governments  to  respond  effectively  to releases.

     The Agency  will  continue  to  have a  24-hour-a-day  capability  to respond  to
notifications of accidental  spills or threats of releases.  Federal  removal will  be
directed at major Incidents where the  responsible party Is unidentifiable; refuses
to, or Is Incapable of providing timely and effective removal; and where States and
local authorities lack  the  necessary  expertise,  equipment,  or  funding to respond
effectively.

     Federal regulations require Implementation of a Spill Prevention, Control, and
Counter-measure (SPCC) plan at oil  storage facilities and transfer points that could
reasonably be expected to spill a significant amount of  oil  into  navigable waters.
Staff, with assistance -from  contractor personnel, will  conduct  compliance inspec-
tions at selected non-transportation-related (NTR) facilities included in  the  SPCC
program in  an  effort to  reduce the  frequency and volume of releases  that  occur.

     The Agency also will maintain  an  Environmental  Response Team (ERT) to provide
Regional and  State personnel  with  response training  and  on-site  technical  and
operational assistance  at complex  emergency Incidents.   The  ERT  is  staffed  by
personnel with a  high  degree of expertise  in  the areas  of spill  control  and  re-
moval, spill sampling and analysis  techniques,  and damage assessment.


1988 Program

     In 1988,   the Agency 1s  allocating a  total  of $3,138,400 supported   by  47.0
total workyears for  this program,   of which  $1,938,400 1s  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $1,200,000 1s from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     Personnel are  available  on   a  24-hour basis  to  respond  to   notifications
received by the  National  Response  Center of accidental  releases  of oil and other
petroleum products.   The oil component of the ERT provides special engineering and
technical advice at any  unusually large or  complex spill.  The  Agency is providing
on-scene monitoring at  removals undertaken by  responsible parties  or State  and
local authorities and is directing  removal  activities at major oil  incidents.  SPCC
inspections are being conducted at  NTR  facilities.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency obligated  $3,578,300 supported by 50.2  total  workyears for
this program,  of which $1,936,300 was  from  the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation
and $1,642,000 was from  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.   The


                                         WQ-46

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Agency received and screened notifications of oil  spill  releases,  directed removals
at major oil spills, and  responded  on-scene at non-Federally funded Incidents.   In
addition, the Agency conducted 1,178 SPCC Inspections at NTR facilities.


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $8,289,400 supported by 92.8 total workyears  for
this program, of which $4,864,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,425,300  will  be for  the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.
This represents an Increase of $319,900 and $1,010,000,  respectively, and no change
1n total workyears.  The increase 1n the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects
full year funding  of additional workyears provided in 1988 to  implement the Water
Quality Act.  The  increase  in  the  Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation
addresses Increased  activities  1n  water  quality  standards  and  sludge  criteria/
regulation development.

     In 1989, the  Agency  will  publish proposed and final freshwater and saltwater
human health and aquatic  toxidty  criteria documents for up to 10  toxic and non-
conventional pollutants.  Up to 30  water quality advisories will  be issued.  Head-
quarters will  assist the  Regions  in  reviewing State and  Indian tribe  standards
relating to use attainability, site-specific criteria development,  antldegradation,
and the adoption of criteria for toxic pollutants.   Sediment criteria  values  for
nonpolar organic contaminants will  be developed for six  contaminants.

     Regions will  work  with  States  and Indians  to  examine the  adequacy  of  all
narrative criteria for  toxics and the  control methods recommended  for point source
toxic discharges.  In support of water quality-based permits,  Regions will work with
States to resolve complex use/criteria revision and modification issues and differ-
ences in State standards.   Antidegradation policies will be reviewed for consistency
with regulatory  requirements, and  State  implementation  methods will  be  developed.

     EPA will  use  additional resources  to determine priority water  segments that
require site-specific criteria development.  Regions will assist  States and Indian
tribes in collecting data and  selecting appropriate methods and procedures  for  use
attainability analyses.   Where necessary, Regions will  help  schedule and  conduct
use attainability  analyses  and provide  guidance,  Agency data,  and examples from
other States or Regions.

     Regions will continue to provide guidance and assistance to States for develop-
ing assessments of  lake water quality and integrating these assessments into overall
State Clean Water  Strategies (SCWS) and  Section  305(b)  Reports.   The Agency will
submit a report  to Congress on State assessments  of lake  water  quality.   Regions
will manage  existing  grants to  States  for lake  assessments  and  restorations.

     In 1989, the  Agency  will  use  additional  resources  to promulgate and implement
final regulations  identifying  toxic pollutants in  sludge,  appropriate  management
practices, and  numerical  limitations  for 31  pollutants.   Five technical  support
documents will be prepared that address  disposal options.   Headquarters will  prepare
guidance documents  for  each disposal  option,  and  conduct two public  hearings  and
two seminars.  A proposed regulation will be published to identify additional toxic
pollutants in  sludge along with  supporting technical documents.   Efforts  underway
to generate  incinerator emissions  data  will  continue and  sludge risk  assessment
methodologies and criteria documents for pathogens  will  be finalized.  Regional  and
State staffs will  be trained to interpret and apply the regulations,  guidance will
be developed on  sludge  testing and  monitoring, and technical requirements  will  be
incorporated into SCWS.
                                       WQ-47

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1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency  1s allocating  a total   of $6,959,50  0  supported  by  92.8
total workyears  for this  program, of  which $4,544,200 Is  from  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $2,415,300 1s from the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The  program  continues  to  emphasize  developing  and   Issuing  criteria and
advisories for toxic  and non-conventional  pollutants  concerning  human health and
aquatic life, with emphasis  on  the human health effects of  Ingesting  aquatic.life
where bioaccumulation of  toxics  1s of  concern.   Efforts are focused  on  reviewing
State adopted standards  for consistency with  regulations  and guidance and  aiding
Regions, States, and  Indian  tribes  to Interpret and apply regulatory  requirements
to Implement the surface water toxic control program.

     Sludge regulations are scheduled  to be  proposed and  will cover  five  reuse/
disposal options: land application, distribution and marketing,  landfllUng,  Incin-
eration, and  ocean disposal.   Five technical  support documents are  being prepared
that address disposal options.   A risk assessment methodology for pathogens found
In sludge is being drafted and criteria documents  are being Initiated.  The  program
is conducting an outreach  program on  the proposed sludge  regulations  and the pro-
posed technology-based  pathogen  reduction  regulation.    Education/Implementation
efforts with the States/Regions are being Initiated.

     The Regions are  working with  the States and  Indian  tribes  to (1)  establish
technically sound,  enforceable  water  quality  standards  as   the  basis  for water
quality-based  treatment controls; (2) conduct use  attainability  analyses  and de-
velop site-specific criteria; (3) identify  and adopt criteria for toxic pollutants
in State  standards;  and  (4)  clarify  antidegradation  policies  and  implementation
methods.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated $7,087,700 supported by  85.2  total workyears for
this program, of which $4,187,700  was  from the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $2,900,000  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance   appropriation.

     The program published 20 proposed/final freshwater and marine criteria and 30
advisories.  EPA reviewed  State  adopted  standards,  completed  use attainability
analyses, and updated toxic pollutant provisions in  State standards   and antidegra-
dation policies.   Five quantitative   chemical-by-chemical  risk  assessment method-
ologies for  use  and   disposal  of  sewage sludge  and  qualitative risk assessment
methodologies  for  pathogenic  organisms  in  sewage  sludge were   developed.  In
addition, the  Agency completed  revisions of  technology-based  pathogen reduction
processes for Incorporation into the proposed sewage sludge rule.
                                       WQ-48

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.*»
«o
                                              WATER QUALITY
                                   Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM.
Coastal Environment
Management
 Salaries 4 Expenses            $1,811.1   $2,377.1   $3,332.5   $3,332.5   $3,805.1    $472.6
 Abatement Control  and          $9,593.4   $7,636.0   $7,636.0   $7,636.0  $11,378.5  $3,742.5
 Compliance
                        TOTAL  $11,404.5  $10,013.1  $10,968.5  $10,968.5  $15,183.6  $4,215.1

Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
 Salaries & Expenses            $7,579.9   $7,753.4   $7,788.6   $7,788.6   $8,237.6    $449.0
 Abatement Control  and          $4,794.3   $2,069.9   $2,399.9   $2,909.9   $6,659.9  $3,750.0
 'Compliance
                        TOTAL  $12,374.2   $9,823.3  $10,188.5  $10,698.5  $14,897.5  $4,199.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses            $9,391.0  $10,130.5  $11,121.1  $11,121.1  $12,042.7    $921.6
 Abatement Control and         $14,387.7   $9,705.9  $10,035.9  $10,545.9  $18,038.4  $7,492.5
 Compliance

Water Quality           TOTAL  $23,778.7  $19,836.4  $21,157.0  $21,667.0  $30,081.1  $8,414.1
Monitoring & Analysis


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Coastal Environment   .              38.9       53.8       78.8       87.2       91.4       4.2
Management

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                                              WATER QUALITY
                                   Water Quality Monitoring & Analysis

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

Water Quality
Monitoring & Analysis
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
(
152.6
191.5
DOLLARS IN
158.2
212.0
THOUSANDS)
167.7
246.5

158.8
246.0

165.5
256.9

6.7
10.9
TOTAL WORKYEARS
       Coastal  Environment
       Management

c     Water Quality
*?     Monitoring  4 Analysis
en
       TOTAL WORKYEARS    .
                                    42.6
53.8
                                   164.8      158.2
78.8
89.4
          167.7      165.5
                                   207.4      212.0      246.5      254.9
91.4
                     165.5
                                256.9
2.0
                                 2.0

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                       Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $30,081,100 supported by 256.9 total  workyears
for 1989, an  Increase of $8,414,100  and an increase of  2.0 total  workyears  from
1988.  Of the request, $12,042,700 will  be for the Salaries  and Expenses  appropria-
tion and $18,038,400  will be  for the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropria-
tion, an Increase of $921,600 and $7,492,500 respectively.

Program Description

     The Headquarters and Regional  programs under  this  subactivity Include:

     Coastal Environment Management— This program integrates  all  Clean  Water Act
(CWA) activities related  to  near  coastal  waters,  including  the National  Estuary
Program and point  source discharges  to marine waters,  marine discharge waivers,
and ocean discharge   criteria  evaluations.  This  program  provides  assistance  to
support those  State   and  local  management  activities  required  to  protect  or  to
restore the estuarine zone and  continental  shelf  ecosystems, Including water qual-
ity, balanced  Indigenous  populations  of  marine biota, and other  beneficial  uses
from the adverse impacts of toxic, nutrient, and other pollutants.  These  activities
include: 1) implementing the  Agency's Near Coastal Waters  strategic  planning  ini-
tiative, 2) supporting  State  and local projects  in the National Estuary Program,
3) making determinations on 301{h) marine  discharge waiver  requests and  monitoring
waiver recipient discharge  impacts and  permit compliance,  and  4)  evaluating  all
ocean discharges against 403(c) criteria.

     Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis --   This program  supports biological,
chemical, and physical evaluations of water quality to assess  water quality  status
and trends, identify  water quality problems and their  causes,  and determine cost-
effective levels of control required  to meet local water quality objectives.   The
program emphasizes  effective  technical  guidance  and   assistance  to  the  States,
which are primarily  responsible for  collecting, analyzing, and  interpreting moni-
toring data.  High priority is  placed on new responsibilities imposed by the  1987
Water Quality Act, especially those related to  identification, listing and  control
of waters  impaired  by  toxic  pollutants.   These  activities and  requirements  are
authorized by  Sections  104,  106,  303,  304, 305,  307,   319  and 402  of the CWA,  as
amended.


COASTAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $15,183,600 supported by  91.4 total  workyears
for this program, of  which $3,805,100 will  be for the  Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and $11,378,500 will be for  the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appro-
priation.  This  represents  increases  of $472,600  in  Salaries  and  Expenses   and
$3,742,500 in  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance,  and  an  increase  of  2.0  total
workyears.  The  increases  in  Salaries  and Expenses and  total  workyears  are  to
support an expansion  of the Gulf of  Mexico Initiative.  The increase  in  Abatement,
Control, and Compliance is to  continue  support for the twelve estuary projects  in
the National Estuary  Program  by offsetting a reduction of $3,830,000 from 1988  in
funds available from the Section 205(1) construction grants  set-aside.

     For the Near  Coastal  Waters  (NCWs)  initiative,  the Agency will  continue  to
conduct a national baseline survey of the conditions of all NCWs to  better  define


                                       WQ-51

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environmental problems and Identify waters needing management attention.   Resources
will be provided to the National  Oceanic  and Atmospheric Administration  (NOAA) and
other Federal agencies  for the  second  phase of  the baseline survey.   Additional
pilot projects  will  be selected  to  develop  Innovative management techniques.   In
1989, a national network  will  be initiated to exchange information on NCW problems
and management  tools,  and  Information  on estuary programs, including  Chesapeake
Bay, and the Great  Lakes  and NCWs pilot projects.  This network will  link coastal
Regions and  States, local  governments,  other  Federal  agencies, and public  and
private groups.  The Agency will also continue support for the Institutional frame-
work for a  near coastal  initiative in  the Gulf  of Mexico,  and add support for
resource characterization and assessment activities in 1989.

     The National Estuary Program, authorized through Section 320 of  the  CWA,  will
continue providing management, administrative, and technical  support  and  oversight
to twelve estuary projects,  Including the six existing projects — San Francisco Bay,
Albemarle-Pamlico Sounds,  Narragansett  Bay,  Long  Island Sound,  Puget Sound,  and
Buzzards Bay.   Six  new projects,  being  designated  in  1988, will have  Management
Conferences convened for their Planning Initiative stage.

     The Agency,  through  the  National   Pollutant  Discharge  Elimination  System
(NPDES) delegated States,  will begin to address  the larger universe of point source
discharges to estuaries  to reduce pollutant  loadings  having Impacts  on  estuaries
and near coastal waters.   The 301(h) program will  be 1n an  operational   mode  with
its focus on the evaluation of monitoring programs  to ensure the integrity of the
programs and permit reissuance.  The Regions  will make  final  waiver  determinations
for the remaining first round applications, and preliminary  work will  be  completed
to reissue permits which expire in 1990,  Including  the new requirement for secondary
treatment equivalency determinations.  To implement the new requirements of the CWA,
the Agency will  issue  draft 301(h) revised  regulations,  final  guidance   on Marine
Sanitation Devices,  and final  technical guidance on secondary equivalency  for toxics
removal.  The Agency will continue to provide technical assistance for implementa-
tion of new national  guidance on compliance with  403(c)  requirements and development
of programs to conduct Ocean Discharge Criteria  Evaluations  (ODCEs).


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of  $10,968,500  supported  by  89.4
total workyears for  this  program,  of which  $3,332,500  is  from  the   Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $7,636,000 is  from the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation.   The   National   Estuary  Program  activities are  also  supported  by
$7,680,000 provided  through the 205(1)  construction grant set-aside.

     In addition to  ongoing  estuarine activities, the Agency 1s beginning  an assess-
ment of all  NCWs  to determine environmental  status  and water quality trends,  and
to identify NCWs needing  management  attention.   In a parallel effort, three pilot
projects are being conducted in coastal and marine areas to test Innovative solutions
for identified major environmental problems.

     The Agency is also establishing an institutional framework for a  near coastal
initiative for the  Gulf of Mexico to  identify  and  address  priority  environmental
water quality and related problems.   The  Gulf Initiative will allow  the  Agency to
undertake integrated planning and  to  target  geographically a multitude of Federal
and non-federal   resources  and  regulatory powers  to  address  serious   pollution
problems in the Gulf.

     The National  Estuary Program  will  be expanded  to  twelve projects by  the  end
of 1988.  Six of these projects are ongoing — the Buzzards Bay project is  beginning


                                       WQ-52

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to Implement Its Comprehensive Conservation  and Management Plan  (CCMP); the  Narra-
gansett Bay, Long Island Sound, and Puget Sound projects are developing their CCMPs;
and the  Albemarle-Pamlloo  Sounds and San  Francisco Bay  projects  are developing
their Problem  Definition/Characterization  work.   State/EPA  Conference Agreements
have been negotiated for each  ongoing project.  These Agreements document the  need
to convene a Management Conference and establish a schedule for meeting the purposes
and requirements of Section 320.

     A number of estuary project  proposals  are  being evaluated,  Including the six
remaining estuaries designated 1n Section  320 for "priority consideration"  — New
York-New Jersey Harbor, Delaware  Bay, Delaware Inland Bays, Sarasota  Bay, Galveston
Bay, and  Santa  Monica  Bay.  The  six  new projects  being selected In  1988 to begin
"start-up" Planning Initiative activities,  will  result  from decisions to convene
Management Conferences based on the Agency's  evaluation  of Governor's nominations,
as provided in Section 320.  Resources  support the Increased emphasis required for
conducting pollutant load  assessments  and   completing  assessments  of status  and
trends.  Systemwlde monitoring 1s being developed in each program to determine the
environmental effectiveness of  actions taken,  which  is also a new  requirement.
Priority action plans that have been  approved by Management Conferences will receive
implementation assistance using 205(1) set-aside  resources.

     Program guidance is being developed by  the Agency for a number  of activities
Including Governor's Nominations  procedures,  technology transfer  manuals, a Program
Primer, a Financial Management Primer, and a Management  Handbook.  A  Memorandum  of
Understanding (MOU) with NOAA 1s being developed to Implement Section 320(j) regard-
ing estuarine .research and management.

     The Agency is  continuing  to  provide  technical   support  for  the review  of the
301{h) marine discharge  monitoring programs.  Most  first round  application  waiver
decisions are to be completed by the end of  1988, and waiver recipients will begin
implementing required water quality monitoring programs.  The  focus  of the program
is shifting to  the management and analysis of monitoring data from waiver recipients,
and meeting the statutory  requirement for  determinations of  secondary equivalency
for toxics.   The Agency  1s also  continuing  to support  the  preparation of  403(c)
ODCEs for general  permits  for  offshore oil  and  gas  facilities.  ODCEs  for other
NPDES marine dischargers are being determined by a  national assessment and priority
ranking based  on  environmental  impacts.   Technical  assistance  will  be provided
nationally for preparation of selected evaluations.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a  total  of $11,404,500 supported  by 42.6 total
workyears for this  program, of which  $1,811,100 was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $9,593,400 was  from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appro-
priation.  The National  Estuary Program was  also supported by $3,870,000 provided
through the 205(1)  construction grant set-aside.

     The Agency's  ongoing  estuary program  was  formally  authorized  under Section
320 of the  amended CWA  and a  number of  new program procedures and  requirements
were established for the program.   A priority focus  of  the  program was to  ensure
that six ongoing estuary projects were brought into  compliance with  the new  legis-
lation while progress  on these projects continued under existing work plans.   In
1987, the National  Estuary  Program placed increased emphasis  on technology transfer
through completing   and distributing  a  program guidance manual   and  developing a
handbook which  describes management  strategies that  have been successfully  imple-
mented in selected  estuaries.  Increased  coordination with other Federal agencies
included interagency agreements  with the Department of  the Interior's programs,
expansion of NOAA  support  activities in the two  new estuary programs (Albemarle-
Pamlico Sounds  and  San Francisco Bay), and  work  with  the U.S.  Geological   Survey
in estimating pollutant loadings  to  estuaries and near coastal  waters.
                                       WQ-53

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     Support was provided  for  work by NOAA  on  water quality status and  trends in
Long Island Sound.  This provided Increased Information on toxic contaminant levels
In sediments  and living resources, links  between pollutant loadings and observed
effects, and modeling.  Support was also provided for efforts 1n  the NCW  strategic
planning Initiative to  assess  susceptibility of near coastal waters to pollution,
Including Indicators of environmental  stress and guidance to EPA Regions and States
on assessing problems 1n these waters.

     .In 1987, the  301(h)  final decision-making on waiver applications was accel-
erated to assure that the  maximum feasible number  of waiver decisions  were  com-
pleted 1n compliance  with the National  Municipal Policy.  Waiver  recipients  also
Implemented their  monitoring  programs and began  to submit monitoring  data  to the
Agency for  analysis  and determlnlnation of  permit compliance.   For 403(c)  QDCEs,
technical support  was provided during 1987 to the  Regions  for general  NPOES permit
Issuance to offshore oil and gas facilities.


WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ANALYSIS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total of $14,897,500 supported  by  165.5  total  workyears
for this program,  of which $8,237,600 will  be for the Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation and $6,659,900 will  be for  the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appro-
priation.  This  represents an  Increase  of  $449,000 and  $3,750,000 respectively,
and no change 1n total  workyears.   The  Increase In  Salaries and  Expenses reflects
full year funding  of  additional  workyears  provided  1n 1988 to  Implement  the Water
Quality Act (WQA).  The increase in Abatement, Control and Compliance 1s  necessary
to address increased program activities mandated by the WQA.

     In 1989, a  number of  new  activities  will  be conducted  in the water quality
monitoring and analysis program.   Headquarters  will Issue  guidance for targetting
geographic areas for human health and aquatic life hazard  Identification,  and  will
assist the Regions and  States  to  develop clean water  and  individual toxic control
strategies.   Headquarters will  assist the  Regions  to  develop lists of waters im-
paired by toxics and other problems as required by new Section 304(1) of  the Clean
Water Act (CWA)  and to  review and approve the exposure and risk  assessment (e.g.,
total maximum  daily   1 pads/waste!oad  allocations  (TMDL/WLA))  portions  of State
toxics control strategies.   EPA will  also  devote additional  resources to  conduct
exposure and risk  assessments at 20 geographic  locations  for  toxic  pollutants  that
are the most likely candidates for effluent guidelines, 307(a)(l)  listing, or other
regulatory action.

     Headquarters will Issue guidance for the use  of exposure and risk  assessments
to reduce or eliminate  water  quality  Impacts and  conduct  risk management and  risk
communication programs;  continue to Implement the  nationwide 305(b) Waterbody  Sys-
tem and other water quality data management  systems  for  implementation  of Regional
and State monitoring and toxic  control  activities in surface waters; complete the
National  Bioaccumulation Study; and design the 1990 National  Fisheries  Survey  to
evaluate changes  and  trends in water quality  since the  1982  National  Fisheries
Survey.  Technical guidance and assistance  will  be provided to Regions and  States
for upgrading Section 304(1)  lists  of waters needing water quality-based controls
for toxic pollutants,  developing  the exposure  and  risk assessment  portions  of
individual  control strategies for such waters, and approving or disapproving State
submissions  under Section 304(1).   Headquarters  will  conduct workshops and seminars
for the Regions and States  on  risk  assessment and  management,  and  provide  technical
support for conducting .ambient and effluent biosurvey/bioassays  and interpreting
results to assess human health and aquatic  life  exposure  and risk.

     The Regions will  use the  additional  resources requested to work with  States on
clean water  and  toxic control  strategies, develop technical procedures  to  Identify
hazards to aquatic life from toxic pollutants, and perform additional exposure and


                                       WQ-54

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risk assessments.  These assessments will  be  the  basis for reducing risk 1n  State
Clean Water Strategies (SCWS), Individual toxic control strategies, or  other  State
remedial actions.  Regions will work with  States  to ensure full Implementation  of
the 305{b) Waterbody  System  and  data  completeness and consistency as required for
SCWS and the 1990 Section 305(b)  reporting  cycle.

     The Regions will  also work with the States to Implement the technical monitoring
procedures and methods developed In response  to the Office of Water Surface  Water
Monitoring Study.  Regions will  continue to participate in special  national  studies
on human health  risk  from  the consumption  of contaminated fish, the 1990 National
Fisheries Survey,  and the  effectiveness of  Best  Available  Technology (BAT) for
Improving water  quality.   Work  will  continue to  develop  and Improve Regional and
State surface water monitoring,  assessment, and quality assurance  procedures. The
Regions will assist States to expand  their surface water monitoring data base for
hazard Identification to Include newly-generated  data  on  human health  and  aquatic
life risks.  With this monitoring data, Regions  will work  with the  States to devel-
op exposure  and risk  assessments  on  geographic   areas  Identified as  potentially
hazardous to  human health and  aquatic  life.  Based  on  these  risk assessments,
States will develop risk management options to  reduce  risk  and produce  environmen-
tal benefits for Incorporation Into State clean  water and  toxic control  strategies.


1988 Program

     The Agency  1s allocating a total  of $10,698,500 supported by  165.5  total
workyears for this program,  of which  $7,788,600 1s from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $2,909,900  1s  from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appro-
priation.

     In 1988, Headquarters 1s continuing to provide data and  analyses to implement
water quality-based controls as  Regions .and  States  identify  more  complex  toxic
water quality problems and complete exposure and risk assessments  (TMDL/WLA) neces-
sary to develop and implement individual control  strategies.   Headquarters  is also
conducting hazard  identification activities  and special  studies  on (1)  bioaccum-
ulative pollutants 1n  fish and  shellfish,  (2)  water  quality improvements  due  to
implementation of BAT and water  quality-based controls, and (3) the effect  of dams
on water quality.

     In 1988, Regional priorities are  to assist States in surface  water monitoring
to identify hazards to aquatic life  from point and  nonpoint  pollution  sources and
complete toxic exposure and risk  assessments.  Exposure and  risk assessments (TMDL/
WLA) are being  used to help  develop individual toxic control  strategies  consistent
with SCWS.   Regions  are  responsible  for reviewing  and approving State lists  of
waters used for hazard Identification  and  State exposure/risk assessments and con-
trol strategies used  In risk  management.  In addition,  the Regions conduct workshops
and provide technical  assistance to  increase State  capabilities  in  surface  water
monitoring, exposure  assessment,  and risk  management.   The Regions are  completing
the investigation  of  sediment contamination  problems to evaluate new  pollutants
for Section 307(a){l)  listing or other  risk  management activities under Sections
303, 304, 319, and 402.  The Regions  are assisting  Headquarters to  complete  special
studies on the effects of  BAT on water quality, water quality  impacts  below  dams,
and water quality impacts from de minimis dischargers.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of $12,374,200 supported by  164.8  total
workyears for this program, of which $7,579,900 was  from  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $4,794,300 was  from  the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appro-
priation.


                                       WQ-55

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     In 1987, Headquarters provided  guidance,  data,  and analyses to help  Identify
waters and  Implement  water  quality-based  controls, particularly  for  toxics  as
required by  Section  304(1).   Headquarters  designed and  began  implementing the
waterbody system, revised  Section  305(b) guidelines that emphasize Identification
of toxics  and nonpoint  sources  and  increase  the  consistency  and  usefulness  of
State reports, conducted sampling  for the bioaccumulation study, and completed the
Surface Water Monitoring  Study.   Exposure  and  risk assessments  (TMDL/WLA)  were
used to develop control  strategies  for  Implementing risk management and risk com-
munication activities as  part  of the SCWS  to  mitigate  risk  and produce  environ-
mental benefits.

     Regions made advance preparations for  reviewing and approving  State lists of
waters used  for hazard  identification   and State  exposure/risk  assessments and
control strategies used in risk management,  as  required  by Section 304(1).  Regions
conducted workshops and provided technical  assistance  to States  in  surface water
monitoring, exposure assessments,  and risk management.
                                      WQ-56

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                                              WATER QUALITY
                                         Municipal  Source Control

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
 Salaries & Expenses           $20,153.5  $21,076.9  $20,204.8  $20,204.8  $21.459.3  $1,254.5
 Abatement Control and         $32,934.8  $18,828.4  $36,828.4  $36.678.4  $20,328.4-$16,350.0
 Compliance
                        TOTAL  $53,088.3  $39,905.3  $57,033.2  $56,883.2  $41,787.7-$15,095.5

Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
 Salaries & Expenses            $1,321.2   $1,573.4   $1,494.8   $1,494.8   $1,587.0     $92.2
                        TOTAL   $1,321.2   $1,573.4   $1,494.8   $1.494.8   $1,587.0     $92.2

TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses           $21,474.7  $22,650.3  $21,699.6  $21,699.6  $23,046.3  $1,346.7
 Abatement Control and         $32,934.8  $18,828.4  $36,828.4  $36,678.4  $20,328.4-$16,350.0
 Compliance

Municipal Source        TOTAL  $54,409.5  $41,478.7  $58,528.0  $58,378.0  $43,374.7-$15,003.3
Control


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste                    426.9      457.7      457.7      416.5      447.6      31.1
Treatment Facility
Construction

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                                             WATER QUALITY
                                        Municipal Source Control

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET      ENACTED    CURRENT     REQUEST    INCREASE  +
                                  1987      ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE  -
                                             1988                   1988               1989 VS  1988

1
VI
oo
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Municipal Waste
Treatment Facility
Construction
Waste Treatment
Operations &
Maintenance
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
27.4 31.5 31.5 30.8 31.5 .7
454.3 489.2 489.2 447.3 479.1 31.8
469.1 457.7 457.7 447.6 447.6
30.0 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5
TOTAL WORKYEARS                    499.1      489.2      489.2      479.1       479.1

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                              Municipal  Source Control
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $43/374,700 supported by 479.1 total  workyears
for 1989, a decrease  of $15,003,300 from  1988.   Of the request, $23,046,300  will
be for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and  $20,328,400 will  be for  the
Abatement, Control  and  Compliance  appropriation, an  increase  of $1,346,700 and  a
decrease of $16,350,000 respectively.

Program Description

     The Headquarters and Regional  programs under this subactivity include:

     Municipal Haste Treatment Facility Construction — This program  includes  most
of the management activities associated with the construction grants  and  new  State
Revolving Fund (SRF) programs  in  Headquarters  and the Regional  offices.  The  pro-
gram's principal  tasks are to  assure an effective transition to  State SRF programs
and local self-sufficiency, manage  grants  to protect public health priorities,  and
implement improved publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)  technologies.  Abatement,
Control and Compliance  resources  primarily  support  an interagency agreement  with
the Corps of  Engineers (COE)  to  provide  a  range of  construction management  and
training activities  to  assure  the  technical  and  fiscal  integrity  of  wastewater
treatment construction.

     Waste Treatment Operations and Maintenance  —  This program  focuses  primarily
on development of  State programs  to ensure that POTWs are  operated and  maintained
effectively to meet effluent requirements  and  protect public investments  in waste-
water treatment facilities.


MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY CONSTRUCTION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $41,787,700 supported by 447.6 total  workyears
for this program, of which $21,459,300 will be  for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $20,328,400 will  be  for  the Abatement, Control and  Compliance appro-
priation.  This represents an increase of $1,254,500 and a decrease  of $16,350,000,
respectively,  and  no  change in total  workyears.   The  increase in  Salaries  and
Expenses is due to  increased personnel  costs.   The decrease in  Abatement,  Control
and Compliance reflects the completion of projects conducted in 1988 with addition-
al funds provided for operator training grants, the  San Diego  wastewater treatment
demonstration  project,  and Boston Harbor cleanup.

     1989 will be a critical year for the program with a maximum SRF Implementation
effort and significant  continuing  responsibility for the management  and  oversight
of almost 5,000 ongoing construction grants projects.  The program's  principal  task
will be to satisfy  needs  for SRF program  development and  implementation  assistance
while assuring effective  Federal  and State  management of the  construction grants
program.

     .Since Title VI requires States to  commit  1989 funds to SRFs, essentially  all
States are expected to submit capitalization  grant applications.    Major efforts
will be required to effectively review State applications, negotiate  payment sched-
ules and award initial  grants.  With contractor  support,  Regions and States  will
receive SRF training workshops, information  and  assistance  for development, imple-
mentation and  oversight.


                                       WQ-59

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     Traditional construction grants management and State oversight responsibilities
will remain significant activities  during  1989.   The Agency will  act  primarily  as
overall program manager, while the States and COE will  perform most project manage-
ment activities.  EPA will  continue to  monitor  State delegation  status and perform
the remaining nondelegated project management responsibilities.  In addition, imple-
mentation of new construction grants provisions, including grants to Indian tribes,
will continue.  The  funds  requested for the  COE Interagency Agreement (IAG)  will
purchase 280  workyears  of  effort to provide construction  management assistance  to
EPA and the States.   The 1988 Needs  Survey will be issued, and work will be underway
on the 1990 Needs Survey.

     The program will  emphasize  a  unified  approach  to  POTW toxics management  by
improving RCRA/Superfund coordination  in treating wastes from sites addressed under
those programs.  POTW technologies  and  Operation and Maintenance  (O&M) approaches
will be  evaluated  and  information  disseminated  to  States, POTWs and architect/
engineering firms on the  effectiveness  of Innovative/alternative  (I/A) as  well  as
conventional treatment technologies.  To support local  self-sufficiency, especially
among small communities that need construction, EPA  will  widely  disseminate infor-
mation on  cost- and environmentally-effective  treatment  technologies  and  local
financial approaches.  Significant ongoing financial support (from Section 104(q))
to the  Small  Flows  Clearinghouse will  contribute   to  a  much expanded  community
outreach assistance program.

     The technical  reports  to  Congress  on sulfide  corrosion  and  rainfall-induced
infiltration of sewers will  be completed.   The Agency will  target funds  requested
for operator training to selected States that have developed comprehensive programs
and are providing the most  effective on-site compliance assistance to small communi-
ties.  Activities associated with management  of the  operator  training program are
described in the Operations and Maintenance program element.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating $56,883,200 supported  by 447.6 total  workyears
for this program, of which $20,204,800 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $36,678,400 is from the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.

     EPA is  implementing the  Title VI  requirements   for establishment  of  self-
sufficient SRF programs and other new statutory initiatives.  Guidance,  regulations,
and training are being provided  to  States and  Regions  for development, implementa-
tion and oversight  of  SRFs.  An  SRF  mission  contract 1s providing training  work-
shops, assistance in developing State  capitalization  grant agreements and  programs,
and Information on  local  financing approaches.

     As a result of the increase  of actual  1987 and  1988 construction grants appro-
priations above the requested levels, the  Agency  anticipates over 600 new  project
starts in addition to  roughly 5,500 active  projects.   This workload  continues  to
require significant  EPA  oversight  and  project management  resources.   The  Agency
is allocating $15,500,000 to the COE  for 290 workyears  of  construction management
support.  New  construction  grants    statutory  programs   are being   implemented,
including those for  Indian tribes,  accelerated disputes  resolutions, and  "turnkey"
projects.  The  Indian  Needs  Survey will  be  submitted  to  Congress, and  the  1988
Needs Surveys  is  being  completed.   Headquarters and  three  Regions  will  review
proposed Advanced Treatment  (AT) projects  with  incremental  costs  over $3,000,000;
three additional Regions will begin  trial  delegation  of  these AT  reviews.

     Technologies evaluations and information  transfer for both I/A and convention-
al designs are continuing as  POTWs become an increasingly important means for toxics
control.  Results of  the I/A technology programs, including successful technologies,
field tests  of innovative  designs, and failed technologies  for modification and
replacement grants,  are being disseminated.   The Agency  is promoting State programs


                                       WQ-60

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of financial and technological Information and assistance to  small  communities and
expanding the Small Flows Clearinghouse.

     Required technical reports  to  Congress  are  underway.   Reports scheduled  for
completion in 1988 Include the municipal lagoon  study  and effectiveness  of the I/A
program.  The Agency 1s targeting the funds allocated  for operator  training  grants
to States to continue providing  on-site compliance assistance to  small  communities
and developing integrated compliance programs.   Activities to begin  the Boston Har-
bor cleanup and conduct a wastewater treatment demonstration project in San Diego
are being initiated as directed by Congress.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $53,088,300 supported by 469.1 total
workyears for this program,  of which $20,153,500 was from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $32,934,800 was from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appro-
priation.

     EPA provided SRF program development Information and implementation assistance
to States.  The SRF mission  contract provided for State/Regional  training workshops
and program development.  Guidance  on  outreach to small communities was developed
and information on cost- and  environmentally-effective  technologies was  dissemi-
nated.

     The Agency continued to monitor State program management and  to  perform non-
delegated program management activities.   The 1986  Needs Survey  was transmitted to
Congress, and work  was initiated on the  Indian  and 1988 Needs  Surveys.   Proposed
guidance was issued to implement new CWA  requirements, and  a  streamlined disputes/
deviations process  was developed.   The  $16,759,300 obligated  for the  Corps  of
Engineers IAG purchased 298  workyears  of  support  to EPA and the States to  ensure
technical and  fiscal  integrity  of  construction  projects.   Regions IV,  V  and  VI
continued to perform delegated AT reviews  of projects with incremental  costs over
$3,000,000.  Pilot delegation was proposed for Regions I, II and  III.

     An integrated approach  to  POTW management  through coordination  with  RCRA/
Superfund was initiated.  As  part of  the technologies evaluation role, EPA conducted
field tests of  innovative  designs.   Revised  secondary treatment regulations  were
proposed, and work was initiated on required technical  reports  to  Congress.   Work
continued to develop improved sludge management programs.  The Agency targeted funds
allocated for operator training to States for programs providing  on-site compliance
assistance to small communities and developing integrated State compliance programs.


WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total of $1,587,000  supported by  31.5  total workyears
for this program,  all  of which will  be  for the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase  of $92,200  in the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and no change in total  workyears.  The  increase reflects  increased personnel  costs.

     Stable staffing,  together with the resources  requested  to  continue  operator
training grants under  the Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities Construction  program,
reflect the Agency's commitment to the development of effective State operations and
maintenance (O&M)   and  operator  training  programs,  and  support  to  improved  minor
municipal facilities compliance.

     State and EPA Regional staff will continue to provide on-site compliance assist-
ance and operator  training  at  minor POTWs.  Operator training grants will  be pro-
vided to States which  have  developed comprehensive municipal compliance programs.


                                       WQ-61

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EPA will promote  Improved  local  user  charge and  financial  management  systems,
Identification of O&M  compliance  problems through effective diagnostic  evaluation
and laboratory quality assurance and quality control  (QA/QC)  programs,  Improved O&M
assistance practices, and achievement of post-1988 municipal  compliance priorities.
In addition, the program will  provide guidance,  Information  and oversight to  assist
the States and  communities  to strengthen local  O&M  programs for Improved sludge,
toxics, and Innovative/Alternative and conventional technologies management.

     EPA will continue to recognize superior facilities through enhancements  to its
national and Regional Operation and  Maintenance  Excellence Awards programs.   Staff
will review  project performance  certifications  submitted  by   new  facilities  and
monitor needs and corrective  actions.   Coordination  of national water quality and
RCRA training programs will  be maintained.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $1,494,800 supported by  31.5
total workyears for  this  program,  all  of which  Is from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     Information and  guidance are  being issued to  encourage State  on-site  O&M
assistance programs  and other State O&M assistance and  operator training  activities
funded under §§104(g),  106  and 205(g).   States  and  EPA Regions expect  to provide
on-site O&M  assistance  to 565 small communities.  EPA 1s conducting a  program to
train on-site inspectors  to diagnose and assist resolution  of small  communities'
financial and user charge system problems where  these  contribute to  O&M and  permit
compliance problems.  EPA  is  also studying  factors  limiting plant performance  in
small communities and will report its findings to State and  local officials and the
architect and engineering community.   EPA plans  to update  information  on the  status
of State O&M assistance and training programs,  especially legislation and funding
for development and implementation of expanded State  programs.

     EPA is  expanding  the  O&M  Excellence Awards program to recognize model  non-
discharging facilities.  EPA  plans  to  make 80 Regional  awards and eight  national
awards.  The Agency  will produce a video  on  O&M management  factors contributing to
outstanding plant performance and  issue  a brochure  of success  stories  emphasizing
innovative approaches to problem  solving for State  and local   officials  and plant
operators.  Staff are  reviewing project  performance  certifications,  implementing
minor POTW QA/QC  programs and assisting  the development and  implementation  of  a
national RCRA program training initiative.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  $1,321,200   supported by 30.0  total  workyears
for this program, all  of which was  from the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.

     EPA and the States provided on-site  compliance assistance  to 662  small  commu-
nities and 531  returned to compliance.   Over 2,600 plants  have  been assisted  to
date, with over 1,500 having returned to compliance and most of the others operating
with improved  performance.    Implementing its   successful  O&M  Excellence  Awards
program, the Agency  made 54 Regional  and 6 national awards   recognizing outstanding
facilities.  EPA distributed  the results  of two  studies concerning cost-effective
O&M practices and use of contractors  for O&M management.
                                      WQ-62

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                1989 Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents
WATER QUALITY
    ENFORCEMENT
          Water Quality Enforcement	 WO-64
          Water Quality Permit Issuance	 WQ-69
                                        WQ-63

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                                                    WATER QUALITY
                                              Wa.ter Quality Enforcement

                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                        1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                   1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

      PROGRAM
      Water Quality
      Enforcement
       Salaries 4 Expenses            $16,562.6  $18,273.8  $17,742.7  $17,742.7  $18,835.8  $1,093.1
       Abatement Control and          $5,731.7   $1,607.0   $1,607.0   $1,657.0   $1,607.0    -$50.0
       Compliance
                              TOTAL   $22,294.3  $19,880.8  $19,349.7  $19,399.7  $20,442.8  $1,043.1

      TOTAL:
       Salaries & Expenses            $16,562.6  $18,273,8  $17,742.7  $17,742.7  $18,835.8  $1,093.1
K     Abatement Control and          $5,731.7   $1,607.0   $1,607.0   $1,657.0   $1,607.0    -$50.0
"*?     Compliance
2    Water Quality           TOTAL   $22,294.3  $19,880.8  $19,349.7  $19,399.7  $20,442.8  $1,043.1
      Enforcement


      PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       Water Quality                       374.0       399.8       418.2       385.2       408.3       23.1
       Enforcement

       TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS          374.0       399.8       418.2       385.2       408.3       23.1


       TOTAL WORKYEARS
       Water Quality                      403.2      399.8       418.2       408.3      408.3
       Enforcement

       TOTAL WORKYEARS                    403.2      399.8       418.2       408.3      408.3

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Enforcement

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                             Water Quality Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $20,442,800 supported  by 408.3 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,043,100 from 1988.  Of the request, $18.835,800 will  be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $1,607,000 will be for  the Abatement,
Control and Compliance  appropriation,  an increase  of $1,093,100 for  Salaries and
Expenses and a decrease of $50,000 for  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance.

Program Description

     Water Quality Enforcement —  The  Headquarters  and  Regional  staffs  of the
NationalPollutantDischarge  Elimination   System  (NPDES)  enforcement  program
(including pretreatment) assure  the compliance  of municipal  and industrial  per-
mittees with NPDES  requirements through a program  of monitoring and  inspections,
administrative enforcement, and technical support of  judicial  enforcement actions.
Major activities  include  the  1)  inspection  of  permittees,  including  industrial
users of publicly-owned treatment  works, 2)  review  of permittee monitoring  data,
3) maintenance  of a  national  data  system,  4) identification  and  evaluation for
appropriate follow-up of permittees in  noncompllance,  and  5) initiation of informal
and formal  enforcement actions  to  ensure compliance.  Where informal  negotiations
and administrative  enforcement actions  do  not  result in  compliance,  cases are
referred for  judicial  action  and  appropriate  technical  support  is  provided.

     In addition  to  the NPDES  portion  of the water  quality  enforcement  program,
administrative and technical  support is provided for the  issuance of  administrative
enforcement actions for violations  of  Spill  Prevention Control  and  Countermeasure
Plan requirements.  Referrals  are  made to the U.S.  Coast Guard for civil  penalty
assessment for oil and hazardous substance spill  violations (Section 311(b)(6)(A))
in waters where EPA has jurisdiction.


WATER QUALITY ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $20,442,800 supported  by 408.3 total -workyears
for this program,  of which  $18,835,800 will  be for  the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,607,000  will  be  for the Abatement, Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This  represents an  increase   of  $1,093,100  for the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation,  a  decrease  of  $50,000  for  the  Abatement,  Control and
Compliance appropriation,  and  no  change  in  total   workyears.   The  increase  in
Salaries and Expenses is due  to increased personnel  costs.

     EPA will  give priority to the control  of  toxic  discharges  through  final imple-
mentation of  the National  Municipal  Policy   (NMP),  enforcement  of  pretreatment
requirements — primarily  against  publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs),  but also
against some industrial users — and compliance assessment and enforcement  of Best
Available Technology  (BAT) and water quality-based permits.

 i    By 1989,  approximately 85 percent  of the  1,500 major  NMP facilities will  be  in
compliance or will be on  schedules set through judicial action  which extend beyond
July 1988.   The remaining  task  in 1989 will be  to establish judicially set schedules
for facilities which  failed to comply  with  schedules  and  thus  missed the  statutory
deadline.  Many of  these  actions will  be taken  by  approved States;    however, EPA
expects to take action  against approximately  100 major facilities.   EPA  will  also
complete setting  schedules for  minor permittees  with significant impacts  on  water


                                      WQ-65

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quality which  need construction to  meet the  statutory deadline.   Administrative
penalties and  judicial   referrals  will  be  used where  these  permittees  fall  to
comply with  schedules.   For  those  POTWs which  have completed construction,  EPA
will monitor compliance with  permit  limits  and use either administrative or  judi-
cial enforcement to address noncompllance.

     For pretreatment, the enforcement program will  continue  to emphasize: 1)  over-
sight of delegated State programs; 2) assuring that local control authorities comply
with the provisions of  their  approved  programs;  and 3) assuring the compliance of
Industrial users, especially where there Is  no local control  authority  or approved
State.  EPA assesses compliance of local  control  authorities  through  the conduct of
pretreatment Inspections and the review of annual  reports submitted by these authori-
ties.  Pretreatment inspections will be conducted and annual reports will  be reviewed
in all of the approved programs 1n nondelegated States.   EPA  will  apply  established
criteria to Identify POTWs who fall to Implement their approved pretreatment programs
and will  give  priority to  taking enforcement  action,  Including  frequent  use  of
administrative penalties, against this universe.   Enforcement action may be  taken
directly against industrial  users (IDs) where the POTW has tried and failed to secure
the compliance of  the IU,  but 1s otherwise  adequately  implementing Its program.

     Where there is no local control authority or approved State, EPA is  responsible
for assuring that lUs  comply with pretreatment standards.  The water quality enforce-
ment program will  continue  to Identify these industrial users, monitor compliance
through review of  semi-annual  reports, and  conduct  Inspections  where environmental
harm 1s suspected.  Direct  enforcement action will  be taken  in  serious cases  of
noncompllance.

     In 1989, the Improved Permit Compliance System  (PCS) will be used for automated
review of Discharge Monitoring Reports and the production of Quarterly NoncompHance
Reports.  Full  implementation  of this capability will result  1n compliance  assess-
ment being done  on a uniform  basis  throughout the  nation.   EPA  will develop  a
graphics component and  other  information management techniques to  facilitate  the
integration and exchange of data with other  automated systems.

     Regions will maintain effective inspection programs by  conducting 1,900  inspec-
tions of municipal and industrial  permittees, giving emphasis to evaluating  compli-
ance with toxics controls.  Regions will also  emphasize a  "timely  and appropriate"
enforcement response In all  cases of significant noncompllance.  Continued technical
support will  be provided for approximately 100 cases initiated in previous years but
not yet settled, many of which  will  be NMP  cases.   New enforcement efforts  against
industrial sources will  focus on those  industries  with toxics controls in  their
permits.  Other non-NPDES administrative enforcement activities will include  support
for oil and  hazardous  materials  spill  penalty  assessment,   and  Spill   Prevention
Control and Countermeasure (SPCC)  inspections and enforcement.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is allocating a total  of  $19,399,700 supported by  408.3
total workyears  for this  program, of  which $17,742,700 1s  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $1,657,000 is  from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The enforcement program is continuing to emphasize maintenance of high levels of
compliance by all  permittees,  with  special   attention  to  municipal permittees;  an
effective  compliance monitoring and inspection program  to verify levels  of  compli-
ance; Initiation  and   maintenance  of  a  pretreatment  compliance monitoring  and
enforcement program; and the maintenance of PCS  to provide for report  preparation
and tracking.


                                       WQ-66

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     Implementation of the NMP remains  the highest  priority.  This policy  requires
that all municipalities  that  are In noncompl1ance  because  of needed  construction
be put on enforceable schedules that will  assure compliance  by the July 1988 statu-
tory deadline.   In 1988,  the Agency Is  acting primarily  1n nondelegated  States
to enforce  schedules  through  the  Issuance of an administrative  penalty order  or
the Initiation of a referral  for civil  judicial  action.  Schedules are  being estab-
lished for  most  of the  minor permittees  with  water  quality Impacts.  All major
municipal permittees In nondelegated States that need  corrective  action  because  of
operation and maintenance problems are also being addressed.  In  those cases where
NPDES States  do  not  establish enforceable  schedules  for  municipalities  needing
them, EPA Is Initiating action to establish or enforce  these schedules.

     The major direction  of  the  pretreatment  program Is to  assure compliance  at
the 1,500 POTWs  with approved pretreatment programs  by taking  enforcement  action
where appropriate.  The Agency takes judicial  action against noncomplylng POTWS and
also Initiates judicial actions against a number of  Industries which  have failed  to
Install necessary treatment to meet  categorical standards.   The  pretreatment  com-
pliance monitoring program Includes  the  Inspection  of all POTWs  and a  significant
number of IUs, 1n addition to the review of all  POTW annual  reports.

     In conjunction with Headquarters,  the Regions have Improved and  expanded their
compliance enforcement data  management  capabilities  through  the use  of the  PCS.
In 1988 all EPA Regions are beginning to produce Quarterly Noncompllance  Reports  on
an automated  basis  and will   begin entry  of  data to the Pretreatment Permits and
Enforcement Tracking System.   EPA 1s also testing  the  feasibility  of  data  entry
through use of an optical character reader.

     Regions emphasize using  the  new administrative penalty authority  in appropriate
cases.  This authority is  being  used in all categories .of  noncomplying  permittees
and in conjunction with orders requiring corrective  action.   Regions  are  continuing
to respond to all cases of significant noncompllance with enforcement action, where
necessary, and are addressing  nearly  all cases of industrial  noncompliance.   Inspec-
tions are being  used  to verify the  compliance  status of municipal  and  industrial
permittees, with all majors Inspected annually.  Non-NPDES  administrative enforce-
ment activities include  Section  404  Inspections and support  for  oil and hazardous
materials spill penalty assessment and SPCC inspections and  enforcement.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency  obligated a  total  of $22,294,300 supported  by  408.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $16,562,600 was from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $5,731,700  was  from the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appro-
priation.

     During 1987, implementation  of  the National Municipal  Policy was the  highest
priority.  All but  23 of  the  major  municipalities  needing  construction to  comply
with the Clean Water Act were placed on enforceable construction schedules.  Enforce-
able construction schedules have also been established for approximately  80 percent
of the minor municipal facilities needing schedules.  Judicial action was initiated
against 26  POTWs  as a  means  of  establishing  these schedules.    Approximately 100
major NMP facilities came  into compliance  in  1987,  and about one-third  of  the NMP
universe is now in full compliance.

     Pretreatment activity focused on monitoring the compliance of  approved programs
and bringing enforcement actions  against noncomplying POTWs  and  lUs.  EPA conducted
a total  of  598 pretreatment  inspections  and  referred  16  judicial  actions  to the
Department of  Justice.   Additionally,  EPA  issued 126  administrative orders and  2
administrative penalty orders  for violation of pretreatment  requirements.  A  pre-
treatment data tracking system was developed as a component  of PCS.


                                        WQ-67

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     Contract resources were  used  to support  and maintain the  PCS national  data
system which tracks the performance  of  all  major permittees, and to  provide tech-
nical support for judicial  enforcement actions  and conduct Inspections of municipal
and industrial permittees.   In addition, contract funds were used to train  Regional
and State  personnel  in  monitoring  and Inspection  techniques,  train  POTWs  with
pretreatment programs to enforce pretreatment requirements,  and develop  software
to assist POTWs in assessing III performance.

     In 1987,  16  percent  of  major  municipal  permittees  on final effluent  limits
were in significant  noncompl1ance  and 9 percent  of non-municipal permittees  were
in significant noncompllance.  These levels  were   very close to the  levels  of  sig-
nificant noncompllance in  the preceding  year.

     The Regions  conducted  approximately 2,577  compliance inspections and  Issued
1,002 administrative orders.   EPA also  Issued 20  administrative penalty orders,
although the new authority  was not Implemented  until  late in the  year.   EPA Regions
also reviewed  self-monitoring reports  for  all  major  dischargers  from non-NPDES
States.  Regional   support  was provided  for  the  development  of  92  civil  judicial
actions which were referred to Headquarters  for review.

     Enforcement of  Section 311  oil and  hazardous  substance  spill   requirements
Included 81 referrals to the U.S Coast Guard for assessment of civil  penalties and
50 administrative actions  for violations of  SPCC  plan requirements.  Enforcement of
Section 404 provisions focused on Identifying Illegal  discharges  of  dredge  and  fill
material and  administrative actions  were  taken  for  22  Section 404  violations.
                                       WQ-68

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                                              WATER QUALITY
                                      Water Quality Permit Issuance
                                 ACTUAL
                                  1987
                    BUDGET
                   ESTIMATE
                     1988
         ENACTED
           1988
         CURRENT
        ESTIMATE
          1988
         REQUEST   INCREASE +
          1989     DECREASE -
                 1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Permit Issuance
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $10,987.6  $13,285.4  $13,163.3  $13,163.3  $13,976.4    $813.1
        $4,358.7   $3,228.7   $4,828.7   $5,328.7   $8,028.7  $2,700.0

TOTAL  $15,346.3  $16,514.1  $17,992.0  $18,492.0  $22,005.1  $3,513.1
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $10,987.6  $13,285.4  $13,163.3  $13,163.3  $13,976.4    $813.1
        $4,358.7   $3,228.7   $4,828.7   $5,328.7   $8,028.7  $2,700.0
Water Quality Permit    TOTAL  $15,346.3  $16,514.1  $17,992.0  $18,492.0  $22,005.1  $3,513.1
Issuance
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
           256.5

           256.5
295.7

295.7
349.6

349.6
326.8

326.8
343.2

343.2
16.4

16.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Permit Issuance

TOTAL WORKYEARS
           273.8

           273.8
295.7

295.7
349.6

349.6
343.2

343.2
343.2

343.2

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                                   WATER QUALITY


                           Water Quality Permit Issuance
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $22,005,100 supported by  343.2  total  workyears
for 1989, an Increase of $3,513,100 from 1988.  Of the request, $13,976,400 will  be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $8,028,700 will be for the Abatement,
Control and  Compliance  appropriation,  an  Increase  of $813,100  and  $2,700,000,
respectively.

Program Description

     Permit Issuance — The Clean  Water Act  authorizes  a National Pollutant  DIs-
charge Elimination System '(NPDES) permit program to reduce or eliminate point source
pollution.  The discharge of pollutants  Into  waters  of the United  States by point
sources 1s prohibited  unless in  compliance with  an  NPDES permit.   At present,  38
States and one Territory have  approved NPDES programs.  EPA  Issues NPDES permits  in
the remaining jurisdictions.

     The NPDES program  1s currently  focused on the control  of  discharges of toxic
pollutants and hazardous  wastes through  water quality-based and technology-based
limits in NPDES  permits,  implementation  of the pretreatment program  for indirect
discharges to publicly  owned treatment works  (POTWs),  and  approval and  oversight
of local  and  State pretreatment programs.  A  total  of 25  States  are approved  to
implement pretreatment programs.

     The NPDES program  also allows  permittees and Interested  parties  to  request
evidentiary hearings on  permits  and  variances from  certain  effluent  limitations.


PERMIT ISSUANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $22,005,100 supported by  343.2  total  workyears
for this  program,   of  which $13,976,400 will  be for  the   Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $8,028,700 will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  Increases of $813,100 in  Salaries and  Expenses and
$2,700,000 in Abatement, Control  and Compliance, and no change  in total  workyears.
The Increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects full  year funding of the  workyears
provided 1n 1988  for Implementation  of the  Water Quality  Act.  The  Increase  in
Abatement, Control   and Compliance will  be  used   to  revise  NPDES  and  stormwater
regulations, complete stormwater studies mandated by  Congress, review State  sludge
programs, develop toxicity limits and individual  control strategies, and implement
pretreatment controls.

     During 1989,  emphasis  will  be placed on Issuing or  modifying permits  to  facil-
ities where surface water toxic  assessments have  been  completed and toxic/toxicity
controls determined; issuing permits  incorporating toxic/toxicity limits  or  biomo-
nitoring where surface  water  toxic assessments have  not  been completed  but where
toxics problems have been identified;  and issuing Best Available Technology (BAT)
permits to  organic chemical facilities.   During   1989,  EPA will issue   235 major
Industrial permits and  175 major  municipal permits.  EPA will begin reviewing storm-
water applications from industries and large cities.

     EPA will   continue to  review variance  requests  for  fundamentally  different
factors (PDF)   from  organic chemical  and  pesticide  plants  for   direct/Indirect
                                        WQ-70

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dischargers.  EPA  will  collect  and  process  fees  for  variance  applications  and
continue to  resolve  evidentiary  hearing requests  for more complex  toxlc/toxlclty
pollutant limitations.

     EPA will continue to  review  full  and partial NPDES programs  (Including  those
of Indian tribes)  and modifications  to NPDES programs.   In  addition, the Agency
will assist In development of requests for sludge programs and review sludge program
requests.  EPA will  assist the NPDES States  In  Issuing and modifying permits  to
Include toxlc/toxlclty  controls   and  to  Impose  blomonltorlng  requirements.    EPA
will Issue NPDES permits which are  required to fulfill individual  control  strategy
requirements under §304(1)  where  EPA  has  disapproved  a  NPDES  State Individual
control strategy  or  where  a NPDES  State falls  to  submit  an  Individual  control
strategy.

     In 1989, EPA will modify local  POTU pretreatment programs to Incorporate  new
reporting requirements  for hazardous waste  dischargers  and  spill prevention  and
other measures required 1n  response  to  the Domestic Sewage Study  (DSS).   EPA will
assist POTWs to  develop/modify  categorical standards  and  local  limits to  control
toxics and hazardous pollutants 1n accordance  with revised  pretreatment regulations
and as required  by Individual control  strategies and changes  in sludge  disposal
standards.  EPA  will  continue to conduct audits  to  determine  If POTWs  properly
evaluate and apply categorical standards, local  limits and  Issue  control mechanisms
and followup as  necessary.   Guidance and contract  assistance  will be provided  to
POTWs to  Implement  DSS  regulations;  revise/develop  local  limits  to Include  addi-
tional restrictive toxic  pollutant  limits,  Including organlcs;  conduct  toxldty
reduction evaluations and  assess  toxldty related  spills;  apply organic  chemical
categorical  pretreatment standards; and conduct audits of approved POTW  pretreat-
ment programs.   Workshops and seminars  will be  provided  on toxicity testing, bio-
monitoring and State/POTW pretreatment implementation.

     The Agency will  promulgate revisions to  the NPDES regulation  to  reflect statu-
tory changes contained in the Water Quality Act of 1987 and Headquarters  will  promul-
gate changes to NPDES and General  Pretreatment Regulations  based  on recommendations
of the DSS.   State program  and  permitting regulations  for  sludge  will  also  be
promulgated, and  EPA  will  complete a Congresslonally required study  to  establish
procedures and methods to  control  stormwater  discharges  to mitigate their  impacts
on water quality.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $18,492,000  supported  by  343.2
total workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $13,163,300 is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $5,328,700 is from  the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     During 1988, the Agency's focus is  on establishing  individual control  strate-
gies where necessary  for  priority pollutants and  whole  effluent toxicity, in  the
form of "third round" NPDES permits based on water  quality  standards.   Permits  are
being modified to incorporate BAT  guidelines,  Best  Management  Practices (BMP),
conditions based on  biomonitoring  and water  quality studies, new  technology-based
requirements and pretreatment implementation requirements.  During 1988, EPA expects
to issue 329 major industrial  and municipal permits.   EPA is  continuing to address
evidentiary hearing and  variance  requests.

     During 1988,  five  States are  expected  to receive  approval  for  pretreatment
authority, one State  is expected to receive federal  facility  permitting authority,
and four  States  are  expected to  receive  general  permitting authority.  This will
bring the totals  to  30  pretreatment programs, 31 federal facility permitting pro-
grams, and 16 general  permitting programs.  EPA is reviewing existing  sludge manage-
ment programs in  the States and assisting the  States to develop/modify  their sludge
programs.  EPA  is conducting comprehensive  assessments of  State  toxic  control


                                         WQ-71

-------
programs and working with NPDES States to develop detailed action plans to strengthen
their toxic control programs.   EPA continues to assist NPDES  States  to Issue/modify
permits to Include  new  limitations  for  toxic pollutants and to develop  Individual
control strategies.  EPA 1s providing guidance and contract  assistance  on  develop-
ment of Individual  control strategies  and evaluating  State toxic  control  plans.

     EPA 1s  continuing  to modify  POTYf  local  pretreatment programs  to  address
additional toxic  and  hazardous  pollutants and  any  episodes  of  pass  through or
Interference.  Guidance,  contract  assistance  and  workshops/seminars   are  being
provided for pretreatment Implementation, and EPA continues to  audit POTW pretreat-
ment Implementation.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  $15,346,300 supported by  273.8  total workyears
for this program,  of  which $10,987,600  was  from  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation and $4,358,700 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropria-
tion.

     In 1987, contract resources were used to develop Individual control  strategies,
evaluate State toxic  control  assessments,  develop local limits and water  quality-
based limits 1n POTW permits,  conduct audits of approved local  and NPDES State  pre-
treatment programs, and  develop NPDES programs and program modifications, especially
sludge programs.  Workshops and seminars were  held on  pretreatment  Implementation.

     EPA Issued a total  of 434 major permits, of which  276 were industrial and 158
were municipal.   Additionally,  a total  of  1,612 permits were issued  for  minor
facilities.

     In 1987 Utah received NPDES  program approval,  increasing  the total number of
NPDES States to 39.                 _                                     .

     During 1987, EPA performed  206 local  pretreatment program audits  and another
167 were performed by Pretreatment States.
                                         WQ-72

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DRINKING WATER

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER                                                              DW-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Drinking Water Research	  DW-9
          Scientific Assessment	  DW-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	DW-15
          Health Effects	  DW-16
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	DW-17
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  DW-18
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines	  DW-20
          Criteria, Standards & Guidelines	  DW-21
       Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance	  DW-24
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	  DW-25
          Underground Injection Control Program Grants	  DW-27
          Special Studies & Demonstrations	DW-28
       Drinking Water Management	  DW-30
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	  DW-32
          Underground Injection Control Program	  DW-34
       Ground-Water Protection	  DW-37
    ENFORCEMENT
       Drinking Water Enforcement	DW-42
                                        DW-1

-------
                                                              DRINKING WATER

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

                APPROPRIATION
                 Salaries ft Expenses           $32,052.2  $38,220.9  $35,295.1   $35,295.1   $37,084.5  $1,789.4
                 Abatement Control and         $57,601.7  $62,863.0  $60,213.0  $60,063.0   $54,863.0 -$5,200.0
                 Compliance
                 Research X Development        $12,877.6  $13,766.2  $12,595.2   $12,225.2   $11.533.0   -$692.2

                TOTAL, Drinking Water         $102,531.5 $114,850.1 $108,103.3 $107,583.3  $103,480.5 -$4,102.8


0               PERMANENT WORKYEARS                679.2      696.6      699.7       695.3       700.9       5.6
f               TOTAL WORKYEARS                    691.6      752.7      746.1      746.1       746.1
•>»               OUTLAYS                        $97,284.1 $114,490.2  $95,690.0  $95,229.7   $98,666.4  $3,436.7
                AUTHORIZATION LEVELS          The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986 reauthorized this program at
                                              a level of $92,500.000 for 1988 and $99,020,000 for 1989.

-------
                                   DRINKING WATER


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The Safe Drinking  Water Act (SDWA) Amendments  of  1986 reaffirm the  national
goal to assure  that  public water supplies are free  of  contamination  that  may pose
a human health  risk and  to protect and prevent  the endangerment of  ground-water
resources which serve as  drinking water supplies.  EPA's objectives are to  reduce
human health risk  by setting  and implementing drinking water  standards;  build  a
stronger State/public water system capacity to Implement and comply with regulatory
requirements; and prevent  contamination of particularly  valuable/vulnerable  ground
water through wellhead  protection activities, a classification system, and  a com-
prehensive ground-water protection strategy.

     The Amendments mandate revisions of existing contaminant  standards, new stan-
dards for a  host of chemical contaminants, and new  regulatory provisions, such  as
the ban  on  lead-content  plumbing  materials.  This  mandate requires  substantial
further development  of  the  Public  Water  Systems (PWS) regulatory  framework  and
reemphaslzes EPA's  responsibility for  setting drinking  water contaminant  levels
and ensuring enforcement.   The Amendments also  establish  a  new  Initiative  which
focuses specifically on ground-water resources.   EPA's  principal  role  in the Well-
head Protection  (WHP)  program  is to  provide technical  assistance  to States  in
their activities to  protect wells  and the  surrounding wellhead areas of  public
water supply wells  from   anthropogenic  contaminants which may  have  an  adverse
effect on  public  health.   In addition,  the  Underground  Injection  Control  (UIC)
program.protects underground drinking  water  sources from  contamination through
EPA/State regulation of underground injection practices.

     The 1989 request  focuses on obtaining  the maximum health  risk reduction  of
drinking water/ground-water  resources   by  1)  continuing   to  set  standards  for
drinking water contaminants, to establish  a comprehensive risk reduction framework;
2) building State/PWS capacity to implement and comply with  new regulatory  require-
ments; 3)  improving  compliance  in  both  the PWS and UIC  programs  with  existing
requirements; 4) enhancing States'  capabilities  both  to  respond to  and prevent
ground-water contamination  through  wellhead  protection  activities and support  of
State ground-water protection  strategies;  and 5)  continuing research and  develop-
ment in support of establishing drinking water standards.

Drinking Water Standard-Setting

    EPA's responsibility under the  SDWA is to erect  a  comprehensive framework  of
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs)  by  regulating all  contaminants
"known or anticipated to occur"  in public  water  supplies that may have  any adverse
human health effects.  The  ensuing  implementation of primary standards provides  a
reasonable certainty that water delivered  to the public  is free of contaminants  at
levels that may harm people's health.

     The SDWA Amendments  set  a  1989  deadline  for  establishing  standards   for  at
least 83 specific  contaminants,  as  well as  mandates for specific treatment tech-
nology requirements (surface-water filtration).  The  development of NPDWRs  involves
two distinct yet simultaneous  steps:   (1)  for each contaminant determine a Maximum
Contaminant Level Goal  (MCLG),  which represents a  "level  at  which  no  known  or anti-
cipated adverse effects on the health  of persons occur and which allows  an  adequate
margin of safety"  (the  latter  to account  for uncertainties in making  this  deter-
mination)  and  (2)  for  those  contaminants measurable  by   analytic  practical and
affordable methods  available to  systems, an' enforceable MCL is set as close  to the
MCLG as is feasible, taking into account  the performance and cost of "best  avail-
able" treatment/control  technology.   Otherwise,   a  treatment technology  NPDWR  is
prescribed, specifying treatment  requirements for systems  to  prevent the  risk  to
health to the extent feasible.


                                           DW-3

-------
     In 1989  this  program will  promulgate standards  for  34  toxic chemicals  and
radionuclldes, the last  of  the 83 specified.  Prominent among these will  be  a  new
standard for  radon, judged  to be a particularly high-risk  waterborne  contaminant.
The next focus will  be those contaminants listed as regulatory candidates in 1988,
for which at  least 25 new standards are required by January 1991  by the SDWA Amend-
ments.  Among these are  disinfectants and their  reaction  by-products,  widely  found
among systems.

    These standards, along   with unenforceable  "health "advisories11 (summaries  of
toxocological data that convey the levels of significant health risk),  have a func-
tion beyond the regulation of PWSs; they also serve as the authoritative benchmarks
for the protection of human health from pollution of drinking water sources, partic-
ularly ground water.   Programs  dedicated  to the  protection  of  human health and the
environment (especially hazardous waste management and Superfund remedial programs)
rely on drinking water standards  to direct their abatement  and control activities.

PWS Program Implementation

     By 1989, NPDWRs  will be  final  for 83 chemical,  radlonuclide  and microbiolo-
gical contaminants and for  surface-source treatment;  also  in  place will  be  moni-
toring requirements for  a host  of additional unregulated  chemicals. By 1989 large
and very large  systems  will  be monitoring for  the majority  of them.   Among  the
contaminants being addressed are  a  subset that pose widespread  risks  to  public
health by reason of  their potency and their potential  occurrence  throughout  water
supplies.  These  are  pathogenic  microorganisms,   lead,   radon  and  disinfectant
chemicals and their  reaction by-products, representing the highest national  risk-
reduction priorities.   These  are nationally  important  not   only   for  the  risks
they presently pose  to  consumers,  but also  because  these are  the problems  most
systems will face in the foreseeable future.   In  addition, the  first new MCLs  for 8
volatile organic chemicals  and revised public notice  requirements  for PWSs  become
effective in 1989,  the first of a succession  of new rules.

    EPA and the  States must adopt the  necessary changes and additions  to regula-
tory authorities to ensure  that State programs are compatible with the  new  "pri-
macy" responsibilities mandated by the SDWA Amendments.  In particular, States with
primary enforcement  responsibility  (primacy)  must make  provision  to  Implement
treatment requirements to some 11,000 systems using surface water  sources pursuant
to the surface water treatment  NPDWR.  Another sweeping change involves the  labor-
atory certification  program,  the principal   quality  control  for  drinking  water
compliance measurements,  where  systems'  monitoring requirements mushroom  with  the
fourfold increase in contaminant standards.

     EPA's aim is to Implement the revisions of  regulatory  requirements minimizing
increased system non-compliance  caused  by  additional  standards.   Our  strategy
Involves enlisting the help  of agencies  and  constituencies beyond  the  "regulated
community" (I.e., EPA, States  and the systems) in mobilizing  understanding of  and
the need  for  enhanced protection  of drinking water.   To  reduce  the  need  for  a
massive Federal/State enforcement  presence,  this  strategy  aims  to  "leverage"  the
general willingness and  capabilities  of  the  systems  to do what  is  necessary  to
provide dependably  safe water supplies.   Widening the  involvement of outside  groups
will  enhance  the flow  of information,  increasing the  awareness  of  the  systems
about the new responsibilities  and of  consumers about health  risks and  the  need
to invest more to protect their drinking water.

     Another new feature  is  the eligibility of  Indian  tribal authorities to assume
responsibility for PWS supervision,  similar  to States.   Regulations recently pro-
mulgated define the responsibilities for implementation and  enforcement that  Indian
tribes may assume,  along with legal  and programmatic prerequisites  EPA  will require
in order to delegate these  responsibilities.   In 1989, EPA will  be Involved in  a
detailed examination of  the  programmatic  capabilities of  Indian  tribes   and  In
helping tribes to develop primacy programs.

                                           DW-4

-------
Underground Injection Control

     EPA and 41 State primacy programs will continue to maintain regulatory coverage
of 280,000 Injection wells.   Both permitting and  compliance  with permit and  statu-
tory requirements  will  continue  to be  a high  program  priority.   The  State/EPA
permitting effort  will  provide  little payoff If  the  regulators  cannot demonstrate
the ability to enforce permit  requirements.   Where  a  State  does  not or  cannot
respond to violations In a timely and appropriate manner, EPA will take enforcement
action.  Failure to: 1) apply for a permit, 2) test for  well mechanical Integrity,
3) comply with operation  and construction  requirements, or 4)  provide monitoring
reports will require State or EPA action to obtain compliance.   A credible compli-
ance/enforcement presence by  both primacy States and EPA is  necessary to  ensure
that the owners/operators of  injection wells adhere to the UIC regulatory  require-
ments.

     EPA and the States will  implement the required new monitoring requirements for
waste disposal (Class I) Injection wells and provide technical  assistance and guid-
ance for the primacy States.  The new monitoring  requirements  will  help ensure the
earliest possible detection of  fluid  migration from the  injection zone that  may be
harmful to health  and the environment.  A key objective  in 1989  will  be to address
"high risk" practices  within the  category of  "miscellaneous"  Class  V  injection
wells.  Although they are not specifically regulated now, EPA wl-11 encourage  States
to use existing  permit, closure and  enforcement authorities to  address high-risk
wells.  Where the Agency has UIC primacy, 1t will  implement this  process.

Ground-Water Protection

     In 1989,   EPA  will  enhance  its  risk  reduction and prevention efforts by  devel-
oping and issuing technical assistance documents which will provide state-of-the-art
knowledge to States  on wellhead protection issues.   One of  the  major elements of
wellhead protection activities  is the determination  of  zones within  which contam-
inant source assessment and management will  be  addressed.  The delineation of these
zones, denoted as wellhead  protection   areas  (WHPAs),  Involves highly  technical
analyses of the  hydrogeologic  and  other  environmental   conditions  surrounding  a
water well or  well field.  States/Indian  tribes will  rely on EPA  to  provide  expert
advice and consultation on  the  methodologies  and approaches to  the hydrogeologic
and other assessments related  to these areas. In addition, EPA will act as a liaison
with all  Federal  agencies which must, by statute,  comply with the  State  laws  and
regulations developed under the  aegis of wellhead protection.

     While wellhead  protection  activities  focus  specifically  on ground-water  re-
sources that serve as drinking  water  supplies, EPA also  supports State  efforts in
protecting all  its  ground-water resources  through  the  Ground-Water  Protection
Strategy.  In  1989,  EPA will  encourage  those States that have not yet done  so, to
direct attention to the totality of their ground-water resources  and,  accordingly,
to design a comprehensive  strategy which clearly  determines the protection  measures
required for their ground-water  resources.

     The classification guidelines established and issued by EPA provide a defini-
tion of the use,  value,  and vulnerability of ground-water  resources for EPA programs.
The Agency will  assist the  States  in developing  and/or implementing  systems  for
classifying ground-water resources.   In  addition, EPA  will   continue  its role  in
conducting research and development  activities, collecting, analyzing,  and  develop-
ing mechanisms to  share data on  ground-water  resources  with the States  and  with
other Federal   programs.  EPA  will also  continue  to  review  and  approve/disapprove
petitions for designation  of sole source aquifers.

Research and Development

     The research program will  continue  to  support activities to protect  drinking
water supplies,  including ground-water  resources, particularly  in the development
of drinking water health-based  maximum contaminant  level   goals and  enforceable

                                          DW-5

-------
maximum contaminant levels.   lexicological  data will  be developed for those  com-
pounds of the  National Primary  Drinking Water  Regulations Contaminant  Selection
Priority List for which data gaps have been identified.

     In the area of disinfection, research will  be conducted to Isolate,  Identify,
synthesize and characterize  the  toxicity of the major  disinfectants  and  disinfec-
tant by-products  with emphasis  placed  on  compounds  demonstrating  the  greatest
biological activity.   In  addition,  the  research  program will  continue to provide
human health assessments to support the need for quantitative risk assessments from
exposure to drinking  water  treatment technology and analytical methods  In support
of standard  setting.   Research  to  determine  the cost-effectiveness  of  1n-situ
aquifer restoration techniques will  continue,  leading  to clean-up where previously
the cost was prohibitive.  In  1989,  promising  laboratory techniques will  be evalu-
ated on actual contamination incidents.

     The research program will  also direct efforts focused  solely  on ground-water
resources.  Both the  development of  methods  and the conduct of studies on subsur-
face transport and  fate  processes  will  provide  appropriate assessments   of  human
exposure risks from ground-water contamination.
                                          DW-6

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DRINKING WATER
      Budget    Current            Increase  (+)
                                   Decrease  (-)
                                   1989 vs.  1988
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
UIC Permit Determinations:
- for existing and new
facilities, by primacy
States 	
- for existing and new
facilities, by EPA 	
UIC MIT Testing 	
UIC File Review 	
Enforcement Actions - PWS:
Notices of Violations....
Civil Litigation (new) 	

Enforcement Actions - UIC:
Inspections 	

Administrative Orders......

Criminal Litigation.. 	
Cumulative Outputs:
PWS Primacy States 	
UIC Primacy States (full and
parti al programs ) 	
Designated Sole Source
Aauifer 	
Actual
1987

8,014
582
25,736
24,896
n/a
105
184
1
0
74,592
n/a
107
1
0

54
33/6
31
Estimate
1988

5,570
505
23,642
24,569
n/a
685
238
7
0
51,066
n/a
95
4
0

54
34/7
65
Estimate
1988

5,553
490
22,262
23,949
n/a
391
234
1
0
58,609
n/a
106
1
0

54
35/6
50
Requesi
1989

5,553
490
22,262
23,949
n/a
356
284
1
0
58,609
n/a
125
1
0

54
35/6
65
                                          0

                                          0

                                          0

                                          0
                                          0
                                        -35
                                        +50
                                          0
                                          0
                                          0
                                          0
                                        +19
                                          0
                                          0
                                          0

                                          0

                                        +15
     DW-7

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page
DRINKING MATER

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Drinking Water Research	  DW-9
          Sci enti f 1 c Assessmen t	  DW-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	DW-15
          Heal th Effects	  DW-16
          Environmental  Engineering and Technology	  DW-17
          Environmental  Processes and Effects	  DW-18
                                        DW-8

-------
                                                              DRINKING WATER

                                                         Drinking Water Research
i
«o

PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Health Effects -
Drinking Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering 4
Technology - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
ACTUAL
1987
<


$349.8
$294.8
$644.6



$1,590.9
$1,574.5
$3,165.4


$3,295.5
$5,326.8
$8,622.3




$3,179.1
$2,296.1
$5,475.2



$1,481.4 '
$3,385.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
[DOLLARS IN


$443.0
$246.8
$689.8



$1,755.6
$1,436.0
$3,191.6


$3,665.6
$6,301.5
$9,967.1




$3,389.9
$1,958.0
$5,347.9



$1,583.7
$3,823.9
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)


$422.8
$246.8
$669.6



$1,642.3
$1,436.0
$3,078.3


$3,428.9
$5,450.5
$8,879.4




$3,146.8
$1,638.0
$4,784.8



$1,599.7
$3,823.9
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988



$422.8
$296.8
$719.6



$1,642.3
$1,569.5
$3,211.8


$3,428.9
$4,970.9
$8,399.8




$3,146.8
$1,963.9
$5,110.7



$1,599.7
$3,424.1
REQUEST
1989
1



$432.1
$296.8
$728.9



$1,678.3
$1,277.3
$2,955.6


$3,504.0
$4,570.9
$8,074.9




$3,215.7
$1,963.9
$5,179.6



$1,634.7
$3,424.1
INCREASE
DECREASE
989 VS 198



$9.3

$9.3



$36.0
-$292.2
-$256.2


$75.1
-$400.0
-$324.9




$68.9

$68.9



$35.0

                                         TOTAL    $4,866.8    $5,407.6    $5,423.6   $5,023.8   $5,058.8
$35.0

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                                              DRINKING WATER
                                         Drinking Water Research

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses            $9,896.7  $10,837.8  $10,240.5  $10,240.5  $10,464.8    $224.3
 Research & Development        $12,877.6  $13,766.2  $12,595.2  $12,225.2  $11,533.0   -$692.2

Drinking Water          TOTAL  $22,774.3  $24,604.0  $22,835.7  $22,465.7  $21,997.8   -$467.9
Research


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -              5.7        9.0        9.0        9.0        9.0
Drinking Water

Monitoring Systems &                27.8       29.5       29.5       28.7       28.7
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water

Health Effects -                    59.3       68.5       68.5       66.4       66.4
Drinking Water

Environmental                       56.1       60.9       60.9       59.3       59.3
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water

Environmental Processes             25.2       26.8       28.8       29.1       29.1
& Effects - Drinking
Water

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS          174.1      194.7       196.7      192.5      192.5

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                                              DRINKING WATER
                                         Drinking Water Research

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET   .   ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE       1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                   1988              1989 VS 1988
TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment -
Drinking Water

Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance -
Drinking Water

Health Effects -
Drinking Water

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Drinking
Water

Environmental Processes
& Effects - Drinking
Water
  8.7
 27.9
 67.3
 58.7
 28.0
  9.0
 29.5
 68.5
 60.9
 26.8
  9.0
 29.5
 68.5
 60.9
 28.8
  9.0
 28.7
 66.4
 59.3
 29.1
  9.0
 28.7
 66.4
 59.3
 29.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
190.6
194.7
196.7
192.5
192.5

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    Research
and Development

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                                   DRINKING WATER


                              Drinking Water Research


                           Principal  Outputs by  Objective


Objective 1;  Develop  Drinking  Water  Standards   Based   on  Health  Effects Through
Risk Assessment Studies

1989;  o  Development  of  health  advisories and   criteria   documents  (Scientific
          Assessment)
       o  Report on the carcinogenic  and  reproductive effects  of disinfectants/by-
          products (Health)
       o  Report on cancer risks associated with the chlorination of drinking water
          (Health)

1988;  p   Development  of  health  advisories and   criteria  documents  (Scientific
          Assessment)
       o  Report on target organ toxidty  of disinfectants and  disinfectant by-pro-
          ducts (Health)
       o  Response report  on  target  organ toxicity of chemicals tested for health
          advisory development (Health)

1987:  o  Preparation  of  30 drinking  water  health advisories  on unregulated VOCs
          (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Preparation of criteria documents (Scientific Assessments)
       o  Report on  cancer and  reproductive hazards  of  principal   contaminants  in
          drinking water (Health)


Objective 2;  Provide  Engineering  Technologies  and  Monitoring Data for Drinking
Water Standards

1989;  o  Report on radiation methods validation  and Intercomparison  studies program
          for drinking water radiation quality assurance  (Monitoring)
       o  Development and  verification of Legionella  inactivation  data for public
          plumbing systems (Engineering)
       o  Report on treatment techniques to remove  radon from small  water supplies
          (Engineering)

1988;  o  Final standardized methods  for synthetic  organic chemicals and pesticides
          •for the underground water survey (Monitoring)
       o  Internal report on in-house pilot studies for control  of disinfectant  by-
          products (Engineering)

1987;  o  Distribution of 52,000 quality control and performance evaluation samples
          for chemical, radionuclide, and microbiological  analysis of drinking water
        • (Monitoring)
       o  Conducted laboratory certification for 10 Regions (Monitoring)
       o  Report  on  the  removal   of  radium   from  drinking  water  (Engineering)


Objective 3:  Provide  Scientific  Methods  and  Data for  Protection  of Ground Hater
Resources

1989;  o  Report  on  sources  of variability affecting groundwater  monitoring data
          (Monitoring)
       o  Report  on  fiber  optics  for monitoring  groundwater  contaminants  (Moni-
          toring)


                                        DW-12

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       o  Report on  unregulated  sources of  groundwater contamination  1n  wellhead
          protection areas (Environmental  Processes)

1988:  o  Evaluation and  development  of laser-induced  fluorescence  for monitoring
          groundwater contamination using  fiber optics (Monitoring)
       o  Report on in-situ restoration of an aquifer contaminated with halogenated
          organic contaminants (Environmental Processes)
       o  Report on  characterization  of a  saline  aquifer used for  waste  disposal
          (Environmental Processes)

1987:  o  Evaluation of methods for constructing monitoring wells with hollow stem
          augers (Monitoring)
       o  Computer code and documentation  for predicting solubilities in mixed-sol-
          vent systems (Environmental  Processes)
       o  State-of-the-art report  on  interaction  of injected  fluids  with  geologic
          materials (Environmental  Processes)
                                       DW-13

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                                   DRINKING MATER


                              Drinking Mater Research
Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $21,997,800  supported  by 192.5  total  work-
years for 1989, a decrease of $467,900 and no  change  in total  workyears from 1988.
Of the request,  $10,464,800 will  be for the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $11,533,000  will  be  for  the  Research  and  Development  appropriation,  an
increase of $224,300 and a decrease of $692,200, respectively.

Program"Description

     The Drinking  Mater  research  program  provides support  to  States  and  the EPA
Office of Drinking Mater (ODM)  in  implementing the Safe Drinking Mater Act (SDMA).
This program consists of the following objectives:

     Objective•1:••Develop"Dr1nking•Water•Standards"Based•on Health•Effects Through
Risk Assessment Studies.  Research  inEKTsactivityprovideshealthassessment
information to support the Office of Drinking Mater In  developing revised regulations
to control drinking water contaminants under the SDMA.  The health research program
also assists  States  in ascertaining causes  of waterborne  Infectious disease out-
breaks and  determining the  hazard to humans  from exposure to infectious agents
through drinking water.

     Objective 2:  Provide  Engineering Technologies and•Monitoring Data for Drink-
ing Hater StandarTTIResearch  supporting this objective provides analytical proce-
dures to  monitor drinking  water contaminants.   In addition,  engineering research
will evaluate  treatment  processes  and  costs to  support ODM  regulatory decision-
making.

     Objective 3:  Provi de "Scientif1c •Methods  and Data'for Protection of Ground-
Hater "Resources.Work in this  category  will provide  the scientific basis  for the
protection of  underground drinking water sources to implement Section 1421 and 1414
of the SDWA.   These efforts are coordinated with the pesticides and hazardous waste
programs.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $728,900  supported by  9.0  total  workyears
for this  program,  of which $432,100  will  be for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation and  $296,800 will  be for  the Research  and  Development   appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of $9,300 in the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation,
with no change in  the Research and  Development  appropriation  and  total workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of in-house support for the risk assessment program.

     Develop Drinking'"Mater•Standards Based on•Health  Effects Through  R1sk Assess-
ment Studies.Research will  provide health criteria  and  assessment documents tor
a variety of drinking  water  contaminants including disinfectants and their by-pro-
ducts.  The program  will  provide  technical  support  and assistance  in  response to
Regional and State  requests.   Research will  develop  state-of-the-art methodologies
for assessment of  potential  risk  to  human  health from exposure  to  contaminants
found in drinking water.


                                      DM-14

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $719,600 supported  by  9.0 total
workyears for this  program,  of  which $422,800 is from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $296,800  is  from the  Research and  Development  appropriation.

     In 1988,  this   program  is  finalizing  criteria  documents  for  publication,
preparing criteria  documents  for  external   review  and  initiating  new  documents.
The program  is  also  preparing   health  advisories for  submission to  Regions  and
States as guidance.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total  of  $644,600 supported  by 8.7  total
workyears for this  program,  of  which $349,800  was  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $294,800  was   from  the Research  and Development  appropriation.

     Major accomplishments included the  finalization  of  documents  on  the  Phase
II chemicals, preparation  of the  external  review draft  documents  on the Phase  V
chemicals and  the  revision   (following  QA/QC  review)  of  health  advisories   of
30 unregulated VOCs  listed under Section 1445 SDWA.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $2,955,600 supported  by 28.7 total workyears
for this program, of which $1,678,300 will  be  for the  Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation and  $1,277,300  will be for the Research  and Development  appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of  $36,000 and  a  decrease of $292,200,  respectively,
and no change in total  workyears.  The increase in the  Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation reflects  general enhancement   of   inhouse  support  for  the  groundwater
program.  The  decrease  in  Research  and Development  appropriation   reflects  the
completion of several monitoring studies.

     Provide  Engineering Technologies and Monitoring Data for  Drinking Water Stan-
dards"The program will  distribute quality  control  samples and  conduct performance
evaluation studies  in  support  of  the Agency's quality  assurance program.   Method
validation studies  will   be  conducted  for   organic  contaminants  newly  regulated
under the  Safe  Drinking  Water  Act.   The  program  will  evaluate 10  regions  for
capabilities to provide  quality data in  support  of the National  Interim Primary
Drinking Water  Regulations  and  the Safe Drinking  Water  Act Amendments of  1986.
In 1989,  fees  for  quality  control and  performance  evaluation  samples  will   be
collected following  the expected publication of a  final  rule  in 1988.

     Provide Scientific Methods  and Data for  Protection  of  Groundwater Resources.
Research will provide both technical information and improved methods  for predicting
contaminant movement and transformation  to allow  better human exposure assessments
from groundwater  contamination.   Research will include  looking at  identification
and assessment  technologies   for  improving  injection  well  practices,  assessing
fluid movement  from  injection wells and developing laser  induced fluorescence  for
monitoring groundwater by fiber  optics.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $3,211,800 supported by 28.7 total
workyears for this  program,  of  which  $1,642,300 is from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,569,500  is from the Research  and Development  appropriation.
                                      DW-15

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     In 1988, the monitoring program 1s expediting methods validation work  to  meet
the new drinking water regulations for organic  chemical  contaminants.   The  program
provides analytical  procedures  to monitor drinking water  contaminants  Including
development of  procedures  for analysis  of radioactive  contaminants and  Improved
conform analysis  methods.   Fees  for  quality  control  and  performance  evaluation
samples will be collected following the  expected  publication of  a  final  rule  in
1988.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total of  $3,165,400  supported by  27.9 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,590,900 was  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  $1,574,500  was  from  the Research  and  Development  appropriation.

     In support  of  the   revised  Primary  Drinking  Water  Regulations,   analytical
methods for the determination of  organic  compounds in finished drinking  water and
raw source  water  were developed  as  well  as  analytical methods  for the  National
Pesticides Survey.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $8,074,900  supported  by 66.4 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $3,504,000 will  be for  the  Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,570,900 will be for the  Research  and Development appropriation.  This
represents an increase of  $75,100  and a decrease of  $400,000, respectively, and  no
change in total workyears.  The increase in the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
reflects a  general enhancement  of  inhouse support  for the health  effects program.
The decrease in the  Research  and Development  appropriation reflects  the completion
of toxicological testing  on  the major  set  of chemicals identified  for regulation
under the SDWA.

     Develop Drinking Water Standards Based on  Health  Effects Through  Risk  Assess-
ment Studies.The health  research program willsupport the  ODW  in its  effort  to
develop drinking  water  recommended  maximum  contaminant  levels.   In   response  to
the Safe Drinking  Water  Act Amendments, toxicological  research  will  be  directed at
the disinfection process.  Research will  be conducted to isolate,  identify,  synthe-
size and characterize the toxicity of the major disinfectant  byproducts.

     Microbiological research will  be conducted to  develop a methodology for identi-
fying viruses  and  bacteria to  be  used in  exposure assessment.   A  study  will  be
undertaken to  relate microbiological indicators to  levels  of  symptomatic  illness
in humans affected by drinking water  contaminated by viruses.   Research will  develop
detection techniques and  determine the infectivity of  Cryptosporidium  (protozoa).


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is allocating  a  total  of $8,399,800 supported by 66.4 total
workyears for this  program,  of  which $3,428,900 is  from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $4,970,900  is from the Research  and  Development  appropriation.

     The health  research  program is  providing a  scientific base for the Agency and
States to  use  in  identifying  and  controlling  harmful contaminants   in  drinking
water.  Research is  focused  on  those areas identified  by ODW which support  their
regulatory efforts.  This includes research on disinfectants,  organic and inorganic
contaminants, and  waterborne  pathogens  and disease.  Several epidemiology  studies
on drinking water  quality and human health will be  completed.


                                     DW-16

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1987 Accompl1shments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $8,622,300 supported  by 67.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,295,500  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and.  $5,326,800  was  from the  Research  and Development appropriation.

     A report on the toxicity of  16 drinking water contaminants was completed.  This
data will be used  to develop maximum contaminant levels  goals  (MCLG's) and health
advisories.  A study on  the virullence characterization of Legionella was completed.


ENVIRONMENTAL'ENGINEERING- AND'TECHNOLOGY

1989'Program'Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $5,179,600  supported by 59.3  total  workyears
for this program,  of which $3,215,700 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $1,963,900 will  be  for the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an  increase of $68,900  in  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no  change  in  the  Research  and Development  appropriation  and in  total  work-
years.  The increase in the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation  reflects a general
enhancement of inhouse support for the engineering and technology program.

     Provide"Engineering'Technologies'and'Monitoring'Data'for"Drinking-water'Stand-
ards.This program  will  provide evaluation  of  processes for removalof volatile
organic compounds  (VOCs),   pesticides  and   radionuclides  for  use  in  regulation
implementation.  It  will   provide   information  on treatment systems  performances
and costs  to permit  cost-effectiveness analyses  of  proposed  treatment systems.
The program  will  focus on evaluations of  disinfectant effectiveness  and factors
contributing to microbial   deterioration of water quality  in distribution systems.
Research emphasizing technologies  especially adaptable  to small  systems  will  also
be performed.


1988'Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total  of $5,110,700  supported by 59.3 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $3,146,800 is  from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  $1,963,900  is  from the  Research  and  Development appropriation.

     Research is evaluating treatment processes and costs to support ODW regulatory
decisionmaking.  Cost  data  is being  compiled  for  unit  processes  to  do  cost-
effectiveness analyses  of   proposed  treatment systems.   Factors  which  contribute
to deterioration of  water  quality  in distribution systems and methods  for control
are being  investigated.   Research  work emphasizing  technology  particularly adapt-
able to small systems is also being performed.


1987'Accompli shments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $5,475,200 supported  by 58.7 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,179,100  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $2,296,100  was  from the  Research  and Development appropriation.

     A report  on  the removal  of  radium  from drinking  water  was  produced and  a
report on performance and  cost information on a full-scale  ion  exchange plant for
nitrate removal was completed.  An interim report on  concentration times time (Cxt)
values for hepatitis and coliphage inactivation was completed.
                                    DW-17

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ENVIRONMENTAL"PROCESSES' AND"EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $5,058,800  supported by- 29.1  total  workyears
for this program,  of which  $1,634,700  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $3,424,100 will  be  for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an  Increase of $35,000 In  the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
with no change in  the Research  and Development appropriation and In total workyears.
The Increase In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the groundwater program.

     Provide Sclentlf1c"Methods'and Data'for'Protection-of'Ground  Hater Resources.
This program will  focus on methods development and studies of surface transport and
fate processes.  Research studies will  be  conducted on 1n situ aquifer restoration
techniques which may potentially lead to a more cost-effective cleanup of aquifers.
This work  Is  coordinated  with  the  Hazardous  Waste  and  Pesticides  Programs.

     Research will  provide   field  evaluation  of  movement  and transformation  of
wastes from underground Injection wells.  Joint  studies  will  be conducted with the
People's Republic of  China  1n  the area of transport and  fate  of  groundwater con-
taminants.  The program will  provide  technical  assistance  for the  Wellhead Pro-
tection program, major technology transfer programs and support for the Underground
Injection Control  (UIC) program.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency Is  allocating  a total of $5,023,800 supported by 29.1 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $1,599,700 is  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $3,424,100 Is from  the  Research  and  Development appropriation.

     Research is  focused  on  developing and  improving  methods  for  predicting the
impacts of contamination on  underground sources of drinking water as well as provid-
ing for  information transfer  for  the  International  Groundwater Modeling  Center.
The program  is  determining  the cost-effectiveness  of 1n  situ  aquifer restoration
techniques and supports the Underground Injection ContrFT (UIC)  program by studying
the fate  and  transport of  wastes in  and  from  the  injection  zone.   The Wellhead
Protection program  is providing a  study of unregulated sources and how they affect
wellhead protection areas.


1987'Accompl1shments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total  of $4,866,800 supported  by 28.0 total
workyears for this program,  of which $1,481,400  was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,385,400  was  from  the  Research  and Development appropriation.

     A report  was  provided  on  Interaction  of fluids with  geologic  materials
to the Underground  Injection program and a  report  on computer models available for
delineating wellhead protection areas  was provided  to the  well headed protection
program.
                                    DW-18

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Drinking Water Criteria,  Standards  & Guidelines	  DW-20
          Criteria, Standards & Guidelines	  DW-21
       Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance....	  DW-24
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Grants	  DW-25
          Underground Injection  Control  Program Grants	DW-27
          Special Studies & Demonstrations	  DW-28
       Drinking Water Management	  DW-30
          Public Water Systems Supervision Program Assistance	DW-32
          Underground Injection  Control  Program	  DW-34
       Ground-Water Protection	.	  DW-37
                                        DW-19

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                                                           DRINKING WATER
                                          Drinking Water Criteria, Standards & Guidelines

                                              ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                               1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                          1988                  .1988              1989 VS 1988

                                                       (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

             PROGRAM
             Criteria, Standards S
             Guidelines
              Salaries & Expenses            $6,552.9   $7,258.7   $7,049.0   $7,049.0   $7,507.2    $458.2
              Abatement Control and          $9,120.6   $8,903.0   $8,903.0   $8,903.0   $8,903.0
              Compliance
                                     TOTAL  $15,673.5  $16,161.7  $15,952.0  $15,952.0  $16,410.2    $458.2


             TOTAL:
K             Salaries & Expenses            $6,552.9   $7,258.7   $7,049.0   $7,049.0   $7,507.2    $458.2
IN»             Abatement Control and          $9,120.6   $8,903.0   $8,903.0   $8,903.0   $8,903.0
0             Compliance

             Drinking Water          TOTAL  $15,673.5  $16,161.7  $15,952.0  $15,952.0  $16,410.2    $458.2
             Criteria, Standards A
             Guidelines

             PERMANENT WORKYEARS
              Criteria,  Standards  &               98.4      113.5      113.5       103.2      112.0       8.8
              Guidelines

              TOTAL  PERMANENT WORKYEARS           98.4      113.5      113.5       103.2      112.0       8.8


              TOTAL  WORKYEARS
              Criteria,  Standards  *               108.8       113.5       113.5       112.0       112.0
              Guidelines


              TOTAL  WORKYEARS                    108.8       113.5       113.5       112.0       112.0

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Abatement and Control

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                                   DRINKING WATER


                 Drinking Water Criteria,  Standards and Guidelines
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $16,410,200 supported by 112.0 total workyears
for 1989, an Increase  of $458,200 from 1988.   Of  the request, $7,507,200 will be
for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation  and $8,903,000 will be for the Abate-
ment, Control and Compliance appropriation, an Increase of $458,200 and no change,
respectively.

Program Description

     Criteria,  Standards and Guidelines — This program Is  responsible for deter-
minlng and overseeing  requirements  under the  Safe Drinking Water  Act (SDWA) for
public water systens (PWS)  and underground Injection wells.  This encompasses: 1)
identifying contaminants "known or  anticipated to  occur"  in public water supplies
that may have any adverse human health effects and assessing  the potential magnitude
of risk; 2) determining whether, how and  to  what degree to  regulate human exposure
from such contaminants within  the constraints  of analytical and treatment techno-
logy to  avert  such  health  risk;  3) developing enforceable  regulations and  other
requirements that constitute  PWS  Supervision  and Underground  Injection  Control
(UIC) programs; and 4) providing  direction  and oversight  to the Implementation of
PWS Supervision and UIC programs.

     The Safe Drinking Water Act  (SDWA)  Amendments of 1986  stipulate several new
requirements, including:  1) promulgation of  at  least  83  new  National  Primary
Drinking Water Regulations  (NPDWRs)  on a  3-year  schedule; 2)  establishment  of  a
triennial cycle (beginning in 1988) of listing priority contaminants  and subsequent-
ly promulgating no less than 25 additional  NPDWRs  from the list; 3)   promulgation
of treatment technology  NPDWRs  for systems  with  surface  water sources  and for
general disinfection requirements; and 4) establishment of an  unregulated contami-
nant monitoring program whereby all PWSs test  for  EPA-designated contaminants in  a
recurring 5-year cycle.   These and  other mandated  revisions  to the PWS program
(Federal enforcement responsibility, systems' public notice duties, NPDWR-implement-
ation procedures, ban on lead-content plumbing materials)  result in a  more regula-
tory-oriented program.


CRITERIA. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $16,410,200 supported by 112.0 total workyears
for this  program,  of  which $7,507,200  will  be  for the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $8,903,000 will  be   for  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.   This represents an increase  of $458,200 in the Salaries and Expen-
ses appropriation, no change  in  the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation,
and no change in total  workyears.   The increase in Salaries and Expenses reflects
increased personnel  costs.

     In 1989 EPA  will   promulgate  the  remaining  Maximum  Contaminant  Level   Goals
(MCLGs) and NPDWRs stipulated  by  the  1986 Amendments, putting  into place a vastly
expanded regulatory framework of 83 individual MCLGs and corresponding MCL/treatment
NPDWRs.  Among these last standards will be those for radon and other radionuclides,
as well as those for inorganic  and organic toxic chemicals and pesticides.  Earlier,
an NPDWR will be promulgated for lead that  incorporates corrosion control strategies.
                                       DW-21

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     The focus of standard-setting shifts with the completion of the statutory time-
table to  contaminants designated as  regulatory candidates  within the first  list
published In 1988  and to the disinfection  NPDWR.  The  list  encompasses  an  array  of
different kinds of  contaminants.  At  this stage the program will  be  concentrating
on assembling and  Interpreting  data  on actual or potential  contaminant occurrence
and health effects  In order to assure maximum risk-reduction.  One  Important  data
source will  be  the National Pesticides survey,  conducted jointly by the  drinking
water and  pesticides   programs,  continuing 1n  1989.   In  1989 this  program  will
conduct selected  toxlcologlcal  studies for  Individual  contaminants  to ascertain
acute, subchronic and chronic adverse health effects.

     This first list  of  contaminants contains a  number of disinfectant chemicals
and reaction by-products.   While reducing the  risks of waterborne disease,  these
chemicals pose a  competing risk of potential  toxlclty of the  disinfectants  them-
selves and the  organic compounds produced as their  reaction by-products.   Because
disinfection, which will  ultimately  be  a  regulatory  requirement,  1s a  mainstay
to drinking  water  treatment,  these chemicals  occur  throughout the nation's  water
supplies and thus  represent one of  the  most widespread contamination risks.   In
order to address the  problem 1n  Its entirety, the Agency has found 1t necessary  to
defer a mandatory disinfection  treatment  rule  until conclusive  scientific knowledge
1s available regarding the toxlclty of disinfectant  chemicals.  Other contaminants
in this  next regulatory agenda Include  the  compounds  listed  In the  unregulated
contaminant monitoring program and in the  Agency's pesticide survey,  and hazardous
substances listed by  the Superfund program as the most  significant potential  con-
taminant risks.

     As standard-setting  continues, pursuant  to  legislative mandates  and  the  need
to avert new risks, the successful implementation of a whole new  regulatory frame-
work assumes increasing importance.   Of  particular  concern are those  contaminants
that occur widely and pose  particular health risks: pathogenic  microorganisms,  lead
and radionucTides are the contaminants with standards finalized  or  in effect in  1989
that are the  most  substantial  risks to  be  reduced.   The Agency  will pursue  an
aggressive mobilization strategy during the transition period  from promulgation  to
effective dates, in order to achieve  as much  voluntary compliance as  possible.   In
assuming this task, the Agency  will  Increase  the development and  dissemination  of
information and technical  assistance.  Meanwhile, this  program will  maintain its
ongoing risk assessment and advisory role within the framework of a fully Integrated
Agency effort.

     Following the  report  to  Congress regarding  the  contamination  potential  of
Class V  injection  wells,  the  Agency  is  reviewing  high-risk  practices that  pose
particular threats  to underground sources  of  drinking  water.   The  program  will
implement a  strategy  for the  systematic use  of existing  permit, regulatory and
enforcement authorities.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency 1s  allocating a  total of $15,952,000  supported by   112.0
total workyears for  this  program, of which  $7,049,000  is from  the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $8,903,000  is  from  the  Abatement,  Control and Compliance
appropriation.

     The program is concentrating on  satisfying  the  1986 Amendments'  mandates for
new drinking water  standards  and regulations.   During the year  the  Agency is  1)
promulgating the second set of  MCLGs  and NPDWRs  for more  than 40 contaminants,  pur-
suant to the  legislative  timetable;   2) promulgating a treatment  technology NPDWR
for surface source  PWSs and  a general  microbiological  MCL, both  to  combat waterborne
pathogens; and 3) publishing the required list of contaminants that may be candi-
dates for regulation within  3 years.   One  of the highest  priorities is a regulatory
strategy to reduce waterborne lead through a proposed  NPDWR that  addresses  control
of water corrosivity  that causes lead contamination.   Also being  proposed are the


                                        DW-22

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MCLG/MPDURs for the  third  batch of  34  chemical/radionucllde contaminants.   Also,
the program  will   add  contaminants  to  the  unregulated  contaminant  monitoring
requirements, prompting systems to  monitor  for contaminants soon to be  regulated.

     A national survey of pesticide contamination In water supply wells Is  underway
with the joint participation of the drinking water and pesticides programs,  testing
for approximately 60 active Ingredients and by-product compounds.   Additional  health
advisories continue  to be  prepared for  contaminants associated with  monitoring
Initiatives and In response to reports of localized contamination.

     Other activities under the Amendments Include the promulgation  of  1) eligibil-
ity requirements  for Indian tribal  authorities  to  be granted primary  enforcement
authority (primacy) for PWS and UIC regulations; 2)  procedures  for States to revise
their PWS primacy  authority for new  regulatory responsibilities; 3)  revisions  to
UIC regulations specifying  new monitoring requirements for Class I  wells.   EPA  Is
also encouraging States to deal with high-risk practices  relating to Class  V Injec-
tion wells.

     Both national programs are at a critical point 1n their respective  development,
compelling more aggressive  field review of  PWS and  UIC programs.  Requirements for
PWS program management and oversight will Increase with the Issuance of  new  contami-
nant standards and treatment requirements, along with  other changes to PWS program
provisions (variances, exemptions  and public notification) to enhance  compliance.
Meanwhile, the program ensures that the underground  Injection control program  1s
preventing the endangerment of USDW.  As  technical  issues develop with  UIC  Imple-
mentation (permitting, compliance monitoring, mechanical  Integrity testing),  EPA  Is
helping to assure  consistency  through  guidance and regulatory revisions.   In both
programs, national oversight  and  coordination encompasses  definition  and  tracking
of environmentally relevant results.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated $15,673,500 supported by 108.8  total workyears
for this program,  of which  $6,552,900 was from the  Salaries and  Expenses appropri-
ation and $9,120,600 was from the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.

     EPA promulgated nine NPDWRs (for fluoride and 8 volatile organic contaminants)
together with requirements for PWS monitoring of unregulated chemical contaminants.
Also promulgated  are mandated  revisions  to  systems' public  notice  requirements
designed to simultaneously  streamline and strengthen the content,  manner and timeli-
ness of notice, including  new  requirements  to  notify  the  public  that may be  affec-
ted by lead contamination of drinking water  systems.

    In the process of proposing NPDWRs for  the majority of inorganic and synthetic
organic chemical  contaminants, EPA proposed  substituting seven contaminants  speci-
fied by the Amendments for  regulation.  At the  same  time,  the first list of  eventual
regulatory candidates was  proposed.   A  report to Congress was submitted detailing
the States'  Class  V injection well  inventory and assessments.  -Also,  the  "pilot"
phase of the National  survey  of  pesticide  occurrence in water supply wells was
completed.
                                        DW-23

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                                                             DRINKING WATER
                                            Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance

                                                ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                 1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                            1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                                         (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

               PROGRAM
               Wellhead Protection
                Abatement Control and                     $8,000.0
                Compliance
                                       TOTAL              $8,000.0

               Public Water Systems
               Supervision Program
               Grants
                Abatement Control and         $33,391.0  $33,450.0  $33,450.0  $33,450.0  $33,450.0
_               Compliance
*:                                      TOTAL  $33,391.0  $33,450.0  $33,450.0  $33,450.0  $33,450.0
rs>
4>,                                                          •
               Underground Injection
               Control Program Grants
                Abatement Control and           $9,756.6   $9,500.0  $11,500.0  $11.500.0    $9,500.0  -$2,000.0
                Compliance
                                       TOTAL    $9,756.6   $9,500.0  $11,500.0  $11,500.0    $9,500.0  -$2,000.0

               Special Studies &
               Demonstrations
                Abatement Control and           $2,600.0               $3,000.0    $3,000.0             -$3,000.0
                Compliance
                                       TOTAL    $2,600.0               $3,000.0    $3,000.0             -$3,000.0

               TOTAL:
                Abatement Control and         $45,747.6  $50,950.0  $47,950.0  $47,950.0   $42,950.0  -$5,000.0
                Compliance
                                                                                            ;
               Drinking  Water  State    TOTAL  $45,747.6  $50,950.0  $47,950.0  $47,950.0   $42,950.0  -$5,000.0
               Program Resource
               Assistance

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                                   DRINKING WATER


                  Drinking Water State Program Resource Assistance
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $42,950,000 for  1989.  a decrease of $5,000,000
from 1988.  All  of the request will  be  for the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

Program Description

     The Safe Drinking Water Act  (SDWA)  provides for States to  assume  the primary
role for  implementing  and enforcing  the  drinking  water and  Underground Injection
Control (U1C) regulations.  Financial  assistance, in the form of grants,  1s provided
to the States  to  develop  and  maintain these programs.  To be eligible  for  these
grants the States must have primary enforcement authority (primacy).   Indian tribes
demonstrating intent to achieve primacy may  receive a grant for the initial develop-
ment of their programs.  Other  resource assistance  1s  provided for training,  tech-
nical assistance and special  studies.

     This subactivity Includes the following programs:

     Public Water Systems (PWS) Supervision Program Grants — This program provides
grants to primacy  states for  PWS  regulatory programs  aimed at  ensuring that the
Nation's water supplies  are  free  from contamination which  may  pose  adverse health
effects.  The SDWA Amendments  of  1986 authorize the Administrator  to  provide PWS
grants to eligible Indian  tribes and  mandate  specific changes in PWS  Supervision
programs aimed at  broadening the health protection afforded by  federal  regulations
as well as  improve compliance with regulations, particularly  among  small systems.
The programs of  States and Indian tribes that  are  supported by  these  grants must
adopt the changes in order to maintain primacy.  EPA may use the funds allocated to
non-pr.imacy States and to  Indian  tribes  who do  not qualify for  primacy  to defray
the cost of Federal direct implementation, Including travel.

     Underground Injection Control  Program Grants — This program provides grants to
support State activitiesTnimplementing the  UIC  program to  protect  underground
sources of drinking water.  As  with  the PWS program, the SDWA  Amendments authorize
UIC grants to eligible  Indian  tribes  and  EPA may use the  funds allocated to a non-
primacy State  or  Indian  tribe for  program implementation,  including  associated
travel.

     Special Studies and Demonstrations —  This  program  provides  resources  for
training and technical  assistance to  owners and  operators of  small rural  water
systems in the areas of management, finance and facility operations.


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $33,450,000 for this program,  all of which will
be for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.   This  represents  no
change from 1988.

     The principal task in 1989 is to transform the regulatory  framework of the PWS
Supervision program while minimizing  an increase in  system non-compliance pursuant
                                       DW-25

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to the Increased regulatory requirements.  EPA's strategy 1s to promote rapid State
Implementation of the new requirements and support States as they build their capa-
city to  Implement a  comprehensive  regulatory framework.   Integral  to this strategy
Is the  need to enlist agencies  and  constituencies beyond  EPA  1n  Improving under-
standing of and mobilizing support for enhanced protection  of drinking water,  such
as by disseminating the new requirements, making consumers and the regulated commu-
nity more  aware  of  the health risks, and encouraging  greater monitoring, operator
training and  treatment  efforts.   At the  same  time,  States will  vigorously pursue
ongoing violations with  the  full range of administrative and enforcement tools at
their disposal.   Consequently,  States must both maintain their  current high level
of administrative  and  enforcement  actions  and  meet  the  new  challenges  while
addressing the non-compliance problems of small systems.

     During 1989 new National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) for vola-
tile organic  contaminants  (VOCs) will  come Into effect, which  means all PWSs  will
be responsible for meeting the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) 1f and when unsafe
levels are  found  (although  small  and very small  systems have an extended period to
monitor for them).  Further, all  200,000  PWSs will be required to Implement conform
monitoring while the revised  microbiological MCL  comes Into effect.   A host of new
chemical contaminant monitoring  requirements apply to  medium, large  and very large
systems In this year as well.

     A filtration NPDWR  will  be promulgated.  This unique  regulation will  specify
legislatively mandated special  procedures whereby the primacy  authority (State or
EPA) shall determine the need for Installing or upgrading filtration  and pre-treat-
ment processes  In systems  with  sources  from  or directly  Influenced  by  surface
water.  The Amendments  also  specify a timetable  for  Implementation.   First,  the
States must adopt the  necessary  regulations to administer  and  enforce the filtra-
tion rule  within 18 months  of  Its  promulgation.   Upon adoption,  States  have 12
months to make the determinations.   States will begin to amend their  legal authori-
ties in  1989  to  adopt  the  technology-based  standards  and  specify  their unique
"determination" procedure.   A few such  "determinations" can be expected in 1989.

     Grant funds  will  continue  to   be   available to  Indian  tribal  authorities
who are  in the process of  qualifying for PWS primary  enforcement responsibility.
EPA will continue to use grant funds to support Its direct implementation responsi-
bilities, including travel.


.1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of  $33,450,000  for this program, all
of which 1s from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     State programs are maintaining their emphasis on efforts  to bring public water
systems into  compliance, using a judicious  combination of technical  assistance and
enforcement.  States  will  establish agreements  (Including exemptions)  involving
tangible milestones for actions to reduce contaminant levels.  In serious instances,
States will take formal enforcement  actions  and punitive administrative penalties.

     States are  beginning  to Implement  the  first 9  NPDWRs,  revising  their  legal
authorities to  accommodate  new  MCLs,  expanding  State  laboratory   certification
capability, and assisting  systems  to prepare to comply  with the requirements.   At
the same time  systems will  be called upon to monitor  for unregulated contaminants
over a 5-year period.

     State programs are subject  to a  number of other procedural changes ensuing  from
the Amendments:  1)  new  public  notification requirements;  2) authorities  to  issue
new 1-year exemptions,  attendant  enforceable  compliance schedules and 3-year "exten-
sions" to compliance deadlines;  3) new ground  rules  for MCL variances  and 4)  bans
on lead-content plumbing materials which, if not  enforced,  will result  in  up  to  a
                                        DW-26

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5% withholding of the PWS State  grant.   In 1988, Indian tribal authorities may  be
eligible for  development  grants consistent  with forthcoming  Federal  regulations.

     The PWS  grant  funds  will  continue to  support primacy program and EPA direct
Implementation program activities Including analytical services,  sanitary  surveys,
training, disease surveillance, on-slte technical activities,  and data management.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987  the Agency obligated a total  of $33,391,000 for  this program, all  of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     Fifty-four States and territories, encompassing 96% of the nation's  community
systems, maintained primacy  and  received  grants  while EPA used the funds  allotted
to the States and Indian jurisdictions for  contract Implementation.   States Incor-
porated new  regulatory and  monitoring  requirements  Into existing  programs and
adopted new  analytical  techniques   to  meet  addltonal  laboratory   certification
requirements.  States also adopted  measures  to Implement the  ban on  lead  plumbing
materials and took  enforcement actions against  violations of the  drinking  water
standards.


UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $9,500,000 for this program, all  of which will
be for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.  This  represents  a
decrease of $2,000,000  that  was allocated  in 1988  to  complete the permitting  of
Class II  wells  and support  additional  efforts  on  Class I hazardous waste wells.

     These funds will support State  or EPA programs to protect underground drinking
water sources from contamination through underground Injection practices.   In  1989,
EPA will  revise  Its regulations for  the  control of  Class  V  well types  that have
been identified as "high risk".  Permitting, which enables  States  (or EPA)  to  apply
the general  UIC  requirements to site-specific conditions,  will  continue  with new
class I wells, the repermitting of hazardous waste Class I wells, new  Class II  wells
and Class V wells.

     In an effort to promote  greater compliance and enforcement, efforts will  focus
on increased site inspections and review of monitoring reports to determine  adherence
to regulatory requirements.   When  necessary,  administrative  orders  (AOs) and/or
legal actions will be initiated against owners/operators  that  significantly violate
UIC regulatory requirements.   This  will include preparing public notification  of
violation and intent  to issue AOs,  and conducting  public  hearings.   In   cases  of
legal actions, the  States will  be  required  to develop  technical  cases against
violators which include preparing litigation  reports and affidavits  and  providing
testimony.

     The grant funds will also support technical assistance to operators, mainte-
nance of inventory data, and  regulatory changes to accommodate new EPA requirements
and/or guidelines.  The Agency will  provide grants to Indian tribes working towards
primacy, and  will  continue  to  implement the  program on Indian lands  and in  non-
primacy States.   The Agency may use  a portion of the grant  funds for  travel related
to implementation activities.
                                        DW-27

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total  of $11,500,000 for this program,  all
of which Is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     These funds support programs to protect underground sources  of drinking  water
from contamination through underground Injection  1n  all  57 States and Territories,
as well as  on  Indian lands.  EPA uses  grant funds alloted to 16  full  non-primacy
and 6 partial non-primacy  States and  Indian lands to support direct  Implementation
activities.  Primacy regulations determining the eligibility of  Indian  tribes will
be completed and development  grants  awarded to eligible tribes.   The  top  priority
for permitting by EPA and the States 1s new Class II  wells.  Under existing regula-
tions, EPA  is  increasing  efforts  to  bring enforcement  and/or   regulatory  action
against Class V wells which endanger  underground  sources  of drinking  water by tar-
geting vulnerable areas and "high risk" Class V wells.

     Grant funds also support  surveillance and compliance activities.   The program's
primary means of surveillance  is  through  the receipt and review of operator reports.
This requires the program  to  maintain an  effective  verification  effort  to  ensure
the credibility  of  operators' data.   In addition,  demonstrated absence  of  leaks
through mechanical integrity testing  1s  an  important element of  compliance.   Where
violations are evident, appropriate enforcement action is  being  initiated.  States
will emphasize compliance with permit conditions by increasing inspections, mechan-
ical integrity tests (MIT) and surveillance activities.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $9,756,600  for this program,  all  of
which was from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation.

     Thirty-three full and six partial  programs received  grant funds, while  EPA
implemented 24 Federal programs  supported  in part by the  grant  funds.   The  States
and EPA completed 6,251 permit determinations  for new and existing wells  and con-
ducted evaluations to determine if  permit requirements were being met.   In addition,
mechanical integrity  tests were  conducted  to  ensure the  integrity  of the  wells.
The States and EPA also focused on compliance activities by increasing field inspec-
tions and  initiating  enforcement actions.    The States  increased  their  activities
relating to Class I and II  wells as a  result of a special  set-aside  in the grants.
Other activities included  the  review of monitoring reports, maintenance of inventory
data, and  the  completion  of  EPA  Headquarters  Class  V  assessment  and report  to
Congress.


SPECIAL STUDIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS

1989 Program Request

     In 1989, no funding is requested for this  program.   This represents a decrease
of $3,000,000 in  the Abatement, Control and  Compliance appropriation from  1988.
The decrease represents  the  completion  of  training and  technical  assistance  to
small rural systems  by the National  Rural  Water Association (NRWA) and  the  Rural
Community Assistance  Program  (RCAP).   By   1989,  the State affiliates  should  be
self-sufficient through their organizational dues and training fees.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total  of $3,000,000 for this program,  all
of which is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
                                        DW-28

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     The program supports rural water training and technical  assistance through  the
NRWA and  its  31  affiliates  who  are  independent  non-profit  State  Rural   Water
Associations covering 33  States.   "Grass roots" training and technical  assistance
is provided to the owners and  operators  of  rural  water systems  to help achieve  and
maintain compliance with the SDWA Amendments.  Training includes small  water  system
and well operations and maintenance, monitoring, record keeping, water  regulations,
rates, reporting, systems  management,  distribution and disinfection which enhance
the rural water  system delivery  of clean,  safe  drinking  water.  Additionally,  a
pilot program is addressing the problems which cause systems to  be out of compliance
with maximum contaminant  levels  and/or  monitoring and reporting  requirements  for
four or more months.

     EPA is also providing funds  to the RCAP which complements the NRWA  by assisting
small public water  systems  to improve  their  management  capabilities,  long tern
planning, SDWA compliance, rate structures and financial  management.   By conducting
site visits  to these  systems,  RCAP  determines technical  assistance  needs  and
develops education programs for compliance improvement.

     Programs currently under development include (1)  a pilot preventive program in
one state,  (2)  an assistance  program  to help  small   systems apply  for  loans  and
grants, (3) a Resource  Clearinghouse project  to  compile all  available  funds  within
a state into a manual  that small  systems  could use,   and (4) training information
and manuals for small water system operators and/or owners.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $2,600,000 for this program,  all  of
which was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.

     The technical  assistance  and training  program conducted  by the  NRWA and  i.ts
affiliates included 368 informational  seminars for operators and  decision makers,
115 technical training sessions, 37 jointly  sponsored  specialized training sessions
with other State  and  Federal  agencies, and  36  problem solving  sessions. The NRWA
affiliates made  7,586 technical  assistance  visits during  this period  addressing
individual rural water system problems with  compliance, operations and  maintenance,
finance and overall management.
                                       DW-29

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                                             PRINKING WATER
                                        Drinking Water Management

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT  ,  REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                  1987      ESTIMATE       1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                             1988                   1988               1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Public Water Systems
Supervision Program
Assistance
 Salaries ft Expenses            $4,760.9   $5,258.4  .$5,105.6   $5,105.6   $5,417.0     $311.4
 Abatement Control and                        $10.0      $10.0      $10.0      $10.0
 Compliance
                        TOTAL   $4,760.9   $5,268.4   $5,115.6   $5,115.6   $5,427.0     $311.4

Underground Injection
Control Program   ,
 Salaries ft Expenses            $5,423.8   $5,805.6   $5,648.7   $5,648.7   $5,993.3     $344.6
                        TOTAL   $5,423.8   $5,805.6   $5,648.7   $5,648.7   $5,993.3     $344.6

TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses           $10,184.7  $11,064.0  $10,754.3  $10,754.3  $11,410.3     $656.0
 Abatement Control and                        $10.0      $10.0      $10.0      $10.0
 Compliance

Drinking Water          TOTAL  $10,184.7  $11,074.0  $10,764.3  $10,764.3  $11,420.3     $656.0
Management


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
 Public Water  Systems               110.3      124.6      124.6      115.6      124.0       8.4
 Supervision Program
 Assistance

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                                              DRINKING WATER
                                        Drinking Water Management

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST .  INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

Underground Injection              135.4      147.6      147.6      137.4      145;8       8.4
Control Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS          245.7      272.2      272.2      253.0      269.8      16.8


TOTAL WORKYEARS
Public Water Systems               121.8      124.6      124.6      124.0      124.0
Supervision Program
Assistance

Underground Injection              145.8      147.6      147.6      145.8      145.8
Control Program

TOTAL WORKYEARS                    267.6      272.2      272.2      269.8      269.8

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                                   DRINKING WATER

                             Drinking Water Management
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $11,420,300 supported  by  269.8  total  workyears
for 1989, an  Increase  of $656,000 from 1988.  Of the  request,  $11,410,300  will  be
for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $10,000 will  be for the Abatement,
Control and  Compliance  appropriation,  an  Increase  of $656,000  and  no  change,
respectively.

Program Description

     The Safe Drinking Water Act  (SDWA) authorizes  two national programs dedicated
to the protection of drinking water and Its underground sources.

     Public Water Systems Supervision  Program Assistance — This  program  consists
of Regional activities for national Implementation of drinking water regulations  to
ensure that  public  water systems  (PWS) are  free of  contamination  which may  pose
adverse health  effects.   The  Regional  offices  provide oversight  and  support  to
States with primary enforcement authority (primacy) for  administering  PWS Supervi-
sion programs and Implement corresponding programs in non-primacy,  direct implemen-
tation (DI)  jurisdictions,  including  States  and  Indian  lands.   Pursuant to  the
SDWA Amendments of  1986, Indian  tribal  authorities will  become  eligible  for  PWS
program primacy, subject to Regional/Headquarters review and approval.   The Regions
evaluate State programs, award the PWS grants and continue  to respond to contamina-
tion incidents including those involving unregulated contaminants which may adverse
ly affect the safety of water supplies.

     Underground Injection Control  Program — This program  consists  of the Regional.
activities related to the protection of underground sources of  drinking water  from
unsafe injection practices.   The Regions are  responsible for ensuring the implemen-
tation of  Underground  Injection Control (UIC) regulations by either oversight  of
primacy States or Indian  lands or actual implementation of the program requirements.
As with the PWS program, the SDWA Amendments  authorize Indian tribal  authorities  to
become eligible for UIC program primacy, pursuant to EPA regulations.


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS SUPERVISION PROGRAM ASSISTANCE

1989 Program Reguest

     The Agency requests a total  of $5,427,000 supported by  124.0  total  workyears
for this program, of which $5,417,000 will be for the Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation and $10,000 will be  for  the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropria-
tion.  This represents an increase of  $311,400 for the Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation, no change to the Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appropriation, and  no
change in total workyears.   The increase  represents additional program activities
resulting from the  requirements of the SDWA Amendments of 1986.

     To get the best possible start on assuring compliance with the  multitude of new
and revised  standards  that  will become effective,  EPA and the States  must ensure
maximum compliance   with existing  requirements.    To  this  end, EPA  regions   will
negotiate with primacy States to obtain annual  compliance targets and work with the
States to maintain  vigilant monitoring  of  systems'  compliance and prompt, thorough
response to  violations.    In   non-primacy  jurisdictions  the  regions  will track
systems' compliance status,  notify them of  violations and lay the  groundwork for
any necessary enforcement actions.
                                        DW-32

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    The preeminent task 1n 1989 will be to transform the regulatory framework of the
PWS Supervision program,  while  minimizing  any Increase  In  system  non-compliance
pursuant to the Increased regulatory  requirements.   EPA's  strategy 1s  to  promote
timely State Implementation  of the succession of  new requirements and to  support
States as they build their capacity to Implement the new requirements.   An Integral
part of this strategy  1s  the  need  to  enlist  agencies  and  constituencies  beyond EPA
1n mobilizing  understanding  of  and  support  for enhanced  protection  of  drinking
water.  New  activities by  these  groups will  range  from  disseminating the  new
requirements to protect supplies,  to  making  consumers and the  regulated  community
more aware  of the  health risks and  the  need  to Increase  monitoring,  operator
training and treatment efforts.

     During 1989 new NPDWRs  for volatile organic contaminants  (VOCs) will  require
all PWSs to be responsible for meeting the MCLs if and when  unsafe levels are found
(although small and very  small systems have an  extended  period  to  monitor  for
them).  In addition, the Regions will  supervise State adoption of critical  new regu-
latory requirements promulgated  during 1988:   1)  40-plus NPDWRs  for inorganic and
organic chemicals;  2)  an  NPDWR for lead and corrosion control;  and  3) an  NPDWR
specifying treatment  technology and  performance  for  surface  source  PWSs.   The
latter two are of  particular Importance  by virtue of the widespread occurrence of
lead contamination  in  drinking  water  and the particular vulnerability  of surface-
source systems to pathogenic  microorganisms such as Giardia  and viruses.

     Pursuant to the  new  authorities  making   Indian Tribal authorities  eligible to
assume primacy for  PWS Supervision responsibilities, the Regions  will  help  such
authorities develop primacy prerequisites and make the necessary applications.   The
Regions will  then review and resolve such applications with  Headquarters.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $5,115,600  supported by  124.0
total workyears for this  program,  of which $5,105,600  is  for  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $10,000 is for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     During 1988 EPA  Regions must supervise  State  adoption  of  several  additional
statutory requirements designed to decrease existing non-compliance among Community
Water Systems  (CWS).   The first nine new  NPDWRs become  effective by  the end  of
calendar 1988.  Before this  time,  all   primacy  States are  expected  to adopt  the
legal authority to  apply   and  enforce the  Maximum Contaminant Levels  (MCLs)  and
monitoring and reporting (M/R)  requirements that comprise primary  regulations,  and
also begin finding any instances of MCL violations.   These and subsequent new stan-
dards create a serious new burden  on  Regional laboratory  certification  responsibi-
lities.

     A filtration treatment NPDWR is  under developement.  This  is a unique primary
regulation which  specifies  legislatively  mandated  procedures  by  which  primacy
authorities (a State or EPA)  determine the  need for  installing  or upgrading filtra-
tion and pretreatment processes in systems  with sources from or directly  influenced
by surface water.   The Regions are helping primacy States revise their legal  author-
ities to incorporate  these specific  provisions.   As  States  adopt the  regulatory
authority, the Regions  provide  advice on case-by-case  determinations  and  on  pre-
scribing/tracking enforceable compliance  schedules.  Finally  the Regions  also begin
making determinations  for  surface-source systems in  non-primacy jurisdictions  so
that they can complete the task by  1990.

     Primacy authorities are  subject to a number of other procedural  changes  ensuing
from the Amendments.  States  seek Regional  help and  guidance  on implementation  such
as the new public  notification  requirements.  By 1988  all  States are required to
implement provisions banning  lead-content plumbing materials.  Regions are reviewing
each State's provisions, providing  assistance  in the event of inaction or  inadequate


                                       DW-33

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provisions, and ultimately  taking punitive measures (I.e.,  withholding 5* of  PWS
grant funds)  against recalcitrant  States.  Upon the  promulgation of  eligibility
requirements for Indian tribes for primacy In early 1988, Regions are working with
Indian authorities to develop and review primacy applications.

     In promoting further gains In compliance with existing regulatory  requirements,
the Regions continue to support States In emphasizing elimination of all  violations
of the NPDWRs,  using the full range  of available tools and escalating  actions  as
needed.  Pursuant to  the  Agency's guidance,  the  Regions are negotiating quarterly
compliance targets with the States for the reduction of "significant non-compliance"
with microbiological,  turbidity  and chemical MCL requirements.   The program con-
tinues to track State  compliance  monitoring  to  find and help with  problem  systems
and help respond  to  contamination  of  supplies  and waterborne  disease  outbreaks.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency  obligated a total of $4,760,900 supported by  121.8  total
workyears for  this  program,  all  of  which  was  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.

     The principal Regional  priority was to Improve compliance among community water
systems with all MCLs  and M/R requirements.   The strategy was to promptly  resolve
or address all  systems defined to be  In "significant non-compliance." In achieving
this strategy the Regions started special compliance Initiatives  where such  "signi-
ficant" problems are  clustered,   presently In  the  Pacific  Islands, the  Caribbean
Islands and among Alaskan Native  Villages.

     When EPA  promulgated  new  NPDWRs  for  9  contaminants,  Regions  worked with
primacy States  to  Incorporate regulatory and monitoring  requirements  and  helped
States with  new  analytical  techniques  to  meet  additional  laboratory certifi-
cation requirements.   The Regions carried out  detailed consultations with  States
regarding program changes accompanying  the SOWA Amendments, particularly those  in
effect Immediately upon enactment (e.g.,  new exemption  authorities, new compliance
categories, lead-bans).   To accomplish  these  tasks and to implement  a  stronger
enforcement program,  all  mandated by the SDWA  Amendments,  the   Regions  curtailed
surveillance of  interstate  carrier  conveyance  supplies.    Ongoing assistance  in
response to contamination incidents  and all other oversight, evaluation  and  manage-
ment tasks continued.


UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $5,993,300  supported by 145.8  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an Increase of  $344,600 which reflects  increased  personnel  costs.

     In 1989, EPA will continue  to implement  direct implementation (DI)  and  primacy
programs.  A key objective will  be to ensure  more effective  compliance and enforce-
ment.  This  will  Include more national consistency  in handling significant non-
compliance (SNCs), increased  issuance  of  AO's  and  a continued  emphasis on  field
inspections and surveillance.  EPA  will  continue to  implement  State-specific  UIC
programs in 20 non-primacy States  (15 full and 5  partial) and on Indian lands.  This
represents a decrease of  two  programs  in 1988 because  Indiana and  Mississippi  are
expected to receive  primacy in  1989.   EPA will  propose revisions to existing  UIC
regulations for Class II wells, review alternative methods for demonstrating  mechan-
ical integrity  of wells  for which  no current method  is acceptable,  and initiate
a study to determine  whether Class I hazardous  waste  regulations should apply  to
all Class I wells.
                                         DW-34

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     In addition to implementing Federal  programs  in non-primacy States, EPA will
oversee and  provide  technical  assistance to  primacy  States.   The  Regions will
evaluate State efforts In  implementing  their  programs to ensure that the programs
continue to meet the minimum regulatory requirements.  The Agency will review State
permits to ensure that they  are issued in accordance with approved  State programs
and see that the  permit  conditions are  being properly enforced.  Other oversight
activities will Include  reviewing  State  non-compliance reports, compiling  annual
report data, preparing   State-specific  guidance documents and  administering  the
State grant program.

     EPA will revise regulations for  the control of  Class V well  types that have
been identified as "high risk", such as untreated waste disposal  wells.   These well
types are  potentially a  serious threat to underground  sources  of drinking water
(USDW) of the Class V wells, based on  such factors  as location/usability of USDWs,
well construction, nature of injection fluid,  and injected volume.

     The Regions  will  continue to  implement  monitoring  requirements  for  Class  I
injection wells as required under the SOWA Amendments of 1986.   This  will Include  a
review of monitoring requirements that need to be addressed 1n non-primacy  States.
The Regions  will  assist Indian Tribes  who are working toward assuming primacy as
authorized by the SDWA Amendments.  For those States without primacy, the  Regions
will continue to implement Federal  programs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency 1s allocating  a total  of  $5,648,700  supported by  145.8
total workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  is  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.

     The Agency continues to implement Federal  programs  in 22 non-primacy  States  (16
full and 6  partial)  and  on  Indian lands.   Under existing regulations, EPA  is  in-
creasing efforts  to  bring  enforcement  and/or regulatory  action against  Class  V
wells which endanger underground sources of drinking  water by targeting  vulnerable
areas and  "high  risk"  Class  V wells.   The Regions  continue  to emphasize  permit
determinations and are responsible  for ensuring compliance with  the permit require-
ments by conducting  on-site inspections  and   witnessing  and reviewing  mechanical
integrity tests.  Other  activities  include the development of site-specific  guid-
ances, maintaining inventory data,  and preparing  annual  reports.

     To implement Federal programs  in  non-primacy States, EPA oversees and provides
technical assistance to  primacy States and  evaluates  State efforts in  implementing
their programs to ensure that the programs continue to  meet the  minimum  regulatory
requirements.  As in the direct implementation programs, the  Regions  focus on.State
permitting programs.   The  Agency reviews  State permits  to  ensure  that they  are
issued in  accordance  with approved State  programs  and that permit conditions  are
being properly enforced.

     In addition to activities  in  primacy and non-primacy States,  the Regions  are
implementing monitoring  requirements for  Class I injection wells as  required under
the SDWA Amendments of 1986.  This includes a  review  of monitoring requirements in
non-primacy States.  The Regions are providing assistance  to  Indian  Tribes  who  are
working toward assuming  primacy as  authorized  by  the SDWA Amendments.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $5,423,800 supported by 145.8  total
workyears for this program, all of which was  from  the Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation.
                                        DM-3 5

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     The Agency implemented Federal programs 1n  24  States and on Indian lands.  As
1n the past, this program continued to focus on making permit determinations and on
eliminating the backlog of permits for Class II wells 1n accordance with the 5-year
permitting schedule. ' The Regions conducted on-site  Inspections,  witnessed mechan-
ical Integrity tests and conducted record  reviews to  ensure  that  requirements  were
met.  In cases where  violations  were  found, the Regions used Administrative Orders
to bring about compliance.

     Regional activities  in  primacy  States Included  general oversight  (review  of
well-record reports,  operator  reports,  review  of State-issued permits,  and annual
report data) and technical assistance through  the Issuance of guidance documents or
on-site assistance.  The  Regions  actively  encouraged States to promote  compliance
through on-slte Inspections,  record  reviews,  and mechanical  integrity  tests.   The
Regions, through quarterly reporting  data,  reviewed the States'  progress  and  took
action as was necessary in cases where the program was not being properly enforced.
Other Regional activities Included the completion of the Class V assessment, mainte-
nance of inventory data, and program grant administration.
                                       DW-36

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                                                              DRINKING WATER

                                                         Ground-Water Protection
i
to


PROGRAM
Ground-Water Protection .
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Ground-Water TOTAL
Protection
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Ground-Water Protection
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987


$2,887.6
$2,733.5
$5,621.1
$2,887.6
$2,733.5
$5,621.1

53.2
53.2

61.7
61.7
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS I*

$4,487.3
$3,000.0
$7,487.3
$4,487.3
$3,000.0
$7,487.3

81.6
81.6

81.6
81.6
ENACTED
1988
1 THOUSANDS]

$3,692.7
$3,350.0
$7,042.7
$3,692.7
$3,350.0
$7,042.7

81.6
81.6

81.6
81.6
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
1
t
$3,692.7
$3,200.0
$6,892.7
$3,692.7
$3,200.0
$6,892.7

78.0
78.0

81.1
81.1
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988


$3,924.3 $231.6
$3,000.0 -$200.0
$6,924.3 $31.6
$3,924.3 $231.6
$3,000.0 -$200.0 Compliance
$6,924.3 $31.6

81.1 3.1
81.1 3.1

81.1
81.1

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                                   DRINKING WATER


                              Ground-Water Protection
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a  total  of $6,924,300  supported  by 81.1 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $31,600 over 1988.  Of the request, $3,924,300 will  be for
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and $3,000,000 will be for  the Abatement,
Control and  Compliance  appropriation,  an  increase  of $231,600 and  a  decrease  of
$200,000, respectively.


Program Description

     Ground-Water Protection — The  primary goals  of the  ground-water protection
program are to provide national  leadership and assistance to States in their efforts
to protect and  preserve ground-water  resources; prevent  contamination which  may
have an adverse affect on human health and the environment; provide EPA with a con-
sistent policy  framework which  takes the  use,  value, and vulnerability of  ground
water into account;  and advance technology  transfer  and training on  ground-water
protection and prevention issues.   The primary means  of achieving these  goals  is
through implementation  of  EPA's Ground-Water  Protection Strategy and  the  ground-
water provisions in  the 1986 amendments to  the  Safe  Drinking Water Act (sections
1424[e] and 1428).


GROUND-WATER PROTECTION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $6,924,300  supported  by 81.1 total  workyears
for this program, of which  $3,924,300  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $3,000,000 will be for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropri-
ation.  This represents an  increase of $231,600 and a  decrease of $200,000, respec-
tively, and  no  change  in total  workyears.   The  increase in Salaries  and  Expenses
reflects increased  personnel  costs  and  the publication  of technical  assistance
documents for use  by the  States in  the development   and  implementation of  their
ground-water protection programs.  The decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects the expected completion of  a  Congress!onally mandated study on  point and
non-point pollution in the Spokane-Rathdrum Sole Source Aquifer.

     In 1989, the Agency will  continue to provide technical  assistance  to States in
the area of wellhead protection and will, in particular, provide outreach and support
efforts to those Indian tribes initiating  wellhead  protection  activities.   Section
1428 of SDWA requires  that States develop  a program  to protect wells  that  supply
public water systems from  contaminants which may  have an  adverse effect on  human
health.  Assisting  the  States in  how to  determine the parameters  of a  wellhead
protection area as well  as  providing technical  information on the wide  variety  of
approaches to wellhead protection are central to EPA's collaborative role  with the
States in protecting ground-water  resources  which serve as public water  supplies.
EPA will also  have the  responsibility  to assure that other Federal agencies  are
aware of and have the necessary  information to comply  with  the  States'  requirements
on wellhead protection activities,  if the States  choose to utilize the  authority  in
the Safe Drinking  Water Act (SDWA)  Amendments  of  1986.   In  addition, the  Agency
will  coordinate the transmittal  of mandated State reports on their wellhead protec-
tion efforts.

     Major emphasis will be placed  on  State ground-water protection strategies  in
1989.  In addition  to  implementing  their strategies.   States  will be  concurrently
                                       DW-38

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reviewing and  refining  their  current strategy  efforts  to  focus  on the  totality
of their ground-water protection and cleanup concerns.   The Agency will  issue
guidance on this  comprehensive approach and  will  provide technical  and  financial
assistance (through Clean Water  Act (CWA)  section 106 grants) to  enable  States to
determine clearly the protection measures needed  for  their ground-water  resources,
particularly in relation to the uses  of the resource.  This  comprehensive  strategy
will provide States  with flexibility in setting priorities  for  their ground-water
protection activities.

     EPA will   continue  working  to  incorporate the  classification guidelines  for
ground-water resources in  all  pertinent EPA  programs,  promoting this policy  with
States, and assisting States  in  the  development  and  application  of  their  own
classification systems.

     In 1989,   the Agency  will continue  both to  designate  Sole   Source  Aquifers
(SSAs) and to  review projects financially  assisted by the Federal  government which
may affect a designated SSA.


1988 Program

     In 1988,   the Agency is allocating  a  total  of $6,892,700  supported by  81.1
total workyears  for  this  program,  of  which  $3,692,700  is  for the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $3,200,000 Is for  the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance
appropriation.

     During 1988, the Agency will  direct activities toward  providing stateof-the-
art knowledge  and technological approaches   in  the area  of wellhead  protection.
States are looking to EPA  for  expert advice  and  consultation on the  methodologies
and approaches to the hydrogeologic and  other  assessments pertinent to the  delinea-
tion of  Wellhead Protection  Areas  (WHPAs),  a  key  feature of the  WHP  program.
Direct EPA  involvement  in  supporting States'  efforts  will  be augmented by  the
development and publication of  technical assistance documents on such  WHP  issues as
contingency planning  for  alternative sources  of  water  supplies,  assessing  and
managing risk  in WHPAs,  and identifying  arid controlling for sources of contaminants
in WHPAs.  Training  sessions  for State  and  Indian tribe officials,  initiated  in
1987, will continue and will be  expanded to include the  technical  aspects  of  well-
head protection.

     The issuance of the  ground-water  classification  guidelines  is an  important
step in achieving a  national focus  on ground-water  protection.   Final ground-water
classification guidelines will  be  issued in 1988  and  will be implemented  as Agency
policy.  The classification  system will be  incorporated into regulations,  guide-
lines and policy  statements  of all  Agency  programs with  ground-water elements  and
offers a consistent  approach  for determining ground-water protection and  cleanup
activities based  on  the  use, value,  and vulnerability  of the resource.   EPA  will
work with States  which have ground-water classification  systems to help  determine
the equivalence  of  the  State  systems to  EPA's  and the  application  of the  State
systems to Federal programs where appropriate, and will  assist interested  States in
establishing similar/equivalent systems.

     The Agency  is   continuing to  assist  States  in  developing and implementing
ground-water protection   strategies  in order  to  achieve  the goal   of every  State
having a completed and comprehensive  ground-water protection strategy in  place and
implementation in process by the end of  1988.

     In 1988,  the Agency  will  implement a ground-water repository  system  which  has
the capability to store, share,  and analyze data collected  by EPA, the States  and
private industry, on  the  quality  of  ground  water, as  well  as  to be linked  with
other ground water  related systems  such  USGS.   The  data-sharing  system,  part  of
                                       DW-39

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the Agency's  STORE!  system, will  be  used by  States  as well  as Agency  programs.
Related to this activity is an endeavor to develop common data standards,  formats,
and guidance  for  ground-water  data collection  and  storage  for  EPA programs  with
ground-water protection issues.

     The Agency will  continue to designate Sole Source Aquifers  (SSAs)  in  1988.   It
is estimated that the  number of designated SSAs will  increase to approximately  50
by the end of 1988.

     The Agency, in conjunction with the appropriate State  and  local  agencies,  will
also initiate a study to  identify existing and potential point and non-point sources
of pollution, as well  as possible  control measures, in the  Spokane-Rathdrum  Valley
Aquifer in Washington and Idaho.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total of  $5,621,100  supported by 61.7  total
workyears for this program, of which $2,887,600 was from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $2,733,500 was from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appro-
priation.

     In the 1986 SDWA Amendments,  Congress established a new program which  focuses
direct attention  on  ground-water   resources,  particularly those  which  serve  as
drinking water  supplies  for public water  systems.  The legislative intent  of  the
Wellhead Protection program is that it  be  a State-developed and  State-administered
program with the Federal  government providing major technical, assistance and support
for State efforts.   In fact,  EPA was directed to issue guidances to assist  States
in the program by June  1987.  Consequently, the Agency assembled workgroups composed
of EPA, State,  and local  representatives, as well as  other  experts  in  the field  of
wellhead protection,  to  focus  on  programmatic  and technical  aspects  of  wellhead
protection, including the delineation of wellhead protection areas  (WHPAs).   Guid-
ance on- the delineation of  WHPAs was  issued in  accordance with  its  statutory dead-
line and  has  been acknowledged  as a  significant  accomplishment in this new  and
emerging environmental  concern.   In addition, EPA issued  guidance  on the  overall
development of  a Wellhead  Protection  program.  These  two  documents  provided  the
framework for a national program to train  State, local  and  tribal officials  in the
WHP program during the summer of 1987.

     Also in  1987,  EPA implemented a  streamlined  process   for  reviewing  petitions
for the designation of Sole  Source Aquifers.   In 1987, the  Agency completed  review
and approval procedures on 10  of these  petitions.  Furthermore,  an  interim  rule  on
criteria for  identifying and  establishing  critical   aquifer  protection  areas  was
published in the  Federal  Register  in accordance with the   requirement  in the  SDWA
Amendments of 1986^

     In early 1987 the Agency  issued draft ground-water classification  guidelines
which are being established as Agency  policy.  EPA continued  to assist  States  in
their ground-water program efforts, including  the management of the  CWA sect ion*10fi
ground-water grants  for  the development and  implementation of  State  ground-water
protection strategies.   By the end of 1987, approximately 31 States  and Territories
had developed  and  adopted  strategies,  and  23  States/Territories  were in  varying
stages of completing their strategies.
                                      DW-40

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
                                1989  Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents
DRINKING WATER
    ENFORCEMENT
       Drinking Water  Enforcement.	 DW-42
                                    DW-41 •

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                                                             DRINKING WATER
                                                       Drinking Water Enforcement
                                                ACTUAL
                                                 1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988
        ENACTED
          1988
        CURRENT
       ESTIMATE
         1988
        REQUEST   INCREASE +
         1989     DECREASE -
                1989 VS 1988
               PROGRAM
                                                         (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                Drinking Water
                Enforcement
                 Salaries  4 Expenses
                                $2,530.3   $4,573.1   $3,558.6   $3,558.6   $3,777.9    $219.3
                        TOTAL   $2,530.3   $4,573.1   $3,558.6   $3,558.6   $3,777.9    $219.3
£
TOTAL:
 Salaries 4 Expenses

Drinking Water
Enforcement

PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                $2,530.3    $4,573.1    $3,558.6    $3,558.6   $3,777.9     $219.3

                                       TOTAL    $2,530.3    $4,573.1    $3,558.6    $3,558.6   $3,777.9     $219.3
                Drinking Water
                Enforcement

                TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS

                TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                    57.8
                                    57.8
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
84.4
84.4
90.7
90.7
6.3
6.3
                Drinking Water
                Enforcement
                                    62.9
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7
                TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                    62.9
90.7
90.7
90.7
90.7

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Enforcement

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                                   DRINKING WATER


                             Drinking Water Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $3,777,900  supported  by 90.7 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $219,300 from  1988.   All of the request is for the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     Drinking Water Enforcement— The  program ensures  that  the  nation's  Public
Water Systems(PWSs)and Underground  Injection  Control   (UIC)   owners/operators
comply with the provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in primacy as well
as non-primacy States  and on Indian Lands.   The  SDWA Amendments of 1986  call  for
EPA to develop more stringent standards and a host of  revised regulations  in  order
to protect public  health  and keep drinking water sources free  from  contamination.
The effects of the  revised regulations on the universe of public  water  systems are
difficult to ascertain;  however,  the  incidence  of non-compliance is expected  to
increase, particularly  among  small  systems  that have  limited  capabilities  and
resources to meet  the  requirements.  The drinking water  program has  therefore made
substantial revisions to  its compliance and implementation  strategy  to reduce non-
compliance and eventually eliminate  a  significant number  of PWS  violations.  The
program will also   implement  a mobilization  program which  includes support  from
other Federal agencies,  discussions  with concerned members of the  private  sector
(e.g.  insurance agencies), public interest groups,  and  professional  organizations
such as the American Water Works Association (AWWA).

     The definitions of  significant  non-compliers (SNCs)  in the PWS and  UIC pro-
grams have been  revised to allow  for a greater enforcement  presence  in cases  where
systems/wells posed the most serious threats  to human health and  the environment.
The PWS Supervision program  now incorporates chemical/radiological  violations  and
violations of compliance  schedules and the  UIC  program has  expanded its  definition
to include all  classes of injection wells.


DRINKING WATER ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $3,777,900  supported  by 90.7 total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of $219,300  which reflects increased  personnel, costs.

     1989 will  mark an active  year for enforcement actions  due to the need to  en-
sure compliance with new  standards and monitoring requirements, and  provisions  for
unregulated contaminant monitoring established in the 1986  Amendments.

     Headquarters will  help  establish  the  criterion  for  "high risk" contaminant
problems and support actions taken against Class  V wells that have been  identified
as threatening to  underground  sources  of drinking water  (USDW).   In addition,  the
program will continue to  oversee  the progress of  civil enforcement cases including
review of  Regional  enforcement referral  documents and  case  files,  and  monitoring
the progress of cases at the Department of Justice (DOJ)  to ensure resolution  after
referral.  The review  of these cases  will  be facilitated  through  the  use of  the
Administrative Order (AO) compliance tracking system which  will monitor  the  status
of Notices of  Violation   (NOVs),  AOs .and the corresponding activities   related  to
enforcement actions.   This   tracking   system  will  provide  Headquarters  with  an
                                        DW-43

-------
accurate Inventory of cases, allow for a more consistent and documented Information
exchange between the  Regions  and Headquarters, and provide  information  for  appro-
priate follow-up activities once enforcement actions are initiated.

     The Regional offices will focus their resources to help systems in non-primacy
States and Indian  lands  adapt to the host of new requirements and  keep  additional
non-compliance rates  to  a minimum.   These  efforts  will include  the  use of  NOVs,
compliance orders, and civil  referrals to DOJ  for more  serious maximum contaminant
level (MCL)  violations.   The  programs will  provide  support for  cases  prepared  by
Regional Counsels and coordinate with other offices  to present accurate and  verifi-
able compliance information when  necessary.  An area of increased emphasis for the
Regions will  be to  follow through to  ensure  that States take appropriate action  to
bring the  SNCs  into  compliance,  to avoid  Regional  enforcement actions  against
violators.

     Class I  UIC wells (waste disposal injections) will  require increased attention
in 1989 because of  the continuing need  to issue and reissue permits and  because  of
the new monitoring regulation.  Failure to apply for a permit, test for well mechan-
ical Integrity, or  provide  monitoring reports will  provide  sufficient  grounds for
Regional enforcement actions.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total of $3,558,600  supported by  90.7
total workyears for this  program,  all of which  is  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     A number  of  statutory  requirements take  effect in 1988 which are  requiring
the enforcement  of public  notification  procedures,  volatile organic  contaminant
(VOC) monitoring requirements, and monitoring for unregulated contaminants.

     The Regional programs continue  to  issue AOs against violators of PUS and UIC
program requirements to achieve  compliance  with regulations  and  standards  set  by
the Agency.  The issuance of  AOs is the cornerstone  of the  enforcement  program  in
establishing a Federal presence which will  help minimize the number of  violations
EPA must address.

     While attention is directed toward  the SNCs, a  thorough coverage  of all  viola-
tions is necessary.   The Regional offices are concentrating on  reducing the  rate
of non-compliance  using  their  resources  in the most  efficient  way possible and
using experience gained in  1987 to  initiate  enforcement actions  quickly and  appro-
priately.

     The implementation and utilization  of  the  AO  tracking  system  will help the
program maintain a  current  inventory of  the actions under  enforcement  considera-
tions.  The tracking  system also  helps  to determine the status of the actions and
the level of  involvement needed by the Agency.  The Regions are Involved in assisting
Regional Counsels with documentation concerning violations which  require additional
and more stringent  enforcement  actions  and participating in  activities  related  to
civil enforcement referrals  to the DOJ.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a total   of $2,530,300  supported by  62.9  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which was  from the Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation.

     Numerous  Administrative  Orders were issued in this first year of  commitment
to reduce the universe of MCL violations.  A number of  achievements have  contribu-
ted to the Importance of the  enforcement  program Including  a precedent-setting  AO
                                       DU-44

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which required the  abandonment of  1,388  wells and a  series of AOs  with Pennzoll
Corporation to plug and abandon  certain  oil  and gas  production  wells.  The  PWS
program Issued 184 enforcement actions against violators while the UIC program Issued
107.  The UIC program also produced the first successful criminal  prosecution under
the SDWA  which  received wide publicity  for  the conviction  of a  well  owner  who
falsified test results.

     1987 also marked  the  Initiation  of  the timely and  appropriate determination
for States.  The  provisions   of  this Initiative  set  out  a tlmeframe  and several
enforcement actions-which States  should use to promote compliance  among the water
systems within their jurisdiction.  Appropriate actions were defined 1n four cate-
gories:  1)  State  Issuance   of  an  Administrative Order,  2)  referral  to  State
Attorney General,  3)  filing  of  a  criminal  case, or  4)  establishing  a bilateral
agreement between the State and the  violator which  Includes a compliance schedule.
In the one-year period ending 1n March, 1986 there were over 1400 SNCs. Nine months
later the  States  had addressed  482 of these.   For the  period ending  August  30,
1986, the States had taken  action on 357 of the 1,245  SNCs.

     Statistics reflecting the efficiency  of  the timely  and  appropriate actions
were encouraging, with 34% of  all SNC systems resolved  within the allowed tlmeframe.
The states themselves were active 1n enforcement, taking a total of 313 enforcement
actions in 1987.
                                       DW-45

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HAZARDOUS WASTE

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989  Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of  Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE                                                            HW-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Waste Research	 HW-R
          Scientlf 1 c Assessment	HW-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality  Assurance	HW-15
          Health Effects	HW-16
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	 H4-17
          Environmental Processes and  Effects	HW-18
          Integrated Hazardous Waste Research	HW-19
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines  and  Policies	HW-21
          Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Hazardous  Waste	HW-25
          RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air &  Radiation	HW-27
          RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water	 HW-27
          Regulations, Guidelines & Policies - Underground  Storage Tanks... HW-30
       F1 nanci al Assi stance	HW-32
          Hazardous Waste Management Financial Assistance to States........ HW-33
          Hazardous Waste Initiative Grants....	HW-35
          Underground Storage Tanks State Grants	HW-36
       Waste Management Strategies Implementation	 HW-37
          Hazardous Waste Management Regulatory  Strategies  Implementation.. HW-39
       Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know -  Title III	 HW 42
    ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Waste Enforcement	 HW-45
                                       HW-1

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APPROPRIATION
                                             HAZARDOUS WASTE
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research 4 Development

TOTAL, Hazardous Waste
 $66,980.7  $74,312.4  $72,737.0  $72,737.0  $73,769.6  $1,032.6
$154,240.8 $149,255.8 $159,968.0 $155,976.9 $161,493.8  $5,516.9

 $35,179.5  $30,737.2  $30,121.2  $30,391.2  $27,164.2 -$3,227.0

$256,401.0 $254,305.4 $262,826.2 $259,105.1 $262,427.6  $3,322.5
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
   1,360.9    1,374.1     1,415.8    1,386.2    1,402.9      16.7
   1,413.2    1,485.4    1,415.8    1,492.9    1,492.9
$251,921.7 $241,089.1  $226,907.9 $243,412.2 $251,030.4  $7,618.2
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 reauthorized this
program at a level  of $249,529,000 for 1988.  Reauthorlzatlon for
1989 1s pending.

-------
                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The Solid  Waste Disposal  Act as  amended  by  the  Resource  Conservation  and
Recovery Act (RCRA)  of  1976, and  the Hazardous  and Solid Waste  Amendments  (HSWA)
of 1984, provides  the legislative  mandate for a nationwide  program to  safely  and
effectively manage hazardous wastes from generation through disposal.

     This mandate  can  be achieved  by developing and implementing a program  that:
establishes regulatory  priorities  by assessing  the  risk of  different  hazardous
waste management  activities;  permits facilities that provide  safe  capacity;  and
closes those facilities that  cannot  operate  in accordance with  regulatory require-
ments.  A  highly  visible compliance monitoring  program,  supported  by  timely  and
appropriate  enforcement   action  against violators,  will  provide the  credible
deterrence that  is  needed  to meet this  mandate.   Informing the public of  these
risk trade-offs will  build an  educated constituency that will  be better able to
understand and participate in the regulatory decision-making  process.

     Although the Agency has made substantial progress towards, the major milestones
established by  HSWA,  mucti yet  remains  to be  accomplished to  ensure  that  current
and future waste  management  practices are, and continue  to be,  protective of  human
health and the environment.

     A significant portion  of the hazardous waste  universe  is not yet adequately
defined or  regulated.   As  additional  handlers  become   regulated  through  HSWA,
environmental contamination  at many active,  closed  and underground   storage  tank
(LIST) facilities  must  be  addressed  through  permitting  and  corrective action
requirements.  Regulations  must be  develope'1 with increased  emphasis  on  imple-
mentation and  enforcement,  and  State   permitting  and  enforcement   capabilities
must be augmented.

     To address these areas,  the Agency has developed a  strategy that encompasses
six major  objectives.   These  are  to:   (1)  implement  strong  State programs;  (2)
emphasize permitting  of  hazardous  waste  facilities;   (3)  strengthen  compliance
monitoring and  enforcement;  (4)  develop new regulations  and significantly improve
existing regulations;  (5)  develop and  implement a  regulatory  program  for  under-
ground  storage  tanks;  and  (6)  conduct  research  and  development   to  support
regulatory programs.

Implement Strong State Programs

     Effective  national   management of  hazardous wastes  is  dependent  on  a  strong
partnership  between  the  States  and  the  Federal goverm«nt.  An important pre-
requisite to that  relationship  is  States'  assumption of authorization  for the HSWA
provisions.  To encourage HSWA authorization, EPA will work closely with the States
to determine  which  State  legislative  and  regulatory  modifications are  necessary
for States to  achieve  equivalence with  the Federal  program.  The States will  con-
tinue to modify their authorities  to  incorporate the relevant  HSWA provisions into
their programs.

     EPA will  assist the States  in  upgrading  their  programs  to  meet new  and
modified Federal  standards  and  by  continuing  to  provide  technical   assistance,
training, guidance,  and financial  support.  The Agency and the States  will continue
to operate  within  the  Interim National Criteria,  which  defines  key   factors  and
performance expectations  for managing  and  evaluating  the RCRA program.   EPA will
continue to  manage  and  evaluate  the  State  grant process  and to coordinate  the
transition to  the  new RCRA information management system.
                                        HW-3

-------
Emphasize Permitting of Hazardous Waste Facilities

     Permitting activities  are  significantly  affected  by HSWA  —  permits  must
Incorporate applicable  HSWA provisions  —  resulting  1n  a  more  extensive  and
complex permitting  program  at  both  the State  and  Federal  levels.   Requirements
such as double liners, corrective action for prior  releases,  exposure assessments,
and land  disposal   restriction  provisions  entail  more  extensive effort  on  each
permit, particularly  regarding  corrective  action  of  releases  from  solid  waste
management units.

     In addition, permit modifications will  become Increasingly Important,  complex,
and numerous  as  these  new  requirements  go  Into  effect,  as  corrective  action
requirements are  further defined,  and  as  facilities  modify their  processes  to
minimize waste or expand their  capacity.

     The Agency and the States  will  continue to  jointly process  and Issue  permits,
with States preparing those  portions  of RCRA permits for which they  are authorized,
and EPA  preparing those  portions of  the  permits  for which  States  are  not  yet
authorized.  The  major  permitting objectives  Include  meeting the  November  1988
deadline for  permitting land  disposal  facilities  and  meeting the  November  1989
deadline for permitting Incineration  facilities.

Strengthen Enforcement,  Corrective Action and Compliance Monitoring

     The Agency will  develop enforcement strategies  for  new  regulations,   such as
corrective action and new waste listings,  and  complete strategies  for cross-media
concerns, such as air emissions from RCRA facilities and municipal  waste  combus-
tion.  The Agency will provide  training and  technical  assistance  to  the Regions and
States for these new requirements, with particular emphasis  in policy  or precedent-
setting areas,  such as  the new  land disposal  restriction  or  corrective  action
requirements.

     Corrective action  activities at  operating  and  environmentally  significant
closing facilities will be  expanded.   Facilities requiring corrective  action  will
be addressed  through  the  most  appropriate  RCRA authority  or through  the use  of
Superfund enforcement and program authorities  In  selected  Instances.  The  Agency
will continue  to  seek the owner/operators'  cooperation in determining the  nature
and extent of contamination and in developing  corrective action  alternatives  that
reduce  the  potential  for   cleanup   under  Superfund,   and  to  provide effective
oversight for actions initiated.

     As required  by  policy  and statute, the Agency  will  continue to  inspect  land
disposal and  treatment  and   storage  facilities  to review  their compliance  with
existing requirements,  as well  as  new permit,  closure,  and  corrective  action
requirements.  In addition,  significant generators will  be   Inspected to  ensure
compliance with the  new land ban regulations.   Commercial facilities will   also be
Inspected to ensure that off-site Superfund wastes  will  be managed In  an  environ-
mentally safe  manner.  Program  reviews, oversight  Inspections,  and  enforcement
actions will   be  conducted in  States when appropriate.  The  Agency  will  tie  its
enforcement efforts  to  those   facilities that  are  deemed high-priority violators
due to the type, the severity,  and/or the frequency of  violation  and  will  initiate
enforcement action in a  timely  and appropriate manner.

Develop New and Revise Existing Regulations

     The Agency will develop new regulations and  revise  its  existing  regulations in
order to maintain the protective integrity of the regulatory  program  in a  dynamic,
constantly changing  national marketplace.   Major emphasis  will   focus on  further
definition of the hazardous  waste universe,  predicated on a risk-based approach to
determining what should or  should not  fall  into various categories of regulation.
Development of  clear national   standards  for  a  strong  State-implemented  solid


                                        HW-4

-------
(non-hazardous)  waste  management  program  will  ensure  that  public  health... 1s
protected 1n  this Important  emerging area.   The  Agency  will  promulgate  several
major mandated regulations Including rules requiring corrective action for releases
of hazardous constituents from solid waste management units,  location standards for
new and  existing  hazardous waste  facilities,  and  rules banning  land disposal  of
untreated hazardous wastes for the second Third of  listed wastes.

     The Agency will  enhance its efforts to address emerging  solid waste  management
(Subtitle D)  Issues  by  serving as a  national technical  clearinghouse  for  solid
waste Information, research,  options,  and guidelines.  The Agency will  promulgate
revised criteria and develop guidance  for municipal  solid  waste landfills,  collect
Information on  Industrial   Subtitle  D  units  and   assist  the  States,  which  are
responsible for  Implementing  solid  waste  management  programs.   Work  will  also
continue on  municipal  waste   combustion  ash,  Including  conducting analyses  and
Issuing guidance on ash management.

     The Agency will  continue development of  a risk-based decision-making  system
that will  serve  as a  basis  for  future regulation  and policy development.   This
system will  take  Into account site-specific  and  other unique considerations  to
capture those wastes  that are  potentially  hazardous and  exclude  wastes that  are
not.  Management standards will be reviewed  to ensure a continuum of control  that
matches the  degree  of hazard  posed  by a  waste to  the stringency  of regulations
governing management  of   that waste.   Activities   toward  this  end  will  Include
revising hazardous  waste  lists  based on  concentration  of  toxic   constituents.

Develop and Implement the UST Program                            .

     With the promulgation of the financial  responsibility  regulation for hazardous
substance tanks in 1989, all major Federal regulations  will  be in  place.  However,
regulatory  efforts  will  still  be  required in the area  of used  oil tanks,  bulk
storage tanks, and a variety of individual  sumps and reservoirs.

     The Agency's objective  1s to encourage  and support continual improvements  in
State UST  programs.   The  thrust   of  the  program  will  center  on  implementation
of the prevention program by the  States.  The Agency will  review and approve  State
program applications.   The  Agency will assist  States  in developing  State  program
legislation, and alternative  program  funding mechanisms.  In addition,  the  Agency
will  work  together   with  the  States  to explore  State trust funds  to  provide
financial assurance in the absence of commercially  available  Insurance.

     The Agency will continue  to  provide practical   support to the  States and local
governments, which are the implementors of this program. Technical studies  in such
areas as release  detection and corrective  action  will  continue.  The  results  of
these studies will be widely distributed in non-technical formats  such as brochures
and videotapes.  The Agency will  provide  training  and technical assistance  to  the
States to  assist  them  in their outreach  to  the more than 3,000 counties and  the
regulated community.

Conduct  Research  and  Development  to  Support Hazardous  Waste Regulatory  Program

     The Research and  Development program  will develop scientific   and technical
information to support hazardous  waste regulatory development  and implementation.
Major thrusts  include continued  development  of  analytical  methods  to  identify
hazardous wastes  and   improved  methods for  monitoring  of  groundwater.   Areas  of
continued research effort include:  studies of  contaminant behavior  in groundwater
to allow  for  improved  evaluation  approaches;  identification and  evaluation  of
alternatives to conventional  means of disposing and destroying wastes;  evaluation
of controls  for emissions  from municipal waste combustors; and  engineering  studies
to improve  design, installation,  corrective  action and leak.detection methods  for
underground storage tanks.   Work  will  continue  on  waste minimization and  risk
assessments to  support  listing  and waste-banning decisions.   A  risk  assessment
methodology for municipal waste combustors will be  completed.


                                        HW-5

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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
          Budget    Current
Actual   Estimate   Estimate   Request
 1987      1988       1988      1989
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1989 vs 1988
Regulations

RCRA Standards*	     28       39        46        44

Proposals	.	     19       14        27        22
Promulgations.	      9       25        19        22

Listings/Variances	    104      302       114       162

Listings	      3       12         9         7
Dell sting Petition
 Review	     95       95        25        25
Case-by-Case Extensions	      5       40        20        10
BOAT Variance Review	      0       75         5         5
No Migration Petitions......      1       80        30        50
UIC Petition Reviews	      *       **        25        65

Implementation

Guidances		     31       27        45        29
Reports to Congress	      3362

State Authorizations:
     Base Program	     42       49        44        47
     Non-HSWA Cluster 1	      4       **        33         9
     Non-HSWA Cluster II	      1       **        37        10
     Non-HSWA Cluster III...      1       **        10        21
     HSWA Cluster 1	      2       **         8        22

Final Permit:
     Determinations	    722      971       637       583
     (cumulative)	  2,757    3,836     3,394     3,977

UIC Permit Revisions              *       **        50       150

Enforcement and Corrective Actions

Inspections	 12,867   13,250    12,352    12,370
Administrative Orders	  1,386    1,700     1,595     1,641
Civil Litigation	    169      324       246       248
Criminal Litigation	     73      117       109       109

Corrective Action
 Facility Assessments	    467      605       231       117

Monitoring of Corrective
 Action Activities	     73       **       248       336

POTW Corrective Measures....      *       **        15       105
                                              -5
                                              +3

                                             +48

                                              -2


                                             -10

                                             +20
                                             +40
                                             -16
                                              -4
                                              +3
                                             -24
                                             -27
                                             +11
                                             +14
                                             -54
                                            +583

                                            +100
                                             +18
                                             +46
                                              +2
                                            -114


                                             +88

                                             +90
+OutputsFortReOfficeo?Water's  Hazardous  Waste  Regulatory  Development
   Activities are not included
*  Not reported in 1987
** Not reported in 1988
                                        HW-6

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                          ENVIROMMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Waste Research..	... HW-8
          Scientif 1 c Assessment	 HW-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	HW-15
          He alIt h E f f ect s	HW-16
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	 HW-17
          Environmental Processes and Effects	HW-18
          Integrated Hazardous Waste Research	HW-19
                                      HW-7

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                                                   HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                               Hazardous Waste Research

                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                        1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                   1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
      PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
i
oo
      Scientific Assessment -
      Hazardous Waste
       Salaries & Expenses
       Research A Development
                              TOTAL
      Monitoring  Systems &
      Quality Assurance -
      Hazardous Waste
        Salaries & Expenses
        Research & Development
TOTAL
       Health  Effects  -
       Hazardous Waste
        Salaries &  Expenses
        Research 4  Development
                               TOTAL
       Environmental
       Engineering 4
       Technology - Hazardous
       Waste
        Salaries & Expenses
        Research & Development
                               TOTAL
       Environmental  Processes
       & Effects - Hazardous
       Waste
        Salaries & Expenses
        Research & Development
                               TOTAL
$1,183.7
$2,808.1
$3,991.8
$3,972.4
$10,261.7
$14,234.1
$646.4
$1,805.8
$2,452.2
$5,302.6
$11,703.5
$17,006.1
$3,538.7
$6,100.4
$9,639.1
$1,343.7
$2,990.4
$4,334.1
$4,227.3
$10,058.4
$14,285.7
$713.6
$1,908.5
$2,622.1
$5,711.6
$10,153.9
$15,865.5
$3,451.7
$5,626.0
$9,077.7
$1,276.7
$2,443.9
$3,720.6
$3,994.8
$9,390.4
$13,385.2
$682.2
$964.0
$1,646.2
$5,157.3
$9,850.9
$15,008.2
$3,209.8
$4,672.0
$7,881.8
$1,276.7
$2,443.9
$3,720,6
$3,994.8
$9,274.8
$13,269.6
$682.2
$950.2
$1.632.4
$5,157.3
$10,322.6
$15,479.9
$3,209.8
$4,599.7
$7,809.5
$1.304.7
$2.443.9
$3,748.6
$4,082.3
$9,274.8
$13,357.1
$697.1
$950.2
$1.647.3
$4.810.7
$10.011.7
$14.822.4
$3.280.1
$4.483.6
$7,763.7
$28.0
$28.0
$87.5
$87.5
$14.9
$14.9
-$346.6
-$310.9
-$657.5
$70.3
-$116.1
-$45.8

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    Research
and Development

-------
                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE


                              Hazardous Waste Research


                           Principal Outputs by Objective


Objective 1;  Develop Data to Support the Use of Alternate Technologies

1989;  c  Technical Resource Document on the  minimization and  control  of hazardous
          waste combustion by-products (Engineering)
       0  Waste Minimization Audits Guidance Manual (Engineering)
       0  Summary  of performance  of  existing  treatment systems  for  control  of
          hazardous wastes banned from land disposal (Engineering)

1988;  *  Report on  evaluation  of Innovative technology  for the treatment of haz-
          ardous waste streams (Engineering)
       *  Report on emerging chemical and biological treatment methods for halogen-
          ated aromatic chemical waste streams (Engineering)

1987;  °  Technical Resource Document for metals/cyanides, corrosives, and halogen-
          ated organ1cs (Engineering)
       *  Report on decontamination of PCB-bearing sediments (Engineering)


Objective 2:  Develop and Evaluate Tests and Procedures for Conducting Risk Assess-
ments

1989:  e  Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sc1. Assessment)
       8  Uncertainty  analysis  In  model   selection  criteria  (Sci.  Assessment)
       0  Field validation of  solute transport model for  prediction  of waste con-
          centrations in groundwater (Envir. Processes)
       e  Report on  hydrolysis  rate constants  for  enhancing property-reactivity
          correlations (Envir. Processes)

1988;     Health and Environmental Effects Documents (Sc1. Assessments)
          Risk Assessment Field Guide for RCRA (Sci. Assessment)
          User's Manual  for  Metals-Speciation Model  (MINTEQ)   (  Envir. Processes)

1987:     Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (Sci. Assessment)
          Report on  organic  multimedia human  exposure  model  (Envir.  Processes)


Objective 3;  Conduct  the  Assessment  and  Control Research Necessary  to Address
Pioxin

1989:  °  Report on plant uptake of dioxin  (Envir. Processes)

1988;  °  Impact of pharmacokinetics  on  2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure  and risk assessments
          (Sci. Assessment)
       c  Final Report  on pharmacokinetics and  immunotoxicity of  2,3,7,8-TCDD  in
          rhesus monkeys (Sci. Assessment)
       0  Report on ingestion of soil by children (Sci. Assessment)
       °  Photodegradation  evaluation  of  dioxins  in  soils   (Envir.  Processes)

1987:  °  Final Report  on  vapor-phase photolysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Sci. Assessment)
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Objective 4;  Develop  Procedures  to  Identify  and  Measure  Chemicals in  Wastes

1989;  °   Evaluation  of  the proximity  of  Subtitle-D  sites  to  wet  environments
          (Monitoring)
       0  Development  of   automated   expert  systems  for   determining   location
          standards for  Subtitle-D  facilities  in  wet  environments  (Monitoring)

1988;  e  Guidance Document for determining monitoring methods for Subtitle-D sites
          in or near wet environments (Monitoring)

1987:  °  Report on hazardous waste  generator  data  and  characteristics of sanitary
          landfills in Florida (Monitoring)


Objective 5;  Develop  Data  to Support Implementation of  Land Disposal Regulations

1989:  "  Guidance Document for landfills (Envir. Engineering)
       0  Guidance Document for surface impoundments (Envir.  Engineering)

1988:  e   Expert  System  for evaluating  RCRA closure  plans  (Envir.  Engineering)

1987;  °   Technical   Resource  Document:    Design,  construction and  evaluation  of
          clay liners for waste management facilities (Envir. Engineering)


Objective 6:  Develop Data to Support Implementation of the   Incineration  Regula-
tions

1989;  *  Detailed  methodology-risk  assessment  for incinerators  (Sci. Assessment)
       c  Best Practices  Manual  for hazardous waste destruction in  high tempera-
          ture industrial  processes (Envir. Engineering)

1988:  °  Report  on  Vermont  model  incinerator/resource recovery facility assess-
          ment (Sci. Assessment)

1987;  °  Interim report on assessment of  health risks  associated with exposure to
          municipal waste combustion emissions (Sci. Assessment)


Objective 7;  Provide  Quality  Assurance  Support  to the   Hazardous   Waste Program

1989;  e  Provide quality  control  samples  for RCRA Appendix  VIII chemicals (Moni-
          toring)

1988;  *  Annual  Report  on quality control  samples program  for  RCRA (Monitoring)

1987;  *  Annual  Report  on quality control  samples program  for  RCRA (Monitoring)


Objective 8:  Develop  Procedures  to  Prevent  and   Contain  Hazardous   Releases

1989:  *   Report  on  the  evaluation of  automatic   product monitoring devices  for
          underground storage tanks (Envir. Engineering)

1988:  °  Report  on  results  of  long-term  monitoring program at three  UST  sites
          (Monitoring)

1987;  *   Report  on  available  methods  for  detecting underground   storage  tank
          leaks (Monitoring)
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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE


                              Hazardous Waste Research


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $41,339,100  supported  by 222.8 total  workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $3,372,900 and a decrease of 8.1 total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $14,174,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$27,164,200 will be  for the  Research  and Development appropriation,  decreases  of
$145,900 and $3,227,000 respectively.

Program Description

     The Resource  Conservation and  Recovery  Act  (RCRA)  authorizes  a  regulatory
program to  identify  and manage  wastes which  pose a  substantial  hazard to  human
health or  the  environment.   The Act  also requires  the promulgation  of  standards
related to  Underground  Storage Tank  systems  for  both  chemicals  and  petroleum
products.  Research pursued  in  this  program  provides the  scientific and  engineer-
ing basis  for  characterizing  wastes,  determining the  hazards  they  pose, and formu-
lating controls.   Section  311  of  the Clean  Water Act  also  mandates some  of  the
research conducted under this program, specifically the hazardous materials  release
efforts.  This  program  provides  for  research in conjunction  with  private Industry
to develop the  scientific  data necessary for  preventing,  controlling, cleaning up
and disposing of hazardous material releases.

     Objective  1:  Develop  Data  to  Support the Use of Alternative  Technologies.
This research  supports  implementation of  RCRA provisions  that  require the  banning
of high hazard  wastes  from land disposal.   The  effectiveness  of  treatment alter-
natives and waste  altering processes  is  being evaluated and performance parameters
established.

     Objective  2;  Develop and  Evaluate Tests  and Procedures for  Conducting Risk
Assessments.This research will develop  risk assessment methodologies, as  well as
actual risk assessments  for  use by decisionmakers  regarding  the listing/deli sting
of wastes and  evaluation of  exposure  information contained 1n permit applications.

     Objective  3;  Conduct the Assessment and Control  Research Necessary to  Address
010X1117  This  research  evaluates the  potential  for human  risk  from  dioxin in  the
environment.  Research  supporting  this objective  is intended  to  help the Agency
assess and monitor the  dioxin  contamination   problem  and  begin  implementing proce-
dures for addressing it.

     Objective  4:  Develop Procedures  to Identify and Measure Chemicals  1n  Wastes.
This research develops  and  validates  the analytical  procedures  and  techniques  re-
quired to characterize wastes for Sections 3001 and 3013 of RCRA.  These procedures
and techniques  are  used for  listing  and  other  regulatory  decisions made  by  the
Office of Solid Waste.

     Objective  5';  Develop  Data to Support  Implementation  of  the Land   Disposal
Regulations.This research effort  provides support for permitting  of land disposal
and land treatment  facilities as  required  by Section  3005  of RCRA.  Support  is
also provided for land disposal closure requirements.

     Objective  6:   Develop  Data  to   Support  Implementation  of the Incineration
Regulations.Thisresearch  evaluates  laboratory,  pilot  and full-scale units  to
obtain performance data on  a   range  of thermal  treatment devices.   In  addition,
municipal waste combustion  processes  are evaluated.   Results are used by  permit-
ting officials  to  evaluate  permit requests  and  to  monitor  for  compliance  with
performance requirements.
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     Objective 7:  Provide Quality Assurance  Support to the  Hazardous  Waste Pro-
gram.This  activity  provides a  quality  assurance program to ensure  a scientific
data base of known quality exist to support RCRA regulatory activities.  The program
Includes a  repository of  calibration standards,  reference materials  and  on-s1te
evaluations of contractor laboratories.

     Objective 8:  Develop Procedures to Prevent  and Contain  Hazardous  Releases.
This research addresses  requirements  established  by the Clean- Water Act (CWA) §311
and RCRA's  Underground  Storage  Tank  (UST)  program.   Research  assesses the  most
cost-effective technology  and  scientific  techniques  available  to  prevent  and
control releases of hazardous substances.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total   of  $3,748,600  supported by 23.1  total  workyears
for this program, of  which  $1,304,700 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $2,443,900  will  be   for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase  of $28,000 1n the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation
and no change in  the  Research and Development appropriation  or in total workyears.
The Increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general  enhance-
ment of inhouse support  for scientific assessment activities.

     Develop and Evaluate  Tests and  Procedures for  Conducting Risk  Assessments.
Health and environmentaleffects  documents,  reference doses,  and technicalevalua-
tlons will be  provided to support the  RCRA listing, permitting  and land  disposal
restriction programs.   A methodology  for incorporating  biomarkers  data  on  dose
and effects Into risk assessments will be developed.

     Conduct the Assessment  and  Control   Research  Necessary to  Address   Dloxin.
Research questions identified in the  1987 review of earlier dioxin risk assessments
will be investigated.  Topics under consideration include additional work on reduc-
ing exposure uncertainties,  evaluation  of  the extent of  dioxin  uptake, and  deter-
mining the mechanism of dioxin Interaction with target organs.

     Develop Data to  Support  Implementation of the  Incineration  Regulations.  A
comprehensive risk assessment methodology  for evaluating  health  risks from munTci-
pal waste incineration will be completed.   This methodology will  ensure consistency
among existing approaches to assessing potential  risks from incineration.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency 1s  allocating  a total  of  $3,720,600  supported  by  23.1
total workyears for  this program,  of which  $1,276,700 is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $2,443,900 is  from the  Research  and  Development  appro-
priation.  In 1988, the  program 1s  emphasizing  production of health  and  environ-
mental  effects  documents for  the 11 sting/deli sting  programs  and  reference  doses
for the land disposal  restriction  program.  Work 1s continuing on the determination
of patterns  of  soil  ingestion in  children  for use 1n  exposure  assessments,  and a
comprehensive risk assessment methodology  to be  used  in evaluating  risks  from
municipal incineration is  being developed  to permit assessment  of  potential  risks
from this disposal practice.   The program  will  continue its assessment  of  a  model
municipal waste combustor which was initiated during 1987.
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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $3,991,800 supported  by  22.3 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,183,700  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $2,808,100  was  from the Research  and  Development appropriation.
The 1987 program emphasized  preparation  of health and environmental  effects docu-
ments, reference  doses,  and  carcinogen!city profiles.   Six exposure  Information
reports were reviewed and  assistance  on  health/exposure  assessment  was provided to
workgroups and the permit assistance  team.   An  assessment  of  a  model  municipal
waste combustor was Initiated.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $13,357,100 supported by 47.8  total  workyears
for this program,  of which $4,082,300  will  be for the Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation and $9,274,800  will  be  for the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an Increase  of $87,500 1n the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation
and no change  in the Research and  Development appropriation  or  in total  workyears.
The increase 1n the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of  inhouse  support  to   evaluate  methods to analyze  hazardous  chemicals  in
wastes.

     Develop  Procedures  to  Identify and Measure Chemicals 1n Wastes.  Research 1n
this program will provide validation of analytical methods and fill  gaps  or replace
SW-846 methods that  show  deficiencies  in  accuracy,  precision or repeatability.
These SW-846 methods  are  used  to determine  the chemical  composition of  wastes,
detect trace  levels   of  toxic constituents, and   rapidly   screen for  hazardous
constituents.  Automated methods  for subsurface  monitoring  will be  developed  and
evaluated for their  ability  to detect and track waste  plume migration  toward  and
into groundwater.  An expert  system will be developed for  use  in evaluating Subtitle-
0 facility locations.  Remote sensing  will  be provided  to assist  permit writers.
New monitoring methods  will   be developed  for Incinerator emissions,  biodegraded/
chemically altered components  of landfill leachates,  and subsurface monitoring  for
soil gases.

     Provide Quality Assurance Support to the Hazardous Waste Program.  Samples  and
reference materials67wasteswillBefurnishedto laboratories  to  standardize
monitoring methods and  for calibration of RCRA analytical techniques.

     Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous  Releases.  Remote  sensing
will be  provided  to the  Regionsfor  monitoring  spills  and  spill threats  under
emergency conditions in support of §311  of the  Clean Water Act.  In addition, leak
monitoring methods outside underground  storage tanks will be evaluated  in support
of leak prevention and  corrective  action.  This activity  will include  evaluation of
leak monitoring methods  to establish which  existing instrumentation meets estab-
lished performance criteria.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $13,269,600 supported  by 47.8
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $3,994,800  is  from the   Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $9,274,800  is  from the Research  and  Development appro-
priation.  Resources in  1988 are  supporting  RCRA requirements  to  determine waste
composition, to  detect  levels  of toxic  constituents in  groundwater and  in  the
air, and to characterize hazardous constituents through the evaluation, validation,
and development of new protocols  and  methods for SW-R46.   Monitoring methods  are
being evaluated and developed for  use at Subtitle-D  landfills  in wet environments
and fractured  zones.   Aerial  photography is  also being  provided to  assist in  the
                                          HW-15

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assessment and mitigation of spills from facilities engaged In production, storage,
processing, and  distribution   of  hazardous  materials.   Performance  criteria  for
evaluating leak  monitoring  methods are being established  and available techniques
for conducting external  leak  monitoring  from  underground storage tanks  are  being
evaluated.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total of $14,234,100 supported  by 51.3 total
workyears for this program, of which  $3,972,400  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $10,261,700 was  from the Research  and Development  appropriation.
During 1987,  monitoring  methods  to  detect hazardous constituents in  groundwater,
air, and  soils  were developed,  evaluated, and  validated.   Generic methods  for
analysis of compounds  containing  hazardous constituents  were developed.   Advanced
analytical methods  for waste  detection  were under  development.  Biological  pro-
cedures were  evaluated  as  possible  analytical  screening  techniques.   Over 40,000
quality control  check  samples and more than  25,000 organic  calibration  standards
were distributed to RCRA'laboratoMes.  All contractor laboratories were evaluated.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total   of  $1,647,300  supported by  12.0 total  workyears
for this program, of which $697,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $950,200 will  be  for  the Research  and Development  appropriation.  This rep-
resents an  increase  of $14,900 in the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation and  no
change in the  Research  and  Development appropriation'or  total workyears.   The in-
crease in the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation reflects  a general  enhancement
of inhouse support for this program.

     Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration  Regulations.   This
research willprovide  methods  and health  effects  data on  municipal  and  hazardous
waste combustion emissions and residual complex mixtures to assist in the assessment
of potential human health risks.   Combustion control technologies  will  be assessed
using biological  potency methods to evaluate comparative hazard potential.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $1,632,400  supported .by  12.0
total workyears for this program, of which $682,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $950,200  1s  from  the   Research  and Development  appropriation.
This research  is assessing the  potential  for  health  effects from air  emissions
and residues from incinerators using various bioassay procedures.  Health endpoints
being considered include genotoxidty, pulmonary toxicology, and  other major target
organ effects.   The  1988 health  effects  program  reflects a  substantial  resource
reduction from the  1987  level  because of  a shift  from the development  of toxlcity
screens for hazardous  waste characterization to  support  for  a  systematic  program
to reduce the  uncertainty in  risk assessments and to  support  a  program focused  on
health effects associated with waste incineration.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total of  $2,452,200 supported by  12.2  total
workyears for this  program,  of which $646,400  was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,805,800  was  from the Research  and Development  appropriation.
A screening protocol for  waste toxicity  was  completed and  an Incineration health
effects program was initiated with the mutagenicity testing completed on 15 samples
from 6 hazardous waste  Incinerators.
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of '$14,822,400 supported by  84.8  total  workyears
for this program, of which  $4,810,700 will  be  for  the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $10,011,700 will  be for the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents decreases  of $346,600  and  $310,900 respectively, and a decrease of
8.1 total  workyears.   The  decrease in these  appropriations  reflects  the phasing
down of engineering evaluations  for Best Demonstrated Applicable Technology (BOAT)
in support of the land  disposal restriction  program.   The workyear decrease reflects
an Agency  initiative  to shift  some Hazardous  Waste  engineering personnel  to the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation  (SITE) program.

     Develop  Data  to  Support the Use of  Alternative Technologies.  This research
will evaluate emerging  alternative  treatment processes  for  priority  wastes likely
to be  restricted from  land disposal.   Efforts in support  of  waste minimization
will provide the technical  foundation for furthering the acceptance of technologies
that reduce  the  generation of hazardous waste.  Technical  Resource Documents will
be produced  for  use by  State  and Regional  personnel  and  a  summary  report on the
performance evaluation program from inception to date will be  prepared.

     Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Land Disposal Regulations. Major
i s sues associated with  disposal  of hazardous  waste to the  land  will be addressed
including construction quality assurance,  liner leachate collection  systems,  com-
puterized expert  systems,  municipal  solid  waste disposal  pollution potential, air
emissions from treatment,  storage,  and  disposal  facilities and research in support
of land disposal facility closure.

     Develop Data to Support Implementation of the Incineration Regulations.   Th i s
program will provide performance assessments of various thermal destruction systems
tested at pilot- and full-scale.  Information  will  be provided for both industrial
processes and  incinerators  to  support  regulation  of  toxic  metal  emissions and
emission of  products  of   incomplete  combustion.   Methods   will  be  developed for
predicting and  avoiding  intermittent operating  conditions  that  result  in process
failure and the inability to meet established performance standards.  An evaluation
of new municipal waste incinerators will be completed.

     Develop Procedures to  Prevent and  Contain  Hazardous   Releases.   Underground
storage tank research will  result in publications  on  prevention practices, assess-
ment of  retrofit technologies  for  leaking  underground  tanks,  identification and
evaluation of reliable  leak detection  methods for  chemical  underground  tanks, and
improvement of  emergency  response  and  remedial  corrective  action  technologies.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency  is allocating a  total of $15,479,900  supported  by 92.9
total workyears  for this  program,  of  which $5,157,300 is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $10,322,600  is  from  the  Research   and  Development
appropriation.  Activities   in  1988  include  performance  evaluations  for  alter-
natives to  land disposal   of  wastes,   investigating   major  land  disposal  issues,
and conducting  performance evaluation   for  thermal  destruction  systems.   Existing
technologies for  detecting  leaks  from  petroleum  and chemical  tank systems are
being evaluated and improved methods are being designed.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $17,006,100  supported  by 98.5 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $5,302,600 was from the  Salaries and Expenses
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appropriation and $11,703,500 was  from the  Research  and Development appropriation.
The 1987 program  produced  performance evaluations  of treatment processes to estab-
lish BOAT for wastes under review  for restriction  from land disposal.  Waste mini-
mization opportunity audits  were  conducted at  four  facilities,  research continued
on chemical   and   biological  processes  for waste  destruction  (field  testing  and
laboratory testing both),  information was  provided  on compacted  solid liners and
flexible membrane liners, and data  were produced to support rulemaking on Industrial
boilers that burn hazardous  waste.  A report on standard  dispersant effectiveness
testing was  completed  and  a new method for determining the  effectiveness  of chem-
ical dispersants  for  controlling  floating  hazardous  materials  was  developed.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total   of  $7,763,700 supported  by  55.1  total  workyears
for this program, of which $3,280,100 will  be for  the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,483,600  will  be   for the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an increase of $70,300 and a decrease of $116,100 respectively, and
no change in total  workyears.  The  increase  the  in  Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation reflects a general  enhancement  of inhouse support  for  this  program.  The
decrease in  the  Research  and  Development  appropriation reflects  a shift  of some
extramural  research to the Inhouse research program.

     Develop and  Evaluate  Procedures for  Conducting Risk  Assessments.  Research
on multimediasite  assessment  models  insupportof  hazardouswaste  listing  and
delisting activities,   methods  for  risk  characterization  of  complex  wastes,  and
methods for  predicting  subsurface  contamination will  be undertaken.   Complex mix-
tures will  be emphasized and a transport model  for predicting  waste concentrations
in groundwater will  be field evaluated.                               -

     Conduct the  Assessment  and  Control   Research  Necessary to  Address Dioxin.
This research  willstudy  the  extent of  dioxin uptake  by  plants.Emphasis will
be placed on defining  the conditions under which  plant uptake  could  be  a problem
in the food chain.

     Develop Procedures to Prevent and Contain Hazardous Releases. Further improve-
ment of the  bioassessment  protocol will  occur.  This protocol  can be  used by the
program office to  test samples collected  at spills  and  hazardous waste  sites to
determine if they are  bioavailable or toxic to aquatic and  terrestrial organisms.


1988 Program                   .

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $7,809,500  supported  by 55.1
total workyears for this  program,  of which  $3,209,800 is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $4,599,700 is  from  the Research, and  Development appro-
priation.  This research supports  the listing,  delisting,  risk assessment, siting,
and land disposal restriction  programs  by  providing  multimedia  assessment methods
and data.  Laboratory experiments  are being conducted to determine plant uptake of
dioxin.  The multimedia bioassessment screening protocol used in evaluating damage
caused by spills and risks potentially associated with waste sites is being revised
based on the results of  field  evaluations.  In  addition, various studies are being
conducted on subsurface  characteristics  contributing  to heavy metal  contamination
of groundwater, on evaluation of immiscible flow processes  controlling contaminant
transport in groundwater,  and  on  validation of existing saturated  and unsaturated
zone contaminant transport models are being conducted.
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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $9,639,100 supported  by  48.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,538,700  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $6,100,400  was  from the Research  and  Development appropriation.
During 1987 the  program completed  the final  version of  a methodology to allow the
pollution potential  of  any hydrogeologic setting to  be  evaluated.  A seminar  was
conducted on transport and  fate of contaminants  1n  the subsurface, a user's manual
was prepared on  the quantitative  geochemlcal model   for  predicting  the equilibrium
behavior of metal species in a variety  of  environments,  and  research studies indi-
cated that  in  situ  biorestoratioh  has  the  potential  for remediation of  aquifers
contam1nated~T>yleaking underground storage tanks.


INTEGRATED HAZARDOUS WASTE RESEARCH
1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests no resources for this activity in 1989.  Having funded the
Center for Environmental  Management at Tufts University since 1983, the Agency feels
this Center 1s now fully established and should seek continued funding on a compet-
itive basis.   Other  sources of  funding are available  from the private  sector  as
well as from other government sources.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total  of $2,800,000 supported  by no work-
years for this  program,  all  of  which is  from the  Research  and Development appro-
priation.  This program  provides research  funding to the  Center for Environmental
Management located at  Tufts University.   The  Tufts  program  is addressing  a  wide
variety of  research  and public  policy  issues including  alternative technologies,
public perceptions associated  with  disposal   facilities,  devel opment  of programs
for public education,  health effects,  risk communication,  waste minimization, and
alternatives to whole animal testing.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of  $2,500,000 for this program from the
Research and Development appropriation.   These resources were used to fund research
on health effects, monitoring  systems,  alternative  technologies, and risk communi-
cation research  projects.   Several  new health  effects  projects were  initiated.
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Abatement and Control

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989  Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of  Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Waste Management Regulations,  Guidelines  and  Policies	HW-21
          Regulations, Guidelines & Policies  - Hazardous Waste	 HW-25
          RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air  &  Radiation	HW-27
          RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water	 HW-27
          Regulations, Guidelines & Policies  - Underground  Storage Tanks... HW-30
       Financial  Assistance	 HW-32
          Hazardous Waste Management  Financial Assistance to States	HW-33
          Hazardous Waste Initiative  Grants	 HW-35
          Underground Storage Tanks State Grants	HW-36
       Waste Management Strategies Implementation	 HW-37
          Hazardous Waste Management  Regulatory  Strategies  Implementation.. HW-39
       Emergency Planning/Community Right-to-know  -  Title III	HW 42
                                      HW-20

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                                             HAZARDOUS WASTE
                           Waste Management Regulations,  Guidelines 4 Policies

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Regulations, Guidelines
& Policies-Hazardous
Waste
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
       $15,506.2  $15,689.7  $15,926.5  $15,926.5  $15,811.2   -$115.3
       $42,048.8  $37,791.0  $40,267.2  $39,801.9  $41,386.0  $1,584.1

TOTAL  $57,555.0  $53,480.7  $56,193.7  $55,728.4  $57,197.2  $1,468.8
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Air and
Radiation
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
          $555.1     $638.5     $621.4     $621.4     $627.6
        $2,943.9   $3,265.0   $3,265.0   $3,265.0   $3,265.0

TOTAL   $3,499.0   $3,903.5   $3,886.4   $3,886.4   $3,892.6
RCRA Regulatory Program
- Office of Water
 Salaries A Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
Regulations, Guidelines
and Policies - UST
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
$1,741.2
$6,062.4
$2,708.0
$5,325.0
$2,489.8
$5,325.0
$2,489.8
$4,585.0
                                                    $2,646.7
                                                    $5,325.0
                                                                  $6.2


                                                                  $6.2
                                                                $156.9
                                                                $740.0
                        TOTAL   $7,803.6   $8,033.0   $7,814.8   $7,074.8   $7,971.7    $896.9
        $1,867.7   $3,603.9   $3,506.3   $3,506.3   $3,550.7     $44.4
        $9,886.3   $5,200.0   $5,200.0   $4.650.0   $4,200.0   -$450.0

TOTAL  $11,754.0   $8,803.9   $8,706.3   $8,156.3   $7,750.7   -$405.6

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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE


               Waste Management Regulations, Guidelines,  and Policies


Budget Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $76,812,200  supported  by  377 total workyears
for 1989, an  Increase  of  $1,966,300  and  a  decrease  of 4.5  total  workyears  from
1988.  Of the  request,  $22,636,200 will  be for the Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation and  $54,176,000  will  be for  the  Abatement,   Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation, Increases of $92,200 and $1,874,100,  respectively.

Program Description

     The program areas under this  subactlvlty are:

     Regulations,   Guidelines,  and  Policies - Hazardous Waste  ~   This   program
provides nationaldirection  for the Hazardous  Waste  management program under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act  (RCRA)  of 1976, Including  the  Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of  1984.   Activities  Include  promulgating  and  refin-
ing regulations  for  the  Identification,   tracking,  management  and  disposal  of
hazardous wastes;   providing  national   oversight  and guidance  for   Implementing
consistent State  and Regional  hazardous  waste  permitting  programs;  conducting
technical studies, regulatory Impact analyses  and economic  analyses;  and assessing
control options and technologies necessary for regulatory decision-making.

     RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Air and Radiation — The  major  objective
of this  program  is  setting  air emission  standards  as  required  by  HSWA for  area
sources at hazardous waste  treatment,  storage,  and  disposal   facilities  (TSDFs).
These regulations  will  protect public health  from previously  unregulated  sources
of  toxic  air   pollutants  and  volatile  organic compounds  (VOCs).   TSDFs are. a
potentially large  source of  emissions  for which virtually no Federal  or State air
regulations exist  because of the  complex nature of the source  category, a  lack of
technical data, and a lack of demonstrated control systems.

     RCRA Regulatory Program - Office of Water —   This  program  provides  support
for implementation of HSWA requirements that  have  an impact  on the  Water  Quality
and Drinking  Water  programs.   The Office of  Water  has lead  responsibility  for
review of disposal  of hazardous  waste  into injection wells;  a  study,  regulation
revisions, and  corrective  action  requirements  to  address  hazardous  waste  in
publicly-owned treatment works  (POTWs);  a  study of the  impact  on  groundwater  from
wastewater treatment  lagoons;  and rules   and waivers  for  retrofitting   surface
Impoundments.

     Regulations,  Guidelines, and  Policies - Underground Storage  Tanks  (UST) —
This  programRasresponsibilityforimplementingSubtitle  I67HSWA.The
objective of the  Subtitle  I  program is to  control  and prevent  leakage from under-
ground storage tanks through developing and implementing  a comprehensive regulatory
program.  Activities include  promulgating  regulations  and corrective  action  stan-
dards; developing  compliance and  enforcement  strategies; issuing policy and  tech-
nical guidance;  and providing  training,  technical  and  administrative  support to
the States in the  development of State UST programs.


                                       HW-24

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REGULATIONS. GUIDELINES AND POLICIES — HAZARDOUS WASTE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $57,197,200  supported  by 234.1 total  workyears
for this program, of which $15,811,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $41,386,000 will be for  the  Abatement,  Control, and Compliance appro-
priation.  This represents  a decrease of $115,300  and an Increase  of $1,584,100,
respectively,  and  a  decrease  of  4.5  total  workyears  from 1988  levels.  The
decreases reflect the completion of regulations in 1988.  The increase will  support
Subtitle D  regulatory  efforts for municipal  landfills and  mining  waste  programs.

     Several  major regulations mandated by  HSUA  will  be  promulgated  In  1989,
including rules requiring  corrective  action  for  releases  of hazardous waste from
solid waste management units  and location standards  for new and existing  hazardous
waste facilities.  The  Agency will  continue work  on banning  untreated  hazardous
wastes from  land  disposal  by promulgating  rules on  the  second  Third of  wastes
listed under Section 3001  and proposing rules on the  last Third.   The Agency will
investigate national  capacity for hazardous  waste storage, treatment, and disposal
and will develop  incentives  for  increased capacity to  avoid shortages as the land
disposal restrictions come into effect.

     The Agency  will  develop guidance  on  the   Implementation  of new  corrective
action  regulations  and   Incineration rules  which will  deal  with  currently  un-
addressed metals  emissions  and products  of incomplete combustion.   Training pro-
grams on corrective  measures will  be developed,  workshops  will  be  conducted  to
assist State and Regional permit writers,  and Permit Assistance Teams will continue
providing technical assistance  to  Regions  and  States.   The  Agency  will  provide
oversight and guidance to facilitate State authorizations for new HSWA requirements
and revisions to  the base  program.   The  Agency will  continue  to process  deli sting
petitions and  variance  requests  that  require  regulatory  revisions or  national
policy determinations,  such  as  petitions  requesting  variances  from  land disposal
restrictions.

     The Agency will continue development  of a  risk-based  decision-making  system
that will,  to  a greater extent than  in the past, take into account  site-specific
and other  unique  considerations  to  capture  those  wastes   that  are  potentially
hazardous and exclude wastes  that  are not.  Management standards  will  be reviewed
to ensure a continuum of control  that matches the degree of hazard posed by a waste
to the  stringency of  regulations governing  management of that  waste.  The Agency
will continue  revisions  of  the  hazardous  waste list based  on concentration  of
toxic constituents by  promulgating  rules  "relisting"  two  groups  of  the  highest
priority listed  wastes.   Mining  waste management  standards  will  be  promulgated
under Subtitle  D,  and  will  be  the first such tailored  program for  Section 8002
large volume  wastes.   The Agency  will similarly address oil  and  gas  production
wastes and utility wastes based on the findings  of  Reports to  Congress  submitted
in 1988 and on subsequent regulatory determinations.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating a  total  of  $55,728,400 supported by  238.6
total workyears for  this program, of which $15,926,500 is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $39,801,900   is  from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency is  continuing to  develop and implement  HSWA and  pre-HSWA  rules.
Major HSWA-mandated activities  in 1988 include   criteria  revisions  for  municipal
solid waste  landfills,   double  liner  and  leachate  collection  and  containerized
liquids regulation development.   Restrictions  on the  land  disposal   of  hazardous
wastes are  a  high priority,  with promulgation of the  first  Third  of listed wastes


                                       HW-25

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and a proposal for  treatment standards for the second Third of  wastes  planned  for
1988.  Improvements to the current hazardous waste management program are underway,
with regulations for permit modifications, experimental  unit permitting, expansions
to facilities under Interim  status,  and mobile treatment unit permitting expected
in 1988.  The  Agency  1s  developing  regulations  amending  statistical  methods  for
groundwater monitoring, as well as expanding the options available to the regulated
community for demonstrating  financial  responsibility  1ri the event of the need  for
corrective action due to  releases of hazardous waste Into the  environment.  Work
continues on Investigating  the scope of,  and developing management  standards  for
large volume wastes.   Reports to  Congress on  oil and  gas production wastes  and
utility wastes will be  developed,  to be followed  by  determinations  of  the regula-
tory status  of  those  wastes.  The Agency 1s  developing tailored standards  under
Subtitle D for mining wastes.

     Implementation efforts are a  high priority 1n 1988. The  Agency 1s developing
guidance on  location  of hazardous waste facilities,  corrective  measures, landfill
alternative closure, and liability coverage mechanisms.   Outreach to the public on
existing regulations and effective waste  management practices  Is Increasing.  Wide
distribution of  public  Information brochures  on   waste  minimization will help to
decrease the amount of  hazardous  waste entering the waste management system and to
reduce overall  costs  Incurred  In managing  waste.   The Agency  1s  continuing  to
oversee and  encourage authorization  of States to  Implement new  HSWA requirements.

     The Agency expects an  Increase  1n the number of requests  for  variances from
land disposal restriction  requirements as the  restrictions come  Into  effect,  and
will process  these petitions as necessary.   The  Agency  continues  to  process
petitions  to  dellst  hazardous  wastes   based   on  site-specific considerations.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $57,555,000 supported  by  247.4 total
work-years for this program, of which $15,506,200 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $42,048,800 was  from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency  continued  development of  HSWA  regulations.  In  the land disposal
restriction program, the solvents and dloxlns  rule was promulgated, as was the rule
setting treatment standards  for California List wastes.   Regulations governing  the
permitting of  miscellaneous  units  (Subpart  X)  were  proposed.   Other  proposals
included the waste-as-fuel,  liner/leak detection,  and containerized  liquids  rules.
Several proposed  rules  amending  permitting regulations  were developed,  including
rules for mobile treatment unit permitting, interim status expansions, schedules of
compliance, and  rules  for major  and.minor permit modifications.  The  Agency com-
pleted Reports  to  Congress  on  municipal  waste  combustion  and hazardous  waste
minimization.

     The Agency developed guidance for  State  and Regional permit  writers,  as well
as for regulated  industry  and the public,  in  order to clarify  Agency policy and to
provide technical assistance on regulations.   These implementation efforts included
development of  the Alternate Concentration  Limits  guidance,   the  RCRA  Facility
Assessment guidance,  and the National  Corrective Action  strategy,   as  well   as
publication of guidance  on secondary containment  requirements for hazardous  waste
tanks.  The  Agency met the  HSWA  deadline  for   resolving  outstanding  deli sting
petitions.  Permit  Assistance  Teams  assisted  permit   writers   in  the  field   to
expedite and improve the quality of permits issued.


                                       HW-26

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RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $3,892,600  supported by 13.0 total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $627,600 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation and $3,265,000 will  be for the Abatement, Control, and  Compliance  appro-
priation.  This represents an  Increase of  $6,200 1n  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation, no  change  1n the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation,
and no change  1n  total  workyears.   The Increase will provide additional  funds  for
operating and support costs.

     In 1989 the  program  will  continue to support the proposal of regulations  for
area source types of hazardous waste TSDFs.  This will Include  an  assessment  of  the
nature and quantities of  emissions  for TSDFs,  development of emission modeling  and
testing methods,  assessment of public  health  risks,   evaluation    of   emission
control techniques and economic analyses.  As a result of these efforts, the  Agency
expects to propose final  rules to  control emissions  for  seven types  of  TSDF area
sources:  landfills, surface Impoundments, land treatment, containers, waste  piles,
storage tanks, and transfer operations.


1988 Program

     The  Agency   1s   allocating  a   total  of $3,886,400 supported  by 13.0 total
workyears for  this program, of which  $621,400 1s from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  $3,265,000  1s  from  the  Abatement,   Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988 efforts are  continuing  on the development of air  emission regulations
for TSDF area  sources.   Proposed  regulations are  being developed  for the  seven
TSDF source types listed above.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987  the  Agency obligated  a total  of $3,499,000 supported  by  11.6 total
workyears for  this program,  of which  $555,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $2,943,900  was   from the  Abatement,   Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1987 efforts continued on  the development of air emission  regulations  for
TSDF area sources.


RCRA REGULATORY PROGRAM - OFFICE OF WATER

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $7,971,700  supported by 62.3 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $2,646,700 1s  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropria-
tion and $5,325,000  is  for the  Abatement, Control,   and  Compliance  appropriation.
This represents increases  of  $156,900  and  $740,000, respectively, and no  change in
total  workyears   from   1988.   The   increase  1n   Salaries  and  Expenses reflects
increased operating  costs.   The  increase  1n  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
reflects the Office of Drinking Water's (ODW) and the Office of Municipal  Pollution
Control's (OMPC) need  to  provide  support  to  States  and  Regions in the  review
of petitions  for   exemptions  to the ban  on  untreated  hazardous waste  disposal.
                                      HW-27

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     During 1989, EPA Headquarters will propose regulations for the Pharmaceuticals
Industry, which  will  Improve controls  on  toxic  pollutants, hazardous wastes,  and
hazardous constituents.  Technical  guidance for the  textiles and  timber Domestic
Sewage Study Industries  will  be published.  Regulations development  will  continue
on the equipment manufacturing and rebuilding Industry and will be Initiated on the
hazardous waste  treaters  Industry.  Information collection on the  transportation
Industry will resume In 1989.   Sludge  use  and disposal  screening  for RCRA constit-
uents will continue.  The sewer exflltratlon study  will  be completed.  The Regions
will develop new local  limits to address hazardous  pollutants and  will Increase the
number of  spill  'prevention  plans  Initiated.   The  Regions  will  also  Increase  the
enforcement of  new regulations for hazardous  pollutants.   EPA  and  States  will
continue to  Implement  changes  to  the  general  and  specific  prohibition  of  the
pretreatment regulations.

     EPA and States  will continue to  Implement  the corrective action requirement
for POTWs that  accept  hazardous waste.  EPA will  follow up  on the  original  survey
with a  supplemental  Section 3007  POTU survey.  Headquarters  will  provide guidance
and training on  remedial  Investigations, corrective measures  and permitting  modi-
fications to  ensure that   POTWs  comply  with RCRA reporting and  permlt-by-rule
requirements.  EPA and States  will  collect and  analyze  data submitted  by  POTWs,
and the Regions  will  undertake or oversee  necessary facility assessments,  conduct
visual site Inspections  and sampling visits,  and Implement remedial  Investigations
and corrective measures  at  appropriate POTWs.  There  will  be an Increase 1n permit
modifications Incorporating corrective action requirements.

     EPA  and  the  States   will   continue  Implementation  of  corrective  action
requirements for Class  I Underground Injection Control (UIC)  wells  to comply with
Section 3004(u)  of RCRA.  Work  will  continue on site  and  remedial  Investigations.
Compliance with permit conditions will  be monitored to ensure that facilities which
were placed on schedules for corrective action are  complying with  the requirements.

     Pursuant to Sections 3004(f)  and  (g), petitions will  continue  to be reviewed
from operators  who  want to  continue inspecting  banned wastes.   Any necessary UIC
permit modifications required  to   Implement  the  land  ban  provisions will  also be
reviewed.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of $7,074,800  supported  by 62.3
total workyears  for  this program,  of  which  $2,489,800 is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses  appropriation  and  $4,585,000   is  from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.

     During 1988,  some  changes are being promulgated  to the National  Pollutant
Discharge Elimination  System (NPDES)  and  general  pretreatment regulations  due to
the Domestic .Sewage  Study.   The Regions are also  Implementing regulatory changes,
requiring additional discharge  prohibitions and  spill  prevention  plans.   Guidance
is being developed to  implement and enforce both these changes and local limits for
hazardous pollutants.   Specific regulatory development  is underway  on  two indus-
tries.  Information sampling  of ten  Domestic  Sewage Study industries is continuing
and decision documents  are  being  prepared, along with  regulations  or guidance, as
appropriate.  Sludge   disposal  and   use  screening   for   RCRA   constituents  are
continuing and regulations  are  being developed.

     Where necessary,  Headquarters will  work  with  Regions  and  States  to  assess
double  liner requirements and/or  assess compliance with  these requirements.   RCRA
requires interim-status  surface  impoundments  to   comply  with  requirements  for
double  liner,  leachate collection systems  and groundwater monitoring.  Waivers to
these requirements can be requested.


                                        HW-28

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     The Regions will  screen and  evaluate  double liner exemption  applications  as
they are  submitted to  determine  If the  facilities  are engaged  1n  "aggressive
biological treatment"   and are  In compliance  with permits.   Petitions  are  being
reviewed to reopen  permits.   NPDES permits are  being modified  where applications
are denied  or  where   facilities  are  required  to double  line  existing  surface
Impoundments.   Enforcement 1s  Increasing where  permittees are  1n  non-compllance
with NPDES permits due to new RCRA double liner or other requirements.

     Headquarters 1s  developing  procedural  guidance  and  providing  training  to
Regions and States on data collection and evaluation and on Implementing  corrective
action requirements for any release of hazardous  waste material  from  a solid  waste
management unit.  Training 1s  being provided  to  Regions and  authorized States  on
RCRA permlt-by-rule requirements  and, for POTWs  that receive  hazardous  waste,  the
Regions are emphasizing  Implementation  of  these permit  requests.   POTWs  are  being
screened to Identify those which  receive hazardous waste by dedicated pipe,  truck
or rail.  EPA  1s Issuing  RIDER permits for   corrective  action  and  1s  monitoring
compliance.   Enforcement  efforts  are focusing on  ensuring  that  POTWs comply with
their reporting mandates and with other RCRA permlt-by-rule requirements.

     Regional  UIC permit  writers are conducting corrective action  Investigations
for Class I  hazardous waste wells, but the  highest priority 1s  being given to  wells
with permits Issued after November 1984.  Such permits did not  Include  a  schedule
for corrective action.  Owners  or operators of Class I  wells must  certify compli-
ance with requirements  for  groundwater monitoring and financial responsibility  1n
order to retain  authorization to  Inject  hazardous  materials.   The  Regions are also
reviewing petitions from  operators  of  hazardous  waste  Injection  wells,  who  are
seeking exemptions from the Injection ban under Part 148.

     Headquarters completed the Municipal Wastewater Lagoon Study  and forwarded it
to Congress In December 1987.

     During 1988, the  Agency plans  to  propose  an additional  set of  regulations
covering wastes  regulated under  Sections  3004(f) and  (g) and promulgate  final
regulations covering the  petition  process.   In addition, EPA expects to  review up
to 90 petitions  from operators  of hazardous waste Injection wells  who are seeking
exemptions from  the Injection ban,  and  revise or modify  up to 200 hazardous  waste
injection well permits.  Several guidances  outlining the criteria and procedures to
be used in developing geologic data and modeling waste fate and transport are  under
development.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $7,803,600 supported  by  40.4  total
workyears for this program, of which $1,741,200  was  from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation  and  $6,062,400  was  from   the  Abatement,  Control, and  Compliance
appropriation.

     During 1987, emphasis was  placed on implementing  RCRA permit-by-rule requests
for POTWs that  receive  hazardous  waste, especially the  corrective  action  require-
ment.  EPA  screened POTWs  to  identify  those which  received hazardous waste  by
dedicated pipe  or  which received manifested hazardous  waste  by  truck or  rail  and
established RCRA  permit-by-rule  requirements  for POTWs.   EPA  oversaw  the  early
stages  of  corrective   action,   modified   permits  and monitored  compliance with
corrective action requirements.

     EPA developed procedural guidance   for  Regions  and  authorized   States   to
establish requirements of the RCRA permit-by-rule and to assist them in identify-
ing POTWs  subject  to  that  constraint,   including  corrective  action  requirements.
Guidance was  developed  for  Implementation  of the  first stage  of the  corrective
action process and RCRA permlt-by-rule requirements.


                                        HW-29

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     The Agency developed regulations and amendments to existing UIC regulations to
Implement Sections 3004(f)  and  (g)  of the HSWA.   The  regulations which  were  pro-
posed 1n August 1987 provide the framework for both considering petitions submitted
by operators  seeking  to  demonstrate "no  migration"  and  upgrading the  technical
requirements in existing  UIC regulations which  are applicable to  hazardous  waste
injection wells.  EPA continued studies necessary to support regulatory development
and program implementation.

     Guidance on corrective action for Class  I UIC wells was issued and assistance
provided on  compliance  and  enforcement  of  corrective  action  and Interim  status
requirements and  on implementation  of  corrective action  requirements.   Class  I
wells subject to corrective action were identified.

     The Agency also established  the  framework  for implementing these  regulations,
including assistance to major States  in petition reviews.


REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES AND POLICIES  — UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST)

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of  $7,750,700  supported by 67.6  total  workyears
for this program, of which $3,550,700 will be for the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $4,200,000 will  be for  the Abatement, Control,  and  Compliance appro-
priation.  This  represents an  Increase  of  $44,400 and a  decrease   of  $450,000,
respectively, and  no  change  in  total  workyears.   The increase  in   Salaries  and
Expenses reflects a slight increase  in  support costs.   The  decrease in Abatement,
Control, and Compliance reflects the completion of the data collection  and economic
and program analyses needed for regulatory development.

     The  Agency   will    promulgate   financial   responsibility  regulations   for
owner/operators of  underground  storage  tanks  containing  hazardous   substances.
Data collection,  analysis and  regulatory development efforts  will   be  necessary
to propose  regulations  for tanks storing used  oil, bulk  storage petroleum tanks,
and a variety  of individual  sumps  and  reservoirs.  The Agency  will  continue its
analysis to  determine  whether  and  how exempted  heating oil  and farm  fuel  tanks
might be regulated.

     Implementation activities will  be an  increasing portion of the Agency's task.
Because the program will  be  implemented  at the State and local level,  the Agency's
role will be to develop policy  and technical  guidelines, and public guidance docu-
ments, as well  as to provide  interpretations of  rules.  In addition,  the  Agency
will provide  technical  support and  training  to  the  States as  they develop their
programs.

     Another  major  activity  in  1989  will  be  the  review  of  State  program
applications.  The Agency will  review and approve applications  for a significant
number  of  States  and   continue to work   with  others  on  the development and
preparation of applications for Federal  approval.

     The Agency will  negotiate and  administer  State  grants  and will   oversee and
evaluate  State  programs.   The  Agency   will   also  assist  and  oversee  State
enforcement activities,   including  inspections  and  enforcement  actions  against
violators.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency  is  allocating  a total   of $8,156,300  supported  by  67.6
total workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $3,506,300 is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses  appropriation   and  $4,650,000   is   from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and
Compliance appropriation.


                                         HW-30

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     The Agency will Issue final  regulations  on corrective action, leak detection,
leak prevention, and  technical  performance  standards for  new and existing  tanks
which contain petroleum products and hazardous substances.  Policy and guidance are
being developed on  the  process  and requirements  for States to apply  for authori-
zation of their regulatory programs.  The regulatory or prevention program Is being
Integrated with the cleanup program funded  by the  Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Trust Fund.

     The Agency  1s  negotiating  and  overseeing  State  UST grants  and  providing
technical assistance  and  guidance for  Implementation  and enforcement.   Efforts
continue to assist the States with program  development  and the program application
process.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total  of  $11,754,000  supported  by 38.6 total
workyears for this program, of  which $1,867,700 was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $9,886,300 was  from  the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In  1987,  the  Agency  proposed  regulations  on tank standards for  new  and
existing tanks, financial  responsibility for owner/operators  of  petroleum  tanks,
and State program approval.  The program developed policy and guidance to Implement
and enforce the  new regulatory  requirements.   The  Agency  conducted  oversight  of
State programs and  assisted  them 1n program development.   In  addition,  the  Agency
negotiated and  administered  State UST  grants,  conducted  Inspections  under  the
Interim  Prohibition  regulations  and   Initiated  enforcement   actions  against
violators.
                                        HW-31

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                                             HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                           Financial  Assistance

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Hazardous Waste
Management Financial
Assistance To States
 Abatement Control and         $62,919.5  $66,000.0  $64,812.0  $64,812.0  $66,000.0  $1,188.0
 Compliance

                        TOTAL  $62,919.5  $66,000.0  $64,812.0  $64,812.0  $66,000.0  $1,188.0

Hazardous Waste
Management Initiative
Grants
 Abatement Control and          $1,208.7
 Compliance
                        TOTAL   $1,208.7

Underground Storage
Tanks State Grants
 Abatement Control and          $6,903.1   $6,700.0   $6,579.0   $6,579.0   $9,000.0  $2,421.0
 Compliance
                        TOTAL   $6,903.1   $6,700.0   $6,579.0   $6,579.0   $9,000.0  $2,421.0


TOTAL:
 Abatement Control and         $71,031.3  $72,700.0  $71,391.0  $71,391.0  $75,000.0  $3,609.0
 Compliance

Financial Assistance    TOTAL  $71,031.3  $72,700.0  $71,391.0  $71,391.0  $75,000.0  $3,609.0

-------
                                 HAZARDOUS WASTE


                               Financial Assistance


Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of  $75,000,000  for  this  program  for  the
Abatement,  Control, and   Compliance  appropriation.  This   1s  an   Increase   of
$3,609,000 from the level  provided 1n 1988.

Program Description

     The three program areas under this subactlvlty are:

     Hazardous  Waste  Management  Financial  Assistance  to States — This  program
provides financial  assistance  to States  for  the development,  Implementation,  and
enforcement of  comprehensive hazardous  waste  management  programs  that meet  the
requirements of Subtitle C  of  the Resource Conservation  and Recovery Act (RCRA)  of
1976 and the  Hazardous and Solid  Waste  Amendments  (HSWA)  of  1984.    States  are
required to provide a 25 percent match to these  funds.   Objectives of the  grant
program are to  provide Incentives  to. the  States  to:  (1) develop  and  administer
State hazardous waste  management programs controlling  the  generation,  transpor-
tation, storage, treatment,  and  disposal  of hazardous wastes; (2) develop environ-
mentally sound permits for  as  many  priority hazardous waste  management  facilities
as possible;  and  (3)  enforce  hazardous  waste  management program  regulations  to
protect human health and the environment.

     HSWA greatly expanded  the Hazardous Waste  management program  in the  States.
It increased  the  number  and complexity of requirements that States must  meet  to
achieve equivalence  with   the  Federal  Hazardous  Waste  management  program.    Key
provisions in  HSWA  strengthened requirements   for   corrective  action,   broadened
restrictions on the land  disposal  of hazardous waste,  and set  deadlines  for  the
issuance of RCRA permits.

     Hazardous  Waste  Initiative  Grants —  This   program   provides   financial
assistance to foster State  and local  hazardous  waste  management efforts  focused  on
innovative waste management activities,  such as waste reduction, waste exchange,
siting, use of  alternatives to  land disposal,  and  assistance to  small  quantity
generators.

     Underground Storage  Tank   Grants — This  program  supports  development  and
Implementation ofStateUnderground Storage  Tank  (UST)  programs.   States  will
develop regulatory  standards that meet  or exceed Federal  standards for underground
storage,  release  detection,  leak   prevention,  and corrective  action   programs.
States will also develop the necessary enforcement authorities to ensure  compliance
with those standards.


HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $66,000,000 for this  program, all of  which will
be for the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance   appropriation.   This  represents  an
increase of $1,188,000 to  provide additional  support for  State  corrective  action
and permit modification processing.


                                      HW-33

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     The Agency  will  continue  to  provide  financial  assistance to the States to
develop  legislation  and  regulations  to  achieve  equivalence  with  the Federal
Hazardous Waste management  program.   The States  will  participate 1n  Implementing
the requirements  of HSWA  for  which they  are  not yet  authorized,  particularly
corrective action.

     The States will  place  high priority  on processing  permit  applications  for
commercial Incineration facilities and  for  facilities  seeking  to  expand treatment
and  Incineration  capacity.  The  States  will   also  place  a  high  priority  on
processing applications  for Incinerator  operating  permits  to meet the  November
1989 deadline.  In  addition,  the States will  Issue  an Increasing  number of permit
modifications for operating  facilities.  A  significant number  of  these  will  be due
to corrective action requirements.  A small  number of storage and treatment permits
will be drafted to ensure that operating facilities  are 1n compliance with ground-
water monitoring  regulations,  that   groundwater  contamination  1s  characterized,
and that corrective action plans are developed.

     The States will  tie their  enforcement efforts to those  facilities  that are
deemed high priority violators  due  to the type, the severity,  or  the  frequency of
violation.  The States  will  continue to undertake timely  and  appropriate enforce-
ment at  these facilities.   Facilities  that  violate corrective  action  schedules
will be  targeted  for enforcement action.   States will annually  Inspect  all  land
disposal and incineration facilities, half of the treatment and storage  facilities,
and a targeted universe of generators and transporters  in  order to enforce the land
ban restrictions.    Additional  inspections  at commercial   facilities  will be  con-
ducted to ensure  that  these .facilities  can manage  off-site  Superfund waste  in. an
environmentally safe manner.

     The States will  ensure  that corrective action initiated  in prior  years is
fully supported and  thorough  oversight  is provided  through  proper review, inspec-
tions, and  appropriate  follow-up enforcement.   States  will  initiate new facility
assessments  at  facilities  seeking  permits  and  will establish  priorities  for
addressing releases at  closed  facilities that are determined to be environmentally
significant.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $64,812,000 for this program, all
of which is from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     The States are continuing  to develop  legislation  and  regulations  to achieve
equivalence with  the Federal  Hazardous  Waste management  program.  A  significant
number of  States  are  submitting applications  for  authorization  for the various
provisions of HSWA  as  they  become effective.  The  States  and  Regions are jointly
processing permits  for  those HSWA provisions for which States  are not  authorized,
particularly corrective action.

     The States are  placing a high  priority on processing permit applications for
land disposal and incineration  facilities.  The  processing of permit modifications
at permitted  facilities  is taking  on  increasing   importance.   In  addition,  the
States,  in   conjunction  with   the   Regions,  have  developed  and are implementing
facility  management  plans  for  land  disposal  facilities and other facilities of
environmental significance.

     The States are inspecting the  handlers  of  hazardous  waste  and are  taking
enforcement actions  against those  handlers  that  present the  greatest  threat to
human health  and  the environment.  Special  emphasis is being  placed on initiating
enforcement actions  to support  the  new  land ban   requirements.  The  States, are
ensuring  that  land  disposal   facilities  are   in  compliance  with  groundwater


                                      HW-34

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standards, that commercial facilities are 1n compliance with the Superfund off-site
policy, and that releases from environmentally significant facilities are detected.
The  States   are   developing  comprehensive  training  programs  to maintain  a  high
quality work  force and improve facility  compliance  with complex RCRA requirements.

     Corrective action activities  fully  support  study and  cleanup  of  facilities
applying for  permits as  well  as those closed or closing land  disposal  facilities
already  assessed.  Additional  assessments   will   be   done  at  those   facilities
scheduled to be permitted In 1989.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $62,919,500,  all of  which  was  from
the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.   These  grant  funds supported
the development  and authorization  of State  hazardous  waste management programs,
implementation of authorized  programs,  and  implementation  of the  Federal  program
in unauthorized States.   By the end of  1987, one State achieved  authorization for
initial HSWA  requirements and  43  States  achieved full  pre-HSWA authorization.  In
addition, States continued  to  develop legislation and  regulations  consistent  with
HSWA provisions.  The  States  and  Regions  completed 722  final determinations  on
permit applications.   The States  conducted the  inspections  required  of them  by
legislation and EPA policies.  Moreover, they  took  appropriate  and  timely enforce-
ment action against those facilities that were 1n  significant  non-compliance  with
RCRA regulations, especially  those  facilities  exhibiting groundwater  violations.
RCRA facility assessments were performed at both closing land  disposal  facilities
and at land disposal facilities applying  for operating permits.


HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  no funds for  this   program.  Resources  to  support
activities under this  program are  provided under  the  Hazardous Waste  Management
Financial Assistance to States program.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  no  funds  for   this program.  Resources  to
support activities  under this program  are  provided  under  the  Hazardous  Waste
Management Financial Assistance to States program.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total of $1,208,700 for this  program,  all  of
which was from the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation.   These funds
were carryover funds  from 1986 that were awarded  to  State and local  agencies  to
develop or implement innovative hazardous  waste management efforts,  such  as waste
reduction, and for accelerating permit issuance to new or expanding hazardous waste
management facilities.


                                       HW-35

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UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $9,000,000 for this program, all of which  will
be for the  Abatement,  Control, and  Compliance  appropriation.  This represents  an
Increase of $2,421,000 which will provide  for expanded State programs  to  Implement
the final regulations for petroleum and hazardous substance tanks.

     Resources provided to the States will  be used to supplement State  funds in the
development and implementation  of State Underground  Storage Tank  (UST)  programs.
In 1989, some States will  continue to work on program development.  A significant
number of States  are expected  to  develop  regulatory  standards no less  stringent
than the  Federal   requirements,  including  tank  standards,  leak  detection   and
reporting, financial responsibility, and corrective  action  standards.  Once these
standards are  in   place,  they  will  be applying for Federal  program  approval.

     These States  will  then  begin a  higher level  of Implementation  activities.
States will   need  to identify and  notify tank owners  of  the new  requirements and
conduct tank owner education sessions.   States will  receive an  increased  number  of
release notifications and requests for Information and guidance as owners  Implement
leak detection requirements  on at  least  350,000  tanks.   Also, State enforcement
programs will be  expanding  to  ensure compliance  with  the  new Federal  regulations.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $6,579,000 for this  program, all
of which is  from  the Abatement, Control,  and Compliance appropriation.   UST  grant
funds are being used  to stimulate development of State UST  programs.  States are
continuing development of legislative authorities and proposed regulatory  standards
no less  stringent than proposed Federal standards.   Ah important  activity is the
continuation of efforts  to  develop multi-year funding mechanisms, such  as permit
and license  fees, gasoline  taxes  and  surcharges, and general revenues.   Imple-
mentation activities are continuing as States process tank  notifications.   Enforce-
ment efforts focus  on  the development of  compliance  and enforcement programs  and,
in some cases, on the  enforcement of existing State  regulations  equivalent to the
Interim Prohibition requirements.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $6,903,100  for  the  program, all  of
which was from the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance appropriation.   States  used
these funds to develop State UST programs  that meet  or exceed the proposed Federal
standards.  The  States received and  processed  tank  notifications  on  1.7  million
tanks.  A number  of States established fee systems related to  the  number of tanks
registered; these funds  will  help to pay  a  portion  of future  State costs.  Other
States developed  innovative approaches  to  prevention programs.   For example,  a
few States  are  forbidding fuel  distributors  to  fill  tanks  lacking a  registration
seal or certificate.


                                       HW-36

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                                                    HAZARDOUS  WASTE
                                       Waste  Management Strategies Implementation
                                        ACTUAL
                                         1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988
                        ENACTED
                          1988
        CURRENT
        ESTIMATE
          1988
         REQUEST   INCREASE  +
          1989     DECREASE  -
                 1989  VS 1988
       PROGRAM
                                                 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
       Hazardous Waste
       Management Regulatory
       Strategies
       Implementation
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control  and
        Compliance
                               $15,195.0  $16,124.4  $15,368.8  $15,368.8  $15,776.3    $407.5
                                $3,628.0   $5,479.8   $5,479.8   $4,229.8   $8,279.8  $4,050.0

                        TOTAL  $18,823.0  $21,604.2  $20,848.6  $19,598.6  $24,056.1  $4,457.5
i
CO
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Waste Management
Strategies
Implementation
$15,195.0  $16,124.4  $15,368.8  $15,368.8  $15,776.3    $407.5
 $3,628.0   $5,479.8   $5,479.8   $4,229.8   $8,279.8  $4,050.0
                               TOTAL  $18,823.0  $21,604.2  $20,848.6  $19,598.6  $24,056.1  $4,457.5
       PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       Hazardous Waste
       Management Regulatory
       Strategies
       Implementation
                                   354.8
               382.9
382.9
340.4
380.0
39.6
       TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                   354.8
               382.9
382.9
340.4
380.0
39.6

-------
I
CO
O9
                                                    HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                       Waste Management Strategies Implementation

                                        ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE*
                                         1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                    1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                                 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
       TOTAL WORKYEARS
       Hazardous Waste
       Management Regulatory
       Strategies
       Implementation

       TOTAL WORKYEARS
388.2      382.9      382.9      374.9      380.0       5.1
388.2      382.9      382.9      374.9      380.0       5.1

-------
                                 HAZARDOUS WASTE


                    Waste Management Strategies Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $24,056,100  supported  by  380.0 total  workyears
for 1989,  an  Increase of  $4,457,500  and  5.1  total workyears  from 1988.   Of  the
request, $15,776,300  will  be for   the  Salaries   and Expenses  appropriation  and
$8,279,800  will  be   for  the   Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation,
Increases of $407,500 and $4,050,000,  respectively.

Program Description

     Hazardous  Waste  Management  Regulatory  Strategies  Implementation  —  This
program supports Regional  Implementation of  the  Hazardous  Waste management program
mandated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, Including
the Hazardous and  Solid  Waste Amendments  (HSWA)  of 1984.   The  Regions  assist  the
States 1n  developing  hazardous waste  management  programs equivalent to the Federal
program by  providing  guidance  and  technical  assistance   for  developing  program
capabilities and  authorization   applications,  and  by  jointly  processing  permit
applications until the States  are authorized  for HSWA.  In addition, the  Regions
oversee State programs to  ensure  that Implementation of RCRA  1s carried out  1n a
nationally consistent  manner  and that minimum RCRA standards are  followed.  This
program  also  supports  Regional  activities  to  Implement  the  Hazardous  Waste
management program directly 1n States  that are not authorized.


HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY  STRATEGIES  IMPLEMENTATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $24,056,100  supported  by  380.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  of which  $15,776,300  will  be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $8,279,800  will  be  for  the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  Increases of $407,500 and $4,050,000, respectively,
and an Increase of 5.1 total  workyears.  The Increases will allow EPA to serve as a
technical clearinghouse  for   solid  waste  Information  and  to  support  States  in
developing their  solid waste management programs,  as  well as  funding  cooperative
agreements for  State  mining  waste  programs.   Regional   management  support  of
the permitting, permit modification and permit appeals workload will also increase.

     The Regions  and  States  will  aggressively  work toward  meeting the  November
1989 deadline  for Issuing Incinerator  permits to  operating facilities.   EPA  and
the States will process  an increasing number of  permit modifications, particularly
applications that will result in new  storage  or  treatment  capacity or in processes
that minimize  a  facility's  waste.   Other  important  permitting activities  will
Include the  processing of  permit appeals,  particularly  those  for  land  disposal
facility permits;  incorporating land  ban  regulations  Into permits; and processing
the  most   environmentally  significant storage and  treatment  permit applications.

     The Regions and  States  will also  work  together to process  closure  plans  and
request post-closure  permit  applications  from environmentally  significant  closing
land disposal  facilities.  Public  involvement in permitting and closure processes
will be encouraged through public education and outreach activities.

     An important activity of the Regions  w1Vl be  to  provide adequate  oversight of
State permitting  activities.  Regions will  review State permit  actions  to ensure
technical adequacy, enforceability, and  national  consistency as well as to provide


                                      HW-39

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State permit writers  with  technical  assistance.   The Agency will  provide  specific
guidance during the review of more complex regulatory requirements, such as correc-
tive action  and  closure  and post-closure plans.   In addition, the  -Regions  will
Implement the  Agency's national   oversight  policy  through  evaluation of  State
performance, Including  program  reviews,   file  audits,  and  analysis  of   routine
reports.

     Regions  will   continue  to   support  the  development and upgrading  of  State
legislation and regulations to achieve equivalence with  the Federal Hazardous  Waste
management program.  The Regions  will  also provide technical  Information  and sup-
port to the  States as they develop effective Subtitle  D programs  by adoption  and
Implementation of the revised Federal  Subtitle D  criteria  for municipal  landfills.
The  Regions  will   also  increase  support  for  State development of mining  waste
programs through cooperative agreements with  appropriate States.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency 1s  allocating a  total  of  $19,598,600  supported  by  374.9
total workyears for  this  program, of  which  $15,368,800 1s from the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation  and  $4,229,800  is  from the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Com-
pliance appropriation.  The  Regions  are supporting  the  States  in the  development
of hazardous waste management programs equivalent to the  Federal program.   With
most States authorized  for  the pre-HSWA program,  the Agency  Is  focusing  on  over-
sight and  technical  support activities.   In  addition,  the Regions are providing
technical assistance  to the  States  as they develop legislation  and  regulations
consistent with the  provisions  of HSWA,   and  as  they  keep  pace  with  regulatory
revisions to the base program.

     The Regions and  States  are  jointly processing those  permit applications with
HSWA provisions for States not yet authorized.   High priorities  for the  EPA and the
States are processing the  remainder  of land.disposal facility  permit applications
by the November 1988  deadline and  processing a large  number of  incineration facil-
ity permits  to  work  towards  meeting  the  November  1989  deadline.  Closure  plans
are being  reviewed,  and facility management  plans for environmentally  significant
facilities are  being  developed.   In  addition,  the Regions  continue  to  review
exposure assessment information  for  landfills  and surface  impoundments.   Finally,
the Regions are overseeing  State permit actions  on facilities  to  ensure  national
consistency, providing technical  assistance to  State permit writers,  and conducting
State program.reviews.


1988 Explanation of Changes from the  Enacted  Level

     The net decrease  of  $1,250,000 results  from the mining waste program  being
delayed since regulations  are not yet finalized.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987,   the  Agency  obligated  a   total   of $18,823,000 supported  by  388.2
workyears of which  $15,195,000 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$3,628,000 was from the Abatement, Control, and Compliance appropriation.

     The  Regions  assisted  States  in achieving  authorization   to implement  a
hazardous waste management program equivalent  to  the Federal  program.  By  the  end
of 1987, 43  States had achieved full   authorization  for  the  pre-HSWA  program  and
one State had achieved  authorization  for  initial  HSWA requirements.   Additionally,
with Regional assistance,  the  States began to develop legislation and  regulations
consistent with the  provisions  of HSWA.   The Regions  and States made 722  final
                                     HW-40

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determinations on permit  applications.  In  addition,  the  Regions  developed   a
facility management  plan   for   each  Incineration   facility   and  continued   to
develop plans for other environmentally significant facilities.
                                     HW-41

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                                                          HAZARDOUS WASTE
                                Emergency Planning/Community  Right to Know  -  Title  III

                                       ACTUAL      BUDGET      ENACTED    CURRENT     REQUEST    INCREASE  +
                                        1987      ESTIMATE       1988     ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE  -
                                                    1988                  1988              1989  VS  1988

                                                                (DOLLARS IN  THOUSANDS)
       PROGRAM
I
ro
       Emergency  Planning
       Community  Right To Know
        Salaries  4  Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
                               TOTAL
       FEMA EMERGENCY  TRAINING
       -  TITLE  III
       Abatement Control  and
       Compliance
       TOTAL:
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control  and
        Compliance
                               TOTAL
$1,148.6   $1,148.6   $1,478.7    $330.1
$2,938.0   $2,603.0   $2,938.0    $335.0

$4,086.6   $3,751.6   $4,416.7    $665.1
$5,000.0   $5,000.0

$5,000.0   $5,000.0
                -$5,000.0

                -$5,000.0
$1,148.6   $1,148.6   $1,478.7    $330.1
$7,938.0   $7.603.0   $2,938.0 -$4,665.0
       PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       Emergency Planning
       Community Right To Know

       TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
    32.0
    32.0
21.6
21.6
28.0
28.0
6.4
6.4
       TOTAL WORKYEARS
       Emergency Planning
       Community Right to Know

       TOTAL WORKYEARS
    32.0
                                                                 32.0
22.0
               22.0
28.0
           28.0
6.0
           6.0

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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE


                     Emergency Planning/Community Right-To-Know


                                     Title III
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $4,416,700  supported by 28.0  total  workyears
for 1989,  an  increase  of $665,100  and  6.0  total  workyears  over  1988.  Of  the
request, $1,478,700  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and
$2,938,000 will   be  for the Abatement,  Control,  and Compliance  appropriation,  in-
creases of  $330,100 and  $335,000,   respectively.   The  Agency   is  not  requesting
$5,000,000 in emergency training grants under Section 305(a).  Instead, the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will request funding for these grants.

Program Description

     This program has responsibility for implementing most sections of Title III of
the Superfund Amendments  and  Reauthorization Act  of 1986.   The  objectives of  the
Title III program  include emergency planning at the State and  local  levels;  com-
munity right-to-know  reporting of  hazardous  substance  inventories;  analysis  of
methods to  detect,  monitor,  and  prevent accidental  releases;   and  tracking  and
reporting releases  of  toxic  substances.   Activities  supporting these  objectives
focus on  the development of  regulations  and  guidance  for   implementation  and
enforcement of Title III  and  also on assistance to  State and local  governments in
meeting emergency  planning  and  community  right-to-know  responsibilities.    All
efforts are designed to  maximize  the effective and  responsible  use  of information'
generated by the law.


1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $4,416,700  supported by 28.0  total  workyears
for this  program,   of  which  $1,478,700  will  be  for  the   Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and $2,938,000  will be  for the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents increases of $330,100 and $335,000,  respectively,
and an increase of 6.0 total  workyears.

     These increases reflect the Local  Emergency  Planning Committees' completion of
emergency plans, which  are due in  early 1989.  The plans  will   require reviewing
and updating by  these local groups.  Field exercises will  be performed to test the
practical effectiveness  of the plans.  EPA  and  the  Regional  Response  Teams  will
provide assistance to States and priority area communities in all of these planning
activities.  Also, those  local  groups  that do not complete  plans  by  the deadline
will need further assistance.

     The Occupational  Safety  and Health  Administration's expansion of  facilities
affected by the Hazard Communication Standard will  increase community right-to-know
activity and intensify trade secret claims collection and review.  EPA will develop
information management  tools  aimed   at  assisting   effective    data   collection,
organization, use,  and distribution.   To further the  responsible  interpretation
and use  of  Title III information, the  Agency  plans  to finalize   its risk  communi-
cation guidelines.  Other  efforts to enhance compliance  by affected  groups will be
finalized and implemented.

     Review  and   revision   of   regulations will   proceed,  including  possible
additions  to  the  list  of  extremely  hazardous   substances,   which incorporates
chronic toxicity, flamrnablHty and reactivity  criteria.   The final   rule  for the


                                        HW-43

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non-manufacturing and  final-year  hazardous chemical reporting thresholds will  be
completed.  EPA will  continue Its participation In the   review  of  the   Section
305(a) training grants distributed by FEMA.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency 1s  allocating  a total  of $3,751,600  supported by  22.0
total workyears, of  which  $1,148,600 1s  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appro-
priation and  $2,603,000  Is  from  the Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appro-
priation.  Also, the Agency 1s allocating a total  of $5,000,000 from the Abatement,
Control, and Compliance appropriation to FEMA for Section 305(a)  training grants to
States.

     The Agency  1s  conducting  analyses   to  support  rule-makings  for  community
right-to-know reporting  quantities,   reporting  Information  forms,   trade  secret
claims and the  non-manufacturing and final-year reporting  thresholds.   Supporting
analyses on these  threshold levels  will  also  be  conducted.  The  Agency Is  com-
pleting Its study  of public  alert programs and  emergency  systems  for  detecting,
monitoring and  preventing   releases   of  extremely  hazardous  substances  and  the
results will be submitted to Congress.  The program Is evaluating additional  hazard
criteria for the extremely hazardous  substance  11st,  and 1s planning to promulgate
additional rules on trade secrets and community right-to-know.

     As the local  committees  begin their formulation of  emergency  plans,  critical
guidance and  assistance  to these  groups  through  the Regional  Response Teams  1s
being provided.  Further guidance to industry on  community  right-to-know  infor-
mation is being refined and distributed.  The Agency plans to develop the necessary
infrastructure to support Title  III  needs in the areas  of  information  management,
risk communication  and  enforcement.   Trade  secret  claims,  are  being  evaluated.
Finally, EPA  is remaining  Involved  with  FEMA's  Section  305{a) training  grants.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $3,436,500 and 3.7 total  workyears
for this program^  all  of which  was  from the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appro-
priation.  Also, FEMA obligated  a  total  of $4,728,100  from  the Hazardous Substance
Superfund for Section 305(a) training grants to States.

     The  Agency   met  all   statutory   deadlines   including  promulgating   four
regulations, issuing  the National  Response Team's  Hazardous Materials  Emergency
Planning Guide,  and   completing  the  Section 305(b)  Interim  Report to  Congress.
Rule-making was completed on  the list of extremely hazardous  substances, threshold
planning quantities and emergency  notification  requirements (Sections 302 to 304).
Other rules proposed  in  1987  Included  the hazardous  chemical inventory  forms and
community right-to-know reporting  guidelines.   The technical  guidance document for
hazard analysis neared completion  and a computer planning  and response  system was
designed in  coordination with  the Department  of  Commerce's  National  Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

     EPA worked with  FEMA in  developing guidance to States  and Indian  tribes  on
criteria for submitting  Section  305{a)  grant proposals.   In addition, EPA partici-
pated in the  review  of the proposals and provided recommendations to FEMA  on the
distribution of  these grants.   Establishment  of  the State  and  local  Title III
structure proceeded close  to  schedule —  all State Emergency Response  Commissions
were appointed, though  some Local  Emergency Planning  Committee members  are still
being named.


                                        HW-44

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Enforcement

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
HAZARDOUS WASTE

    ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Waste Enforcement	HW-45
                                     HW-45

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                                                              HAZARDOUS  WASTE
                                                        Hazardous  Waste  Enforcement

                                                  ACTUAL     BUOfiET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                                   1987     ESTIMATE       1988     ESTIMATE     1989      DECREASE -
                                                              1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                 PROGRAM
                                                           (HOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                 Hazardous Waste
                 Enforcement
                  Salaries A Expenses           $17,471.7  $20,100.0  $19,354.8  $19,354.8  $19,703.5    $348.7
                  Abatement Control and         $18,640.1  $19,495.0  $21,102.0  $20,451.2  $21,100.0    $648.8
                  Compliance
                                         TOTAL  $36,111.8  $39,595.0  $40,456.8  $39,806.0  $40,803.5    $997.5
i
o»
TOTAL:
 Salaries A Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Hazardous Waste
Enforcement
$17,471.7  $20,100.0  $19,354.8  $19,354.8  $19,703.5     $348.7
$18,640.1  $19,495.0  $21,102.0  $20,451.2  $21,100.0     $648.8
                                         TOTAL  $36,111.8  $39,595.0  $40,456.8  $39,806.0  $40,803.5    $997.5
                 PERMANENT WORK YEARS
                  Hazardous Waste
                  Enforcement

                  TOTAL  PERMANENT  WORKYEARS
                                   422.2      492.0      492.0      448.7      485.1      36.4
                                   422.2      492.0      492.0      448.7      485.1      36.4
                  TOTAL  WORKYEARS
                  Hazardous  Waste
                  Enforcement

                  TOTAL  WORKYEARS
                                   454.5      492.0      492.0      481.7      485.1       3.4


                                   454.5      492.0      492.0      481.7      485.1       3.4

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                                  HAZARDOUS WASTE


                            Hazardous Waste Enforcement


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of 540,803,500  supported  by 485.1  total  workyears
for 1989,  Increases  of $997,500  and 3.4  total  workyears  above 1988 levels.   Of
the request, $19,703,500 will  be for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and
$21,100,000 will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation,
Increases of $348,700 and $648,800,  respectively.

Program Description

     Hazardous  Waste  Enforcement  —   This  program  serves  to  ensure national
compliance with the Resource Conservation  and  Recovery Act (RCRA)  of 1976, Includ-
ing the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984.  The  goal  of the RCRA
program 1s to promote management practices that ensure the handling and disposal  of
hazardous waste 1n  an  environmentally  sound manner.   The  principal  objectives  are
to:  (1) Inspect and evaluate hazardous  waste  generator,  transporter,  and facility
compliance with the  statutory,  regulatory,  and  permit requirements Imposed  under
RCRA;  (2)  take  timely   and   appropriate  follow-up enforcement  actions  whether
administrative, civil, or  criminal;  (3)  address  releases  at   RCRA facilities  by
defining and monitoring appropriate corrective actions; and (4)  assist and evaluate
program Implementation 1n  the  States by  providing  national  guidance,  technical
support, training and follow-up enforcement, when appropriate.


HAZARDOUS WASTE ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $40,803,500  supported  by 485.1 total  workyears
for  1989,  Increases  of  $997,500  and  3.4  total  workyears.  Of  the  request,
$19,703,500 will  be for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation  and $21,100,000
will be  for the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation,  Increases  of
$348,700 and $648,800 respectively.  The Increases  support the  additional workload
associated with ongoing corrective action.

     Enforcement resources will  be  targeted to  develop the  enforcement  strategies
for new  regulations  that  encompass  an expanded  universe  of RCRA  facilities,  such
as new waste  listings, and  for Implementation  of  new policy directions,  such  as
land bans,  surface Impoundment  compliance and  corrective action.  This Includes
guidelines for  monitoring,  through  tests  and   recordkeeplng   requirements,  the
compliance of  generators,  owners, .and  operators  with  new  listings  and waste  defi-
nitions to  determine  whether their  wastes are  hazardous.   Enforcement  strategies
for rules  addressing major cross-media  concerns  such  as air  emissions from treat-
ment, storage  and  disposal facilities  (TSDFs)  and municipal  waste combustion will
be completed.   Policies and  guidance will  be  developed  for using  RCRA  and CERCLA
enforcement tools  in  a complementary manner to ensure  that the  worst  facilities
will be  addressed  in  as  timely  a manner  as possible.   Policies  and guidelines will
also be developed for closure compliance.

     Corrective action activities will be expanded at  operating and enviromnentalTy
significant closing  facilities.   The Agency will  continue to assess the  need  for
corrective action  at  facilities seeking operating  permits,  and will  seek  the  co-
operation  of  owners  and  operators in developing   corrective action plans.  Facili-
ties requiring  corrective  action will  be addressed by the most appropriate means,
whether through  the permit/post-closure process,   issuance  of  a  section  3008(h)
                                     HW-47

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 administrative order, or use  of Superfund enforcement and program authorities  for
 a select number of closed or closing facilities.   The Agency  will  Increase emphasis
 on monitoring the progress of corrective actions  Initiated by owners  and operators.

      The Agency will conduct  thorough  inspections at all land disposal  facilities
•annually, and at treatment and storage facilities biennially, as  required by policy
 and statute,  to  review  compliance  with  permit,  closure,  and  corrective  action
 requirements'.  Significant generators  will  be inspected to  ensure compliance with
 the land ban  regulations.  The  Agency  will  thoroughly Inspect all Federal,  State,
 and local government-owned  or  government-operated TSDFs.   Additional  Inspections
 at commercial  facilities  will  be  conducted  to  ensure  that these  facilities  can
 manage off-site Superfund wastes in an environmentally safe manner.

      The Agency will conduct  inspections  and  technical  evaluations in unauthorized
 States  and  will  provide  support  for  these   evaluations in  authorized States.
 Regional and  State  capabilities In inspections  and training of field  personnel
 will   be  emphasized  as  a   high   priority,  through  conducting  Joint inspections,
 providing  guidelines,   checklists   and  basic  Inspection  protocols.   Timely  and
 appropriate enforcement by the States will be  promoted by offering technical  assis-
 tance, sampling, laboratory analysis, and other  technical  expertise  as  needed.   In
 addition, the Regions will  conduct oversight Inspections and initiate  enforcement
 actions where appropriate.

      The Agency will  emphasize enforcement efforts  at  those  facilities  that  are
 deemed high priority violators  due  to  the type,  the severity, or the  frequency of
 violation.   The Agency will  continue to undertake timely and appropriate enforce-
 ment at these facilities.  Facilities  that  violate corrective action  schedules as
 stated in permits  or corrective  action  orders  will  be targeted for  enforcement
 actions.

      The Agency  will conduct program  reviews   of  the  compliance  monitoring  and
 enforcement programs, Including  corrective action,  in  all  participating  States.
 With the Increased  restrictions of land disposal  resulting from the Land  Bans,
 retrofitting requirements,  and facility closings,  the Agency will place Increased
 emphasis on providing guidance  and  direction  to  the States  for  monitoring genera-
 tors and transporters.   The  Agency  will  work closely with  the  States  to  augment
 their capabilities to. enforce new HSWA  requirements,  to  train new State personnel,
 to evaluate  State grant  accomplishments, and  to  facilitate  HSWA  authorization.

      The Agency  will  continue  to  perform  detailed  analyses   to   ensure  sound
 financial and programmatic management.  A strong information program  will  support
 improvements introduced in  prior years,  allow  implementation of the RCRA  Infor-
 mation System  (RCRIS),  address  Congressional and public   inquiries  and  support
 program analysis  and evaluation activities.  The Agency  will  coordinate  closely
 with the States  to  effect a  smooth  transition from the present   RCRA  Hazardous
 Waste Data  Management  System  (HUDMS)  to RCRIS, which  emphasizes   automated data
 transfer, wide  accessibility,   and   standardized  formats   among   the   Regions,
 States, and Headquarters.


 1988 Program

      The Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $39,806,000  supported by 481.7  total
 workyears,  of which  $19,354,800  will  be from  the Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
 tion,  and  $20,451,200  will   be  from  the  Abatement,   Control, and  Compliance
 appropriation.

      The Agency is initiating development of enforcement strategies for new program
 components such as  corrective action  at  environmental-ly significant RCRA facili-
 ties; generators'  compliance  with  waste characterization, treatment,  and land
 ban requirements; and coordination  with Superfund enforcement activities at Federal
 facilities.
                                      HW-48

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     The Agency provides program  direction,  training,  and technical  assistance  to
both the  Regions  and  the  States  for compliance  monitoring,  corrective  action
requirements and  procedures,  and Information management.   Evaluation of  Regional
and State performance and promulgation of  nationally consistent Interpretations  of
rules, regulations,  and  policies are  also major responsibilities  of the  Agency.
Support  and  evaluation  of   the  States'  programs   continue  through   technical
assistance, training, oversight inspections, and program reviews.

     The  Agency  1s  Inspecting  the   handlers  of  hazardous  waste  and taking
enforcement actions  against those  handlers that  present the  greatest threat  to
human  health  and  the  environment.  Special   emphasis  1s   placed on   Initiating
enforcement actions  that  will  lead  to compliance with  the  new land ban  require-
ments.  The  Agency 1s  ensuring  that  land disposal  facilities  are 1n  compliance
with groundwater  standards, that commercial  facilities  are 1n  compliance  with
the Superfund off-site  policy, and  that releases from environmentally significant
facilities are detected.

     Corrective action activities support  assessment  and monitoring  of  cleanup  at
facilities applying  for  operating permits  as  well  as  monitoring  those closed  or
closing land disposal facilities  already assessed.  In addition, a  priority scheme
1s being Implemented that will emphasize response at   environmentally significant
RCRA closing treatment and storage facilities.


1987 Program

     The  Agency  obligated  a total   of   $36,111,800  supported   by 454.5 total
workyears, of which  $17,471,700  was from  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation,'
and $18,640,100  was from  the Abatement,  Control, and Compliance  appropriation.

     The  Enforcement  Response  Policy  was  revised   to  direct  the enforcement
resources of the Regions and the States to the worst offenders, broadening program-
matic enforcement  efforts  from land  disposers  to Include treaters, storers,  and
generators with  significant violations.    The Enforcement  program Issued land  ban
guidance, developed a model  3008(h) administrative order  and  began  the  delegation
of authority to the Regions for Issuing such orders.   The Agency revised  the Super-
fund  off-site  policy  to  further  ensure  that  off-site  disposal of   Superfund
hazardous waste 1s managed 1n  an environmentally sound manner.

     The Agency performed the  mandated inspections  and addressed virtually  all  of
the significant  non-compilers  with  formal enforcement  actions.   RCRA  Facility
Assessments were  performed  to support the  land disposal  and 'incinerator permit
deadlines and  to   address   significant  closing  land   disposal  facilities.   RCRA
Facility Investigations  were  formally  required either  through  the  imposition  of
permit  conditions,  permit   modifications,  or  Issuance   of  section   3008(h)
administrative orders.
                                      HW-49

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PESTICIDES

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                           Page

PESTICIDES                                                                 P-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Pesticides Research	P-8
          Sci ent 1 f 1 c Assessment	P-l4
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	p-14
          Health Effects	 P-15
          Environmental Engineering and  Technology....	P-16
          Environmental Processes and Effects	P-17
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Registration, Special Registration * Tolerances	P-20
          Regi strati on	P-22
          Special Registration	P-24
          Tolerances	P-25
       Generic Chemical Review	P-27
          Generic Chemical Review	P-?8
    ENFORCEMENT
       Pesticides Enforcement	P-32
          Pesticides Enforcement	 P-3B
          Pesticides Enforcement Grants	P-36
          Pesticides Certification & Training	 P-37
          Pesticides Certification & Training Grants	P-38
                                       P-l

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                                                                PESTICIDES

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 YS 1988
                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

                 APPROPRIATION
                  Salaries ft Expenses           $38,322.3  $42,149.7  $42,244.0  $42,244.0  $42,827.1    $583.1
                  Abatement Control and         $25,644.1  $26,443.1  $35,143.1  $35,143.1  $86,443.1 $51,300.0
                  Compliance
                  Research ft Development         $7,311.6   $7.254.1   $6,922.1   $6,844.7   $8,149.8  $1,305.1

                 TOTAL,  Pesticides              $71,278.0  $75,846.9  $84,309.2  $84,231.8 $137.420.0 $53,188.2


7                PERMANENT WORKYEARS                789.0      757.1      777.6      805.5      782.1     -23.4
*»                TOTAL WORKYEARS                    796.9      818.2      831.8      831.7      831.7
                 OUTLAYS                       $69,183.1  $76,403.7  $76,802.7  $76.732.2 $115,605.0 $38.872.8
                 AUTHORIZATION  LEVELS           Authorization for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide. Rodentlclde
                                               Act expired September 30, 1986.  Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.

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                                 PESTICIDES


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     Pesticides are.among the most beneficial  and the most hazardous of substances.
Pesticide products provide benefits to  society, contributing to  agricultural  pro-
ductivity and  controlling  human  diseases.    Yet  they  are  Inherently  hazardous
since they are specifically  formulated to  be  Injurious  to living  target  organisms,
and are deliberately Introduced Into the environment for that purpose.  The Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide,  and  Rodentldde  Act  (FIFRA),   as  amended,  and  Sections
402, 406, 408, and  409 of the  Federal  Food, Drug,  and Cosmetic Act  (FFDCA)  give
the Environmental Protection Agency  authority to  regulate  the  distribution  and
use of  pesticides  in the  United  States. The  Agency 1s  responsible  for  ensuring
that pesticides  perform  their  intended  functions  without  unreasonable  adverse
effects on public health and the environment.   This 1s a task of enormous scope and
complexity.  An  estimated  2.7 billion pounds  of pesticide active  Ingredients are
used  annually   in  this  country,  representing   about  1,500  different  active
Ingredients and 50,000 products.

    The  1989   Pesticides   program   strategically   builds   and   expands  upon
accomplishments achieved by EPA in previous years, and reflects a  continued commit-
ment to  fulfill  the  Congressional  mandate to  balance  health  and  environmental
protection with  economic  stability  and   growth.   Traditionally,  the  Pesticides
.program has functioned  as  a  national  licensing program, focusing  on  the review of
chemicals.  In 1989, this national program will  continue to  play  a major role, but
will be  enhanced by  an  Increased  Regional/State  Implementation presence.   The
Agency's 1989  pesticide regulation  strategy  Includes  the following  elements:  1)
registration of  new  products and  control  of pesticide  residues in the food chain,
2) review  and  reregistrati on  of  existing products,  3)  assuring pesticides  are
used correctly, and  4)  research and  development to support and Improve EPA's ability
to evaluate the  risks  and benefits of pesticides.   In  1989,  the  Agency  will place
major emphasis on  issuing Final  Regulatory  Standards  and Tolerance  Reassessments
(FRSTRs) for existing pesticides with complete data  sets,  and achieving  closure on
the reregistrati on of these  pesticides by  revising  formulations and labels for the
affected end-use products, as required.  The  Agency  also plans to make significant
progress on the storage and disposal of cancelled/suspended pesticides.

Registration Activities

     FIFRA and FFDCA  authorize EPA  to  set the  terms  and conditions  of pesticide
registration, marketing,  and use.  Under  the  Registration  program,  new pesticide
products are registered on the basis  of  data reviewed  by Agency  scientists,  and
current registrations are  amended  to add  new uses and/or  new formulations.  Manu-
facturers are  required  to  conduct  a full  range of health and environmental testing
before marketing their  new products.  This testing uses  sophisticated methodology
and techniques,  enabling the Agency to more accurately  determine  the potential for
groundwater contamination,  residues  on  food  or  feed, worker and applicator expo-
sure/environmental risks, and chronic and acute health hazards.

     The  Special  Registration  program  will  continue  to  perform  an auxiliary
function by  permitting  certain unregistered  pesticide  uses  for  experimental  pur-
poses and to deal with emergency pest situations.   It  also  provides  oversight and
guidance to State Registration and Experimental Use Permit programs.  The Tolerance
program establishes  safe and  enforceable maximum  permissible residue  levels (or
in some  instances exemptions  from  tolerance  requirements)  for  both  active and
inert pesticide  ingredients  in or  on raw  agricultural commodities  and processed
foods.


                                         P-3

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Generic Chemical Review (Including Rereglstration)

     The registrations of the majority of existing pesticide chemicals are supported
by data  bases  which  the Agency  has found  Insufficient  by  today's  standards  to
support the  required  determination  of  "no  unreasonable adverse  effects."   The
Generic Chemical  Review  program  Is  designed  to  remedy this  by  requiring  the
upgrading of the scientific data base supporting registrations, reviewing available
data about each chemical, and formulating scientifically based regulatory positions
to guide the modification, cancellation, or rereglstration of existing products and
the registration of new products.  The  major  activities which support this program
are as follows:

(1)  Registration  Standards  provide the  basis for  the Interim rereglstrati on  of
existing products  and  for the  registration  of new products  containing currently
registered active  Ingredients.  Initially established  on the  basis  of  a  thorough
review of existing Information  on each  pesticide, the  Standards  Identify data  gaps
which must be  filled,  and explain  the Agency's Interim regulatory position  on the
use of  active  Ingredients  common  to  large  numbers of  pesticide  products.   The
program Is focusing  on the  review  of  the highest  volume pesticides  and  food-use
pesticides first 1n order to have the greatest Impact.

(2)  Final Regulatory  Standards and Tolerance Reassessments  (FRSTRs)  with closure
will be  a major  area  of emphasis  1n  1989.   When all  the  data   required  by  a
Registration Standard have been obtained, the Initial Standard 1s revised to become
a FRSTR,  which permits the  Agency  to  reregister the  active  Ingredient.  This  1n
turn permits  the  program to  achieve  real   world   Impact through  rereglstration
closure, Involving end-use product formulation and  label  changes, as  required, for
all products  containing  reregistered  active  Ingredients.  Alternatively,  review
during either the Initial Registration Standard or the second-round standard (FRSTR)
may result In Initiation of Special  Review.

(3)  Special Review Is a  formal process by which pesticides  suspected  of causing
unreasonable adverse effects  are  subjected to Intensive  risk/benefit  analysis and
appropriate regulatory action 1s taken,  such as restricting or prohibiting specific
uses of  a pesticide.    Special  Reviews  will  continue  to   be  a  high  priority.

(4)  Greater emphasis  will be placed on emerging  problem areas,  such as pesticides
1n ground water  and endangered species  protection  from pesticides.   These problems
will entail  a shift to  more site-specific risk assessments and management decisions,
requiring a larger Regional  and State  role.   In 1989, the  Agency  will  begin the
Implementation  of  Its  strategy  for dealing with the problem  of  Agricultural
Chemicals In Groundwater.

(5)  Costs for the disposal  of cancelled/suspended pesticides (currently  ethylene
dibromide (EDB), dlnoseb, and  2,4,5-T/S1Tvex)  will  Increase  substantially 1n 1989,
With 1988 funds,  the  Agency  plans  to  complete  final   disposal  of  EOB  stocks and
a significant  portion  of the  2,4,5-T/S11vex stocks   1n  1988,  depending on  the
availability of  permitted  facilities.    In  1989,   the  Agency   expects  to  make
significant progress on  final disposal  of  remaining 2,4,5-T/S1lvex  stocks  and  on
transportation, storage and disposal of  dlnoseb.

Pesticides Enforcement

     The enforcement provisions  of  FIFRA  are  carried  out  In major  part through
the cooperative efforts of the  States and  Territories,  under  a program of  Federal-
State cooperative enforcement agreements established with EPA.  Participating States
and Territories conduct use Inspections, Inspect pesticide-producing establishments,
maintain marketplace surveillance, and  Inspect dealers  and users  of  restricted-use
pesticides.  In  most  Instances 1n which  violations are detected,  the  States and
Territories develop and prosecute  enforcement cases  as appropriate.   In limited


                                         P-4

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numbers of  cases,   States  and  Territories  may  refer  .cases  to EPA  for  action.
The Agency  encourages  the  States  and Territories  to  design  and  operate  their
enforcement programs so as to place  greatest emphasis upon  compliance  with the use
provisions  of  FIFRA,  thereby  producing   the  greatest  environmental benefit.  The
Agency will  continue  to  support and  manage these  cooperative  efforts  1n  1989.

     The Agency conducts Federal pesticides compliance monitoring programs 1n  cases
1n which  States  or Territories  are  unable or unwilling to support comprehensive
compliance monitoring programs  of their own.  Federal  programs  1n such  Instances
Include use Investigations, Import and export surveillance,  and the preparation and
prosecution of  enforcement  cases.    Other  activities   that  are  exclusively, the
reponslbill ties of the  Agency Include providing technical and compliance assistance
to the States, the  regulated  community and the public,  and operating  an  automated
data system  which  maintains  Information  on  compliance Inspections,   enforcement
actions, and pesticide  production.  Through Its technical and compliance assistance
efforts, the Agency also emphasizes  such areas  as ground water contamination,  farm-
worker protection, development  of  State enforcement response policies  under  FIFRA
Sections 26  and  27, and  tracking  FIFRA   Section  3(c)(2)(B) product  registration
cancellations.

Research and Development

     The Office  of Research  and Development  (ORD)  will continue  to   support  the
Office of  Pesticide  Programs (OPP)  by performing  research 1n the  areas  of test
method development and  validation; biomarkers, dosimetry and extrapolation; exposure
monitoring; environmental  engineering  and  technology; ecology;  and  biotechnology.
In addition,  ORD will   continue to  provide  technical support  to OPP  in exposure
assessment  and  monitoring  procedures   and  risk  assessment  methodologies  for
oncogenicity, mutagenicity and both  reproductive  and developmental toxlcity.

     Additional biotechnology research  will  be  performed in the areas  of health
effects, including  the  interactive  genetic  aspects  of  microbial pesticide agents
containing recombinant   genes  with health   implications,  and environmental effects,
Including development of multlspecies testing protocols.  Increased  resources will
be used by ORD to develop and  test  technologies for the destruction  and disposal
of cancelled/suspended  pesticides.
                                         P-5

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                                     PESTICIDES
Actual
1987
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
Incremental Outputs
Special Review Decisions..
New Chemical and Biochemical/
Mlcroblal Agent Reviews .
Amended Registration
Reviews 	 7

Emergency Exemption
Revl ews 	 	
Experimental Use Permit
24(c) State Registration
Temporary Tolerance
Tolerance Petition
Inert Ingredient
Producer Establishment
Inspections a/..... 	 1
Use/Reentry arfd Experimental
Marketplace ~
Import Inspection's a/.....
Applicator License ~
and Record Inspections .. 9
State Dealer
Federal Laboratory
Inspections 	 	
Test Study Audits 	

Administrative OFders a/ .
Civil Litigations a/ .7...
Criminal Litigation's a/ ..
Registration Standard""
Guidance Packages
Established 	
Final Regulatory Standards
and Tolerance Reassessments
(FRSTRs) 	
Cumulative Outputs
Registration Standard
Guidance Packages
Established 	
Review of Incoming Studies
on Existing Chemicals ... 1
15
253
,038
,947
568
391
329
466
108
465
49
,910
.457
,428
412
,196
,399
86
478
,380
741
104
25
2
167
,478
Budget
Estimate
1988
13
330
4,025
5,825
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
0
0
5,220
475
175
20
5
• 187
2,183
Current
Estimate
1988
13
330
3,750
5,950
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
0
0
5,220
475
175
15
10
182
2,068
Request
1989
13
330
3,850
5,950
300
250
400
475
150
475
60
2,070
18,000
4,000
630
18,000
18,100
0
0
5,220
475
175
15
12
197
2,658
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
1989 vs. 1988
+100
+2
+15
+590
a/ Includes both Federal  and State enforcement activities





                                        P-6

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    Research
and Development

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                            Page
PESTICIDES

    RESEARCH * DEVELOPMENT
       Pesticides Research	P-8
          Sci enti f 1 c Assessment	P-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	P-14
          Health Effects	P-15
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	P-16
          Environmental Processes and Effects	P-17
                                        P-7

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                                                     PESTICIDES
                                                Pesticides Research
                                      ACTUAL
                                        1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988
ENACTED
  1988
 CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
  1988              1989 VS 1988
      PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
•o

00
      Scientific Assessment -
      Pesticides
       Salaries 4 Expenses
       Research & Development
                              TOTAL
Monitoring Systems A
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research 4 Development
                        TOTAL
      Health Effects -
      Pesticides
       Salaries 4 Expenses
       Research & Development
                              TOTAL
      Environmental
      Engineering And
      Technology - Pesticides
       Salaries A Expenses
       Research & Development
                              TOTAL
      Environmental Processes
      * Effects - Pesticides
       Salaries A Expenses
       Research A Development
                              TOTAL
$384.0
$316.7
$700.7
$392.8
$1,178.1
$1,570.9
$1.883.4
$1,849.6
$3,733.0
$55.5
$801.5
$857.0
$2,661.9
$3,165.7
$5,827.6
$440.8
$363.3
$804.1
$438.7
$1,065.4
$1.504.1
$2,215.1
$1,811.0
$4,026.1
$61.0
$907.9
$968.9
$3,187.2
$3,106.5
$6,293.7
$420.3
. $363.3
$783.6
$415.8
$969.4
$1,385.2
$2.122.6
$1,681.0
. $3,803.6
$52.0
$801.9
$853.9
$3,026.0
$3,106.5
$6,132.5
$420.3
$363.3
$783.6
$415.8
$957.2
$1.373.0
$2.122.6
$1.667.9
$3,790.5
$52.0
$790.2
$842.2
$3,026.0
$3.066.1
$6.092.1
$429.5
$343.6
$773.1
$424.9
$957.2
$1.382.1
$2.169.1
$1.667.9
$3,837.0
$159.4
$2.115.0
$2.274.4
$3.092.3
$3.066.1
$6.158.4
$9.2
-$19.7
-$10.5
$9.1
$9.1
$46.5
$46.5
$107.4
$1,324.8
$1.432.2
$66.3
$66.3

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                                                PESTICIDES
                                           Pesticides Research

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE*
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses            $5,377.6   $6,342.8   $6,036.7   $6,036.7   $6,275.2    $238.5
 Research & Development         $7,311.6   $7,254.1   $6,922.1   $6,844.7   $8,149.8  $1,305.1

Pesticides Research     TOTAL  $12,689.2  $13,596.9  $12,958.8  $12,881.4  $14,425.0  $1,543.6


PERMANENT HORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment -              6.1        6.7        6.7        6.7        6.7
Pesticides

Monitoring Systems *                 6.3        7.4        7.4        7.3        7.3
Quality Assurance
Pesticides

Health Effects -                    32.1       38.7       38.7       38.1       38.1
Pesticides

Environmental                          5        1.0        1.0        1.0        3.0       2.0
Engineering And
Technology - Pesticides

Environmental Processes             46.9       61.8       61.8       61.2       61.2
* Effects - Pesticides

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS           91.9      115.6      115.6      114.3      116.3       2.0

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                                               PESTICIDES
                                          Pesticides Research


TOTAL WORK YEARS
Scientific Assessment -
Pesticides
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance
Pesticides
Health Effects -
Pesticides
-o Environmental
•- Engineering And
ACTUAL
1987


6.3
7.1
35.4
1.3
BUDGET
ESTIMATE •
1988
(DOLLARS IN

6.7
7.4
38.7
1.0
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)

6.7
7.4
38.7
1.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988


6.7
7.3
38.1
1.0
REQUEST
1989


6.7
7.3
38.1
3.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988





2.0
Environmental Processes
& Effects - Pesticides
 55.2
61.8
61.8
61.2
61.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
105.3      115.6
          115.6
          114.3      116.3
                      2.0

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                                     PESTICIDES


                                Pesticides Research


                           Principal Outputs by Objective



Objective 1:  Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies

1989;  o  Report  on  short-term  predictors  of chronic  toxlclty  to pesticides  on
          crustacean populations.  (Environmental  Processes)
       o  Assessment of  neurotoxldty 1n  workers,  occupationally exposed to organo-
          phosphorus pesticides:   A neurobehavloral and  biochemical  study (Health)

1988;  o  Report on  the  role of salinity  In  toxlclty  of pesticides  to crustaceans
          (Environmental  Processes)

1987:  o  Final Report:  Methods manual  for spawning, culturing and testing anther-
          1n1d fishes (Environmental Processes)
       o  Report describing  validated  test  protocol  to  detect  and  characterize
          neurotoxldty  (Health)


Objective 2;  Perform  Health  Research on Biological Markers, Doslmetry and Extra-
polation

1989:  o  Report on  markers  and  dosimetry research activity  for  exposure monitor-
          Ing  (Monitoring)
       o  Report on  blomarkers as  Indicators of pesticide  exposure  (Monitoring)

1988;  o  Systems  plan  for Implementation  of biomarkers/pharmacokinetics research
          program  (Monitoring)


Objective 3;  Perform Ecological  Research Including Transport, Fate and Field Vali-
dation

1989:  o  Report on  field  validation  of enclosure protocols  for  evaluating  pesti-
          cides in  natural  waters  (Environmental  Processes)
       o  Groundwater  pesticides assessment  manual  for  the  Office  of  Pesticide
          Programs, States and county extension professionals  (Environmental
          Processes)

1988;  o  Report on effects  of  field  applications  of agricultural pesticides  on
          estuarine biota  (Environmental Processes)

1987;  o   User  guide/manual   for  unsaturated-saturated  zone  pesticide  exposure
          model  (Environmental Processes)


Objective 4:  Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA

1989;  o  Report on  the  performance results  of a  pilot-scale trial  burn of Dinoseb
          pesticide formulations  (Engineering)
       o  Report on performance result of full-scale  incineration operations of EDB
          inventory disposal  (Engineering)
                                         P-ll

-------
       o  Report on  small  pilot-scale combustion characteristics  of the pesticide
          Dinoseb utilizing low-NOx burner techniques  (Engineering)

1988;  o  Report  on  field  study  of the  effectiveness  of protective  clothing for
          agricultural  pesticide operations  (Engineering)
       o  Report on  laboratory  study of  the  effectiveness of  protective  clothing
          materials for agricultural pesticide operations  (Engineering)

1987;  o  Report on evaluations of the  permeation resistance  of polymer gloves for
          agricultural  use in pesticide formulation   (Engineering)


Objective 5:  Perform Exposure Monitoring Research

1989;  o  Final  report on  the  Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure  Study  (NOPES)
          methodology (expanded  to Include a second  city)  (Monitoring)

1988:  o  Progress report on completion of the NOPES  (Monitoring)


Objective 6;  Perform  Research  on Biotechnology and Microbiat and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents

1989;  o  Final  report on  validation  of selected  multlspecies test  systems for
          natural and genetically engineered mlcrobial  pest control agents
          (Environmental  Processes)
       o  Microoporidon classification based on monoclonal antibodies
       o  Report on  survival  of BCAs released  into  the  atmosphere  (Environmental
          Processes)

1988;  o  Report on the movement and  survival  of a  biological  control agent in two
        .  natural systems  (Environmental  Processes)

1987;  o  Report on laboratory testing and evaluation of selected MPCAs on non-tar-
          get (terrestrial) arthropods  (Environmental  Processes)


Objective 7;  Perform Studies on Ecotoxlcity and Develop Environmental Risk Assess-
ment Protocols

1989;  o  Report on relative  importance  of  uptake routes  of  an  organophosphate
          chemical   (Environmental  Processes)
       o  Final  report on  biological  data base for  risk assessment  (Environmental
          Processes)

1988; o  Report  on physiochemical  factors affecting acute toxicity  (Environmental
         Processes)


Objective 8:  Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities

1989:  o  Annual report on operation of pesticide repository  (Monitoring)

1988;  o   Report  on  the  spread   of  antibiotic   resistance   in  the  environment
          (Monitoring)
                                         P-12

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                                     PESTICIDES


                                Pesticides Research
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of  $14,425,000  supported  by 116.3 total  workyears
for 1989, an  increase of  $1,543,600 and  2.0 total workyears  from 1988.   Of the
request, $6,275,200  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation  and
$8,149,800 will be for  the  Research and  Development  appropriation,  increases  of
$238,500 and $1,305,100, respectively.

Program Description

     The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticlde Act (FIFRA) and the Federal
Food, Drug  and Cosmetics  Act require  the regulation  of  pesticide  use  to  avoid
unreasonable adverse  effects  to public  health  and the environment.   The  research
program improves our understanding of how pesticides interact with human activities
and the  environment,  to  assure that  their  use  minimizes  damage from  pests,  while
maximizing the protection of man's food, health and the.environment.

     Objective 1;   Develop  and  Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies.  This re-
search effort develops and validates  environmental  and health test methods for use
by industry  to assist  them  in  meeting  pesticide  registration   requirements  and
enforcement responsibilities under Sections 3 and 26 of FIFRA.

     Objective 2:   Perform  Health  Research  on  Biological Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation.This  research  effort develops methods  for  extrapolating  from high
to low doses between  mammalian  species,  evaluates dermal  penetration of pesticides
and examines  structure  activity relationships.   Biological markers are  evaluated
and tested to  determine  their potential  use  in  exposure monitoring studies.  This
information is used by the Agency  to evaluate pesticide data  submitted by industry
as part of the registration and re-registration process.

     Objective 3:   Perform  Ecological Research Including Transport, Fate and Field
Validation.Thisresearcheffortvalidateslaboratorystudies byquantifying
pesticide effects  through field testing in order  to evaluate mortality, reproduction
and recovery potential  of  fishes,  invertebrates, birds and  other  organisms.  This
approach allows comparison  between  laboratory  studies and actual  field  results.
This research  also  investigates the  movement  of pesticides through the environment
in order to  determine the  eventual  disposition  of pesticides in  the  environment.

     Objective 4:   Perform Engineering Research In Support of FIFRA.  This research
effort provides information   on  protective clothing and  equipment for  pesticide
loaders, mixers, and  applicators  to  meet the Office of Pesticides Programs'  (OPP)
regulatory needs under FIFRA.

     Objective 5:   Perform Exposure Monitoring Research.  This research  effort de-
velops equipment and  specialized  monitoring  protocols and  procedures for  total
human exposure  monitoring   for pesticide   exposure  to  characterize  sources  and
routes of exposure for national pesticide monitoring efforts.

     Objective 6:   Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial   and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents.  This research  effort  evaluates the effects  of microbial and
biochemical  pest control  agents (MBPCAs) and products  of  biotechnology  on humans
and the environment to support registration activities of OPP.
                                       P-13

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     Objective 7;  Perform Studies on  Ecotoxicity  and Develop  Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols.  This  research effort  provides the  means to  determine the
risk posed to actual ecosystems by environmental pollutants by determining critical
endpoints and devising mathematical  models  in order to predict impacts.  This work
will provide  risk  assessment  protocols  and  guidelines  for  use   in  determining
potential effects to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

     Objective 8:  Provide  Support  Services  for FIFRA Activities.  This activity
provides support to  risk  and  exposure  assessments by  providing  quality assurance
materials and reference compounds for pesticide residue analyses.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $773,100 supported by  6.7 total  workyears for
this program, of which $429,500 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $343,600 will  be for  the Research and  Development appropriation.  This repre-
sents an increase of $9,200 and a decrease  of $19,700, respectively, and no change
in total workyears.   The decrease  in the  Research and  Development appropriation
reflects a minor shift from extramural research to Inhouse research.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods for FIFRA Studies.  The  Scientific  Assess-
ment program will continue to develop methods to determine reproductive dysfunction
as well  as pesticide  specific assessment  methods for  exposure and  health   risks
from cancer  and  mutagenicity.   These methods  will be  used  by Industry  to meet
pesticides registration and   re-registration  responsibilities under  Section  3  of
FIFRA.

     Provide  Support  Services  for FIFRA Activities.  The  Scientific  Assessment
program will continue to  prepare health risk  assessments  for cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/developmental  effects  and  exposure to  support OPP implement-
ation of  FIFRA  Section   3  provisions  for evaluating risk  from  pesticides  use.
Other efforts will provide for consultation on program office assessments.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating a total of $783,600  supported by 6.7  total
workyears for this  program,   of  which $420,300 is  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $363,300 is from the Research and Development appropriation.  The
program is continuing to  develop  exposure risk assessment methods  and prepare and
review health risk assessments.

1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $700,700 supported  by  6.3  total
workyears for this  program,  of which  $384,000  was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $316,700  was  from the  Research and  Development appropriation.
In 1987, an  analysis was made of  the Linuron data  base,  a  pesticide which was
under Special Review, in  order to validate the accuracy  of  data submitted to OPP.
A technical issue paper on chlorodane and heptachlor was peer reviewed.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $1,382,100  supported  by 7.3  total  workyears
for this program,  of which $424,900  will  be  for   the  Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and  $957,200  will   be  for  the  Research  and Development appropriation.


                                          P-14

-------
This represents  an  Increase of  $9,100  In the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and no  change  in the  Research and  Development appropriation or  total  workyears.
The Increase In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the monitoring program.

     Perform  Health  Research  on Biological Markers, Doslmetry and Extrapolation.
In this area, systematic studies will be undertaken to Identify and test biological
markers for  use  1n monitoring  human  exposure to  priority pesticide  chemicals.

     Perform Exposure Monitoring Research.  This research  will  develop  methods of
measurement for total human exposure to pesticides.  These  methods  will  be used to
provide data  on actual  human  exposure  to Individual  pesticides  and  to quantify
frequency distributions and  geographical  and seasonal  variability.   Previous work
has determined that  site  measurements  of various  pollutants  do  not provide repre-
sentative data on actual personal exposure to Individuals.

     Provide Support Services for FIFRA Activities.  This program  will  operate the
pesticide and Industrial chemical repository which annually distributes over 30.000
standard samples to over 1500 laboratories 1n over 50  countries.   Emphasis will be
placed on  certification  of compared  purity  in  preparation  and  distribution of
materials.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of  $1,373,000 supported by  7.3 total
workyears for this  program, of  which  $415,800  is  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  $957,200 is  from  the Research and  Development appropriation.
In 1988, a coordinated effort  with  the  health  research program will be underway to
identify and test  biological  markers of exposure  to  priority pesticide chemicals.
Monitoring equipment,  expertise  and staff  to  provide  protocols  and methodologies
for total human exposure monitoring for pesticides will be provided.  .


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $1,570,900  supported  by   7.1 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $392,800  was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $1,178,100  was from the  Research and Development appropriation.
Annual reports  were  published  for  the  data  comparison program  for pesticides and
for the  pesticides  and  industrial  chemicals   repository.   The  Non-Occupational
Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES) was Initiated.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $3,837,000 supported by  38.1  total   workyears
for this program, of which $2f>169,100 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $1,667,900  will 'be for the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents  an  increase  of $46,500 in the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and no  change  in the  Research and  Development appropriation or  total  workyears.
The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects a general enhance-
ment of inhouse support for the health effects  program.

     Develop and Validate  Test Methods for FIFRA Studies.  Health  effects efforts
will develop  and refine bioassays  for  the detection  of  adverse developmental and
reproductive effects for  use  by industry as part  of  FIFRA  Section 3 evaluation of
risks.  Techniques  will   be  developed,  validated,  refined  and   implemented  for
determining genetic  effects  caused  by  human   exposure  to  chemical-  carcinogens


                                        P-15  '

-------
and mutagens.   Methods  will   be  developed to  define  the  relationship  between
biological Indicators of neurotoxicity and disease.

     Perform  Health  Research on Biological Markers, Dosimetry  and Extrapolation.
Re search efforts will  develop animal  models for assessing health risks  caused by
pesticides, including  comparison  of j£  vivo and  in  vitro methods  for estimating
the dermal penetration of pesticides.  These models" will  assist in the evaluation
of pesticides data  submitted  as  part of the registration  and re-registration  pro-
cess.

     Perform  Research  on Biotechnology and Hicrobial and Biochemical  Pest Control
Agent's"!  Research in this  area will provide methods  for detecting, identifying and
monitoring biological  pesticide  agents  in  mammalian cells  as a  basis  for  test
protocols to  support microbial  pesticide  registration.   Emphasis  will be  on the
interactive aspects of  genetically altered microbial  pesticide control agents  with
health Implications.   The results  of this research  will provide  the  basis for
validation of Subpart M guidelines  for testing microbial pesticides.


1988 Program                      .

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $3,790,500 supported  by  38.1
total workyears  for this  program,  of which $2,122,600 is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $1,667,900 is from the  Research  and Development  appro-
priation.  Data  on  the effects  of microbial and  biochemical  pest  control   agents
and genetically engineered pesticides will be provided, health effects  test methods
are being developed, and  research  on extrapolation,  dosimetry and biological  mar-
kers are being performed.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $3,733,000 supported  by 35.4  total
workyears for this  program, of which  $1,883,400  was from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $1,849,600  was from the  Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987,  pro toco >s  were developed  in the  area  of immune toxicology  in support of
FIFRA testing guidelines.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $2,274,400 supported by 3.0 total workyears for
this program, of which  $159,400 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $2,115,000 will  be  for the Research and Development appropriation.  This  repre-
sents Increases  of  $107,400 and $1,324,800, respectively, and an Increase  of 2.0
total workyears.  This increase will fund  additional testing  and  evaluation of
environmentally sound  and  cost-effective  technologies  for   the  destruction and
disposal of  pesticides  which  have  been   cancelled   and  suspended  under   FIFRA.

     Perform Engineering Research in Support of FIFRA.  This  research  effort will
increase to provide engineering  support  to  test and  evaluate environmentally  safe
and cost-effective  technologies   for  the  destruction  and disposal  of  pesticide
stocks cancelled and  suspended under  FIFRA.  Activities  will  include assessments
of existing or  proposed technologies, recommending and preparing  action  plans for
disposal, and technical  specifications  for  the  disposal/destruction  of  cancelled
and suspended pesticides.  Evaluation of selected protective garments for pesticide
applicators and femulators will  also be conducted.
                                       P-16

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is allocating a total  of  $842,200  supported by 1.0 total
workyear for  this  program,  of which  $52,000 is  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $790,200  is  from  the  Research  and Development  appropriation.
Engineering research activities are continuing to provide information on the effect-
iveness of  protective  garments  for pesticide mixers,  loaders and  applicators as
well as research on  disposal/destruction  technologies for  cancelled and suspended
pesticides.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of $857,000  supported  by  1.3 total
workyears for this  program, of  which $55,500 was  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $801,500 was  from the  Research  and  Development  appropriation.
Significant progress was made on the development of a laboratory method for measur-
ing the permeation of pesticide formulations through polymer gloves.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $6,158,400 supported by 61.2 total workyears for
this program, of which  $3,092,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and $3,066,100 will be for the Research and Development appropriation.  This repre-
sents an increase of $66,300 in Salaries and Expenses and no change in the Research
and Development appropriation or total workyears.  The increase in the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation reflects a  general  enhancement of  inhouse  support  for this
program.

     Develop and Validate Test  Methods  for FIFRA Studies.  Research  efforts will
develop and  validate  bioassays  and  other  methodologies  for  use as  standardized
testing protocols to determine the effects of chemical pesticides on marine, fresh-
water and terrestrial  animals.  These efforts will provide testing  methods which
the Agency can recommend for use by pesticide manufacturers.

     Perform  Ecological  Research  Including Transport, Fate and Field Validation.
Research in this area will concentrate on the  development, refinement and validation
of techniques and  models  to predict pesticide transport,  degradation  and  fate, as
well as exposure estimates  of pesticides through surface  and  subsurface matrices.
The effects  of  pesticides  on  estuarine  biota  and avlans  will   be  investigated.
Aquifer types, run-off problems, and  no till  agricultural  practices  will  be evalu-
ated for their relationship to groundwater pollution.

     Perform  Research  on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents"!  Research in this  area will develop  and  improve  testing  protocols  for un-
altered Microbial  Pest  Control Agents (MPCAs) and  genetically altered Biological
Control Agents (BCAs).   Research results will  supply testing protocols for  subpart
M guidelines  used  by  industry to  provide  data  on which  regulatory  actions  are
based.

     Perform  Studies  on  Ecotoxlcity  and Develop  Environmental  Risk Assessment
Protocols.Research in  this area  will  develop  methodologies  to predict  risk to
ecosystems.  The development  of ecological  risk assessment protocols  and  guidance
for terrestrial  and  aquatic ecosystems  is  necessary  to  quantify the probability
that adverse effects may occur  as a  result of exposure to pesticides and to estimate
the significance  of such effects  in the  environment.   Activities  will  include
developing risk assessment  methodologies  for  pesticides by  combining exposure and
hazard data  via  transport,  fate  and effects models.  Physiochemical  factors and
                                        P-17

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impacts of pesticides on different populations will be incorporated into ecological
risk assessments.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $6,092,100  supported  by 61.2
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $3,026,000 is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $3,066,100  is  from the  Research  and  Development appro-
priation.  This  program  will  develop  test methods in support  of FIFRA guidelines,
perform research on transport, fate and field validation, and determine the effects
of biological pest control agents.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a total  of $5,827,600 supported  by 55.2 total
workyears for this program, of which $2,661,900  was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $3,165,700  was  from the Research  and Development appropriation.
Sixteen major reports supplied the Agency information on toxicity methods, on field
effects and  exposure  estimates,  and on  biotechnological studies and  risk evalua-
tions.
                                        P-18

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Abatement and Control

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Registration, Special  Registration &  tolerances	,	P-20
          Regi st rat 1 on	P-22
          Sped al  Regi stration	P-24
          Tolerances	 P-25
       Generic Chemical Review	P-27
          Generic Chemical  Review	 P-28
                                        P-19

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                                               PESTICIDES
                             Registration,  Special Registration  ft  Tolerances

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET      ENACTED     CURRENT     REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                  1987      ESTIMATE       1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS  1988

                                          (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Registration
 Salaries A Expenses            $9,232.7   $8,839.1    $8,776.0   $8,776.0   $8,758.3    -$17.7
 Abatement Control  and          $3,369.1   $3,230.0    $3,230.0   $3,230.0   $3,230.0
 Compliance
                        TOTAL  $12,601.8  $12,069.1   $12,006.0  $12,006.0  $11,988.3    -$17.7

Special Registration
 Salaries Ji Expenses            $1,871.8   $2,089.4    $2,071.4   $2,071.4   $2,111.8     $40.4
                        TOTAL   $1,871.8   $2,089.4    $2,071.4   $2,071.4   $2,111.8     $40.4

Tolerances
 Salaries * Expenses            $2,607.0   $2,898.3    $2,873.0   $2,873.0   $2,927.8     $54.8
                        TOTAL   $2,607.0   $2,898.3    $2,873.0   $2,873.0   $2,927.8     $54.8


TOTAL:
 Salaries * Expenses           $13,711.5  $13,826.8  $13,720.4  $13,720.4  $13,797.9     $77.5
 Abatement Control and          $3,369.1   $3,230.0   $3,230.0   $3,230.0   $3,230.0
 Compliance

Registration, Special   TOTAL  $17,080.6  $17,056.8  $16,950.4 , $16,950.4  $17,027.9     $77.5
Registration &
Tolerances


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Registration                        183.3      166.0      170.0      161.1      160.0      -1.1

Special Registration                36.4       39.2       39.2       38.7       39.2        .5

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                   PESTICIDES
Registration', Special Registration A Tolerances
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN




-o
ro
Tolerances
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Registration
Special Registration
Tolerances
TOTAL WORKYEARS
65.1
284.8
195.0
39.0
68.9
302.9
69.9
275.1
166.0
39.2
69.9
275.1
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
THOUSANDS)
69.9
279.1
170.0
39.2
69.9
279.1

69.0
268.8
161.1
38.7
69.0
268.8
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 19fl

69.9
269.1
160.0
39.2
•69.9
269.1

.9
.3
-1.1
.5
.9
.3

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                                     PESTICIDES


                 Registration, Special Registration, and Tolerances
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of  $17,027,900  supported by 269.1 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $77,500 and 0.3 total workyears from 1988.  Of the request,
$13,797,900 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and $3,230,000 will
be for the Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appropriation,  an Increase  of $77,500
in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no  change  1n  the Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation.

Program Description
     The Agency evaluates all proposed pesticides  under  a "no unreasonable adverse
effects" standard,  taking Into  account the  economic,  social,  and  environmental
risks and  benefits  of the use  of any pesticide.  These  activities  are authorized
by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and  Rodentlclde Act  (FIFRA),  which requires
that a pesticide  be  registered  by EPA before it can  legally  be  sold, distributed,
or made available  for use,  and the  Federal  Food,  Drug,  and  Cosmetic Act (FFDCA),
which requires the establishment of safe pesticide residue levels on  food and feed.
This subactlvlty Includes three program areas:

     Registration —  Under this  program,  new pesticide products may  be registered
and current registrations may be amended  to add uses  or  new  formulations.   Regis-
tration decisions Involve: 1) reviewing formulation,  effect, exposure, and use data
to ensure  that product use will  not result in  "unreasonable  adverse  effects";  and
2) limiting  the  risks   associated  with  use  through label  precautions,  special
packaging requirements,  application  directions, and  where  necessary,  restriction
of use to trained applicators.

     Special Registration — The purpose of this program  1s to respond to requests
for experimental  use  permits and emergency  exemptions.   These  permit the  use  of
unregistered pesticides,   or  the use   of  registered  pesticides  for  sites/pests
not included  in  their registration,  to generate  registration  data  or  meet pest
emergencies.  The  program also   reviews   state registrations  of  pesticides  for
special local needs and  state plans  for experimental  use  permits.  These functions
are required by Sections  5,  18,  and 24 of  FIFRA.

     Tolerances —  The   goal  of this  program  1s  to  protect public health  while
giving appropriate consideration  to  the production of an adequate,  wholesome,  and
economical food  supply.   This  Is achieved  by establishing  tolerance  levels  for
residues of  both  active  and inert  pesticide  Ingredients  (or exemption from  the
requirements of a  tolerance)  in  or  on raw  agriculture  commodities  and processed
foods.  Temporary  tolerances  may  be established  for food  or  feed  crops   to  be
marketed following  the   application  of experimental  use pesticides.  Testing  of
analytical methods ensures that  established tolerances can  be adequately enforced.


REGISTRATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $11,988,300 supported by  160.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  of which  $8,758,300 will   be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $3,230,000  will be  for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This  represents a decrease of $17,700  in  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, no change in  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,


                                        P-22

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and a decrease  of 1.1  total  workyears.   The  decreases 1n  Salaries and  Expenses
and total workyears  reflect  a minor  realignment  of  resources  within the  overall
Pesticides program.

     In 1989, the Agency  expects  to  conduct. 330 reviews  of  new  chemicals  and
biochemical/microbial agents,  3,850 reviews of  old  chemicals,  5,950  amended regis-
tration reviews,  and 300  new use  reviews.  This  1s  essentially the  same  level
of reviews as 1s  expected  1n  1988.  Ongoing activities Include the  application  of
more stringent requirements for  conditional  registrations;  the enhancement  of  the
quality of  scientific  reviews  through  standard  evaluation procedures;  and  the
automated integration  of  EPA records  of  scientific  studies,  reviews,  product
information and other data,  including  product  formula information.  Registration
reviews will  continue to emphasize  impact  on  ground water and  endangered species.

     The emphasis   on processing of  new  chemicals and  new uses  (especially  the
first food use  of any  pesticide)  will be  continued  in 1989.   Resources  used  in
1988 for the old chemicals  and amendments productivity Initiative will be redirected
in 1989 to  process  old  chemical reviews.   Continued attention will  be given  to
biochemical/microbial agents  to  determine  the  scope of  required  regulatory  changes
and necessary interagency coordination.

     Increased emphasis  will  be given to ground  water  contamination  Including
registrant monitoring, more extensive  use  of  environmental  fate  test  data,  geo-
graphical restrictions, and restricted use classifications.   This will help prevent
future environmental   cleanup   problems.   Revisions  to the  Agricultural   Worker
Protection Standards   regulations (40  CFR  170)  governing  pesticide-treated  field
reentry intervals, protective clothing, other  work  practices,  and  label  warnings
are expected to be published as  a  final  rule.   In 1989, registration fees  will  be
collected following the expected publication of a  final  rule  in 1988.

     Regional liaison  will be   Improved  by  detailing  Headquarters personnel  to
Regional offices  or  hiring and  training  new  staff.   This  will  improve  Regional
and State understanding  of Headquarters  regulatory  activities, involve  them more
routinely in  consultations  on   policies   affecting  their   mission, and  provide
feedback to  Headquarters   on  Issues  of  concern  to  specific  Regions  and  States.
Increased liaison  efforts  will  also  facilitate enforcement, improve public under-
standing and  compliance  with  EPA  policies,   improve  oversight   of  Section  18
(emergency exemptions)  and  Section   24(c)  (special  local   needs)  programs,  and
relieve the  burden  on  Headquarters  resources posed  by special  problems  (e.g.,
container disposal,  ground water  contamination)  which  can  be more  effectively
addressed at the Regional level.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating a total  of $12,006,000 supported  by 161.1
total workyears for  this  program,  of which  $8,776,000 is   from the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $3,230,000 is from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988, resources are being shifted from old chemical  and amended registration
reviews to  the  Regions  (via  the Certification and Training program) in  order to
develop an  expert Regional capability for pesticide regulatory  activities.  The
reduction in  resources  for old  chemicals  and  amendments will  reduce  outputs  and
increase average  elapsed times for these types  of reviews.   However, an evaluation
of the productivity  of the old chemicals and amendments review process will be used
to attempt  to reduce the cost of these activities while insuring  adequate quality
of required   reviews.   Any  cost  reductions  achieved  through the  productivity
initiative will result in  increased outputs and shorter delays.

     Proposed revisions to the Agricultural Worker Protection Standards  and a final
rule for registration fees are expected to be published in 1988.


                                         P-23

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of  $12,601,800  supported by 195.0 total
workyears for this program, of which $9,232,700 was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $3,369,100  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1987, the  Registration  program  actively  worked to  reduce risks  to  human
health and the environment by  maintaining priority consideration  of  new chemicals
and new uses  to  permit more rapid entry  Into  the marketplace of  new,  potentially
safer, chemicals which may replace  hazardous chemicals that remain In  use because
no alternatives  exist.  Continued  special  attention  was  given  to  biochemical/
mlcroblal agents.  A notice of proposed rulemaklng was published 1n 1987 concerning
Imposition of registration  fees.


SPECIAL REGISTRATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of $2,111,800  supported  by 39.2  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  Increases   of  $40,400  and  0.5  total workyears.   The  Increases
reflect a minor  realignment of  resources within  the overall Pesticides program.

     Projected outputs for 1989  for emergency exemption reviews,  experimental  use
permit (EUP) reviews,  and  State  and special local need reviews  are the same  as 1n
1988.  Stringent criteria for granting Section 18 exemptions, such as  consideration
of progress  towards  permanent  registration  and clarification  of  "emergency"  and
"significant economic loss", will continue to  be  applied to  avoid  circumvention of
the full registration process.   Headquarters will  continue  to work closely with the
Regions to monitor  emergency exemptions  and State and  local  needs  provisions to
prevent circumvention of registration  requirements.

     In 1989, the  Agency  expects to  accomplish  400 EUP   reviews,  250  emergency
exemption reviews and 475 State  and  special  local need  reviews.  Rapid communication
with affected parties  and  States  and  other measures will  be continued to minimize
processing times and backlogs.  Special emphasis will  continue  to be  placed on the
regulatory implications  of genetically  engineered,  microbial pesticides (GEMPs).


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  1s allocating  a total  of  $2,071,400  supported by  38.7
total workyears  for  this program, all  of which  1s from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1988,  State participation  in the  Emergency  Exemption, Experimental  Use
Permit, and Special Local'Needs programs  is being enhanced  through EPA guidance and
close Federal/State cooperation.  For  experimental use permits,  special  emphasis 1s
being placed  on  the review  of  products  of  biotechnology, which  Involves special
skills and expedited review not required  of more conventional pesticides.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a  total  of $1,871,800  supported  by  39.0  total
workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.


                                         P-24

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     In 1987,  the  Agency completed  a review  of regulations  Issued In  1986 that
established more stringent criteria  for  granting emergency exemptions.   The report
found that the revised regulations were helping assure the validity of the exemption
requests and that  compliance  with the regulations  was  good.   Certain  genetically
engineered mlcroblal pesticides,  requiring notification to the Agency  of Intended
small-scale field testing, were evaluated and experimental  use permits were Issued,
when appropriate, to allow for experimentation with nonregistered products or uses
to develop data needed for registration.


TOLERANCES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $2,927,800  supported  by 69.9  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  Increases of $54,800  and  0.9  total  workyears.   The  Increases
reflect a minor  realignment   of  resources within  the overall  Pesticides program.

     Requested resources will  permit an anticipated 475 tolerance petition reviews,
150 temporary  tolerance  petition  reviews,  and  60  reviews  of  Inert  Ingredient
requests, the same level as  1n 1988.   Special emphasis will be placed on policies to
ensure that tolerances  reflect  the  most  current  regulatory status  of  each active
Ingredient Including revocation of tolerances on cancelled pesticides and tolerance
reassessments 1n conjunction  with Registration Standard review.

     Certain facets  of the Tolerance Assessment System  (TAS), used  to determine
estimates of dietary  exposure to pesticide residues, will be  available 1n micro-
computer form  for  use  by Agency  officials to  Improve  decision-making.   Tolerance
fees will -be  Increased to reflect any Increase  1n  the General  Schedule payscale.

     The processing of  tolerance  petitions will  be modified as  required by Agency
decisions 1n  response  to the  1987  National   Academy  of Sciences  (NAS)  report
concerning the  "Oelaney  Clause"  of the  Federal  Food,   Drug,   and  Cosmetic  Act
(FFDCA).  Resources for follow-up to the NAS  report are  In the  Generic Chemical
Review program since  the major Issues relating to  tolerance  reassessments Involve
existing chemicals reviewed as part of the rereglstrati on.program.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency Is  allocating  a total  of $2,873,000  supported  by 69.0
total workyears  for this  program, all of  which  Is  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     The Tolerance Assessment System (TAS) 1s being updated and  refined  for use by
Agency risk managers.   Increased  emphasis 1s being placed  on  evaluating potential
risks of Inert Ingredients and contaminants.  Crop  group tolerances continue to be
used where applicable  to  reduce  data requirements  and  efficiently  deal  with minor
uses.  A  strategy  for  Implementing  the  recommendations 1n the 1987  NAS report 1s
being prepared.  Tolerance fees  are  being Increased by the percentage  Increase in
pay for General Schedule employees.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $2,607,000  supported  by  68.9 total
workyears for  this program,  all  of which  was  from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.


                                           P-25

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     The National  Academy  of  Sciences (NAS)  Issued a  report  In  response  to  an
Agency request for a  review  of EPA's pesticide tolerance-setting methods  1n  light
of the "Delaney Clause" of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

     The computer-based Tolerance Assessment System  (TAS) was  used  for determining
estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide residues.   Tolerance fees were Increased
by three percent (3%) 1n 1987 to reflect the General  Schedule payralse for civilian
employees.
                                          P-26

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                                                PESTICIDES
                                         Renerlc Chemical  Review

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED »   CURRENT     REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                  1987      ESTIMATE       1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
                                          (HOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Generic Chemical Review
 Salaries K Expenses           $14,213.8  $16,353.6  $16,604.4  $16,604.4  $16,696.9      $92.5
 Abatement Control and         $10,912.9  $10,404.7  $19,104.7  $19,104.7  $70,404.7  $51,300.0
 Compl1ance
                        TOTAL  $25,126.7  $26,758.3  $35,709.1  $35,709.1  $87,101.6  $51,392.5
                               $14,213.8  $16,353.6  $16,604.4  $16,604.4  $16,696.9     $92.5
                               $10,912.9  $10,404.7  $19,104.7  $19,104.7  $70,404.7 $5*1,300.0
       TOTAL:
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control  and
^       Compliance

~      Generic Chenlcal         TOTAL  $25,126.7   $26,758.3   $35,709.1   $35,709.1   $87,101.6 $51,392.5
       Review
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical Review

TOTAL PERMANENT  HORKYEARS
                                          254.9      307.2      323.2      319.4       319.3        -.1

                                          254.9      307.2      323.2      319.4       319.3        -.1
 TOTAL WORKYEARS
Generic Chemical  Review.

TOTAL  WORKYEARS
                                          272.5      307.2      323.2      319.4      319.3        -.1

                                          272.5      307.2      323.2      319.4      319.3        -.1

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                                   PESTICIDES


                            Generic Chemical Review
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a  total  of  $87,101,600  supported by  319.3  total  work-
years for  1989,  an  Increase  of  $51,392,500  and  a  decrease  of  0.1  workyears
from 1988.   Of the  request, $16,696,900  will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation, and  $70,404,700 will  be  for  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation, Increases of  $92,500 and $51,300,000, respectively.

Program Description

     This subactlvlty  Includes:  1)  Registration  Standards and  Final  Regulatory
Standards and  Tolerance  Reassessments  (FRSTRs)   to   enable  the  Agency  to  meet
efficiently the statutory mandate  to update  and  reexamlne Information  on currently
registered pesticides  and to  reregister them,  and 2)  Special  Reviews  conducted
to rigorously  evaluate the  risks  and  benefits  of  pesticides  with  an Identified
potential for  producing significant adverse health  or environmental effects,  and
to take appropriate  regulatory action  (e.g., suspend,  cancel, modify,  or return to
registration).


GENERIC CHEMICAL REVIEW

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $87,101,600  supported by  319.3 total workyears
for this  program,   of which $16,696,900 will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation, and  $70,404,700 will  be  for  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.  This represents an Increase of $92,500 In the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, an Increase of  $51,300,000  1n the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation, and  a decrease of  0.1  total workyears.   The Increase  In  Salaries
and Expenses  reflects Increased personnel costs.   The Increase 1n  the Abatement,
Control and  Compliance appropriation  reflects  a substantial Increase  in the level
of support for pesticides disposal.

     The Agency's responsibility  to bear the  costs of disposal of  cancelled/sus-
pended pesticides will continue 1n 1989.  Under current law, the Agency 1s required
to accept for  safe  disposal  those  pesticide  stocks which have  been suspended under
Section 6(c) of FIFRA,  and subsequently  cancelled.  Significant new resources will
be needed for this effort In 1989 to protect public health and the environment from
the potential hazard that these pesticides  present.  The large Increase  In resources
will allow for  significant progress toward  final disposal of 2,4,5-T/S11vex stocks
and on decannlng, transportation, storage and disposal of dlnoseb.

     The program will  continue the emphasis,  begun  1n 1988,  on Issuance  of Final
Regulatory Standards  and  Tolerance  Reassessments  (FRSTRs)  with  rereglstrati on
closure.  Twelve FRSTRs  with rereglstration closure will  be conducted  compared to
ten planned  In 1988.   FRSTRS are the  product  of  the  updating  of  Registration
Standards when  all   of the  data   required  by  the Data  Call-In   and  Registration
Standards programs are available and reviewed.

      The Agency also expects to  establish  15  Initial  Registration Standards  1n
1989, the same  number as  in  1988.   Initial  standards  will continue to be developed
for potentially high  risk pesticides,  and  to provide  for the continued development
of substantially complete data bases  for FRSTR review In future years.  The number


                                          P-28

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of Initial standards  actually established in  a given year  may vary  according  to
their relative priority with respect to candidates  for FRSTRs.

    The Agency will continue  to  address the  complex issues -raised  by  the  National
Academy of Sciences (NAS)  1987 study  of the Delaney Clause  of the Federal  Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).  These issues have  potentially far-reaching effects
on the reregistrati on  program.

     As a result of ground  water  contamination concerns,  a long-term collaborative
effort is  being developed  by EPA  Headquarters, the  Regions, and  the States  to
integrate pesticide and ground water management programs.   The Agency will  continue
efforts to assess  the  potential  for  agricultural   pesticides  to  contaminate  the
nation's supply of underground drinking water, including  both the likely extent and
degree of contamination.  In addition,  ground  water  contamination  concerns will  be
considered in reregi strati on  and  registration  reviews.   The Regions will  continue
the effort begun  in  1988  to  develop  an  expert  Regional  capability to  support
pesticide regulatory activities,  including a  strong focus  on ground water concerns,
other geographic-specific environmental concerns, and Regional  monitoring.

     Review of  studies  called in during prior years,  including studies of  ground
water contamination and  chronic  health effects, will be  continued.   Priority will
be given to those studies which meet flagging criteria indicating potential adverse
effects.  Remaining studies  will   be  reviewed  in  the  course  of FRSTR  reviews.

     Resources requested for  1989 will  enable the  completion of 13  Special  Review
decisions.  Special Reviews will  be initiated according to criteria  which realis-
tically  reflect  actual  risk,  and  will emphasize  ground water  considerations,
accelerated decision  making,  and increased  use  of  restricted  use  classifications
to control risk.   The number  of Special  Reviews may vary since the  initiation  of
Special Reviews is responsive  to  the identification  of potential   risks  during
Registration Standards  development  and the  receipt  of  studies from  Registration
Standards and Data  Call-in  indicating  potential adverse  effects,  the  outcomes  of
which cannot be predetermined.  If fewer or additional Special Reviews are required,
resources may  be  shifted  between  Special  Reviews  and Registration   Standards  or
FRSTRs.  Administrative  hearings  will  be held  as   required  on regulatory  action
proposed by the Agency in the Special Review process.

     The  results  of   lab  audits  will  be  employed  in  the  Special Review and
Registration processes to assure  the validity of health  and  environmental effects
data used  to  support  pesticide  registration  actions.   Monitoring  of  selected
pesticide exposure  problems and  accidental  exposure incidents  will   be  continued
in cooperation  with  various  Federal,  State  and  other  institutional  sources.
The use  of  Integrated Pest Management (IPM)  techniques  in  urban  pest management
will be  furthered  in  cooperation with  other agencies.   IPM will  be  considered  in
Special  Reviews, on  a  case-by-case  basis,  among  the  full  range of potential
risk-reduction measures examined.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating a total  of  $35,709,100 supported  by 319.4
total workyears for this program,  of which $16,604,400  is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $19,104,700 is from  the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Generic  Chemical  Review  program  element  is  undergoing  a  number  of
significant changes in emphasis in  1988:

      The reregistrati on  program  is  undergoing  a   shift to  the  production  of
second-round Registration   Standards  or  FRSTRs including label  and  formulation
changes on end-use products (FRSTRs with  reregistrati on closure).   This shift will
permit EPA to  begin to address complete data bases which  are accumulating faster


                                         P-29

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than they can  be reviewed, and  will  result  1n  greater environmental  payoffs  and
greater real  world   Impacts  from  the  reregistrati on  program.   Ten  FRSTRs with
reregistration closure are planned for 1988.

     The Agency expects to establish  15 Registration Standards 1n 1988,  five less
than anticipated  1n  the 1988  President's  Budget.   This  reduction  will  permit  a
shift in  resources   to  FRSTRs  with  reregistrati on  closure.   Initial  standards
continue to be developed for potentially high  risk pesticides, and provide  for  the
continued development  of  substantially  complete data  bases  for  second-round  or
FRSTR review in  future years.   Registration  Standards follow-up is  being enhanced
to obtain more  complete payoff both from Registration Standards already  developed
and from other  actions such  as the call-in of toxicology and  exposure Information
for anti-microbials.

     Resources  are  being  redirected  to   respond   to  the  Delaney Clause Issues
highlighted in the National  Academy of Sciences report, including a  likely require-
ment to reassess  tolerances  for  the highest  risk and  most  widely used pesticides.
Thirteen Special Reviews are projected for 1988.  Automated decision support systems
for assessing dietary exposure are being enhanced to support this work.

     In accordance with the shift  in  the focus of ground-water  Initiatives to  the
Regions and  the  States,  Headquarters  personnel  are  being  utilized to  provide
ground-water technical  assistance to  the  Regions.    In  addition,   the Agency  is
continuing efforts to assess the  potential  for agricultural pesticides to  contam-
inate the nation's supply of underground drinking water, Including  both the likely
extent and degree of  contamination.
                i
     Resource needs  for pesticides disposal Increase  1n 1988.  Available  resources
are being used to continue evaluation of alternative  disposal  methods  for all sus-
pended/cancelled chemicals (ethylerie dibromlde (EDB), 2,4,5-T/S1lvex, and dlnoseb).
The Agency plans to dispose of all national stocks of EDB and a significant portion
of the 2,4,5-T/S1l-vex  stocks,  depending on the availability of  permitted disposal
facilities.  The Agency anticipates that a portion  of the dinoseb stocks  that have
already been cancelled/suspended may be decanned and stored  in 1988.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of  $25,126,700 supported  by 272.5 total
workyears for this program, of which $14,213,800 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $10,912,900  was from  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1987, two FRSTRs were conducted, 25 Registration Standards were established,
and Special Review decisions were reached  on 15 chemicals.  New review procedures
were in effect providing for early  involvement of all appropriate EPA offices in  the
development of regulatory decisions, Including Special Reviews.

     In  1987,  the  Data  Call-In  program  called   in  selected missing data  for
antimicrobial pesticides.   The  program also continued to  develop improvements  in
the product  chemistry data  base  necessary  to determine inerts,  impurities,  and
contaminants which are of toxicological  concern in pesticide products.

     Laboratory data  audits  were  conducted  by  the Agency  or  cooperatively with
other agencies  to ensure  the development  of  high-quality test data  on the health
and environmental effects  of pesticides.  The National  Pesticide Monitoring Plan
was completed and transmitted to Congress.
                                          P-30

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Enforcement

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
PESTICIDES
    ENFORCEMENT
       Pesticides Enforcement	,	P-32
          Pesticides Enforcement	P-35
          Pesticides Enforcement Grants	P-36
          Pesticides Certification & Training	P-37
          Pesticides Certification & Training Grants	P-38
                                      P-31

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       PROGRAM
                                                      PESTICIDES
                                                 Pesticides Enforcement
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                                 (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)
Ul
ro
       Pesticides Enforcement
        Salaries & Expenses
        Abatement Control  and
        Compliance
       Pesticides Enforcement
       Grants
        Abatement Control  and
        Compliance
       Pesticides
       Certification ft
       Training Program
        Salaries 4 Expenses
       Pesticides
       Certification &
       Training Grants
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
        $4,500.2   $4,942.1   $4,852.0   $4,852.0   $5,013.3
          $255.0     $105.0     $105.0     $105.0     $105.0

TOTAL   $4,755.2   $5,047.1   $4,957.0   $4,957.0   $5,118.3



        $8,624.2   $8,703.4   $8,703.4   $8,703.4   $8,703.4

TOTAL   $8,624.2   $8,703.4   $8,703.4   $8,703.4   $8,703.4
          $519.2     $684.4   $1,030.5   $1,030.5   $1.043.8
TOTAL     $519.2     $684.4   $1,030.5   $1,030.5   $1,043.8
        $2,482.9   $4,000.0   $4,000.0   $4,000.0   $4,000.0

TOTAL   $2,482.9   $4,000.0   $4,000.0   $4,000.0   $4,000.0
$161.3


$161.3
 $13.3
 $13.3
       TOTAL:
        Salaries A Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
        $5,019.4   $5,626.5   $5,882.5    $5,882.5    $6,057.1
       $11,362.1  $12,808.4  $12,808.4  $12,808.4  $12,808.4
$174.6
       Pesticides Enforcement TOTAL   $16,381.5  $18,434.9  $18,690.9  $18,690.9  $18,865.5    $174.6

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                                                Pesticides Enforcement

                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT
                                        1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                                   1988                  1988
                                          REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                           1989      DECREASE -
                                                  1989 VS  1988
CO
CO
      PERMANENT WORK YEARS
      Pesticides Enforcement

      Pesticides
      Certification *
      Training Program

      TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
      TOTAL WORK YEARS
      Pesticides Enforcement

      Pesticides
      Certification *
      Training Program

      TOTAL WORK YEARS
       (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)




 97.0      104.9      104.9       98.2      104.6        6.4

 10.4       15.4       15.4  .     22.1       22.4         .3

i

107.4      120.3      120.3      120.3      127.0        6.7
105.1      104.9      104.9      104.6      104.6

 11.1       15.4       15.4       22.4       22.4



116.2      120.3      120.3      127.0      127.0

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                                     PESTICIDES


                               Pesticides Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total  of  $18,865,500  supported  by 127.0 total  workyears
for 1989,  an Increase  of  $174,600  and  no  change 1n total  workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $6,057,100 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$12,808,400 will  for  the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance  appropriation,  an
Increase of  $174,600  1n the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation and no  change 1n
the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     The purpose  of  this  subactlvlty  Is to assure that the  pesticide  Industry —
users, producers  and  distributors  — complies  with the  Federal  Insecticide,  Fungi-
cide, and  Rodentlclde  Act  (FIFRA).  This 1s  accomplished  primarily  by  State
activities conducted  under  cooperative  agreements with  EPA.   In addition,  this
subactlvlty will  rebuild pesticide applicator certification  and training programs
In general  and provide  nationally  consistent and  credible  programs  across  the
country to  train  and  certify  applicators,  ensuring  their  competence  to  use
restricted use pesticides.

     The program areas under this subactlvlty Include the following:

     Pesticides Enforcement — The pesticide enforcement program provides  direction
and assistance  to the States  and, where the  States  do not  operate  comprehensive
programs, operates programs  directly.   The Regional  offices negotiate and  manage
cooperative agreements  under  which  the  States  operate enforcement  and  pesticide
applicator certification and training programs.  The Regions assist the States with
enforcement actions and prepare  and  Issue  notices of violation  and administrative
orders 1n Instances where a State does not participate  In  the cooperative enforce-
ment program or where a State  refers a case to the Agency for action.  The Regions
provide technical  and  compliance  assistance to the agricultural  chemical  Industry,
commercial and private pesticide applicators, user groups,  and States.

     The Headquarters  component  of the Pesticides Enforcement  program establishes
national  program  priorities.   It also provides  support  1n  the development  of  new
FIFRA regulations and  develops enforcement  response policies and  compliance moni-
toring strategies for each  new rule.   Special Review decisions and key Registration
and Data  Call-In  activities  also require enforcement Input  and  assistance.   Head-
quarters prepares  annual  guidance for the  cooperative Federal/State  enforcement
program.

     Pesticides Enforcement Grants ~ This program accounts  for  the bulk  of pesti-
cide compliance activities  1n  the United States.   Under  the terms of  cooperative
agreements with  EPA,   the  States  Investigate  pesticide  use, misuse  and  reentry
matters,  Inspect  pesticide  producer  establishments,  and  provide marketplace  sur-
veillance.  The  States also  survey  pesticide Imports,  Inspect pesticide  dealer
records,  and review commercial  applicator records under  this program.

     Pesticides Certification  and Training  — The Agency's  Pesticides Certification
and Training ic&T)  program  providesguidance  and  assistance to  the States  and,
where the  States  do  not  operate C&T  programs,  operates  programs  to  train  and
certify applicators  to  use  restricted   use  pesticides.    The  Regional   offices
negotiate and manage cooperative agreements under which  the States operate certifi-
cation programs.  The  Regions  evaluate State  C&T programs, Identify Regional  C4T
Issues, and  assist  the States   1n  Implementing  regulatory  decisions  affecting


                                          P-34

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certification and training.  The  Regions conduct  follow-up  C&T reviews to  ensure
Implementation of agreed-upon changes to State C&T programs.

     The .Headquarters staff  of the Certification and Training  program establishes
national program  priorities  and  C&T  requirements.   It  develops  national   C&T
strategies as chemicals are  classified  for restricted use and  national  C&T  Issues
are Identified.   It  establishes priorities  for  developing training material,  and
prepares annual guidance  for the cooperative Federal/State  certification  program.

     Pesticides Certification and Training Grants — This  program  1s  designed  to
Insure that only competent, trained applicators handle,  apply, store and dispose of
restricted use pesticides.  EPA funds cooperative agreements  with States to certify
applicators to use restricted use pesticides.  State certification programs must be
approved by EPA  and must provide  not only  Initial  certification,  but  also mech-
anisms for maintaining applicators'  competency.   This Is accomplished  by requiring
applicators periodically to renew their  certification by  completing State-specific
requirements.

     EPA has an Interagency agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
to provide training  to  pesticide applicators by working through  State Cooperative
Extension Services.  Applicators receive  training 1n  the areas of safe and effective
use of pesticides, and changing technological and regulatory  requirements.

     In Colorado,  EPA  administers  the   Certification  and  Training  program  for
private applicators.  In  Nebraska,  EPA  administers the Certification  and  Training
program for both private  and commercial  (for-h1re)  applicators.  Certification and
training funds are  used to  support these  Federally run  programs  and  to develop
Regional educational  packages  and  special  Initiatives  to  meet new  or  emerging
pesticides Issues and critical  gaps.


PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $5,118,300 supported  by  104.6  total workyears
for this  program,  of  which  $5,013,300  will  be  for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses
appropriation and  $105,000  will   be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This  represents  an   increase  of  $161,300  for the   Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation,   no  change  in   the  Abatement,  Control,  and  Compliance
appropriation, and no change  in total   workyears.  The  increase  in  the  Salaries
and Expenses appropriation reflects increased personnel  costs.

     In 1989, the Pesticides  Enforcement program will  again concentrate  on  State
participation, under  cooperative  enforcement agreements,   in the  nationwide, pesti-
cide compliance monitoring program.  The Agency will emphasize achieving compliance
with rules governing  pesticide  use,  with relatively less  emphasis  on  product  sur-
veillance in the marketplace.   The States will  also be responsible  for enforcing
notices of  intent  to suspend product registrations issued under the  Data Call-In
program.  The primary  Federal  role  at   the  Regional level  will  be oversight and
management of  State  cooperative  agreement  programs.   The  Regional   offices  also
support such  newer  Agency programs  as  protection  of  ground-water supplies  from
contamination by  agricultural  chemicals  including pesticides,  endangered species
protection, farmworker  safety,   overseeing the  development   of State enforcement
response policies under Sections 26 and  27,  and tracking and  compliance  followup
for Section 3(c)(2){B) cancellations.

     Headquarters will provide overall program guidance  and management, will  assist
in developing new  and revised  regulations and will develop  compliance monitoring
strategies and enforcement response policies for  all  such rules.  Headquarters staff
will also provide  guidance and general   oversight  to the  Federal/State cooperative
enforcement agreement program,  and technical and  analytical support  for  Regional


                                           P-35

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activities.  Both Headquarters and the Regional offices are responsible for quality
assurance and quality control of all enforcement data collected by EPA.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency 1s  allocating  a total of  $4,957,000 supported  by  104.6
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $4,852,000 Is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $105,000  1s  from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988, the Agency 1s  continuing to emphasize State participation 1n pesticide
compliance monitoring  and  enforcement activities  through cooperative enforcement
agreements.  There are 55 cooperative enforcement agreements  with  States and Terri-
tories and eight additional agreements  with Indian  Nations.   Federal  compliance
monitoring activities  continue  1n  States without  cooperative agreements.-  Other
Federal responsibilities  Include  Import and  export  surveillance,  technical  and
compliance assistance to the  States  and  the regulated community, and  operation  of
a computer  system  maintaining  pesticide producer  establishment  and  production
records and other related enforcement data.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency   obligated  a  total  of  $4,755,200  supported  by  105.1
total workyears  for  this program, of  which $4,500,200 was  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $255,000 was  from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1987, the Federal compliance monitoring program accomplished the following:
128 inspections of pesticide producing establishments, 197 use and re-entry inspec-
tions, 203 Import  Inspections at ports  of entry, 263  marketplace  Inspections,  and
86 laboratory  Inspections.   EPA Issued  360  administrative orders,  785  letters  of
warning for  product/producer  and use  violations,  332  stop  sale,  use  or  removal
orders, 67 voluntary  recalls, 68 Import  detentions,  and  one  criminal  referral  to
the Department of Justice.

     A total  of  55 cooperative  enforcement  agreements were  1n  place with  States
and Territories,  plus  another eight agreements with Indian  Nations,  in  1987.   As
part of the  cooperative  agreement program,  the Agency provided training  for  State
inspectors, chemists and case development staff.


PESTICIDES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of $8,703,400  for this program, all of  which will
be for  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance  appropriation.   This represents  no
change from 1988.

     The Agency  will  continue cooperative enforcement agreements with  55 partici-
pating States  and Territories,  and eight  agreements  with  Indian  Nations.   The
cooperative enforcement  agreements  program  is  designed  to permit  participating
States and  Territories  to  determine  their  program  priorities  and  utilize  the
resources provided to act  upon  these  priorities.    State  activities  will  include
use and re-entry investigations, pesticide  producer  establishment  and marketplace
inspections,  applicator license  and  record  inspections, and dealer  record inspec-
tions.
                                          P-36

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $8,703,400  for this  program,
all of which Is from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     In 1988, the Agency  1s  continuing 55  cooperative enforcement  agreements  with
States and Territories, and eight additional agreements with Indian  Nations.  These
agreements emphasize  user compliance  with  label  directions  for  proper   use  and
application, as well  as manufacturer adherence to product formulation  requirements
under FIFRA.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total  of  $8,624,200  for this  program, all  of
which was from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     Under the terms  of their cooperative enforcement agreements,  55 participating
States and  Territories,  plus Indian  Nations,  conducted  18,260  use,  reentry  and
experimental use Inspections,  1,782 inspections of  pesticide-producing  establish-
ments, 9,029  applicator  license  and  record  Inspections,  6,171   dealer  record
Inspections, 8,165 marketplace inspections and 209 Import inspections.


PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $1,043,800 supported by 22.4  total  workyears
for this program,  all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of  $13,300,  and  no change  in  total  workyears.   The
increase in  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation reflects  increased personnel
costs.

     In 1989,  emphasis will  be placed  on  assessing  State training  programs  and
certification examinations  (not previously  reviewed) for  private  and  commercial
applicators, developing corrective  action  plans based  on the  reviews,  finalizing
revisions  to  the  federal   certification  regulations,  and  providing  technical
expertise with regard to certification  and training  and other  pesticide issues.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $1,030,500  supported  by  22.4
total workyears for  this  program,  all  of which 1s  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
Appropriation.

     The Regions are working with  States to  oversee the remedying of  State Plan
deficiencies based  on their  evaluations  and  negotiations, and to  implement rules
governing the  sale   of restricted  use pesticides  to non-certified persons.   The
Regional offices are  reviewing  State training  programs and  examinations  that lead
to the  certification  of private applicators.   EPA  Regional pesticide  experts are
providing technical    expertise  on  pesticide   issues  such  as  certification  and
training, application  techniques,   toxicity,   pesticide   disposal,  restricted  use
pesticides, and topical pesticide issues.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated a  total  of $519,200  supported by  11.1 total
workyears for  this   program,  all  of  which  was from  the  Salaries   and   Expenses
appropriation.
                                          P-37

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     In 1987, the Agency  completed the review of 53  State  Certification  Plans and
reached agreement on  schedules  for  Implementing corrective  action  1n the  States
with priority needs In certification and training.  The first National  C&T Workshop
In eight years  was  held  to  discuss new C&T  techniques with representatives  from
every State.  The  Regions  negotiated  and managed  53  certification  cooperative
agreements.


PESTICIDES CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $4,000,000 for  this program, all of which  will
be for  the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appropriation.   This represents  no
change from 1988.

     Of the  total  requested,  $1,820,000 for  certification  agreements  will  help
to support  53  applicator  certification  programs   1n  participating  States   and
Territories and In the Federally run programs 1n Colorado and Nebraska.   EPA  will
continue Its  Interagency Agreement  with  USOA  to  provide  training  to  pesticide
applicators by working through  State Cooperative Extension  Services.   A  grant  of
$1,680,000 to the USDA/State Extension  Services  will  help  to support 53 applicator
training programs.

     Remaining resources will be used to develop Regional  educational  packages and
special Initiatives to  meet  national  and  Regional  emerging pesticide Issues and
critical Information gaps. Resources will also be used to develop training programs
for non-agricultural   applicators  for whom  training   expertise  1s  not  currently
available.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency 1s  allocating a  total  of  $4,000,000  for this  program,
all of which Is from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     Of that total, $3,500,000  1s  being used  to help support 53 delegated  certi-
fication programs,  53 delegated  training programs,  and the  Federally  run  programs
in Colorado  and Nebraska.   The  States are   updating their programs  to  address
newly restricted pesticides,  changes  1n technology  and  new Information  on  the
use and  effects of  pesticides.   The  remaining $500,000  1s  for  seven  to  nine
C&T special  Initiatives  to  address  Regional  Issues  and  non-agricultural  training
needs (Including  proper  use  of  restricted  use  pesticides  1n  lawn   care   and
within structures,   and  relating  to  ground-water  and  disposal  procedures).   A
steering committee  has been  established to Identify  and make accessible appropriate
private-sector resources that are currently not being  used in C&T.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $2,482,900  for this program,  all  of
which was from the Abatement, Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.   EPA  helped to
support 53 applicator certification  programs  and 53 training programs  and  operated
programs in Colorado and Nebraska.
                                          P-38

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RADIATION

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
RADIATION                                                                   R-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Radi ation Research	.	  R-7
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	R-in
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	;R-11
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Radiation Criteria, Standards A Guidelines	R-14
       Radiation. Program Implementation	  R-18
       Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment	R-21
       Radon Action Program	  R-25
       Radon Action Program Implementation	R-28
                                        R-l

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APPROPRIATION
                                                RADIATION
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries A'Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research 4 Development

TOTAL, Radiation
 $9,878.0   $9,436.1  $10,838.3  $10,838.3  $11,189.3    $351.0
 $4,010.3   $3,810.6   $5,810.6   $8,110.6   $7.310.6   -$800.0

 $1.524.9     $800.0   $1,500.0   $1.489.2   $2.300.0    $810.8

$15,413.2  $14,046.7  $18,148.9  $20,438.1  $20.799.9    $361.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
    162.9      153.7      168.9      174.4      172.2      -2.2
    177.3      166.7.     183.2      183.2      183.2
$18.200.5  $17,511.4  $15,591.6  $17,558.2  $18,960.8  $1.402.6
All authorization except for Research and Development, Is by virtue of the
Appropriation Act.  The Environmental Research Development and Demonstration
Act expired September 30, 1981.  Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.

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                                     RADIATION


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     EPA's mandate to protect the public health and environment from adverse effects
of radiation exposure  1s derived  from  several  statutes:  the  Atomic Energy Act,
which provides authority for  Federal  guidance and general environmental  standards
(transferred to EPA by Reorganization  Plan #3 of 1970); the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1977, which  provide  authority to regulate radioactive air pollutants; the Resource
Conservation and  Recovery  Act  and the Uranium  Mill  Tailings  Radiation  Control
Act, which charge EPA  with providing  standards  for protection from  waste  materials
with radioactive content; the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA),
which requires the Administrator  to  take  certain actions concerning  indoor radon;
and other authorities contained 1n the  Nuclear  Waste Policy Act; the  Federal Water
Pollution Control Act;  the  Marine Protection,  Research,  and  Sanctuaries  Act;  the
Safe Drinking Water Act; the  Public  Health Service Act;  and the National  Environ-
mental  Policy Act.

     These statutes  generally prescribe roles  of environmental assessment, tech-
nology assessment,  standard-setting,  and  research.    In  some  cases, enforcement
responsibilities are  vested   in   other  agencies,  notably  the  Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC).   In  these  instances, EPA  performs  some  oversight functions  to
ensure that established standards and guidance are followed.

     The basic program  strategy  for  EPA's  Radiation  Program focuses  on four major
objectives:  (1)  reduce  health   effects   and  environmental  impacts;  (2)  assess
emerging radiation problems;  and  (3)  maintain a capability to  respond to emergen-
cies; and (4) carry out supporting research.

Reduce  adverse  health  effects  and  environmental impact  from   radiation   exposure
through a program'of standards and guides"

     Source categories that emit airborne radionuclides are assessed and  regulated,
where appropriate,  by  the  promulgation and  implementation  of National  Emission
Standards for Hazardous  Air  Pollutants (NESHAPs), under  section 112 of  the Clean
Air Act.   In  1989 emphasis  will   be  placed  on  revising  the radionuclide NESHAPs
already promulgated,  and reviewing  the decisions  not to  regulate  other  source
categories, in  accordance  with  the   Court  decision  that  limits the  use  of cost
factors in  establishing  required  levels.   Various  classes  of   radioactive  wastes
and disposal options  are evaluated and  regulated in  a program  designed  to ensure
that disposal takes place in an environmentally sound  manner  that limits  exposures.
Principal tasks  remaining  include promulgation of standards   for  land  and ocean
disposal of low-si evel  radioactive  wastes,  development of regulations  to  determine
permissible residual  radioactivity levels  for  decommssioned   nuclear facilities,
and development  of  groundwater  protection standards  for inactive mill  tailings
sites.  The  Court  has  also ordered the Agency  to revise portions   of the standard
for disposal of  high-level radioactive  wastes.  Federal Guidance will be  completed
for general  population exposure  to radiofrequency radiation  and submitted to  the
President for .signature.   Protective  Action  Guides are  being   developed  to assist
in the  relocation and  resettlement   of populations  in the  event  of a  radiation
incident.

Assess and  quantify  existing and  emerging radiation problems  and  their  potential
impact.

     Radon, a  naturally occurring radioactive  gas, is  estimated to  cause between
5,000 and  20,000 lung  cancer fataliti«s  annually.   Measurements  of  indoor  radon
levels from  naturally  occurring  radium in  soil  and  rocks in the  Reading  Prong
areas of  Pennsylvania,  New Jersey, and New York, and the  elevated  exposure levels


                                         R-3

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discovered In  other parts  of  the country,  demonstrate the  need  to address  this
environmental problem.  The  Radon Action Program  will  continue to  be  one of the
Agency's highest priorities in 1989.

     The Agency  program  to address  elevated  radon levels  includes  four major
components:  assessment  of the  problem, mitigation  and  prevention  research and
applications, development  of  State and private sector capability, and  development
and dissemination of  information  and education materials.  These components, which
incorporate functions mandated under SARA, are  parts  of  an Integrated program that
emphasize a  voluntary partnership  of  the  Federal,  State,  and  private  sectors.
Specific activities include conduct of the national  survey  of radon  in  residences,
more Intensive  State surveys, and preparation  for  national  surveys  of radon  in
schools and workplaces.   The House Evaluation Program affords State personnel and
contractors the opportunity to use the latest techniques 1n mitigating  significant
radon problems  in actual  residences, and the Radon Measurement  Proficiency program
provides a vehicle  for the public to gain Information on the  capability  of private
measurement firms.  A  similar  program  for mitigation contractors will be  launched
in 1989.   A  radon clearinghouse  will  also  be  established  to collect  information
and disseminate  it. to  the public and  Industry  regarding measurement  techniques
and mitigation and prevention methods.

     Knowledge of radiation exposure from some  sources has  become more widespread,
and the potential for radiation contamination of environmental  pathways  1s  growing
as greater uses are made of radioactive materials.   Requests for assistance in  site
assessments and  radiochemical  analyses  of  environmental  samples  have increased
substantially, particularly from  the Federal  sector.
Maintain a  capability to respond to emergencies  and  to  aid  development  and testing
of State, local, and Federal  plans for emergency  response
     The Agency  maintains  the Environmental  Radiation Ambient  Monitoring  System
(ERAMS) to provide a mechanism for tracking and measuring large atmospheric releases
of radioactive materials across the country.  This  system also provides continuous
information on radiation levels in environmental pathways.  Two emergency  response
teams are maintained in  a  state of readiness  so that they can  be flown  to  sites
where significant  radiation  releases  have occurred  or appear imminent.  EPA will
seek to extend the  number  of staff trained to participate effectively 1n a  radia-
tion emergency.  In addition, the  Agency  will  participate in full field  exercises
scheduled by the Federal  Emergency  Management Agency (FEMA).

     Agency monitoring  operations  conducted  at the  Three Mile  Island (TMI)  field
station will be  completed  and the  responsibility  transferred to the  Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania.   In  addition, the  quality  assurance program  for  radiochemical
analyses will  be maintained.

Conduct Supporting Research

     The EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD)  performs  two key  functions
in support  of  the  Agency's  radiation  goals.   First ORD provides  data needed to
support the Agency's Radon Action Program.  Specifically,  mitigation  and prevention
techniques will be demonstrated and tested in homes around the country, in  coordin-
ation with  the Agency's House  Evaluation Program.  Handbooks  for homeowners  and
technical manuals for builders and contractors will  be updated, based  on the  results
of further testing.

     To assist  laboratories  that  measure   radionuclide  emissions,   ORD   provides
monitoring and  quality assurance  support,  including  inter-laboratory comparison
studies.  Under  an  interagency  agreement  with  the  Department of  Energy,  ORD also
provides support in the form of  off-site  monitoring  around nuclear  test  sites.
This support   includes  long-term   hydrological  monitoring,  a human  surveillance
investigation  program, and maintenance  of  a radiation data base.


                                        R-4

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                                     RADIATION

                                      BUDGET    CURRENT              INCREASE  (+)
                            ACTUAL   ESTIMATE   ESTIMATE    ESTIMATE   DECREASE  (-)
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES           1987      1988      1988       1989     1989  vs  1988
Cumulative Outputs
Regulations:
  Proposals	  10        12        12         12
  Promulgations	;...  10        10        10         11          +1
  Reproposals	   116          7          +1
  RepromulgatIons	  --11          6          +5
Guides:
  Proposals..	   333          3
  Final	   2         3         23          +1
                                          R-5

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    Research
and Development

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
RADIATION
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Radi at ion Research	R-7
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	R-10
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	R-ll
                                       R-6

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                                              RADIATION
                                          Radiation  Research

ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Monitoring Systems 4
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries 4 Expenses
Research 4 Development
$160.1
$160.1
$957.3
$1,524.9
$2,482.2
$1,117.4
$1,524.9
$176.0-
$176.0
$444.2
$800.0
$1,244.2
$620.2
$800.0
$164.3
$164.3
$1,304.6
$1,500.0
$2,804.6
$1,468.9
$1,500.0
$164.3
$164.3
$1,304.6
$1,489.2
$2,793.8
$1,468.9
$1.489.2
$167.9
$167.9
$1,558.3
$2.300.0
$3,858.3
$1,726.2
$2.300.0
$3.6
$3.6
$253.7
$810.8
$1,064.5
$257.3
$810.8
Radiation Research
TOTAL   $2,642.3   $1,420.2   $2,968.9   $2,958.1   $4,026.2  $1,068.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Radiation Research

Environmental
Engineering and
Technology - Radiation
             4.0
            17.7
 4.7
 8.0
 4.7
15.5
 4.7
15.4
 4.7
18.0
2.6
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            21.7
12.7
20.2
20.1
22.7
2.6

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                                                    RADIATION
                                                Radiation Research
                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET
                                         1987     ESTIMATE
                                                   1988
                   ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                     1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                               1988              1989 VS 1988
      TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                                                (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)
      Monitoring Systems S
      Quality Assurance -
      Radiation Research

      Environmental
      Engineering and
      Technology - Radiation

      TOTAL HORKYEARS
 4.0
18.2
22.2
 4.7
 8.0
12.7
 4.7
15.5
20.2
 4.7
15.4
20.1
 4.7
18.0
22.7
2.6
2.6
70

oo

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                                     RADIATION


                                Radiation Research


                          Principal  Outputs by Objective


Objective 1:  Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance  Support to   Federal,   State,
and Local Laboratories

1989;  °   Annual  report for calendar year 1988 on off-site surveillance around the
           Nevada  Test Site (Monitoring)
       0   Annual  report on laboratory radlonucllde Intercomparfson studies  (Moni-
           toring)

1988:  °   Annual  report for  calendar year 1987 on  off-site  surveillance   around
           the Nevada Test Site (Monitoring)
       0   Annual  report on laboratory radlonucllde Intercomparfson  studies  (Moni-
           toring)

1987:  °   Annual  report for calendar year 1986 on off-site surveillance around the
           Nevada  Test Site (Monitoring)
       0   Annual  report on laboratory radlonucllde 1ntercompar1son studies  (Moni-
           toring)


Objective 2;   Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to  Support  the Radon   Action
"Plan
1989;  °   Report on new house radon reduction techniques  (Engineering)
       0   Updated guidance to  homeowners  on  radon  reduction  1n existing homes
           (Engineering)

1988:  °   Report on Initial new house radon reduction studies  (Engineering)
1987:  °   Revised brochure on radon mitigation in the home  (Engineering)
           Scientific symposium on  diagnosing  and mitigating  radon  (Engineering)
           Produced brochure on removing radon  from household  water  (Engineering)
o
                                          R-9

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                                    RADIATION


                                Radiation Research
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $4,026,200  supported by 22.7  total  workyears
for this program, of which  $1,726,200  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $2,300,000  will  be  for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents increases  of $257,300 and $810,800 respectively,  with  an increase
of 2.6 total workyears.  »

Program Description

     The goal of the radiation  research program is to provide  the Office of Radiation
Programs (ORP)  and  other EPA,  Federal,  Regional, State  and local  officials  with
scientifically credible data,  methods, assessments and  mitigative techniques  re-
quired to determine  and  control  public exposure  to   radon  and other  radioactive
materials in  the  environment.  The   following  objectives  support  these  goals:

     Objective!.   Provide Monitoring  and  Quality Assurance  Support to Federal,
State, and Local Laboratories.Thisprogramprovides comprehensive radiological
monitoring and  surveillance services  to meet  specific Department  of  Energy (DOE)
requirements for Its nuclear testing programs, especially at the  Nevada Test Site.
This work is conducted  under a  reimbursable arrangement with DOE.  EPA also conducts
a radiochemical analytical quality assurance program which supports Federal , State,
and local laboratories making radioactivity measurements.

     Objective 2.   Provide  the  Scientific Data  Necessary to  Support the  Radon
Action Plan.Under this program, ORD conducts research on,demonstrates and eval-
uates techniques to prevent and mitigate exposure to radon gas in homes.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $167,900  supported by  4.7  total  workyears
for this program, all  of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an  Increase of  $3,600,  which  reflects  a  general enhancement  of
inhouse support for the radiation monitoring program.

     Provide Monitoring and Quality Assurance Support  to Federal, State, and  Local
Laboratories.  Monitoring  support  for OOE at the  Nevada Test Site and  other test
locations will  continue.   This support consists  of  a radiation  safety monitoring
program, a long-term hydrological  monitoring program,  a human surveillance investi-
gation program,  and maintenance of the  radiation data  base.   Technical  expertise
and guidance will be  provided  to Regional, State, and contractor  laboratories  for
radiochemical analyses of  environmental samples.   Inter!aboratory  comparison stud-
ies will  be conducted  to provide data  on the  precision and  accuracy  of  radio-
activity measurements in milk, drinking water, and air.


1988 Program

     In 1988,- the  Agency' is allocating a total of $164,300  supported by 4.7 total
workyears for this program,  all  of  which  is from the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appro-
priation.  Monitoring support  is  being provided  to the Department  of Energy at the
                                         R-10

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Nevada Test Site  and  other Installations.   Quality assurance support 1s being pro-
vided to  Regional,  State, and  contractor  laboratories for  rad1ochem1cal  analyses
of environmental samples.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of $160,100 supported by 4.0 total work-
years for this program, all of  which  was from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion.  Annual reports on the laboratory radionucllde 1ntercompar1son studies and the
off-site surveillance program  were published.  Quality assurance  support  was pro-
vided.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total   of  $3,858,300 supported by  18.0 total  workyears
for this program, of  which $1,558,300 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $2,300,000 will  be   for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents increases  of $253,700 and  $810,800 respectively, and an additional
2.6 total workyears.  The  increase in funding  will be used  to initiate additional
radon mitigation demonstrations and  to conduct analyses of  the data  which will  be
gathered at the demonstration sites.  The results of this research will enhance the
Agency's ability to  confidently recommend mitigation  techniques  for a  variety  of
housing structures.

     Provide the Scientific Data Necessary to Support the  Radon  Action Plan.  Re-
cent studies have indicated that  exposure  to Indoor  radon gas poses  a significant
risk to public  health.   Based  on  this high risk  and  growing national  concern, the
"Radon Gas and  Indoor Air  Quality  Research Act  of 1986" (SARA Title IV) was passed
authorizing the appropriation  of  funds to  conduct research on  radon  gas and other
dangerous Indoor  pollutants.    As  a  result,  EPA 1s  substantially enhancing  the
radon mitigation research program to provide the public and State and local author-
ities with information  on techniques  for reducing  radon levels  1n  a  variety  of
structures which pose the greatest hazard.   In  1989, ORD will update the mitigation
manual  for builders to  include  applications  in  different locations and information
on the  use  of  innovative techniques.   Tests  of  air  cleaners  will  be expanded,
focusing on  proper  design and  operating  conditions.   Many  additional  mitigation
tests will also  be initiated  in  existing  houses and  in  houses  under  construction
and extensive pre- and  postmitigation diagnosis efforts will  be  undertaken  in all
homes to demonstrate and evaluate mitigation techniques.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating*a total of  $2,793,800 supported by 15.4 total
workyears for this program, of which $1,304,600 1s from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,489,200  is from  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
Development and testing of radon gas reduction techniques is  being done in  existing
and new houses,  as  well as through  laboratory  studies.  The  performance  of these
techniques is being demonstrated  in  several   States and regions of the  country  to
provide cost-effective  solutions  for  the  U.S.  housing  stock.  ORD  staff provide
technical information to   community  leaders  and  participating  homeowners at  the
demonstration sites  and publish/update  public  information documents  in  the  form
of technical  guidance manuals and  homeowner brochures  on an annual  basis.
                                         R-ll

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $2,482,200 supported  by 18.2 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $957,300 was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $1,524,900  was  from the  Research  and Development appropriation.
Demonstration projects  for  existing houses  were  Initiated.  The  brochure  on home
mitigation was revised and a new brochure on removing  radon gas  from household water
was produced.   A scientific  symposium  was  held  on  diagnosing radon  problems and
developing mitigation techniques.
                                         R-12

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Abatement and Control

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                           Page
RADIATION

    ABATEMENT * CONTROL
       Radiation Criteria, Standards « Guidelines	.	R-14
       Radiation Program Implementation	R-18
       Radiation Environmental  Impact Assessment	R-21
       Radon Action Program	 R-25
       Radon Action Program Implementation	 R-28
                                        R-13

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                                                RADIATION
                                Radiation Criteria,  Standards  & Guidelines

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET      ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987      ESTIMATE       1988     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988.
PROGRAM
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Radiation Criteria,
Standards 4 Guidelines
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                                $3,294.7   $2,997.7    $3,121.4   $3.121.4   $3,152.6     $31.2
                                  $919.4   $1,060.6    $1,060.6   $3,060.6   $1,060.6 -$2,000.0

                        TOTAL   $4,214.1   $4,058.3    $4,182.0   $6,182.0   $4,213.2 -$1,968.8
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
   Compliance
                                $3,294.7   $2,997.7   $3,121.4   $3,121.4   $3.152.6     $31.2
                                  $919.4   $1,060.6   $1,060.6   $3,060.6   $1.060.6 -$2,000.0
Radiation Criteria,     TOTAL   $4,214.1   $4,058.3   $4,182.0   $6.182.0   $4.213.2 -$1.968.8
Standards 4 Guidelines
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria.
Standards A Guidelines

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
56.2
56.2
53.5
53.5
53.5
53.5
                                                                     53.1
                                                                     53.1
                                                                                53.1
                                                                                53.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radiation Criteria,
Standards A Guidelines

TOTAL WORKYEARS
58.8
58.8
53.5
53.5 .
53.5
53.5
53.1
53.1
53.1
53.1

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                                     RADIATION


                   Radiation Criteria, Standards,  and Guidelines
Budget Request
     The Agency, requests  a  total  of $4,213,200  supported  by 53.1 total  workyears
for 1989, a decrease of $1,968,800 and no  change  In total  workyears  from 1988.   Of
the request, $3,152,600  will be  for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  and
$1,060,600 will be  for the  Abatement.  Control and Compliance  appropriation.   This
represents an Increase of $31,200  In the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and a
decrease of  $2,000,000  In  the Abatement,  Control and Compliance  appropriation.

Program Description

     EPA develops,  promulgates,  and implements  radiation environmental  standards
and guidelines under this subactlvlty.   These standards  and  guidelines protect the
public health and the environment by minimizing  risk  of radiation  exposures  from
nuclear energy applications, naturally occurring radioactive materials, medical and
occupational radiation exposures,  and electromagnetic  radiation.


RADIATION CRITERIA. STANDARDS. AND GUIDELINES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $4,213,200  supported  by 53.1 total  workyears
for this  program,   of  which  $3,152,600   will  be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,060,600 will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents an increase of $31,200 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a decrease of $2,000,000 in the Abatement.  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.  The  increase reflects  higher personnel  and  support costs.   The
decrease reflects the completion  of analytical work necessary  to support revisions
of radionuclide  NESHAPSs and high  level  radioactive   waste   in  accordance  with
court orders.

     In 1989  EPA  will   continue  to  concentrate  on  three  major  program  areas:
addressing airborne  radionuclides,  establishing  standards  for radioactive  waste
management, and  developing   Federal  Guidance.   The airborne radionuclides  effort
will focus  on  completing  the  revisions to  NESHAPs  remanded  to the Agency,  in
accordance with the schedule established  by  court order.  The  standards previously
promulgated will be revised, where required, and the  decisions not to regulate will
be reexamined  to  ensure that  appropriate decisions  were  made.  Also,  a  decision
will be  made whether to  regulate phosphogypsum  piles  under the NESHAPs  program.
Transfer of  NESHAPs. implementation authority to  the  States will  be  pursued,  and
guidance will be developed for States seeking delegation of authority.  Requests for
alternative  standards  for  Department  of  Energy  (DOE)  facilities   and  facilities
licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission  (NRC) will be reviewed,  and a national
data base related to the implementation  program will  be maintained.

     In 1989  the  program to develop  standards  for  residual  radiation levels  at
decommissioned nuclear  facilities  will   continue.   Criteria   for  decommissioning
nuclear reactors have been  requested  by  both DOE and  NRC.   In  addition,  as part of
the effort  to address the  problem of  radioactive  waste  disposal,  EPA will  work
towards promulgation of  the final  low-level  radioactive waste  standard and provide
required implementation  assistance  to  the  Regions  and  States.    The  high-level
waste standard will be reproposed as a result of a court remand.


                                          R-15

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     Also  In  1989,  the  Federal  guidance  for  radlofrequency radiation will  be
completed and submitted  to  the President for  signature,  and working  arrangements
will be established  with the Federal  Communications Commission, the Department  of
Defense, and  other  affected  agencies  for  the  Implementation  of  the  guidance.
Technical advice, assistance,  and oversight will  also  be  provided.  Development  of
a Protective  Action Guide  (PAG)  for  ingestion  pathways  will   be  continued.   In
order to ensure the  uniform  application  of  the PAGs  nationwide  1n emergency situa-
tions, a program will be initiated to convert  the PAGs to  formal Federal  guidance.


1988 Program

     In  1988  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $6,182,000 supported by 53.1
total workyears  for  this program,  of  which  $3,121,400  is from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $3,060,600 is from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     Emphasis is placed on revising  the radionucllde NESHAPs  in  accordance with the
remand of established  standards.   Modifications  are being made, as necessary,  to
respond to the Court  decision that  limits the use of cost factors 1n  establishing
required levels.  All standards that were previously promulgated  are being reviewed
for compliance with  the Court  order,  and source categories  that  were decided  as
not requiring regulation  are  being  reexamlned to determine the propriety  of  those
decisions.   Agreements are being worked out with DOE  and NRC setting out responsibil-
ities for implementation of the standards for  facilities  under their  jurisdiction.

     The  proposed  standard  for  land  disposal  of  low-level  radioactive waste,
including natural and accelerator  produced materials, are being published.   Existing
standards for inactive  mill  tailings sites  under the Uranium  Mill  Tailings  Rad-
iation Control  Act  are  being  augmented  with  the  promulgation of  standards  for
ground water  protection  at  these  sites.  The  residual   radioactivity  standards
development continues, including  work to develop a  draft consensus pathway model.
In response to a court decision, the high-level waste standard is being  modified  as
necessary.   Work on  final rulemaklng for  radiofrequency  radiation is  continuing.
The Agency will take  final action to complete  PAGs  for plume  and  relocation in the
event of a  nuclear  incident.  These PAGs are  being incorporated in the Manual  of
Protective Actions, used  in  Federal, State,  and local  emergency  preparedness  plans
in the event of a domestic or foreign radiation Incident.


1988 Explanation of Changes  from the Enacted Level

     The  Increase   of   $2,000,000   in  the  Abatement, Control   and   Compliance
appropriation supports revisions of radionucllde NESHAPSs and high level  radioactive
waste in accordance with court orders.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987  the  Agency  obligated  $4,214,100  and  58.8  total workyears   for  this
program, of which $3,294,700  was  from  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and
$919,400 was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

      Forty-one requests  for  review,  acceptance,  extensions  and exemptions to  the
radionuclide NESHAPs  standard  were  completed.   The  risk assessment study  on  phos-
phogypsum was completed.  The risk  assessment will  be  coupled  with a  future  cost
evaluation study  of  the control  technology  before final  publication.   Guidance
materials were provided  to the Regions  on NESHAPs  implementation, inspection,  and
enforcement.  The proposed  ground-water protection  standards for inactive uranium
tailings sites were  published.   Work continued  on  the proposed standard  for  land
disposal of  low-level  radioactive wastes.   Analytical  work  necessary to  develop


                                          R-16

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environmental  standards  for  residual   radioactivity  at decommissioned  nuclear
facilities also  continued.   Work  on final  guidance for  radiofrequency  radiation
continued.  The  Occupational  Exposure  Guidance was  signed  by  the President  and
published.
                                          R-17

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                                                       RADIATION
                                            Radiation  Program Implementation
                                        ACTUAL
                                         1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                            1988
                     ENACTED
                       1988
                     CURRENT
                    ESTIMATE
                     1988
                     REQUEST   INCREASE'+
                      1989     DECREASE -
                            1989 VS 1988
       PROGRAM
                                                 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
       Cad1at1on Program
       Implementation
        Salaries & Expenses
       Radiation Program
       Implementation
        Salaries 4 Expenses
                               TOTAL
                               TOTAL
                                  $322.0
                                  $322.0
           $384.8
           $384.8
                                              $83.6
                                              $83.6
           $344.7
           $344.7
           $344.7
           .$344.7
           $348.1
           $348.1
            $3.4
            $3.4
70

!-•
00
TOTAL:
 Salaries A Expenses

Radiation Program
Implementation
                               TOTAL
$322.0

$322.0
$468.4

$468.4
$344.7

$344.7
$344.7

$344.7
$348.1

$348.1
$3.4

$3.4
       PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       Radiation Program
       Implementation

       TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                     5.8
                                     5.8
              7.0
              7.0
              7.0
              7.0
              6.4
              6.4
              7.0
              7.0
               .6
       TOTAL WORKYEARS
       Radiation Program
       Implementation
                                     6.8
              7.0
              7.0
              7.0
              7.0
       TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                     6.8
              7.0
              7.0
               7.0
              7.0

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                                     RADIATION


                          Radiation Program Implementation
Budget Request
    • The Agency requests a  total  of  $348,100 supported by 7.0 total workyears  for
1989, an Increase of $3,400 from 1988.  All  of the request will  be for  the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     This  program  supports  activities  of  EPA's  Regional  Offices and includes:
participating in the  implementation  of standards  for airborne radionuclides  from
the source  categories regulated  and participating  1n  the review  and testing  of
State radiological  emergency response plans.

     Other activities include  reviewing environmental  Impact  statements; providing
the public  with technical   information;  providing direct  assistance to  State  and
local  governments  with  special  radiation  problems  of a short-term nature;  and
providing the  radiological  expertise needed by the Regions to  manage  radiological
problems associated with the drinking water and hazardous waste programs.


RADIATION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $348,100  supported  by 7.0 total  workyears,  all
of which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.  This represents an
increase  of  $3,400  for  this  program  from  1988.  The increase reflects higher
personnel and support costs.

     In  1989  Regional   Offices  will  participate  fully  in  all  aspects of the
implementation program for  sources covered  by NESHAPs for airborne  radionuclides
from emission sources within their geographic boundaries.   The testing  and critique
of  State  emergency  response  plans  will   continue to be an important element of
Regional operations, along with review of updated plans.  EPA assists States in the
development  of  radiological  emergency  response plans and formally reviews these
plans  along  with  other  Federal  agencies under the coordination of  FEMA.  Also,
the Regions will remain  involved with State agencies and  the public in presenting
and interpreting Agency  information  and  guidance regarding  radiation  problems in
their area.

    Regional .Offices  will  continue to participate in identification and assessment
of hazardous  waste  sites that  are contaminated  with radioactivity, and will serve
as coordination  points  for  remedial  action programs for sites in  their Regions.
This effort  supports  both  the  EPA Headquarters  hazardous  waste  programs  and  the
requests from the States.  The Regions will  continue to be the primary  reviewers of
environmental impact statements for radiation  facilities, such as commercial nuclear
power plants,  uranium mines and mills, and radioactive waste disposal  facilities.
They will also  respond to  special problems  involving actual  or potential  radiation
releases or exposures.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is  allocating  a total  of $344,700  supported  by 7.0 total
workyears  for  this  program, all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.


                                         R-19

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     In 1988 the  Regional  radiation  program  1s continuing  to  focus on  emergency
preparedness and technical assistance to States.   Activities Include:  the partici-
pation In Regional  Assistance Committees; testing and critique of emergency response
plans; and review  of updated  State and local  emergency  response plans  as  required.
Regional  offices are reviewing  requests  for construction permits,  modifications to
facilities, and  other  requirements   associated  with   the  airborne radionuclides
NESHAPs.   The  Regional  staff is  also providing coordination necessary  where  the
national  program is directly involved in  implementation  of the radiohuclide NESHAPs
in areas such as waivers, exemptions, and alternate requirements.  Regional programs
continue to be  involved  in  the  characterization of  hazardous waste sites  subject
to possible remedial action.  This includes staff participation  as  on-site radia-
tion consultants in addressing problems  at  sites which are on the Superfund National
Priority List.  The Regions are continuing  as the primary reviewer of environmental
impact statements  for  radiation facilities,  such  as uranium mills  and mines,  and
radioactive waste disposal  facilities.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987  the  Agency  obligated  a  total  of   $322,000 supported  by  6.8 total
workyears  for  this  program, all  of  which  was   from  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1987 emergency  preparedness and technical assistance  to  the States  and other
EPA Regional programs  remained  a  central  focus of the  Regional  radiation program.
Regional  Offices also  reviewed  requests  for construction permits  and  requests  for
exemptions for facilities covered by  airborne radionuclide NESHAPs.  They  continued
to review environmental impact statements for radiation  facilities, such as uranium
mills and mines, and radioactive  waste  disposal sites.   They also  continued to be
involved with the characterization of hazardous waste sites, and provided  technical
assistance  and  advice  to  the  Superfund program relative  to actual  or possible
remedial  actions.
                                         R-20

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ro
                                                       RADIATION
                                      Radiation Environmental  Impact Assessment

                                       ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                         1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                                    1988                   1988               1989 YS  1988
                                                 (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)

       PROGRAM
       Radiation Environmental
       Impact Assessment
        Salaries A Expenses                         $277.2
                               TOTAL                 $277.2

       Radiation Environmental
       Impact Assessment
        Salaries & Expenses            $2,847.6   $2,624.4    $2,966.5   $2,966.5   $2,996.2     $29.7
        Abatement Control  and            $420.3     $250.2      $250.2     $250.3     $250.3
        Compliance
x,                              TOTAL    $3,267.9   $2,874.6    $3,216.7   $3,216.8   $3,246.5     $29.7
       TOTAL:
        Salaries « Expenses            $2,847.6   $2,624.4   $2,966.5   $2,966.5   $2,996.2     $29.7
        Abatement Control  and            $420.3     $250.2     $250.2     $250.3     $250.3
        Compliance

       Radiation               TOTAL   $3,267.9   $3,151.8   $3,216.7   $3,216.8   $3,246.5     $29.7
       Environmental Impact
       Assessment


       PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       Radiation Environmental             42.3       48.5       48.5       48.1       48.1
       Impact Assessment

       TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS           42.3       48.5       48.5       48.1       48.1

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                                                      RADIATION
                                      Radiation Environmental Impact Assessment

                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                        1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                   1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
      TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
       Radiation  Environmental
       Impact Assessment

       TOTAL WORKYEARS
47.8
47.8
48.5
48.5
48.5
48.5
48.1
48.1
48.1
48.1
ro
ro

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                                     RADIATION


                     Radiation Environmental  Impact Assessment
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a  total  of  $3,246,500,  supported by 48.1 total work years
for 1989, an Increase of $29,700 from 1988.  Of the request,  $2,996,200  will  be  for
the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and  $250,300 will  be  for the  Abatement,
Control and  Compliance  appropriation,  an  Increase  of $29,700  and  no  change  in
total  workyears from 1988.

Program Description

     Activities 1n this program provide the  information necessary to identify  and
analyze radiological problems having potential public health Impacts.   This  includes
support of the development  of  standards and  guidelines,  as  well as monitoring  of
environmental radiation, conduct of laboratory analysis and technology assessments,
and maintenance of an emergency preparedness  capability.


RADIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $3,246,500 supported by 48.1 total  workyears,
of which  $2,996,200  will  be  for  the  Salaries   and  Expenses  appropriation   and
$250,300 will  be  for the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.  This
represents an increase  of $29,700  for the  Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  and
no change in the Abatement,  Control, and Compliance  appropriation and no change in
total  workyears.   The  increase  reflects  higher  personnel and  support  costs.

     In 1989 EPA  will  continue  to  support  development  of standards  under  the
Clean Air  Act, the  Atomic  Energy Act, and   other legislative  authorities.  This
will include support to the development and implementation of NESHAPs  for  airborne
radionuclides, and  may  include the  collection and  analysis of air  samples from
facilities to  verify  compliance  with  existing standards.   Field  data  collection
from the  Idaho  survey will  be completed,  and analysis  of data  will  facilitate  a
decision on what  additional  steps should be  taken.  EPA will continue to  maintain
emergency response capabilities at two  field locations, and will also  participate
in field exe.rcises  scheduled by  FENA.   In addition, EPA will extend training  for
nuclear accident responses  to the  radiation staff beyond the core group who  normally
participate in tests and exercises of the existing Federal emergency response plans.
The 268 stations  of the ERAMS  which  collect  and analyze samples  of air,  precipita-
tion, and milk to determine ambient radiation levels will  continue full  operation.
The quality assurance program will be operated to  ensure accuracy of all  laboratory
measurements and data analyses conducted,  either  in-house or through program con-
tracts.  In addition, limited  support to States, other Federal agencies, and other
parts  of  EPA  will  continue  in  the  form  of  radiochemical  analyses, technical
assistance, and  participation   in the  Conference   of  Radiation  Control   Program
Di rectors.

     Reports of  radiation  levels  in  naval  harbors  surveyed  at  the request  of  the
Navy will be made available.   Attention will   be focused  on assisting  other Federal
agencies affected  by Federal  guidance  for radiofrequency radiation  to develop  a
capability to  incorporate and  implement the  guidance in their specific  activities.


                                         R-23

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1988 Program

     In  1988  the  Agency  is  allocating a  total  of $3,216,800 supported  by  48.1
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $2,966,500  is from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $250,300  is  from the Abatement, Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988 EPA  is  continuing  laboratory and technical  support to  regulation and
guidance development.  This  includes  field studies  and  analyses needed to make  a
decision on whether  to  regulate  airborne radionuclides  from phosphogypsum piles,
and a risk assessment  of the areas surrounding Pocatello and Soda Springs, Idaho.
Collection of environmental  information related to the proposal   of regulations for
residual radioactivity at decommissioned   nuclear  facilities is  also  continuing.
Environmental  assessments  in harbors servicing  nuclear-powered  vessels are being
provided, in accordance  with an  Interagency  Agreement with the Navy.   A  similar
arrangement with  the Federal  Communications  Commission provides  for  measurement
of radi.ofrequency levels  in specific locations of Interest  or concern.

     Other  activities   in  1988  Include:  maintenance  of  an   emergency  response
capability,  coordination  of  EPA  Regional  Office  review and  testing  of State
emergency response plans, assistance to other EPA offices and to  State  radiological
programs,  and  operation  of  ERAMS.  Responsibility  for   monitoring  of radiation
levels  in  the  Three Nile Island area 1s being transferred to  the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania in  anticipation of  completion of the  removal of  the  reactor core.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987  the  Agency  obligated a total  of $3,267,900 supported by 47.8 total
workyears for this program,  of which  $2,847,600 was  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation   and  $420,300  was  from  the   Abatement,  Control  and   Compliance
appropriation-.

     In  1987  EPA  continued  laboratory   and technical   support of  regulation and
guidance   development.  Program  activities  also  included the maintenance of an
emergency  response  capability, participation  in  a  full  field exercise of the
Federal Radiation Emergency Response Plan  at the Zion nuclear reactor,  coordination
of EPA Regional Office review and testing  of State emergency response plans, assis-
tance to other  EPA  offices  and  to State  radiological programs,  and operation  of
ERAMS.  Ocean  disposal  monitoring  activities  continued   for  the  development of
technical criteria in support of the Agency's ocean  disposal regulation,  which  will
cover low level  radioactive waste.
                                         R-24

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                                                   Radiation


                                              Radon Action Program
ro
in

ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 YS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Radon Action Program
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement & Control and
Compliance
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Abatement Control and
Compliance
Radon Action Program TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Radon Action Program
TOTAL WORKYEARS
$1,790.
$2,670.
$4,460.
$1,790.
$2,670.
$4,460.
27.9
27.9
31.0
31.0
1 $1.677.7
6 $2,499.8
7 $4,177.5
1 $1,677.7
1 $2,499.8
7 $4.177.5
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
$2,246.5
$4 499.8
$6,746.3
$2,246.5
$4,499.8
$6,746.3
38.5
38.5
38.5
38.5
$2,246.5
$4,799.7
$7,046.2
$2.246.5
$4.799.7
$7,046.2
38.3
38.3
38.3
38.3
$2,199.6
$5,999.7
$8,119.3
$2,119.6
$5,999.7
$8,119.3
35.3
35.3
35.3
35.3
-$126.9
$1,200.0
$1,073.1
-$126.9
$1,200.0
$1,073.1
-3.0
-3.0
-3.0
-3.0

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                                     RADIATION


                                Radon Action Program
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $8,119,300  supported  by 35.3 total  workyears
for 1989, an  increase  of  $1,073,100 and a  decrease of 3.0 total workyears  from
1988.  Of the request, $2,119,600 will  be for the Salaries and  Expenses appropria-
tion and $5,999,700 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance  appropriation.

Program Description

     This  program  supports  Headquarters   activities  to  ensure an   effective and
nationally consistent effort to develop and  implement a  comprehensive Radon Action
Program to address  and  reduce  the health impacts of  radon exposure.   This program
also  addresses  the  mandates   of  SARA,  which  require a  program   to assess the
significance of the radon problem in more detail, analyze the health  risks, provide
assistance  to  States, develop  measurement  and  mitigation techniques, and issue
technical guidance  and  information to the public.  The program  is  coordinated  with
the radon activities  of DOE, and emphasizes development of  State  and local  agency
capabilities and full participation by the private sector.


RADON ACTION PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

   . .The  Agency requests  a  total  of $8,119,300 supported by 35.3 total workyears
for  this  program, of  which  $2,119,600  will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $5,999,700  will be  for  the Abatement,   Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This  represents  a  decrease  of  $126,900  in   the   Salaries   and
Expenses  appropriation,  an  increase of  $1,200,000  in  the  Abatement,  Control
and Compliance appropriation, and a  decrease  of  3.0  total  workyears.   The decrease
reflects  a  shift  in  emphasis  to Regional implementation efforts.   The increase
provides for the development of a  radon  information  clearinghouse and a mitigation
contractor proficiency program.

     In 1989 EPA will  continue  to conduct  a  comprehensive Radon  Action Program to
address and reduce  the health impacts of radon exposure.   Specific activities  will
include the continuation  of the field  operation and data  collection  phase  of the
national  survey  of  radon  in  residences  and  design  and pre-test  of a survey to
measure radon levels  in  schools,  as required by  SARA.   Individual  States  will  be
assisted in the design and conduct of State-wide surveys,  including the collection
of screening measurements in homes, and presentation of  analyses of potential radon
areas to the public.  The House Evaluation Program will   be continued, and EPA  will
seek to work with other Federal  agencies to ensure that residences provided to their
employees  do  not  have elevated  radon levels.   The Radon Measurement Proficiency
Program will continue to evaluate the capability of firms  to accurately measure radon
levels.  Information about the proficiency of individual  firms will be made available
to the public through appropriate means.

     Also in 1989, a  radon  information clearinghouse will  be initiated to collect,
assimilate, and disseminate information on  radon, including the  latest measurement,
mitigation, and prevention techniques.  A mitigation contractor proficiency program
will  be  devised  to provide  information  to the public on the  capability of firms
working in the radon mitigation field.


                                         R-26

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1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency 1s allocating a total  of $7,046,200 supported  by 38.3  total
workyears for this  program,  of .which $2,246,500 Is from the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation   and   $4,799,700  1s  from  the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988 EPA  Is continuing  to Implement a comprehensive Radon Action  Program,
with emphasis on  the  promotion  of self-sufficient State programs to  reduce Indoor
radon levels.  Specific  activities Include:   beginning the field work  associated
with the national  survey  of  radon levels  In homes; providing measurement protocols
needed to carry out a national survey of radon in schools;  assisting seven States  in
designing and conducting more intensive State-wide surveys; developing standardized
protocols for  soil  gas measurements;  incorporating  new technology into the  House
Evaluation Program; distributing  an  interim guide and technical guidance  on  radon
reduction in new  construction;  and evaluating  and  designing  mitigation  schemes  for
80 homes in  the  House Evaluation  Program.  The  Agency  will also update the  Radon
Diagnostician and  Mitigation Training  Course  and  conduct  seven  sessions of  the
updated course.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $4,281,900 supported  by  31 workyears,
of which $1,611,300 was from the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation and $2,670,600
was from the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

     EPA continued  implementation  of the  Radon  Action Program in 1987.   Activities
included the  development  of  a  survey  design  for  State-wide surveys  of  highrrisk
areas.  Ten States completed  surveys with EPA assistance.  The program also completed
a. design for a national  survey of  radon in residences.  The House Evaluation Program
was established to  assist  States  in  evaluating  causes of and mitigation approaches
for elevated  indoor radon levels.  The Radon  Measurement  Proficiency  program  was
continued, and completed  two more rounds  of  evaluations.  Eight three-day  radon
diagnostician and  mitigation training  courses  were conducted.  A  new  brochure,
"Radon  Reduction   in  New  Construction:  An  Interim  Guide," was    produced   in
partnership with the National Association of Home Builders.
                                         R-27

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                                                  Radiation

                                     Radon  Action  Program  Implementation

                                      ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED       CURRENT     REQUEST       INCREASE ' +
                                       1987     ESTIMATE      1988       ESTIMATE      1989         DECREASE -
                                                  1988                     1988                   1989 VS  1988

                                            (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)

      PROGRAM
      Radon Action Program
      Implementation
       Salaries & Expenses           $506.2     $770.5      $690.3      $690.3     $846.6       $156.3
                             TOTAL   $506.2     $770.5      $690.3      $690.3     $846.6       $156.3


      TOTAL:
?      Salaries & Expenses           $506.2     $770.5      $690.3      $690.3     $846.6     .  $156.3
00
       Radon Action Program  TOTAL   $506.2     $770.5      $690.3      $690.3     $846.6       $156.3
       Implementation


      PERMANENT HORKYEARS
      Radon Action Program            9.0        14.0         14.0       12.7      17.0          4.3
      Implementation

      TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS       9.0        14.0         14.0       12.7      17.0          4.3


      TOTAL WORKYEARS
      Radon Action Program            10.7       14.0         14.0       14.0      17.0          3.0
      Implementation

      TOTAL HORKYEARS                 10.7       14.0         14.0       14.0      17.0          3.0

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                                     RADIATION


                        Radon Action Program Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $846,600  supported  by  17.0  total  workyears
for 1989, an increase  of  $156,300 and 3.0 total  workyears  from 1988.  All of the
request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     This program is the Regional  component  of EPA's  national  Radon Action  Program,
which addresses indoor  radon  exposure.  Activities  support  implementation of the
national program  and  include  working directly with State and  local agencies  to
assist them  to develop self-sufficient  radon  programs.  This involves providing
technical assistance to  State  personnel  in developing expertise   in measurement,
diagnostic evaluation,  and mitigation,  as  well  as  disseminating   information and
guidance on radon to the public and local agencies.


RADON ACTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $846,600  supported  by 17.0 total  workyears for
this program,  an  increase  of  $156,300 for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation,
and 3.0 total  workyears  from  1988.   The increase provides  additional emphasis  to
implementation of  the  Radon   Action Program  by  working  directly  with   States.

     In 1989  the Regional  Offices  will  continue to  implement the Radon Action
Program by assisting and  coordinating radon activities in their respective areas,
including State Surveys  and the  House  Evaluation Program.    An additional six  to
eight States will  be assisted  in the design  and conduct of State-wide radon  surveys.
In addition, screening  measurements will be  collected  in 15,000 to  20,000 homes,
and information on  the  analyses  of  potential  radon  areas  will be  provided to the
public.  The Regions will  provide direct assistance  to  the States  in design of the
surveys and  will  assist  in the  process of  making  the  results  available to the
public.  The  Regions  will  also  continue participation  in  the  House  Evaluation
Program, with  an  assessment  of approximately 80 houses in 10  States.  The Regions
will make arrangements for five  presentations of the Radon  Diagnostic and  Mitigation
Training Course at  selected locations, and  will assist  the  States  in their efforts
to conduct the course independently.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the  Agency  is allocating a total  of $690,300 supported  by  14.0  total
workyears for  this  program,   all   of which  is  from   the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1988  Regional  Offices  are  continuing  to  assist and  coordinate  activities
to support the  implementation  of  the radon  program  by  providing direct  support  to
the States  in development  of  State  capabilities.   This  includes assistance  in
developing State  survey designs and  review  of State  plans for participation in the
national assessment of  the radon  problem, assistance  in  the  development  of  State
radon monitoring  capabilities,  participation  in the House Evaluation Program, and
technical advice  and  assistance.    Regional   Offices  are also  participating in the
presentation of the Radon Diagnostic and Mitigation Training Course.   Support  to


                                         R-29

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States Is being provided as needed to deal  with the most critical  radon problems  as
they are discovered.  The Regions are also  continuing to act as distribution points
for   public   information  materials  and   are involved  in radon public awareness
activities,


1987 Accomplishments

      In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $506,200  supported by  10.7  total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.

      The  Regional    Offices   supported  the  Radon  Action Program  by providing
technical assistance  to States  in their  efforts  to  develop  programs to  address
exposure to indoor radon.   Regional efforts included the gathering  and dissemination
of information materials to  the  public  and local agencies as part  of  a  continuing
radon educational program.
                                         R-30

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INTERDISCIPLINARY

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989  Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY                                                          1-1
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Intermedia Programs..	 1-7
          Sc1 ent 1 f 1 c Asses sment	 1-13
          Technical  Information and  Liaison....,	 1-13
          Quality Assurance Management	 1-14
          Exploratory Research  Core  Program	 1-15
       •   Reduction  of Uncertainties 1n  Risk Assessment  (RURA)	 1-16
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Environmental Review and Coordination	1-19
       Interdisciplinary Training Grants..	.'	1-23
    ENFORCEMENT
       Enforcement Policy 4 Technical  Support	1-26
          Technical  Support - Office of  Enforcement * Compliance Monitoring 1-29
          Enforcement Policy  &  Operations....i	1-30
          Criminal Investigations Program	 1-32
                                         1-1

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APPROPRIATION
                                            INTERDISCIPLINARY
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)
 Salaries 4 Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research & Development
 Scientific Activities
 Overseas

TOTAL, Interdisciplinary

PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$28,700.8  $31,219.7  $30,769.2  $30,769.2  $31.548.4    $779.2
 $6,325.6   $7.349.4   $8,421.6   $9,502.7   $9,672.0    $169.3

$21,159.9  $18,207.5  $21,508.5  $21,396.1  $28,605.0  $7,208.9
     $1.5
$56.187.8  $56.776.6  $60,699.3  $61,668.0  $69.825.4  $8,157.4

    553.7      556.7      573.6      587.8      585.7      -2.1
    583.5      602.2      623.5      623.5      623.5
$61.122.5  $61,209.7  $60.288.2  $61,250.3  $61.890.5    $640.2
All authorization except Research and Development, 1s by virtue of the
Appropriation Act.  The Environmental Research, Development and Demonstration
Act expired September 30, 1981.  Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The Env1ronmental   Protection  Agency's  (EPA)   Interdisciplinary   Program  1s
composed of several  activities that cut across programs  and  are not media  specific.
These activities  address  environmental  concerns  that   affect  several  media  and
require an interdisciplinary  approach.  The  Interdisciplinary  Program  Includes the
Intermedia Research   Program  within  the  Research  and   Development  function,  the
Federal Agencies  Compliance  Program  and  the  National  Environmental  Policy  Act
(NEPA) Compliance Program within the Abatement  and  Control  function,  and  the legal
aspects of the Agency's enforcement efforts.

     The Intermedia Research Program consists of five major  activities:  scientific
assessments, technical  information  and liaison  (Including  regulatory  support  and
technology transfer),  exploratory  research,  quality assurance management and  an
integrated program  to  reduce  uncertainties 1n  risk assessment.   The  Scientific
Assessment Program  has  responsibility  for  developing  uniform   risk  assessment
guidelines for Agency-wide  application, assuring  consistency of approach  to  guide-
lines, and coordinating with other agencies through the  Risk Assessment Forum.  The
Technical Information and  Liaison  Program  provides  for  production and transfer  of
technical and  scientific  Information  products  from the Office   of  Research  and
Development (ORD) with  an  emphasis on  communicating  cost-effective  methods  for
complying with  EPA's regulations.   The Regulatory  Support program  continues  to
ensure that Agency  regulation development 1s  consistent  with  current  technical and
scientific research   findings.   The Exploratory  Research  Program  provides  long
range exploratory research, conducted primarily  through grants and  academic research
centers, including  the Visiting  Scientist Program.  The Quality  Assurance Program
provides centralized  guidance and management  for  Agency-wide Quality  Assurance
activities, and performs audits to assess the effectiveness  of  the Agency's Quality
Assurance efforts.  The  integrated program to reduce  uncertainties  in  risk assess-
ment includes the key projects 1n  exposure  model  development  and  exposure-response
model  development   for  estimating  adverse   effects  on  humans  and  ecosystems
attributable to environmental pollution.

     The Environmental   Review  and  Coordination  Program  accomplishes  statutory
objectives under  the authority  of  the National  Environmental  Policy Act  (NEPA);
Section 309  of  the  Clean Air Act;  and  Executive Order  12088  - Federal  Compliance
with Pollution Control Standards;  and  includes  four program activities as well  as
support for Regional interdisciplinary  projects and EPA  technology transfer activi-
ties.  The NEPA  Compliance program assures  EPA's  actions comply with the  intent  of
NEPA.  This  includes reviews that are  the  functional equivalent   for  those  Agency
programs that are not specifically covered by NEPA.  The Federal Facilities Compli-
ance program oversees  Federal  compliance with  all  Federal  statutory  environmental
requirements, and  specifically  with  Executive  Order   12088.   The  Environmental
Review program  ensures  that  Federal   agencies  carry out  their  activities   in  an
environmentally sound manner pursuant to the  National Environmental Policy Act and
Section 309  of the  Clean   Air Act.   The Indians  program develops and  implements
policies for  dealing  with  Indian tribes  on  environmental  problems.    Regional
interdisciplinary projects  enable rapid response to unique intermedia  environmental
problems.  EPA's technology transfer activities are  intended to improve  efficiency
and  performance  in  environmental   programs  through  technology  transfer  and
information exchange.

     Enforcement  Policy   and  Operations   provides  consistent   direction  to EPA
enforcement for  all  non-Superfund media  to  assure the most effective  possible
stewardship of EPA's enforcement responsibilities as they contribute to the protec-
tion of environmental  quality.   To accomplish this  goal, it establishes  compliance


                                       1-3

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monitoring and enforcement  priorities,  policies,  and procedural  guidelines so that
enforcement actions  are properly  selected  and  prepared;  establishes  measures  to
ensure policies and  procedures  are correctly Implemented  by  the media enforcement
programs and Regional offices.  It conducts all  legal case development, litigation,
and adjudicatory hearing activities for media  enforcement  programs.  These  acti-
vities include  oversight  of evidence  gathering,  preparation  and management  of
cases, and referral of cases to the Department of Justice for litigation.

     In addition, this program contains the Agency's criminal  investigation efforts
which entail  investigation,  preparation,  and  referral of  cases  Involving criminal
violations of environmental statutues.  Investigators and attorneys provide support
to the Department  of Justice during  subsequent  investigations  and prosecution  of
these cases.

     The National  Enforcement  Investigations  Center  (NEIC)  provides  specialized
technical expertise  in  support  of  EPA enforcement  case preparation  activities.
NEIC serves  as  a  point  of  coordination  and  support for complex investigations,
which have a national  impact on environmental enforcement.   In  1989,  the NEIC will
emphasize the support and resolution of ongoing cases in order to maximize environ-
mental benefits by Improving compliance with environmental statutes.
                                        1-4

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY

                       Enforcement Policy & Technical Support
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
ACTUAL
 1987
 BUDGET
ESTIMATE
 1988
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
 1988*    1989
          INCREASE +
          DECREASE -
         1989 VS 1988
Enforcement Actions
Administrative Orders
     EPA	
     States 	
New Judicial Referrals
     EPA
       Civil 	
       Criminal	
     State
       Civil 	
Judicial Cases, Ongoing
  Civil Cases Start of Year ....
  Civil Cases Concluded 	
Active Consent Decrees
  3053
  3183
   222
    41

   723

   596
   191

   344

    65
   119
    66
Criminal Investigations, New ...
  Investigations Start of Year..
  Defendants Criminally Charged
Contractor Listing: 	;...
  Deli stings and Discretionary
    Listings 	
Permit Support
  RCRA	     105
  NPDES 	     434
  UIC 	     582
Penalties Assessed
  Administrative & Civil ... $24,300,000
  Criminal 	  $3,600,000
  2619
   283
    47
    **
   171
    83
           457
           433
           505

            **
            **
 3070
    *
  268
   50
  627
  153
   85
    *
                     31
            170
            329
            490

              *
              *
2869
   *
 248
  55
 742
 128
  90
   *
                      40
           149
           410
           490

             *
             *
-201
 -20
  +5
+115
 -25
  +5
   *
             -21
               1
               0
               *
               *
* Future Year Projections are not made for this data element.
** New item fiscal year 1989 budget.
                                       1-5

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    Research
and Development

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Intenmedia Programs	..	  T-7
          Sclent1f1c Asses sment	  1-13
          Technical  Information and Liaison	1-13
          Quality Assurance Management	  1-14
          Exploratory Research Core Program	1-15
          Reduction  of Uncertainties 1n Risk Assessment  (RURA)	  1-16
                                        .1-6

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                                            INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                           Intermedia Programs
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
                                          (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)
Scientific Assessment
Interdisciplinary
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research ft Development
                        TOTAL
Technical Information *
Liaison
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development
                         TOTAL
Quality Assurance
Management
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development


Exploratory Research
Core Program -
Interdisciplinary
 Salaries A Expenses
 Research & Development
                        TOTAL

Reduction of Uncertainties
In Risk Assessment
 Research A Development
                        TOTAL
                                $1,190.1
                                  $912.4
                                $2,102.5
          $1,321.2
            $934.0
          *2,255.2
$1,318.2
$1,054.0
$2,372.2
$1,318.2
$1,054.0
$2,372.2
$1,347.1
  $898.3
$2,245.4
  $28.9
-U55.7
-$126.8
                                $2,417.3    $2,222.1    $2,406.1    $2,406.1    $2,781.5     $375.4
                                  $840.8      $699.3      $980.3      $980.3    $1,380.3     $400.0

                        TOTAL   $3,258.1    $2,921.4    $3,386.4    $3,386.4    $4,161.8     $775.4
  $775.4     $891.5     $832.2     $832.2     $850.4     $18.2
51,070.0     $890.8     $890.8     $890.8     $855.4    -$35.4
|1.845.4    $1,782.3.   $1,723.0    $1,723.0   $1,705.8    -$17.2
                                  $875.6     $593.7   $1,007.5   $1,007.5     $563.2   -$444.3
                                $18,336.7  $15,683.4  $15,583.4  $15,471.0  $15,471.0
                                $19,212.3  $16;277.1  $16,590.9  $16,478.5  $16,034.2   -$444.3
                                                      $3,000.0   $3,000.0  $10,000.0  $7,000.0
                                                      $3,000.0   $3,000.0  $10,000.0  $7,000.0

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                                                                   INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                                                  Intermedia  Programs

                                                        ACTUAL     BUPGET     ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                         1987     ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                                    1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                                 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                       TOTAL:
                        Salaries * Expenses            $5,258.4   $5,028.5   $5,564.0   $5,564.0   $5,542.2    -$21.8
                        Research & Development        $21,159.9  $18,207.5  $21.508.5  $21,396.1  $28,605.0  $7,208.9

                       Intermedia Programs     TOTAL  $26,418.3  $23,236.0  $27,072.5  $26,960.1  $34,147.2  $7,187.1


                       PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                       Scientific Assessment               19.6       23.1       23.1       24.1       24.1
                       Interdisciplinary

                       Technical Information ft             33.0       33.8       33.8       38.1       43.1       5.0
                       Liaison

                       Quality Assurance                   10.9       14.6       14.6       14.5       14.5
                       Management

                       Exploratory Research.                16.2        9.3        9.3       17.0        9.3      -7J
Y                      Core Program -
oo                      Interdisciplinary

                       TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS           79.7       80.8       80.8       93.7       91.0      -2.7

                       TOTAL HORKYEARS
                       Scientific Assessment               21.3       23.1       23.1       24.1       24.1
                       Interdisciplinary

                       Technical Information ft             36.0       33.8       33.8       38.1       43.1       5.0
                       Liaison

                       Quality Assurance                   11.4       14.6       14.6       14.5       14.5
                       Management

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                                            INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                           Indermedla Programs

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REflllEST    INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE       19R8     ESTIMATE     1989      DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988               1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Exploratory Research
Core Program -
Interdisciplinary
16.2
 9.3
 9.3
17.0
 9.3
-7.7
TOTAL WORK YEARS
84.9
80.8
80.8
93.7
91.0
  -2.7

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


                                Intermedia Programs


                           Principal Outputs by Objective


Objective 1:  Assure Uniform Risk Assessment

1989:  o  Guidelines for making and using exposure measurements; assessment of risk
          in the male and female reproductive  system; and assessment  of systematic
          toxicant effects (Scientific Assessments)
       o  Risk Assessment Forum analyses of specific risk assessment issues (Scien-
          tific Assessment)
       o  Update  of  the  Integrated  Risk  Information   System (IRIS)  (Scientific
          Assessment)

1988:  o  Proposed guidelines  for  assessment of  risks to male  and  female reproduc-
          tive system,  and  non  cancer  health  effects;  continued development  of
          guidelines on ecological  risk assessment (Scientific  Assessment)
       o  Expanded the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (Scientific Assess-
          ment)

1987:  o  Completed  staff work  on guidance for male and female reproductive risk
          assessment (Scientific Assessment)
       o  The  Risk  Assessment Forum  completed  analyses and reports  on  two  major
          issues -  procedures  for  estimating  risk  associated  with  exposures  to
          mixtures of  chlorinated  Dibenzo-p Dioxins and  Dibenzofurans  (Scientific
          Assessment)
       o  Initiated  pilot  operation  of  the  Integrated  Risk  Information  System
          (IRIS) in EPA regions (Scientific Assessment)


Objective 3;  Technology Transfer

1989:  o  Handbook on management of non-point sources of  pollution (Technical Infor-
          mation)
       o  Handbook to  identify  the  costs and  the relative efficiencies  of  best
          management practices  for reducing  sources  of  pollution in  rural  areas
          (Technical  Information)
       o  Handbook on  hazardous toxic air  pollutants from  municipal and patholo-
          gical hospital incinerators (Technical  Information)

1988;  o  Workshops  on emerging technologies  for upgrading existing or designing
          new drinking water treatment facilities.  (Technical  Information)
       o  Seminars on  solvent  waste  reduction  alternatives  (Technical Information)

1987:  o  Handbook on  control  technologies  for hazardous air  pollutants (Technical
          Information)
       o  Handbook on accessing and protecting  the quality of  groundwater resources
          (Technical  Information)


Objective 4:  Regulatory Support

1989:  o  Analysis  to  ensure  scientific  integrity in  the   Agency's   regulatory
          development process (Technical  Information)

1988:  o  Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory develop-
          ment process (Technical Information)


                                          1-10

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1987;  o  Analysis to ensure scientific integrity in the Agency's regulatory devel-
          opment process (Technical Information)


Objective 5;  Manage the Agency Mandatory Quality Assurance Program

1989;  o  Continuation of management systems reviews (QA Management)
       o  Review  of  updated  quality  assurance  program  plans  (QA  Management)
       o  Review of data quality objectives (QA Management)

1988;  o  Revision of guidance on data quality objectives (QA Management)
       o  Continuation of audit program for data quality (QA Management)
       o  Continuation of management systems reviews (QA Management)

1987;  o  Implementation  of   "audit  program   for  data  quality  (QA Management)
       o  Policy guidance  for developing  data quality objectives  (QA Management)
       o  Reviews for quality assurance program plans (QA Management)


Objective 6;  Manage/Implement the Exploratory Grants and Centers Program

1989;  o  Solicitation of  1990  research  grants  proposals (Exploratory Research)
       o  Annual reports on  Q-ants  and  Centers  Programs  (Exploratory  Research)
       o  Bibliography of research  grant  published  articles (Exploratory Research)

1988;  o  Solicitation of  1989  research  grants  proposals (Exploratory Research)
       o  Annual reports on  Grants  and  Centers  Programs  (Exploratory  Research)

1987:  o  Awarded 40 new research grants (Exploratory Research)
       o  Publication of 99 technical  articles  In refereed  journals (Exploratory
        .  Research)                 :                                    .


Objective 7;  Manage/Implement the Distinguished Visiting Scientists Program

1989;  o  Solicitation and selection  of scientists  and  engineers for 1990 Visiting
          Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)

1988:  o  Solicitation and selection  of scientists  and  engineers for 1989 Visiting
          Scientists Program (Exploratory Research)

1987:  o  Selection of  5 new scientists or engineers for  the  Program (Exploratory
          Research)


Objective 9;  Reduction of Uncertainties In Risk Assessments (RURA)

1989;  o  Conduct  health  risk  assessments through measurement  of human exposure
          and improve assessment models (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Initiate  research in the  areas  of human exposure  assessment  and  charac-
          terization of uncertainties in health risk assessment (Scientific  Assess-
          ment)
       o  Initiate   an  integrated  research  program for  improving ecological  risk
          assessment.  (Scientific Assessment)

1988;  o  Development of an integrated approach to evaluate/characterize the uncer-
          tainties  in risk assessments (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Initiate   an  integrated research program to  improve  health risk  assess-
          ments.  (Scientific Assessment)
       o  Develop an expanded  project  plans for reduction of uncertainties in health
          risk assessment (Scientific Assessment)


                                          1-11

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


                                Intermedia Programs
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a  total  of $34,147,200 supported by 91.0  total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $7,187,100 and a decrease of 2.7 total workyears from 1988.
Of the request, $5,542,200  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$28,605,000 will be  for  the Research and Development appropriation, a  decrease of
$21,800 in the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and an increase of $7,208,900
in the Research and Development appropriation.

Program Description

     The Intermedia budget  subactivity consists of those ORD programs  which cross
all media.  These are  Uniform Risk Assessment, Technical Information and Liaison,
Quality Assurance Management, Exploratory  Research  and Reduction of  Uncertainties
in Risk Assessment.

     Objective 1;  Assure Uniform Risk Assessment.   This activity provides  Agency-
wide guidancetoperformexposure  andrisk  assessments.   These  guidelines  are
intended to ensure uniform assessments that rely on sound scientific principles and
information.

     Objective 2:  Technical Information Product Management.   This program  manages
the development of  ORD'sscientific  and technicalinformation  products  to  ensure
they are  efficiently planned,  controlled, distributed  and  produced  with  a  high
quality.                                         .                           .

     .Objective 3;  Technology Transfer.  These  activities support  the  Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation  Act  (P.L.  96-480)  and the Technology  Transfer  Act of
1986 by  providing  States and  localities with  the  technology  and  scientific  data
needed to meet their regulatory responsibilities.

     Objective 4;  Regulatory Support.  This activity coordinates available  scien-
tific data with proposed regulations in order  to ensure  that  all  regulatory deci-
sions are based on the most current technical  information.

     Objective 5:  Manage  the  Agency  Mandatory Quality  Assurance Program.  This
program providespolicy direction,  management guidanceand"oversightFor  the
Agency's quality assurance program.

     Objective 6;  Manage/Implement  Exploratory  Grants  and Centers Program.   The
grants program funds individual  investigator-initiated research in areas of concern
to the Agency through an open,  competitive, peer-reviewed evaluation process.   The
long-term exploratory research centers will focus on multi-disciplinary research in
eight topic areas.

     Objective 7:   Manage/Implement  Distinguished  Visiting  Scientists  Program.
This objective  develops and  implements  programs   to  strengthen and  enhance  the
quality of the  Agency's research  programs  through  the  exchange of  scientists and
the granting  of awards  for  scientific-achievement.    The  major activity   is  the
senior Visiting Scientists  program,  which enables  accomplished  scientists to  con-
duct research at ORD laboratories.

     Objective 8:  Manage/Implement the Small Business  Innovative  Research  (SBIR)
Program.This  program  supports  implementation  of the  SmallBusiness  Innovation
Development Act (P.L. 97-219),  which requires the  Agency to award  1.25 percent of
its extramural research budget to  small  business concerns which conduct innovative
research.


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     Objective 9;  Reduction of  Uncertainties  In Risk  Assessments  (RURA).  This
program supports an Integrated  effort to  reduce uncertainties In risk assessments.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $2,245,400 supported by  24.1  total  workyears
for this program, of which  $1,347,100 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation and $898,300 will  be  for the Research and  Development appropriation.  This
represents an increase of  $28,900 and a decrease  of  $155,700  respectively,  and no
change -in total  workyears. The  increase  in  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation
reflects a  general  enhancement of  inhouse  support  for the  scientific  assessment
program.  The decrease reflects completion of  several  risk  assessment guidelines.

     Assure Uniform Risk Assessment.  In  1989  this program  will provide  guidance
on risk assessments  through development  of guidelines  and  support  documents and
offer training  to implement  the  guidelines.    In addition,  the   Risk  Assessment
Forum activities  will  develop  Agency-wide concensus on  risk  assessment  issues and
ensure incorporation  into  appropriate  guidance.   The  program  will  also  support
the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is allocating  a  total  of  $2,372,200  supported  by 24.1
total workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $1,318,200 Is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,054,000 is  from the Research  and  Development appro-
priation.  The program will provide guidance on risk assessment through development
of guidelines and support documents, as well as provide support to the Risk Assess-
ment Forum  and  the  Integrated Risk  Information  System.   The  program will  also
conduct risk assessments research on biostatisties and pharmacokinetics.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of  $2,102,500 supported  by  21.3 total
workyears, of which $1,190,100 was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and
$912,400 was from the Research and Development appropriation.

     In 1987, five  risk  assessment  guidelines  were  published,  training  materials
were prepared and guideline training sessions were held.  The Risk Assessment Forum
produced risk assessment  reports  and  the  pilot operation of IRIS in the  Regions
was initiated and  a research  program to reduce  uncertainties 1n  risk  assessment
was planned.


TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $4,161,800 supported by  43.1  total  workyears,
of which  $2,781,500   will  be   for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  and
$1,380,300 will  be for the Research and Development appropriation.  This represents
an increase  of  $375,400  and $400,000  respectively, and  an  increase of  5.0 total
workyears.  This  increase  represents an  expansion of the technology transfer and
regional liaison efforts to enhance  scientific  and technical  knowledge on "environ-
mental protection within  the public  and private  sectors as mandated by the Stevenson
Wydler Act and the Technology Transfer Act of 1986.


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     Technical Information Product Management.  In 1989, the Center for Environmen-
tal Research Information (CERI) will  track,  process, and distribute  all ORD reports,
develop special reports as needed and  produce all  ORD project summaries and review
them for  policy   Implications.   Activities  will  Include  processing  reports  and
journal articles  to  the National  Technical  Information  Service  (MTIS),  reviewing
and controlling the  quality  of project summaries,  and  printing  and  distributing
ORD information products.  In  1989,  CERI estimates  it will  receive  1,400 reports
for processing to NTIS.

     Technology Transfer.  ORD  disseminates technical  data  1n response to requests
from the EPA program offices,  the EPA  regional  offices, States, and private indus-
try.  These activities will be carried out in support of the Stevenson-Wydler Tech-
nology Innovation  Act.   Activities  will  Include  the design,  production,  quality
control, and  distribution  of  materials  such  as  design  manuals,  users'  guides,
handbooks and workshops and  a  program to  increase  utilization of computer assisted
information exchange.

     Regulatory Support.  In 1989, the program will coordinate the available sclen-
tific data with proposed regulations.   This will ensure  that all  regulatory deci-
sions are based on the most current technical information.  Responsibilities include
participation In Agency regulatory workgroups,  review of option/ selection packages,
and analysis of regulatory requirements.

     Regional Scientists Liaison.  This program will  be expanded 1n 1989 to permit
full implementation  of  the Regional  Scientists Program.   The program will provide
an ORD scientist as a liaison officer on station in each Regional Office to enhance
regional access to ORD Information and staff.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency 4s  allocating  a  total  of  $3,386,400  supported  by  38.1
total workyears for  this program,  of which  $2,406,100  is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $980,300 is  from the  Research and  Development appro-
priation.  CERI activities  in  1988  include tracking,  processing  and distributing
all ORD reports, developing special reports as needed; and producing ORD summaries.
Technology transfer activities  support the  production of technology transfer tools
for the  Program  Offices and  the Regions.   Regulatory support  activities include
ensuring technically sound development of Agency  regulations.  The Regional Scien-
tists Program will be expanded to 5 regions.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a  total  of $3,258,100  supported by 36.0 total
workyears for this program, of  which  $2,417,300 was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $840,800  was  from the  Research and  Development appropriation.
Major accomplishments in 1987  included processing  of over 1,300 documents to NTIS.
Approximately 400 project  summaries  were produced and  distributed  and over 30,000
requests for publications were answered.


QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $1,705,800 supported  by  14.5  total  workyears
for this program, of which  $850,400 will be  for  the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and  $855,400 will be for  the  Research  and  Development  appropriation.   This
represents an  increase of $18,200 and  a  decrease  of $35,400,  respectively, and
no change in total workyears.  The increase in the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion reflects  a  general enhancement  of  inhouse support  for  the quality assurance
                                          1-14

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program.  The  decrease  1n  the  Research  and Development  appropriation  reflects
completion of major efforts  related to quality assurance  program plans production
and review.

     Manage the Agency  Mandatory  Quality  Assurance  Program.  In  1989,  Program
                                                         pH
Offices, Regionaloffices  and  ORD laboratories  willImplement  quality assurance
procedures consistent with Agency  policy to ensure that data generated  by EPA are
reliable, valid and accurate.   This  program Includes ongoing review  of  QA Program
Plans, revision  of guidance  on Data  Quality  Objectives;  support  for development
of Data  Quality  Objectives;  continuation  of  Management  Systems Audits;  Imple-
mentation of alternative  laboratory  quality  control  procedures,  and continuation
of a program to audit data quality.


1988 Program .              •

     In 1988, the Agency Is allocating  a total of  $1,723,000 supported by 14.5 total
workyears for this  program,  of  which  $832,200 1s  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $890,800  1s  from the Research  and  Development appropriation.
Quality assurance activities  1n  1988  Involve  the Implementation  and  evaluation of
programs to support the development of Agency data of known and acceptable quality.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a  total of  $1,845,400  supported  by  11.4 'total
workyears for this  program,  of  which  $775,400  was from the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,070,000  was from the  Research  and  Development appropriation.
Accomplishments In  1987  included the  review  of  Quality Assurance Program Plans,
development of  guidance  on  Data  Quality  Objectives,  performance of  Management
Systems Audits,  development   of  alternative  procedures  for  measurement  methods
validation and laboratory quality control techniques and quality assurance training.


EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CORE PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $16,034,200  supported  by 9.3  total  workyears
for this program.   Of  this  total, $563,200 will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $15,471,000 will  be  for the  Research  and  Development appropria-
tion.  This represents  a decrease of $444,300 in Salaries and Expenses appropriation
and a  decrease  of  7.7  total  workyears.  There is no  change  In the  Research and
Development appropriation.  The decrease in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation
is the  result  of  efficiencies   1n  administering  the  Grants  and  Centers  program
and the transfer of personnel to the Regional  Scientists Program.

     Manage/Implement Exploratory Research Grants and Centers Program.  The  Agency
requests a  totalof $8,271,000  in  extramuralfundsfor the  Exploratory  Research
Grants program. This program  will  award 45  new grants and continue support for 30
grants.  Applications  from Individual  researchers will  be  received,  peer  reviewed
and analyzed  for relevance  to   EPA's  mission  and priorities.   The   program  will
emphasize: continued improvement in  quality   of  research;  coordination  with  the
Agency's research planning process; dissemination of results from completed grants;
and coordination  with  other  Federal  agencies.   Seminars  and workshops featuring
the completed work  of  grantees  will  continue in Agency laboratories  and  at other
locations around the country.

     The Agency  requests  a  total of $4,500,000 of extramural funds  ($560,000 per
center) for the  Centers  program to support studies of  high  priority  to  the Agency


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such as groundwater and hazardous waste control technologies.  Management attention
1n the eight operating centers will focus on new trends and discoveries coming from
ongoing research  studies.   The eight university centers and  their  research themes
are as  follows:  Louisiana  State  University-Hazardous  Waste  Research;  Cornell
University-Ecosystems Research;  Illinois  Institute of  Technology-Industrial  Waste
Elimination Research;  University of California  (Los  Angeles)-Intermed1a Transport
Research; University  of  Rhode  Island-Marine  Sciences  Research;  University  of
Pittsburgh-Environmental Epidemiology;  University  of  Illinois  (Urbana)-Advanced
Environmental Control Technology Research; and  Rice,  University  of  Oklahoma, Okla-
homa State  Un1vers1ty-Groundwater  Research.   An  annual  report  will  summarize the
activities and  accomplishments  of  the  centers.   Symposia,  workshops  and  publi-
cations In  referred  journals ensure that  Information learned from  center  studies
1s shared.

     Manage/Implement  Distinguished  Visiting  Scientists  Program.  This  program
will enable  distinguished  scientists and  engineers  to  work in  ORD laboratories.
Eminent scientists and  engineers will collaborate with their counterparts  In ORD
laboratories on relevant areas of research.

     Manage/Implement  the  Small  Business  Innovative  Research  (SBIR)  Program.
The Agency requests  a  total  of $2,500,000  (1.25 percent of the extramural research
budget) for ttie SBIR program to provide 36  awards 1n  1989  to small business conduct-
Ing Innovative research.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency Is  allocating  a total  of  $16,478,500  supported  by 17.0
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $1,007,500 is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $15,471,000 is  from the Research and Development appro-
priation.  Of the total  extramural  request,  this program  will  provide $8,152,400
for Exploratory Research Grants,  $4,260,000 for  the research centers, and $2,318,600
for the SBIR program.  In 1988, the Exploratory Research Grants program will review
300 grant proposals, award  3 new grants and  continue  support for  72 grants.  The
program will  also manage  the academic  research centers  to support  the Agency's
long-term research  needs. , The  Visiting  Scientists  Program  is enabling  outside
scientists and engineers to conduct  research  in ORD  laboratories. The SBIR program
will make 36 awards to small business.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the. Agency obligated  a total of  $19,212,300  supported by 16.2 total
workyears for this  program, of  which $875,600  was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $18,336,700 was from the Research  and Development appropriation.
In 1987, the Exploratory Research  program  reviewed 375 grant proposals, awarded 40
new grants and  continued  support for  97  grants.  The  Visiting  Scientists Program
sponsored the work of 15 researchers in ORD laboratories to strengthen EPA's scien-
tific basis for regulatory decision making.


REDUCTION OF UNCERTAINTIES  IN RISK ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total of $10,000,000  for  this  program.   Of this total,
$10,000,000 will be for the Research and Development appropriation. This represents
an increase  of  $7,000,000  in  the  Research  and  Development appropriation.   The
increase represents an orderly expansion  of the program to the level envisioned by
the appropriation committee in  the  1988 enactment and  will include  expansion  of
the human health  risk  efforts initiated  in  1988  and initiation of an integrated
program for reduction of uncertainties in ecological  risk assessment.


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     Human Health Risk Assessment.  Research will  be directed to develop  improved
methods for measurement and estimation of exposure and dose and to develop improved
exposure-response models.   In  the  case  of  human  health exposure-response  model
development, emphasis will  be on biologically based dose-response model and improved
approaches to link exposure, dose and adverse effect.

     Ecological Risk Assessment.   The emphasis  will  be  placed  on  three areas  of
uncertainty.First, the  program will  address  the  uncertainty  of  how  ecosystems
function.  Research  will  be   directed  towards  measuring  the  current  state  of
ecosystems, determining the  nature, rate  and  direction  of  change  and  estimating
the system vulnerability. Second, the program will  conduct research to identify and
measure ecological  endpoints  and  interpret  evaluations  of  functional   change.
Third, research  will   be  performed  to  assess  hazards associated   with  ecosystem
stress.


1988 Program

     The Agency is  allocating  $3,000,000  from the  Research  and  Development appro-
priation to  develop  a comprehensive  program for  reducing uncertainties in  human
health risk assessment.  Activities will implement the integrated plan developed to
reduce the gaps in the data base and  improve the reliability of models required to
estimate the adverse health effects of environmental pollution.
                                          1-17

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Abatement and Control

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
                                1989 Budget  Estimate
                                 Table of Contents
INTERDISCIPLINARY
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Environmental  Review and Coordination	1-19
       Interdisciplinary Training Grants	  1-23
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                                                        INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                              Environmental Review and Coordination

                                             ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                              1987      ESTIMATE       1988     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                         1988                   1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                      (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)

            PROGRAM
            Environmental  Review
            and Coordination
             Salaries * Expenses            $4,540.7   $5,167.2   $4,753.6   $4,753.6   $5,008.0    $254.4
             Abatement Control  and          $3,483.5   $5,407.9   $6,516.8   $7,561.2   $7,730.5    $169.3  .
             Compliance
                                    TOTAL   $8,024.2  $10,575.1  $11,270.4  $12,314.8  $12,738.5    $423.7


            TOTAL:
             Salaries 4 Expenses            $4,540.7   $5,167.2   $4,753.6   $4,753.6   $5,008.0    $254.4
V            Abatement Control  and          $3,483.5   $5,407.9   $6,516.8   $7.561.2   $7,730.5    $169.3
S            Compliance

            Environmental  Review    TOTAL   $8,024.2  $10,575.1  $11,270.4  $12,314.8  $12,738.5    $423.7
            and Coordination


            PERMANENT WORKYEARS
            Environmental Review               102.6      112.4   .   115.4      107.2      115.4       8.2
            and Coordination

            TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS          102.6      112.4      115.4      107.2      115.4       8.2


            TOTAL WORKYEARS
            Environmental Review               110.5      112.4      115.4      115.4      115.4
            and Coordination

            TOTAL WORKYEARS                    110.5      112.4      115.4      115.4      115.4

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


                       Environmental Review and Coordination


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $12,738,500 supported  by  115.4  total  workyears
for 1989, an  Increase  of  $423,700  and  no change in total  workyears  from  1988.   Of
the request,  $5,008,000 will  be for  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  and
$7,730,500 will be  for the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation,  an
Increase of $254,400 in  Salaries and Expenses and  an Increase of  $169,300  in  the
Abatement, Control and  Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     Environmental Review and  Coordination — This activity Includes  the  following
four programs.NationalEnvironmentalPolicy  Act  (NEPA)   Compliance   contains
resources for assuring  EPA's actions comply with the  Intent of  NEPA and other non-
EPA administered environmental  laws (such as  the Endangered  Species Act and  the
National Historic Preservation  Act).  The  NEPA Compliance  program  also  provides
assistance to  other  EPA  programs 1n conducting  functionally equivalent  analyses.

     Federal Facilities Compliance deals  with  control   of pollution  at  Federal
Installations.  Under Executive Order 12088,  EPA  1s directed  to:  (1) provide tech-
nical advice  and  assistance to Federal  agencies  to  ensure that their facilities
comply with pollution  control  requirements  1n a cost-effective and  timely manner;
(2) assist Federal agencies and  OMB in developing budgetary  plans  for  controlling
pollution at Federal  facilities; and (3)  resolve disputes regarding  Federal facili-
ties' violations  of  pollution control requirements through  administrative  mecha-
nisms.  The  Federal  Facility  compliance  effort  is a  comprehensive  multi-media
program which  works  with  and  coordinates the Individual  single-media  programs to
establish one Integrated and focused effort, enabling  EPA to deal with other Federal
agencies on their pollution  control  problems  in  a  highly efficient  and  effective
manner, not through fragmented, single-media  approaches.

     Pursuant to  NEPA  and  Section 309  of  the Clean Air Act, the  Environmental
Review program reviews  and comments publicly on the environmental impact  of proposed
projects, regulations,  and other major Federal actions.   This  broad  mandate encour-
ages expedited  environmental  assessment   of  all  Federal projects  and  activities.
The major  objective  is to minimize  the  adverse  environmental  impacts  of Federal
proposals by:  (1) effective liaison with  other Federal  agencies,  (2) early identi-
fication of significant environmental Issues, and (3) timely review of major actions.

     The Indian Program  coordinates  the extension  of  EPA  programs to  American
Indian tribes.   This  effort   emphasizes  coordination   of Agency  activities  and
support of activities  designed  to  Improve the environmental  management capability
of Tribal governments.   It includes identification of, and work on,  priority Tribal
projects and  resolution of  legal,  policy, and procedural  problems  hampering EPA's
ability to work with Tribal  governments.


ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND COORDINATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $12,738,500 supported  by  115.4  total  workyears
for this program, of which $5,008,000 will  be for the Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and $7,730,500 is for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an Increase  of $254,400 in  Salaries and Expenses,  an increase  of
$169,300 in Abatement,  Control  and Compliance, and  no change in total  workyears.  The
                                        1-20

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 Increase  will  ensure that  EPA complies  with Its  NEPA requirements  and  supports
 the development  of State environmental review programs  for State Revolving Funds.
 An  Increase  1n the demand  for NEPA Compliance resources 1n conducting functionally
 equivalent analyses, particularly In the CERCLA and  TSCA areas Is also expected.   In
 1989,  a   new  Federal  Facilities  Compliance  Strategy   will  be  fully implemented
 which  utilizes  new  approaches to  compliance and enforcement  response.   Emphasis
 will be placed on management  techniques such  as environmental auditing.  The Agency
 will continue to review and comment on  draft and final EISs  and  improve coordination
 with   other  Federal  agencies with   respect  to  the   Section 309 and NEPA review
 processes.   Finally, the   Agency  will   continue   overall  "outreach" with  Tribal
 groups by   providing  in   extramural  resources.  These  resources  will  continue
 Implementation  of  the  Agency's  Indian   program,  through  technical  support  and
 consultation  designed  to  strengthen the   environmental  management capabilities
 of  Tribal governments.

     Extramural resources  Included in this  request also will  support Agency-wide
 Interdisciplinary Environmental  Projects.   These  funds, to be expended  on special
 environmental projects, will  enable rapid  Regional  response  to significant or unique
 Intermedia environmental problems.  Resources will  also support the Agency's tech-
 nology transfer  efforts.   EPA's technology  transfer activities  will  be  aimed  at
 achieving Improved  efficiency  and performance  1n  environmental  programs 1n  the
 field  by  providing  better  technology  transfer and  technical  information  exchange
 between EPA  Headquarters, Regions,  States, local government and Industry.


 1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $12,314,800  supported  by 115.4
.total  workyears  for this  program,  of which $4,753,600 is  from the  Salaries  and
 Expenses  appropriation  and $7,561,200 from  the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance
 appropriation.  In  1988,  the  NEPA Compliance program continues  to assure  that
 EPA actions  in  wastewater  treatment   facility construction comply with  NEPA.    It
 also provides assistance to delegated  State  construction grants programs, ensures
 that EPA-1ssued NPDES new source permits are  1n compliance with NEPA, assists EPA's
 Office of Research  and Development and  laboratories in meeting  NEPA requirements
 for research and  development  projects  and assists  EPA  Regional  program  offices  in
 their  efforts to  comply  with  other  environmental   laws and  to carry out reviews
 equivalent to NEPA.  The Agency continues to  assist  Federal agencies in identifying
 facilities needing pollution  controls, determining the most cost-effective control,
 and resolving disputes  surrounding  facilities which are out of compliance.  Parti-
 cular  emphasis  is  placed on  hazardous waste problems  on  Federal  installations  in
 cooperation with the  Office of Solid  Waste  and Emergency  Response.   The  Agency  is
 also   continuing  to  work   on  the  review  of  environmental   impacts  of  proposed
 projects, regulations, and  other major Federal actions, as required  by  both NEPA
 and Section  309.   The   major  objective  1s   to   minimize   the  adverse  environ-
 mental impacts  of  Federal   proposals by:  (1) effective  liaison  with  other Federal
 agencies, (2)  early identification of significant environmental Issues,  and  (3)
 timely review of   major   actions.   In 1988, technical  assistance   continues  to
 be  provided  to  selected  Indian  tribes  with the   focus  of  the  Indian programs
 being  priority environmental  problems  on Tribal lands.


 1988 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted  Level

     The  net increase of $1,044,100 results  from the following action:

     - Reprogramming  -  (+1,044,100)   This   increase   is   the   result    of   two
 reprogrammings.  The  net increase  of  $300,000 supports Regional interdisciplinary
 environmental -projects.  The   increase  of $744,100  supports  continued  efforts  to
 ensure that  the  Agency complies   with  its  NEPA  requirements  and  supports  the
 development of  State environmental review programs  for the State  Revolving  Fund.


                                       1-21

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1987 Accompl1shments

     In  1987, the   Agency   obligated  a  total  of $8,024,200 supported  by 110.5
workyears for this program, of which  $4,540,700 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,483,500 from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropria-
tion.  The  NEPA  Compliance  program  Increased  emphasis   on  oversight  of State
programs  which  are  doing  much  of  the basic  environmental  analysis.  EPA also
continued  work on site-specific assessments and  EISs, and  Increased  efforts  1n
conducting functionally equivalent  analyses especially 1n the  hazardous and toxic
waste areas.  The  Agency  continued  Its   efforts  to provide technical  advice and
assistance  to  Federal  agencies to  ensure that  their  facilities  comply with pol-
lution control requirements in  a  cost effective  manner;  to  review and  comment  on
proposed actions  of  other Federal  agencies'  actions to  ensure that  public health
and the environment were protected; to improve liaison with other Federal agencies;
and, to identify  and resolve  environmental  concerns on Indian lands.   In 1987, the
Agency worked to  Improve the environmental management  capability  of Tribal  govern-
ments, Including outreach and  technical  assistance and resolution of legal, policy,
and procedural problems hampering EPA's ability to work with Tribes.
                                          1-22

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                                                           INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                                   Interdisciplinary Training Grants
                                                ACTUAL
                                                 19R7
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988.
                               ENACTED
                                 1988
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1988
REQUEST   INCREASE +
 1989     DECREASE -
        1989 VS 1988
               PROGRAM
                                                         (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
               Interdisciplinary
               Training Grants
                Abatement Control and
                Compliance
                                $1,074.2

                        TOTAL   $1,074.2
U)
TOTAL:
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance

Interdisciplinary
Training Grants
        $1,074.2


TOTAL   $1,074.2

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


                         Interdisciplinary Training Grants


Budget Request

     The Agency requests no resources for this activity 1n 1989.

Program Description

     This program provides  academic and  professional  training to  State  and local
environmental personnel in  the  areas  of  pollution control and environmental engi-
neering.  The  program  also provides  economic  support,  through   fellowships  and
training grants, to  minority  students to  allow them to  receive  academic training
in the environmental field.


INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING GRANTS
1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests no resources for this program.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating no resources for this program.


1987 Accomplishments                                                       '

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total of $1,074,200  for this program,  all of
which was from the  Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation.  In 1987, this
program funded  63 minority  fellowships;  41  fellowships  for academic  training to
State personnel  involved  in  administering  and  implementing  State Public  Water
Supply Systems  and  Underground  Injection Control  programs  as well  as  funded  a
National Environmental Health Association grant to support  training of State hazard-
ous waste personnel.   In  addition,  the  program conducted  33 EPA-sponsored training
courses for State/local personnel in the area of air pollution control technologies.
                                         1-24

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Enforcement

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                            Page
INTERDISCIPLINARY
    ENFORCEMENT
       Enforcement Policy & Technical  Support	  1-26
          Technical  Support - Office of Enforcement  &  Compliance Monitoring  1-29
          Enforcement Policy & Operations	1-30
          Criminal Investigations Program	  1-32
                                        1-25

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                                                        INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                              Enforcement Policy * Technical  Support
                                             ACTUAL
                                              1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988
ENACTED
  1988
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1988
REQUEST   INCREASE +
 1989     DECREASE -
        1989 VS 1988
            PROGRAM
                                                      (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
fO
            Technical Support
            Office of Enforcement
            And Compliance
            Monitoring
             Salaries & Expenses
             Abatement Control and
             Compliance
Enforcement Policy S
Operations
 Salaries A Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
            Criminal Investigation
            Program
             Salaries 4 Expenses
                                $3,480.9   $3,273.4   $3,274.0   $3,274.0   $3,281.8      $7.8
                                $1,409.9   $1,610.9   $1,610.9   $1,610.9   $1,610.9

                        TOTAL   $4,890.8   $4,884.3   $4,884.9   $4,884.9   $4,892.7      $7.8
                                           $13,363.0  $15,543.8  $14,844.4  $14,844.4  $15,076.7    $232.3
                                              $358.0     $330.6     $293.9     $330.6     $330.6

                                    TOTAL  $13,721,0  $15,874.4  $15,138.3  $15,175.0  $15,407.3    $232.3
                                $2,057.6   $2,206.8   $2,330.2   $2,330.2   $2,639.7    $309.5
                        TOTAL   $2,057.6   $2,206.8   $2,330.2   $2,330.2   $2,639.7    $309.5
            TOTAL:
             Salaries & Expenses
             Abatement Control and
             Compliance

            Enforcement Policy &
            Technical Support
                               $18,901.5  $21,024.0  $20,448.6  $20,448.6  $20.998.2
                                $1,767.9   $1,941.5   $1,904.8   $1,941.5   $1,941.5
                                  $549.6
                        TOTAL  $20,669.4  $22,965.5  $22,353.4  $22,390.1  $22,939.7    $549.6

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                                                       INTERDISCIPLINARY
                                             Enforcement Policy * Technical Support

                                            ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT
                                             1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                                        1988                  1988
                                                                             REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                                              1989     DECREASE -
                                                                                     1989 VS 1988
            PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                     (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)
 i
ro
           Technical  Support
           Office  of  Enforcement
           And  Compliance
And Comp
Mon1tor1
                    ng
Enforcement Policy 4
Operations

Criminal Investigation
Program

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                    53.2
                                                30.8
                                               351.4
 61.5
                                               267.4      312.5
 35.0
62.5
           321.5
38.0
61.5
42.4
61.8
          296.2      312.9
42.4
409.0      422.0      400.1      417.1
                     16.7
                                17.0
            TOTAL HORKYEARS
            Technical  Support
            Office of Enforcement
            And Compliance
            Monitoring

            Enforcement Policy ft
            Operations

            Criminal  Investigation
            Program
                                    62.1
                                    32.4
 61.5
 35.0
62.5
38.0
61.5
42.4
61.8
                                   293.6      312.5      321.5      312.2      312.9
42.4
            TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                   388.1      409.0      422.0      416.1      417.1
                                                                                                       1.0

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                                 INTERDISCIPLINARY


                      Enforcement Policy and Technical  Support
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $22,939,700 supported  by 417.1 total  work years
for 1989, an Increase of $549,600 and  1.0  total workyear from 1988.  Of the request,
$20,998,200 will  be for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  and $1,941,500
will be  for  the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance  appropriation,  an  Increase  of
$549,600 in the Salaries and Expenses appropriation and no change in  the Abatement,
Control and Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     The program areas under this subactlvlty Include:

     Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring   —   The
National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) provides Headquarters and Regional
offices with  technical  support  for  litigation  development 1n  enforcement cases
which have major precedential  Implications,  require  unusual or extremely  sophisti-
cated technical support, or  require  national management.  In addition, the Center
provides a full range  of  technical  support to the Agency's criminal  Investigation
program.  NEIC  provides  technical  assistance for  criminal litigation under  all
statutes administered by the Agency.

     Enforcement  Policy  and  Operations  —  This  program  provides   the legal
enforcementan3compliancemonitoring  component  of  the Agency's  enforcement
programs in  all  non-Superfund  media.   The  Headquarters  component  1s  responsible
for Implementation of  all  aspects  of  legal activities  in which  EPA  is  a  plaintiff
and provides  consistent direction  and coordination of  Agency  legal  enforcement
policies, strategies,  and  case  development  activities.   In addition, the Head-
quarters component is responsible for oversight of the  Agency's  compliance efforts,
including establishment  of  Agency-wide  criteria  for  use  1n  the  development  of
media-specific compliance  strategies,  negotiation  of   compliance  and  enforcement
commitments, and  Overview  of  program  implementation.   The  Office  of  Enforcement
and Compliance Monitoring  conducts  cross-media analyses  of Agency  compliance and
enforcement activities and is  a  leader in  fostering  new compliance and  enforcement
approaches.  It is  also responsible  for  the Agency's  judicial  enforcement docket
and related Agency-wide enforcement  information systems.

     Regional legal  resources  are  used to  translate  national   priorities into  a
credible enforcement  presence  which  1s   both  tailored  to  particular   Regional
characteristics and  designed to maintain  statutory  compliance  in  the most cost-
effective manner.    Consultation  1s  provided to  Regional media  programs  for  the
development of effective compliance monitoring and enforcement strategies,  Including
advice on  choice  of administrative and judicial  remedies.  Emphasis is  placed  on
timely and appropriate enforcement response to significant violations  and management
of ongoing caseload  to  achieve equitable  resolution  and  swift  return of  violators
to compliance.  Cooperation  with State enforcement  agencies  in pursuit  of timely
and appropriate enforcement   remedies   and  maintenance   of  an   effective  Federal
enforcement presence are important goals of this program.

     Criminal Investigations—  This   program  provides  a  nationally  directed,
Regionally implemented  system  for  the investigation  and  swift prosecution  of
suspected criminal violations  of environmental  statutes.  A significant  objective
of this program is  to  act  as  a  deterrent  to  violation  of environmental laws.   The
program is operated  in  cooperation  with comparable State activities, and  in close
partnership with other Federal  law enforcement agencies.


                                        1-28

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TECHNICAL SUPPORT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $4,892,700  supported by 61.8  total  workyears
for this  program,   of  which  $3,281,800  will  be  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,610,900  will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  an  Increase of  $7,800 1n the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation, and  an  increase  of  .3  total  workyears  from 1988.   The  Increases
reflect greater emphasis on management of criminal  litigation.

     In 1989, NEIC  will  continue to provide case development support In nationally
managed cases having precedential Implications,  unique technological  requirements,
and resource  requirements exceeding  Regional   capabilities.  NEIC  will  continue
Implementation of rigorous technical compliance  monitoring procedures particularly
with respect to  groundwater contamination,  air toxics,  and municipal  and pretreat-
ment compliance.  The Center  will devote an Increased  proportion of  Its  resources
to Implementation of the  Resource  Conservation and  Recovery Act  (RCRA)  "hammer"
provisions, national  compliance  Investigations  of  multi-facility  waste  disposal
firms and  environmental  audit  Inspections.  Substantial  attention  will  also  be
given to design and use of automated enforcement Information systems (e.g. evidence
audit and  consent   decree  tracking).   Technical  support will  be provided  to  the
criminal Investigation  program.  NEIC  will  also  continue  to  provide  technical
leadership in  support  of  special   studies required  for  cross-media  geographic
enforcement  Initiatives.  The    Center   will    also   continue  to   expand   Its
collaboration  with   State   and   other   Federal   law   enforcement   agencies.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $4,884,900  supported by  61.5
total workyears. for this program,  of  which $3,274,000 1s  from the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $1,610,900 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988, NEIC  resources  are  supporting  the development  and prosecution  of
significant enforcement litigation in all  media.  The Center's primary responsibili-
ties include  providing  assistance  in  litigation  case  preparation by  performing
background analysis, and  evidence audit support;  field investigations;  laboratory
analysis; technical  testimony; and  negotiation of  the technical  aspects  of consent
decrees.  Cases are selected  for  NEIC  support on the basis of program and Regional
enforcement priorities.

     The Center continues to serve as a point of coordination with both Federal  and
State law enforcement and environmental protection  agencies.  It provides  technical
assistance and training to personnel in these agencies on topics which are vital  to
effective environmental  enforcement (such as evidence  handling,  laboratory  proce-
dures,  and  criminal  Investigative  techniques).   The  Center  also  continues to
experiment with  ways to   make  information  systems  function  as a  more  effective
management tool  in targetting environmental  enforcement actions.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $4,890,800 supported  by  62.1 total •
workyears for this program, of  which $3,480,900  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $1,409,900  was  from  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.
                                         1-29

-------
     In all  statutory  areas,  case preparation activities and technical  support to
enforcement  actions  against  significant   violators   were   provided.  Particular
emphasis was placed on  support  to the RCRA program, Including  auditing  contractor
performance on hazardous  waste transportation  and disposal, and  work  on  illegal
fuel blending.  The NEIC provided compliance evaluations, performance audit inspec-
tions, multi-media Inspections, and  evaluations  of major publicly  owned treatment
works suspected of noncompliance, as well  as Clean Water Act case  support.   Tech-
nical assistance was also  provided to the pesticides and toxics enforcement efforts,
with particular emphasis  on  polychlorinated  biphenyls  (PCB's)  and management  of
Confidential  Business  Information   in  Toxic  Substances Control  Act (TSCA)  case
preparation.


ENFORCEMENT POLICY AND OPERATIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  $15,407,300 supported by  312.9 total  workyears  for  this
program, of which  $15,076,700 will  be for  the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $330,600 will be for the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.  This
represents  an  increase  of  $232,300 in Salaries  and  Expenses  and   an Increase of
0.7  in  total  workyears.  The Increases reflect  additional support to   the Water
Quality Act.

     In 1989, the  enforcement consequences  of several  major  statutory deadlines
will require aggressive Agency  use  of legal  resources (eg:  RCRA surface  impound-
ment, National Municipal  Policy,  TSCA PCB  equipment disposal and ozone  nonattain-
ment).  Coupled with the urgent need for vigorous prosecution of a growing judicial
docket, these and  other emerging statutory  priorities will  demand the utmost in
efficient and imaginative  use of legal talent and authorities.

     Headquarters  resources  will   focus   on  provision of  appropriate guidance,
operating support  and  results  assessment   for  the  legal  enforcement work  being
carried out by the Regions.  Due to  the successful  completion of  ventures  under-
taken in 1987 and  1988 to streamline the enforcement process, attention  will  shift
away from  policy  development and  direct  litigation  management  toward  capacity
building (for both Regions  and  States) and broad  program oversight  to ensure  that
Agency efforts are  both focussed on appropriate targets and  on achieving  proper
results.

     Policy  work  will   continue  in  areas  of  new   statutory   interpretation
and development of better  Agency strategy,  based on lessons  learned  from  oversight.
Similarly,  Headquarters staff will participate in a limited  number  of  judicial  and
administrative cases which demand  national expertise.   In addition, continued growth
in the  contractor  listing program will  require increased Headquarters  attention,
and special efforts  will be  made to  expand  criminal   enforcement  capabilities in
States.

     The Regions will  be  responsible  for  line management of  judicial  cases  and,
on a more selective basis, administrative litigation.   Within the  context of Agency
and Congressional  enforcement priorities  for  initiating  new  actions,  Regional
resources will also press for  successful  closure  of  cases  active on  the  Agency's
growing judicial  docket, as  well as  careful oversight  and follow-through on  active
consent decrees with conditions still  unmet.  Support  will also be  given to  permit
decisions and appeals,  as well as the development of criminal investigations  and
referrals.

     The Agency's  use  of  enforcement orders with  penalties  especially  under  the
Clean Water, Safe  Drinking  Water and  Hazardous and  Solid Waste authorities,  will
promote a more effective  administrative  enforcement program.  Expansion  of admini-
strative enforcement authorities and  streamlining  procedures will  enable  Regional
                                         1-30

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resources to adequately support workload  projected  for each of the Agency's major
media.  Particular areas of emphasis will  Include:

In Water

     0 completion of National  Municipal  Policy enforcement
     0 aggressive use of administrative  penalty authority against  POTW's
       for failure to Implement pretreatment requirements
     0 aggressive administrative enforcement support for wetlands  protection
     0 enforcement of new SDWA monitoring  requirements, with particular
       emphasis on high hazard contaminants
In Air
     0 enforcement support to the Agency's post-1987 ozone strategy
     0 enforcement  of PMjo  and  S02  Continuous  Emission Monitoring  requirements
In Waste
     0 surface Impoundment deadline enforcement
     0 enforcement against permit violations
     ".enforcement followup to HSWA "hammer11 provisions
     0 enforcement of corrective action measures
in Toxics

    "° PCB disposal enforcement
     0 enforcement against premanufacture notice and existing  chemical
       compliance violations

in Pesticides

     0 more aggressive enforcement against pesticides misuse.


1988 Program

     In the  1988,  the Agency  is  allocating a  total  of  $15,175,000  supported  by
312.2 total workyears  for  this  program,  of which $14,844,400 is  from the  Salaries
and Expenses  appropriation  and  $330,600  is   from  the  Abatement,   Control   and
Compliance appropriation.

     The scope  of  the Agency's enforcement  agenda  in  1988 is sufficiently  broad
and complex that successful  support  can  only be maintained by  continuing  to  build
vigorously on management  Initiatives  begun 1n  1987.  At  Headquarters,  substantial
effort is  being  devoted  to bringing  Into  successful  operation  several  major
ventures designed to  streamline the enforcement  process.   In  .addition,  significant
efforts are being  made to test and refine innovative enforcement  techniques,  such
as alternative dispute resolution. Coupled with  implementation of projects  designed
to enhance the  line  management capacity  of the Regions, these  strategies  should
enable the  Agency  to meet  its  enforcement commitments.  Headquarters  resources
continue, as  well, to  focus on  direct  involvement  in major  national  litigation
which demands special expertise,  and in test  cases under  new  statutory  authority
(such as the  administrative  authorities  under  the  Water  Quality  Act).   Management
of the  growing  contractor listing program will continue to  demand attention,  as
will the criminal  enforcement  program (with  particular  emphasis on enhancing  State
capabilities).

     In 1988, Regional legal  resources are  devoted to supporting program enforcement
priorities in all media.  Levels of effort reflect continuing work in mature  programs
(Air, TSCA),  introduction of  new approaches  (administrative  penalty  actions  in
SDWA, CWA) and increased efforts to successfully  cope with major statutory deadlines


                                         1-31

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(National Municipal Policy, RCRA land ban).   Regional  staff have  devoted effort to
Improving the speed  (while safeguarding the  outcome)  of the  enforcement process.
Specific examples Include:

     9 development of standard  approaches for  use in certain types of administrative
       enforcement actions, to  reduce legal review time;
     0 expansion of  the  use  of paralegal  specialists and experimentation with use
       of civil  Investigators;
     0 greater  use  of new  settlement techniques,  such  as environmental  auditing
       provisions.

These approaches,  taken  In  conjunction with careful  and  comprehensive  Regional
planning of enforcement strategy, enable Regional  legal resources  to keep pace with
more, and more complicated enforcement actions.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $13,721.000  supported  by  293.6
total workyears for  this  program,  of which  $13,363,000  was from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $358,000 was from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The thrust of this program In 1987 was maintenance of vigorous enforcement and
compliance monitoring partnerships with the States to produce maximum environmental
results.  Activities at Headquarters  Included  monitoring  of the legal  policy guid-
ance and  case  management for  the  criminal  Investigation  program,  articulation
and updating  of  national  enforcement priorities  and legal  enforcement policies
for major media  programs,  and  operation of the Strategic  Planning  and Management
System for Agency enforcement.  Particular emphasis was  placed on policy and guidance
necessary to  swiftly implement the enforcement provisions  of  the Clean  Mater Act
as amended.

     Regional legal  enforcement  resources   were  devoted  to  resolution of  ongoing
judicial and  administrative  cases,  generation of civil   referrals most  likely  to
return significant violators to  compliance,  and  maintaining a  credible enforcement
presence.  Swift  implementation  of  new authorities under  the amended Safe Drinking
Mater Act and Clean Water Act provided the  basis for major enforcement initiatives.
Regional legal  support was  also provided   to  the  criminal  investigation program.


CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

     In 1989, the Agency requests  a  total  of $2,639,700 supported by 42.4 total
workyears for this  program,  all  of which  will  be for  the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase  of $309,500  and  no  change  in total
workyears  from   1988.  The  Increase  supports  additional  operating   costs  for
travel, training and special  equipment for  the criminal  Investigators.

     The objective  of this  program  will  continue to  be  forceful  deterrence  of
violation of environmental laws by providing the regulated community clear evidence
that willful  statutory violations  will  be  met  with harsh  sanctions  in  terms  of
both jail  sentences  and monetary  fines.    Close  coordination will  continue  with
each media  program,  to insure the  most effective  targetting  of  these  resources.
                                         1-32

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     Substantial effort will be  made to expand and  strengthen  the  partnership  with
State and other  Federal  law enforcement agencies.  Specific program  emphasis  will
include the following:

     *  in RCRA,  illegal disposal, storage and transportation of waste to unpermitted
        facilities; blended  fuel/waste oil;  ioss-of-interim-status  reduction  in
        on-site capacity; land disposal bans; small  quantity  generators;
     0  in  CWA/SDWA,  data  falsification  connected with greater  use  of  toxicity
        limits in NPDES permits;  unpermitted discharges;
     e  in TSCA/FIFRA, illegal disposal of  PCBs;  falsification of  data; deliberate
        failure to report data to EPA;
     0  in  CAA,   air  toxics,  asbestos demolition;  lead phase-down;  major  motor
        vehicle pollution control violations.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating  a  total  of $2,330,200  supported by  42.4
total workyears for this  program,  all  of which  is  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.

     In 1988, the criminal investigation program expands  its operation as a national
network, with particular  emphasis  on  hazardous  waste  enforcement (where there  is
likely to be  a  significant increase in criminal activity due  to the  provisions  of
the reauthorized RCRA) and  water quality enforcement (where new felony provisions
provide improved  opportunities  for deterrence).   In addition,  priority is  being
given to cases with the  greatest deterrent  impact in the areas of  air toxics,  data
falsification and  deliberate failure  to  report  to  EPA  under TSCA.    The  program
stresses close  coordination with  administrative and  civil  judicial  enforcement
initiatives to maximize the number  of significant violators brought into compliance.
This program  continues  to  work  closely  with State  criminal  enforcement  efforts
through the Hazardous Waste Coordinating Committees in  the northeast and southwest,
and the  National  Association  of Attorneys  General.   In addition,  close  working
partnerships are  maintained with  other  Federal  law  enforcement  agencies.   For
example, the  Agency  is  implementing a Memorandum of Understanding  with the  U.S.
Customs Service to eliminate possible illegal export of  hazardous wastes.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a  total   of  $2,057,600 supported by  32.4 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

     The program continued to reinforce the  growing deterrent  presence  it  achieved
in prior years, as the Court system  began  to respond with stiff sanctions.  Approxi-
mately 60 percent  of  the program's emphasis  was  on violations  of RCRA;  the water
program followed  with  about 20  percent  of  the Agency's  investigations, and then,
by toxic substances and the air program, each with 10 percent.

     Although the  number   of criminal   referrals showed only  slight growth,  the
proportion of cases  producing  significant indictments  increased as did  the  number
of pleas and  convictions.   This  trend  is  expected to continue in  1988  and  beyond.
Similarly the length of jail  sentences rose and corporations which were fined for
criminal activity  at  one facility  took  steps to get their  other facilities  into
compliance to avoid the threat of prosecution.
                                         1-33

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TOXIC SUBSTANCES

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page

TOXIC SUBSTANCES                                                            TS-1

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Toxics Substances Research	TS-8
          Sc1 entif 1 c Assessment	TS-14
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.....	TS-15
          Health Effects	TS-16
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	TS-17
          Environmental Processes and Effects	TS-19
    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Toxic Substances Financial Assistance...	TS-21
          Asbestos-in-Schools Loans and Grants	TS-23
          Asbestos-in-Schools Program Administration	TS-24
          Asbestos-in-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification	  TS-25
       Toxic Substances Strategies	TS-26
          Chemical Testing	TS-29
          Exi st 1 ng Chemi cal  Rev1 ew	TS-30
          New Chemical Review	TS-32
          OPTS - Title III	;	TS-34
    ENFORCEMENT
       Toxic Substances Enforcement	TS-36
          Toxic Substances Enforcement	TS-39
          Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants	TS-41
       OPTS Enforcement  - Title III	  TS-42
                                      TS-1

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APPROPRIATION
                                             TOXIC  SUBSTANCES
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN  THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
 Research ft Development

TOTAL, Toxic Substances
 $40,254.2  $42,435.2   $44,021.8   $44,021.8   $45,433.0   $1,411.2
 $75,186.3  $25,702.7   $70,760.0   $70,760.0   $34,556.8 -$36,203.2

 $20,080.2  $17,958.3   $15,662.3   $15,443.9   $15,017.8    -$426.1

$135,520.7  $86,096.2  $130,444.1  $130,225.7   $95,007.6 -$35,218.1
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
     809.3      777.2      820.3      845.6      821.6      -24.0
     816.6      839.6      873.6      873.6      873.6
$127,369.5 $119,591.9 $151,367.1 $151,113.7 $131,748.8 -$19,364.9
Authorization for the Toxic Substances Control  Act expired September 30,
1983.  Reauthorlzatlon Is pending.

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                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The Toxic Substances Control  Act  (TSCA), enacted in 1976,  provides  authority
and responsibility to  protect  human health and  the  environment from  unreasonable
risks arising from  the manufacture, processing,  distribution,  use or disposal  of
chemicals.  TSCA provides many  effective options  for safeguarding health  and  the
environment including banning chemicals,  controlling production, and placing  con-
ditions on use  and  disposal.  TSCA covers approximately 66,000 chemicals now  1n
commerce and  any .new  chemicals  introduced   by  industry.   TSCA  influences  the
evolution of  chemical  technology  by  encouraging innovation and  introduction  of
safer substitutes.  TSCA  also generates  data essential  for risk-based  decisions
across the Agency.  Highlights of  the  1989 program are:  (1)  implementation of the
biotechnology program, (2) an effective  new chemical review  program,  (3)  improve-
ments in our  PCB  disposal program, (4) public availability  of the  first  Superfuhd
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)  Section   313  emissions  reports,
(5) strong enforcement, and  (6)  research  and development.

Biotechnology

     The TSCA  biotechnology  program  will  proceed from  the rulemaking  stage  to
implementation.  The first biotechnology notices  were  received in  1987;  however,
we expect  this  program to develop rapidly.  The potential  for environmental  and
human risks associated  with  these  products  is high.  Thus,  our reviews will  re-
quire significant efforts including data development under  Section 5(e) in  order
to balance  any  potential  risks  of these  substances  against   their  benefits  to
soci ety.      v-

PCB Disposal

     Over the next two years, a  significant amount of PCBs currently in use will  be
discontinued, creating a  potential  disposal  problem.   The  Agency  will  use  TSCA
authorities to address PCB disposal activities during this critical  time frame.  We
are making changes to  both our  abatement and control, and enforcement  programs to
incorporate Resource  Conservation  and Recovery  Act  (RCRA)  requirements.   We  are
putting in place  rules to better  track-  the disposal  of  PCB wastes and to obtain
information on  companies  that  handle  and store PCB  wastes  prior to  disposal.

SARA Title III
     The emissions  inventory data  collected  in  1388 (covering  1987  emissions)
will be available to the public and the second cycle  of reporting  will take place.
At least 300,000  reports  are expected in 1989.  The  volume  of  reports is signifi-
cantly higher than anticipated, at least at the  onset, of  the program.   Our highest
priority will be to process these reports Into the public  data base.  To the extent
possible we  will  take  steps to ensure that the  data  is of  good quality.   We will
also work  toward  helping  States  develop  the capacity to  be  the first  response
level to public inquiries.

 Toxic Substances Enforcement

     The major objective of the Agency's toxic substances  enforcement program is to
maintain an  efficient  and  effective  national compliance  monitoring  program  with
appropriate  coverage of all  enforceable  TSCA  regulations.   The  enforcement program
depends increasingly upon the assistance of State agencies which conduct compliance
monitoring inspections under the terms of  cooperative enforcement  agreements.  The
cooperative enforcement agreement program  will  grow to an anticipated  level  of 21
participating States by  1989.  State  programs  emphasize  compliance monitoring of
existing chemical  control  rules, particularly  asbestos and  PCBs.   Since the States


                                          TS-3

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cannot initiate  TSCA enforcement  actions,  the  Agency  is  responsible  for  case
development  and   prosecution   for  all  detected  violations,  whether  originating
from State- or EPA-conducted inspections.

     Of growing concern to  both  EPA  and the public is assuring the  proper  storage
and disposal of  PCBs.   The enforcement  program is placing a  growing emphasis  on
conducting a  comprehensive  compliance  program  in this  area,  as  well  as  more
frequent and comprehensive  inspections  at  disposal  sites, and  will be  targeting
inspections at brokers,  storers and transporters of such  materials.

    The toxic  substances  enforcement program  supports  the enforcement  provisions
of SARA Title  III.   Prior to  the time that these provisions became  fully enforce-
able, the  Agency  provided compliance assistance to the  regulated   community,  the
States, and local  authorities.   With  all  sections of  Title III now  fully enforce-
able,  EPA  has  begun  an inspection  program to  ensure  that  manufacturers  comply
with Section  313  requirements  to  submit  annual toxic  chemical   release  forms.

Research and Development

     The Office  of Research and  Development  (ORD) will   continue to support  the
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)  by performing research  in  the  areas  of  test method
development and  validation;   biomarkers,   dosimetry  and  extrapolation;  exposure
monitoring;  environmental  engineering and technology;  special  human data  needs;
structure activity relationships (SARS); ecology  (both fate and transport and  risk
assessment); and biotechnology.   In addition, ORD will  continue  to provide technical
support to  OTS  in exposure assessment,  monitoring procedures  and risk  assessment
methodologies for oncogenicity,  mutagenicity and reproductive toxidty.
                                         TS-4

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                              TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                           Actual
                          "1987
                                     Budget
                                    Estimate
                                      1988
                                         5
                                         6
                                         6
Title III

Toxic Release Inventory
Forms Received	
Current
Estimate
  1988'
PROGRAM-ACTIVITIES

Ex1sting•Chemical Review

Incoming Data Documents
 (§4,§8(e), FYI's Received..  469      475        500
Incoming Section 8(a)/(d)
 Reports Received	.......2,589    1,625      1,625
Section 8 Rules and Section
  5{a) SNURs Proposed/Final.   16       13         12
Preliminary Risk Assessments   18       15         15
Detailed Risk Assessments...    32          2
PCB Disposal Permits
 Reviewed 	   20       20         20
Section 6 Rules: Proposed...    30          4
Section 6 Rules: Final......    14          4
Section 9 Referrals 	    0        1          1
Chemical  Advisories 	    1        1          1

New Chemical "Review

New Chemical
 Submissions...		2,291    2,600      2,600
New Chemical Control
 Actions Taken 	  200      170        230
Biotechnology  Notices
 Received 	    7       -       15-20
Biotechnology  Control
 Actions Taken	    1       -           2
New Chemicals Subject to
 proposed or Final SNURS....    1       37         35
Receipt of Test Data	   17   -   -          13

Chemical  Testing
Initial ITC Testing
Actions	    2
Post-Initial ITC Testing
Actions	    2
Promulgated ITC Actions....   14
Non-ITC Testing Actions....    4
Test Guldennes/GLPs
Published	    6
     3
    12
     5
Request
•  1989
                                                              500

                                                            1,875

                                                                9
                                                               10
                                                                2

                                                               20
                                                                1
                                                                3
                                                                1
                                                                1
                                                            3,000

                                                              260

                                                            35-50

                                                                5

                                                               90
                                                               25
     4
     8
     5
 Increase (+)
 Decrease (-)
1989 vs. 1988
                           +250

                             -3
                             -5
                             -3
                             -1
                           +400

                            +30

                         +20-30

                             +3

                            +55
                            +12
      +1
      -4
                                    50,000
160-300K
   300K+
                                         TS-5

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                            Actual
                             1987-
 Enforcement Actions
'Laboratory  Inspections	     13
 Test  Study  Audits		     21
 Inspections,  Sec.  5	    367
 Inspections,  Sec.  6
 PCB Inspections*	  2,615
 Asbestos  Inspections**	  2,771
 Inspections,  Sec.  8	    447
 Inspections,  Sec.  13	    864
 Notices of  Violation.......  2,276
 Administrative Orders	  1,051
 Civil  Litigation	      6
 Criminal  Litigation	      0
 Budget
Estimate
 -1988
     70
    190
    455

  2,220
  2,738
    415
    700
  1,705
    900
      6
      2
Current
Estimate
  1988 -
      45
      95
     245

   2,400
   2,738
     300
     700
   2,200
   1,000
       6
       2
Request
  1989••
     55
    190
    245

  2,150
  2,738
    300
    700
  2,200
  1,000
      6
      2
 Increase (+)
 Decrease(-)
1989 vs. 1988
      +10
      +95
     -250
 *   Includes  Federal  and  State  inspections
 ** Includes  Federal,  State  and contractor  inspections
                                         TS-6

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Toxics Substances Research	TS-8
          Scientlf 1 c Assessment	TS-14
          Monitoring Systems and Duality Assurance..	TS-15
          Health Effects.	TS-16
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	TS-17
          Environmental Processes and Effects	TS-19
                                        TS-7

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V
00
                                                               TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                                           Toxic  Substances Research

                                                    ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                                     1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                                               1988                   1988               1989 VS  1988
                   PROGRAM

                   Scientific Assessment -
                   Toxic Substances
                    Salaries & Expenses
                    Research & Development
                                                             (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)
                                           TOTAL
                   Monitoring Systems 4
                   Quality Assurance -
                   Toxic Substances
                    Salaries & Expenses
                    Research & Development
                                           TOTAL
                   Health Effects - Toxic
                   Substances
                    Salaries 4 Expenses
                    Research 4 Development
                                           TOTAL
$218.5
$196.4
$414.9
$1,387.0
$3,883.3
$5,270.3
$3,549.4
$7,930.9
$11,480.3
$225.0
$208.0
$433.0
$1,564.9
$3,993.0
$5,557.9
$3,658.1
$7,226.9
$10,885.0
$214.6
$208.0
$422.6
$1.496.8
$3,468.0
$4,964.8
$3,527.6
$5,608.9
$9,136.5
$214.6
$208.0
$422.6
$1,496.8
$3,422.6
$4,919.4
$3,527.6
$5,520.1
$9.047.7
$219.3
$208.0
$427.3
$1,529.6
$3,423.6
$4,953.2
$3,604.9
$5,510.3
$9,115.2
                   Environmental
                   Engineering &
                   Technology - Toxic
                   Substances
                    Salaries & Expenses
                    Research & Development
                                           TOTAL
                   Environmental Processes
                   & Effects - Toxic
                   Substances
                    Salaries & Expenses
                    Research & Development
 $4.7

 $4.7
$32.8
 $1.0
$33.8
$77.3
-$9.8
$67.5
                                           TOTAL
$637.7
$2,524.0
$3,161.7
$5,150.9
$5.545.6
$10.696.5
$666.8
$2.036.6
$2,703.4
$5,712.4
$4,493.8
$10.206.2
$608.9
$1,740.6
$2,349.5
$5.495.1
$4,636.8
$10,131.9
$608.9
$1,715.0
$2,323.9
$5,495.1
$4,578.2
$10,073.3
$622.2
$1,715.0
$2,337.2
$5,615.4
$4,160.9
$9,776.3
$13.3

$13.3
$120.3
-$417.3
-$297.0

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    Research
and Development

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                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES

                             Toxic Substances Research

                           Principal Outputs by Objective

Objective 1:   Develop and Validate Test Methods In Support of TSCA Studies
1989;  o   Report on  the development  of test  methods with  benthlc  organisms  to
          define the  bioavailability of  sediment-bound toxicants   (Environmental
          Processes)
1988:  o   Evaluation  of  the  sensitivity of  a  screening  procedure with  specific
          reproductive toxins  (Health)
1987;  o   Report on application of  analytical  methods for detecting  organic  com-
          pounds in biological tissues  (Monitoring)

Objective 2;   Perform Research on Biological  Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation
1989;  o   Evaluation  of  potential  use  for biological  markers in  human  exposure
          monitoring studies  (Monitoring)
1988;  o  Structure activity  correlation  of the reproductive  effects of diazo dyes
          administered in utero  (Health)
1987;  o  Comparison of tumorigenicity of 5 mineral fibers by means of intrapleural
          innoculation  {Health)

Objective 3;  Provide Information on Special Human Data Needs
1989;  o  Report on the  effects of asbestos exposure  on  school teachers  (Health)
1987:  o   Report on the  feasibility  of using  monitoring  or screening  methods  to
          assess exposure/effect relative to two organ systems  (Health)

Objective 4:   Perform Ecological Research Including Transport.  Fate and Field Val-
idation
1989;  o  Report on comparison  of laboratory  microcosms and natural pond responses
          to Dursban  (Environmental Processes)
1987:  o  Report on the detection  of genetically engineered microorganisms in  com-
          plex environments by  RNA fingerprinting and  sequencing  (Env. .Processes)

Objective 5:   Perform Engineering Research in Support of TSCA
1989:  o   Report on advanced development  of  methodologies for estimating protec-
          tive clothing  performance  for the   PMN  review  process   (Engineering)
1988;  o   Study  of workplace exposure  in the  polymer  processing  industry  (Engi-
          neering)
1987;  o  Report  on methodologies for estimating protective  clothing  performance.
          (Engineering)

                                          TS-11

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Objective 6:   Perform Exposure Monitoring Research

1989:  o   Interim  report on  pollutant  sources and human  exposure  to toxic pollu-
          tants using  Total  Exposure  Assessment Methodology  (TEAM)   (Monitoring)
1988:  o   Interim  report on  pollutant sources and  human activity  patterns asso-
          ciated with  exposure  to toxic  pollutants  using TEAM  data  (Monitoring)

1987;  o  Report on development and validation procedures for total exposure multi-
          media models  (Monitoring)


Objective 7:   Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data

1989:  o   Report on  SAR methods for predicting metabolism from  chemical structure
          (Environmental Processes)

1988;  o  Comparison of the CHO and mouse lymphoma assay for analyzing structurally
          similar compounds  (Health)

1987:  o   Journal  article  on the  genotoxicity of acrylates  in  cultured mammalian
          cells  (Health)


Objective 8;   Perform  Research  on  Biotechnology  and  Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents"

1989;  o   Journal  article  on  fate and  survival  of  altered microbes  and genetic
          material  in the terrestrial environment  (Environmental Processes)
       o  Evaluation  of sampling  procedures  for  released  microbes  (Monitoring)

1988:  o  Guidelines for monitoring releases of microbes  (Monitoring)

1987;  o   Report   on   studies  of  DNA  recombination  to assess  the  potential  for
          genetic exchange  (Health)


Objective 9:   Perform  Studies  on  Ecotoxicity  and  Develop  Environmental  Risk
Assessment Protocols

1989:  o  Update of  stratified  lake  transport model  for risk assessment  (Environ-
          mental Processes)

1988:  o  Report documenting the coupled plant-soil  model and software for predict-
          ing the  fate of  xenobiotic  chemicals  in  terrestrial  plants  (Environ-
          mental Processes)

1987:  o  Draft environmental  risk assessment  guidelines  (Scientific Assessment)

Objective 10;  Provide Support Services for TSCA Studies

1989;  o   Guidelines   for  use of  human  exposure  model  in  regulatory  review and
          report on production of reference materials for quality control
          (Monitoring)

1988;  o  Annual report on production of quality control materials and asbestos for
          routine monitoring procedures   (Monitoring)

1987;  o  Annual report on asbestos audit program  (Monitoring)


                                          TS-12

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                                   TOXIC  SUBSTANCES


                              Toxic Substances  Research


 Budget Request

      The  Agency requests a total  of $26,609,200 supported by 188.3 total workyears
 for  1989, a decrease of  $177,700  and no change In  total  workyears from 1988.   Of
 the  request,  $11,591,400 will  be  for the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation  and
 $15,017,800 will  be for the Research and Development appropriation, an increase  of
 $248,400  and  a decrease  of $426,100,  respectively.

 Program Description

      The  Toxic Substances research program  supports the Office of Toxic  Substances
 (OTS)  by  providing  the  scientific  tools  and supporting  information  to  implement  the
 Toxic  Substances  Control  Act  (TSCA).

      Objective 1.    Develop  and   Validate   Test  Methods  for  TSCA Studies.  This
 research  develops  and validates  health  and environmental testing  protocols to  be
 incorporated  into  TSCA Section 4  guidelines,  risk  assessment methods, and  analyt-
 ical  methods  for  identifying  and quantifying environmental pollutants.

      Objective 2.    Perform  Health  Research   on Biological Markers,  Dosimetry  and
 Extrapolation.This effort develops  methodsfor  extrapolatingfrom  high  to  low
.doses  between  mammalian  species  to  enhance   risk  assessment  predictability  and
 capability.   Research  also  focuses  on  developing  biomonitoring  techniques  and
 applying  biochemical  indicators of exposure and effects to the  study of populations
 exposed to toxicants.

      Objective 3.    Provide Information  on  Special  Human Data Needs.   This activity
 focuses on investigations of  human populations exposed  to environmental pollutants.
 This  research will  help determine whether biological  indicators  of  dose and/or
 effects are related to  environmental  levels of exposure and if they are  correlated
 with  adverse  effects measured  by  traditional   methods.  This  research provides  an
 important component to  the Agency's  overall ability to accurately estimate  risks
 from  exposure to  chemicals  and  make regulatory decisions under  TSCA.

      Objective 4.    Perform  Ecological   Research   Including  Transport,  Fate,  and
 Field  Validation.   This  research  focuses on developing and conducting  exposure  and
 hazard assessments  of chemicals in water,  air, and multimedia environments.  This
 work  is conducted  in  response  to  the TSCA requirement that the  Agency take into
 account ecological  risks  when  making regulatory decisions.   Work focuses  on  in-
 clusion of identified transport and transformation  processes, pathways  of exposure,
 population characteristics, environmental features and hazard assessment techniques.

      Objective 5.    Perform Engineering  Research in  Support of  TSCA.  This research
 focuses on the development  of models  to  predict the release of and exposure to  new
 and existing   chemicals.   The  program  addresses those classes  of  chemicals  for
 which  the Agency  does not have  adequate  information  on  the degree to which existing
 control systems limit their  release, resulting in  more  effective Pre-Manufacture
 Notification  (PMN)  decisions..

      Objective 6.    Perform  Exposure Monitoring Research.  This research develops
 methods and evaluates data  bases and  statistical tools  to improve exposure monitor-
 ing.   Multimedia  monitoring methods and  data  analysis  techniques are  designed  and
 tested to characterize  human  exposure to chemicals  of concerns.

      Objective 7.    Develop  Structure Activity Relationships  Data.  These  efforts
 develop predictive  methods (structure  activity relationships) to provide  a tool


                                          TS-13

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for determining  whether new  chemicals pose  unreasonable  risk or  require further
testing.  Structure  activity relationships  data are  important  for  reviewing and
screening PMN  chemicals under  Section  5 of  TSCA.    The  findings  and  techniques
established by this research  will  be used to select appropriate toxicity tests, to
document test results,  to  develop fate and effects  data  bases,  and to provide the
modeling means to predict toxicity.

     Objective 8.   Perform Research on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agent's^  Research  in  this area develops  methods  to  assess  the poten-
tial health and  environmental  hazards  of biotechnology products.   Methods are also
being developed  to  monitor, contain  and destroy genetically  engineered  organisms
from releases and manufacturing processes.

     Objective 9.   Perform  Studies  on Ecotoxicity and Develop Environmental Risk
Assessment Protocols.  This  effort  focuses  on  development  of  methodologies and
models to determine risks  posed to ecosystems by exposure  to  environmental pollu-
tants.  The program is currently developing environmental  risk assessment protocols
for both aquatic and terrestrial systems which will be  used in evaluating risks from
both new and existing chemicals.

     Objective 10.  Provide  Support Services for TSCA Studies.  This research pro-
vide s~Tul)pl>rT~fi)r~TTinriind~~^                                      dissemination
of reference standards  and  quality assurance reagents as well  as expert consulta-
tion on problems  associated  with the evaluation  of  PMN chemicals  and  other  toxic
substances.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $427,300 supported by  4.0 total  workyears for
this program, of  which $219,300  will  be  for  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $208,000 will be  for  the Research and  Development appropriation.   This repre-
sents an  increase of  $4,700 in  the Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation  and  no
change in  the  Research  and  Development appropriation  or  total   workyears.   The
increase in the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation  reflects a general enhancement
of inhouse support for this program.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies.  This program will develop
risk and exposure assessment methods in support  of TSCA.   Research  efforts will  be
targeted on data inadequacies identified in the course of scientific assessments of
chemicals during regulatory analyses.  This research will  provide validated methods
and protocols for industry  to use  In  performing tests required under TSCA Section 4.


     Perform  Studies on  Ecotoxicity  and Develop  Environmental   Risk  Assessment
Protocols.Scientific support will be provided for the development of environmental
risk assessment protocols for both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

     Provide  Support  Services for TSCA Activities.   Scientific Assessment support
will be provided  for preparation,  consultation and review of OTS  generated assess-
ments of  cancer,  mutagenicity,  adverse reproductive/developmental  effects,  and
exposure.  These  activities  will  support  decision  making  under TSCA  (existing
chemicals program, PMN review, and test guidelines development).


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $422,600  supported by 4.0 total
workyears. for this  program, of  which  $214,600  is from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and  $208,000 is  from the  Research and Development  appropriation.


                                         TS-14

-------
The 1988 program is providing support  for  preparation and  review of risk and expo-
sure assessments, development of  assessment methods as well as  efforts to develop
protocols for environmental  risk  assessments.  Particular emphasis  is  being  given
to the development of risk assessment procedures for non-cancer endpoints.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a  total  of $414,900  supported by  4.0  total
workyears for this program,  of which  $218,500 was from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and $196,400  was  from the  Research and  Development appropriation.
In 1987, issue  papers  were developed  on  aspects  of  the  dioxin data base  and two
petitions requesting deletion  from the  list of chemicals  subject  to  Section 313
of SARA Title III were reviewed.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $4,953,200  supported by  25.2 total  workyears
for this program, of which $1,529,600  will  be for  the Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation and  $3,423,600  will  be  for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents  increases  of $32,800  in the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation
and $1,000 in  the Research  and Development appropriation  and no  change in total
workyears.  The  increase  in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation  reflects a
general enhancement of inhouse support for the monitoring program.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies.  Research will develop and
evaluate biological  and chemical  techniques  to identify and quantify pollutants in
both humans and the environment.  This  information provides the exposure component
for conducting  risk  assessments.    Research  will  be  conducted to develop methods,
including screening  procedures,  for  identifying   chemical  compounds.   Increased
emphasis will be placed on developing  improved sampling and analysis procedures to
measure asbestos in indoor air during and after abatement actions.

     Perform  Health  Research  on Biological Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
Research will evaluate  the  use  of  biomarkers as  indicators  of  human  exposure to
complex organic  compounds  and  as a means of  integrating exposures  from multiple
routes.  The use of  biomarkers  will provide a quick,  accurate, and cost-effective
means to detect the presence of  toxicants  in  body tissue which  cannot currently
be done using convential monitoring methods.

     Perform Exposure Monitoring Research.   Research in this area will develop mon-
itoring systems  and  models  to  estimate  human exposure to  pollutants  via multiple
pathways.  Statistical  tools and  data  analysis techniques will  be used to produce
predictive techniques and categorize human activity patterns.   This research will
improve exposure assessment capabilities for regulatory efforts.

     Perform  Research  on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agent's"!  Monitoring  procedures  for genetically  engineered microorganisms  (GEMs)
will be standardized to produce guidelines  for monitoring routine releases of GEMs
into the environment.   Methods  to  sample  GEMs released into  the  environment will
also be evaluated.

     Provide Support Services for TSCA Activities.   Monitoring  and  quality  assur-
ance support willcontinue  for the production of  reference  standards  and quality
assurance reagents.   Quality assurance guidelines  will  be produced  for human expo-
sure models.


                                          TS-15

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $4,919,400 supported by 25.2 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $1,496,800  is  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  $3,422,600 is from  the Research  and  Development appropriation.
The 1988 program is  continuing support for exposure monitoring, developing analyt-
ical methods and providing quality assurance support and standard reference materi-
als.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $5,270,300  supported by 24.5 total
workyears for this program,  of  which  $1,387,000  was  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $3,883,300 was from the  Research  and  Development appropriation.
In 1987, a site characterization data base was developed for geographic information
systems research.  Biological  monitoring  methods  and biomarkers were evaluated for
their possible  use in human  monitoring  studies.  Quality  assurance materials for
asbestos and organic chemicals were produced.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $9,115,200  supported  by  60.6  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $3,604,900  will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $5,510,300  will  be for  the Research  and  Development appropriation.
This represents an increase  of $77,300 in the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation,
no change in total  workyears, and a decrease of $9,800 in the Research and Develop-
ment appropriation.  The  increase  in the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation and
the decrease  in the Research  and  Development appropriation reflect a  shift from
extramural research to research conducted inhouse.

     Develop  and   Validate  Test  Methods for TSCA Studies.  Health research will
focus on developing methodologies and bioassays to detect, characterize and predict
non-cancer endpoints, with particular emphasis on neurotoxicity.and immunotoxicity.
These methodologies are used to evaluate industry submitted data  on environmental
or health effects of  new chemicals to ensure that  the data is accurate, reproducible
and consistent.  The Agency will  develop  alternative  test methods that will decrease
or obviate the need to use whole animals.

     Perform  Health  Research on Biological  Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation.
This research will provide Improved  methods for  extrapolation  from animal  data to
estimations of  human  adverse  health  effects  such as neurobehavioral, pulmonary,
hepatic and reproductive  dysfunction as  well as genetic  effects.  This  research
provides an important component  to the risk assessment process.  Increased efforts
will be  placed  on  target organ  dosimetry  to determine  if the  equivalent doses
reaching the target site produce equivalent effects.

     Provide  Information  On  Special Human Data Needs.   Research will  investigate
population groups exposed  to environmental contaminants which are suspect toxicants
for particular organ systems to  determine if biological  indicators of  dose and/or
effects are related to environmental levels of exposure.  This data  is used to verify
results using extrapolation  methods and  other traditional  methods used to estimate
exposure.  Results will  be  compared  to  effects  measured  by  traditional  methods.

     Develop Structure Activity Relationships Data.  This  research  will  focus  on
developing methods based  on  molecular structure  to  predict genetic, carcinogenic,
and other toxic activities using pattern recognition, statistical and thermodynamic
techniques.  Research results provide a rapid method  for predicting effects  of new
chemicals based on known data for chemicals of similar structure.


                                          TS-16

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     Perform  Research  on Biotechnology and Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents.  Potential dispersal capability of  bioengineered  organisms will  be studied
using a variety of test systems.   Potential  health  hazards of genetically engineered
organisms will be  studied by  comparing the  effect  of these organisms and naturally
occurring strains  in mammalian  digestive  systems.  This  research  supports the PMN
review process for biotechnology products.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $9,047,700  supported  by 60.6
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $3,527,600  is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and  $5,520,100  is  from the  Research  and  Development appro-
priation.  The 1988  program is  developing test methods in  support of TSCA Section
4 test guidelines,  conducting research on  extrapolation, biological  markers, and
structure activity  relationships,  and assessing   potential  health  effects  from
genetically engineered organisms.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a total  of $11,480,300  supported  by 64.6 total
workyears for this program, of which $3,549,400  was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $7,930,900  was from the  Research and Development appropriation.
In 1987, neurochemical, behavioral  and physiological  methods  for  detecting neuro-
toxicity were provided  as  were  methods for predicting developmental  and reproduc-
tive toxicity and germ cell  mutation.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total of $2,337,200  supported by  11.0 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $622,200 will  be  for the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $1,715,000 will be for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an increase  of  $13,300 in the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation
and no change  in the  Research  and  Development  appropriation or  total  workyears.
The increase  in  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation  reflects a  general  en-
hancement of inhouse support for the engineering program.

     Perform  Engineering  Research  in Support of TSCA.  Engineering techniques to
assess the  potentialfor toxic  releases  and exposures  from processing  and manu-
facturing new  chemicals will  be  developed.   To support  the TSCA premanufacturing
review process,  research  will assess  unit operations such as  sampling  and  size
reduction for  determining the  treatability of toxic  substances  in waste streams.
Permeation of liquid chemicals through polymer gloves  will  be evaluated.  Asbestos
release and control  technology   research  will  be  conducted  to  update  our current
state of knowledge in order  to improve  our guidance  to contractors that are removing
asbestos from schools.

     Perform  Research.on Biotechnology and  Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents"!Research will  be conducted on the  industrial-process release model and on
evaluation of  worker  personal-protective  equipment.   This work supports  the TSCA
requirement to evaluate biotechnology  products  for workplace exposure during manu-
facturing and processing.   Work  on  air-emissions  contaminants  will  be  completed.
This work will  contribute  to the  current data  base on the  release of genetically
engineered organisms in support of the TSCA PMN review process.
                                          TS-17

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $2,323,900  supported  by  11.0
total workyears  for  this  program,  of which  $608,900  is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $1,715,000  is  from the  Research and  Development appro-
priation.  The  1988   program is  developing  information on  release  and  control
measures for  new  and  existing  chemicals,   particularly  genetically  engineered
organisms.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a  total  of  $3,161,700 supported by  11.1 total
workyears for this program,  of  which  $637,700  was from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation and  $2,524,000  was  from the Research  and  Development appropriation.
In 1987,  pilot  scale evaluations  were completed  which  determined  the fate of  18
water soluble azo dyes in the activated sludge process.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $9,776,300  supported by 87.5  total  workyears
for this program,  of which  $5,615,400  will  be for the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and  $4,160,900  will be  for  the  Research and  Development appropriation.
This represents an increase  of  $120,300 and a decrease  of  $417,300, respectively,
and no  change  in total  workyears.  The increase in the  Salaries and  Expenses ap-
propriation reflects a  general  enhancement  of  inhouse  support for this program.
The decrease in the  Research  and  Development appropriation  reflects a  reduction in
funding for  the  purchase  of equipment  using  Research  and  Development funds  as
authorized by Congress  in the  Agency's  1988 Appropriation  Bill  and  the expected
completion of several  test method  protocols in  1988.   These  funds have been  re-
directed to other  high priority  research activities in 1989.

     Develop and Validate Test Methods for TSCA Studies.  This  research   will  con-
tinue to develop  and evaluate test methods  for  defining toxicity  of  chemicals  to
aquatic (freshwater and  marine),  avian, and  terrestrial  species.   Methods  will  be
developed, validated,  and  evaluated  for environmental  toxicity  testing.   This
research improves the Agency's  ability to  relate single species and microcosm data
to actual ecosystem effects and  to relate  observed effects  on  one species to prob-
able effects on other species.

     Perform  Ecological  Research  Including Transport, Fate and Field Validation.
This research effort  will  provide support for  the TSCA PMN process and  Section 4
test rule development through studies of toxicity, and fate and transport of chemi-
cals in aquatic, terrestrial  and  air environments.  Methods will be  developed for
determining exposure, including comparative  evaluation of models,  preparing refer-
ences on  process  descriptions  and referring  rate  constants  for  use in  models.

     Develop  Structure  Activity  Relationships Data.  This research  will  develop
and evaluate structure activity relationships as  predictors of  chemicals fate and
biological effects.   Results of  this research  will  provide  a  quick method  for
predicting effects  of new   chemicals  submitted  under  TSCA  Section  5  by  using
existing data for chemicals of similar structure.

     Perform  Research  on_Biotechnology and Microbial  and Biochemical  Pest Control
Agents"!  This research   will  develop  methods,  analytical  techniques  and  testing
protocols for estimating survival, fate and effects of genetically altered microbes
and the  stability  within  their genetic  pool.   Research  will  also determine  the
probable hazards associated  with  modified  microbes used  in  testing  or  proposed for
industrial application.  This information will aid  OTS in reviewing PMN applications


                                         TS-18

-------
for products of biotechnology.   Adequate methodologies for evaluating such organisms
do not currently exist.

     Perform  Studies  on  Ecotoxicity  and  Develop  Environmental Risk Assessment
Protocols.This  researchwillfocusonthedevelopmentof environmentalrisk
assessment methodologies  for toxics  by  mathematically  integrating exposure  and
hazardous assessment data to  determine  the probability of risk to important popu-
lations.  Aquatic  and  terrestrial  exposure  assessment  data  for  risk  and  hazard
assessment models  will  be  field tested  to  verify  their  accuracy  in  determining
ecosystem stability  and  recovery potential.   Availability  of environmental  risk
methods will substantially improve the Agency's ability to regulate chemicals under
Sections 4 and 5 of TSCA.

     Provide  Support  Services for TSCA Activities.  Environmental process efforts
will support OTS  on  complex  problems  associated  with the evaluations of PMN chemi-
cals, including products of biotechnology.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency is  allocating  a total  of $10,073,300 supported  by 87.5
total workyears  for  this program,  of which  $5,495,100 is  from  the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $4,578,200 is  from the  Research  and  Development appro-
priation.  This  program  is  developing test  methods in  support of  TSCA Section 4
guidelines, conducting research  on  transport, fate  and field  validation,  and  de-
veloping structure-activity relationships  data.   Work  is  also being  performed on
the development  of  environmental risk assessment methods,  as well  as  research to
determine the environmental  effects of genetically engineered organisms.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated  a total of $10,696,500  supported by 88.0 total
workyears for this program, of which  $5,150,900  was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $5,545,600  was from the Research  and Development appropriation.
In 1987,  forty  research  reports  supporting TSCA  activities  and  decisions  were
released on  topics  including methods  and hazard assessment, transport,  fate  and
exposure assessment, structure  activity  relationships,  system level  effects,  com-
parative toxicology, biotechnology and ecological risk assessments.
                                         TS-19

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES

    ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       Toxic Substances Financial  Assistance	  TS-21
          Asbestos-1n-Schools Loans and Grants....t	  TS-23
          Asbestos-1n-Schools Program Administration	-TS-24
          Asbestos-1n-Schools Contractor and Inspector Certification	  TS-25
       Toxic Substances Strategies	  TS-26
          Chemical Testing	  TS-29
          Existing Chemical  Review	  TS-30
          New Chemi cal  Revl ew	TS-32
          OPTS - Title III	  TS-34
                                         TS-20

-------
                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                       Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance

                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                        1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                   1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

      PROGRAM
      Asbestos-In-Schools -
      Loans And Grants
       Abatement Control and         $41,896.2             $37,600.0  $37,600.0            -$37,600.0
       Compliance
                              TOTAL  $41,896.2             $37,600.0  $37,600.0            -$37,600.0

      Asbestos-In-Schools -
      Program Administration
       Salaries & Expenses              $495.8      $543.5     $538.9      $538.9      $559.2     $20.3
       Abatement Control and          $7,931.4   $2,020.0   $3,623.2   $3,623.2   $2,020.0 -$1,603.2
 .      Compliance
y>                             TOTAL   $8,427.2   $2,563.5   $4,162.1   $4,162.1   $2,579.2 -$1,582.9
ro
^     Asbestos-In-Schools -
      Contractor And
      Certification Program
       Abatement Control and            $595.4      $800.0     $800.0      $800.0      $800.0
       Compliance
                              TOTAL     $595.4      $800.0     $800.0      $800.0      $800.0


      TOTAL:
       Salaries & Expenses              $495.8      $543.5     $538.9      $538.9      $559.2     $20.3
       Abatement Control and         $50,423.0   $2,820.0  $42,023.2  $42.023.2   $2,820.0-$39,203.2
       Compliance

      Toxic  Substances  -      TOTAL  $50,918.8   $3,363.5  $42,562.1  $42,562.1    $3,379.2-$39,182.9
      Financial Assistance

-------
            TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxic Substances - Financial Assistance



CO
ro
ro

PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-Schools -
Program Administration
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Asbestos-In-Schools -
Program Administration
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
10.2 11.0
10.2 11.0
10.6 11.0
10.6 11.0
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988

10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
REQUEST
1989

11.0
n.n
11.0
11.0
INCREASE
DECREASE •
1989 VS 198

.1
.1
.1
.1

-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                       Toxic Substances Financial Assistance
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total of  $3,379,200  supported by  11.0  total  workyears
in 1989, a  decrease of  $39,182,900 and  an  increase of  0.1 total  workyears from
1988.  Of  the total requested,  $559,200  will  be  for the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and  $2,820,000  will  be for the  Abatement,  Control   and  Compliance
appropriation.  This is  an increase  of  $20,300   in Salaries  and  Expenses  and a
decrease of  $39,203,200  in the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation.

Program'Description

     The major programs under this subactivity include:

     Asbestos-in-Schools'Loans and'Grants  —  This   program   provides  financial
assistance to public and private schools with demonstrated financial  need and severe
asbestos hazards for purposes of undertaking asbestos abatement projects.   Funding
for this  program  is authorized  under  the  Asbestos School  Hazard Abatement  Act
(ASHAA) of 1984.   The  program will  also  provide  grants to the  States to  assist in
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) responsibilities.

     Asbestos-in-Schools Program'Administration —  This  program  administers  the
financial assistance provided through  grant or  loan awards  as authorized  under
ASHAA.  In addition, this program also provides technical  assistance to individuals
and organizations  interested  in addressing  asbestos  hazards under  AHERA.   Activi-
ties include  providing  technical guidance  and advice  (primarily  through  EPA  re-
gional offices); working  with  States  to develop  State certification programs which
meet the model program requirements under AHERA for asbestos abatement contractors,
inspectors and management planners; and  updating technical  information and  model
planning materials.

     Asbestos-in-Schools'Contractor'and'Inspector'Certification  —  This   program
provides one-time  grants  to States to  pass  enabling legislation  and/or  establish
asbestos abatement contractor, asbestos inspector and management planner certifica-
tion/accreditation and training programs.


ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS-LOANS'AND'GRANTS

1989•Program•Request

     No funds are  requested for  this program in 1989.    Previous  Federal  funding
has already  greatly reduced the  problem.  In addition, many States have initiated
active asbestos  management  or  contractor accreditation  programs  for  schools  and
should be able to continue these activities.


1988'Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating $37,600,000  for this program, all  of which
is from the  Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.   In  1988,  the Agency
expects to provide funds for previously identified high priority asbestos abatement.
projects in schools.  Up to $15,000,000 will  be used for grants to States to assist
schools in the implementation  of new AHERA  requirements  which  become  effective in
1988 and continue into  1989.


                                          TS-23

-------
Abatement and Control

-------
1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of  $41,896,200  for this  program,  all  of
which was from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     The Agency issued funds to 168 public  school districts  or private  schools  for
729 asbestos abatement projects in 422 schools.  These projects should be completed
by 1989.  In total,  $134,200,000  has  been  provided  since  the  summer 1985 to  fund
1,567 projects in  1,057 needy  schools.   These EPA-funded projects  will  eliminate
approximately 11.2  million  exposure hours  to  students  and  employees  each  week.


ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $2,579,200  supported  by  11.0 total  workyears
for this program,  of which $559,200 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,020,000 will be  for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents an increase of $20,300 for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation,
a decrease of $1,603,200 from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appropriation,
and an increase of  0.1 total workyears  from  1988.   The increases in.Salaries  and
Expenses and total workyears  reflect  a minor readjustment of  resources  within  the
overall Toxic Substances program.  The  decrease in Abatement, Control and Compliance
reflects a reduced  need  for activities associated with  the  Asbestos School  Hazard
Abatement Act (ASHAA).

     This program will  continue to focus  on Asbestos  Hazard  Emergency Response.Act
(AHERA) implementation in 1989.  Emphasis will  be on providing technical assistance
and guidance to States and LEAs  on  implementation of  management plans  which  are
required to be  implemented  by  July  1989.  Course  approvals for accreditation  of
asbestos abatement inspectors,  contractors and others will also continue.  Technical
assistance grants  will  provide  for  American Association of  Retired  Persons  (AARP)
personnel to respond to regional requests for help; to conduct abatement inspections
of ASHAA projects; offer counseling  for  unfunded ASHAA  projects; and to help non-
school  building   owners  evaluate  asbestos  containing  materials   (ACM) in   their
facilities and establish abatement priorities.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $4,162,100 supported by  10.9
total workyears for  this  program,  of which  $538,900  1s  from  the Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and  $3,623,200 is from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency is implementing a wide variety  of  programs  to:  (1)  assist  States
and schools in complying with the new  regulatory.standards on asbestos inspection,
control, and  abatement,  (2)  help States  establish  accreditation   programs  which
govern asbestos inspections,  management  planning,  and  response actions, and  (3)
provide compliance assistance to enable schools to develop appropriate, responsible
management plans under AHERA.  Further, the  Agency is continuing its general techni-
cal assistance program for schools and  other building owners which includes informa-
tion and training  centers,  new guidance and model course development, and technical
assistance and outreach  at  the Regional level.   A  rule is  also  being  proposed  to
regulate transport and disposal of  asbestos for schools under  AHERA.   The  program
is continuing to examine the issue of asbestos in public buildings.


                                         TS-24

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $8,427,200 supported  by  10.6 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $495,800 was from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and  $7,931,400 was  from  the  Abatement,   Control  and   Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency provided  a  wide variety  of technical  assistance .services  and  new
guidance materials, primarily to schools to promote effective  remedial  actions  for
asbestos and to strengthen education and technical assistance programs at the State
and local levels.   EPA published final  rules to implement the AHERA legislation in
October 1987, and developed a model accreditation program and courses as a guide to
the States  for  people  who  inspect  for  asbestos,  develop  management plans,  and
conduct abatement work.

     Under  ASHAA, EPA  administered  the  Loan  and  Grant  program  including  the
monitoring of existing awardees and the  close-out of  completed abatement projects.
Eight information and training centers or  satellites  were funded to provide infor-
mation concerning the identification and abatement of asbestos hazards and to train
contractors and  supervisors  in  proper  abatement techniques.    In  addition,  an
efficacy study  on  asbestos  removal  was  conducted, the  usefulness   of  contractor
training in  ASHAA  abatements  was  examined, and  the  issue  of asbestos  in public
buildings was examined through a case study and panel  reviews.


ASBESTOS-IN-SCHOOLS CONTRACTOR AND INSPECTOR CERTIFICATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $800,000 for this program, all of which will be
for the Abatement, Control and Comp'liance appropriation.  This represents no change
from 1988.

     In  1989  funds  will  be  used  for  one-time  grants  to States for asbestos
inspector and management  planner  certification and training programs.  The grants
will continue to help States pass  legislation and establish  programs under AHERA.
Eleven additional  States  will  receive grants to bring the  proficiency of  the State
inspector and  management  planner  program  up  to  par  with  the  State  abatement
contractor program.


1988 Program

     The Agency is allocating a total  of $800,000 for this program, all of which is
from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.   These funds will be used
for grants to States  for inspector  certification and training programs  which  are
based on -accreditation plans  at least as  stringent  as the EPA model  plan published
in April 1987.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total of  $595,400  for this program,  all  of
which was from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance appropriation.

     Grants were targeted  for  five  States  1n 1987  for  inspector  and  management
planner certification and training programs.   Six  additional  States  were  awarded
grants for development of abatement Contractor training  and certification programs.
In 1987, 25  States had  active  asbestos  abatement certification  and  training  pro-
grams.  Twelve States were identified  for awards to assist Local  Education Agencies
(LEAs) in  conducting  inspections  for  asbestos-containing  materials  under AHERA.


                                         TS-25

-------
                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                             Toxic Substances Strategies
                                       ACTUAL
                                        1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988
            ENACTED
              1988
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1988
REQUEST   INCREASE +
 1989     DECREASE -
        1989 VS 1988
      PROGRAM
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
ro
ot
      Chemical Testing
       Salaries & Expenses
       Abatement Control and
       Compl1ance
      Existing Chemical
      Rev1ew
       Salaries & Expenses
       Abatement Control and
       Compliance
New Chemical Review
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compl1ance
      OPTS  - TITLE  III
        Salaries  * Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
      TOTAL:
        Salaries  & Expenses
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance

      Toxic Substances
      Strategies
                                $4,129.9   $4,302.1   $4,304.4   $4,304.4   $4,221.7
                                $3,971.0   $3,725.3   $3,725.3   $3,725.3   $3,725.3

                        TOTAL   $8,100.9   $8,027.4   $8,029.7   $8,029.7   $7,947.0
                                $6,256.3   $5,741.3   $5,491.4   $5,491.4   $5,317.6
                                $8,107.6   $6,104.8   $6,104.8   $5,904.8   $5,904.8

                        TOTAL  $14,363.9  $11,846.1  $11,596.2  $11,396.2  $11,222.4
                                     $11,668.9  $12,323.2  $11,987.5  $11,987.5   $12,769.4
                                      $8,610.5   $8,837.1   $8,837.1   $8,837.1   $8.837.1

                              TOTAL  '$20,279.4  $21,160.3  $20,824.6  $20,824.6   $21,606.5
                                                      $2,142.3   $2,142.3   $2,442.8
                                                      $5,854.1   $6,054.1   $7,554.1
                                              -$82.7


                                              -$82.7



                                             -$173.8


                                             -$173.8


                                              $781.9


                                              $781.9
                                              $300.5
                                            $1,500.0
                              TOTAL
                               $22,055.1
                               $20,689.1
                                                      $7,996.4   $8,196.4   $9,996.9  $1,800.5
$22,366.6  $23,925.6  $23,925.6  $24,751.5    $825.9
$18,667.2  $24,521.3  $24,521.3  $26,021.3  $1,500.0
                        TOTAL  $42,744.2  $41,033.8  $48,446.9  $48,446.9  $50,772.8  $2,325.9

-------
                                                    TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                              Toxic Substances Strategies
ro


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Rev1 ew
New Chemical Review
OPTS - TITLE III
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Chemical Testing
Existing Chemical
Rev1 ew
New Chemical Review
OPTS - TITLE III
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN

76.5 84.0
107.8 123.6
243.7 247.6

428.0 455.2

78.5 84.0
112.5 123.6
255.9 247.6

446.9 455.2
ENACTED
1988 E
THOUSANDS)

84.0
123.6
247.6
34.5
489.7

84.0-
123.6
247.6
34.5
489.7
CURRENT
STIMATE
1988


83.0
117.1
244.5
33.9
478.5

83.0
117.1
244.5
34.5
479.1
REQUEST
1989 1
191


79.0
110.0
252.6
37.4
479.0

79.0
110.0
252.6
37.4
479.0
INCREASE
DECREASE
89 VS 198


-4.0
-7.1
8.1
3.5
.5

-4.0
-7.1
8.1
2.9
-.1

-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                             Toxic Substances  Strategies
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $50,772,800 supported by 479.0 total workyears
for 1989, an  Increase  of  $2,325,900  and a  decrease of 0.1  total  workyears  from
1988.  Of the request,  $24,751,500 will  be for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropria-
tion and $26,021,300 will  be  for  the  Abatement, Control and Compliance appropria-
tion.  This is an  increase of $825,900 in the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation
and an increase of  $1,500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

Program Description

     The program areas  under this  subactivity include:

     Chemical   Testing— The  Chemical   Testing  program  is  the focal  point for
developing and accumulating  data  on  existing  chemicals.  Section 4  of the  Toxic
Substances Control  Act  (TSCA)  allows  EPA to require testing of  specific chemicals
or mixtures  when  data  are  insufficient  to  determine health  and  environmental
effects.  This testing  decision is based  on a determination that  a  chemical  may
pose an unreasonable risk  or that  it is  produced in substantial quantities  which
may result in significant human exposure or environmental  release.

     EPA must  respond within  one  year to the Interagency Testing Committee's  (ITC)
lists of chemicals  designated for priority testing  consideration.   EPA also  uses
Section 4 to  require testing  on  other  chemicals  of concern to the Agency.   The
testing program  emphasizes the importance of  obtaining good quality test  data as
quickly as possible  and  uses  a negotiated  approach to testing  wherever possible.
This requires the publication of acceptable test methodologies,  as well  as  conduct-
ing laboratory/data audits to ensure the data can  be used  for  regulatory purposes.

     Existing Chemical  Review — The  Existing  Chemical  Review  program  encompasses
chemicals in commerce when TSCA was passed and all new chemicals manufactured  since
then.  There are approximately 66,000 chemicals now listed  on  the TSCA Inventory of
Chemical Substances.  The  goal of  the  program is  to  reduce  significant  risks to
society from these chemicals.  To accomplish this  EPA:  (1)  looks  at  known  informa-
tion on  existing  chemicals,   (2)   determines  whether there  might  be a  problem
associated with the chemical,  (3)  assesses the  magnitude of the problem, (4)  iden-
tifies a solution,  and  (5) translates the  solution into action.  This  process of
evaluating a  chemical's  risk as it moves through  the  review  cycle is  referred to
as the existing chemical program.

     TSCA authority over existing  chemicals is broad.  It includes Section 8,  which
permits us to  gather  information  which  is  already  available to manufacturers and
processors; Section 6,  which  allows us to  control  a chemical  at any stage in its
life cycle or  ban  it completely;  and  Section 9, which provides  for formal  referral
of a chemical to another regulatory Agency.  The  significant  new use  provisions of
Section 5, as  well  as  nonregulatory chemical advisories, are also used to address
certain existing chemical  problems.   TSCA authorities  are also useful tools to
apply to cross-media existing chemical problems.

     New Chemical Review — The New Chemical Review program reflects  the preventive
philosophy of TSCA by reviewing potential effects  of all new  chemicals  before they
are manufactured or imported.  Manufacturers and importers  are required  to submit a
90-day advance notification  of intent  to  manufacture or  import a  new  chemical
substance.  The  objective  of  the program is to  review all  new  chemical  notices and
take prompt action  on those  that  require additional  data  or pose concerns  poten-
tially warranting control.  Section  5(h)(4)  allows  EPA to exclude  low risk chemicals


                                         TS-28

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from  full  review  requirements.  Section  5(a)(2)  authorizes  EPA  to  track new
chemicals that might be of concern based on intended usage or significant increases
in the volume  of  production.   The new chemical review program also  covers  geneti-
cally engineered organisms submitted under premanufacture notices (PMNs).

     EPA imposes  or  negotiates a variety  of  control actions  on new chemicals  of
concern.  These include  issuance of  Section  5(e)  and  5(f)  orders  to  control  or
prohibit manufacture of  the chemical  or  withdraw them  from the market.   Section
5(e) orders are  issued when available  data are inadequate to evaluate  the health
and environmental  risks posed by a new chemical  and when the chemical "may present"
an unreasonable risk  or  will  be produced  in  substantial  quantity  and will  have
substantial human exposure  or  environmental release.  The majority  of these orders
are made with the consent  of the producer  and  result in  limited  manufacture of the
substance until more definitive  information is  obtained.  The authority  of  Section
5(f) is invoked when a chemical  is  found to present  an unreasonable  risk.   In  some
cases these findings  lead to  an immediately  effective  Section  6(a) rule  banning
production of the chemical.

     Title III - Title III  of  the Superfund Amendments and  Reauthorization Act  of
1986 established requirements for Federal, State, and local governments and industry
regarding emergency planning and community right-to-know reporting on hazardous and
toxic chemicals.  The purpose  is to increase  the public's  awareness  of  and access
to information on the presence of hazardous chemicals and routine releases of these
chemicals into the  environment.  EPA  is  required to establish  and  make  publicly
available an  inventory  of  toxic chemical   emissions  for facilities  falling  under
Standard Industrial   Codes   (SIC)  20-39.  The  Agency must  collect  toxic  chemical
release forms  on  over   300  chemicals  or  chemical  compounds annually  reflecting
releases during each preceding  calendar year.   These data will  provide  a  valuable
source of  information  to Federal  programs,   States,  localities  and  Individuals
involved in doing site-specific risk assessments.


CHEMICAL TESTING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of  $7,947,000 supported  by 79.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  of  which  $4,221,700 will  be  for  the   Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $3,725,300  will  be for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.  This represents  a decrease  of  $82,700 in the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and a  decrease of  4.0 total workyears.   The decreases  reflect  the
completion of the majority  of  Interagency Testing Committee  (ITC)  testing  actions
pending from previous years.

     In 1989, testing actions  are planned  on  16 chemicals.   These  actions  include
publication of initial  decisions on  four chemicals  of the 21st and  22nd ITC lists,
four post-initial  testing actions, and eight final  test  rules.  By the end of 1989,
final test rules will have been promulgated on 33 ITC chemicals;  only 11 ITC desig-
nations are still awaiting final response.  The  Agency  will also  begin test  data
development on the  23rd and  24th ITC  lists,  including publication  of Section  8
information gathering rules.

     In 1989, the Agency  will  begin to implement an  important  non-ITC  initiative,
that is,  filling  identified  data gaps  on  the  Superfund Amendments  and  Reauthori-
zation Act of  1986  (SARA)  Section  110 chemicals.   Section 110 of  SARA indicates
that where feasible, TSCA and  the Federal  Insecticide,  Fungicide,  and  Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA) be used to require industry to test chemicals to fill data gaps identi-
fied in the  toxicological  profiles.  Toxicological  profiles  will  be prepared  and
published in early  1988  on  the first  group  of 25  chemicals.   Each profile  will
identify multiple gaps  where adequate health effects data are incomplete or totally
lacking.  A generic TSCA  Section 4  test rule designed to efficiently fill  certain
of these data  gaps is planned for promulgation early in 1989.  During 1989 the Agency


                                         TS-29

-------
plans to utilize this rule to have data developed by Industry on selected chemicals.
The Agency will continue work on several other non-ITC actions.  Test guidelines to
support the testing program will continue at the 1988 level.


1988"Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $8,029,700  supported  by 83.0
total workyears  for  this program,  of  which  $4,304,400 is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and $3,725,300 is from the Abatement, Control and Compliance
appropriation.

     In 1988,  the   ITC  testing  program  includes  publication  of  initial  testing
decisions on three chemicals  from  the  19th  and 20th ITC lists.  Another 15 testing
actions are being  issued,  12 of which  are  final  rules  requiring testing to begin.

     The non-ITC program  will include  a  proposed  generic test  rule  to facilitate
testing of  SARA  Section 110  chemicals, a final  test rule for the  Office  of Solid
Waste to obtain health effects and chemical fate data on approximately 40 chemicals
to support  RCRA  land  disposal decisions,  and continued work on  several  other non-
ITC chemicals.  Two  new test guidelines  are  expected to result  from this effort.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a total  of $8,100.900 supported  by  78.5 total
workyears for this program,  of which $4,129,900  was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $3,971,000  was from the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appro-
priation.

     During 1987, testing actions  were  taken on a total of  22 chemicals.   Initial
decisions Included two  chemicals  on  the 18th  ITC list;  testing was  proposed on
both.  Post-initial  and  final  decisions  included  16  actions:  one  proposed,  14
final, and one enforceable consent order.   Non-ITC testing actions resulted in four
rules: a proposed  test rule  covering   77 chemicals  to support  land  ban decisions
under RCRA; a proposed and final test rule  to  obtain  oncogenicity data on 2-ethyl-
hexanol; and a  final  test rule on dioxin and dibenzofurans in  response  to a TSCA
Section 21 petition.

     Six new test guidelines  were  published in 1987.   To date, a total of 101 test
guidelines have  been  developed  covering  119  methodologies.   The annual  review of
test guidelines resulted in the publication of 37 final test guidelines.


EXISTING'CHEHICAL- REVIEW

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total of $11,222,400  supported by 110.0 total  workyears
for this program, of  which $5,317,600 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $5,904,800 will  be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropri-
ation.  This represents a decrease of $173,800 for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation, no  change  in the  Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropriation and a
decrease of  7.1  total workyears.   The  decreases  reflect programmatic improvements
resulting from the  Comprehensive  Assessment  Information Rule (CAIR),  a reduction
in the number  of preliminary risk assessments, and a  shifting of resources to the
new chemical program.

     In 1989,  the  TSCA  Existing Chemical Review program will continue to support
through its varied authorities a broad  based, Federal network of existing chemicals
programs.  Section 8 and Section 5(a) of TSCA provide extensive authority to collect
existing data from industry,  and the Agency will propose or finalize nine such data


                                        TS-30

-------
collection rules in 1989.  Some of these rules, particularly the Section 8
-------
     During 1987,  75 chemicals  were reviewed  in  the Existing  Chemicals  Program.
As a  result,  12  chemicals  were referred  to  risk  management,  6 chemicals  were
referred for information gathering,  13 chemicals required no further action and 44
were designated for  further  review  and/or  risk management activities.   Significant
accomplishments under Section  8  include  promulgation of  the  Section  8(d)  outreach
rule which  will  provide  information on  102  chemicals  for  EPA and the  Consumer
Product Safety Commission (CPSC), and the proposal  or finalization of eight Section
5(a) significant new use rules.

     Risk  evaluation   activities   included   the  initiation  of  preliminary  risk
assessments on 18  chemicals and  detailed  risk assessments  on  3  chemicals.   Risk
management included  two  proposed  rulemakings on PCBs and  the  issuance  of  a policy
statement on PCS spills clean-up.  The Asbestos Worker Protection and Training Rule
was promulgated  in  1987.   The Agency issued a chemical advisory  on  the use  of
nitropropane.

     The Agency began a new activity in 1987  which  focused on  risk  communication
through the  development of  the   Chemical  Assessment Desk.   The  Chemical  Assess-
ment Desk  provided  written  responses  to   105  chemical-specific questions  from
Regional offices, other  EPA  offices and  Federal agencies, State and  local  govern-
ments, and non-government organizations,  companies and private citizens.

     The existing chemicals program  was  also responsible in  1987 for investigating
the first priority list of 25  hazardous  substances which will  result in subsequent
detailed toxicological   profiles  as  part  of an agreement  with  the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).


NEW CHEMICAL"REVIEW

1989'Program Request           .   .

     The Agency requests a total  of $21,606,500  supported by 252.6 total workyears
for this program, of which $12,769,400 will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation and $8,837,100 will be for the Abatement,  Control and Compliance appropri-
ation.  This  represents an  increase of  $781,900 for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation, no  change  in the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance appropriation,
and an  increase of  8.1  total  workyears.   The  increases  will  support the expanding
biotechnology program.

     In 1989, the Agency will  maintain an effective  new  chemical review program to
ensure that any unreasonable health and  environmental  risks  are addressed  before a
new chemical enters  the marketplace.  Approximately  3,000 new chemical  notices are
expected, an  increase  of  152  over  1988.   About  260 of these  new  chemicals will
require detailed review  resulting in testing, exposure  controls,  or withdrawal by
the manufacturer.   Agency  concerns  which  cannot  be resolved  through  negotiation
will be addressed through formal  Section 5(e) or 5(f) orders.

     With the promulgation  of the  expedited  follow-up   Significant  New Use  Rule
(SNUR). in 1988, a  more  efficient follow-up  program  will  be  in place.   Compared to
previous years, we  will be able  to subject more new chemicals  to significant new
use criteria.  This  generic approach  represents  a  significant  step in protecting
health and the environment.   We  will  receive  test studies as a result of Section
5{e) consent orders with testing  triggers prompting EPA actions to: 1) modify/revoke
terms of the consent order,  2)  leave the  consent  in place under the same conditions,
or 3) ban/cease manufacture.

     Biotechnology manufacture notices will  increase in  1989.   A minimum  of 35-50
notices is  expected, or  double   the level   expected  in   1988.   These  reviews  are
complex and  require  a   substantial  amount   of  interdisciplinary scientific  and
technical expertise  to  complete  a thorough  evaluation.   In 1989, the biotechnology


                                          TS-32

-------
program will promulgate three  rules implementing review and  reporting  under TSCA.
They include a  Section 8 reporting rule  covering  releases of living  organisms to
the environment, a Section 5 SNUR  for  pathogens, and  a  modification  of the Section
5(h)(3) research  and  development  (R&D)  exemption.   A  Section  5(h)(4)  exemption
rule will  be  proposed for  contained  and/or closed  system uses of  microorganisms
which will not present unreasonable risks.  The Agency will continue to work closely
with  other  Federal   agencies,  scientific  groups,  public  interest  groups, and
international  organizations concerned with biotechnology issues.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency  is  allocating a total  of  $20,824,600 supported  by 244.5
total workyears  for  this  program,  of  which $11,987,500 is  from the  Salaries  and
Expenses appropriation and $8,837,100 is from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency  is  subjecting  all  new chemical notices to  a thorough  review  and
taking action to control  unreasonable  health  and  environmental  risks  wherever
necessary.  We anticipate receiving 2,600 new chemical notices in the course of the
year, a 13% increase in workload from 1987.  About  230 of the new chemicals require
some form of control  (i.e., testing, exposure^ controls,  withdrawal).   Test data has
begun to arrive as a result of  Section 5(e)  actions and  voluntary  industry compli-
ance, necessitating  Agency  review.  We are  finalizing  the expedited  new chemical
follow-up rule and are subjecting new chemicals with Section  5(e) actions to follow
up reporting requirements  using  that  rule.  The  Agency also  intends  to publish a
final rule implementing a user  fee for new chemical  reviews.

     The total   number  of  biotechnology notices has significantly increased since
1987.  We  expect to  receive  a  total  of  15-20 biotechnology  notices this  year,
which will each  require complex  interdisciplinary  scientific and technical review.
Biotechnology  activities also include  three  proposed  rules:  a Section  8 reporting
rule covering   releases of  living   organisms  to the  environment,  a  Section  5(a)
SNUR for pathogens,  and modification  of the  Section 5(h)(3)  R&D exemption.   We
are continuing  to work closely  with  other parties to provide for the coordinated
review of biotechnology substances.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency obligated a total of  $20,279,400  supported  by 255.9 total
workyears for  this program, of  which $11,668,900 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation   and  $8,610,500  was  from  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation.

     Receipt of  new chemical notices  reached a high of 2,298, and control actions
were taken on  200 chemicals.   EPA continued to monitor  new  chemicals  that might
have been of concern if their uses  changed,  or if  production volumes  significantly
increased from those estimated during their  Initial review.   A procedural  rule  for
expedited new  chemical  follow-up  was  proposed.  This  rule  reduced  the  need  for
chemical-spedfie SNURs while increasing the number of chemicals  subject to follow-
up.  The Agency  also published  a  proposed  rule to  implement a user fee  for  new
chemical reviews.

    The Agency received seven  TSCA biotechnology PMNs.  These first  reviews under
TSCA resulted  in  the  issuance  of  one  Section 5(e) Consent  order.   Three  of  the
notices were granted,  and  the  remaining three were designated for further review.
The TSCA  biotechnology program  continued to  be  closely coordinated  with  other
Federal agencies, the private sector, and  international  organizations.
                                          TS-33

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TITLE III

1989 Program Request

   The Agency requests a total of $9,996,900  supported  by  37.4 total  workyears for
this program, of which  $2,442,800  will  be for the Salaries and  Expenses  appropri-
ation and $7,554,100 will be for the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.
This represents increases  of  $300,500 in the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,
$1,500,000 in the Abatement, Control and Compliance Appropriation, and an increase of
2.9 total workyears.  The  increases  reflect  expanded  efforts to  process  industry
data submitted pursuant to new statutory requirements.

     In 1989, the first hazardous chemical release information gathered under  SARA
Section 313 will  be available to the public.  Emissions reports  received  in  1988
will be made  available  and work will continue on the  second  cycle of  reports for
1988 emissions.   In the  second  cycle,  we  estimate  receiving at  least  300,000
emissions reports.   As  in  1988, work to improve  the  overall  quality of  the  data
will continue  as  omissions and  obvious  errors  in  reporting  are corrected.   The
Agency  will  also  continue  working  with  States  to develop programs capable of
analyzing and  interpreting the  emissions data   on  a   local   site-specific  level.

     The Regions will continue  to  disseminate information and  provide  training  on
reporting requirements concentrating on  companies with the most potential for signi-
ficant emissions.  The  Regions  will also  serve  as the  key resource  in  preventing
misuse and misunderstanding of emissions data.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency   is  allocating  a total  of $8,196,400  supported  by  34.5
total workyears for  this   program,  of  which  $2,142,300 is from the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation and  $6,054,100 is from the Abatement, Control  and Compliance
appropriation.

     The Agency published  the Section 313 emissions inventory rule in January 1988.
The Agency expects to receive 300,000 reports on 1987  emissions, although  there is
uncertainty about industry's  response rate and ability to  meet the reporting dead-
line because  of the  complexity  of Section   313  reporting  requirements.   We  are
processing the  emissions  reports in  the  last quarter   of  1988 and expect  to  make
the 1987 data publicly  available by mid-1989.  Our highest priority  is to process
the emissions  reports  into the  public  data   base.  The program  is  conducting  a
processing operation to resolve  obvious  errors  and  omissions before the  data are
entered into the data  base.   Some  detailed quality  control checks are planned  to
improve the overall emissions  data quality.  Quality control efforts  will  also help
us to determine  if revisions  to the  reporting requirements are  necessary.   Tech-
nical assistance will be provided to assist  the  public  in  understanding  emissions
data.

     The Regions have a  major  role in  implementing Section 313.  They are continuing
to provide technical assistance and  guidance  to industry in complying  with  require-
ments under Section  313.   In  addition,  the Regions  are working through State and
local groups to conduct seminars about  Title  III  and to develop training  programs
to help industry properly  complete  the  emissions  report form,  an important part  of
our overall  data quality plan.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency   obligated  a total   of  $5,079,100  supported  by 2.7 total
workyears for this program, all  of which was  from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation.


                                          TS-34

-------
     In  1987,  Agency   accomplishments   included   meeting  a  wide  variety  of
responsibilities  as  mandated  under  Title  III of SARA.  These  included  meeting
statutory deadlines for the  promulgation  of the proposed emissions  reporting  rule
under Section  313; developing  technical  guidance  on  estimating  toxic  releases;
reviewing four petitions for adding  or deleting chemicals  from the list of chemicals
subject to  reporting; and  completing  other analyses.   In  addition,  the  Agency
initiated contact with groups interested in Title III such as States, environmental
groups, and the regulated community  in  order to  inform them about the requirements
for reporting, and the potential impact of the law.  These contacts  were organized,
coordinated, and  conducted  by Regional and  Headquarters  staff.  They  included  an
extensive mailing  of  a brochure  on the  law, public  meetings,  and  workshops  for
industry.  The program also  provided technical   support to  OSWER and OGC in  their
rulemaking and outreach activities under Sections  302,  304,  311, 312, 322 and 323.
                                         TS-35

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Enforcement

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
TOXIC SUBSTANCES

    ENFORCEMENT
       Toxic Substances Enforcement	 TS-36
          Toxic Substances Enforcement	TS-39
          Toxic Substances Enforcement Grants	 TS-41
       OPTS Enforcement  - Title III	 TS-42
                                     TS-36

-------
                                                   TOXIC  SUBSTANCES
                                             Toxic Substances Enforcement

                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET   .  ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                         1987     ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE     1989      DECREASE -
                                                   1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
       PROGRAM
                                                 (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)
CO

co
       Toxic Substances
       Enforcement
        Salaries  &  Expenses
        Abatement Control  and
        Compliance
       Toxic Substances
       Enforcement Grants
        Abatement Control and
        Compliance
                                $6.759.8   $7.697.9   $7.690.3   $7,690.3   $7,988.6    $298.3
                                $1,832.5   $2,015.5   $2,015.5   $2,015.5   $2,015.5
                               TOTAL   $8,592.3   $9,713.4   $9,705.8   $9,705.8  $10,004.1    $298.3
                                $2,241.7   $2,200.0   $2,200.0   $2,200.0   $2,200.0

                        TOTAL   $2,241.7   $2,200.0   $2,200.0   $2,200.0   $2.200.0
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compl1ance

Toxic Substances
Enforcement
                                       $6.759.8   $7.697.9   $7.690.3   $7,690.3   $7,988.6    $298.3
                                       $4,074.2   $4,215.5   $4,215.5   $4,215.5   $4,215.5
                               TOTAL  $10,834.0  $11,913.4  $11,905.8  $11,905.8  $12,204.1    $298.3
       PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       Toxic Substances
       Enforcement
                                   155.7
180.9
180.9
176.2
184.3
8.1
       TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                   155.7
180.9
180.9
176.2
184.3
8.1

-------
I
CO
CO
                                                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES
                                       ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE*
                                        1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                   1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)



      TOTAL WORKYEARS
      Toxic Substances                   166.1      180.9      180.9      184.3      184.3
      Enforcement

      TOTAL WORKYEARS                    166.1      180.9      180.9      184.3      184.3

-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                            Toxic Substances Enforcement


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a total of $12,204,100 and 184.3 total workyears for 1989,
an Increase  of $298,300 and  no change  In  workyears  from  1988.   Of  the  request,
$7,988,600 will  be for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation,  and $4,215,500
will be for  the  Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropriation.   This represents
an Increase of $298,300  In the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation,  and no change
In the Abatement, Control and Compliance appropriation.

Program"DescM ptlon

     The program areas under this subactivlty are:

     Toxic'Substances' Enforcement —  The  toxic   substances  enforcement  program
ensures compliance with  the  Toxic  Substances Control  Act (TSCA) and related rules
and regulations.   The Regional  offices Inspect facilities that manufacture, process,
distribute, use  or  dispose  of  new  or specifically  regulated  chemicals.  Regional
staff provide  technical  assistance to  the  regulated  community  in  complying  with
applicable TSCA regulations, and prepare  and Issue notices  of violation and admin-
istrative orders.

     Headquarters Is responsible for  the overall management of the national toxic
substances compliance  monitoring  program.   Headquarters provides  support  1n  the
development of new TSCA regulations to assure that they are efficient and equitable
from an enforcement viewpoint,  develops enforcement response  policies  and  compli-
ance monitoring  strategies  for each  new rule, and  provides  compliance assistance
and technical support to case development and prosecution activities.  Headquarters
also manages the  laboratory data Integrity  program.   This program  Involves  Inspec-
tions of laboratories that perform chemical  and environmental testing, and In-depth
audits of test studies submitted to the Agency pursuant to TSCA and Federal  Insect-
icide, Fungicide  and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) testing rules.

     Toxlc Substances•Enforcement Grants  —  This   program   funds    cooperative
agreements with  State  agencies to  develop and operate toxic  substances compliance
monitoring programs in the area of existing chemicals control.  The program permits
wider coverage of the  regulated  community without  requiring additional  Federal
personnel.


TOXIC' SUBSTANCES' ENFORCEMENT

1989"Program"Request

     The Agency requests a total of $10,004,100  and  184.3 total workyears for this
program, of which  $7,988,600  will   be  for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation
and $2,015,500 will  be  for the Abatement,  Control, and  Compliance appropriation.
This represents  an  increase  of $298,300  for  Salaries  and  Expenses,  no  change
in Abatement, Control  and Compliance and no change in total workyears.  The increase
in  Salaries and  Expenses reflects Increased personnel costs.

     In 1989,  Regional  personnel  will  conduct compliance  inspections  and  provide
case development   specifically  targeted  at  PCB. disposal  sites  and broker/trans-
porter/storer facilities.  The Regions  will  conduct compliance   Inspections  1n
support of existing TSCA rules, although many PCB  Inspections and most asbestos-
in-schools compliance  inspections   will  be conducted either under   contract  or
through enforcement agreements with  cooperating State  agencies.    Regional  staff


                                          TS-39

-------
will participate in  the  laboratory  data Integrity program by conducting good  lab-
oratory practices  (GLP)  Inspections at laboratories that perform toxic  substances
testing.  Inspections in  support of the PCB  ban,  marking and disposal rules  will
continue to receive  strong  emphasis.   The Regional offices will also  conduct  com-
pliance Inspections  In  support of  Section  5 new  chemical  regulations,  Section  8
reporting rules, Section 12 export requirements and Section 13 Import requirements.

     Headquarters manages the national  toxic substances enforcement  program through
guidance to and periodic reviews of  Regional programs, Including  on-site  program
evaluations.  Headquarters also manages  a  cooperative agreement with  the  American
Association of  Retired Persons (AARP) to conduct compliance monitoring Inspections
in support  of  the asbestos-in-schools  rule and  exercises   overall  authority  1n
conducting the  Agency's  laboratory data Integrity  program.   EPA will continue  to
conduct full-scale  audits  of completed  test  studies  submitted  to  the   Agency,
and Inspections  of testing  laboratories to verify  compliance with  good  laboratory
practices.  Both the Regions  and  Headquarters will also prepare and  Issue  notices
of violation  and  administrative  orders and  will  provide  technical  assistance
and support as  necessary to  the  Office of  Enforcement and Compliance  Monitoring
(OECM) in the prosecution of civil and criminal cases.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency  1s  allocating  a  total   of  $9,705,800 and  184.3 total
workyears for this program,  of which $7,690,300 Is from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $2,015,500 is from the Abatement, Control,  and Compliance appro-
priation.

     The Regions are  conducting  Inspection programs  to determine  compliance  with
TSCA rules and  providing assistance to firms  seeking  to comply voluntarily  with
TSCA requirements,   or  who  wish  to take  remedial   actions  to achieve compliance.
The Regional offices are preparing and Issuing notices of violation  and administra-
tive orders, and developing and prosecuting cases when  compliance is  not achieved.
Oversight of the cooperative enforcement agreement program, review  and approval  of
PCB landfills and  unique-design  stationary PCB  Incinerators,  and PCB  site  disposal
monitoring are also responsibilities of the regional offices.

     In addition to providing overall  program guidance and management,  Headquarters
is managing the laboratory  data  integrity  program and  conducting  audits  of  test
studies submitted  to the  Agency under  TSCA  testing rules.   Headquarters staff
are managing the  AARP cooperative  agreement that  supports  compliance  monitoring
inspections under the asbestos-1n-schools program.  Headquarters  is also  partici-
pating in regulation  development  directed by the  Office of Toxic  Substances, and
preparing enforcement response policies and  compliance monitoring  strategies for
newly developed regulations.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a  total  of $8,592,300 supported by 166.1 total
workyears for this  program,  of which $6,759,800 was from the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation and $1,832,500 was from the Abatement,  Control  and Compliance appro-
priation.

     In 1987 the program conducted  compliance Inspections,  data  processing,  and
scientific review  of  data   audits.   The  Regional  offices  conducted  compliance
Inspections 1n  support  of existing TSCA rules,  with particular emphasis  upon PCB
and asbestos-in-schools Inspections under Section 6.  Upon detection of violations,
including those originating  from  State-conducted inspections, the Regional  staffs
developed and  prosecuted enforcement  cases.  The Agency  issued   administrative
orders in 1,051 cases,   issued 2,276  notices  of  warning, and  referred  six civil
cases to the Department of Justice.
                                         TS-40

-------
TOXIC SUBSTANCES ENFORCEMENT GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $2,200,000 for this program, all of  which  will
be for  the Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation.  These  funds  will
support toxic  substances compliance  monitoring programs  with  an  anticipated  21
participating States.  The  State programs will emphasize  compliance monitoring  of
chemical control rules, particularly  for asbestos  and PCBs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $2,200,000  for this  program, all
of which is from the Abatement,  Control and  Compliance appropriation.  These  funds
support State-conducted  toxic  substances compliance monitoring  programs  in  21
States.  (Additional participating States  which  have joined the cooperative enforce-
ment agreement program in 1988 are Idaho,  Missouri, New Mexico and  Vermont; Florida
has terminated its cooperative agreement.)  These State programs focus  upon Section
6 chemical   control   rules,  particularly  PCB  and  asbestos compliance monitoring.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a  total  of $2,241,700  for this program, all  of
which was  from  the  Abatement, Control  and  Compliance appropriation.  These  funds
supported State cooperative  enforcement agreement  programs in  Arizona, California,
Connecticut, Colorado,  Florida,  Iowa,   Kansas,  Maryland,  Michigan, New  Hampshire,
North Dakota,  Ohio,  Oklahoma, Puerto  Rico,  Texas,  West  Virginia, Washington  and
Wisconsin.   These States  conducted 877 asbestos-in-schools  inspections  and  1,143
PCB inspections.
                                         TS-41

-------
                                             TOXIC  SUBSTANCES
                                      OPTS  -  Enforcement  -  Title  III

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET      ENACTED     CURRENT
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE
                                             1988                  1988
                     REQUEST    INCREASE +
                      1989      DECREASE -
                             1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
OPTS - ENFORCEMENT -
TITLE III
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compliance
                        TOTAL
$524.0     $524.0     $542.3      $18.3
                    Hi.soo.o   $1,50o.n

$524.0     $524.0   $2,042.3   Hi,518.3
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Abatement Control and
 Compl1ance
$524.0     $524.0     $542.3     $18.3
                    $1,500.0  HI ,500.0
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
OPTS - ENFORCEMENT -
TITLE III

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
  11.0
  11.0
10.9
10.9
11.0
11.0
.1
.1
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OPTS -  ENFORCEMENT
TITLE III
  11.0
11.0
11.0
 TOTAL WORKYEARS
  11.0
11.0
11.0

-------
                                  TOXIC SUBSTANCES


                             OPTS Title III Enforcement


Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $2,042,300  supported by  11.0  total  workyears
for 1989,  an  increase of  $1,518,300  and no  change 1n total  workyears  from 1988.
Of this amount,  $542,300  will be  for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation and
$1,500,000 will  be  for  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance  appropriation,
Increases of $18,300 and $1,500,000 respectively.

Program Description

     This subactlvity Includes the following:

     OPTS Title  III Enforcement — This program ensures compliance with Section 313
of Title III  of the Super fund Amendments  and Reauthor1zat1on Act  of  1986 (SARA).
Regional staff provide compliance assistance and  training  to  the regulated Industry,
the States,  and local  authorities to  assist them 1n  complying  with  Title  III
requirements.  The Regional offices also Inspect chemical facilities to verify that
these facilities meet  Title III  requirements  to report  to  local  authorities, the
States, and EPA.   Regional  staff also develop enforcement  actions  when  violations
are detected.

     Headquarters Is responsible  for  the overall  management of the national  SARA
Title III compliance monitoring program.  Headquarters personnel  provide support in
the development  of Title  III regulations to assure  that  they  are efficient and
equitable from an  enforcement viewpoint,  develop enforcement response policies and
compliance monitoring  strategies for  new rules,  and provide assistance to  case
development and prosecution activities.


OPTS TITLE III ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $2,042,300  supported by  11.0  total  workyears
for this program,  of  which $542,300  will  be for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation, and $1,500,000 will be for the Abatement, Control, and Compliance approp-
riation.  This  represents  an  increase  of $18,300 for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation, an  increase  of $1,500,000 in  the  Abatement,  Control  and  Compliance
appropriation, and  no  change  in total  workyears.  The  Increase  in  Salaries and
Expenses reflects  increased personnel  costs.   The Increase  in Abatement,  Control,
and Compliance represents the  first time the Agency has  requested  such funding for
this program.  This funding will  provide computer support  and a grant for contractor
Inspections through the American Association  of Retired Persons (AARP).

     In 1989,  contractor  personnel  will  Inspect  chemical   facilities  that  use,
manufacture or process potentially harmful chemicals to verify that such  facilities
observe the  reporting  requirements  of  SARA  Section  313.   Section  313  requires
facilities to  submit annual  toxic chemical release  forms to EPA and  the  State in
which the facility is located.   Such  forms list  amounts  of chemicals released Into
the environment  during  the preceding year.   Since many  such facilities  are  also
subject to the  reporting'requirements of  Sections 5, 8  and 13  of  the Toxic  Sub-
stances Control Act (TSCA),  the  regions will Integrate Title  III  inspections with
TSCA recordkeeping  and reporting  inspections where   possible.   The  Regions  will
develop appropriate enforcement actions in response to any  violations  of Title III
detected during these inspections.
                                           TS-43

-------
     In 1989,  Headquarters  staff  will  develop  enforcement  response  policies.
compliance monitoring  strategies,  procedural   manuals  and   guidance  relating  to
Section 313 of Title  III.   Headquarters personnel will also  conduct case develop-
ment activities and will  continue to  oversee  and provide assistance  for Regional
case development.   Other  Headquarters  activities  will  Include  participation  with
the Office of  Toxic Substances  1n  rulemaklng, and providing training  to Regional
and contractor staff.

     Headquarters will  also establish  a grant with the  American  Association  of
Retired Persons  (AARP)  to  conduct  compliance Inspections  and  provide  paralegal
case development  under  SARA Title  III.  Such  contractor  support will enable the
Agency to  reach  a broader  portion  of  the  regulated community  without Increasing
Federal staff.   In addition,  Headquarters   will  Implement  a  computer  system  to
target compliance Inspections.  The computer system will cross-check production and
facility profile  data to  Identify  facilities that  might be  expected  to  submit
reports under Section 313  but have  not.  Facilities with the highest potential for
failure to submit reports will be targeted for Inspections.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating  a total  of $524,000 supported by 11.0 total
workyears for this program, all  of which Is from the Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation.

     Now that SARA Title III  1s  enforceable, the  Regions are developing their role
In providing  compliance assistance  to the  regulated  community,  the  States,  and
local authorities.  Compliance assistance  Includes  defining and  Identifying the
regulated community,  responding  to  Inquiries   from  Individual   facilities  or the
regulated Industry  as  a whole on  enforcement  requirements,  providing training In
compliance matters  to  Industry,  State  or  local  representatives,  and  reviewing
and Implementing  enforcement  policies,  strategies and  Inspection procedures.  The
Regions are also  conducting a limited  number  of  compliance Inspections,  some of
which are Integrated with  other  Inspections under TSCA Sections 5,  8 and 13.  The
Regions are also Implementing case development as violations are detected.

     In 1988,  Headquarters personnel  are  developing  final  enforcement  response
policies and compliance monitoring strategies to accompany final rules developed by
the Office of Toxic Substances under Title III, and providing training for regional
personnel.  Headquarters staff participate  In  regulation development to assure the
enforceabll1ty of  new rules  and to  develop  rules  of  practice.   Other  projects
are developing guidance documents,  Inspection guidelines, procedural  manuals and
other materials  to Implement  specific  program  activities.    Finally,  staff  are
also conducting case development activities, and providing oversight and assistance
1n regional case  development  as Initial enforcement  cases for  this program begin
to appear.  Considerable attention to and oversight of case development Is critical
for a  newly  enforceable program  to  provide program-wide  consistency  among cases
and to make precedent-setting determinations 1n cases of first  Impression, thereby
assuring the Integrity of the national compliance monitoring effort.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of  $1,900  supported  by no workyears for
this program,  all   of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.

     During 1987, the first year 1n which Title  III  resources  were available, the
Regions began  providing compliance   assistance to  the  regulated  community,  the
States, and local  authorities 1n  anticipation of the  effective  dates of various
portions of  the  statute.    Headquarters  personnel  developed  draft  enforcement
response policies and compliance monitoring strategies corresponding to draft rules
under development  in the Office  of Toxic Substances, and provided Initial training
                                           TS-44

-------
for regional personnel.  Headquarters  staff participated  in  regulation  development
and began developing guidance documents, inspection  guidelines,  procedural  manuals
and other materials to implement specific program activities.
                                          TS-45

-------
ENERGY

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
ENERGY                                                                      E-l

    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Mul ti-Medi a Energy	 E-5
          Acid Rain	 E-10
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	 E-ll
          Environmental Processes and Effects	 E-12
                                        E-l

-------
                                                  ENERGY
                                 ACTUAL
                                  1987
              BUDGET
             ESTIMATE
               1988
ENACTED
  1988
 CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
  1988              1989 VS 1988
APPROPRIATION
                                          (DOLLARS IN  THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses
 Research & Development

TOTAL, Energy
  $5,500.0   $4,803.7   $5,368.0   $5,368.0   $5,278.3    -$89.7
 $57,136.1  $50,915.1  $50,415.1. $50,252.3  $50,179.2    -$73.1

 $62,636.1  $55,718.8  $55,783.1  $55,620.3  $55,457.5   -$162.8
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
      78.0       82.6      102.6       79.0       74.6      -4.4
      84.1       82.6      102.6       80.6       79.1      -1.5
 $55,652.7  $58,538.5  $55,560.5  $55,398.3  $51,289.9 -$4,108.4
Authorization for Energy Is under the Environmental  Research,  Development
and Demonstration Act which expired September 30, 1981.  Reauthorlzatlon  1s
pending.

-------
                                       ENERGY


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The  multi-media  energy  research  and  development  program   provides   the
scientific Information  necessary to  evaluate  environmental  Impacts  from  and  po-
tential controls on the energy sector (e.g., utilities, Industry, and automobiles).
This research  program  Is  currently  focused on two  Issues:  (1)  reducing scientific
uncertainties  surrounding  the phenomenon  of add  deposition;  and  (2)  developing
and evaluating  Limestone  Injection  Multistage Burner  (LIMB)  control  technologies.

Acid Deposition

     The acid  deposition   research  program  represents the  Agency's part  of  the
National Acid  Precipitation  Assessment  Program   (NAPAP),  mandated  by  the  Energy
Security Act of  1980  (Title VII of P.L. 96-294).   The  purpose  of  this  research 1s
to increase understanding of the causes, effects, and potential  mitigation measures
for add deposition.   With more  reliable  information  available  to policy-makers,
more effective and cost-efficient mitigation decisions should be developed.

     The 1989  research program emphasizes  projects that will  produce  information
for the 1990 NAPAP Assessment Report to Congress  on acid deposition.  Research will
refine emissions  inventories and  air models  on  sulfur  dioxides  (SOg),  nitrogen
oxides (NOX), Volatile Organic Compounds  (VOC), and alkaline materials.  The advanc-
ed version of  the Regional Acid  Deposition  Model  (RADM)  will  be  evaluated,  using
field data, to produce a model that can predict acid deposition levels from changes
in air emission levels.  This  program  will  continue to  support  the  150 station
National Trends  Network  (NTN) which  monitors  wet  deposition  and  will  expand  the
dry deposition  monitoring  network  to  75  operational  stations  with  55  stations
providing first year data.

     Research  into  effects  of  acid  deposition  will  continue   in  the  aquatic,
terrestrial, and material areas.  Research  on  aquatic  effects  will further develop
a national  assessment  on the damage  to aquatic  ecosystems caused by add  deposition.
Emphasis will  be  placed  on  investigating  the  extent, duration, frequency,  and
magnitude of episodic  acidification events and on  the  Watershed  Manipulation Pro-
ject (WMP).   Research  on  terrestrial  effects,  coordinated with  the U.S.  Forest
Service, will  emphasize  research on  evaluating  competing  hypotheses on  the  exact
effects on forests from acid  deposition.  Research  will cover  spruce-fir,  southern
pine, eastern  hardwoods, and western conifer  forests.  The mountain cloud chemistry/
forest exposure  monitoring  network will  continue  to  provide  data.   Research  on
material effects will  focus on  developing  models to determine the  damage  to mater-
ials from add deposition.

     Finally,  research  will  develop  some   "cost  of  controls" to help  evaluate
potential  acid deposition control strategies.

LIMB Control  Technology

     The LIMB  control  technology program is designed to develop,  demonstrate,  and
evaluate effective and Inexpensive  emission control  systems that will   reduce  air
emissions of  sulfur  oxides  (SO*)  and nitrogen  oxides (NOX)  from the flue  gases
of pulverized  coal-fired  boilers.   This  research will provide  data on  the perfor-
mance, reliability,  and  cost-efficiency  to accelerate  commercial  viability  of
retrofit technologies  for coal-fired boilers.

     The 1989  research and development program will emphasize the completion of  the
commercial-scale demonstration of  the wall-fired  LIMB technology  and  prepare  for
the testing  of  the  commercial-scale  demonstration of the tangential-fired  LIMB
technology.
                                        E-3

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    Research
and Development

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
ENERGY
    RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
       Multi-Medla Energy	  E-5
          Ac1 d Ra1 n	  E-10
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	  E-ll
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  E-12
                                       E-4

-------
                                                             ENERGY
                                                       Multl-Media Energy
en

PROGRAM
Acid Rain - Multl -Media
- Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Multl -
Media - Energy
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
TOTAL
Environmental Processes
4 Effects - Multl -
Media - Energy
Research & Development
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Research & Development
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


$4,257.
$49,615.
$53,873.




$1,242.
$7,290.
$8,532.



$230.
$230.

$5.500.
$57,136.


5
8
3




5
3
8



0
0

0
1


$4,726
$50,881
$55,608




$77
$33
$110






$4,803
$50,915


.7
.7
.4




.0
.4
.4






.7
.1


$4,356.
$47,881.
$52,238.




$1,011.
$2,533.
$3,544.






$5,368.
$50,415.


8
7
5




2
4
6






0
1


$4,356.
$47,745.
$52,102.




$1,011.
$2,506.
$3,517.






$5,368.
$50,252.


8
8
6




2
5
7






0
3


$4,245.
$47,745.
$51,990.



.
$1,033.
$2,433.
$3,466.






$5,278.


0
8
8




3
4
7






3
$50,179.2


-$111.8

-$111.8




$22.1
-$73.1
-$51.0






-$89.7
-$73.1
           Multl-Media Energy
TOTAL  $62,636.1  $55,718.8  $55,783.1  $55,620.3  $55,457.5   -$162.8

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                                                  ENERGY
                                            Multi-Media Energy
                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                             1988                  1988
                                         REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                          1989     DECREASE -
                                                 1989 VS 1988
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Acid Rain - Multi-Media
- Energy

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Multl -
Media - Energy

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
57.0
21.0
78.0
63.9
18.7
82.6
 63.9
 38.7
102.6
59.0
20.0
79.0
54.6
20.0
74.6
-4.4
-4.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Add Rain - Multi-Media
- Energy

Environmental
Engineering &
Technology - Multl -
Media - Energy
63.1       63.9       63.9       60.6       59.1      -1.5


21.0       18.7       38.7       20.0       20.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
84.1
82.6      102.6
            80.6
           79.1      -1.5

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                                       ENERGY
                                 Multi -media Energy
                           Principal Outputs by Objective

Objective 1;   Estimate Emissions from Man-made Sources  (Acid Rain)
1989;  o  Report  and computer  tape of  1985 air  emissions inventory on  S02 , NOX,
          VOCS,  and  alkaline  material  for  the  1990   NAPAP  Assessment  Report
1988;  o   Final  1985  air emissions  inventory  on  S02,  NO*,  VOCS, and  alkaline
          material
1987:  o  Preliminary  1985 air emissions  inventory  on  SOg, NOx, VOCS, and alkaline
          material

Objective 2:   Understand Atmospheric Processes  (Acid Rain)
1989;  o   Report  on  the state-of-science  of the  Regional Acid  Deposition Model
          (RADM) with user's guide
1988:  o  Advanced version of RADM developed
1987:  o  Monitoring network established for field evaluation of RADM

Objective 3;   Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases   (Acid Rain)
1989:  o  Expand dry deposition monitoring network by 25 new sites (75 total sites)
          First year data provided by 55 sites
1988:  o  Final report on the Pilot Snowfall Monitoring Study
1987:  o   Dry  deposition  monitoring   network   established with  50  total  sites
Objective 4;   Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects  (Acid Rain)
1989;  o  Report  on  Direct/Delayed Response Program predictions  for the northeast
          and southern Blue Ridge province (Level III)
1988;  o  Report on temporal  chemical  variability in lakes within northeastern U.S.
       o  Regional case studies of surface water response characteristics
       o  Report on the Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern U.S. Stream Survey
1987   o  Report on the Western Lake Survey

Objective 5:   Understand and Quantify Terrestrial  Effects  (Acid Rain)
1989;  o  Report on roles of sulfur and nitrogen in forest decline
1988;  o  Report on seedling exposure studies
       o  Evaluation of  non-air pollution  factors  in  growth reductions and visible
          decline of forests
       o  Evaluation of  the  extent and magnitude  of  changes in  forest  conditions
                                        E-7

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1987:  o  Annual Report on the Forest Response Program
       o  Report on  the 1986  operations  of the  Mountain Cloud Chemistry  Project


Objective 6;   Understand and  Quantify  Materials  and  Cultural  Resource  Effects
               (Acid Rain)

1989;  o   Field study  report  on  add deposition  damage  function for  metallic
          materials

1988:  o  Report on  field  verification of the acid  deposition  damage  function for
          galvanized steel

1987;  o  Report on  the laboratory study of acid deposition damage  mechanisms for
          galvanized steel


Objective 7;   Evaluate Control Technologies  (Add  Rain)

1989;  o   Report  on  site-specific  performance  cost  estimates  of S02  and  NOx
          controls  from 200 coal -fired power plants  in the eastern  U.S.
       o  Update on  "generic costs"  of reducing S02,  NOX,  and VOC air emissions

1988:  o   Interim  Report on  site-specific  performance  cost  estimates  of  S02 and
              controls  from  50  coal-fired  power   plants  1n  the  eastern  U.S.
1987;  o  Report  on  site-specific performance  cost  estimates of SO? and  NOx  con-
          trols from 12 coal-fired power plants in Ohio, Kentucky and the Tennessee
          Valley Authority system


Objective 8:   Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology       (Env Engineering)

1989;  o  Report on a  commercial -scale demonstration of the  wall -fired  LIMB tech-
          nology on controlling  S02  and NOX air emissions  from  coal -fired utility
          boilers
       o  Report on a  pilot-scale  characterization  of the  E-SOx  process  to control
          S02 air emissions in retrofit coal -fired applications
       o  Report on fundamental  studies to  enhance the  LIMB process  to control  S02
          air emissions 1n retrofit coal-fired applications

1988:  o  Report on the technical  and  economic  feasibility of the E-SOX  process to
          control SOX air emissions from existing coal-fired boilers
       o  Initiate testing of  LIMB on a  pilot-scale  tangential-fired  prototype
          (60 megawatt) boiler

1987   o  Report on the commercialization requirements for  LIMB


Objective 9:  Evaluate Impacts of Energy Development in Cold Climates (Env  Process)

1987   o  Final report on Cold Climate research program
                                        E-8

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                                       ENERGY


                                 Multi-media Energy
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $55,457,500 supported  by  79.1 total  workyears
for 1989,  a decrease  of  $162,800 and  1.5  total  workyears  from  1988.    Of  the
request,  $5,278,300   will   be  for   the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation and
$50,179,200 will  be for  the  Research and  Development  appropriation, a  decrease
of $89,700 and $73,100, respectively.

Program Description

     The multi-media energy research and development program provides the scientific
Information necessary to evaluate environmental Impacts from and potential  controls
on the  energy  sector  (e.g.,  utilities,  industry,  and automobiles).   Research  is
currently focused on two Issues:  (1)  reducing scientific uncertainties surrounding
acid deposition;  and  (2)  developing and evaluating  Limestone  Injection Multistage
Burner  (LIMB)  control  technologies.   Research  on the first issue  1s coordinated
with the  Interagency  Task  Force  of   the  National  Add Precipitation  Assessment
Program (NAPAP).  Research  on  this  Issue will  emphasize  Information  needed for the
1990 NAPAP Assessment  Report  to Congress.   The second research  issue  1s  conducted
in conjunction with the Department  of  Energy,  which  is responsible for the Federal
Clean Coal Technology Program.  The following objectives define the Agency's energy
research and development activities:

     Objective 1. Estimate Emissions from  Man-made  Sources.  This  research  will
improve the understandingof  the  amount   of  and  relationships  among  acid-forming
air emissions resulting from man's activities.

     Objective 2. Understand  Atmospheric  Processes.   This research will   Improve
the capability to examine  and predict  the transport,  chemical  transformation, and
deposition processes of air masses.

     Objective 3. Establish Deposition Monitoring  Data Bases.    This research will
quantify wet and dry acid  deposition levels  to establish trends, provide  inputs to
effects studies, and provide information for  statistical  analyses on source/receptor
relationships.

     Objective 4. Understand  and  Quantify  Aquatic  Effects.   This research  will
quantify theimpactsof  acidification on representative  aquatic ecosystems  and
will  develop appropriate mitigation techniques.

     Objective 5. Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects.   This research  will
quantify the extent of acid deposition effects on plants (I.e., crops and  forests),
develop quantitative cause  and  effect  relationships, and predict the effects under
alternative deposition level scenarios.

     Objective 6. Understand and Quantify  Materials and Cultural Resource Effects.
This  research will determine how materials are incrementally damaged from acid de-
positlon.  This  includes  determining  the  materials  at  risk  and  differentiating
the effects of acid deposition from those  of other sources of pollution.

     Objective 7. Evaluate Control  Technologies.  This research  will develop "cost
of control" data to help  evaluate  alternative add deposition  control  strategies.
This includes analyzing  selected engineering  technologies, their  performance and
their costs.
                                       E-9

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     Objective 8. Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology.  This research will
develop and evaluate air emission control technologies that will remove sulfur oxides
(SO*) and nitrogen  oxides  (NOX)  from flue gases of  pulverized  coal-fired  boilers.


ACID RAIN


1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $51,990,800 supported by  59.1  total  workyears
for this  research,   of  which  $4,245,000 will  be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation and $47,745,800  will  be for the Research  and  Development appropria-
tion.  This represents  a decrease  of $111,800 1n the Salaries and  Expenses  appro-
priation and a decrease  of  1.5 total  workyears  from 1988.  These decreases reflect
completion of some  projects within the terrestrial  and  aquatics effects  research
areas.

     Estimate  Emissions  from  Man-made  Sources.     This  research  will   produce
estimates of major  atmospheric acid-forming  emissions  resulting  from man's activi-
ties and the relationships  among these  emissions.   In  1989,  research will  Include:
(1) further development of  air emission  inventories  and  (2)  further development  of
a1r models  specific to  major source-sectors  (e.g.,  utilities)  to help  evaluate
policy options and  control  strategies.   This research will inventory data on SOX,
NOX, VOCs, and  alkaline material  air emissions for  the  Regional  Acid Deposition
Model (RADM)  and  for  determining  trends in  air  emissions  from  1985 to  1990.

     Understand Atmospheric Processes.  This  research will  improve  understanding
of atmospheric processes  Involved  in acid  deposition.    Major  areas   of  emphasis
will be on transport, physical and chemical  transformation, and deposition process-
es of acid-forming  pollutants in the atmosphere.   Field data will  be collected and
air models evaluated to  better differentiate the contribution  of local  vs. distant
sources of  acid-forming emissions.   Knowledge  of  atmospheric  processes  coupled
with predictive  models  will  enable  policy  officials  to  assess  acid  deposition
levels from changes  in  air  emissions.  In 1989, research  will  Include: (1)  sensi-
tivity testing of the advanced version  of RADM using monitoring  data bases and (2)
evaluation and refinement of RADM using field data.

     Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Bases.  This research  will quantify  wet
and dry deposition levels of acid-forming pollutants  in the  air  to  establish cause
and effect relationships of acid  deposition.  In 1989, research  will  Involve:  (1)
further quantification  of  wet and  dry  deposition  levels  for  effects  studies  and
for evaluating  air  models;  (2)  maintenance of the . 150  station  National  Trends
Network (NTN) for measuring wet add deposition; and (3)  operation of 75 dry depos-
ition monitoring  sites  to  develop base data and  trends   on dry  deposition levels.
In 1989, 75 dry deposition  stations  will  be  operational  with 55 stations producing
first year data.

     Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects.  This research will begin to integrate
Information todevelopa   nationalassessment   of  the   damage  to  aquatic  eco-
systems caused by acid  deposition.   In  1989, research  will involve  refining  estim-
ates of aquatic  ecosystem   effects  by examining the  chemistry  of  small lakes  and
streams not included in the National  Surface Water Survey (NSWS).   This refinement
will include examining  the  Importance  of natural  processes in  acidifying  surface
waters.  A system for classifying surface waters at risk  or damaged by acid deposi-
tion will  be developed.  Such a system,  which  predicts the number and area of sur-
face waters on a regional scale which could acidify under various scenarios,  should
help policy officials  understand how changes in add  deposition  levels  could cause
changes to aquatic life.  Regional  rates of recovery that might result from changes
in acid deposition levels will also  provide  information  for  the  1990 NAPAP Assess-
ment Report.
                                        E-10

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     Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects.  This research will  focus  on how
plants, primarily  trees,  respond  chemically  arid  physically  to  acid  deposition
through soils and surface waters.   In 1989,  research will  focus on resolving compet-
ing hypotheses on  forest damage  by: (1) determining the  extent and  magnitude  of
observed changes  in  forests; (2) determining  forest  areas  sensitive  to  increased
atmospheric deposition  levels;  (3)   conducting controlled  exposure studies  in the
laboratory and at  field sites;  (4)  monitoring and analyzing  cloud  chemistry, pre-
cipitation and gaseous  pollutants at high and low elevations;  and  (5) determining
linkages between aquatic and terrestrial systems.  Research  will be carried  out on
spruce/fir, southern pine, eastern hardwoods, and weste'rn conifer forests.

     Understand and Quantify the Effects on Materials and Cultural  Resources.  This
research will focus on  how materials  are incrementally damaged from acid deposition.
In 1989, major activities  include:   (1) developing models to determine  the  damage
to paint from acid deposition;  (2)  assessing  the effects  of  acid deposition  on the
service life of materials;  and  (3)  identifying the micro/macro  effects of acid de-
position on specific coating systems.

     Evaluate Control Technologies.   This research will develop  "cost  of controls"
data to help  evaluate  acid deposition  control  strategies.  Primary research will
continue to assess the  engineering  applicability and  costs of control  technologies
on acid-forming air  pollutants.  Site-specific  cost  estimates  from the  "top 200"
coal -fired power  plants in the 31  state eastern  region  will be  completed.  Then
the "generic costs"  of reducing  $03,  NOx,  and VOC air emissions will be updated.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating a total   of  $52,102,600 supported by 60.6
total workyears for  this research,  of  which $4,356,800  is  from the  Salaries and
Expenses appropriation  and $47,745,800  is  from the Research  and Development  appro-
priation.

     In 1988, this  research  is  completing several projects,  including an advanced
version of the Regional  Acid  Deposition Model (RADM  II), the final  1985  air emis-
sions data base and  inventory,  the  final  report on the  Pilot  Snowfall  Monitoring
Study, and a report  on  the  Mid-Atlantic/Southeastern  U.S.  Stream Survey.  In addi-
tion, work will  continue  on evaluating  the extent  and magnitude  of  changes  in
forest conditions, as  well  as on developing  site-specific cost estimates for re-
ducing SOj and NOx air emissions.
1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a total of $53,873,300  supported  by 63.1 total
workyears for this research, of which $4,257,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $49,615,800 was from the Research  and Development appropriation.

     During 1987,  the  acid deposition  research  program  installed  a  monitoring
network for  field  evaluation of  RADM and  expanded  the dry  deposition monitoring
network to Include 50 sites.   A report on the Western  Lake Survey  was  produced as
well as  a  report on  the  Mountain Cloud Chemistry  Project.  Finally, a  report on
site-specific cost estimates  of  $03 and  NOX controls from  12 coal-fired  power
plants was produced.
                                       E-ll

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $3,466,700 supported by 20 total workyears, for
this research, of which $1,033,300 will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,433,400  will  be  for the Research and  Development  appropriation.  This
represents an increase  of $22,100  in the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation for a
general enhancement of in-house support of the LIMB research program.  The decrease
of $73,100  in  the Research  and Development appropriation  reflects completion  of
some combustion engineering  tests of  a small  prototype  tangential-fired  furnace.

Develop and Evaluate LIMB Control Technology.

     Research will  involve  activities  in  four  primary areas:   (1)  pilot-scale
testing of  LIMB processes;   (2)  commercial-scale  demonstration  of the  wall-fired
boiler technology;  (3)  commercial-scale  demonstration  of  the  tangential-fired
boiler technology; and  (4) analysis of  waste characteristics  and disposal  from the
commercial-scale demonstration of the tangential-fired boiler technology.

     In 1989, pilot-scale testing will   be  broadened  to  improve SOX and NOX removal
efficiency and  cost  effectiveness plus  improve  sorbent  and  humidification  effic-
iency.  Research on the commercial-scale demonstration of the wall-fired technology
will be completed  and  documented.   Research on  the  commercial-scale demonstration
of the tangential-fired boiler technology will  complete a small boiler test to pro-
vide engineering design and  construction  parameters for  the  full  scale demonstra-
tion.  The LIMB commercial-scale demonstrations  are jointly funded  by the Federal
government and the utility industry.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating  a total  of $3,517,700 and 20 total workyears
for this research, of which  $1,011,200 is from the Salaries and Expenses appropria-
tion and $2,506,500 is from  the Research and Development appropriation.

     In 1988, research  includes: (1)  testing of LIMB processes on  a  pilot-scale;
(2) testing  of  high  activity  sorbent  injection  and  mixing  characteristics;  (3)
testing a  commercial-scale  demonstration  of the  wall-fired  boiler technology  at
the Edgewater station  of Ohio Edison;  (4)  determining  engineering characteristics
to design a  commercial-scale demonstration  of the tangential-fired boiler techno-
logy; and (5) monitoring and evaluating waste  characteristics and disposal techni-
ques at the  commercial-scale wall-fired demonstration.   The Department of  Energy
will provide $5,000,000 to  support the commercial-scale  demonstration  of  the tan-
gential-fired boiler technology.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $8,532,800  supported  by  21 total
workyears for this research,  of which $1,242,500 was from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation and $7,290,300 was from  the  Research  and  Development appropriation.

     In 1987, the  Agency  conducted laboratory and pilot-scale  research, prototype
testing, commercial-scale evaluation of the wall-fired  boiler technology,  and com-
mercial-scale planning of the  tangential-fired boiler technology.   The commercial-
scale demonstration of the wall-fired technology was started and S02 and NOx remov-
al objectives were  met.   A  report  on  the  commercialization "requirements  for LIMB
was issued.
                                       E-12

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS


1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests no resources for this research in 1989 since this research
was completed in 1987.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency did  not  allocate any  resources  for this  research  since
this research was completed in 1987.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  $230,000 for  this  research,  all of which was from
the Research and Development appropriation.

     In 1987, the Agency concluded research on assessing the impacts of oil  and gas
development on coastal tundra wetlands.  Projects completed were on the: (1) health
effects of urban air  particulates  (wood  smoke);  (2)  air dispersion modeling in the
artic; and (3) ecological impacts of placer mining.
                                        E-13

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MANAGEMENT
AND SUPPORT

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT                                                        MS-1

    PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
       Program Management.	  MS-8
          Program Management - Air & Radiation	  MS-12
          Program Management - Water	MS-13
          Program Management - Enforcement 4 Compliance Monitoring	MS-13
          Program Management - External  Affairs	MS-14
          Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	  MS-15
          Program Management - General  Counsel	MS-15
          Program Management - Research & Development	  MS-16
          Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response	  MS-17
    AGENCY MANAGEMENT
       Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices	MS-19
          Immediate Office of the Administrator	  MS-24
          Office of Regional Operations.....	MS-25
          Office of Executive Support	  MS-25
          Administrator's Representation Fund	  MS-26
          Office of International Activities	  MS-26
          Office of Civil Rights	  MS-27
          Sci ence Advi sory Board	  MS-28
          Office of Administrative Law Judges	MS-29
          Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization	  MS-29
       Office of Inspector General	  MS-31
          Office of Inspector General	-MS-32
       Office of General Counsel	  MS-34
          General Counsel	  MS-35
       Office of External Affairs	  MS-37
          Office of Legislative Analysis	  MS-41
          Office of Congressional Liaison	  MS-42
          Office of Public Affairs	  MS-42
          Office of Community and Intergovernmental  Relations	  MS-43
          Office of Federal Activities	  MS-43
       Office of Policy, Planning & Evaluation	MS-45
          Program Management - Policy, Planning & Evaluation	  MS-49
          Integrated Environmental Management Program....	  MS-49
          Office of Policy Analysis	  MS-50
          Office of Standards & Regulations	MS-52
          Office of Management Systems & Evaluation	  MS-53
       Office of Administration & Resources Management	MS-55
          Program Management - Administration	  MS-60
          Financial Management - Headquarters	MS-61
          Office of the Comptroller	  MS-61
          Contracts & Grants Management	MS-62
          Personnel & Organization Services	  MS-63
          Facilities & Management Services	MS-64
          Information Systems & Services	  MS-65
          Administrative Management - Title III	MS-65
          Office of Human Resources Management	  MS-66
                                        MS-1

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT

   REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
       Regional Management	  MS-69
          Resource Management - Regions 	  MS-72
          Financial Management - Regions	MS-73
          Personnel Management - Regions	  MS-73
          Administrative Management - Regions	MS-74
          Regional Management	  MS-75
          Regional Counsel	  MS-75
          Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions....'	  MS-76
   SUPPORT COSTS
       Support Costs	  MS-79
          Professional Training	  MS-82
          Nationwide Support Services	  MS-82
          Headquarters Support Services	  MS-83
          Regional Support Services	  MS-83
          Automated Data Processing Support Costs	  MS-84
          Automated Data Processing Support - Title  III	MS-85
          Lab Support - Research & Development	  MS-85
          Lab Support - Air & Radiation	MS-86
          Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	  MS-86
                                       MS-2

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APPROPRIATION
                                          MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Salaries & Expenses

TOTAL, Program Management
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$320,185.4 $334,058.0 $332,075.0 $332,075.0 $354,130.0  $22,055.0

$320,185.4 $334,058.0 $332,075.0 $332,075.0 $354,130.0  $22,055.0
   2,744.4    2,611.0    2,657.3    2,631.0    2,684.1       53.1
   2,794.3    2,822.0    2,850.7    2,850.7    2,854.7     '   4.0
$286,091.4 $352,589.9 $350,012.7 $350,102.7 $359,759.9   $9,747.2
Authorization Is by virtue of the Appropriation Act.

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     Management and  Support  provides  executive direction and policy  oversight for
all Agency programs, as well  as  those  administrative and  support  services .that are
not assigned to a specific program.  We will continue our.efforts to provide  quality
legal services,  promote  technically  and  economically defensible  regulatory  and
policy alternatives,  enhance  the public's  perception and understanding  of  the
Agency's-goals,  manage  for environmental results, and  pursue  a focused  human  re-
sources management  effort to build  a  skilled  career  environmental   workforce.

     The major components of this medium are Program Management, Agency  Management,
Regional Management, and Support Costs.

     Program Management includes  policy  development, program development  and  over-
sight, and  the associated  management activities  for  the  Agency's  environmental
program offices.  These include the Offices of Air and Radiation, Water,  Enforcement
and Compliance  Monitoring,  External   Affairs,  Pesticides  and  Toxic  Substances,
General Counsel, Research  and Development, and  Solid Waste  and  Emergency  Response.

     Agency Management  includes   Agencywide   management   functions  and   policy
activities.

     Policy Direction, through the Executive  Offices at Headquarters,  consists of
the Administrator  and  Deputy  Administrator  and their  immediate  staffs, Regional
Operations, Executive Support,  Administrator's Representation  Fund,  International
Activities, Civil  Rights,  Science Advisory Board,  Administrative  Law  Judges,  and
Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization.

     Policy, Planning and  Evaluation  is organized  into the following  components:
the Integrated Environmental  Management Program and the Offices  of  Policy  Analysis,
Standards and Regulations, and Management Systems  and Evaluation.

     Legal Services for litigation in  which the Agency is a defendant are provided
to Agency programs by the General Counsel in Headquarters  and by a  Regional  Counsel
in each Regional office.   The Office  of General Counsel  (OGC)  provides legal  ser-
vices and advice to the Administrator and Agency managers.  OGC. in cooperation with
the Department of  Justice, represents  the  Agency  in  all  legal matters in  which the
Agency is a defendant.  Additionally,  OGC  reviews  proposed  actions,  decisions, and
regulations to assure that they are  legally defensible.

     External    Affairs   activities   are  performed  by  five   component  offices:
Legislative Analysis, Congressional  Liaison,  Public Affairs,  Office of  Community
and Intergovernmental Liaison, and Federal  Activities.

     Inspector  General   activities   include   investigation and  audit  of Agency
activities to  promote  efficiency and  effectiveness,  and  to  prevent  and detect
fraud, waste,  and abuse.

     Administration and  Resources Management   provides  management  activities  in
Headquarters,  as well as  administrative  services  to  all  program operations  located
in Cincinnati, Ohio  and  Research Triangle  Park,  North Carolina.   The  office  has
several components:  Program  Management, Financial  Management, Comptroller,  Per-
sonnel and Organization,  Contracts and Grants,  Facilities and Management  Services,
Information Systems and Services, and  Human Resources Management.

     Regional  Management  includes the  centralized  management  and  administrative
functions performed  in  each  Regional   office.   The  Regional   elements cover  the
Regional and Deputy  Regional  Administrators,  their immediate staffs, and Regional
staff for public affairs, congressional  and intergovernmental relations,  and  civil


                                         MS-4

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rights.  Other  activities Include  budget development  and  execution,  preparation
of Regional  operating  plans,  legal  services,  program planning,  regulatory  and
policy analysis,  economic analysis,  program evaluation,  financial and  personnel
management, Information   management,  administration   of   Freedom of  Information
Requests, and facilities and property management.

     Support Costs Include the  costs  of general support  services for all  Agency
programs.  In this diverse category are:

     0 Office and building services, such as library services, commercial  telephone
       use, printing and  copying,  utilities,  security,   ADP technical  support, and
       custodial and  maintenance services  for  programs  located  at  Headquarters,
       Research Triangle Park, and Cincinnati;

     * Nationwide costs,  such  as facility rental costs, centralized  data process-
       ing, professional  training,  U.S. Postal  Service charges.  Federal  Telecom-
       munications System (FTS)  charges,  unemployment and  workmen's  compensation,
       and health  and  safety  costs  for  all  Agency  programs  in all  locations;

     0 Office and  building  services for  laboratories  and  field  stations  operated
       by the Offices  of Air and  Radiation,  Research and  Development, and  Pesti-
       cides and Toxic Substances; and

   •  ° Common  services  in   Regional   offices,   such  as  supplies  and  equipment,
       commercial telephones,  printing,  facilities  operations  and  maintenance,
       library services, and mini-computer operations.


Program Priorities

     Priorities for the Executive Offices in 1989 will  include:  continued emphasis
on enforcement and compliance efforts for both environmental arid civil  rights regu-
lations; stronger  support from  Headquarters  and .Regions to small, minority,  and
women's environmental businesses; bringing greater scientific credibility to regula-
tory decision-making through an emphasis on reviews by  the  Science Advisory  Board;
more effective communication  between Headquarters and the Regions; continued support
for technology transfer and  technical  information exchange between EPA Headquarters,
Regions, States local government and industry; and continued international  environ-
mental Activities with emphasis on global and regional  air pollution issues such as
global climate change and acid precipitation.

     The Office of Policy, Planning and  Evaluation will  continue to emphasize risk
reduction and the targetting  of resources  to  projects that support the  program
offices in developing and deploying the concept  of risk in  the Regions and States.
It wil.l undertake an  ambitious  program to ensure that the  Regions  and States have*
the necessary tools to practice environmental planning and management from the most
practical, cross-media, and  risk-based perspective possible.  It will  develop tools
for assessing and reducing ecological  risk and communicating risk inside and outside
of EPA.  The office's  major  commitment to evaluating global  climate  change  issues
also will continue as  it seeks to address deficiencies  in  the existing science and
analytical framework  so  that  policy  options  can  be  understood  and  weighed.

     The Office of General Counsel  will continue to provide legal advice and coun-
sel to  the Agency's  top management  and media program offices concerning  legal
interpretation of EPA  administered statutes,  other applicable  laws,  and on such
matters as personnel,  grants,  and contracts.  Additionally,  the  Office of General
Counsel will continue to  represent  the  Agency in all  major  regulatory actions, and
ensure that legal errors  are avoided  and legal  positions  are presented in the most
persuasive manner.
                                        MS-5

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     The Office of External Affairs will continue to provide a clear interpretation
of EPA's programs  and  priorities;  increase Agency effectiveness by  improving  Con-
gressional  liaison;  continue  effective liaison  with  State and  local  governments;
establish outreach programs with the private and  public  sector  and involve citizen
participation; reaffirm and strengthen  Federal Agency contacts; and provide a cross-
media perspective in review of environmental problems.

     The Office of Inspector General will continue to emphasize internal and manage-
ment audits to  improve  the economy, effectiveness, and efficiency  of  EPA programs
and provide audit coverage to  EPA programs  and operations which have received little
or no aidit coverage in the past.   It  will provide limited audit  coverage for the
wastewater treatment construction  grant program and EPA contracts  and other grant
programs.  The office  will continue its investigation of  antitrust activities and
other constructIon-related  fraud  and  will  aggressively  pursue  new  initiatives to
ferret out fraud  in EPA-funded  contracts.   It will  further  its efforts  in fraud
prevention by publicizing its activities to EPA employees,  identifying  areas sensi-
tive to fraud, and developing new fraud detection methods.

     The Office of Administration and  Resources Management will  continue to assure
a strong system of financial  internal   controls,  including  work  toward Integration
and improvement of all Agency financial management and accounting systems; continue
developing a  program  for  better   information  management  planning,  particularly
between EPA and States; continue improvements in contracts administration; pursue a
focused hunan resources management  effort  to  build a  skilled  career environmental
workforce;  continue  to achieve  significant  productivity  improvements;  continue
to provide essential  administrative and support  services to enhance  the Agency's
ability to  fulfill  its  various  mandates  and  pursue  the privatization  effort.

     In the Regional management  areas,  the Agency will continue its commitment to
strengthen Regional  environmental  programs and maintain  strong Regional  planning
and management efforts.  Development of State/EPA data management  plans to improve
efficiency and reliability  of methods  for  sharing environmental data  will  receive
priority attention.

     In Support, the program  will  continue to provide general  support services to
Agency programs.   This  request will also  enable the Agency to  continue its effort
to replace obsolete  computers in the  Regional  offices,  as well as  cover  cost es-
calations such as rent, telephone,  and utility rate increases.
                                        MS-6

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Program Management

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT

    PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
       Program Management	  MS-8
          Program Management - A1r & Radiation	  MS-12
          Program Management - Water	MS-13
          Program Management - Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring	  MS-13
          Program Management - External  Affairs	MS-14
          Program Management - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	MS-15
          Program Management - General  Counsel	  MS-15
          Program Management - Research & Development	  MS-16
          Program Management - Solid Waste & Emergency Response	MS-17
                                        MS-7

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                                                        PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
                                                        Program Management
                                             ACTUAL
                                              1987
                                           BUDGET
                                          ESTIMATE
                                            1988
                    ENACTED
                      1938
                    CURRENT    REQUEST    INCREASE +
                   ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                      1988               1989 VS 1988
            PROGRAM
                                                      (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
CO
            Program Management -
            Air And Radiation
             Salaries & Expenses
             Program Management -
             Mater
              Salaries  *  Expenses
Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring
 Salaries A Expenses
             Program Management -
             External Affairs
              Salaries & Expenses
             Program Management -
             Pesticides and Toxic
             Substances
              Salaries £ Expenses
             Program Management -
             General Counsel
              Salaries & Expenses
                                $2,986.6    $3,214.8    $2,962.3    $2,962.3    $2,991.9
                        TOTAL   $2,986.6    $3,214.8    $2,962.3    $2,962.3    $2,991.9
                                $2,812.2   $3,077.2    $2,684.8    $2,684.8    $2,859.3
                        TOTAL   $2,812.2   $3.077.2    $2,684.8    $2,684.8    $2,859.3
                                     TOTAL
                                     TOTAL
$472.1
$472.1
                                  $628.6
                                  $628.6
$485.6
$485.6
           $714.3
           $714.3
$478.9
$478.9
           $687.5
           $687.5
$478.9
$478.9
           $687.5
           $687.5
                                     TOTAL
                                  $453.8
                                  $453.8
           $509.8
           $509.8
           $489.8
           $489.8
           $489.8
           $489.8
$478.9
$478.9
           $718.5
           $718.5
                                $2,097.9   $2,472.1   $2,387.4 '  $2,387.4   $2,477.7
                        TOTAL   $2,097.9   $2,472.1   $2,387.4   $2,387.4   $2,477.7
           $489.8
           $489.8
                                                      $29.6
                                                      $29.6
                                                      $174.5
                                                      $174.5
           $31.0
           $31.0
                                                       $90.3
                                                       $90.3

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I
IO
                                                         PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
                                                         Program Management
                                              ACTUAL
                                                1987
                    BUDGET
                   ESTIMATE
                     1988
       ENACTED
          1988
       CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
      ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
        1988              1989 VS 1988
              Program Management -
              Research &  Development
               Salaries & Expenses
              Program Management -
              Solid Haste and
              Emergency Response
               Salaries & Expenses
              TOTAL:
               Salaries & Expenses

              Program Management
              PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                        (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)
        $5.003.1   $4,024.2   $3,903.7   $3,903.7   $4,041.0    $137.3
TOTAL   $5,003.1   $4,024.2   $3,903.7   $3,903.7   $4,041.0    $137.3
        $1,870.7   $1,725.1   $1,670.4   $1,670.4   $1,696.5     $26.1
TOTAL   $1,870.7   $1,725.1   $1,670.4   $1,670.4   $1,696.5     $26.1


       $16,325.0  $16,223.1  $15,264.8  $15,264.8  $15,753.6    $488.8

TOTAL  $16,325.0  $16,223.1  $15,264.8  $15,264.8  $15,753.6    $488.8
              Program Management -
              Air And Radiation

              Program Management -
              Water

              Program Management -
              Enforcement And
              Compliance Monitoring

              Program Management -
              External Affairs

              Program Management -
              Pesticides and Toxic
              Substances
            45.1
            42.9
              7.6
              9.6
             33.2
46.8
46.4
 9.0
11.7
43.3
46.8
46.4
 9.0
11.7
43.3
46.8
45.9
 9.0
11.7
43.1
46.8
45.9
 9.0
11.7
42.9
-.2

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                                            PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
                                            Program Management

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                             1988                  1988
                                         REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                           1989      DECREASE -
                                                  1989 VS 1988
Program Management -
General Counsel

Program Management -
Research & Development

Program Management -
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
       (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)

  8.7       10.5       10.5
 50.9
 32.2
 54.5
 30.0
 54.5
 30.0
                                                                      8.2
 53.8
 29.6
                                  10.5
 54.5
 29.6
                                  2.3
 .7
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
230.2
252.2
252.2
248.1
250.9
2.8
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Air And Radiation

Program Management -
Water

Program Management -
Enforcement And
Compliance Monitoring

Program Management -
External  Affairs

Program Management -
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances

Program Management  -
General Counsel
 47.7
 46.1
  8.6
 10.7
 34.5
  in.o
 46.8
 46.4
  9.0
 11.7
 43.3
  10.5
 46.8
 46.4
  9.0
 11.7
 43.3
  10.5
 46.8
 45.9
  9.0
 11.7
 43.1
  10.5
 46.8
 45.9
  9.0
 11.7
 42.9
  10.5
-.2

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                                            PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
                                            Program Management

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


Program Management -                53.2       54.5       54.5       53.8       54.5        .7
Research « Development

Program Management -                35.8       30.0       30.0       29.6       29.6
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response


TOTAL WORKYEARS                    246.6      252.2      252.2      250.4      250.9        .5

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                                MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT


                                 Program Management
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $15,753,600  supported  by 250.9 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $488,800 and of  .5  total  workyears from 1988.   All  of the
request is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     The Program  Management  component  provides  resources  for Assistant  Admini-
strators, Office  Directors  and their  immediate  staffs  for  eight of  EPA's  major
offices: Air and  Radiation,  Water,  Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, External
Affairs, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, General Counsel, Research and Development,
and Solid  Waste  and  Emergency  Response.    Resources  provide  for formulation  of
overall management and programmatic policy,  and  centralized planning  and budgeting
activities.  Also includes the  coordination  and  integration of programs throughout
the Agency as  well  as performing liaison activities  with  Congress, the  Office of
Management and Budget and other Federal  agencies and States.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - AIR AND RADIATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $2,991,900  supported  by 46.8 total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase  of  $29,600  in the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation
and no  change  in total workyears.  The  increase reflects  increased  operating and
support costs.    Major program  emphases  will  continue to  be  implementation  of
the Clean  Air  Act  Amendments  of  1977, the Atomic Energy  Act,  the Uranium Mill
Tailings Radiation  Control   Act,  and development of  major  decisions  related  to
these acts.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is allocating a  total of $2,962,300 supported by 46.8 total
workyears for this program,  all of  which is from the  Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation.  This  program  provides  management  support  for  implementation  of  the
Clean Air Act,  the Atomic Energy Act, and the Uranium Mill Tailings  Radiation Control
Act.  Key activities  include: executive  management,  program planning  and analysis,
resource management, and budget development.  Administrative support to  Office of
Air and Radiation (OAR) programs is  also provided.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the  Agency  obligated  $2,986,600  for this  program supported by 47.7
workyears, all   of which was from  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.   The
program provided  executive  management,  program planning  and  analysis,  budget,
and administrative support  to OAR programs.
                                       MS-12

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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - HATER

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $2,859,300  supported by 45.9  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $174,500 from 1988 and no change in total workyears.
The increase provides a full year of  support for the  Office  of Wetlands Protection
created in 1987 as well as increased operating costs.

     The 1989 request supports the development of national policy and implementation
of the national regulatory programs for the Water Quality and Drinking Water media.
Specific activities include:  management of the Office  of Water operating guidance
and accountability  system;  development of program plans  and budget  for  implemen-
tation of  Agency policies; development  of legislative initiatives  and directions
and review of  regulations  and program policies;  support to Agency geographic init-
iatives for cross-media regulatory control and environmental results management; and
tracking of budget execution and administrative management.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $2,684,800 supported  by 45.9
total workyears, all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  The
program continues to  focus in  1988  on the  implementation  of  the reauthorized Clean
Water Act.   Activities such  as  long-range  planning and policy analysis,  budget
development  and  execution,   and  administrative  management   will  remain ongoing
activities.


1987 Accompli shments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated $2,812,200  supported by 46.1  total workyears,
all of which  was from  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   These  resources
provided for  executive management,  policy and  long-range  planning  and  analysis,
and budget and administrative  support for programs  within  the  Office  of Water.
Work continued   on   the  implementation  of the  reauthorized  Clean Water  Act and
the Safe Drinking Water Act.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $478,900 supported by 9.0  total  workyears for
this program,  all  of which  will  be  for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988.

     This request  will  be used  to  provide  basic  administrative,  financial  and
management services to the Office of  Enforcement  and Compliance Monitoring.  These
functions include:    program  planning, personnel  management,  budgeting,  financial
management, management  analysis  and  administrative  services.   The  resources will
also be used to continue to provide support and  oversight of the management opera-
tions of the  National  Enforcement  Investigations  Center  (NEIC).   These  resources
will also provide support to perform budget formulation and execution for the legal
enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.


1988 Program

     In  1988, the   Agency  is  allocating a total  of $478,900  supported  by 9.0
total workyears for  this  program, all of  which  is from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.
                                      MS-13

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     This program provides program direction and  management  support for the Office
of Enforcement  and  Compliance  Monitoring  (OECM).  In  addition to  supporting the
Assistant Administrator, it includes the OECM management operations functions.  The
Management Operations staff is responsible for the internal program  planning, budget
formulation, financial  management,  and  administrative  operations  for  the entire
Office of Enforcement  and  Compliance  Monitoring as well as  budget  formulation and
execution for the enforcement functions of the ten Regional Counsels.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  $472,100 supported  by 8.6  total  workyears for
this program,  all   of  which  was  from the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.

     In 1987, this  program provided basic managerial  support for program planning,
personnel, budget, financial management, and administrative support services to the
Assistant Administrator.   In  addition,  budget  formulation support  was provided to
the NEIC, Regional  Legal  Enforcement,  and the  expanding  and  increasingly  visible
Criminal Investigation program.  In 1987, emphasis  on improving management systems
continued.  Many of these systems  were automated to  provide  more  consistent and
timely information  for use in enforcement management.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $718,500  supported by 11.7  total  workyears,
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an  increase of  $31,000  and no  change  in total  workyears from  1988.
The increase  will   provide  for increased operating  costs.   In 1989, this office
will continue  the   full  coordination  of  the  staff  offices  in External  Affairs;
provide the  necessary  oversight,  management,  planning,  and  support  services  to
these staff offices;  and  support  the  Administrator and Assistant Administrators in
coordinating, representing and  communicating the Agency's programs and policies to
the Congress, the public,  other government entities,  and  the  news media,  as well
as involving the Congress,  public,  government  entities  and  the news media in pro-
viding input into the Agency's policies.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the   Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $687,500  supported  by 11.7
total workyears  for this  program,  all  of which is from the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.  Continued  emphasis  is  placed  on  strengthening  strategies  and
procedures for  communicating  better   with  outside  groups  by  informing   affected
parties in a timely manner about EPA actions and the decisions  and  risks the Agency
must face.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a  total  of  $628,600  supported  by  10.7  total
workyears for  this   program,  all  of  which  was from  the  Salaries  and   Expenses
appropriation.   In  1987,  the  office  worked  to  enhance a process  to communicate
more effectively with  the public and outside  groups.   This  program element also
provided the management  resources  and administrative support  necessary to support
the Office of External Affairs and staff offices.
                                        MS-14

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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT-- PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $2,477,700  supported  by 42.9 total  workyears
for this program,   all  of  which will  be  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appro-
priation.  This  represents  an increase  of  $90,300 and  a  decrease .2 total  work-
years from 1988.

     These increased operating  costs will fully support the Biotechnology  Science
Advisory Committee as  well  as  support  senior level  management of the  Pesticides
and Toxic Substances  program and the  Immediate  Office  of the Assistant Adminis-
trator for Pesticides  and Toxic  Substances.  Key  activities  include:   efficient
and effective general  management, strategic planning,  and administrative and budget
support.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $2,387,400 supported  by  43.1
total workyears,  all  of  which is  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
These resources  provide senior level  management of the  Pesticides and Toxic  Sub-
stances programs  and the Immediate  Office  of  the  Assistant Administrator  for
Pesticides and Toxic Substances  with support  as  well as  partially  funding,  along
with the Office  of Research  and  Development,  the  activities of the  Biotechnology
Science Advisory Committee.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency obligated  a  total   of $2,097,900  supported by  34.5 total
workyears, all  of  which was  from the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   These
resources provide  support for the  senior level  management  of  the Pesticides  and
Toxic Substances programs and the Immediate  Office of the Assistant  Administrator
for Pesticides and Toxic  Substances  and, along with the Office  of Research  and
Development,  funded the activities of the Biotechnology Science Advisory Committee.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT  - GENERAL COUNSEL

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of $489,800 supported by  10.5  total  workyears for
this program, all  of which  will  be for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.
This represents no change  from 1988.

     The request will support planning,  budgeting,  financial  management, management
analysis, and administrative services to  the Office of General  Counsel.


1988 Program '

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating a  total of $489,800 supported  by 10.5 total
workyears for  this  program,   all   of  which  is   from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.

     The program provides  for planning,  budgeting,  financial  management, management
analysis, and administrative support to the Office of General Counsel.
                                      MS-15

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a total  of $453,800  supported by  10.0  total
workyears for  this program,  all  of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.

     Activities focused  on  providing  planning,  analytical  support,   budgeting,
financial management, and administrative services to the Office of General  Counsel.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $4,041,000 supported  by  54.5  total  workyears,
all for the  Salaries  and Expenses  Appropriation.   This represents an increase  of
$137,300 and  0.7   total  workyears  from  1988.   The  increase reflects  a  general
enhancement of  in-house  support  for  'program management activities of  the  Office
of Research and Development (ORD).

     In 1989,  ORD's program management  activities will  provide policy  guidance,
program direction, and administrative  support to  a  diversified research  and  devel-
opment (R&D)  program  which  is  conducted in  Headquarters, 14 major  laboratories,
and seven (7) field sites across  the  country.  These  program management  activities
ensure'both coordination of R&D efforts and efficient  utilization  of  resources  to
meet the Agency's R&D requirements and program needs.   Specific activities  include:

     1.  formulating  and disseminating  scientific  and managerial  policy  for  and
         within ORD;
     2.  coordinating  R&D  program  planning  and  budgeting,  program  plans  and
         development of  research  strategies  for  a  balanced and  Integrated  R&D
         program;
     3.  monitoring and  analyzing  current year resources, research operations  and
         research products;
     4.  providing liaison with regional, state, and local  officials
         for technical assistance, in addition to working with Congress,
         OMB, and other Federal agencies; and
     5.  operating  and  maintaining  ORD's  information  systems  which  support  R&D
         program planning and accountability for senior Agency management.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating  a  total  of $3,903,700  supported  by  53.8
total workyears. all from the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation.   Program manage-
ment will continue  to guide, manage,  and  Integrate  the  research  and development
activities of the  Agency, ensuring that the  needs  identified by programs and  Re-
gional Offices are met.


1987 Accomplishments

     The Agency obligated a total  of $5,003,100 supported by  53.2  total workyears
in 1987, all  of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses  Appropriation.   These
resources provided  the  overall policy guidance, program  direction,  and  adminis-
trative  support  for  the   Agency's   diverse   research  and  development  program.
                                       MS-16

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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - SOLID HASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $1,696,500 supported by  29.6  total  workyears,
all of which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   This represents
an increase of $26,100 and no change in workyears from 1988.  The increase reflects
additional operating and support costs.

     This request will allow the Agency to continue to staff and operate a complete
management team within  the  Office  of  Solid Waste and  Emergency Response (OSWER).
This will provide  for  a wide array of  policy development and analysis activities,
institutional and public liaison functions, financial management, and other program
support activities necessary to ensure the effective operation of a national program.


1988 Program

     In 1988. the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of $1,670,400 supported by  29.6
total workyears,  all  of  which 1s  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
This level of resources provides for a wide range of support from the OSWER manage-
ment team to  the Regions,  to the  program  offices, and  to the Agency.   Expected
accomplishments include the  review  of  policy recommendations  and  proposed regula-
tions; integration  of  both  program and enforcement hazardous  waste  and  Superfund
activities; budget preparation and justification; financial  and information manage-
ment; real and personal property management; and administrative support.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $1,870.700  supported  by  35.8 total
workyears, all   of  which was  from the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   OSWER
program management  integrated hazardous  waste  and  Superfund  activities;  managed
the review of policy recommendations and proposed regulations; maintained effective
management controls; and provided personnel, administrative  and Information manage-
ment support to the program offices.
                                        MS-17

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Office of the Administrator  ,

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT

    AGENCY MANAGEMENT
       Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices	MS-19
          Immediate Office of the Administrator...	  MS-24
          Office of Regional Operations	MS-25
          Office of Executive Support	  MS-25
          Admi n1strator's Representation  Fund	  MS-26
          Office of International Activities	  MS-26
          Office of Civil Rights	  MS-27
          Science Advisory Board	  MS-28
          Office of Administrative Law Judges	  MS-29
          Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business  Utilization	MS-29
       Office of Inspector General	  MS-31
          Office of Inspector General	  MS-32
       Office of General  Counsel	  MS-34
          General Counsel	  MS-35
       Office of External Affairs	  MS-37
          Office of Legislative Analysis	  MS-41
          Office of Congressional Liaison	'	  MS-42
          Office of Public Affairs	  MS-42
          Office of Community and Intergovernmental  Relations	MS-43
          Office of Federal Activities	  MS-43
       Office of Policy,  Planning & Evaluation...	  MS-45
          Program Management - Policy,  Planning  & Evaluation	  MS-49
          Integrated Environmental Management Program	MS-49
          Office of Policy Analysis	  MS-50
          Office of Standards & Regulations	  MS-52
          Office of Management Systems & Evaluation	  MS-53
       Office of Administration & Resources Management	MS-55
          Program Management - Administration	  MS-60
          Financial Management - Headquarters	  MS-61
          Office of the Comptroller	  MS-61
          Contracts & Grants Management	MS-62
          Personnel & Organization Services	  MS-63
          Facilities & Management Services	MS-64
          Information Systems & Services	  MS-65
          Administrative  Management - Title III	MS-65
          Office of Human Resources Management	  MS-66
                                       MS-18

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                                                     AGENCY MANAGEMENT



                                       Office  of the Administrator/Executive Offices
VO

ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Immediate Office of the
Administrator
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Regional
Operations
Salaries A Expenses
TOTAL
Office Of Executive
Support
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
Administrator's
Representation Fund
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of International
Activities
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Civil Rights
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
$2,188.1
$2,188.1
$364.3
$364.3
$868.8
$868.8
$2.3
$2.3
$1,274.9
$1,274.9
$1,264.3
$1,264.3
$2,381.1
$2,381.1
$387.0
$387.0
$931.4
$931.4
$3.5
$3.5
$1,329.6
$1,329.6
$1,438.6
$1,438.6
$2,315.5
$2,315.5
$536.7
$536.7
$1,003.0
$1,003.0
$3.0
$3.0
$1,315.6
$1,315.6
$1,410.6
$1,410.6
$2,315.5
$2,315.5
$536.7
$536.7
$1,003.0
$1,003.0
$3.0
$3.0
$1,315.6
$1,315.6
$1,410.6
$1,410.6
$2,363.3
$2,363.3
$536.7
$536.7
$1,003.0
$1,003.0
$3.0
$3.0
$1,440.6
$1,440.6
$1,436.9
$1,436.9
$47.8
$47.8



$125.0
$125.0
$26.3
$26.3

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ro
o
                                                      AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                        Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices

ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Science Advisory Board
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of
Administrative Law
Judges
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Small &
D1 sadvantaged Business
Utilization
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries & Expenses
Office of the Adm1n1- TOTAL
$1,393.1
$1,393.1
$837.7
$837.7
$466.2
$466.2
$8,659.7
$8,659.7
$1,447.8
$1,447.8
$1,056.3
$1,056.3
$525.0
$525.0
$9,500.3
$9,500.3
$1,416.7
$1,416.7
$1,035.8
$1,035.8
$516.6
$516.6
$9,553.5
$9,553.5
$1,416.7
$1,416.7
$1,035.8
$1,035.8
$516.6
$516.6
$9,553.5
$9,553.5
$1,446.3
$1,446.3
$1,054.9
$1,054.9
$516.6
$516.6
$9,801.3
$9,801.3
$29.6
$29.6
$19.1
$19.1

$247.8
$247.8
              strator/Executlve
              Offices
              PERMANENT MORKYEARS
              Immediate Office Of The
              Administrator

              Office of Regional
              Operations

              Office Of Executive
              Support
33.8
 5.0
21.5
45.8
 5.0
24.8
45.8
 5.0
24.8
41.7
10.0
24.1
44.7
10.0
24.1
3.0

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                                       AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                         Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices

ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Office of International
Activities
Office of C1v1l Rights
Science Advisory Board
Office of
22.4
20.1
12.1
15.6
22.0
23.8
24.4
16.6
22.0
23.8
24.4
17.4
20.5
22.1
14.6
16.8
21.5
23.1
24.4
17.4
i.o
1.0
9.8
.6
Administrative Law
Judges

Office of Small &
D1sadvantaged Business
Utilization

TOTAL PERMANENT MORKYEARS
  6.8
137.3
  6.9
169.3
  6.9
170.1
  6.9
156.7
  6.9
172.1
15.4
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Immediate Office Of The
Administrator
Office of Regional
Operations
Office Of Executive
Support
Office of International
Activities
Office of Civil Rights
36.2
5.4
22.7
22.6
22.6
45.8
5.0
24.8
22.0
23.8
45.8
5.0
24.8
22.0
23.8
44.7
10.0
24.1
21.5
23.1
44.7
10.0
24.1
21.5
23.1

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ro
ro
                                                    AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                       Office of the Administrator/Executive Offices

Science Advisory Board
Office of
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET ENACTED
ESTIMATE 1988
1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
21.5 24.4 24.4
15.6 16.6 17.4
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
24.4
17.4
REQUEST
1989
24.4
17.4
INCREASE +
. DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988

             Administrative Law
             Judges

             Office  of Small  ft
             Dlsadvantaged Business
             Utilization

             TOTAL WORKYEARS
  6.8
153.4
  6.9
169.3
  6.9
170.1
  6.9
172.1
  6.9
172.1

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT

                                 Agency Management


                   Office  of  the Administrator/Executive Offices
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total  of $9,801,300  supported  by 172.1 total workyears
in 1989.  This  represents  an  increase  of $247,800 and  no change in total workyears
from 1988.  All  of the  request will be for the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     These resources  support the  Immediate  Office  of  the  Administrator  and the
staff offices  which  report  directly to  the Administrator.  The  Administrator and
Deputy Administrator  are   responsible  for  providing  policy  guidance  and direction
to the  Agency  and  ensuring  implementation  of their  policies;  the staff  offices
provide cross-cutting  Agency guidance  for  scientific  review  of  regulations and
research,  international   environmental   initiatives,   as   well   as civil  rights,
administrative  law  hearings, Regional   communication,  and  support  for  small and
disadvantaged businesses.

     Immediate Office of the Administrator — This Office includes  the Administrator
and Deputy Administrator,  special  assistants to the Administrator and Deputy Admin-
istrator for  the various  program  areas, Judicial  Officers, and  clerical  support
staff.

     Office of Regional Operations —  This  Office  provides Headquarters  with  a
stronger and more effective link  to each  of  the ten  Regional  offices.   This link
ensures that  the Administrator's   policies  are  effectively  communicated  to the
Regional Administrators, that the Regions are included in the policy-making process,
that the Administrator  is  alerted  to any potential  Regional  problems  and concerns,
and that  significant  Regional  issues  are coordinated  with Headquarters  program
offices.  The  Office is  also responsible for  managing the Environmental  Service
Divisions, Regional   risk  assessment efforts, and the  Technology  Transfer program.

     Office of Executive Support — This  Office provides  centralized budget planning
and implementation, resource management,  personnel, computer planning, and adminis-
trative support  services  to  the Administrator and  staff  offices and  manages the
Agency's correspondence and the Freedom of Information functions.

     Administrator's   Representation   Fund — The  fund  is  used  for   official
receptions,  meetings,  and"affairs  hosted  primarily  by  the Administrator for
domestic and foreign officials.

     Office of International Activities —  This  Office  provides  guidance   and
management for  the  Agency'sinternational activities  and  programs  with  Western
European countries, the USSR, China, Japan,  and the  Agency's Scientific Activities
Overseas (SAO)  Program.   In  addition, the Office manages agreements  with  Canada
and Mexico on  cross-boundary environmental issues,  oversees Agency involvement in
the activities  of  international  organizations,  and  coordinates the activities  on
new and emerging environmental  issues  such as ozone and transboundary  shipment of
hazardous waste.
                                       MS-23

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     Office of Civil Rights —  This  Office  manages  the  Agency's  civil  rights
programs.It  provides  policy  guidance  to the  Administrator and  evaluates  acti-
vities required  to  carry  out  the  Agency's  responsibilities  to  assure  equal
opportunity and to prohibit discrimination in employment at EPA.

     Science Advisory Board (SAB) — The Board consists of a Director, professional
and clerical staff,  and  independent scientists and engineers who advise the Admin-
istrator on the  scientific and  technical  bases  of  the Agency's  decisions.   They
review the scientific basis of regulatory proposals, the adequacy of Agency research
and the  research  planning  process,  the five-year research and  development  plan,
as well  as  special   requests  from the Administrator, the  Deputy  Administrator and
the Congress.

     Office of Administrative Law Judges —  Judges from this  Office  preside  over
and conduct hearingsrequired  by  the Administrative  Procedures  Act  which  relate
to appeals of Agency regulations and decisions.

     Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization — This Office provides
Agency-wide oversight  in  implementing  programs  under  Sections  8 and  15 of  the
Small Business Act, as amended, and develops national policy for EPA for implement-
ing the Agency-wide minority and women's business enterprise program.


IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $2,363,300 and  44.7 total workyears  for this
program, all of which is for  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  This repre-
sents an  increase of  $47,800 and  no change  in total  workyears  from  1988.   The
increase will  provide for increased operating costs.  The Office is responsible for
Agency policy  and direction,  leadership, and management and  setting environmental
goals.  In 1989, emphasis will  be put  on the Judicial  Officer function to meet the
expanding number of  environmental cases sent to the Administrator for final decision.
New authorities under the  program Fraud Civil  Remedies  Act of 1986  and  the  Water
Quality Act  of 1987 will  also  be  supported  by the  Judicial  Officer  in  1989.


1988. Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a  total  of  $2,315,500 supported by 44.7 total
workyears for this program, all  of  which is from the  Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation.  The major priorities in the  Immediate Office  are:   increased emphasis
on enforcement  and   compliance   efforts  of  both  environmental  and  civil  rights
regulations, continued delegations  to State  and local governments,  and  continued
support of enhanced  science as  a basis  for decision-making.   In  1988, the number
of Resource Conservation  and  Recovery Act  Permits  and Civil  Penalty Cases  have
increased substanially.

1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of $2,188,100  supported  by  36.2 total
workyears  for  this  program,   all   of  which was  from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  The  major  focus of  activity was to pursue  delegation  of programs
to state and  local  governments, support enhanced  science  as  a basis for decision-
making and  managing  risk,  and  enforcement  and  compliance  efforts  to  ensure
better internal management.
                                       MS-24

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OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of  $536,700  supported  by 10.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which  is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
This represents  no change  from  1988.   The  Office  will  continue  to  ensure that
the Administrator's policies are  effectively  communicated to the Regional  Adminis-
trators; that  the Administrator  is  alerted  to  potential  Regional  problems  and
concerns; and that the  Administrator  is assisted in  managing  significant  Regional
issues.  The  Office  will  also  continue  to  address  the  basic management  needs
of the  Environmental  Services Divisions,  Regional  risk assessment, and will  con-
tinue its technology  transfer  effort  and  technical  information exchange  between
EPA Headquarters, Regions, States, local government and industry.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating  a total of $536,700 and 10.0 total workyears,
all of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  The Office continues
to provide a key communications link between the Administrator and the ten Regional
offices, and play  a more active part in  Regional  budget issues.  The  Office also
has put emphasis on providing  guidance and coordination  for the ten  Environmental
Services Divisions.   In  addition, the Office has  initiated a new effort  aimed at
achieving improved  efficiency  and  performance  in  environmental  programs in  the
field by  providing  better technology  transfer  and technical  information  exchange
between  EPA  Headquarters,  Regions,   States,  local   government,   and  industry.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a total  of $364,300  and  5.4 total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which was  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
The Office ensured that  the  Administrator's policies  were effectively communicated
to the  Regional  Administrators,  that the Regions  were  included  in  the  policy-
making and decision-making processes, and  that the Administrator was  kept  informed
of Regional  concerns and issues.  In addition, the Office carried out  its responsi-
bility as the  Headquarters  focal point  for  the  Agency's  Environmental  Services
Divisions.


OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SUPPORT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $1,003,000  supported by 24.1 total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which  is  for the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
This represents  no  change  from 1988.    This  Office  will  continue  to  provide
monitoring of  resource  expenditures,  develop  the  outyear  budget for the  staff
offices, provide centralized personnel  and management  support  services,  and pro-
vide assistance to staff offices  with  recruitment,  staffing, and property  control.
The Office will continue to  prepare a yearly  report to  Congress  on  the  cost to the
Agency and to the public of administering  the  Freedom of Information Act, to provide
policy and program oversight on the Freedom of  Information  program,  and to manage
and track executive and Congressional  correspondence.
                                       MS-25

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1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency 1s  allocating  a total  of $1,003,000  supported  by  24.1
total workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  Is from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  The  Office  is  responsible  for  monitoring  resource expenditures,
developing the outyear  budget  for the  staff  offices, providing centralized person-
nel and  management support  services,  and  providing assistance  to staff  offices
with recruitment,  staffing, and  property  control.   The  Office continues to prepare
a yearly report to Congress on the cost to the Agency and to the public of adminis-
tering the Freedom of  Information  Act, to provide  policy  and program  oversight on
the Freedom of Information Act, and to manage and track executive and Congressional
correspondence.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $868,800  supported by  22.7  total
workyears for this program, all of which  was from the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  The  Office  completed monthly  financial  and  operating plan  reports,
developed the  outyear   budget  for  the  staff  offices,  and  workload analysis  for
Regional Management, in addition to providing assistance and staffing plan develop-
ment, program management  services,  and resource  and computer planning  studies for
the Administrator's staff offices.   The  Office logged,  controlled  and  tracked all
Freedom of Information  requests.  Congressional correspondence, and correspondence
addressed to the Administrator and the Deputy Administrator.


ADMINISTRATOR'S REPRESENTATION FUND

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $3,000  for this program, all  of which is for
the Salaries  and   Expenses  appropriation.  This  represents  no  change  from  1988.
This fund will enable the Administrator  to host  official receptions, meetings, and
affairs for visiting dignitaries and officials.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is allocating a total of $3,000 to this  program, all  of
which is from the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   These funds are  to  cover
the expenses of official  receptions and other functions.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $2,300  for this function  from
the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   This  amount  covered  the  expenses  of
official receptions and other functions.


OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total of $1,440,600  supported  by 21.5 total  workyears
for this Office,   all  of which  is  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $125,000 and no change in total workyears from 1988.
The increase  will  provide for increased  support  costs.  The  Office will continue
to manage the  Agency's  international  activities  and programs with an  active  role
                                       MS-26

-------
in bilateral agreements, such  as  the  transboundary  pollution management  agreements
with Mexico and  Canada, and  international  organizations.   In  1989,  the focus  of
the Office's activities  will  include  an  array of  global  and  Regional  air  pollu-
tion issues  involving  policy  formulation,  intra- and  interagency  coordination,
and international negotiations.  Emphasis will be on global climate change,  parti-
cularly to  influence  the policies and activities  of  United Nations  Environmental
Program (UNEP) and  the  World Meteorological  Organization  (WMO);  acid  precipita-
tion from  sulfur and nitrogen  oxides,   including  the  design  and  implementation
of Regional accords  and international conventions;  and urban  air pollution  from
vehicles and other  sources,  another  area  of growing  international  interest  and
activity.


1988 Program

    In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $1,315,600  supported  by  21.5
total workyears  to  this Office,  all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  The Office continues to provide guidance, coordination and exchange
of scientific and technical  information  on  a regular basis  in support of  Agency
programs and  promotes  agreed upon  approaches  to  common  environmental problems
with border countries.   In 1988,  the Office  is  playing a more active role  with
international  organizations  including the   Office  for  Economic  and  Cooperation
Development, the  United Nations  Environment Program and  the  Economic  Commission
for Europe.  In  addition,  the Office  will be serving  as the Federal Agency  Coor-
dinator for the  North  Atlantic  Treaty Organization  (NATO)  and  the  Committee  on
Challenges on Modern Societies (CCMS).


1987 Accomplishments

    The Agency obligated a total  of $1,274,900 and 22.6 total  workyears for this
program, all of  which was from  the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  Dealing
with border pollution problems with Canada  and Mexico dominated the  focus of  OIA.
This included negotiations  with Canada on transboundary air  quality issues including
ozone, and negotiations with Mexico concerning a  new border agreement on  control  of
border sanitation problems.  New  initiatives  were also taken in support of bilateral
cooperation with the  USSR  and China.  Emphasis  was also directed  to  facilitating
trade and environmental  aspects  of trade  in chemicals  and  shipment of hazardous
wastes.


OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of $1,436,900  supported  by  23.1  total workyears
for this program, all  of which is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   This
represents an Increase of $26,300 and no  change  in  total workyears  from  1988.   The
increase will  provide for increased operating costs.  In 1989, the  Office of  Civil
Rights will continue  to provide  technical guidance and  direction to the Agency's
civil rights efforts; assume  full  responsibility  for  policy  and  implementation  of
the discrimination  complaints  processing system;  increase policy  monitoring  and
support for Regional  Civil Rights Offices,  including  Headquarters  Office of  Civil
Rights; provide  continuous monitoring of affirmative  action  plan  implementation;
expand  and improve the  Equal  Employment  Opportunity  (EEO) counseling   program  to
resolve complaints through informal conciliation; strengthen and  improve the special
emphasis programs by  conducting   seminars  and workshops for  special  emphasis  em-
ployees and Agency  managers;  increase  quantity  and  quality  of EEO reviews  and
studies; and improve the implementation of the Agency regulations regarding non-dis-
crimination in Federally  - assisted programs.  Emphasis will  be put on providing
increased  management   support   and   quality  control  through   on-site program
evaluations, and  processing  discrimination  complaints.
                                       MS-27

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1988 Program

    The Agency  Is  allocating a  total  of $1,410,600 and  23.1 total  workyears  for
this Office, all of  which  is from the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   These
resources enable the  Office  of Civil  Rights  (OCR)  to  continue to provide  techni-
cal guidance and direction  for the Agency's Civil  Rights efforts.  The Office  is
strengthening and  improving  the special  emphasis programs  by conducting seminars
and workshops for  special  emphasis  employees  and Agency  managers,  and continues
to conduct  EEO  reviews  and  studies  and provide  management  support  and  quality
control through  on-site  program  evaluations.   OCR  continues  to  implement  the
Agency's regulations  regarding  non-discrimination  in Federally-assisted programs.


1987 Accompli shments

    The Agency  obligated a  total  of $1,264,300 supported  by 22.6 total workyears
for this program,  all  of which was  from the  .Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
The Office  of  Civil  Rights  carried  out  national  equal  employment  opportunity
monitoring and  enforcement  programs;   managed the Agency's  affirmative   action
program, special  emphasis programs  and the  discrimination  complaints program;
implemented regulations  and  programs  requiring  EPA grant  recipients  to   adhere
to the  civil  rights  laws  and  labor  standard requirements  of applicable  Federal
statutes; and  served as  the  Agency's  focal  point for  the  Historically  Black
Colleges and Universities program.   Specifically,  the Office evaluated  activities
required to carry out the Agency's responsibilities  to assure equal opportunity  and
to prohibit discrimination  in  employment  at  EPA;  ensured  implementation  of  the
Agency's Special Emphasis Programs (Federal  Women's, Hispanic  Employment and  Black
Employment Programs); implemented  and monitored  the Agency's Affirmative  Action
Plans to remedy  underrepresentation  in  the  workforce;  and  assured  compliance  by
Agency grantees and  contractors with  provisions  of  civil   rights laws and  labor
standards requirements of applicable  Federal  statutes.


SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD

1989 Program Request

    The Agency requests a total of $1,446,300 supported  by 24.4 total workyears  for
this program, all  of which is  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This
represents an increase of $29,600 and  no change in total workyears from 1988.   The
increase will provide for  increased  operating costs,   hi  1989, the Administrator
will identify approximately  70 regulatory  issues  for the  Science Advisory  Board
(SAB) to review.  The increased number of issues will include 11 new water  reviews
related to the Safe Drinking  Water Act.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating  a total   of $1,416,700  supported  by 24.4
total workyears for  this program,  all  of which is  from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  The Science Advisory Board  is  providing  expert,  independent advice
to the Administrator  and the  Agency  on  61  scientific  and technical  issues  before
the Agency.


1987 Accomplishments

    The Agency  obligated a  total  of $1,393,100 supported  by 21.5 total workyears
for this program,  all  of which was  from the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation;
The SAB  was involved  in 61  reviews  during  1987.   Included among  these  reviews
were issues  relating to hazardous  air  pollutants,  toxic  substances,  radioactive
waste disposal  standards, asbestos in  drinking water, hazardous  waste  incineration
at sea  and on  land, nitrogen  dioxide health effects,  and toxic air  pollutants.


                                       MS-28

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OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (ALJ)

1989 Program Request

    The Agency requests a total of $1,054,900 supported by 17.4 total workyears for
this program, all  of which is  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
represents  an  increase  of $19,100  and no  change in  total  workyears  from 1988.
The increase  will  provide  for increased  operating costs.   In  1989, this  Office
will continue to preside  over and conduct hearings required  by  the Administrative
Procedures Act  related  to suspension,  cancellation,   licensing  and  enforcement
actions, including  the assessment  of  civil  penalties,  initiated  by the  Agency.
Preliminary estimates  indicate that there  will  be approximately  1,100 cases on the
Office of Administrative Law Judges' docket, an increase of approximately 170 cases
from 1988.


1988 Program

    In 1988,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $1,035,800  supported  by  17.4
total workyears for  this  program, all   of  which is from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  The ALJ expects to receive  approximately 940 cases from EPA Regional
offices in 1988.  Of this  total,  approximately 205 cases are  expected to be under
the Resource Conservation  and  Recovery Act (RCRA), 532  cases  under  the  Toxic Sub-
stances Control  Act  (TSCA), and 140  cases  under the Federal  Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act  (FIFRA), and 35 cases under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
In addition, this  Office  will handle  approximately  25 cases  originating at Head-
quarters, including  suspensions;   cancellations;   Sec.  3(c)(l)(D)  of the  Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide  and Rodenticide Act  (FIFRA);  and  Clean  Air  Act  cases.


1987 Accompli shments.

    In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $837,700  and  15.6 total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which was  from the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
This Office  maintained a  docket  of 893  cases.   Of  these cases,  188  were under
RCRA; 515 were under TSCA; and 135 cases were under FIFRA.


OFFICE OF SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $516,600 supported  by  6.9 total  workyears for
this program, all  of which will  be for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
This represents no  change  from 1988.  The Office  will  continue  to provide techni-
cal assistance  to   both  Headquarters   and  Regional  program   office personnel  to
ensure that small, minority and/or women's  businesses  are receiving  a "fair share"
of procurement  dollars under  EPA's Financial  Assistance  Program.   In  addition,
the ombudsman will  respond to  approximately  8,000 inquiries  from small  firms  on
regulatory matters and will  provide advice on  the many new regulations  that  will
bring about the  desired  level  of voluntary compliance to  several  thousand  small
businesses.


1988 Program

    The Agency 1s  allocating  a total  of $516,600  supported by 6.9 total  workyears
for this program,  all  of  which  is from the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
In 1988, emphasis  is being  placed  on  handling additional "Hotline" calls,  implement-
ing a  Small   Business  Ombudsman  Strategy, creating  business regulatory outreach
demonstration projects,  and  promoting Minority  Business  Enterprise and  Women's
Business Enterprise  participation  in the Agency's financial  assistance programs to
                                        MS-29

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comply with  Executive  Order  12432.   In  addition,  the  Office  will  monitor  and
provide advice   on  the  many  new   regulations   that   will   bring   about   the
desired level  of  voluntary  compliance  by  several  thousand  small  businesses.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $466,200  supported  by  6.8 total
workyears for  this program,  all  of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  The  Office  coordinated  activities  with  EPA's  procurement  and
financial assistance  programs  by  providing  training  and  technical  assistance;
provided assistance toward  increasing the level  of Minority  Business  Enterprise/
Women's Business  Enterprise   (MBE/WBE)  participation  in  EPA-assisted  programs;
and provided  technical   and  managerial  assistance  to Headquarters  and  Regional
staff assigned  to  socioeconomic program  activities,  and  counseled  minority  and
women's businesses in compliance with Executive Order 12432.
                                       MS-30

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Office of Inspector General

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                                            AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                     Office  of  the Inspector General

                                ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                 1987     ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                            1988                  1988               1989 VS 1988

                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
Office of Inspector
General
 Salaries & Expenses          $14,874.4  $15,756.2  $15,832.6   $15,832.6  $16,395.0    $562.4
                       TOTAL  $14,874.4  $15,756.2  $15,832.6   $15,832.6  $16,395.0    $562.4

TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses          $14,874.4  $15,756.2  $15,832.6   $15,832.6  $16,395.0    $562.4

Office of IIrh n;)co   TOTAL  $14,874.4  $15,756.2  $15,832.6   $15,832.6  $16,395.0    $562.4
General


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector               208.6      219.7      229.7      227.7       227.7
General

TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS         208.6      219.7      229.7      227.7       227.7


TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office of Inspector               210.3      219.7      229.7      227.7      227.7
General

TOTAL WORKYEARS                   210.3      219.7      229.7      227.7      227.7

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT

                                 Agency Management

                            Office of Inspector General
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of" $16,395,000 supported  by  227.7 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $562,400 and no  change in total workyears  from 1988.   All
of this request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     This office  is  responsible  for  conducting,  supervising,  and  coordinating
audits and  investigations  relating  to  EPA  programs  and  operations;  promoting
economy, efficiency,  and  effectiveness   in  the  administration  of  EPA  programs;
preventing and detecting  fraud  and abuse in  EPA  programs  and operations;  keeping
the.Administrator and the Congress  advised  of problem areas and  related  corrective
action; and reviewing EPA regulations  and legislation.


OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $16,395,000  supported  by  227.7 total  workyears,
all of which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.  This represents
an increase of $562,400  and  no change in total  workyears  front 1988.   The increase
in dollars  primarily  will finance  additional  audits  of  the Construction  Grants
Program, and provides for an increase in travel  and  other support costs.

     The resources requested will be used by the  Office  of Inspector  General  (OIG)
to continue  conducting   internal  and  management  audits  to   improve  the  economy,
effectiveness, and efficiency  of  EPA programs  and  provide audit coverage to  EPA
programs and operations which  have  received little  or no  previous attention.   The
OIG will emphasize reviewing programs aimed at  achieving environmental  results  and
ensuring strong  enforcement  including  (1)  pesticides  and toxics,  (2)  hazardous
waste disposal, and (3)  air  and water quality.   The OIG will continue its program
of external audits of grants and contracts which have historically recovered $12 in
costs for each audit dollar spent.

     The OIG will  also  continue investigations  of  antitrust activities  and  other
construction-related fraud and  will aggressively  pursue new  initiatives, including
examinations of  possible  antitrust  activities   by   architectural  and  engineering
firms and  conspiracies  to defraud  involving  contract  laboratories.   By  focusing
efforts on fraud  cases in vulnerable areas and by taking  more  proactive  initiatives,
the OIG expects  to  obtain greater  results,  including increased indictments, con-
victions, and monetary  recoveries.   The  OIG  will continue efforts  in  fraud pre-
vention by publicizing OIG activities  to EPA employees,  identifying areas sensitive
to fraud, and developing new fraud  detection methods.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $15,832,600  supported  by  227.7
total workyears,   all  of  which  is  from the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
The OIG  is continuing  to  perform  internal  and  management audits  needed to help
                                        MS-32

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improve the economy, efficiency,  and  effectiveness  of  the Agency's  overall  program
operations.  Primary emphasis is  on  reviewing  programs or areas in which  insuffi-
cient audit  resources  have  been  devoted.  For  example,  this  would  include  such
reviews as  EPA's  efforts  to enforce  requirements  to prevent  air  pollution  from
stationary sources; EPA's and States'  ability  to  track  and manage hazardous wastes;
the Quality Assurance  Program for EPA's  research  and development  activities;  and
the Agency's oversight  and control of  underground  injection  control  wells.   Such
reviews assist Agency managers in  identifying and correcting  major systemic  problems
which, in turn, strengthen environmental  programs.   These reviews  help the Agency
meet its  mission  while ensuring  that  limited  resources  are used more  effectively
and efficiently.

     The   016   investigative    resources   are    devoted   to  conducting  criminal
investigations relating  to  EPA  programs  and  operations.   Major  investigations
cover bid rigging  and  other fraud in  EPA-funded construction  activities;  procure-
ment fraud;  false  claims;  fraud  and  misconduct  involving  EPA  employees;  and
administrative investigations of improprieties involving EPA programs and personnel.
New initiatives have been aggressively undertaken to identify  fraud  in the  contract
laboratory program.  Continued  efforts are  being  made to encourage the use of the
OIG hotline to  uncover  instances of  suspected  fraud,  waste,  and  mismanagement.
Under the  fraud prevention  program,  the OIG  is  providing  technical  and  audit
assistance to elements  of the  Agency  assessing  the adequacy  of internal  controls
as required by the Federal Managers'  Financial  Integrity  Act of 1982.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $14,874,400 supported  by  210.3 total
workyears, all   of  which  was from the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.   The
Office of Inspector  General  issued 2,025 audit  reports  which questioned   costs  of
$183,300,000.  On an overall  basis, $33,400,000 of  costs questioned were  sustained
by Agency management.   During the year,  the Agency  obtained  $13,100,000  of  cost
efficiencies and $30,900,000 of  actual  cash recoveries as a result of audit  efforts.
An expanded  internal  and  management  audit program was implemented  and  about  35
percent of the  OIG audit  resources  were  devoted to examining many  critical  areas
which had never been audited before.   Internal audits  provided  recommendations for
improving the  effectiveness, efficiency, and  results of  EPA  program  operations.
Investigative activities  focusing  on  major  civil  and  criminal  violations  has
resulted in the recovery of $4,700,000 in fines  and restitution.

     Key  improvements  resulting from  OIG audits  included:  (1)  more  comprehensive
inspections and better  enforcement of asbestos and  automobile  emissions standards;
(2) strengthening  the  Agency's   control  and  enforcement  of   grant  agreements  in
Puerto Rico and the  Virgin Islands to achieve clean  water  standards; (3)  revising
the Agency's procedures  for  awarding loans and grants  to the  neediest schools  with
the most serious asbestos problems; and (4)  strengthening the Agency's controls and
policies  for issuing hazardous waste permits.  The OIG  opened 332 new investigations
and closed 308 investigations, obtaining 119 indictments  and convictions.   Signifi-
cant results  were  achieved  in  investigations  of  construction-related fraud,  and
the submission  of  fraudulent documentation  involving foreign  vehicles.    The  OIG
also initiated  a fraud  prevention and detection  awareness  program for EPA managers
to encourage  and  improve  their  recognition and  reporting  of  possible fraud  and
abuse.
                                       MS-33

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Office of General Counsel

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                                        AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                    Office of General Counsel

                                ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE >
                                 1987     ESTIMATE     1988     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                            1988                  1988               1989 VS 1988

                                      (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
?
Office Of General
Counsel
 Salaries 8 Expenses           $6,689.2   $7.136.3   $7,275.5   $7,275.5   $7,305.4     $29.9
                       TOTAL   $6,689.2   $7,136.3   $7,275.5   $7,275.5   $7,305.4     $29.9
TOTAL:
 Salaries * Expenses
                                             $6,689.2   $7,136.3   $7,275.5   $7,275.5   $7,305.4      $29.9
Office of General      TOTAL   $6,689.2   $7,136.3   $7,275.5   $7,275.5   $7,305.4     $29.9
Counsel
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of General
Counsel

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                 98.5      125.5      127.5
                                                 98.5      125.5      127.5
118.3      125.5        7.2
118.3      125.5       7.2
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office Of General
Counsel

TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                                110.8      125.5      127.5      125.5      125.5


                                                110.8      125.5      127.5      125.5      125.5

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                             Office of General  Counsel
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a  total  of $7,305,400 supported by 125.5  total  workyears
for 1989, an increase  of $29,900  and no change in total workyears  from  1988.   All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     The Office of General Counsel provides legal advice and counsel  to the Agency's
top management and  media  program  offices  concerning  legal  interpretation of  EPA
administered statutes, other applicable laws, and such matters as personnel, grants,
and contracts.  In  addition, the  program is  responsible for litigation activity in
which EPA is  a defendant.   These  resources  provide legal  advice to  the  Agency in
all major regulatory actions, or other Agency actions in which litigation is likely,
to ensure that  legal   error is avoided and  legal  positions  are presented in  the
most persuasive manner.


GENERAL COUNSEL

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $7,305,400 supported by 125.5  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase  of  $29,900  and  no  change  in  total  workyears  from
1988.  The increase will provide for increased operating costs.

     The Office of  General  Counsel  will provide legal  advice and counsel  to Agency
management and media program offices concerning  legal interpretation of EPA adminis-
tered statutes, other  applicable  laws, regulations  and administrative areas  such
as personnel, grants,  contracts,  and access  by the public  to EPA held information.
The OGC  will  handle  litigation  in which  EPA  is a  defendant.   Legal  support  and
review will   be provided for all  major regulatory  actions, policy  documents  and
guidelines to insure that legal error is avoided.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency  is  allocating a total of  $7,275,500  supported  by  125.5
total workyears for this program, all   of  which is  from the .Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  The  1988  program  provides  continued  support   to  Agency  program
priorities through  legal   advice  and   assistance,  handling defensive  litigation,
review of Agency  rulemaking actions, and  participating in  selected administrative
proceedings.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a total of  $6,689,200  supported by .110.8 total
workyears, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.   In 1987,
the Office of  General  Counsel  (OGC) supported Agency priorities by providing legal
                                        MS-35

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advice and support  to Agency managers  and by  defending  the Agency  in  litigation
filed against it.  OGC  also  reviewed regulatory actions to ensure legal  defensibi-
lity and provided advice on other actions, such as grants, contracts,  and personnel
matters.
                                       MS-36

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Office of External Affairs

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                                           AGENCY MANAGEMENT



                                       Office of External Affairs

PROGRAM
Office Of Legislative
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL '
Office Of Congressional
Liaison
Salaries £ Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Public
Affairs
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Community and
Intergovernmental
Relations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Federal
Activities
Salaries 4 Expenses
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Salaries « Expenses
Office of External TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987



$888.5
$888.5


$842.5
$842.5


$2,579.8
$2.579.8



$813.9
$813.9


$1,796.7
$1,796.7

$6,921.4
$6,921.4
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS I


$1,019.7
$1,019.7


$937.0
$937.0


$2,682.4
$2,682.4



$874.4
$874.4


$1,950.0
$1,950.0

$7,463.5
$7,463.5
E.NACTED
1988
N THOUSANDS


$979.4
$979.4


$895.8
$895.8


$2,635.3
$2,635.3



$847.2
$847.2


$1,899.4
$1,899.4

$7,257.1
$7,257.1
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
)


$979.4
$979.4


$895.8
$895.8


$2,635.3
$2,635.3



$847.2
$847.2


$1,899.4
$1,899.4

$7,257.1
$7,257.1
BUDGET
REQUEST
1989 1



$1,027.1
$1,027.1


$939.2
$939.2


$2,680.9
$2,680.9



$879.3
$879.3


$1,946.5
$1,946.5

$7,473.0
$7,473.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
L989 VS 1988



$47.7
$47.7


$43.4
$43.4


$45.6
$45.6



$32.1
$32.1


$47.1
$47.1

$215.9
$215.9
Affairs

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                                           AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                       Office of External Affairs
                                          BUDGET
                               ACTUAL    ESTIMATE
                                1987       1988
           CURRENT
ENACTED   ESTIMATE
 1988       1988
BUDGET    INCREASE +
REQUEST   DECREASE -
 1989    1989 VS 1988

PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Office Of Legislative
Analysis
Office Of Congressional
Liaison
Office of Public
I? Affairs
i
CO
00 Office of Community and
Intergovernmental
Relations
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Office Of Legislative
Analysis
Office Of Congressional
Liaison
Office of Public
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

14.0 20.4 20.4 16.4 20.4 4.0

14.6 21.0 21.0 19.0 21.0 2.0

39.7 43.6 43.6 37.5 42.5 5.0



12.1 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4


29.8 31.8 31.8 28.3 30.9 2.6

110.2 131.2 131.2 115.6 129.2 13.6

17.5 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.4

18.2 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0

45.5 43.6 43.6 42.5 42.5
Affairs

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?
OJ
                                                         AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                                     Office  of External  Affairs
                                                        BUDGET
                                             ACTUAL     ESTIMATE
                                              1987       1988
           CURRENT
ENACTED   ESTIMATE
 1988       1988
BUDGET    INCREASE +
REQUEST   DECREASE -
 1989    1989 VS 1988

Office of Community and
Intergovernmental
Relations
Office of Federal
Activities
TOTAL WORKYEARS

14.1
33.3
128.6
(DOLLARS IN
14.4
31.8
131.2
THOUSANDS)
14.4
31.8
131.2

14.4
30.9
129.2

14.4
30.9
129.2

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management

                             Office of External Affairs


Budget Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $7,473,000 supported by  129.2  total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $215,900 and no  change in total  workyears  from 1988.   All
of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.

Program Description

     These resources  include  the  salaries and  associated costs for  the  Immediate
Office of  the  Assistant  Administrator,   the  Office  of  Legislative  Analysis,  the
Office of  Congressional  Liaison,  the  Office of  Public  Affairs,  the  Office  of
Community and  Intergovernmental  Relations, and the  Office  of  Federal  Activities.
The Office  of  External  Affairs provides  a  clear interpretation  of the  Agency's
programs and  priorities  to  increase Agency  effectiveness by  improving  Congres-
sional liaison, by establishing outreach  to  broaden  our public involvement through
State and local contacts,  public  Interest groups, and citizen participation,  and
by reaffirming and strengthening Federal  agency contacts.

     Office of Legislative Analysis —  This  Office  is  responsible  for  preparing
Agency draft  legislation,developing  testimony  for  Agency  officials  to  present
before Congress,  and conducting  analyses of  environmentally  related  legislation
developed by the  Congress.   It works  closely with  the  Administrator,  Assistant
Administrator for  External  Affairs, and  the  program and  Regional  offices in  de-
veloping the  Agency's legislative  program  and  in  guiding  specific  legislative
proposals through  the  interagency  legislative  review process.  This Office  also
maintains the  Agency's  Legislative  Reference Library  and  provides  legislative
research services for the Agency.

     Office of Congressional Liaison —   This  Office  serves  as  the focal  point
of Congressional contact for  the  Agency.   It provides daily  summaries  of Congres-
sional activities throughout EPA and provides  recommendations,  advice,  and assist-
ance to the Administrator, Assistant Administrator for External Affairs,  and  other
senior policy officials  involved  in the  development,  presentation,  and  implemen-
tation of the Agency's legislative  program.   The  Office  reviews all  Congressional
correspondence, responds   to  Congressional  requests  for  information  and  Agency
publications,  and  coordinates  grant  and  contract  announcements  to  Congress.

     Office of Public Affairs —  This Office  is  the  Agency  focal  point  for  news
media relationsand"public  information.   Activities  Include:   preparing  press
releases and feature materials for news  media distribution; responding  to  press
Inquiries; conducting  press  conferences  and  briefings;  coordinating  news  media
appearances of  key Agency  officials;  compiling  daily and  weekly  news  clips  of
national press  coverage.   The  Office  also prepares  publications  for the  general
public on major programs and  EPA activities;  produces  newsletters  for internal  EPA
use; supports television and  radio outlets  nationwide with  audiovisual  materials
explaining EPA programs;  and  reviews  all  public information  materials for  confor-
mance to the Agency's Graphics Standards System.

     Office of Community  and Intergovernmental Relations — This Office  serves  as
the Agency's principal point of contact with  major national  public  interest groups,
environmental groups, industry  representatives,  and   State  and local  governments,
and advises the Administrator and other Agency officials on the positions  and views
of these  groups and  develops  appropriate strategies  for  effective  interactions
and dialogue with  them  and their  constituencies.   The  Office will continue  to
                                       MS-40

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emphasize the Administrator's  concern  for developing cooperation with  and support
for delegating  Agency  programs to State  and  local  governments and  for  broadening
the base of involvement in the Agency's regulatory-decision-making process, and for
ensuring appropriate citizen involvement in Agency decisions and actions.

     Office of Federal Activities (OFA) --  This Office develops  national  policies
for dealing with environmental  issues and  problems associated with Federal agencies.
Specifically, OFA: 1)  ensures  that  EPA prepares Environmental  Impact Statements or
Findings of No  Significant Impact  for those Agency programs  specifically covered
by the  National  Environmental  Policy Act  (NEPA),  and   assists  Agency  programs
with reviews that are the  functional  equivalent for  those programs that  are  not
specifically covered by  NEPA,    2)  oversees Federal  facility  compliance  with  all
EPA pollution control  requirements,  pursuant to Executive  Order  12088,  3) ensures
that Federal agencies carry out their activities in an environmentally sound manner
pursuant to the  National Environmental Policy Act and Section  309  of the Clean Air
Act,  4)  develops  policies for dealing  with  environmental  problems  on  Indian
reservations and  implements such policies,   and 5)  files  and  publishes  notices of
all Federal Environmental  Impact Statements in support of  the  Council  on  Environ-
mental Quality.


OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $1,027,100 supported  by  20.4 total  workyears
for 1989, all of which will be  for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
represents an increase of $47,700 and  no  change in  total  workyears from 1988.  The
increase will provide  for increased operating  costs.  During 1989, the  Office will
continue to ensure that  testimony,  draft legislation, and  analyses  and  reports on
pending and proposed  legislation will  be  developed  and   provided to OMB  and  the
Congress in a timely fashion and  consistent with Agency and Administration policies.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is   allocating  a  total   of  $979,400  supported   by  20.4
total workyears  for  this  Office, all  of which  is  from the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.   The  1988  program includes  developing draft legislative proposals
extending the appropriations required  for seven of EPA's  major  statutory  authori-
ties.  In addition, the Office  did extensive  analyses  in connection with a multitude
of significant amendments  to the Clean Air Act and other  air-related issues.  The
Office also has begun preparation of the 1988  legislative program and selected areas
in which legislative  proposals  were  considered  for  possible   introduction during
the remainder of the- 100th Congress.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a  total  of $888,500  supported  by  17.5 total
workyears for this Office,  all  of which was from the Salaries and  Expenses appro-
priation.  The  Office  developed draft  legislative  proposals extending  the appro-
priations required  for all of  EPA's  major  statutory  authorities.   In 1987,  the
Office developed  testimony  and  related material  for 109 hearings, reviewed  and
responded to 145 bills referred to the  Agency from OMB and  Congressional committees,
120 draft legislative  reports  proposed by  other agencies,  and 172  statements or
testimony of other agencies.
                                       MS-41

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OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $939,200  supported by  21.0 total  workyears
for 1989, all  of  which  will  be for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
represents an  increase  of  $43,400  and no change  in total workyears. •  The increase
will provide  for  increased operating costs.   The budget request will  enable  the
Office to provide  effective  day-to-day  liaison with  the  Congress and  will  ensure
that increasing Member  and Committee  requests are handled in  a timely manner.  The
Office will  continue to represent  the views of the Agency  to  Congress, coordinate
EPA-related hearings and  supervise daily  interaction  with Congressional  Members
and staff.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency -is  allocating  a total  of  $895,800  supported by  21.0
total workyears  for  this  Office,  all of  which is  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  The  budget request  enables  the  Office to   continue  to  provide
effective day-to-day liaison  with  Congress as it examines  legislation  relating to
environmental issues.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated  a total  of  $842,500 supported  by  18.2 total
workyears for this Office, all  of  which  was from the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation.  The Office of  Congressional  Liaison was responsible  for  all day-to-day
Congressional contacts,  including more than 250 briefings of Members and/or  Staff,
involvement in approximately  108 hearings,  and coordination of  numerous meetings,
courtesy calls, specific Committee investigative  information requests  and casework
generated by Congress.


OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $2,680,900  supported  by  42.5 total  workyears
for 1989, all  of  which  will  be for the Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.  This
represents an increase   of $45,600 and no change in total workyears  from 1988.  The
increase will provide for  increased operating  costs.   In 1989,  the Office of Public
Affairs will  continue  to   inform,  educate, and involve the public  on  the  issues
before the  Agency and  to  promote  understanding  of the  Agency's mission and  the
Administrator's goals and  objectives.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $2,635,300 supported by 42.5 to-
tal workyears  for this Office, all   of  which is from the Salaries* and Expenses
appropriation.  In addition to  working with the news media and  providing informa-
tional materials  for the general public, OPA  is emphasizing: (1) improving coordi-
nation within  the Agency  of  communication  activities related to  major  Agency
actions, and (2)  strengthening long-range planning of  public information activities
in coordination with major EPA program offices and the Regional offices.


1987 Accompli shments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a total of $2,579,800  supported by 45.5 total
workyears for this Office, all  of  which  was from the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
                                        MS-42

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priation.  In  addition  to the general activities  of informing the news  media  and
providing Information material to the public, the Office focused on Agency priority
issues of concern  to  the public and provided communications support for  major  EPA
initiatives.


OFFICE OF COMMUNITY AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of $879,300  supported  by 14.4 total workyears  for
this Office,  all  of  which will be  for the  Salaries  and  Expenses  appropriation.
This represents an increase of $32,100 and no change in total  workyears  from 1988.
The increase  will  provide  for  increased  operating costs.   In  1989,  the  Office
expects to  continue  its  implementation  of leadership  and guidance activities  to
support community  relations  efforts  throughout  the Agency,  to  maintain  Agency
liaison with  State and  local  officials while  increasing   activities  to  enhance
technology  transfer  capabilities   and  ensure  emphasis  on enhanced  Federalism.
In addition, the Agency plans to increase communications with private sector organ-
izations not  traditionally  involved  in  environmental  efforts, provide  continuing
assistance in delegation  of environmental programs to State and local  governments,
and implement the  President's Environmental  Youth Awards  program and other  youth
outreach activities.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $847,200  supported by  14.4
total workyears for this Office, all  of which  is  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  During this year, the Office is  developing and beginning  implement-
ation of  Agency guidance and  leadership  in  community  relations activities  for
specific media programs through national  organizations and communications strategies
which allow maximum appropriate  public involvement  in EPA's decisions.   The Office
is continuing to enhance EPA's relationships with  the  States through the  ongoing
State/EPA Committee and Its various ad-hoc work  groups,  developing ongoing communi-
cations with  major environmental  and other  interest  groups  as  well  as  private
sector organizations.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a total  of  $813,900  supported  by 14.1  total
workyears for  this Office,   all  of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation. During  1987, the  Office established an ongoing series  of  briefings
relating to national  environmental organization  leadership,  began implementing  the
Agency's Youth  Program,  absorbed  and  redirected the .staff  of  EPA's  Community
Relations Division from the  Office of  Public Affairs, and through the  State/EPA
Committee addressed major national  environmental  concerns  of  both  States  and
EPA.


OFFICE OF FEDERAL  ACTIVITIES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $1,946,500  supported by 30.9 total  workyears
for this Office, all  of which will be for  the Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.
This represents an increase  of $47,100  and  no  change   in  total workyears.   The
increase will provide  for increased operating  costs.  The  Office of Federal  Activi-
ties (OFA) will:  maintain oversight  concerning  EPA's compliance  with  the National
Environmental Policy   Act, including  preparation  of the  necessary environmental
documents for NEPA compliance,  such  as Environmental Impact Statements  (EISs)  and
                                       MS-43

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Findings of No  Significant Impact (FNSIs); direct activities to  assure  compliance
by other Federal  agencies with  all  environmental .statutes  pursuant to  Executive
Order 12088;  and  review  the budget  plans of  other agencies  to assure  adequate
funding of abatement projects pursuant to  Office  of  Management and  Budget Circular
A-106; review other  Federal  agencies' projects  and  actions, including  their  EISs
in accordance with Section 309 of the Clean Air Act and NEPA; coordinate  the imple-
mentation of  EPA  programs  on Indian  reservations;  and  continue  its  Council  on
Environmental Quality EIS filing  activities.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $1,899,400  supported by  30.9
total workyears for  this Office, all  of which  is  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  The  Office  continues  to:  ensure that  EPA programs  operate  in
comformance with  NEPA direct  activities  pursuant to  Executive  Order  12088  and
Office of Management and Budget  Circular  A-106  related  to  compliance of  Federal
installations with environmental  regulations;  review  other Federal  actions  for
potential environmental  impact, analyze  EPA policies associated with  other Federal
agencies; and oversee  the implementation  of  EPA's Indian Policy, and operate  the
Federal EIS filing effort.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a total of  $1,796,700 supported by  33.3 total
workyears for this Office, all of which was from the Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion.  The Office  focused its activity on:  improving  allocation and control of fund-
ing for the preparation of NEPA documents (EISs and FNSIs); implementing new proced-
ures for both review of  Federal agency actions  and interaction with  other agencies
as required by  NEPA  and  Section   309  of  the Clean Air Act;  increasing emphasis  on
compliance of Federal  agencies with Federal  statutory  environmental  requirements;
developing and implementing an Agency policy with Indian tribes relating to environ-
mental issues on reservation lands.
                                       MS-44

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   Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation

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 I
-p»
U1
                                                           AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                               Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation

ACTUAL
1988
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1987
BUDGET
REQUEST
1989
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Policy
Analysis
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Office of Standards &
Regulations
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
$785.7
$785.7
$3,332.8
$3,332.8
$7,559.2
$7,559.2
$4,754.4
$4,754.4
$910.4
$910.4
$2,971.6
$2,971.6
$10,194.7
$.10,194.7
$5,398.7
$5,398.7
$875.6
$875.6
$2,869.0
$2,869.0
$10,094.9
$10,094.9
$5,355.2
$5,355.2
$875.6
$875.6
$2,869.0
$2,869.0
$10,094.9
$10,094.9
$5,355.2
$5,355.2
$888.1
$888.1
$2,884.0
$2,884.0
$11,712.5
$11,712.5
$5,410.1
$5,410.1
$12.5
$12.5
$15.0
$15.0
$1,617.6
$1,617.6
$54.9
$54.9
                Office of Management
                Systems & Evaluation
                 Salaries £ Expenses
                TOTAL:
                 Salaries * Expenses
        $2,719.0   $2,948.7   $2,803;7   $2,803.7   $2,945.6     $141.9
TOTAL   $2,719.0   $2,948.7   $2,803.7   $2,803.7   $2,945.6     $141.9
       $19,151.1  $22,424.1  $21,998.4  $21,998.4  $23,840.3  $1,841.9
                Office of Policy,      TOTAL  $19.151.1  $22,424.1  $21,998.4  $21,998.4  $23,840.3   $1,841.9
                Planning and Evaluation

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*>.
Ot
                                                          AGENCY  MANAGEMENT

                                             Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation

                                                        BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT              INCREASE +
                                             ACTUAL    ESTIMATE    ENACTED   ESTIMATE    REQUEST   DECREASE -
                                              1987       1988       1988       1988       1989    1989 VS 1988

PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Policy, Planning And
Evaluation
Integrated
Environmental
Management Program
Office of Policy
Analysis
Office of Standards «
Regulations
Office of Management
Systems £ Evaluation
TOTAL PERMANENT WORK YEARS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

12.3 14.9 14.9 13.9 14.9 1.0
14.1 19.0 19.0 18.0 19.0 1.0
49.2 62.9 62.9 51.9 60.8 8.9
59.7 69.3 69.3 57.5 66.8 9.3
49.2 55.0 55.0 47.6 52.6 5.0
184.5 221.1 191.1 188.9 214.1 25.2
              TOTAL WORKYEARS
              Program Management -
              Policy, Planning And
              Evaluation

              Integrated
              Environmental
              Management Program

              Office of Policy
              Analysis
14.8
21.1
58.4
14.9
19.0
62.9
14.9
19.0
62.9
14.9
19.0
60.8
14.9
19.0
                                            60.8

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                                                             AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                                 Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation

                                                            BUDGET                CURRENT              INCREASE +
                                                 ACTUAL    ESTIMATE    ENACTED   ESTIMATE    REQUEST   DECREASE -
                                                  1987       1988       1988       1988       1989    1989 VS 1988

                                                       (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

                 Office of Standards &              66.2       69.3       69.3       66.8       66.8
                 Regulations

                 Office of Management               53.2       55.0       55.0       52.6       52.6
                 Systems & Evaluation

                 TOTAL WORKYEARS                   213.7      221.1      221.1      214.1      214.1
4^
-J

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                     Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests a total  of  $23,840,300  supported  by 214.1 total  workyears
for 1989,  an  increase of $1,841,900 and no  change  in total workyears  from 1988.
All of the request will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     The Office  of  Policy,  Planning  and  Evaluation  (OPPE), under the  guidance of
the Assistant Administrator, directs  the Agency's regulation development and review
process, formulates Agency policy, and develops planning strategy.

     Specifically, OPPE  reviews   all   EPA regulations  to  ensure   consistency  with
Agency policy, coordinates all internal Agency reviews of regulations, and examines
regulatory alternatives.  Through Its  analyses  of  the economic  and  environmental
effects of EPA's  regulations,  policies,  and  guidance as well as evaluations of the
effectiveness of ongoing Agency  programs,  OPPE plays a significant role  in policy
formulation.  Besides  developing a  framework for  a  well-run  strategic  planning
process, OPPE ensures  that  EPA's  program  objectives  and  environmental  goals  are
clearly defined and met.

      In addition, OPPE participates in special issues such as global  climate, risk
communication, and integrated  environmental  management,   it emphasizes risk reduc-
tion; coordinated,  cross-media  approaches to  environmental  problems  and  the effi-
cient and effective delivery of environmental results.

     Program Management - Policy, Planning and Evaluation —  This program  element
supports the Assistant  Administrator'sImmediate Office  and provides  senior  OPPE
managers  with   policy  direction,   program  planning,  budgeting   and   resource
management.

     Integrated  Environmental   Management   Program  (IEMP) —  The IEMP implements
pollution management strategies through Federal-1evel, state-level, and geographic-
specific approaches to program integration.

     Office of Policy Analysis (OPA)   —  OPA  conducts  analyses   of  the  economic
impacts, feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of regulations,  policies, and
guidance, and  advises  senior  EPA managers  on  how  the results  of  such  analyses
should influence Agency decision-making.

     Office of Standards and Regulations (OSR)   —    OSR    manages   the   Agency's
regulation development and  review process,  improves the statistical  and  technical
quality of EPA  regulations  and data  collection,  and develops innovative approaches
and alternatives to regulation.

     Office  of  Management  Systems   and  Evaluation (OMSE)  — OMSE   operates  the
Agency's central planning and management process  and conducts program effectiveness
studies and Regional planning  initiatives  in order  to ensure that programs achieve
the Agency's objectives.
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PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of  $888,100  supported  by  14.9 total  workyears for
this program,  all  of which  will  be for  the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.
This represents  an increase  of $12,500  and  no  change in  total  workyears.   The
increase will provide for increased operating  costs.

   .  This request  will  provide the  Assistant Administrator with  sufficient  staff
and resources  for  the policy  direction,  special  analyses,  and budgetary and ad-
ministrative support necessary to manage OPPE  and its component offices efficiently
and effectively.   It also   will  enable  the  Agency  to respond appropriately  to
General Accounting Office evaluations of EPA programs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $875,600  supported by 14.9  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation.  This  program is  providing  overall  policy  direction  and  conducting  the
activities necessary to manage the component offices of OPPE.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of $785,700  supported  by  14.8  total
workyears for this program,  all of which  was  from the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation.  These  funds  supported the  basic  budgetary,  administrative,  analytic,
and planning activities necessary to manage OPPE.


INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $2,884,000  supported  by  19.0 total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.
This represents  an increase  of $15,000  and  no  change in  total  workyears.   The
increase will provide for increased operating  costs.

     IEMP will complete  a limited number of State and Regional demonstration projects
designed as models for transferring multi-media, risk-based environmental management
methods to the States and Regions.   Specific  products include:  State/Regional use
of risk-based tools and integrated environmental  management processes to set envi-
ronmental management  priorities;  State/Regional  implementation  of  environmental
action plans based  on those priorities; and institutionalization  of a negotiation
process between State-,  Regional, and national program managers which appropriately
reflects an efficient balance of Federal/Iocal partnership  to address environmental
issues and provides the basis  for measuring the value of pollution control  action.
Nonparticipating States and  Regions  will  receive  some technical  assistance.   The
science policy  group  will  focus on  transferring use  of risk  analysis techniques
to States and  Regions,  and  on translating scientific  research into  policies and
procedures needed for decision-making.   As EPA comes to rely more on risk assessment/
management as  the  basis for management and  regulatory  decisions, the scientific
underpinnings of risk assessment become increasingly vital.   Projects will include:
development of  weight-of-evidence  classification  and possibly potency estimation
procedures for  non-cancer effects --  both enabling  EPA officials to  make  fuller
use of the available information in weighing costs  and health  benefits for  various
regulatory alternatives;  increased   standardization  of methods  and  models  used
for  exposure  assessment;   creation  of  classification   schemes   for addressing
scientific  uncertainty  in   cross-media   comparative  risk  analysis; development
                                      MS-49

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of specific  criteria for  evaluating  environmental threats  posed by  contaminated
sediments; and identification  of  biological  parameters that can  be  used  to define
and project the effectiveness of EPA regulatory programs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $2,869,000  supported  by  19.0
total workyears for  this  program,  all  of  which  is from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     IEMP is  completing  the  Denver  project  and  beginning  the transition  from
these  methodology-building,   site-specific    pollution   control   initiatives  to
institutionalization of  cross-media risk, cost   analysis,  and decision-making  by
sponsorship of  five  Regional  and  State-level  integration  programs  and  through
technical  assistance to non-program Regions  and  States.   This institutionalization
work is currently proceeding in Regions I, III, and X, in Pennsylvania and Colorado
and for the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa  Indians.  IEMP also is documenting all
of its  geographic  and  State pilot projects  which will  be an essential  resource
for localities and  States  as they undertake  their  own  site-specific projects.  In
addition,  work  on   developing  quantitative  methods  to  assess   non-cancer  health
effects is continuing.   IEMP also is performing  case  studies of  the  risk assess-
ments for two chemicals  to  provide decision-makers with  a  better understanding of
the uncertainties and margins  of safety  in  Agency risk assessments.  In  order to
more accurately reflect actual  exposure conditions and risks, a study of risks from
air toxics is planned.


1987 Accomplishments                             '

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $3,332,800 supported  by  21.1 total
workyears for this program, all of  which  was  from the  Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.

     Through its  site-specific  integration   projects,  IEMP  assisted  regulatory
agencies at all  levels of government to improve their ability to set priorities for
toxics evaluation and possible control  across media, and to  devise  toxics control
strategies for priority  problems  that combine explicit cost-effectiveness considera-
tions with statutory and administrative ease  of implementation.  IEMP continued its
work in Denver and completed site-specific projects in  Baltimore,  Santa  Clara, and
Kanawha Valley.  In addition IEMP sponsored a workshop to develop weight-of-evidence
schemes for the  assessment  of the hazards  of  non-cancer  health effects.   These
schemes will   aid  analysts  and decision-makers in  understanding  the  strength and
extensiveness of toxicological data used  to  develop risk estimates  for  non-cancer
health effects.  IEMP also  examined the extent and  severity  of contaminated marine
sediments and planned a workshop to develop management options.


OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $11,712,500  supported by  60.8 total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an  increase of $1,617,600 and no change in total  workyears.   The
increase is to  fund studies on  global  climate  change and provide  support  to the
Center for Risk Management.

     OPA will analyze EPA's highest priority  regulatory  actions and  non-regulatory
Initiatives, Including  policy   implications   of   the   National  Acid  Precipitation
Program's final  report,  implementation issues  for the  chlorofluorocarbons  (CFCs)
control and tropospheric  ozone programs,  integrated water  quality-based targeting


                                       MS-50

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strategy  Implementation,   cross-media   Impacts   of  solid  wastes   and hazardous
substances, the  Pesticides Macro  Project, the  Environmental  Resources  Inventory
Project, industrial  wastes  under  Subtitle  D,  and  "special  waste"  regulatory
programs.  Benefit/cost  analyses  required  under  Executive  Order  (E.O.)  12291
will continue  in  all program  areas  with  emphasis  on valuation of  ozone damages,
fuel desulfurization,  hazardous  waste  regulations,  and  hazardous waste  industry
capacity.  The Economic  Research  Program will  continue to help  develop  new analy-
tical methods  to  improve  risk management.   Work  on risk  assessment/management/
communication will  focus  on  training  for  EPA staff and technical  assistance  to
program and Regional  offices  on  specific  risk  communication  problems.  OPA also
will provide  the  Agency  support  for  the Center  for  Risk  Management which  is
studying a series of long-term risk issues.

     In the area of  global  climate change, OPA will  work  closely  with the  Offices
of Research and  Development,  and Air  and Radiation to  follow  up  on two  major
reports to Congress  on  "Policy Options  for Stabilizing Climate" and  the "Environ-
mental  Effects of Climate  Change"  to  be transmitted in early  1989  as well  as with
other agencies  and  organizations  on  climate  issues,   representing EPA  in  the
Interagency National  Climate  Program and  at  conferences sponsored  by the  World
Meteorological Organization   and   United   Nations   Environmental Programme.   It
will refine the analytical framework for  analyzing stabilization, begin to  build
modeling systems  for effects,  participate in  international  activities  and  basic
outreach  and  communication   efforts,   study   adaptive   responses, and   work  on
climate signal detection  and  on   removing  uncertainties  in various  parts of  the
analysis.


1988 Program             •

     In 1988,  the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $10,094,900 supported  by 60.8
total workyears for  this program,  all  of  which  is  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.

     With these  resources, OPA is focusing on  new  stationary  and  mobile  source
controls, new  drinking  water  standards, the National  Estuaries  Program, wetlands,
non-point sources, Subtitle D regulations for industrial landfills  and mining waste,
alternatives for revising  definition of  hazardous waste  and  improving the listing/
deli sting process,  and  new activities  concerning  stratospheric ozone protection.
Its continuing efforts in the area of global climate  change  include completing two
draft reports  to  Congress, the initial   framework for estimating future concentra-
tions of trace gases and global temperatures, and analyses of the impact of climate
change on California, the  Great Plains,  South East and Great Lakes.  OPA's Benefits
Program is overseeing implementation of E.O. 12291 and is concentrating on materials
damage assessment, enforcement  issues in hazardous  waste, and  risk  estimation for
pesticide decisions.  The  Economic Research Program  is  proceeding with  its  major
pesticides policy  project  and  looking  at  improved  morbidity  risk  valuation  and
labeling for toxic chemicals  and  pesticides as  a  supplement  to traditional  regula-
tion.  It also is expanding methodology development and testing for risk communica-
tion as an alternative to  regulation for problems, such as indoor radon and lead in
home drinking  water.  OPA  is  continuing its efforts  to improve EPA's abilities and
the public's  understanding in the areas  of risk assessment,  risk management, and
risk communication through training  and  by working with  the programs to implement
risk-based decision-making.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated a total  of $7,559,200 supported  by  58.4 total
workyears for this program, all of which was  from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.
                                       MS-51

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     OPA continued to  oversee implementation of E.O.  12291,  producing  analyses of
EPA's highest priority regulatory  actions  including  major air issues, new drinking
water standards, implications  of proposed Subtitle D  standards,  initial  deep well
ban decisions, and the  final  leaking underground storage tank  regulations  as well
as non-regulation  specific  initiatives,  such   as  geographic-based  environmental
management (e.g.,  Great  Lakes  region)  and  risk  and benefits-based  enforcement.
OPA's global   climate  change  efforts  included   starting  work  on  two   reports  to
Congress, building the framework  for analysis of options to stabilize the atmosphere,
and providing technical support for bilateral activities on climate with the Soviet
Union, China, and Canada.   It represented EPA in the  interagency National  Climate
Program and supported the United  States delegation to  the  international negotiations
on CFCs.   OPA directed  the  Comparative  Risk   Project  which  compared the  risks
addressed by different EPA programs.   In addition, OPA's Benefits  Program focused
on advanced treatment  and pesticides and  placed new  emphasis  on materials damage
assessment, indoor air quality (radon), and region/site specific benefits analysis.
Its Economic Research  Program valued reduction   of pollution  in wetlands,  analyzed
the value of various  aspects  of  state enforcement programs, and undertook  new work
on the valuation of risk reduction at hazardous  waste sites.


OFFICE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of  $5,410,100  supported by 66.8  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase of $54,900 and no change  in  total  workyears.   The in-
crease is for additional  assistance  and  Paperwork  Reduction Act (PRA) oversight in
the collection  and  dissemination  of data   EPA must collect  under  Title  III.

     OSR will continue  to administer and  direct the  Agency's  internal  regulation
review and analysis  process  and  to provide quality  control and  clearance  for all
EPA reporting and recordkeeping  required  of  the  public.   It will  review regulatory
and policy documents  for  compliance  with Executive Orders  (E.O.)  12291  and 12498,
the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the amended PRA, and Federal Register requirements.
OSR will  aid  programs in  improving  survey design, sampling, monitoring,  and data
analysis methods as well  as support  implementation  of Data  Quality Objectives.  It
also will adapt  the  statistical  resources allocation model  (enforcement targeting)
for broader application in additional program areas.   OSR will  continue to promote
the use of consultative and consensual activities in issue resolution and decision-
making and negotiation as  an alternative  to conventional rule-making where appropri-
ate.  Regulatory innovations  will  focus  on waste minimization/management and safer
pesticides.  Pesticides support will  emphasize a  generic approach  to risk reduction,
e.g., integrated pest management and  clustering  of  pesticides for analysis by use,
so that additional  resources may be devoted to biotechnology  issues such as tracking,
monitoring, and  emergency response   strategies.   Analyses   in  the  area of  toxic
substances will  focus on policy development.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $5,355,200 supported  by 66.8
total workyears  for this  program,  all of  which  is  from the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.

     With these  resources, OSR  is ensuring  compliance with  the  Executive  Orders,
the amended PRA, and other requirements  by continuing its  technical,  statistical
and policy review of  existing regulations as  well  as those  under development.  OSR
also is ensuring effective and efficient information collection and analysis, pro-
viding support to the program and Regional  offices  in the collection  of  data and
statistical analysis of data for  regulatory decisions,  and investigating application
of its  resource  allocation 'model  to additional program areas.   OSR  is  further


                                       MS-52

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reinforcing and institutionalizing the new Steering Committee process and continuing
to promote the use of consultative and consensual techniques.  All review of indivi-
dual bubbles  and  work on  pollution trading is  being completed  and  the  focus  is
turning toward regulatory innovations  in the  areas of solid waste  and  pesticides.
OSR is  continuing oversight  and  support of  the Office  of  Pesticides  and  Toxics
Substances contributing  to  the development  of  methods  for  streamlining the  new
chemicals program;  improvements  in the Agency   strategy  for controlling  existing
chemicals,  and  demonstration  of  the  use  of  a  cluster approach  in performing
comparative risk/benefit analyses.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total  of  $4,754,400 supported by  66.2  total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Salaries  and  Expenses appro-
priation.

     OSR managed the Agency's  regulation development  and  review  processes,  ensured
Agency compliance with the PRA, ensured the  technical  quality of Agency  regulations
and policies, and improved  the statistical  quality of Agency regulations  and  data
collection and analysis activities.  OSR also pilot-tested the inspection allocation
model  developed  in   1986 for  the  Stationary  Source program  to demonstrate  Its
value in  conserving  enforcement  resources and  further  refined  the  statistical
maximum likelihood algorithm enabling the Agency to successfully analyze teratology
data.   OSR also developed and  implemented substantial  improvements  in the  Steering
Committee process, completed  three negotiated  rules  and  further demonstrated  the
value of various  consensual  and  consultative  techniques in  dispute resolution  and
management decision-making.  In addition,  OSR continued to work  on  specific chemi-
cals of concern,  e.g.,  chlorinated solvents,  asbestos, and  formaldehyde,  and  con-
tributed substantially to developing the concept of integrated pest management  and
pilot testing a cluster  approach  to more focused pesticide  cancellation decisions.
A strategy for  handing off implementation  of  the Emissions Trading Policy  to  the
program office  was  developed  and  approaches   to  waste  minimization  explored.


OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EVALUATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of  $2,945,600  supported  by 52.6 total  workyears
for this program,  all of which will be for the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an  increase of $141,900  and no change  1n  total  workyears.   The
Increase is* to  improve  the  Agency's  planning  and  priority  setting  process.

     OMSEwill continue  to  manage and refine  the Agency's planning and management
system in 1989,  supporting the Agency's management reviews, assuring  an  accurate
Information base on Agency performance, focusing on improving cross-media guidance,
working for a more effective role  for  States  in  planning  and  priority  setting,
and assisting the Agency  in building  its  capacity  to set priorities  on the  basis
of risk.  In the  area  of  Regional  risk   management  capacity,  OMSE   will   work
to  integrate  the  Agency's data  management  programs   in  the  Regions with their
evolving roles in risk management and demonstrate ways  to  use  existing  environ-
mental data  for priority setting.  Cross-media  evaluations   will  address  issues
such as hazardous waste and hazardous  substance  impacts on  surface  water and agri-
cultural chemicals in groundwater.  OMSE also will  study  ways to strengthen State/
EPA programs  in such  areas  as  control of  air  toxics emissions,  emergency planning,
and ground water  protection and evaluate  progress in  solid  waste   management   and
waste minimization.
                                        MSr53

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total  of  $2,803,700 supported by 52.6 total
workyears for this program, all of which is  from the Salaries and Expenses appropri-
ation.

     With these  resources,  OMSE  is  managing the Agency's planning  and management
systems to ensure that resources are directed at the most significant environmental
results, and to  maintain  an  active information system on the Agency's performance.
Emphasis is  on   increasing  consistency in  the  guidance document  across programs,
better reflecting  Regional  and  State  variability  in programs  and   needs,  and
furthering development of environmental indicators  in the guidance  process.  OMSE
is coordinating the Agency's 1990 planning process with  an emphasis on consolidating
the improvements  now underway  in cross-media  cooperation,  Regional  flexibility,
resolution of  State/EPA   issues  in technology transfer and  program  delivery,  and
building risk management  capability in the Regions.   OMSE is preparing an update of
the 1984  document,  "Environmental  Progress  and Challenges",  the  only  national
report on  environmental   progress  and  EPA  programs.   Program  evaluations  already
completed or  in  progress include  examination  of EPA's experience with negotiated
rulemaking, indoor  radon  problems,   risk  communication,  and   followup to  OMSE's
review of EPA/State relations and performance.  OMSE  also is reviewing the benefit of
a waste minimization clearinghouse.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a  total  of $2,719,000 supported  by 53.2 total
workyears for this program, all  of which  was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.

     OMSE improved the  Agency's longer-term planning process  by  focusing  on five
strategic planning initiatives,  increasing the  level  of analysis of  3-to-5 year
planning issues,  and  managing  a priority-setting  process  which identified  the
Agency's most  significant  challenges.   OMSE  supported  the  Agency's  quarterly
management reviews and Regional  reviews with staff work on Agency performance and
management issues,  and  increased  the   scope and  breadth of  the  bi-weekly action
tracking meetings  with   senior  managers.   In  the  area of  Regional  planning  and
analysis capability, OMSE completed two Regional  pilot studies to assess the extent
to which the Agency's management systems provide adequate flexibility to  the Regions
to pursue high risk  environmental  problems unique to each Region.  OMSE completed
major studies  of the  Agency's  planning  and  management  system  and  of State/EPA
delegation and oversight  practices,  leading to the current focus on  higher quality
performance measures  and  balanced reporting systems.   OMSE reviewed Agency over-
sight of  public  water  supply  programs  and  led an  initiative  to  implement  the
Agency's management themes, including special emphasis on the  issue  of State involve-
ment in planning and  management.  In accordance with EPA's  increasing  emphasis on
risk assessment  and  management,  OMSE  conducted  an  in-depth  study of  the Agency's
use of risk  advisories and a  review  of risk-based decision-making in the hazardous
waste program.
                                        MS-54

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Office of Administration
         and
Resources Management

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                                            AGENCY  MANAGEMENT

                             Office of Administration and Resource Management
                   BUDGET                CURRENT
        ACTUAL    ESTIMATE    ENACTED   ESTIMATE
         1987        1988       1988       1988
                                                                            BUDGET    INCREASE +
                                                                            REQUEST    DECREASE -
                                                                             1989     1989 VS  1988
PROGRAM
                                      (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Program Management -
Administration
 Salaries & Expenses
Financial Management
Headquarters
 Salaries « Expenses
Office of the
Comptroller
 Salaries & Expenses
 Operations, Research
 and Facilities
Contracts and Grants
Management
 Salaries * Expenses
Personnel and
Organization Services
 Salaries & Expenses
        $1,462.2   $1,448.7   $1,314.5
TOTAL   $1,462.2   $1,448.7   $1,314.5
        $6,351.0   $6,308.0   $6,188.7
TOTAL   $6,351.0   $6,308.0   $6,188.7
        $5,613.6   $6,253.6   $6,439.9
           $38.9
                                         $1,314.5   $1,381.1
                                         $1,314.5   $1,381.1
                                         $6,188.7    $6,478.4
                                         $6,188.7    $6,478.4
                                         $6,439.9    $6,562.6
TOTAL   $5,652.5   $6,253.6   $6,439.9   $6,439.9   $6,562.6
       $10,049.3  $10,681.8  $10,335.5
TOTAL  $10,049.3  $10,681.8  $10,335.5
        $8,007.6   $8,153.0   $7,646.9
TOTAL   $8,007.6   $8,153.0   $7,646.9
Facilities  & Management
Services
 Salaries * Expenses
         $6,573.0   $7,245.5   $6,829.6
TOTAL    $6,573.0   $7,245.5   $6,829.6
                                        $10,335.5  $10,484.5
                                        $10,335.5  $10,484.5
                                         $7,646.9   $7,683.8
                                         $7,646.9   $7,683.8
                                         $6,829.6   $7,033.1
                                         $6,829.6   $7,033.1
                                                                                        $66.6
                                                                                        $66.6
                                                                                       $289.7
                                                                                       $289.7
                                                                                       $122.7


                                                                                       $122.7
                                                                                       $149.0
                                                                                       $149.0
                                                                                        $36.9
                                                                                        $36.9
                                                                                       $203.5
                                                                                       $203.5

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                                           AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                             Office  of Administration and Resource Management

                                           BUDGET                 CURRENT    BUDGET     INCREASE +
                                ACTUAL    ESTIMATE    ENACTED    ESTIMATE    REQUEST    DECREASE -
                                 1987      1988        1988       1988       1989     1989  VS  1988

                                      (DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)

Information Systems &
Services
 Salaries & Expenses           $8,073.2   $8,087.9    $7,813.7    $7,813.7    $8,313.7     $500.0
                       TOTAL   $8,073.2   $8,087.9    $7,813.7    $7,813.7    $8,313.7     $500.0

Office of Human
Resources Management
 Salaries & Expenses           $1,593.5   $1.455.6    $1,587.1    $1,587.1    $1,945.8     $318.7
                       TOTAL   $1,593.5   $1,455.6    $1,587.1    $1.587.1    $1.945.8     $318.7

Administrative
Management - Title III
  Salaries & Expenses                                   645.3       645.3       645.5        $.2
                       TOTAL                            645.3       645.3       645.5        $.2

TOTAL :
 Salaries & Expenses          $47.723.4  $49,634.1   $48,801.2   $48,801.2   $50.528.5   $1.727.3
 Operations, Research             $38.9
 and Facilities

Office of Admlnl-      TOTAL  $47.762.3  $49.634.1   $48,801.2  $48,801.2  $50,528.5   $1.727.3
stratlon and Resource
Management


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                             13?'7      I37'7      135'7

                                   67'3       69"7       68-7       "-°

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l/>
en
Resources Management

Administrative
Management - Title III
                                            AGENCY  MANAGEMENT

                             Office of Administration and Resource Management

                                           BUDGET                CURRENT    BUDGET    INCREASE +
                                ACTUAL    ESTIMATE     ENACTED   ESTIMATE    REQUEST    DECREASE -
                                 1987       1988       1988       1988       1989    1989  VS  1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems *
Services
Office of Human
211.2
157.3
161.2
137.3
24.5
226.0
174.9
175.3
146.2
23.2
228.6
174.9
175.3
152.2
24.2
222.6
158.3
167.5
146.6
22.9
226.1
173.4
177.5
150.7
24.9
3.5
15.1
10.0
4.1
2.0
                                                                         2.7
                        2.7
                        2.7
TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
                                                 907.0
974.0
985.3
948.3
990.3
42.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Program Management -
Administration

Financial Management
Headquarters

Office of the
Comptroller
                                                  24.4       21.0       21.0       21.8       22.0        .2
                                                 131.9      137.7      137.7      141.0
                                 141.0
                                                  71.2       69.7       68.7       73.0       72.0      -1.0

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oo
                                                            AGENCY MANAGEMENT

                                             Office of Administration and Resource Management

                                                            BUDGET                CURRENT     BUDGET     INCREASE +
                                                ACTUAL    ESTIMATE    ENACTED   ESTIMATE     REQUEST    DECREASE -
                                                  1987       1988        1988       1988       1989     1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Contracts and Grants
Management
Personnel and
Organization Services
Facilities & Management
Services
Information Systems &
Services
Office of Human
Resources Management
Administrative
Management - Title III
TOTAL WORKYEARS
217.2
176.4
171.0
147.7
24.7

964.5
226.0
174.9
175.3
146.2
23.2

974.0
228.6
174.9
175.3
152.2
24.2
2.7
985.3
226.3
173.4
173.5
150.7
23.9
2.7
986.3
226.1
173.4
177.5
150.7
24.9
2.7
990.3
-.2

4.0

1.0

4.0

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                 Agency Management


                 Office of Administration and Resources Management
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $50,528,500 supported  by  990.3  total  workyears
for 1989, an increase of $1,727,300 and an Increase of 4.0 total workyears from 1988.
All of the request is for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.

Program Description

     The Office of Administration and  Resources Management (OARM)  performs  admini-
strative management and support functions to all of EPA, and  provides a  full  range
of administrative services to  Headquarters  and our two largest  non-Regional  field
operations ~ Research Triangle  Park  (RTP), North Carolina  and Cincinnati,  Ohio.
The Office also controls the Agency's  central  planning and budgeting process  which
allocates workyear and financial  resources among program areas and  ensures adequate
funds control.  In addition,  the Office directs a Human Resources Management  program
for all Agency employees.

     The Immediate Office  of the Assistant Administrator  provides  overall  program
direction and resource management for  all Office activities,  as  well as Agencywide
administrative support policy.  There  are six  organizational components  under  the
Assistant Administrator for  Administration  and  Resources Management:   Office  of
the Comptroller, Office .of Administration,  Office of  Information Resources  Manage-
ment, Office  of Human  Resources Management, and the  Offices of Administration  at
Research Triangle Park  and  Cincinnati.   The  Office  of  the Comptroller provides
Agencywide financial   services  as  well  as   budget  development  and execution  and
Agencywide internal   control  activities.   The   Office of  Administration provides
services in the areas of personnel administration,  facilities  management,  organi-
zational analysis, contracts  and grants management,  and  occupational  health  and
safety.  The  Office  of Information  Resources  Management directs the Agency's  in-
formation resources management program and  library  services.  The  Office of  Human
Resources Management provides workforce planning, career development, and executive
management services to  EPA  employees.    Our  RTP  and  Cincinnati  offices  provide
administration services to the  environmental   programs  at  EPA's  major research
locations.  A brief description  of  each  of  the program elements included in OARM
fol1ows:

     Program Management -  Administration —  This component consists of  the  Assist-
ant Administrator s immediate  office  which  provides  oversight and planning  func-
tions, performs all of the budgeting  and resource  management activities  for  OARM,
and provides  centralized  analysis  and  reporting  on  internal  control   activities
and OARM's portion  of  the Administrator's  Action Tracking and  Strategic Planning
and Management Systems.

     Financial Management  - Headquarters—   This    component   includes  financial
management, financial   policydevelopment,   accounting,   and  financial   reporting
activities for Headquarters and field offices.

     Office of the Comptroller — This   component  develops  and  operates  EPA's
program planning  and  budgeting system;  analyzes  and prepares  Agency  budgets  for
submission to Congress and the Office  of Management and  Budget  (OMB);  maintains
the Agency's  allocation,  control and  review system  for all workyear and  financial
resources; and oversees EPA's management efficiency  programs.


                                      MS-59

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     Contracts  and  Grants  Management —  This  component  establishes  Agencywide
contracts and  grants  policy,  awards  and  manages  Headquarters  grants  and  other
financial assistance  programs,  and awards  and  administers  contracts  and  small
purchases at Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park.

     Personnel  and  Organization   Services —  This  component  provides  personnel
services at Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park, as well  as Agency-
wide management analysis, and  occupational health and safety functions.

     Facilities  and  Management  Services --  This  component   provides  facilities
management services  to  EPA  operations  in Headquarters,  Cincinnati  and  Research
Triangle Park.

     Information  Systems  and  Services — This   component   provides  Agencywide
automated data processing  (ADP)  systems management as well as library services at
Headquarters, Cincinnati and Research Triangle Park.

     Administrative Management - Title III —  This  component  provides administra-
tive servicesthat support  the TitleTil  program with  emphasis  on information
management requirements.

     Human Resources Management —  This  component provides   Agencywide  workforce
planning, career development,  and  executive management  services  to EPA employees.


PROGRAM MANAGEMENT - ADMINISTRATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $1,381,100  supported by  22.0  total  workyears
for this program,  all  of  which  will  be  for  the Salaries and Expenses  appropria-
tion.  This represents an Increase of  $66,600 and  .2  total  workyears  from 1988.
The increase will  support additional  operating  costs.    In  1989,  the Office will
continue to provide  guidance and direction  as well as  program and administrative
support for OARM,  direct and  manage OARM's  resources,  administer and  report  on
OARM's portions of the  Administrator's  Action Tracking  System and  the  Strategic
Planning and Management  System, and conduct  strategies to enhance the  efficiency
and effectiveness of the Agency.  This Office  will  also  coordinate and consolidate
OARM's internal control reporting, ensure compliance with the Freedom of Information
Act and Agency audit recommendation, and oversee OARM information management needs.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $1,314,500 supported  by 21.8
total workyears for this program,  all  of  which  1s from the Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.   These resources  are used  for  overall  policy  direction and  guidance
to the Agency's  management programs, budget development and  execution, review of
organization and consolidation issues, continued  strengthening of EPA's  financial,
budgetary,  contracts and information  resources  management  programs, as  well  as
initiation of  management effectiveness strategies within the Agency.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency obligated  a total of $1,462,200 supported  by  24.4 total
workyears for  this program all  of  which  was from the Salaries  and  Expenses  appro-
priation.  These resources were used to provide  Office-wide management  and policy
direction,  manage  the development and  execution  of OARM's budget,  provide  Action
Tracking and Strategic Planning .and Management reports,  coordinate Internal  control
reporting and  responses to Freedom of Information Act requests, and conduct special
analyses and projects on Agencywide management issues.
                                      MS-60

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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $6,478,400 supported by 141.0  total, workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $289,700 and no change in total  workyears from 1988.
The increase will   support  a new financial management system.  The office's priority
for 1989 is  to  implement  an Integrated Financial Management System in  support  of
OMB  Circular A-127.   The  installation  will  require  additional   data analysis,
module  testing, and  policies  and  procedures; contract   management  support;  and
training  of  Headquarters  and   Regional  staff.  Other initiatives include:   (1)
strengthening the  integrity of  basic  operations  by  supporting  initiatives  that
improve the delivery of financial  services  to clients  and  implement strong quality
assurance for all  functions and  locations;  (2) improving  analytic and  reporting
capabilities by developing  a program directed at improving  financial data analysis
and enhance  reporting  capabilities;  and  (3) maintaining  a long  range  strategic
planning program to enable  the Division to identify future objectives  and achieve
them in a planned  and  logical  manner.  This  request will also  allow Headquarters,
Cincinnati, Las Vegas and RTF offices to provide necessary  financial accounting  and
fiscal services.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is allocating a total of  $6,188,700  supported  by  141.0
total workyears for this program,  all  of which is  from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  These resources provide a  full  array of financial  services  to  EPA
managers, including: payroll,  accounting,  debt collection, accounts  payable  and
policy guidance.   This program  also  manages  the  Agency's Financial  Management
System.  The 1988 program emphasis  is  on  implementing  the  Office  of Management  and
Budget's  Circular  A-127  requirements, implementing  Section   4  of  the  Federal
Managers' Financial  Integrity  Act of  1982, increasing the timeliness  of payments
processed as required  by the Prompt Payment Act, exploring  further  cash management
initiatives, and  bringing   the  Financial  Management  System into   full  compliance
with General Accounting Office standards.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $6,351,000 supported by  131.9 total
workyears, all  of  which was from the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.  With
these resources, the Agency  improved the financial services  provided  by  Headquarters
and Research Triangle Park  financial operations, developed  standard quality  assur-
ance programs for the Agency,  developed a  long-term planning process for the Finan-
cial Management System, completed a Comptroller Directives  System for consolidation
of all financial policies and  procedures,  and transferred the  software programs to
operate the Financial Management System to the National Computer Center.

OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $6,562,600 supported  by  72.0  total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which will  be  for  the Salaries  and  Expenses appropria-
tion.  This represents an increase  of $122,700 and decrease of 1.0 total  workyear
from 1988.  The increase in funds  will  support  the continued implementation  of  OMB
Circular A-127, a  major initiative which  will  integrate and improve  the Agency's
financial management systems  and  support  of the  Agency's privatization  efforts.
These efforts will  encourage privatization of activities which can be more efficient-
ly operated by  the  private  sector.  The decrease reflects  management  efficiencies
and productivity improvements.

                                        MS-61

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     These   resources   will  provide  the  Office  of  the  Comptroller  with the
capabilities to perform all  mandatory  activities  associated with OMB  and  Congres-
sional budget  submissions  for 1990 and  1991,  provide  budget analyses and  reports
to Agency program Offices  through  the Resource Planning and Budgeting System,  and
maintain an allocation, control  and  review  system  for all workyear  and  financial
resources.  The Office will continue its focus  on  maintaining of EPA's Productivity
Improvement Program,  which will  reduce costs  and  enhance  program  effectiveness
across the Agency.   The Comptroller will  also continue to implement the  Federal
Managers' Financial  Integrity Act, and implement OMB Circular A-76.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency   is  allocating  a total  of $6,439,900  supported  by  73.0
total workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  is  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  With these resources the Office of the  Comptroller develops current
and outyear budget guidance to program  and  Regional offices, analyzes budget issues,
develops and implements Agency  budget policy,  and administers  and  provides  policy
guidance to EPA managers on a range of fiscal concerns.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $5,652,500  supported by  71.2  total
workyears for  this  program,  all  of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  With these resources,  this program  managed the development of  the
1988 Operating Plans,  provided  budget  and policy guidance to Program  and  Regional
offices for the 1989  budget   request,  performed  oversight  of audit  resolution  and
follow-up, implemented the Federal Managers'  Financial  Integrity Act, and continued
EPA's Productivity Improvement Program.


CONTRACTS AND GRANTS MANAGEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $10,484,500 supported  by 226.1  total  workyears
for this program, all  of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an  increase  of $149,000 and a decrease of  .2 total  workyears  from
1988.  The increase  will   provide  for additional   contract support.  The  decrease
is due to management  efficiencies.  In the contracts area,  the  request will  enable
the Agency to process and award new contracts and purchase orders, manage and  close
out existing contracts, evaluate contractor cost proposals, process  contract  ter-
minations and claims,  and  provide  technical  review, policy  compliance,  and admini-
strative oversight and management  to  the three contracting  and  purchasing offices
in Headquarters, Cincinnati,  and Research Triangle Park (RTP).   In the grants  area,
these funds will  allow the  Agency to  develop  and interpret policy  and  procedural
guidance for  Agencywide  assistance  programs,  award  and   administer  Headquarters
grants and loans, cooperative agreements, and  interagency agreements,  respond to
requests for assistance from Regions and Federal assistance recipients, continue to
modify, update, and  simplify our assistance regulations, continue inhouse audit and
cost analyses, and noncompliance efforts against program participants who abuse the
privileges of  Federal  assistance,  and  address  OMB Circular  A-127  requirements.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating a total of  $10,335,500  supported  by  226.3
total workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  is  from the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  These  resources  are  being used to  perform  a full range of  grants
and contracts activities that include awarding and administering contracts, grants,
                                       MS-62

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loans, purchase orders, and interagency agreements.   This also includes  negotiating
indirect cost  rates,  processing  terminations  and  claims,  managing   contracting
offices at Headquarters,  Cincinnati  and RTF,  developing suspension and  debarment
cases under EPA assistance  and  procurement programs,  addressing  A-127 initiatives,
developing policy,  internal  review  in  both  the  contracts  and   grants  -areas,
developing a new  automated  assistance document  system  for the Regions,  and  provid-
ing project contracting officer training.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total  of $10,049,300 supported  by  217.2 total
workyears for  this  program,  all   of  which  was  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  The major  accomplishments  in this program  area  included  increased
emphasis on contract  management,  continued implementation  of the Federal Acquisi-
tion   Regulation,  improvement  of  the  contract  planning  system and  automated
procurement and  grants document  system,  issuance   of  additional   awards  for  the
Asbestos School Hazard  Abatement Program, development  of  the  Grants  Information
System Management Council,  continued to simplification  of  grants  procedures.,  and
the taking of  noncompliance actions  against and the  recovery  of  Federal funds from
program participants who abuse the privileges of Federal  assistance.


PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION SERVICES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of  $7,683,800 supported by  173.4  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $36,900 and no  change in  total workyears from 1988.
The increase supports  additional  operating  costs.   This program will  continue to
perform aggressive  and client-oriented  personnel services and direction   in  the
areas of recruitment,  position  management, classification,  performance  management,
pay administration, personnel  and payroll processing, labor-management and employee-
management relations, personnel information  systems  management, equal  opportunity
employment, and technical   assistance  and  advisory  services.   Efforts will  also
focus on  performing  management  and  organization  improvement  analyses, managing
delegations of authority and  reorganizations,  developing Agency forms,  overseeing
EPA public  advisory  committees,  and  directing  the Agency's  directives  system.
Finally, the  program  will   continue  coordination   and  management  of   Agencywide
health and safety  programs, and performance  of environmental compliance  audits at
EPA facilities.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $7,646,900  supported by 173.4
total workyears for this  program,  all  of  which is  from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  These  resources  support  high  quality  and  responsive  personnel
services, implementation  of human resources  initiatives including  improvement to
the Performance  Management  System   and  development  of  a  multi-faceted training
and development  program  for managers  and  staff  at  all  levels,  a  cross-media
developmental exchange  package,  a  comprehensive  program   to  provide  continued
assistance on  the Federal  Employee  Retirement  System  (FERS),  and Civil  Service
Reform System  (CSRS)  Retirement  programs.  Resources continue to  support  improved
utilization of personnel data information  systems, a more focused position  manage-
ment program,  and continued support to  meet the Agency's  specialized  recruitment
needs.  The  resources  also  provide  for  performance  of   additional   management
reviews with the  primary  focus  on  Headquarters  offices,   expansion of management
and organization  services  to  Regional  and  Headquarters offices,   performance of
environmental audits  for  EPA facilities,  and  implementation of Agency health and
safety programs.


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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a total of  $8,007,600  supported by 176.4 total
workyears for this program, all of  which  was  from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  The  Agency  continued  efforts  to   meet   specialized  and  hard-to-fill
recruitment needs,  completed  a  wide  range  of  internal  control  improvements,
issued a  comprehensive Performance  Management System  (PMS)  planning package  and
institutionalized other PMS system improvements, developed  brochures for supervisors
and employees  on  hiring  authorities  and  the  handicapped  employment  program,
and expanded  automated  personnel  data  bases and   improved  information  systems
capabilities.  Also  performed   were  environmental    compliance  audits  for  EPA
facilities and  management  assistance was  provided to  virtually  every EPA  office
resulting in  organizational  and management improvements ranging  from strengthened
management processes to streamlined organizational arrangements.


FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $7,033,100 supported  by  177.5  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $203,500 and an increase of 4.0 total workyears from
1988.  The increase  reflects  new Headquarters' Delegation Authority  received from
the  General  Services   Administration.  With  these  resources   the  Agency will
administer  the  Nationwide  Support,  Headquarters  Support,  and   Buildings  and
Facilities budgets,  provide operational  support  and  housekeeping  services,  and
monitor and direct contractor resources under support contracts.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency  is  allocating a total  of  $6,829,600 supported  by  173.5
total workyears for this  program,  all  of  which is from the  Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.  These  funds are  being  used  to provide timely,  .high quality  and
cost effective  facilities  management and  support services  for EPA  facilities  in
Washington, Research Triangle  Park  (RTP),  North  Carolina  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio.
These resources provide ongoing services in the areas of property and space manage-
ment, building  operational   services,  office  support  services,   real  estate  and
lease enforcement  support,  transportation management,  printing  and  publication
operations, security services,  and facilities design and  construction management.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a total of  $6,573,000  supported by 171.0 total
workyears for this program, all of  which  was  from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  With these resources the Agency provided responsive facilities management
services to  EPA facilities in Washington,  RTP and Cincinnati, established  better
administrative controls over property management,  effectively managed space needs,
and provided effective  security services.  In 1987, the  Agency  and GSA signed a
Delegation of Authority  which transferred  authority to the  Agency  for  operation
and lease administration of the  Waterside Mall and Fairchild  Buildings.   In  addi-
tion, this program supervised the design and start of construction of the radiation
laboratory in Montgomery,  Alabama and the full  containment facility in Cincinnati,
Ohio.
                                        MS-64

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $8,313,700 supported by 150.7  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of $500,000 and no change in total  workyears from 1988.
The increase will  provide  for increased operating costs.  The requested  resources
will enable  the  Agency  to maintain  current,  centrally administered  information
systems and  services in  support of  EPA  programs  and  the  public.  This  program
provides the personnel  to manage the Agency's central  and distributed  computing
and data  transmission  network,  its  major  administrative  and  programmatic  data
systems, and library services.  In addition, these resources will  permit the Agency
to continue  to strengthen  information  resources  management  including  long  and
short-range Automated Data Processing (ADP) planning, ADP security,  records  manage-
ment, software and data standards, and internal controls  on information  resources.
Emphasis is  also  placed on technical  support  for  the Regional  ADP  Modernization
effort and improving data sharing with State environmental agencies.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $7,813,700 supported by  150.7
total workyears for  this  program, all  of  which is  from the Salaries and Expenses
appropriation.   Continued efforts will  be  devoted  to improve information  systems
planning by  EPA  programs,  strengthen information  security,  and  to continue  the
effort to implement  and update the Agency  financial  management systems  in response
to GAO  and  Executive Branch  requirements.   A major effort to integrate  State/EPA
data systems  and  improve  the  exchange  of  environmental  data  continues  to  be
expanded to all the States.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated  a total of  $8,073,200 supported by  147.7 total
workyears for this program, all  of which  was  from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  During  1987, EPA continued to  update its  accounting systems  in response
to the General Accounting  Office (GAO)  requirements, and continued  support  of the
regional ADP modernization program.    Significant  progress was  made  in the internal
information security  program  and  in the  establishment of  internal  information
management policy  guidelines.   Phase I  of our State/EPA data management  program
was successfully implemented  in  eleven  more States.  This program  was  implemented
previously in the State of Georgia.


ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - TITLE III

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $645,500 supported  by 2.7 total  workyears for
this program,  all  of which .will be  from the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of  $200  and no  change  in total  workyears  from 1988.
The increase will  provide  for increased  operating  costs.  The activities  planned
reflect the  transition  of  the  program   from  its  implementation  phases to  full
operation in some  areas such  as  Section  313 (the  Toxics Emission  Inventory  Report)
and the  continued  design  and  implementation activities  for  reporting requirements
resulting from other sections  of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act.
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1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $645,300,  supported  by 2.7 total
workyears  for  this  program, all  of  which  is  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  This funding provides for the implementation of information systems
to support this program.  In addition, this supports continued analysis of require-
ments, investment in new or enhanced computer systems, and  the  implementations  of
new  applications.  The  character of  the  data  in  this activity is  multi-media;
therefore, this program will  stress that cross-program data and systems be integrated
to the maximum  feasible extent,  in  order to  make   cost effective use  of existing
capabilities.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total   of $178,100 supported by .3 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.  Resources  provided  for the  initial"  start-up of the program which
included initial requirements analysis and the start of new applications.


OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES  MANAGEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $1,945,800  supported by 24.9 total  workyears
for this program, all of which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses  appropriation.
This represents an  increase of  $358,700  an increase  of  1.0 total  workyears  from
1988.  The increase will support in-house training programs.  This level of funding
will support OHRM's  efforts  to  institutionalize  human  resource efforts, including:

     1) increasing the  number of program  offices that engage in Human Resources
        planning;
     2) continuing efforts to ensure that EPA has the  highest quality  supervisors,
        managers and executives;
     3) providing  strategies to  program  offices seeking  to improve  employee  and
        organizational  effectiveness and productivity;
     4) evaluating the  effectiveness of  the Agency's human  resources management
        efforts;
     5) linking  the  EPA  Institute  concept  to  all  internal training  Agencywide,
        and state environmental training; and
     6) continuing  to   support  ongoing programs   such  as  the  Senior  Executive
        Service and the Presidential Management Intern Programs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $1,587,100  supported by  23.9
total workyears for  this program, all  of which  is  from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  These  resources  are  being  used  to  build  a  career  development
system at  EPA,  provide  workforce  planning tools,  expand  the  in-house  training
capacity through the Institute,  and establish criteria  for  managerial  excellence
and develop training and   policies  to  match  those  criteria.   In addition,  these
resources are used  to  perform  personnel  operations for  Senior  Executive  Service
(SES) members, and support the  operations of the Candidate Development Program and
the Presidential Management Program.
                                       MS-66

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of  $1,593,500 supported  by  24.7 total
workyears for this program, all  of which  was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  During the third year of program operation  two workforce planning studies
were undertaken; the EPA Institute was established and 20 courses were offered with
2000  employees  participating;   the  managerial  excellence  criteria was  used in
selecting a new class  for  the Candidate Development Program and a  job analyses of
Chemists and Physical Scientists was completed.
                                        MS-67

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Regional Management

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT

   REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
       Regi onal Management	  MS-69
          Resource Management - Regions	  MS-72
          Financial Management - Regions	  MS-73
          Personnel Management - Regions	  MS-73
          Administrative Management - Regions	MS-74
          Regional Management	.	  MS-75
          Regional Counsel	MS-75
          Planning, Evaluation & Analysis - Regions	  MS-76
                                       MS-68

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                                                          REGIONAL  MANAGEMENT
                                                          Regional  Management
 i
O»
IO

PROGRAM
Resource Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Financial Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Personnel Management -
Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Administrative
Management - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Management
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Regional Counsel
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
Planning, Evaluation &
Analysis - Regions
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
$1,629.3
$1,629.3
$2,833.0
$2,833.0
$3,396.9
$3,396.9
$6,099.2
$6,099.2
$9,986.1
$9,986.1
$3,940.5
$3,940.5
$2,401.9
$2,401.9
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
$1,800.7 $1,657.2
$1,800.7 $1,657.2
$3,016.9
$3,016.9
$3,355.5
$3,355.5
$6,423.7
$6,423.7
$9,878.7
$9,878.7
$4,393.6
$4,393.6
$2,801.3
$2,801.3
$2,816.7
$2,816.7
$3,311.3
$3,311.3
$6,034.8
$6,034.8
$9,787.3
$9.787.3
$4,047.5
$4,047.5
$3,117.5
$3,117.5
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
$1,657.2
$1,657.2
$2,816.7
$2,816.7
$3,311.3
$3,311.3
$6,034.8
$6,034.8
$9,787.3
$9,787.3
$4,047.5
$4,047.5
$3,117.5
$3,117.5
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
$1,822.6
$1,822.6
$3,042.7
$3,042.7
$3,478.0
$3,478.0
$6,335.0
$6,335.0
$9,833.1
$9,833.1
$4,047.5
$4,047.5
$3,561.7
$3,561.7
$165.4
$165.4
$226.0
$226.0
$166.7
$166.7
$300.2
$300.2
$45.8
$45.8

$444.2
$444.2

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f
                                           REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
                                           Regional Management

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


TOTAL:
 Salaries « Expenses           $30,286.9  $31,670.4  $30,772.3  $30,772.3  $32,120.6  $1,348.3

Regional Management    ' TOTAL  $30,286.9  $31,670.4  $30,772.3  $30,772.3  $32,120.6  $1,348.3


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Resource Management -               37.2       41.0       41.0       36.8       41.0       4.2
Regions

Financial Management -              82.3       89.7       89.7       83.4       89.7       6.3
Regions

Personnel Management -              88.2       93.0       93.0       84.7       93.0       8.3
Regions

Administrative                      153.6       172.6       172.6       155.7      171.8      16.1
Management - Regions

Regional Management                 181.4       190.1       190.1       172.1      186.8      14.7

Regional Counsel                    74.1       82.5       82.5       77.3       82.5       5.2

Planning, Evaluation «              51.3       60.1       80.1       75.8       80.1       4.3
Analysis - Regions
                                                                            i
TOTAL  PERMANENT WORKYEARS          668.1       729.0       749.0       685.8      744.9      59.1

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?
                                                      REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
                                                      Regional Management
ACTUAL BUDGET .
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED CURRENT
1988 ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Resource Management -
Regions
Financial Management -
Regions
Personnel Management -
Regions
Administrative
Management - Regions
Regional Management
Regional Counsel
Planning, Evaluation &
42.4
92.1
101.8
177.6
206.7
83.4
59.8
41.0
89.7
93.0
172.6
190.1
82.5
60.1
41.0
89.7
93.0
172.6
190.1
82.5
80.1
41.0
89.7
93.0
171.8
187.8
82.5
80.1
41.0
89.7
93.0
171.8
186.8 -1.0
82.5
80.1
           Analysis - Regions
           TOTAL WORKYEARS
763.8
729.0
749.0
745.9
744.9
-1.0

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                Regional  Management
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a total of $32,120,600 supported by  744.9 total  workyears
for 1989, an increase  of  $1,348,300 and a decrease of 1 total workyear  from 1988.
All of the request Is for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.

Program Description

     Regional Management  provides   executive  direction  to  the  Regional  offices;
Regional administrative and  financial  services;  budget  development  and  execution;
and legal  and   analytic  support  to  the  Regional  Administrators.   This  program
contains the following program elements:

     Resource Management - Regions  — This component provides  resources  to develop
Regional budgets and operating plans, participate  in the  workload analysis process,
manage current year  resources,  and  enhance resource management and  control  in  the
Regions.

     Financial  Management - Regions —  This  component  provides  sound   financial
accounting and reporting services for the Regional  offices.

     Personnel  Management - Regions —  This  component  provides  basic   personnel
services, including staffing, classification,  and  training to the Regional offices.

     Administrative Management - Regions— This  component  includes mini-computer
systems management, library support, safety,  security, printing  and  copying,  faci-
lities management, small purchases, and other  administrative functions.

     Regional Management — This component includes the Regional  Administrators  and
their immediate staffs, public affairs,  Congressional and intergovernmental liaison,
as well as the basic staff functions of Civil  Rights.

     Regional Counsel — This  component includes the  Offices of Regional  Counsel
which assisttHeRegional  Administrators  in ensuring  that  their  decisions  are
legally defensible  and  consistent  with  national   legal   interpretations.   They
represent the Regional offices  in  defensive litigation activities, review Regional
rulemakings, and assist States in obtaining delegation of programs.

     Planning,  Evaluation,  and   Analysis -  Regions—  This  component    includes
resources that provide analytical support  to  the Regional  Administrators to assure
the efficient and  effective  operation of  EPA Regions.   Activities include program
planning, accountability  reporting,  program  evaluation,  economic  analysis,  and
Regional participation in EPA's regulatory process.


RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $1,822,600 supported by  41.0  total  workyears,
all of  which will  be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. This  represents
an increase  of $165,400 and  no change in total workyears from 1988.   This level  of
funding supports  Regional   resource  management  and  control  activities  including
budget  and  operating  plan  development  and  workload analysis.   In addition,  these
resources will  allow  the  Regional   offices to continue implementing the  Federal
Managers' Financial Integrity Act and further strengthen funds control.


                                        MS-72

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1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $1,657,200  supported  by 41.0
total workyears  for  this  program,  all   of  which  is from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  These  resources  are being  used  to conduct budgeting  and resource
analysis functions in the ten Regional  offices.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a total  of $1,629,300 supported  by 42.4 total
workyears for this program, all of  which  was from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  These  resources  allowed  Regional Administrators to  effectively  and
efficiently manage their resources and operating plan processes.


FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $3,042,700  supported by  89.7  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an  increase  of $226,000  and no  change  in  total  workyears  from
1988.  The increase supports additional operating costs.  The Regions will continue
conducting internal  control reviews as  required  by the Federal Managers' Financial
Integrity Act  of 1982; and  Cash Management Reviews, as  mandated by  the Deficit
Reduction Act  of 1984.  The acquisition  of microcomputers will provide  the staff
with the necessary tools to develop automated improvements to recurring operations.
This level of  funding  will  allow  the  Financial Management Offices to provide basic
financial  services  and  maintain  ongoing  financial  management  functions.  The
Financial Management Offices will  continue to provide accounting, payment process-
ing, billings  and  collections for grants, travel,  payroll, contracts,  purchase
orders, and all other financial transactions, as  well  as  payroll support and general
ledger activities.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of  $2,816,700  supported  by 89.7
total workyears  for  this  program,  all   of  which  is from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  These  resources  are  being  used  to  provide  the  Regions  with
accounting, payment  processing,   payroll   support, financial  reporting  services,
and comprehensive financial management.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a total  of $2,833,000 supported  by 92.1 total
workyears for  this  program,  all   of   which  was  from  the Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.  With  these  resources,  the  Financial  Management Offices provided
accounting, payment processing, payroll support, financial reporting  services,  and
comprehensive financial management.


PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $3,478,000  supported by  93.0  total  workyears
for this program,' all of which will  be  for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase  of $166,700  and no  change  in  total  workyears  from
1988.  The resources will  allow Regional Personnel  Offices to  meet basic regulatory
                                      MS-73

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requirements and maintain current service  levels.  These services include processing
recruitment and  classification  actions,  entering data and updates  to  the Agency's
payroll   system,  providing   advisory   services   and  reorganization   reviews,
administering the  grievance  system,   negotiating  with  unions,  and  managing  the
Performance Management and Recognition System.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $3,311,300  supported  by  93.0
total workyears  to this  program, all   of  which is  from  the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  These resources  are being used to  formalize  local  human resources
management programs,  provide  for  recruitment,  staffing  and classification actions,
conduct position management  and pay administration,  process  personnel and payroll
transactions, administer  grievance  system  and  disciplinary  action  procedures,
provide employment  development  and training,  consult  and   negotiate with  local
unions,  conduct  special  studies, and   advise  Regional  managers  on  the above
functions.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a  total of $3,396,900  supported by 101.8 total
workyears for this program, all  of  which  was  from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  With  these  resources, the  Regional  Personnel  Offices  provided ongoing
personnel services to support the accomplishment of the Regions'  program operations
and goals, provided better training programs  for  Regional  employees, and initiated
of human resources management programs.


ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1989 Program

     The Agency  requests  a  total of $6,335,000 supported  by  171.8  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an  increase  of $300,200  and no  change  in  total   workyears  from
1988.  These resources will  allow the  Regions to provide administrative management
services that include  maintaining administrative information  systems  and minicom-
puter operations, ensuring ADP  operations support  for Regional  programs, managing
word processing  equipment and ADP  systems acquisition,  and  coordinating Regional
records management.   Development of State data management plans to ensure efficient
and reliable methods  of  State/EPA data  sharing  will receive  priority attention.
In addition  this program  will   continue to direct  contracting  and  purchasing
activities, ensure the  safety and security of Regional  personnel,  manage property
and supplies, provide  general office  services, and  provide  program management for
all support services..


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $6,034,800 supported  by  171.8
total workyears  for this  program, all  of  which  is from the  Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  These resources  are being used to provide the  Regions with admin-
istrative management  activities  in the  areas  of  information  management,  small
purchases and  procurements,   health and   safety,  and  facilities   support.   This
program will continue to design pilot plans for improved methods for EPA and States
to share environmental data.
                                        MS-74

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated a total of  $6,099,200  supported by 177.6 total
workyears for this program, all of  which  was  from the Salaries and Expenses appro-
priation.  With  these resources,  the  Regions  provided administrative  management
services as well as  implementation of information management plans to increase use
of personal computers  and integrate electronic telecommunications lines to achieve
cost savings and productivity gains.


REGIONAL MANAGEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $9.,833,100 supported  by  186.8 total  workyears
for this program,  all of which is for the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.
This represents  an increase  of $45,800  and a  decrease  of  1.0  total  workyears.
The increase will  provide for  increased  operating costs.   The decrease  in  work-
years reflects management efficiencies.   The budget request will enable the Regional
offices to continue to shape and articulate policy for State and local governments;
respond to inquiries from Congress,  the  news media  and the  public;  establish regular
communications with public interest, environmental  and business groups; and maintain
an effective Equal  Employment Opportunity  program.   In 1989,  Regional  management
emphasis will  be put on information  coordination and dissemination of the increasing
number of information requests including Freedom of Information requests,  which are
increasing by approximately 20 percent per year.


1988 Program

     In  1988,  the  Agency  is  allocating a total  of  $9.787,300 and 187.8 total
workyears for this program, all of which  is  from  the Salaries  and Expenses appro-
priation.  Basic  press   services  and  media  relations   activities  are  being main-
tained as  well   as  policy guidance  and executive direction  for  the Region' as  a
whole.  The program will  continue  the  processing  of  Freedom  of  Information (FOI)
requests, issuing critical  news releases, maintaining  a Regional  Equal  Employment
Opportunity program,  responding  to  Congressional  Inquiries,  and  coordinating EPA
involvement in major State environmental issues.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated $9,986,100  and 206.7 total workyears  for this
program, all of  which  was from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This pro-
gram provided  support for the Regional  Administrators  and their  immediate staffs,
as well  as  for  the  basic  staff   functions  of public  affairs,  Congressional  and
intergovernmental  activities,  and  the  equal   employment  opportunity  function.


REGIONAL COUNSEL

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $4,047,500  supported  by 82.5 total  workyears
for this program, all  of which will be for the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.
This represents no change from 1988.

     The Offices of Regional  Counsel will continue to  handle  defensive litigation
involving principally  Regional  issues.   They  will provide advice and counsel  to
Regional programs; review Regional  rulemaking actions;   assist  States by  reviewing
State program delegations  and  advising  State agencies  on  obtaining adequate  legal
authorities; and support Agency contract and assistance programs through resolution
of grant appeals, bid protests, and debarment and suspension actions.
                                       MS-75

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $4,047,500  supported by  82.5
total, workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  is from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.  The Offices of Regional Counsel handle defensive litigation involv-
ing principally  Regional  issues.   They  provide  advice  and counsel  to  Regional
programs; review Regional rulemaking actions;  and  assist  States  by  reviewing  State
program delegations and advising State agencies on obtaining adequate legal author-
ities.   Additionally,  the Regional  Counsels continue to support Agency contract and
assistance programs through resolution of grant appeals, bid protest, and debarment
and suspension actions.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $3,940,500 supported  by  83.4  total
workyears for this program,  all  of  which^ was  from  the  Salaries and  Expenses
appropriation.  In  1987,  the  Regional  Counsels  supported Agency  priorities  by
providing legal  advice and support  to Regional  managers and defending the Agency in
litigation filed against it.   They  also advised on actions  such as grants,  contracts,
and personnel actions.  Additionally, Regional  Counsel  activities included advising
State agencies  on the  legal  requirements for  assuming   environmental  protection
programs, assisting in  drafting appropriate regulatory  language,  and  helping  to
negotiate and document the terms of delegation  agreements.


PLANNING. EVALUATION.  AND ANALYSIS  - REGIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of $3,561,700  supported by 80.1  total  workyears
for this program, all  of which will be for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
This represents an increase of  $444,200 and  no  change  in  total  workyears.   The
increase is to  support  risk assessment,  management, and  communication  activities
in the Regions.

     These resources  will  provide  the ten  Regional  Administrators  with  the  staff
needed to  perform essential  planning,  evaluation,  and  analysis  activities.   In
addition, each  Region will  continue to  develop  an overall  strategy for improving
the use of  risk analysis  in its decision-making  by:   continuing to  work with the
Office of Policy,  Planning  and Evaluation (OPPE)  in building  priority-setting and
planning processes and  in improving the ability to set  priorities based on  risk
reduction; increasing  the  scientific or technical risk capability  in each Region;
initiating programs to  facilitate  information exchange among  State environmental
agencies on  new technical  and management  applications; developing  new  methods  to
explain environmental  risks to the public; and identifying specific training  needs
and sponsoring classes for employees in risk-related techniques.   These staffs also
will support OPPE  efforts to deliver risk-based,  cross-media environmental protec-
tion in the field and  to institutionalize the concepts of risk  reduction  within the
Regional organizations and within the States.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $3,117,500  supported by  80.1
total workyears for this  program,  all  of  which  is from the Salaries  and Expenses
appropriation.

     Necessary planning, evaluation  and  analysis  functions are  occurring including
the development of two pilot projects for managing  for environmental results; assess-
ment of the Mining  Wastes and Denver Air Toxics  Action Plans;  identification of over-
lapping areas of statutory regulations which effect inter-media program efforts and
                                      MS-76

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coordination; evaluation of enforcement agreement implementation; and examination of
State environmental agencies' funding and  staffing.   Three  Regions (I, III,  and X)
are participating  in  OPPE's Regional integration  programs.   All  Regions  also  are
devoting additional resources to  beginning  the development of comprehensive Regional
risk reduction strategies  to establish the  necessary institutional  framework  for
addressing risk  assessment,  management, and communication.   First  steps  involve
examining the Regions' priority  setting process, developing a  more objective means
of setting priorities  (perhaps through  use of Geographic Information System (GIS)
technologies) and  establishing  a process  for  increased Regional  participation  in
developing  Agency  priorities -and  assessing  Regional  risk  reduction efforts.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $2,401,900  supported  by  59.8 total
workyears for this program, all  of which was from  the Salaries and Expenses  appro-
priation, to conduct  the  planning, evaluation, and  analysis  functions  in the  ten
Regional offices.

     This funding  provided necessary planning,  evaluation, and analysis  support
in the  Regions.   Such support included  recommending improvements to  the  Regional
planning and accountability  processes  and  assessing  whether  particular  Regional
programs were achieving  the  environmental  results  indicated  in  their  management
objectives; analyzing  the  efficiency  and  effectiveness  of  Regional  and   State
environmental programs in  meeting Agency  goals  and  in addressing their  statutory
and regulatory program responsibilities; and studying  Regional  management systems,
key processes,  and organizations  that focus  on  increasing  Regional  efficiency,
productivity, and  effectiveness.   The  Regional  offices also  began  to  apply  risk
assessment concepts to  operating  programs  and  integrate data  which  provides  the
basis for  environmental  decision-making and cost-effective use  of  resources,  as
evidenced in the  State Pilot Projects  for  Improved  Environmental  Decision-Making
in Oregon, Kansas, Kentucky, New Jersey, and Maryland.
                                       MS-77

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Support Costs

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page
MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT

   SUPPORT COSTS
       Support Costs	.	  MS-79
          Professional Training	  MS-82
          Nationwide Support Services	  MS-82
          Headquarters Support Services	  MS-83
          Regional Support Services	  MS-83
          Automated Data Processing  Support Costs	  MS-84
          Automated Data Processing  Support -  Title III	MS-85
          Lab Support - Research & Development	  MS-85
          Lab Support - Air & Radiation	  MS-86
          Lab Support - Pesticides & Toxic Substances	  MS-86
                                      MS-78

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•vl
IO



Professional Training
Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL

ACTUAL
1987

$493.7
$493.7
SUPPORT
Support
BUDGET
ESTIMATE.
1988
(DOLLARS IN
$520.4
$520.4
COSTS
Costs
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
$520.4
$520.4

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988

$520.4
$520.4

REQUEST
1989

$520.4
$520.4

INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988


               Nationwide Support
               Services
                Salaries & Expenses
                Operations, Research
                and Facilities
               Headquarters Support
               Services
                Salaries « Expenses
               Regional Support
               Services
                Salaries 4 Expenses
               Automated Data
               Processing Support
               Costs
                Salaries & Expenses
       $58,731.5  $71,962.5   $70,647.9   $70,647.9   $75,490.2   $4,842.3
          $909.4

TOTAL  $59,640.9  $71,962.5   $70,647.9   $70,647.9   $75,490.2   $4,842.3
       $36,419.6  $36,386.3  $35,597.9  $35,597.9  $40,959.2  $5,361.3
TOTAL  $36,419.6  $36,386.3  $35,597.9  $35,597.9  $40,959.2  $5,361.3
       $33,899.5  $25,373.6  $28,103.9  $28,103.9  $30,214.5  $2,110.6
TOTAL  $33,899.5  $25,373.6  $28,103.9  $28,103.9  $30,214.5  $2,110.6
       $31,939.6  $32,000.0  $31,338.5  $31,338.5  $32,800.0  $1,461.5
TOTAL  $31,939.6  $32,000.0  $31,338.5  $31,338.5  $32,800.0  $1,461.5
                ADP  SUPPORT - TITLE  III
                 Salaries  £ Expenses
                                $808.0     $808.0     $825.0     $17.0
TOTAL                           $808.0     $808.0     $825.0     $17.0
                Lab  Support-Research  &
                Development
                 Salaries  *  Expenses
        $6,040.6   $6,002.6   $6,298.4   $6,298.4   $7,798.4  $1,500.0
TOTAL   $6,040.6   $6,002.6   $6,298.4   $6,298.4   $7,798.4  $1,500.0

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 I
00
o
                                                           SUPPORT COSTS
                                                           Support Costs
                                               ACTUAL
                                                1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988
      ENACTED
         1988
      CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
       1988              1989 VS 1988
              Lab  Support -  A1r  And
              Radiation
               Salaries  * Expenses
              Lab Support -
              Pesticides & Toxic
              Substances
               Salaries & Expenses
TOTAL:
 Salaries & Expenses
 Operations, Research
 and Facilities

Support Costs
                                                        (DOLLARS  IN  THOUSANDS)
                                $1.785.9   $1,753.2   $1,753.2   $1,753.2   $1,853.2    $100.0
                        TOTAL   $1,785.9   $1,753.2   $1,753.2   $1,753.2   $1,853.2    $100.0
                                  $247.0     $251.4     $251.4     $251.4     $451.4    $200.0
                        TOTAL     $247.0     $251.4     $251.4     $251.4     $451.4    $200.0
                                            $169,557.4 $174,250.0 $175,319.6 $175,319.6 $190,912.3  $15,592.7
                                                $909.4
                                      TOTAL $179,360.6 $174,250.0 $175,319.6 $175,319.6 $190,912.3 $15,592.7
              PERMANENT HORKYEARS
              Regional Support
              Services

              TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                       6


                                     2.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
-4.0
              TOTAL HORKYEARS
              Regional Support
              Services

              TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                        6


                                      2.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
-4.0

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                               MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT


                                   Support Costs
Budget Request
     The  Agency   requests  a   total  of  $190,912,300  for  1989,  an increase  of
$15,592,700 from  1988.   All  of  the  request  is  for  the  Salaries  and  Expenses
appropriation.

Program Description

     The Agency Support  Services  components provide  funds for general  support  to
all Agency  programs  except  Superfund.    Programs  under  support  services  are:

     Professional   Training  —  This  component  provides  Agencywide training  to
executive, supervisory, secretarial, clerical,  scientific  and  technical  employees.

     Nationwide Support Services —  This component  provides  Agencywide  services
for th"e  following  support functions:   facilities  rental  and  associated  costs;
payments to  the  U.S.  Postal  Services;  Federal  Telecommunications Service  (FTS);
nationwide security services;  reimbursements to the Federal Employees' Compensation
Fund; payments  to  the Public  Health  Service  for personnel  and  administrative
services for commissioned  officers  assigned to  EPA;  and contracts and Intergovern-
mental Agreements which  support EPA's  occupational health and safety  program, and
the finance and payroll systems.

     Headquarters Support Services— This  program provides  office,  building, and
information management services to Headquarters and the research  center at Research
Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio.

     Regional Support Services — This   component  provides  office,  building, and
information management services for Regional offices.

     Automated   Data   Processing  Support   Costs  ~  This  component   provides
computing and related data processing services to all Agency  programs.

     ADP Support - Title III — This  component provide  systems  development and
operation services for the Title III program.

     Lab  Support  -  Research  and  Development ~ This component provides support
services to  the  Office  of Research  and Development's  seven  remote  laboratories
(those located outside  Cincinnati,  and  Research Triangle  Park).   These costs are
not covered  by  the  Headquarters  Support  account, which  funds   similar items  in
Headquarters, Cincinnati, and  RTP.

     Lab Support - Air and Radiation —  This  component  provides  support  services
to the  MotorVehicle  Emissions  Laboratory,  the  Eastern  Environmental  Radiation
Facility, and the Las Vegas facility.

     Lab  Support - Pesticides  and  Toxic   Substances— This  component  provides
support servicestolaboratoriesTnBeltsville,Raryland  and  Bay  St.  Louis,
Mississippi.
                                     MS-81

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PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $520,400  for  this  program,  all of  which will
be for  the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.   There  is  no  change  from  1988.
This request will  maintain current training  and development programs mandated  by
statute and  the Office  of Personnel  Management  (0PM)  as well  as support  human
resources management initiatives.  At  this  level of funding, the  Agency will con-
tinue to offer training and development to managers and  support  staff.   Scientific
and technical   courses   will   be  developed.   The  Institute   will  add   to  its
current offerings.  Employees will increase their  cross-agency  experiences through
the rotational  assignment program.  Career development  activities  will  be enhanced
in order to help employees develop and maintain needed skills.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is allocating a total  of $520,400  for this  program,  all
of which is  from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  These  funds  are  being
used to build  a broadly  experienced  and skilled  cadre  of EPA managers  and  staff
through expansion  of  individual  and  organizational  human  resources  development
programs.   These programs  are  based on  comprehensive  Agencywide  need  assignments
conducted annually and  review of career  development  plans.  The  EPA  Institute  is
a major vehicle  for providing cost-effective  training.   The core  courses for  the
managerial  curriculum  and  the   Support  staff  are being delivered.   The  Human
Resources Council  and  the advisory  committees  continue  to  play  a vital  role  in
identifying  human   resource   needs  and  assisting  the  Agency   in  implementing
initiatives.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a  total  of  $493,700  for this  program, all  of
which was from the Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   These  funds  were utilized
to provide training in the areas  of  supervisory management, executive development,
clerical skills, and technical  and scientific  development.


NATIONWIDE SUPPORT SERVICES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total of  $75,490,200  for  this program,  all  of  which
will be for the  Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.   This  represents  an increase
of $4,842,300 from 1988.   The request will cover space  rental and FTS rate increases
as well as cost escalations to service contracts.  These funds will pay for Agency-
wide support  costs including  space rental,  postage,  FTS and  telecommunications
costs, national  security,  Code  of  Federal  Regulations  typesetting,  unemployment
compensation, workmen's  compensation,  health  and  safety  studies, and  personnel
support for Public Health Service commissioned officers.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating  a total  of $70,647,900 for  this program,
all of which is  from the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation.  These  resources are
being used by  the Agency  to  provide efficient  nationwide services .to  the Agency
workforce.
                                       MS-82

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a total ' of $59,640,900  for  this program,  of
which $58,731,500  was  from the  Salaries and  Expenses appropriation  and  $909,400
was from the  Operations,  Research, and  Facilities  appropriation.   These resources
allowed the  Agency  to  pursue  several  Nationwide Support  efforts  in the  areas  of
space planning,  telecommunications,   information  security,  and personal  property
management.  These  resources  also assisted  Regional  offices in  relocation  and
expansion moves.


HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT SERVICES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $40,959,200  for this program,  all  of  which
will be for  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  This represents an  increase
of $5,361,300 from 1988.   The increase will  provide  for cost increases for utilities
and cost escalations  to  service  contracts, as well  as  cover  anticipated utility
rate increases.  It  will  also  support information management  services and provide
ADP technical  support  for the  State/EPA Data  Management Program,  the  Integrated
Financial Management  System,  and  expert systems.   These  resources  will  provide
ongoing Headquarters Support  services including motor pool,  printing  and  copying,
telephones, utilities,  facilities operations  and  maintenance,  and  ADP technical
support to  EPA  operations  in  Washington,   Research  Triangle Park   (RTP),  North
Carolina, and Cincinnati, Ohio.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of  $35,597,900 for  this  program,
all of which  is from the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  These resources are
being used to provide ongoing office, building, and information management services
to EPA operations in Washington,  RTP, and Cincinnati.  With this funding level the
Agency will provide critical  ongoing  services necessary to operate  and  manage EPA
facilities, office  supply/support services,  and  management  information  systems.
Additionally, the Agency  will carry-out  its  operating plans  for new delegations  of
authority for  lease enforcement/building  operations  at  headquarters  facilities,
and will continue  to  refine procedures  for  property  management/inventory  control.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a  total  of $36,419,600 for this program,  all  of
which was from  the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.   These resources  provided
basic Headquarters  Support  services  to  EPA  operations  in  Washington,  RTP,  and
Cincinnati.


REGIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $30,214,500  for this program,  all  of  which
will be for  the Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  This represents an  increase
of $2,110,600  from  1988.  The  increase reflects  contract and rate  increases  in
basic operating  costs, and  provide  for  the  purchase  of  ESD  lab  equipment.   This
level of resources will provide the ten  Regional offices with  basic support services
including printing and copying, minicomputer operations, utilities,  mail, telephone,
library operations, general training, office and laboratory  facility maintenance,
and technical support.
                                       MS-83

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency 1s allocating a total  of $28,103,900 for this program,  all
of which  is from  the  Salaries  and Expenses  appropriation.   These  resources  are
being used  to  provide  basic  office, building, and  information  management services
to the Regions.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a total  of  $33,899,500  for this program,  all  of
which was from the  Salaries  and Expenses appropriation.  These  funds provided  on-
going support  services  in  the Regions, including improved property  management  and
better safety and security for  EPA  employees.  Also, the Regions continued efforts
to contract out  appropriate  support services,  and provided minicomputer operations
to increase Regional productivity.


AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SUPPORT COSTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $32,800,000 for this program, all of which will
be for the  Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  This represents an  increase  of
$1,461,500  from  1988.  This  increase  will  enable  the   Agency  to complete the
State/ EPA Data Management Telecommunications  initiative begun  in 1987.  The final
eleven State Agencies will be connected directly to the Agency's data telecommuni-
cations network (including Puerto Rico, Alaska, and Hawaii) which will allow access
to centralized  and  distributed  environmental  data  systems.   This  request  also
(1) covers the 1989  cost of  prior year capital investments and 'expected operations
costs for  current  service  levels;  (2)  supports the  implementation  of the  new
Integrated Financial Management  System  designed to  satisfy  the requirements  of
A-127; and  (3)  provides the additional resources  required  for the continued imple-
mentation of the Air Program's data system (AIRS).


1988 Program

     The Agency  is  allocating a  total  of  $31,338,500,  all  of  which  is  from1 the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation. These  funds  are being used to maintain current
computing services in support of all Agency programs, exclusive  of Superfund.  The
Agency is also completing the replacement of obsolete Regional computing with modern
IBM 43XX technology  and  is  beginning  to implement a more open telecommunications
architecture centered around  current communications standards.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a total  of $31,939,600,  all  of  which was from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   The  Agency used these  funds  to maintain
and operate its  mainframe  computing systems, continue the replacement  of obsolete
minicomputers in  the Agency's  Regional  Offices  with  modern  processors  that  are
compatible with  the  Agency's  mainframe  and  telecommunications  architecture,  and
implemented the  Agency's  short-term  telecommunications strategy which  increased
bandwidth and improved  concentration  of data transmission.  The  Agency also began
the implementation of  its  long-term intelligent workstation  program  by awarding a
master contract  for  a range  of  compatible personal  computers (PC'.s), and continued
to support modernization of the Agency's laboratory computing resources.
                                       MS-84

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ADP SUPPORT - TITLE III

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of $825,000 for  this  program,  all of  which  will
be for the  Salaries and  Expenses Appropriation.  This' represents an increase  of
$17,000 from  1988.   This  funding  will   support the  provision  of ADP  resources
including telecommunications, equipment,  and facility operations required to support
this program.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $808,000 for this program, all  of
which is from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.   These funds provide for the
computing utility that will be required to process this information, including  data
entry, processing and telecommunications.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated  a total of $1,245,900  for  this program,  all  of
which was from the  Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.   These  funds  were
used to invest in additional ADP resources required to support the Title III program.


LAB SUPPORT - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of  $7,798,400, all  of  which  will  be  for the
Salaries and  Expenses  Appropriation.  This represents  an  increase of  $1,500,000
from 1988.  These funds provide basic  operation  and maintenance  services for ORD's
seven (7) remote laboratories located in:

     1.   Narragansett, Rhode Island;
     2.   Athens,  Georgia;
     3.   Gulf Breeze,  Florida;
     4.   Ada, Oklahoma;
     5.   Duluth,  Minnesota;
     6.   Las Vegas, Nevada; and
     7.   Corvallis, Oregon.

     Operation  and  maintenance    services  include,   but are   not  limited  to:
a) facilities  operation and  maintenance;  b)  utilities;  c)   equipment  operations
and maintenance; d)  local  telephone  services;  e) janitorial  and  guard services;
and f) rental costs.

     In 1989, increases will fund replacement of  old,  wornout scientific equipment
which require high  maintenance  costs to  operate.   In  addition, increased  funding
will cover  higher  projected operation  and  maintenance  costs at  these  seven (7)
remote laboratories.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $6,298,400, all from the Salaries
and Expenses Appropriation.  These funds  provide  for the basic operation and main-
tenance services of ORD's seven (7)  remote laboratories.
                                        MS-85

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1987 Accomplishments

     The  Agency  obligated   $6,040,600,  all   from  the   Salaries   and  Expenses
Appropriation.  These funds  provided  basic  operation and maintenance  services  for
ORD's seven (7) remote laboratories.


LAB SUPPORT - AIR AND RADIATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  of $1,853,200 for  this  program,  all of  which is
from the  Salaries and  Expenses  appropriation.   This  represents an  increase  of
$100,000 from 1988.   The  increase reflects  increased support  costs.   This program
supports the Motor Vehicle Emissions  Laboratory (MVEL)  in Ann Arbor,  Michigan;  the
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama; and ttie  Las
Vegas radiation facility  (LVF) in  Nevada.  These  funds  provide  basic  operation  and
maintenance support  at  these locations.  Support provided  consists  of  security,
janitorial and  maintenance  services,  utilities,   General  Services  Administration
vehicles, supplies and materials,  and communications.


1988 Program

     In   1988  the   Agency   is  allocating  $1,753,200   to  support  the  three
laboratories, all  from the Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  The  1988 program
is providing the  same types  of  activities  described  for 1989:  basic  laboratory
operations,  maintenance,    and  supplies.   These    activities  are  required on a
continuing basis.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987 the Agency  obligated a total  of  $1,785,900  for this program,  all  of
which was from the Salaries  and  Expenses appropriation.  These funds  provided  the
basic facilities operations  and  maintenance costs  necessary to operate  the three
laboratories.


LAB SUPPORT - PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a total  $451,400, all of which will  be  from the Salaries
and Expenses appropriation.   This represents  an  Increase of $200,000  from 1988.
These funds will be  used  for basic facilities and operation  and  maintenance costs
for the  laboratories in   Beltsvllle,  Maryland and  Bay  St.  Louis,  Mississippi.
These costs' include  utilities,  security,  communications,  warehousing,  custodial
services, and building maintenance..  The increase  will  provide  for purchase  of  new
laboratory equipment  to  replace-equipment which  is  obsolete or  no longer  cost-
effective to repair,  and  cover increasing maintenance  costs  for existing equipment
and for items such as building biotechnology  capacity and analyzing unique products
which cannot  be  validated  with  traditional   analytical  laboratory  instrument.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating a total of  $251,400,  all  of which  is from
the Salaries and Expenses appropriation. The 1988 program supports the facilities,
operations, and maintenance costs  of the Office of Pesticides and  Toxic  Substances
laboratories.
                                        MS-86

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1987 Accomplishments •

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total of $247,000, all  of which was from the
Salaries and Expenses appropriation.  The funds were  used to  provide  general support
and maintenance of the laboratories.
                                        MS-87

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  BUILDINGS
AND FACILITIES

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                           Page

BUILDINGS & FACILITIES                                                     BF-1

       Buildings & Facilities	 BF-4
          New Fad 1111 es	 BF-5
          Repairs & Improvements	 BF-6
                                         BF-1

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                                                          BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
                                                  ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT
                                                   1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                                              1988                  1988
                                              REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                               1989     DECREASE -
                                                      1989 VS 1988
                                                           (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                 Appropriation

                 OUTLAYS

                 AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
$13,261.7   $6,000.0  $23,500.0  $23,500.0   $8,000.0   -$15,500.0

 $5,059.9   $7,733.0   $9,995.0   $9,995.0  $18,110.0     $8.115.0

Authorization 1s by virtue of the Appropriation Act.
09
-n
ro

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                              BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

     The Buildings  and  Facilities  appropriation funds  the design,  construction,
repair and  improvement  of  buildings  occupied  by EPA.  The  Agency  currently  has
ten Regional offices,  three large  research  and development laboratories,  several
field stations  with  laboratory  facilities  and  a  large  headquarters  complex.

     This program provides a safe  and  healthful  work  environment  for EPA employees
by providing  for  maintenance,  repair  or  replacement  of  our  facilities.   Major
efforts are directed towards  implementing  intermediate and long-range plans  which
assess alternative  housing  options for  EPA  operations,  as well  as continuing  a
repair program  that protects  the  investment  in  EPA's real  property  holdings.
Resources are also used to upgrade and  modify current facilities to more  adequately
and efficiently address  Agency programs.  Particular  emphasis  will  be  placed  on
environmental  compliance efforts in EPA  facilities where modifications  are  needed
to accommodate storage  of hazardous materials and removal of asbestos.
                                       BF-3

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                                     BUILDINGS  AND  FACILITIES

                                     Buildings  and  Facilities
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989

INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1981
                                      (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

PROGRAM
New Facilities
 Buildings & Facilities        $9,322.9             $17,500.0  $17,500.0   $1,900.0   -$15,600.0
                       TOTAL   $9,322.9             $17,500.0  $17,500.0   $1,900.0   -$15,600.0

Repairs & Improvements
 Buildings & Facilities        $3,938.8   $6,000.0   $6,000.0   $6,000.0   $6,100.0       $100.0
                       TOTAL   $3,938.8   $6,000.0   $6,000.0   $6,000.0   $6,100.0       $100.0

TOTAL:
 Buildings & Facilities       $13,261.7   $6,000.0  $23,500.0  $23,500.0   $8,000.0   -$15,500.0

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                              BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
Budget Request
     The Agency requests $8,000,000 for the Buildings and Facilities appropriation,
a decrease of $15,500,000 from 1988.

Program Description

     This program funds the design and construction  of  new EPA facilities,  as  well
as necessary repairs  and improvements to  buildings  already occupied by  EPA.   The
Agency is currently  upgrading  its facilities by improving  heating  and  ventilating
systems, enlarging hazardous waste handling areas, improving fire detection systems.
providing interior and exterior  facility  repairs,  upgrading electrical  systems,
performing engineering  and  planning  studies,  and making  emergency repairs.   The
Agency is designing  new laboratories  in  Newport,  Oregon and  Chapel  Hill,  North
Carolina; extensively  renovating  space  for a  laboratory in  Edison,  New  Jersey;
constructing a  new  radiation  laboratory  in   Montgomery,  Alabama;  and,  a  full
containment facility-in Cincinnati, Ohio.   This program  contains  the  following two
elements:

     New Facilities — This includes  architectural-engineering  and  design services
and building costs for the construction of new Federally owned facilities, existing
Federally owned, and EPA occupied facilities.

     Repairs & Improvements — This includes major repairs and capital  improvements
to any buildings  or  facilities occupied by EPA.  Most  of the projects  relate to
the correction of health and safety and  environmental  compliance  deficiencies, the
prevention of serious deterioration, and the modification  of  current  facilities to
meet program requirements.


NEW FACILITIES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total of  $1,900,000 for  this program, all  of  which
will be for the  Building and  Facilities  appropriation.   This  represents a decrease
of $15,600,000 from 1988 and  reflects the  initiation of  several  projects in 1988.
This request will provide  funds  to construct the Biotechnology Laboratory  in  Gulf
Breeze, Florida.  This  facility  will  support EPA's mandate to  evaluate biotechno-
logical applications which will introduce  or apply  genetically altered  agents into
the ambient environment.   The  laboratory must  meet  stringent safety standards to
prevent altered organisms escaping into the environment.

1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating $17,500,000 for this program, all  of which
is from the  Buildings and Facilities appropriation.  These  funds will be supplemented
by another $2,000,000 in carryover.  These funds will construct a  new water quality
monitoring field station in Newport,  Oregon; design  and  renovate  a  Lab  to test and
evaluate innovative treatment  technologies  in  Edison,  New Jersey; and design  a
laboratory for  clinical  inhalation  research  in  Chapel  Hill,   North  Carolina.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $9,322,900 for this  program, of which
$6,950,500 was  carryover  from  the 1986 Buildings  and  Facilities  appropriation.
These funds were used  to design  and begin construction of a new radiation laboratory
in Montgomery, Alabama, and support the construction of a hazardous waste  containment
laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio.
                                        BF-5

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REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $6,100,000 for this program, all  of  which  will
be for the  Buildings and  Facilities appropriation.   This  represents an  increase
of $100,000 from 1988.  The increase will be used for health and safety and environ-
mental compliance projects.  These funds will  provide planning, engineering "design,
and construction  related  to the  repair and improvement  of  buildings occupied  by
EPA.  More  specifically,  these  funds  will  be used  to  address  critical  repairs
related to employee health and safety (fire protection installation); environmental
compliance efforts  in EPA  facilities  (asbestos  removal   and  hazardous  materials
storage); and, required  alterations  and  repairs (electrical distribution, air condi-
tioning, emergency power for animal  facilities).


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of  $6,000,000  for this program, all
of which is  from  the Buildings and Facilities appropriation.  These  resources are
being utilized primarily to provide facilities maintenance and  repair in an effort
to prevent  deterioration  of EPA  facilities;  to  initiate environmental  compliance
activities such as  asbestos and  PCB  removal; and, to  continue health  and  safety
improvements and modifications to facilities reflecting shifts  in program priorities
and upgraded space requirements.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total  of $3,938,800, all  of  which  was  from
the Buildings and Facilities appropriation.  These resources were used to complete
various health, safety,  and environmental   compliance  improvements  to protect EPA
employees.  In addition, provided routine  and  emergency repairs at  multiple  sites
throughout the nation.
                                        BF-6

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CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY -
                                1989 Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents

                                                                            Page
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS                                                         CG-1
       Construction Grants	 CG-2
                                        CG-1

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      Appropriation


      Outlays
                                                 CONSTRUCTION  GRANTS
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST
1989

INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
               (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)






$2168,797.0  $2000,000.0  $2304,000.0  $2304,000.0  $1500,000.0   -$804,000.0



$2920,339.0  $2320,000.0  $2566,000.0  $2566,000.0  $2377,500.0   -$188,500.0
      Authorization Levels   The Hater  Quality Act of 1987 reauthorized this program at a level  of

                             $2,400,000,000 for each year 1987 through  1991.
o
en

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                                CONSTRUCTION GRANTS


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

Program Background

     Since 1972 the construction grants program has completed about 7,000 construc-
tion projects and  provided $48 billion  of the more than  $65 billion Invested  in
grant-assisted wastewater treatment works.   There are currently about 15,500 treat-
ment plants In the nation serving over 172 million people.

     This program  has  been authorized  since 1972 through  Title II  of  the  Clean
Water Act.  Legislative  amendments  in 1977 and 1981 made  a number of significant
changes to the  program which  Increased State  responsibilities  for direct  grants
management and reduced the Federal  role in financing project  grants.  The  statute
provides a formula for annual  allotment of funds to States  and contains authorities
for various funding set-asides to support delegated State management,  water  quality
management planning, innovative and alternative technologies, and rural communities.

Program Transition

     The Water Quality Act of  1987  set the stage  for significant  program changes.
The traditional  program  of grants  to communities  for  constructing facilities  1s
being replaced  by  grants  to  States  to capitalize  revolving loan  funds  (SRFs),
ushering in expanded State responsibilities  and autonomy in an already extensively
delegated program.  Although several  Title II requirements will apply to projects
funded with capitalization grants for the Initial  round  of  assistance under  the SRF
program, the new  Title  VI of  the  Clean Water Act (CWA) gives States substantial
flexibility to meet their municipal  pollution  control needs.  Under the SRF program,
States will have greater  flexibility  to  use  funds for  nonpoint source and  estuary
programs after they have addressed National Municipal  Policy projects.

     Payment of capitalization  grants will  be made by a letter-of-credit approach
under which increases to the letter-of-credit will be made  over the 8 to  12  quarter
period specified in Title  VI.   States may draw cash under  the letter-of-credit to
cover actual  costs  as  they are  incurred.   EPA's  approach  will  enable  the  States
to provide all  the  forms  of  financial  assistance  allowed by  the Act including
leveraging, low interest loans, refinancing,  loan guarantees, and the purchase  of
Insurance.  Cities will not have to  incur  interim financing costs since cash will
be provided as costs are  incurred.   While providing cash as  needed  to accommodate
all SRF needs,  EPA will  not,  however,  provide cash to the  States solely  for the
purpose of earning interest.  In this way, the unnecessary  outlay  of  Federal  funds
in a period of substantial national  budget deficits will-be avoided.

     EPA expects twelve States to submit SRF grant applications  1n 1988; virtually
all of the remaining States will submit applications  in  1989.   In addition,  new
Section 205 funding  set-asides support nonpoint  source control, marine combined
sewer overflows and estuaries,  and the wastewater treatment needs of Indian  Tribes.

     Although construction  grants  funding will end  after  1990,  grants  management
activities will  continue at significant levels through the  1990's.   In 1989,  almost
5,000 projects  will  remain active.    EPA  will help assure that  projects  utilize
appropriate and affordable designs,  are  constructed  in the  most  cost-effective
manner, and are managed and operated  to  comply with program and  discharge require-
ments.  Effective management of the national  construction  grants program will  be
stressed, emphasizing development  and  implementation  of  multi-year  Regional  and
State strategies to  construct,  complete, and  close  out construction grants.   EPA
will require  delegated  States requesting  SRF  capitalization  grants  to  provide
strategies for  constructing and  completing  grant  projects,  Including resource
plans covering the remaining period through construction, audit and grant closeout.
                                    CG-3

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                                CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

                                Construction Grants


Budget Request

     The Agency  requests  an appropriation  of  $1,500,000,000 for the  construction
grants appropriation, as authorized under Titles II and VI of the CWA.  This request
is divided equally  between  construction grants  ($750,000,000) and  State  revolving
funds ($750,000,000), and represents a decrease of $804,000,000 from 1988.


Program Description

     This program provides  funds to  States and municipal   agencies to assist  in
financing the  construction  of cost-effective  and environmentally  sound  municipal
wastewater treatment facilities and to  assist  States  in  carrying  out their program
and project management responsibilities. Agency management resources and activities
are described in the Municipal  Source Control subactivlty.

     The Water  Quality Act  of 1987  provides  for  an end  to  construction  grants
funding (Title  II)  after  1990,  and beginning in  1987, provides for capitalization
of self-sustaining State revolving fund (SRF) programs (Title VI)  that will provide
loans or  supply other  non-grant construction assistance to local governments.   In
accordance with  the Administration's  $12  billion  phaseout of  this program,  all
Federal funding will terminate after 1993.

     Statutory  set-aside provisions in both Title II and VI of the  Clean  Water Act
allow States  to reserve  up  to four  percent of  their authorization or  $400,000,
whichever is greater, to manage their programs.  All  grants or loans for  assisting
the construction of wastewater treatment facilities are  to  be  awarded  on  the basis
of a State's priority system, which is designed to ensure that  funds are awarded to
projects with the greatest potential for Improving water quality.


CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $1,500,000,000  for the  construction  grants
appropriation, a decrease of $804,000,000 from  1988.   This request 1s  consistent
with the Administration's $12 billion phaseout of the  construction  grants  program.
This program  will  provide the  Federal funds  necessary to  construct the  highest
priority projects and  bring  noncomplying publicly owned treatment works back  into
compliance with the secondary treatment requirements of Title II.

     Gross obligations for the  construction grants program will total approximately
$860,000,000;  gross  obligations   for  the  SRF  program will  total  approximately
$1,240,000,000.   Net  outlays   for  construction  grants are  projected   to  be
$2,292,500,000; net outlays  for  the SRF program are  projected to  be  $85,000,000.

     The requested funding level will  provide for a total of 246 construction grant
awards, resulting in  a total active  workload of  almost 4,700 construction  grant
projects at the end of  1989.  EPA also will award an estimated 47 SRF capitalization
grants during 1989.  Section 205(g)  and (j) set-aside obligations are expected  to
continue at  authorized levels'.   In  addition,  new construction  grant set-asides
(Title II funds) under Section 205  will provide  grants for  Indian tribes,  nonpoint
source control, and marine combined sewer  overflows (MCSO) and  estuaries.


                                    CG-4

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1988 Program

     In  1988,   the  Agency   is  allocating  a  total  of  $2,304,000,000  from  the
construction grants appropriation.

     The Agency estimates gross  obligations of  $2,194,000,000  for the construction
grants program and $410,000,000  for the SRF program.   Net  outlays for construction
grants will be  approximately  $2,556,000,000  and for the  SRF program approximately
$10,000,000.  The 1988 funding level will  result in a total of 626 grant awards and
a total active  workload  of  5,563 construction grants projects at the end  of 1988.
The Agency expects to award twelve SRF capitalization  grants in  1988.  Section 205
set-aside obligations are expected to continue at authorized levels.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  gross  construction  grant   obligations  totaled  $2,169,000,000  and
supported 514 Step  3  and Step 2+3 grant awards.  This funding  resulted in a total
active workload of 6,087  grant projects at  the end of 1987.   Federal outlays totaled
$2,920,000,000.  States  obligated $81,510,680  under  205(g)  and  $30,294,011 under
205(j) for water  quality and  nonpoint source planning.  In  addition, $625,000 was
obligated for the National Estuary Program under the new Marine Estuary Reservation
of Section 205(1).
                                    G6-5

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SUPERFUND

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
SUPERFUND                                                                   SF-1

   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Substance Research	  SF-10
          Scientific Assessment	  SF-16
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	"SF-17
          Heal th Effects	  SF-18
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	  SF-19
          Environmental Processes and Effects	  SF-21
          Expl oratory Research	  SF-22
          Technical Information and Liaison	  SF-23
   HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
       Hazardous Substance Response	  SF-25
          Hazardous Spill  & Site Response	  SF-26
       Hazardous Substance Response - Support	  SF-29
          Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Mater	  SF-31
          Hazardous Substance Response - Office of  A1r  and  Radiation	SF-33
       Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency	  SF-34
          Department of Health & Human Services	  SF-38
          United States Coast Guard	SF-39
          Department of Justice	SF-40
          Federal Emergency Management Agency	  SF-40
          National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration	....;.  SF-41
          Department of the Interior	  SF-41
          Occupational Safety & Health Administration	  SF-42
   ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement	  SF-44
          Hazardous Substance Technical Support - Office
            of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring....	  SF-48
          Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement	.'	  SF-49
          Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement	  SF-51
          Hazardous Substance Criminal Investigations	  SF-53
   MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Hazardous Substance Management and Support	  SF-56
          Hazardous Substance Financial Management - Headquarters	SF-63
          Hazardous Substance Financial Management  - Regions	  SF-64
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Headquarters	  SF-65
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management - Regions	  SF-65
          Hazardous Substance Support Services 7 Headquarters	  SF-66
          Hazardous Substance Support Services - Regions	  SF-67
          Hazardous Substance Computer Services	  SF-67
          Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Headquarters	  SF-68
          Hazardous Substance Legal Services - Regions	  SF-68
          Hazardous Substance-Office of the Inspector General	  SF-69
          Hazardous Substance-Office of Policy, Planning &  Evaluation	SF-70
          Hazardous Substance-Office of the Comptroller	  SF-71
          Hazardous Substance-Office of External Affairs	  SF-72
          Hazardous Substance-Office of Research and Development-
            Lab Support	  SF-72
                                        SF-1

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APPROPRIATION
                                                SUPERFUND
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 Hazardous Substance
   Superfund

TtTAL, Superfund
$1050,748.9 1198,422.0 1128,000.0 1499,499.8 1600,000.0 $100,500.2
$1050,748.9 1198,422.0 1128,000.0 1499,499.8 1600,000.0 $100,500.2
PLRMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
    2,078.0    2,716.0    2,156.0    2,156.0    2,219.0       63.0
    2,174.3    2,716.0    2,673.0    2,633.0    2,750.0      117.0
 $541,305.0 $875,000.0 $778,000.0 $778,000.0 1205,000.0 $427,000.0
 The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorlzation Act (SARA) of 1986 authorizes
 a total of $8,500,000,000 for this program for 1987 through 1991.

-------
                                     SUPERFUND


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,  Compensation,  and  Liability  Act
(CERCLA) of  1980,  as amended by  the  Super-fund Amendments and Reauthorization  Act
(SARA) of 1986, charges the Agency  with the  responsibility  for providing  emergency
response for hazardous substances released into the environment and the cleanup  of
inactive hazardous waste disposal sites.  The major emphasis  of the  Superfund pro-
gram will continue to  be  to  stabilize imminent threats from  releases  of  hazardous
substances and to implement the necessary  long-term remedial  response actions.  The
Hazardous  Substance   Superfund   finances  the  required  activities  to  implement
CERCLA primarily through  excise taxes levied  on  oil  and chemical  manufacturers,
a corporate  environmental  tax,  cost  recoveries  and  general  revenues.  This $1.6
billion request funds  cleanups  at all  sites  ready for remedial action in 1989  and
anticipates meeting statutory deadlines.

     As authorized under CERCLA,  the  Agency  will  respond to  releases  of  hazardous
substances, pollutants, and contaminants by either a  removal  or remedial  action  or
by compelling  responsible parties  to  undertake  the  response  action.    Removal
actions are  generally  short-term  responses  taken to  abate  an  immediate  threat
posed by the uncontrolled  release of  hazardous substances at sites or spills into
the air, land,  or water.  Remedial  actions  involve  long-term and more  permanent
remedies taken instead  of,  or in addition to,  removal  actions.   The  program will
continue to  select  sites  for remedial action from  the  National Priorities List
(NPL)  and  to  undertake  all  response  actions  in accordance with   the   National
Contingency Plan (NCP).

     While the Agency  has the primary responsibility  for  implementing the program,
CERCLA, as  amended,  and  Executive Order  12580 provide  a  clear mandate  for  the
Agency to work closely  with  a variety of other Federal  agencies  and  the  States to
carry out the mission of the  program.

     The Agency  undertakes  five  major  activities  in implementing  the  Superfund
program:  Hazardous Substance Response, Interagency Support,  Enforcement,  Research
and Development, and  Management  and  Support.   The effective integration  of these
activities involves  close  cooperation among  various  Agency  offices, the  States,
and other Federal agencies.

Response  Activities  will Focus on Effective Management   of  the   Growing Remedial
Pipeline and Meeting Mandatory Schedules'•

     The Hazardous Substance  Response program  is  responsible  for  protecting public
health and  the environment  from  dangers  associated  with  releases   of  hazardous
substances into the  environment  by  providing  the necessary funding  and support  to
undertake short-term emergency responses and  long-term site  cleanups.  The activi-
ties include responding to  spills  and emergency  releases of  hazardous  substances
and conducting remedial work  at abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous  waste sites.

     The Agency coordinates  an emergency  response program  to deal  with  the most
serious hazardous  substance   spills and  site  emergencies  where the  responsible
party or State  and local  governments  are  unable to respond  adequately. The Agency
also conducts a comprehensive program to evaluate  all known hazardous  waste sites,
to establish priorities  for  remedial  response, and  to  undertake the appropriate
remedy at  as many  sites  as  possible,  if the responsible party is  unwilling  or
unable to respond.

     In the  removal  program,  the Agency  expects to continue  its  proactive role by
addressing, threats of  releases  and  thereby preventing actual  releases of  hazardous
substances.  Broader  language contained in SARA and the  revised  NCP  have resulted
                                        SF-3

-------
1n a  greater number of  NPL sites being  targeted  for emergency  response actions.
In accordance with  the Hazardous  and. Solid Waste  Amendments (HSWA) of  1984,  the
Agency will  make  greater use of alternatives  to land disposal in  order  to foster
the use  of  permanent  solutions  1n taking  both NPL  and non-NPL  removal  actions.

     On the  remedial   side,  the Agency  will  direct  its  efforts  toward  managing
the expanding  on-going  workload   while  initiating a substantial  number  of  new
activities planned  for the  final   cleanup phases.   In  1989,  the  Response  program
plans to  start  50  new remedial  actions.  These new  remedial actions, along  with
responsible  party cleanups,  will enable  the  program to meet the  mandatory schedule
established  in  SARA to  start  175 new  remedial  cleanup  actions by October  1989.

     In selecting  site remedies,   the  Agency  will  continue  to  emphasize  the  new
cleanup standards established by SARA.   These standards,  although  complex, ensure
site remedies that:  meet applicable,  relevant  and appropriate  Federal  and  State
environmental laws;  provide permanent  solutions to  the  extent practicable;  and
restrict transport  of  hazardous   substances  from   Superfund  sites  to  only  those
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act facilities which  are in compliance with the
Superfund off-site  policy.   The Agency's commitment to  these  standards  assures
safer, and. in the long run, more cost effective cleanups.

     The  Agency  will   continue  to  operate  a  balanced  program to  ensure  that
environmental threats  are addressed-as  quickly as possible.   New  sites  will  be
scored according to the revised Hazard Ranking System.   The  Response program plans
to start investigation  and feasibility  studies, the  first major step In  the cleanup
process, at  70  new  remedial .sites in 1989.   This  will  enable the  program  to  meet
the mandatory schedule  to commence  275  site studies  by October 1989.

     The 1989 request  will  also ensure an adequate level  of resources to  support
activities complementary to  direct response  actions.   The Agency will  continue to
manage sample analysis and  quality control  activities through the national  labora-
tory program.   The  Agency's Environmental Response Team will continue to  provide
training and technical  support  to  Agency,  State,  and local  government personnel.
The Agency will continue  to  operate a system for collecting comprehensive national
notification and response  data  on accidental  releases  of  oil  and hazardous  sub-
stances.  In addition,  the program  will  continue to  stress the transfer  of research
and technical  information among decision makers,   placing  particular  emphasis  on
the transfer of information concerning  alternative technologies  to land  disposal.

Other Federal Agencies  Remain Stable while Support  for Justice's   Growing   Caseload
Increases'

     As part  of  the  requirement  for  close  cooperation  among  various  Federal
agencies, EPA Integrates  the efforts  of the Departments of Health and Human  Ser-
vices, Justice,  Transportation, Commerce,  Interior,  Labor,  and  the Federal  Emer-
gency Management Agency and  manages  an  interagency  budget process  under  Executive
Order 12580, signed by  the President in  January 1987.

     The  activities  of  other  Federal   agencies  are   divided  into  two  basic
categories.  The first category includes  those activities which are episodic  in
nature and taken  in direct  support  of  specific site or spill   response  actions.
The second category  of other Federal  agency  Involvement  is  support for  on-going
activities which are generally  not  Incident-specific.   These activities  are related
to each agency's specific area  of  expertise and include developing program policies
and guidance, conducting  health research, training response  personnel, litigating
civil and  criminal  cases,  and  providing  scientific  and  technical  advice to  EPA
on-scene coordinators.   The  system of dual  activities  ensures  sufficient  support
for broad-based, consistent, and reliable Federal  management, while providing  the
Agency with  the tools  and support  to manage and coordinate activities  at specific
sites.
                                        SF-4

-------
     The  1989  request  reflects   continued  support  for  the   expanded   health
authorities established under.SARA as well as for the on-going activities of  other
Federal agencies  supporting  the Superfund program.   Increased resources are pro-
vided to the  Department of  Justice to  ensure  a  strong  and vigorous  enforcement
effort and to support its expanding legal caseload.

Enforcement  will   Continue  Vigorous  Oversight of Responsible Party  Cleanup  and
Aggressive Cost Recovery Efforts

     The  goal  of   the  Enforcement  program  is to  secure cleanup  of  abandoned
hazardous waste sites  by  responsible  parties  (RPs)  whenever  possible,  and  thus
avoid Federal   and State  response  costs.   When RPs  are  unwilling  to take  their
responsibility for  cleanup,  the  various  enforcement  authorities provided  under
CERCLA and  SARA are used  to promote  RP cleanups.   As a last  resort, the  Trust
Fund is used  to cleanup the  site  and the Agency  then  pursues  cost recovery  from
the RPs.

     In 1989,   the  Enforcement  program  will  increase to  provide  the  oversight
necessary for the  growing number  of responsible  party response  actions planned.
In particular,  responsible parties  are  expected to  initiate 35  remedial actions.
The Enforcement program, like the  Response  program,  will  focus much of its  effort
on managing the increased oversight  required for not  only new  remedial  activities,
but also for an expanding on-going  workload.

     The complex activities  involved in  the  Superfund  enforcement program  require
a close working relationship between the Agency's legal  and technical  operations,
the Department of Justice, and  other Agency  offices.   Within this framework,  legal
and technical  information  is developed  about a  site and Its  responsible parties.
Based on this information  and  in  consultation with  State  and  program staffs,  a
Fund-financed or  RP-financed study 1s conducted to  determine  a  remedy consistent
with the NCP.

     Responsible parties are then   given the opportunity through negotiations  to
design and construct the remedy necessary to alleviate the  identified  threat.   If
negotiations are  not  successful,  either  the  remedial  action proceeds  using  Trust
Fund money, and a subsequent cost  recovery action is initiated against the  RP,  or
CERCLA Section  106  administrative  or judicial  procedures are initiated to  compel
the responsible party to cleanup the site.  Agreements by  RPs to undertake response
actions are ratified in the form of CERCLA Section  104/106 administrative  orders on
consent for  remedial   investigation/feasibility  studies  and  removal   actions  or
consent decrees for remedial actions.   In the  event  of non-compliance  with  the
terms of an order or decree, Regions provide the documentation for development and
support of a civil action to enforce the order or decree.

     A key  priority for  the  Enforcement program in  1989  will  be  to  pursue  a
larger, more  aggressive cost recovery  effort to ensure maximum and  timely  returns
to the Trust  Fund.   Agency  management efforts  will  provide additional support to
this effort through  the establishment  of a  new optical  disk document  storage and
retrieval system to improve cost documentation for cost recovery cases.

     The Agency will also  continue to  strengthen its  technical  assistance to other
Federal agencies  that  are  addressing their  own  hazardous  waste facilities.   In
addition, enforcement actions will  be taken to achieve cleanup  at closing  or closed
RCRA facilities which have environmentally significant releases.

     The Criminal  Enforcement  program will  use the  felony  provisions of SARA to
prosecute parties who fail  to report hazardous substance releases, destroy records,
or submit false information on claims.  The Agency  will provide specialized  support
for the  Enforcement program through  laboratory analysis  of high hazard  samples,
field investigations, technical  assistance in the  negotiations .of consent decrees,
and evidence  audits to assure the accuracy of records and analyses.
                                       SF-5

-------
Research and Development Support increases

     The Research and Development program supports the Agency,  States,  and industry
in resolving  technical  problems  which  inhibit  the  effective  implementation  of
removal and  remedial  actions.   Support  focuses  on adapting existing  technologies
and scientific information for  application  to uncontrolled hazardous waste  sites.

     In addition to  providing expanded  technical  support to the program  office  in
conducting cleanups  and  enforcement actions, the  1989  program will emphasize the
commercialization of  alternative  and  innovative  treatment technologies for  use  in
cleanup actions  by  developing  reliable  performance  and  cost information  through
full scale  demonstrations  under  the  Superfund   Innovative  Technology Evaluation
program.

     In 1989, a  new  initiative  will  be undertaken to  evaluate  biological  treatment
systems (biosystems) for use in  cleaning up waste sites.  Successful  application  of
biosysterns could  substantially  reduce  the  cost  of  cleaning  up  Superfund  sites.

     Increased resources will  also be provided to develop advanced  field monitoring
techniques for the measurement of hazardous substances  commonly found  at  Superfund
sites.  Technologies which are now primarily used in the laboratory will be adapted
and further developed for field use  to  provide techniques  and  methods  that provide
more cost-effective field monitoring at Superfund sites.

     Research  funding  will   also  be  provided   for  five  competitive  Hazardous
Substance  Research  Centers  to  conduct  research  and  training   related to  the
manufacture, use, transportation,  disposal,  and management of hazardous substances.

Management and Support Continues Improvement in Support Services

     This function  provides  the  financial,  administrative, and  support  services
necessary to manage  the  Superfund program.   This includes  financial management  to
track and report on the use of the Hazardous Substance Superfund; administration  of
contracts, personnel, information  systems,  laboratory services,  and safety  train-
ing; services  for  space,  utilities,  and  other  non-personnel  support needs;  and
computer services.   Management  and support  also includes  the  provision   of  legal
services; audits and investigations; policy analysis and program evaluation;  budget
development and  oversight;  communication with groups external  to  the  Agency; and
lab support for Superfund research.

     In 1989, improved support  will  be provided  to cost-recovery actions  and site
specific documentation with the implementation of  an  automated nationwide document
storage and retrieval  system.   This support will improve  the  timeliness,  accuracy
and completeness of  financial documents  1n  the program.  The Agency will  continue
to effectively manage the increasing number  of Superfund contracts and provide the
technical assistance and computing  resources  to  support the information management
requirements of the program.
                                       SF-6

-------
                                     SUPERFUND


                                        Budget   Current               Increase (+)
                              Actual    Estimate  Estimate   Request    Decrease (-)
                               1987      1988      1988      1989      1989 vs 1988

PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Incremental Outputs

Removal Actions:
     Fund Financed	     227       200      190          190           0
     PRP Response	      33        55       58           55          -3
     Both	      10       N/A      N/A          N/A         N/A

Pre-remed1al Actions:
     Preliminary
      Assessments	   4,001     3,200    2,432        3,000        +568
     Site Inspections	   1,343     1,035    1,117        2,200      +1,083

Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies:
     Fund Financed..	      66        90       70           70           0
     PRP Response	      40        40       33           33           0
     Both	       6       N/A      N/A          N/A         N/A
     Federal Facilities	      —        47       25           20          -5

Remedial Designs:
     Fund Financed	      56        65       78           75          -3
     PRP Response	       5        49       54           70         +16

Remedial Actions:
     Fund Financed	      25        50       49           50          +1
     PRP Response	       6        29       19           35         +16
     Both	       1       N/A      N/A          N/A         N/A
     Federal Facilities	                 2        4            2-2

Judicial Enforcement:
     §106 Referrals	_    11        87       85           91          +6
     Cost Recovery
      Referrals	      24        46       51           56          +5
     Criminal Referrals	       0        14        9            9           0
                                        SF-7

-------
                                     SUPERFUND


                                        Budget   Current               Increase ( + )
                              Actual    Estimate  Estimate   Request    Decrease (-)
                               1987      1988      1988      1989      1989 vs 1988

PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Cumulative Outputs

Removal Actions:
     Fund Financed	     839     1,039     1,029        1,219       +190
     PRP Response	     184       239       242          297       + 55
     Both	      59       N/A       N/A          N/A        N/A

Pre-remedial Actions:
     Preliminary
      Assessments	  24,004    27,204    26,436       29,436     +3,000.
     Site Inspections	   7,835     8,870     8,952       11,152     +2,200

Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Studies:
     Fund Financed	      432       522       502          572        +70
     PRP Response	       95       135       128          161        +33
     Both	       72       N/A       N/A          N/A        N/A
     Federal Facilities	        5        52        30           50        +20

Remedial Designs:
     Fund Financed	     124       189       202          277        +75
     PRP Response	      55       104       109          179        +70

Remedial Actions:
     Fund Financed	      67       117       116          166        +50
     PRP Response	      62        91        81          116        +35
     Both	       4       N/A       N/A          N/A        N/A
     Federal Facilities	       1         3         5            7         +2  •

Judicial Enforcement:
     §106 Referrals	     113       200       198          289        +91
     Cost Recovery
      Referrals	     177       223       228          284        +56
     Criminal Referrals	       7        21        16           25         +9
                                       SF-8

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    Research
and Development

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page
SUPERFUND

   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
       Hazardous Substance Research	  SF-10
          Scientific Assessment	  SF-16
          Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance	  SF-17
          Heal th Effects	  SF-18
          Environmental  Engineering and Technology	  SF-19
          Environmental  Processes and Effects	  SF-21
          Expl oratory Research	  SF-22
          Technical Information and Liaison	  SF-23
                                        SF-9

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                                            SUPERFUND
                                  Hazardous Substance Research
ACTUAL
1987
PROGRAM
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund
Hazardous Substance

Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Hazardous Substance

Health Effects
Hazardous Substance

BUDGET .
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)


$2
TOTAL $2



$9
TOTAL $9

$2
TOTAL $2


,874.0
,874.0



,069.6
,069.6

,162.3
,162.3


$4,328
$4,328



$12,781
$12,781

$3,745
$3,745


.7
.7



.4
.4

.0
.0


$4,328
$4,328



$12,781
$12,781

$3,745
$3,745


.7
.7



.4
.4

.0
.0


$4
$4



$12
$12

$3
$3
i

,328.7
,328.7



,781.4
,781.4

,745.0
,745.0


$4,488
$4,488



$13,031
$13,031

$3,745
$3,745


.7
.7



.4
.4

.0
.0


$160.0
$160.0



$250.0
$250.0



Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
Superfund
 Hazardous Substance
       $18,947.3  $31,753.2  $26,153.2  $26,158.2  $32,398.5  $6.240.3
TOTAL  $18,947.3  $31,753.2  $26,153.2  $26,158.2  $32.398.5  $6,240.3
Environmental Processes
& Effects -
Superfund
 Hazardous Substance
Exploratory Research
 Hazardous Substance
                        TOTAL
                        TOTAL
$2,718.6
$2,718.6
$3,090.0
$3,090.0
$3,077.9
$3.077.9
$2,500.0
$2,500.0
$3,077.9
$3,077.9
$7,500.0
$7,500.0
$3,077.9
$3,077.9
$7,500.0
$7,500.0
$4,727.9
$4,727.9
$7,550.0
$7,550.0
$1,650.0
$1,650.0
$50.0
$50.0

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                                                SUPERFUND
                                      Hazardous Substance Research

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

Technical
Infomatlon And Liaison
 Hazardous Substance              $856.6     $625.8     $625.8     $625.8     $625.8
                        TOTAL     $856.6     $625.8     $625.8     $625.8     $625.8

TOTAL:
 Hazardous Substance           $39,718.4  $58,812.0  $58,212.0  $58,217.0  $66,567.3  $8,350.3

Hazardous Substances    TOTAL  $38,718.4  $58,812.0  $58,212.0  $58,217.0  $66,567.3  $8,350.3
Research


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment-              10.7       11.4        11.4        11.4        14.6       3.2
Superfund

Monitoring Systems &                22.4       24.3    .    24.3        24.3        25.3       1.0
Quality Assurance -
Superfund

Health Effects                        2.5         3.0         3.0         3.0         3.0

Environmental                       38.3       38.9        38.9        38.9        47.9       9.0
Engineering  &
Technology
Superfund

Environmental Processes             11.3         7.0         7.0         7.0        10.0       3.0
&  Effects -
Superfund

Exploratory  Research                                                              1.0       1.0

-------
CO
-n
                                                                 SDPERFIINO
                                                       Hazardous Substance Research

                                                   ACTUAL      BUDGET      ENACTEO    CURRENT
                                                    1987     ESTIMATE      1988     ESTIMATE
                                                               1988                   1988
                                        REOHEST   INCREASE +
                                         1989     DECREASE -
                                                1P89 VS 1P88

Technical
Infomation And Liaison
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Scientific Assessment-
Superfund
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance -
Superfund
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering ft
Technology
Superfund
Environmental Processes
ft Effects -
Superfund
Exploratory Research
Technical
(nflLLARS IN
5 1.0
85.7 85.6

11.7 11.4
24.1 24.3
2.7 3.0
41.9 38.9
12.5 7.0

5 1.0
THOHSANOS)
1.0 1.0
85.6 85.6

11.4 11.4
24.3 24.3
3.0 3.0
38.9 38.9
7.0 7.0

1.0 1.0

1.0
102.8

14.6
25.3
3.0
47.9
10.0
1.0
1.0


17.2

3.2
1.0

9.0
3.0
1.0

                  Infonation And Liaison
                  TOTAL WORKYEARS
93.4
85.6
85.6
85.6
102.8
17.2

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                                     SUPERFUND


                           Hazardous Substance Research


                           Principal Outputs by Objective


Objective 1;  Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and  Situation  Assessment
1989:  °  Health and Environmental  Effects Documents (Sci. Assessment)
       0  Report on  emerging  technology for the treatment of  metal-bearing  wastes
          (Envir. Engineering)

1988:  °  Health and Environmental  Effects Documents (Sci. Assessment)
       0  Report on survey and assessment of completed and ongoing remedial  actions
          (Engineering)
1987:  °  Health Effects Assessment Documents (Sci. Assessment)
          Cost  estimation  models  for remedial  action technologies  (Engineering)
o
Objective 2:  Develop Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites
1989:  °  Report on BOAT for Superfund wastes (Engineering)
       0  Report  on  enhancing biodegradation  of a  gasoline spill  in  groundwater
          (Envir. Processes)

1988:  °  Assessment  report for  stabilization/fixation  methods for  soils (Envir.
          Engineering)
       0  Identification and preparation  of soils test matrix  and  physical  treat-
          ment for Superfund BOAT project (Envir. Engineering)

1987:  °  Handbook on leachate treatment techniques (Envir. Engineering)


Objective 3:  Provide  Information on  Personnel   Health, Protective Equipment, and
Procedures"

1989:  °  Interim report on improvement  of  worker safety via robotics,  automation,
          and task modification (Envir. Engineering)

1988;  °  Evaluation  of  personnel  hazard  detectors  for  highly  toxic  chemicals
          (Envir. Engineering)

1987:  °  Evaluation  of EPA/US  Army developed  breathing apparatus  for  personnel
          protection (Envir. Engineering)


Objective 4;  Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts

1989:  °  Reportable  Quantity chapters  for HEEDs  and  other chemicals designated
          by OERR (Sci.  Assessment)

1988:  °   Reportable Quantities   documentation  for  carcinogenicity  and  chronic
          health effects (Sci. Assessment)

1987:  °   Reportable Quantities   documentation  for  carcinogenicity  and  chronic
          health effects (Sci. Assessment)
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Objective 5;   Provide  Technical  Support  to  Enforcement,  Program, and Regional
Offices

1989;  °  Document on  evaluation  of  bioremediation  as a remedial action technology
          (Envlr. Processes)
1988:  °  Reports on remote sensing for Superfund sites (Monitoring)
          HWERL Engineering Research Symposium (Envir. Engineering)
o
1987:  °   State-of-the-Art  technology seminar  for  Regional Offices  (Envlr.  Eng.)


Objective 6:  Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program  Requirements

1989:  °  Annual Report - QA support to the Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)

1988;  °  Annual Report - QA support to the Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)

1987;  °  Annual Report - QA support to the Contract Laboratory Program (Monitoring)


Objective 7;  Provide Technology Transfer

1989;  °   Annual  Report on  CERCLA  Technology Transfer  Activities  (Tech.  Info.)

1988:  °   Annual  Report on  CERCLA  Technology Transfer  Activities  (Tech.  Info.)

1987:  °   Annual  Report on  CERCLA  Technology Transfer  Activities  (Tech.  Info.)


Objective 8:  Conduct  Alternative/Innovative  Technology Research, Development and
Demonstration•

1989:  °   Report on  ten  SITE program  demonstrations  and applications  analyses
          (Envir. Engineering)
       0  Annual SITE Status Report to Congress (Envlr. Engineering)
1988:  °  Annual SITE Status Report to Congress (Envir. Engineering)
          Demonstration reports on ten innovative technologies (Envlr.  Engineering)
o
1987;  °  Interim report  on  development  and demonstration  of immunoassay detection
          system for rapid screening at Superfund sites (Monitoring)
       0  Technology development  reports  on innovative  technologies  (Envlr.  Eng.)


Objective 9:  Conduct  Hazardous  Substances  Health  Effects/Risk  Assessment  and
Detection Research"        '

1989;  °   Annual   Report   on  SupeVfund  health  risk  research  (Sci.  Assessment)

1988;  °  Report on screening methods for field application (Monitoring)

1987;  °  Report on rapid  response toxidty data  development (Health)


Objective 10:  Manage University Hazardous  Substances Research Centers

1989;  °  Annual  Report:   Hazardous  Substances  Research  Centers (Exp.  Research)

1988:  °  Annual  Report:   Hazardous  Substances Research  Centers (Exp.  Research)
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                                     SUPERFUND


                           Hazardous Substance Research


Budget Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of  $66,567,300  supported by 102.8 total  workyears
for 1989, an  increase  of $8,350,300 and  17.2 total  workyears over the 1988 level.
All of the  request will  be for  the Hazardous  Substance Superfund appropriation.
The increase  supports  the  innovative  and alternative  technology  review  program
and research  to  evaluate  biological degradation  techniques  (biosystems)  for  use
in Superfund site cleanups.

Program Description

     The Superfund  research  and  development program provides a  core of scientific
and technical Information to  support implementation of  the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation  and Liability Act  (CERCLA) as  amended by the Super-
fund Amendments  and  Reauthorization Act  of  1986  (SARA).   The  research  program
concentrates on  assessing  the health  and environmental   risks  posed  by  Superfund
sites and on  evaluating equipment and techniques  for  discovering, assessing, pre-
venting, removing, and disposing  of  hazardous substances  released  into the environ-
ment.

     Objective 1;  Provide Techniques and Procedures for  Site and  Situation Assess-
ment.This research provides techniques and procedures to allow on-scene coordina-
tors  and remedial  project  managers to  quickly  and effectively assess the degree
of hazard posed at specific uncontrolled waste sites.

     Objective 2;  Develop  Technologies  to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites.  This
research program develops  and  evaluates technologies  which  are  not yet  ready  for
field application  and  require additional  lab development.   These technologies are
being developed  by  the Agency as tools  for  cleanup  under the  Superfund program.
This development activity must be carried out  by  the Agency because  of  low com-
mercial interest, low  potential  for  profit, or  because.of  the  high economic risks
associated with the development of the technology.

     Objective 3;  Provide  Information on Personnel   Health, Protective Equipment,
and Procedures.This  research  provides evaluation and  assessment of the technol-
ogies applicable to ensuring personnel health and  safety during  removal and remed-
ial response operations.

     Objective 4:  Support Reportable Quantities Regulatory Efforts.  This research
supports Superfund  regulatory  efforts  by  ranking  and  assigning  reportable quanti-
ties to  chemicals   based  upon either   carcinogenicity  or  chronic  health  effects
information.  This information is then used by the program office  to adjust report-
able quantities for these chemicals.

     Objective 5;  Provide  Technical  Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices.This research provides  review or  remedial action design and implementation
plans and review of new data submitted  by liable  parties  for specific site problems.
Review and technical expertise is also provided  to the enforcement program and the
Regional  offices.

     Objective 6;  Provide Quality Assurance Support for  Superfund Program Require-
ment sTThis program provides extensive support to the National  Contract Laboratory
Program.  Activities  include development  and promulgation of  analytical methods to
measure and  characterize  samples  from  Superfund sites,  and  review and evaluation
of quality assurance and quality  control plans.
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     Objective 7:  Provide Technology Transfer.  This program disseminates informa-
tion to the  program, office,  Regions,  States and  local  authorities  to assist them
in Superfund site cleanups.

     Objective 8:  Conduct  Alternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development
and Demonstration.'This  program fulfills the  Agency's responsibility  under SARA
§311(b) to  carry out a  comprehensive  program of  research,  development and demon-
stration for  the purpose  of  promoting the  commercialization  of  innovative and
alternative treatment and monitoring technologies.

     Objective 9:  Conduct  Health  Effects/Risk Assessment and Detection Research.
This program fulfills  the Agency's responsibility under SARA  §311(c)  to carry out
a comprehensive  program  of  research  and development  to  enhance the Agency's scien-
tific capabilities to detect, assess,  and  evaluate effects on, and risks to,  human
health from hazardous substances.

     Objective 10;  Manage  University  Hazardous Substance  Research Centers.  This
program funds research and training related to the  manufacture, use, transportation,
disposal, and management of hazardous substances through a university based centers
program as authorized under SARA §311(d).

     Objective 11:   Alternative/Innovative   Treatment  Technology  Test  Facility.
This program  willprovide  the  funds  to fully  establish  the Test  and Evaluation
facility at  Edison,  NJ,  by  providing  required  monitoring,  emissions  control and
other equipment  for the facility.


SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total of $4,488,700 supported by  14.6  total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which  will  be  for  the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation.   This  represents  an increase  of $160,000 and  3.2  total  workyears.
The increase  will  focus  on the development of  toxicological  profiles  which are
mandated by  SARA and  additional  risk  assessment  reviews  for  EPA  Regional  Offices
through establishment of a regional risk assessment review group.

     Provide Techniques and Procedures  for Site and Situation Assessment. Chemical -
specific exposure, health  and  environmental  effects documents, and  rapid  response
assessments will  continue  to  be  prepared to  assist  the program  office and Regions
in evaluating the degree of hazard at  uncontrolled waste sites during the remedial
investigation and feasibility  study  (RI/FS)   process.   Increased resources  will  be
used to develop  additional toxicological profiles  1n  cooperation  with  the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).

     Support  Reportable  Quantities  Regulatory Efforts.  Chemical-specific health
effects documentation (cancer and  other chronic effects) will continue  to be pro-
vided to the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial Response  (OERR) for use 1n adjusting
the Reportable Quantity  amounts  for  various  hazardous  substances.   These two risk
categories are among those  which are considered by the  program office in adjusting
Reportable Quantity amounts of given  hazardous  substances to reflect the potential
hazard associated with their release Into the environment.

     Provide  Technical  Support  to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.  In
response to SARArequirements,an increasednumber of riskassessments will  be
conducted by EPA Regional  Offices.  ORD will increase  Its  support  to the Regions
through the establishment  of  a  regional risk assessment review  group.  This  group
will  serve as a  focal  point for review of risk assessments generated by the Regions
and provide  risk assessment  guidance  in  response to  requests  from  the  Regions.
Support to the enforcement  program in  exposure and  risk  assessment will  continue.
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     Conduct  Hazardous  Substances  Health  Effects/Risk  Assessment and Detection
Research.This program provides data and  methodologies  for  health risk assessment
use throughout  the removal  and  remedial   response  process  for  Superfund  offices.
Efforts will be focused on  data collection  for use in exposure assessment components
of risk  assessment,  analysis of  existing  toxiclty  data for  use in hazard assess-
ment, and  expansion  and verification  of   toxicity  data  contained  in  inhouse data
bases.  Collection of  data  for  use in developing  pharmacokinetic models  used  to
refine risk estimates will  continue.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating  a total of  $4,328,700 supported by 11.4 total
workyears for this program, all  of  which is  from  the Hazardous  Substance Superfund
appropriation.  Activities include development of  data  and procedures to fill infor-
mation gaps  which  exist in  the  Superfund  public health  evaluation process.  This
Includes development  of test methods   for evaluation  of the hazard  potential  of
waste mixtures, screening techniques for early detection of adverse health effects,
and predictive models which are intended to reduce the  uncertainties in  risk assess-
ment caused  by  data  limitations.   In  addition,  exposure and  risk assessments are
being prepared  to assist  in evaluations  of alternative  courses  of  action  that
might be applied to a site.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $2,874,000 supported  by 11.7 total
workyears for this program,  all  of which  was from the  Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation.  The  program produced health and environmental  effects docu-
ments and  rapid  response   health  assessments,   carcinogenic  and  chronic  health
effects documents  for  many  hazardous  substances to  support reportable  quantity
adjustment, and assisted with health and risk assessment  of  sites for the enforce-
ment office.   In  addition, a  research  program was  initiated to develop  improved
risk assessment data and procedures.


MONITORING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $13,031,400 supported by  25.3 total workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation.  This  represents an Increase of $25"0,000 and  1.0 total workyear.  The
Increase reflects  an  expansion  of  the  program to  develop  rapid,  advanced field-
monitoring techniques to characterize substances found at Superfund sites.

     Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and Situation Assessment.  Monitor-
ing techniques will be  evaluated,  validated, standardized, and field tested.  Proto-
cols for their use will  be prepared.   Analytical  methods for detection and quanti-
fication of pollutants will be validated.   Indicator parameter methods  and monitor-
Ing strategies for Superfund sites will  be developed.

     Provide Technical  Support to Enforcement. Program and Regional Offices.  Site-
specific monitoring will continue  to  be provided to OWPE, OERR  and the Regions  in
response to their  requests for assistance at  Superfund sites.   This  will include
providing aerial imagery,  photographic  interpretation, and  maps   for pre- and post-
remedial site assessment.  Oversight  reviews  for  monitoring  portions  of settlement
agreements will be provided.  In addition, support will be provided 1n the areas of
ground water sampling,'network design, use  of geophysical techniques, and analytical
methods.
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     Provide Quality Assurance Support for Superfund Program Requirements.  Qua!1ty
assurance support  will  be  provided to the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) to en-
sure that data  of known and documented quality  are used in the Superfund program.
Pre-contract capability  assessments,  supply  of  calibration materials  to contract
laboratories, assessment of  laboratory  performance, evaluation/improvement of ana-
lytical methods,  and  validation  reports  on  CLP   laboratories  will  be  provided.

     Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development and Demonstra-
tion.Resources  in  1989 will  be used to demonstrate and evaluate innovative moni-
toring technologies.   This  will  be a  cooperative  program with  the  private sector
to determine applicability to  Superfund  site  assessment and pollutant  characteri-
zation problems.   Promising  monitoring  techniques  lacking private  sector support,
which are not yet  ready for  demonstration, will  be evaluated and further developed
so that they can be validated and demonstrated.

     Conduct  Hazardous  Substances  Health  Effects/Risk  Assessment and Detection
Research.The program to develop advanced field monitoring techniques for measure-
ment of hazardous substances will be expanded.  Technologies which are now primarily
used in  the  laboratory  will  be  adapted  and  further developed  for field  use to
provide techniques  and methods that  allow more focused,  complete,  expedient, and
cost-effective field monitoring for common hazardous substances at Superfund sites.
The application  of these in-the-field  monitoring  techniques and methods  will ac-
celerate site cleanup  and reduce costs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating a total  of $12,781,400 supported  by 24.3
total work years  for  this program,  all  of  which  is  from the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.   Monitoring  techniques  are  being  evaluated,  validated,
standardized and  field tested.   Protocols  for  their  use are  being  prepared  to
support the remedial  investigation  and  feasibility study processes.   Site-specific
monitoring support is  being  provided  to  Regions  and the program offices, including
aerial  photographic  interpretation  for site assessment, oversight  for settlement
agreements and support  in  ground water sampling/network design.  Quality assurance
support is being  provided to the Contract Laboratory Program.   Advanced monitoring
techniques from the  private  sector  are being evaluated  and  demonstrated  for their
applicability to  Superfund  monitoring  situations.   Field  monitoring  techniques
which show potential for significant cost savings are being developed and validated
to permit better detection of hazardous substances  at Superfund sites.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $9,069,600 supported  by 24.1 total
workyears for this  program,  all  of which  was from the  Hazardous  Substance Super-
fund appropriation.   During  1987,  remote sensing was  provided for  use  in  site
assessments.  Geophysical  techniques  were  used  to  locate  buried  drums  at  a
number of  sites.  Development  of  an  immunoassay system  to detect  pentachloro-
phenol  and  a  fiber  optic  sensor  for  chloroform  detection  progressed.   Evalu-
ation of  a  portable  x-ray  fluorescence   system  in  the  field  occurred,  showing
the precision and  accuracy  of  the system to be comparable to  currently approved,
but more cumbersome techniques.


HEALTH EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of  $3,745,000 supported  by 3.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which will  be for the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation.   This represents no change in  dollars or total workyears.
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      Conduct  Hazardous  Substances   Health   Effects/Risk   Assessment  and  Detection
 Research.This  program  providesImproved health evaluation  measures and data to
 detect,  assess,  and  evaluate  human  health  hazards  from  hazardous  substances at
 Superfund  sites.   This  work  Includes  providing  methods  to evaluate  the  hazard
 potential  of waste mixtures,  screening techniques for  early detection of adverse
 health effects,  and  identification  and improvement  of better  measures  of  health
 endpoints, particularly  non-cancer   endpoints   such  as  reproductive  effects  and
 neurotoxicity.


 1988 Program

      In  1988, the  Agency is allocating a total  of  $3,745,000 supported by  3.0 total
 workyears  for this program, all  of which is  from the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
 appropriation.   In 1988, the health  effects  research program  is  working to provide
 methods  to detect, assess,  and evaluate the risks to  human health from  hazardous
 substances associated with  Superfund  sites.   For example, test methods are  being
 developed  for  the evaluation  of hazard potential  of waste  mixtures, as  are  pre-
 dictive  techniques that can reduce uncertainties in risk assessment caused by data
 limitations. This research is  coordinated  with the scientific assessment program
 and  activities  of the  program  office, as well  as with the research  activities of
 both the National  Institute of Environmental  Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the  Agency
 for  Toxic  Substances  and Disease Registry  (ATSDR).


 1987 Accomplishments

      In  1987,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of $2,162,300 supported  by  2.7  total
 workyears  for this program, all  of  which was  from the Hazardous  Substance  Super-
 fund appropriation.   In  1987,  the Superfund health  effects  research program  was
.initiated  pursuant to  §311{c)  of  SARA to  enhance  the Agency's  scientific  cap-
 abilities  to evaluate  and  assess the  health effects  of and  risks to humans  from
 hazardous  substances.   Research on rapid  response toxicity testing,  toxicity  dose
 measurement techniques  and  development of  methods  for predicting  neurotoxic effects
 from complex mixtures occurred.


 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND  TECHNOLOGY

 1989 Program Request

      The Agency  requests a total of  $32,398,500 supported  by 47.9 total  workyears
 for  this program,  all of which  will be for the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund  appro-
 priation.   This  represents an  increase  of $6,240,300 and 9.0  total workyears.   The
 increase reflects  an  expansion  of research  on the use  of biological degradation
 (biosystems) at  Superfund  site cleanups,  establishment  of a Superfund Innovative
 Technology Evaluation (SITE) information  clearinghouse, increased project manage-
 ment for the SITE technology demonstration program, and costs necessary to provide
 equipment  for the  Test  and  Evaluation  Facility in support  of the SITE program at
 Edison,  New Jersey.

      Provide Techniques  and  Procedures for Site and  Situation  Assessment.   Engi-
 neering  expertise  and assessment procedures  will be provided to  assistthe program
 office in  remedial investigations and feasibility studies (RI/FS) at specific  Super-
 fund sites.  Information will  be provided  on the cost and effectiveness  of remedial
 action technologies  for  specific  sites based  on  data  collected  from surveys  and
 technology evaluations.  Increased emphasis  will  be placed  on  the development of
 support  tools to assist with RI/FS activities.   Information will  be provided  on the
 biochemistry and  genetics of PCB degradation by bacteria  and on the  evaluation of
 solidification techniques for  hazardous waste treatment.
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     Develop  Technologies  to Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites.  This research will
develop and  evaluate  technologies which  are notready  for field  application  and
require additional  lab  development.   These  technologies  are being developed by the
Agency as-  tools  for  cleanup in  its operating  Superfund  program.   Much  of this
development activity must  be carried out by the Agency because  of  low commercial
interest, low potential for profit, or because of the high economic risks associated
with development  of the technology.  Technology specific development  will  be pro-
vided in the  major technical  areas  of jm  situ and on-site treatment.   Biosystems
research efforts will  be increased to develop new application techniques, technology
for environmental  and  worker protection  during  application   of  biosystems,  and
technology transfer to the user  community.   Biosystems research is being increased
because the  Agency feels that this  technology has the  potential  to significantly
reduce the cost of  site cleanups  and because the private sector has shown a limited
interest in the  technology  because of high  economic risks.  Other activities will
focus on technologies involving extraction,  degradation,  detoxification, and solidi-
fication of  contaminated material,  municipal  waste,   combustion  research,  on-site
treatment equipment, and best demonstrated available technologies.

     Provide  Information on Personnel Health.  Protective Equipment and Procedures.
This research willevaluate  personnelprotective  clothing, equipment,  and proce-
dures.  Specific accomplishments  will include identification and evaluation of prom-
ising new  protective  materials,  garments,  respirators,  personal  hazard detectors,
and equipment.   Application   of  automation  or  robotics  to  selected   removal  and
remedial tasks, and development  of  improved methods for measuring and documenting
the physical properties "of garment materials will also be investigated.

     Provide  Technical  Support to  Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices.  The
engineering program will  provide technical  advice and consultation  to enforcement
and the program office  on  issues that arise during emergency and  remedial  response
at Superfund sites  for  case  support.  Information from  Superfund  research  will  be
provided to Agency  implementors  and  regulators to ensure that the latest available
procedures and technologies are employed at sites.  Technical support is anticipated
to shift to more field-oriented activities.

     Conduct Alternative/Innovative Technology Research, Development and Demonstra-
tion.  The alternative/innovative treatment technology demonstration program (SITE)
wi 11 be expanded  by adding  needed critical project management support  to handle
the large  number  of  treatment   technology  demonstrations   that this  program  will
have underway or  under negotiation.  It  is estimated that  during  1989 the Agency
will have  thirty technology  demonstrations underway  or  under negotiation.   The
program will  evaluate emerging  technologies to  accelerate development from  the
proof-of-concept to the  pilot stage.   The  focus  will  be  on  separation,  chemical
stabilization, detoxification, and destruction  that  promise to provide significant
new technologies  for  cleaning up Superfund wastes.   Demonstration of biosystems
treatment processes will  be  expanded.   A  SITE  information clearinghouse  will  be
operated pursuant to §311(b) of SARA.

     A/I.  Treatment  Technology  Test Facility.  Renovation activities will  be com-
pleted oh the Test and Evaluation Facility at Edison, NO.  Since regulatory require-
ments mandate the  treating and  monitoring  of emissions from  hazardous  and  toxic
waste treatment  systems, various  instruments and equipment  will  be required.   Test
areas must have  back-up treatment equipment such as  dual bank high efficiency partic-
ipate air filters and  must  have continuous monitoring systems,  including sample col-
lection, conditioning, and transport  assemblies.   Analytical laboratories  will  re-
quire gas chromatographs and emissions spectrometers.   Shop areas must  be organized
and equipped  with  such  items   as  compressors,  lathes,   and  milling  machines.

1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total of $26,158,200 supported  by  38.9
total workyears  for this program, all  of  which is from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation..  Activities in  1988 include the   SITE  program which  is
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promoting the .commercialization  of  alternative and Innovative technologies for use
In response actions.   At  least ten  demonstrations  of  innovative  technologies will
be initiated  in  1988.   In addition, engineering expertise and procedures are being
provided to assist in  remedial investigations  and  feasibility  studies  for specific
Superfund sites  (evaluations of technology applicability/feasibility/costs).  Prom-
ising in-place and  on-site treatment processes and equipment  are being developed,
as are in situ techniques for large municipal waste NPL sites.


1987 Accompli shments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of  $18,947,300  supported  by 41.9 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.   During  1987, the program reviewed  site  assessment and feasibility
plans and advised  on  engineering issues for sites.  A report  was prepared on data
requirements for  remedial  action  screening,  design,  and  construction,  and  cost
models for estimating  costs  of remedial action alternatives  were developed.  Per-
sonnel protection  procedures and equipment were evaluated.  Technical  support was
provided for 35  sites.   A mobile soils washing system was  prepared for functional
evaluation, and  the mobile  incinerator was modified to  increase  Its  throughput by
a factor of two.  The mobile carbon regenerator was  prepared  for demonstration at
a site.  The  second  SITE solicitation  was published  and  a  number  of proposals
selected for  followup  action.   Activities  were initiated toward  the  demonstration
of technologies  selected  from  the first SITE  solicitation.   Ten  technology demon-
strations were initiated during  1987, with one demonstration completed.


ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AND EFFECTS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $4,727,900 supported by  10.0 total  workyears
for this program, all  of which will  be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation.  This  represents an  increase  of  $1,650,000  and 3.0 total workyears.  The
increase reflects  an  expansion  of the  program on  biological  systems   (biosystems)
for waste degradation.

     Develop  Technologies to  Manage Uncontrolled Waste Sites.  Environmental pro-
cesses work willbe expanded  on the cleanup  potentialof  in  situ biodegradation
techniques (biosystems)  related  to  contaminated   soils  and  groundwater.   The ex-
panded activity  in  this area is integrated  with  biosystems research  in the engi-
neering program  and is an integral  part of  the efforts  needed to bring these new,
less costly, cleanup technologies to the field for use in achieving permanent site
remediation as  required by  SARA.   New  activity  will  Include characterizing the
subsurface biological,  chemical, and physical  processes that  promote  in situ bio-
remediation; environmentally  enhancing  the  metabolic capabilities o?~indigenous
microorganisms for  biodegradation;  and genetically manipulating  microorganisms to
design microbial   strains  with novel  and enhanced  biodegradation characteristics.
Research will  also  focus  on the ecological  effects that might be associated with
these biodegradation  technologies.    Potential environmental   and health  effects
associated with genetically engineered organisms will  be evaluated.

     Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program and Regional Offices.  Tech-
nical ~"sl!p~pl:FFlnTTT>e~l>rl>^
face models, sampling  and  analytical techniques,  assessment  of contaminated marine
coastal areas, development  of exposure/risk  assessment  methodologies,  and  on the
application of bioassessment protocols  for determining  the  toxicity  of  spilled
materials.  Work on the bioassessment  protocol will be  expanded  with  applications
at actual Superfund sites  for  validation of the technique  under  rigorous, complex
waste situations.  These activities  are needed to support program  office activities
to prioritize sites on the basis of their risk.
                                      SF-21

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1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $3,077,900 supported by 7.0 total
workyears for this program, all of  which  is  from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.  Research  is  being  initiated  on the  cleanup  potential  of  j_n_ situ
biodegradation techniques  related  to  contaminated  soils  and  groundwater.   This
research is  closely  coordinated with the engineering  evaluations  of techniques to
prevent the migration of hazardous substances into groundwater, and will be instru-
mental  in determining whether biodegradation methods are potentially cost-effective
alternatives to soil  excavation or withdrawal and treatment of contaminated ground-
water.  Technical  support  is being provided to  Agency and State  staffs  for site-
and case-specific issues.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of $2,718,600  supported  by 12.5 total
workyears for this program,  all  of which  was from the  Hazardous  Substance Super-
fund appropriation.  During  1987, technical  support  was  provided  in  response to
specific requests  from the  Regions,  enforcement,  and the States  on  groundwater
sampling, analyses, data interpretation and site-specific modeling.  Plume movement
and biological  stabilization  of subsurface contaminants were  evaluated and uptake
of contaminants by fish was studied.


EXPLORATORY RESEARCH

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $7,550,000 and  1.0  total  workyear  for this
program, all  of  which  will  be for the  Hazardous Substances  Superfund appropria-
tion.  This  represents an increase  of $50,000 and 1.0 total  workyear.   The  in-
crease will   provide  a  project manager   for  the  University   Hazardous  Substances
Research Centers program.

     Conduct  Hazardous  Substances  Health  Effects/Risk   Assessment and Detection
Research.  Targeted  grants  in the  area   of  in  situ  treatment of  hazardous waste
and monitoring for Superfund  site assessments wi11 be  awarded.   In addition, tar-
geted grants in two  new areas of  research  relevant  to the Superfund  program will
be initiated.  Approximately seven new grants will be awarded in 1989.

     Manage  University  Hazardous  Substances  Research Centers.  Five competitive
Hazardous Substances Research Centers  will  continue  to   fund  research  into  and
training related to the manufacture, use, transportation,  disposal, and management
of hazardous  substances.   This  program  is  considered by the  Agency to be  an
important part of the overall multidisciplinary research program to address health,
environmental, and engineering  issues  associated with  hazardous  substances.  This
university based  program  will  allow  the  application  of academic  expertise  in
basic research to Superfund issues.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $7,500,000 supported  by  no work-
years for this  program, all   of  which  is from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  In 1988, a targeted grants program is funding research on hazardous
waste abatement and control.  The focus is on the  study of it± situ methods for the
decontamination of  groundwater and  development  of  rapid  analytical  methods  for
complex mixtures  of  hazardous  substances  at  Superfund  sites.    In  addition,  a
Hazardous Substances Research Centers program is being initiated.  Five competitive
centers are being  established to  fund  research and  training  on  the  manufacture,
use, transportation, disposal, and management of hazardous  substances.
                                       SF-22

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a total of $3,090,000  supported  by no workyears
for this program, all  of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropri-
ation.  In 1987, a targeted competitive  grants  research program was established to
fund applied  research  on  hazardous  substances  abatement  and  control  activities.
The initial  focus  was  on the  study  of in  situ methods  for decontamination  of
ground water and development of rapid analytical methods applicable to complex mix-
tures at Superfund sites.


TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND LIAISON

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $625,800 and 1.0 total  workyear for this pro-
gram, all   of  which will  be  for the  Hazardous   Substance  Superfund  appropriation.
This represents no change in dollars  or total workyears.

     Provide  Technology  Transfer.  This activity provides technology transfer and
training assistance on  issues relevant  to  the  Superfund  cleanup program  for the
program office, Regions, and States.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating a total   of $625,800  supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this  program, all  of which is  from the  Hazardous  Substances Super-
fund appropriation.  This  program  is  coordinating Office  of  Research and Develop-
ment technology transfer  activities,  and -delivering technological  information and
training to the  program office,  Regions, States  and  contractors  responsible for
cleanup activities.  This  activity enhances the effective, timely,  and efficient
planning of  permanent   solutions   in  Superfund  response  actions at uncontrolled
sites by providing relevant technology information for use on sites.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total of $856,600  supported by  0.5 total
workyears for this  program,  all  of which  was  from the  Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation.  This  program  developed  mechanisms  to coordinate ORD technol-
ogy transfer  activities,  and  delivered technological  information to  the  program
office, Regions, States and contractors responsible for cleanup activities.
                                      SF-23

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Hazardous Substance
  Response Actions

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
SUPERFUND

   HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE
       Hazardous Substance Response	  SF-25
          Hazardous Spill  & Site Response	  SF-26
       Hazardous Substance Response - Support	  SF-29
          Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water	  SF-31
          Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Air  and Radiation	SF-33
       Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency	  SF-34
          Department of Health & Human Services	  SF-38
          United States Coast Guard	  SF-39
          Department of Justice	  SF-40
          Federal Emergency Management Agency.	  SF-40
          National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration	  SF-41
          Department of the Interior	  SF-41
          Occupational Safety & Health Administration	  SF-42
                                      SF-24

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                                                                SUPERFUND
                                                       Hazardous Substance Response

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

                PROGRAM
                Hazardous Spill & Site
                Response
                 Hazardous Substance          $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1
                                        TOTAL $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1

                TOTAL:
                 Hazardous Substance          $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1

                Hazardous Substance     TOTAL $773,295.4 $805,927.1 $763,395.5 1135,690.3 1214,639.4 $78,949.1
                Response
CO
i
S            •    PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                 Hazardous Spill  4 Site             859.4     1,042.1     1,070.1.     988.3     1,090.7      1024
                 Response

                 TOTAL  PERMANENT  WORKYEARS          859.4     1,042.1     1,070.1       988.3     1,090.7      102.4
                 Hazardous Spill  & Site             940.0    1.042.1     1,070.1     1,042.1     1,090.7
Response	                      *•«•»«.*    i,u/u.i    1,0*2.1    1,090.7      48.6


                                                                                          48.6
                 TOTAL WORKYEARS                    940.0    1,042.1     1,070.1     1,042.1     1,090.7

-------
                                     SUPERFUND


           Hazardous Substance Response - Environmental  Protection Agency


Budget Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $1,214,639,400 supported by  1,090.7  total
workyears in 1989 for the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation,  an  increase
of $78,949,100 and  48.6  total  workyears  from  1988.   In addition, $100,000,000  in
prior  year  funds  will  provide  the  Agency with a  total  of  $1,314,639,400,  an
increase of $178,949,100 from 1988.  The  increase  reflects  the  continuing  emphasis
on remedial design  and  construction activities that  will   be  undertaken  to  meet
the activity  schedule mandated  by  the  Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA).  This level  insures funding for all sites  ready for remedial action  in
1989, and anticipates meeting statutory deadlines.

Program Description

     This program is  responsible  for protecting public health and the  environment
from the dangers associated with releases of hazardous  substances into the  environ-
ment by providing the necessary  funding  and support to undertake  short-term  emer-
gency responses and long-term  site cleanup.  The activities  include  responding  to
spills and emergency releases of hazardous  substances and conducting  remedial  work
at abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.

     Hazardous  Spill   and  Site  Response — The  Agency coordinates   an emergency
response program  to dealwith the  most serious  hazardous  substance   spills and
site emergencies where  the  responsible  party  or State  and local governments are
unable to respond adequately.  The Agency also conducts a comprehensive program  to
evaluate  all   known  hazardous  waste   sites,  establishes  priorities  for  remedial
response, and undertakes the  appropriate  remedy at as many  sites  as  possible when
responsible parties are  unwilling  or unable to respond. The Headquarters  Response
program  establishes  policy   framework, coordinates  the  setting of  priorities,
allocates resources, and provides  implementation  guidance.   The  Regions have lead
responsibility for conducting all preliminary  field work to identify  site  problems
and for managing  or working with  the  States on all phases  of  National  Priorities
List (NPL) site cleanup and emergency response actions.


HAZARDOUS SPILL AND SITE RESPONSE

1989 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $1,214,639,400 supported by  1,090.7  total
workyears for  the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.  In addition  to
the new authority, $100,000,000 in prior year  funds will provide the  Agency with a
total of $1,314,639,400, an increase of  $178,949,100 and 48.6 total workyears from
1988.  This  increase  supports  additional  design  and  construction  activity,  as
well  as   continuing   emphasis in  site  review and evaluation,  and  contract and
information management.

     Removal:   The  Agency  will  receive   and screen  hazardous  substance release
notifications  to  determine  what,  if  any,  response  is   required.   In  the vast
majority of cases,  the   responsible  party or  State or local government will  take
the lead  in  addressing  the problem.   In  situations where  more  than  one  State  is
involved or where  there is  an  unusually complex  problem,  the Federal  government
will coordinate and fund the  response.  EPA and the Coast  Guard  will  continue  to
                                       SF-26

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 maintain an emergency  response  capability, Including EPA's Environmental  Response
 Team (ERT), comprised  of  Agency employees with special engineering  and  scientific
 expertise.  This improves  the Agency's  ability  to provide timely engineering  and
 scientific advice to Federal, State, and local  officials during hazardous substance
 response actions,  resulting   in   reliable   and   cost-effective   solutions   to
 existing and potential  environmental threats.

      The Agency will continue to use the expanded removal  authorities for emergency
 actions.  The removal  program will  stabilize NPL  sites where  significant threats
 exist while  additional long-term  response  is  being   considered.   These  efforts
 enable the Agency to take  immediate action to protect  public  health  and the  envi-
 ronment without waiting for  the completion of a long-term analysis of the site or
 the results  of  more  detailed  site  assessments.   In  addition to  responding  to
 emergencies, removals will  be taken where  an  immediate response is  not critical,
 but some early response is  necessary  to protect public health  or  the environment.

      Remedial:  The  remedial  program  covers  all  work   including   initial   site
 screening and listing,  the  study,  design and construction  phases  of the  response
 action, and  post-cleanup   site   maintenance and  deletion.   Decisions  on  remedy
 selection for site  cleanup will  incorporate preference  for permanent  remedy, alter-
 native treatment technologies  and alternatives  to land  disposal, as mandated  by
 SARA.  Site-specific factors,  such  as  the  cooperation  of  responsible  parties,
 availability of State  resources, and  changes  in field conditions, couple  with  the
 Agency's mandated  remedy   selection  factors  to   influence  the  progress  of  the
 program.

      The Agency's priority will  be to  meet the mandated SARA schedules for remedial
 Investigation/feasibility  studies (RI/FS) and  remedial  actions (RA),  and  to support
 to completion cleanup actions started in  prior years.   In 1989, the Agency will  be
 starting 75 Fund-financed remedial  designs  (RD)  and  50  Fund-financed  remedial
 actions.  In  addition,  the  Agency  will  be  managing  a  growing  number of  sites
 started in  prior years   which   are  in  the  RD  and RA  phases of  site  cleanup.

      For sites on  the  NPL  ready to begin  planning  for  cleanup,  the Agency will
 start  70  Fund-financed   RI/FS.  This   will   maintain the Agency's  steady-state
 pipeline of new sites beginning  remedial  cleanup.

      The  pre-remedial   program   will   stress  Improving  the effectiveness of  site
 screening during early site  evaluation to  ensure  that the Agency's   responses  are
 focused on the most serious environmental  and  public  health threats.    Finally,  the
'Agency, in cooperation  with the  States,  will  conduct operations and  maintenance at
 sites where the  cleanup  is  complete,  resulting  1n  final  deletion  from  the NPL.

      The Agency  will issue  final  directives  on  the regulatory  guidance  for  the
 National Contingency Plan  (NCP), as  well  as  guidance  for streamlined decision-
 making, RI/FS, and  selection of remedy.   The Agency will  emphasize training  and
 technical  assistance to  aid  1n the  implementation  of  site  management  planning
 at priority sites.    This  will  help  identify  opportunities for early action   and
 improve the effectiveness  of the remedial  program.
                                                                                    »

 1988 Program

      In 1988,  the  Agency   is allocating  a total  of  $1,135,690,300  supported  by
 1,042.1 total   workyears   from the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.

      This is the first full  year  after enactment of  SARA.   The  majority of  the
 work 1s continuing  to  be  geared toward  implementing   SARA  provisions  and moving
 into the construction,  or  RA phase,  of remedial  projects.   The Agency  is  continuing
                                      SF-27

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several  Initiatives  started  in  1987  to  emphasize  active  State  and  Federal
coordination, including changes  to  the NCP.   In  an  effort to  strengthen  contract
management  resources,  the  Agency  is  beginning  to  implement   a   diversified
contracting strategy.

     The Agency  is  planning  emergency  responses  at  190 major  hazardous  substance
releases and  providing  on-scene  monitoring and  oversight  at  other  releases  of
hazardous substances.   In addition,  the  regulatory  and  guidance  framework  are
being completed  for the removal program, including use of  revised  removal  authori-
ties and  promulgation of  final  regulations  on  CERCLA  notification,  reportable
quantities, and the designation of additional hazardous substances.

     The Agency  is  focusing  its  remedial  efforts on  the  selection  of remedy  at
sites on the NPL and  beginning design and  construction at  sites where  planning has
been completed.   In  1988, the Agency  is  starting  78  Fund-financed  RDs and  49
Fund-financed RAs.   In  addition,   new   studies  are  starting  at  70  NPL  sites.

     The Agency  is  continuing  the  emphasis started  in 1987  to  develop  and utilize
new and innovative treatment technologies  in the  selection of remedy process.   The
cooperative effort  initiated  with  other  agencies   for  assessing  risks  to  human
health continues to be a priority.

     Regulatory guidance for the  NCP  is being proposed.  The Agency is developing
and implementing  procedures  to  identify  and characterize   sites  that  represent
the greatest environmental and public  health threats from hazardous wastes.   This
is enabling the  Agency to  focus  early on  during  the decision process  so  that  site
planning activities and available  resources  can  be directed  toward  those  priority
sites that have the most immediate need for cleanup.


1988 Explanation of Changes from the Enacted Level

     The net increase of  $371,457,800  results  from the inclusion of planned prior
year funds.


1987 Accomplishments

     The  Agency  obligated  a  total   of  $773,295,400  supported  by  940.0 total
workyears for  this  program from  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund  appropriation.
This was  a  year of  transition following  an  extended  period of program  slowdown.
The major objectives  were to regain program  momentum after the  slowdown period, to
implement SARA, and to initiate management improvements.  The Agency began work on
revising the NCP and  Hazard Ranking System (HRS)  to  incorporate SARA requirements.

     Even  with  the   difficulties  in   implementing   the   new  authorities   and
requirements in  SARA,  the  Agency accomplished  significant   levels   of removal
and  remedial  activities.  In  the  effort  to gear up,  emphasis was placed  on the
addition of sites to  the NPL and  on the collection and analysis of data to justify
remedial action and support the development  of treatment alternatives.  The Agency
conducted 4,001 preliminary assessments and 1,343 site investigations as  part of
the pre-remedial program.   The Agency began 66 new RI/FS,  56  RDs and 25 RA projects
at NPL  sites.   The  removal  program  conducted 227  removal   actions,  the  largest
number of removals  since  the program began  in 1980,  and monitored the removal  of
hazardous substances  carried  out  by  responsible   parties   or  State  and  local
authorities at 422 incidents.
                                      SF-28

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I
ro
VO"
                                                                 SUPERRJND
                                                   Hazardous  Substance  Response  -  Support


PROGRAM
Hazardous Substance
Response - OW
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Response - OAR
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL:
Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
ACTUAL BUDGET
1987 ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN

$1,803.9 $2.122.1
TOTAL $1.803.9 $2.122.1
$1.216.5 $1,963.4
TOTAL $1.216.5 $1,963.4
$3,020.4 $4.085.5.
TOTAL $3.020.4 $4,085.5
ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST !
1988 ESTIMATE 1989 1
1988 191
THOUSANDS)

$2,122.1 $2,113.2 $2,112.8
$2,122.1 $2,113.2 $2,112.8
$1,963.4 $1,840.6 $1,840.6
$1.963.4 $1.840.6 $1,840.6
$4.085.5 $3,953.8 $3,953.4
$4,085.5 $3,953.8 $3,953.4
INCREASE
)ECREASE
39 VS 198


-$.4
-$.4

-$.4
-$.4
                 Response - Support
                 PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                 Hazardous Substance
                 Response - OW

                 Hazardous Substance
                 Response - OAR

                 TOTAL  PERMANENT WORKYEARS
8.0
6.2
14.2
24.0
18.0
42. 0'
24.0
18.0
42.0
23.0
15.7
38.7
24.0
18.0
42.0
1.0
2.3
3.3

-------
OJ
o
                                                                  SUPERFUND
                                                   Hazardous  Substance Response - Support

                                                  ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                                   1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                                               1988                   1988               1989 VS 1988
                                                            (DOLLARS IN  THOUSANDS)


                  TOTAL WORKYEARS
                  Hazardous Substance                  9.5       24.0       24.0        24.0        24.0
                  Response - OM

                  Hazardous Substance                  7.5       18.0       18.0        18.0        18.0
                  Response - OAR
                                                                                       .1
                  TOTAL HORKYEARS                     17.0       42.0       42.0        42.0        42.0

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                                      SUPERFUND


                        Hazardous Substance Response - Support
 Budget Request
      The Agency  requests  a  total  of $3,953,400  supported'by 42.0 total  workyears
 for this program,  all  of  which 1s  for the  Hazardous  Substance Superfund  appro-
 priation.  This  represents  a $400 reduction  in  operating costs  and no  change  in
 total workyears from 1988.

 Program Description

      Hazardous Substance Response - Office of Water —  This   program  enables  the
 Office of Water  to  carry  out specific activities required by SARA.   These  activi-
 ties include:  (1)  assessing  the  type  of treatment  required for Superfund.wastes
' prior to their  discharge  into  publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs);  (2)  estab-
 lishing controls and/or conditions for  Superfund sites likely to have  a discharge
 to POTWs or surface waters;  (3) establishing protection of drinking water supplies;
 and (4)  establishing  drinking  water  criteria and  standards for Federal  response
 and enforcement actions.

      Hazardous  Substance  Response - Office  of  Air and Radiation — This  program
 enables the Office  of Air and  Radiation to  provide  technical  support for hazardous
 waste site  cleanup activities.  This  support  Includes  the  use of air  quality
 models and the  establishment of  temporary  air  monitoring networks  around  sites,
 where warranted.


 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF WATER

 1989 Program Request

      The Agency  requests  a  total  of $2,112,800  supported by 24.0 total  workyears
 for 1989, all of which will  be for the Hazardous  Substance Superfund  appropriation.
 This represents a decrease  of $400 due to  a  slight reduction in operating  costs.

      During 1989,  guidance  on  the  treatment of  Superfund wastes discharged  into
 POTWs will  be completed.  In 1989, the Agency will  continue  Its efforts  to  charac-
 terize wastewater from Superfund  sites.   The Compatibility Analysis begun 1n  1987
 will be updated, as three additional  sites  are  sampled and  analyzed to  expand the
 data  base  on   the  treatment  and   characteristics of wastewater.   In addition,
 analytical  methods  and QA/QC procedures  will be developed as  necessary.

      Regions will continue  to review disposal alternatives  and/or  coordinate  and
 develop discharge controls for  an expanded list  of  Superfund sites.   Additionally,
 they will participate in meetings  to  develop workplans for  each  National  Priority
 List (NPL)  site.   The  need for new  or revised  local limits will be analyzed  at
 approximately 50 facilities  identified  as  receiving  CERCLA  wastewaters.   Regions
 will continue to review  remedial  action  alternatives to  ensure that they address
 water quality considerations.   Compliance  with Imposed discharge conditions will  be
 assessed at locations  where Superfund  facilities discharge  Into  surface waters.

      The  Regions  will  continue  to  review response  actions  to  ensure  that
 applicable,  relevant and appropriate drinking water  standards are among  the  bench-
 marks that are applied.   Where Maximum Contaminant  Levels (MCLs)  or Maximum  Con-
 taminant  Level   Goals  (MCLGs)  have   not   been  established  for  a   particular
 contaminant,  the  Regions will  provide assistance with toxlcological  data.   Once  a
                                       SF-31

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site with a  contaminated water  supply  has been selected for Inclusion on the  NPL,
the Regions will participate in  reviewing Remedial  Investigations  (RI), Feasibility
Studies (FS), and  in preparing  Records  of  Decision  (ROD).  These  studies document
the  final   cleanup  actions  of contaminated  water  supplies  and  address   the
need to provide alternate water  supplies.

     The Regions,  together  with  the  States,  will  evaluate the  effectiveness  of
drinking water  remedial  actions and  will  provide   oversight  of  drinking water
regulations to  meet  requirements  under  the  Safe   Drinking   Water  Act   (SDUA).


1988 Program

   »  In 1988, the  Agency is allocating  a total  of  $2,113,200 supported  by  24.0
total workyears  for  this program,  all  of  which  is   from  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     During 1988, emphasis is being placed  on  preparing  guidance  for  the treatment
of Superfund wastes discharged  into POTWs.  EPA will  continue a limited collection
and analysis of technical information that characterizes wastewater from Superfund
sites.  The  Compatibility  Analysis  begun  in  1987   to  determine  potential   POTW
interference levels for  specific pollutants  in  wastewaters and  sludges  is being
updated with three additional  site studies.

     The  Regional   review  of   disposal  alternatives  and/or  coordination   and
development of  discharge  controls  is  being  increased as  cleanup activities  are
undertaken by EPA  for  an expanded  list of Superfund  sites.   Assistance is being
provided to  POTWs  for  developing  local  limits  and/or  other  control  mechanisms
where such facilities will  receive Superfund  wastewaters.   Evaluations are being
required  for   existing   discharges  to  ensure  that   such  wastewaters  are  in
compliance with imposed  discharge conditions.  ,

     The  Regions  are   reviewing  response   actions   to  ensure that applicable,
relevant and  appropriate drinking  water  standards   are  applied.   They  are  also
participating in the  review of RI/FSs  and  in preparing RODS  which  document  the
final cleanup actions  of contaminated  water  supplies,  particularly the  need  to
provide alternate  water  supplies.  Analytical  information is  being  provided  for
the feasibility  study  process  which  compares the  cost-effectiveness of remedial
alternatives.

     The Regions,  together  with  the  States,  are evaluating  the  effectiveness  of
drinking water  remedial  actions  and  are  providing   oversight  of  drinking water
regulations to meet requirements under SDWA.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a  total x>f $1,803,900  supported  by 9.5 total
workyears  for   this  program,   all   of which  was   from  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     In 1987, EPA  initiated limited  activities  to  collect and analyze technical
Information on the character and treatability  of wastewaters from  Superfund  sites.
EPA provided guidance on the necessary treatment of Superfund wastes prior to  their
discharge into  POTWs.  The  program identified sites with  potential .discharges  to
POTWs and  characterized  the  wastewater,  treatment  techniques, and  costs.   This
information was  used in  a  Compatibility  Analysis   to  determine  potential   POTW
interference levels  for  specific  pollutants  in  both  wastewaters  and  sludges.

     In 1987, the  Agency established  conditions/controls for Superfund facilities
that were likely to  discharge either  into a POTW or directly into  surface  waters.
Activities included  the  review  of  disposal  alternatives   and  the development  of
                                       SF-32

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case-specific discharge  controls where  discharge to  POTW/surface water was  the
selected proposal alternative.   In  addition, assistance  was provided to POTWs  in
developing local  limits  and/or  other  control  mechanisms  where  such  facilities
received Superfund wastewaters.

     Technical assistance was provided to State health officials  on drinking  water
concerns.  Assistance  was  given in  characterizing both  the relative health  risk
associated with  the  potential  contamination  of water  supplies  and  the need  for
remedial action.  Input  was also provided  to  the  feasibility  study of  remedial
alternatives.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE - OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $1,840,600  supported by 18.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which will  be  for  the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  This represents no change from FY 1988.

     In 1989 the program will  continue  to provide technical support  for hazardous
waste site  cleanup  activities.   This  support  Includes  the  use of air  quality
models to  determine  risks  posed by  air emissions  from cleanup activities,  and
establishment of temporary  air monitoring  networks around  sites where  warranted.
Review of potential  disposal techniques  and technology will   be  undertaken,  as  will
review of  remedial  action  plans prior  to   implementation.   The two  laboratories
operated by the Office of Radiation Programs will provide analysis of samples that
may be radioactive.


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is allocating a  total of $1,840,600  supported  by  18.0  total
workyears for this program,  all of which is  from the Hazardous  Substance Superfund
appropriation.

     In 1988 technical support,  including air quality modeling and monitoring,  is
being provided  for  cleanup  activities.   The radiation  laboratories  are providing
analysis of samples that may be radioactive.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  $1,216,500  for this  program supported by  7.5
total  workyears,   all  of  which   Is  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  The  program provided training  and development of technical  data
and guidance to  determine the  air and  radiation impacts and remedial  measures  for
Superfund sites.  The radiation laboratory provided sample analysis.
                                      SF-33

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                                                                     SUPERFUND
                                                    Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
                                                  ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                   1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                              1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                 PROGRAM
                                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
T
OJ
                 Interagency Superfund
                 Department of Health &
                 Human Services (ATSDR)
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Interagency Superfund
                  Department of Health &
                  Human Services (NIEHS)
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Interagency Superfund
                  United  States Coast
                  Guard
                   Hazardous Substance
                  Interagency Superfund
                  Department of  Justice
                   Hazardous Substance
                  Interagency Superfund
                  Federal  Emergency
                  Management Agency
                   Hazardous Substance
                  Interagency Superfund
                  FEMA-Relocatlon
                   Hazardous Substance
                                         TOTAL
$32,439.3
$32,439.3
                                         TOTAL
$50,000.0
$50,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
$43,000.0
           $18,915.0  $15,915.0  $15,915.0  $15,915.0
           $18,915.0  $15,915.0  $15,915.0  $15,915.0
                                         TOTAL
                                         TOTAL
$4,023
$4,023
$10,918
$10,918
.3
.3
.6
.6
$4
$4
$13
$13
,948.2
,948.2
,773.0
,773.0
$4
$4
$13
$13
,948.
,948.
,773.
,773.
2
2
0
0
$4,948.2
$4,948.2
$13,773.0
$13,773.0
$4
$4
$16
$16
,948.2
,948.2
,700.0
,700.0
$2
$2
,927.0
,927.0
                                          TOTAL
                                          TOTAL
   $667.5   $1,879.6   $1,879.6   $1,879.6   $1,879.6
   $667.5   $1,879.6   $1,879.6   $1,879.6   $1,879.6
   $506.2
   $506.2
                          $80.0
                          $80.0
                                   -$80.0
                                   -$80.0

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                                                                    SUPERFUND
                                                   Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
GO
-n
CO
in

Interagency Superfund
National Oceanic
& Atmospheric
Administration
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Interagency Superfund
Department of Interior
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
Interagency Superfund
Occupational Safety &
Health Administration
Hazardous Substance
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE
1989 DECREASE
1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

$1,819.9
$1,819.9


$687.0
$687.0



$281.3
$281.3

$2,280.1
$2,280.1


$1,253.5
$1,253.5



$1,008.2
$1,008.2

$2,280.1
$2,280.1


$1,253.5
$1,253.5



$1,008.2
$1,008.2

$2,280.1
$2,280.1


$1,253.5
$1.253.5



$1,008.2
$1.008.2

$2.280.1
$2,280.1


$1,253.5
$1,253.5



$1.008.2
$1,008.2
                 TOTAL:
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Response - Interagency
                  Hazardous Substance

                 Hazardous Substance
                 Response - Interagency
       $51,343.1  $94.057.6  $84.057.6  $84,137.6  $86,984.6  $2,847.0

TOTAL  $51.343.1  $94,057.6  $84,057.6  $84,137.6  $86,984.6  $2.847.0

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                                    SUPERFUND


                    Hazardous Substance Response - Interagency
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $86,984,600  for  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation   for  Interagency   activities  in  1989, an  increase  of
$2,847,000 from 1988.   The  increase will  be used to support  expanding  civil  liti-
gation casework.  The requested funding will finance the  on-going Superfund program
activities of  the  Department of  Health  and  Human  Services   (HHS),  the  United
States Coast Guard  (USCG),  the Department  of  Justice  (DOJ),  the National  Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration  (NOAA),  the  Department of  the  Interior  (DOI),  the
Federal Emergency Management  Agency (FEMA),  and the  Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA).  These agencies  and offices request workyears in  their  own
budget requests.

Program Description

     Executive Order  12580, signed by  the President in January  1987, requires  the
Agency to manage an interagency budget  process culminating  in  a consolidated budget
request for the entire Superfund program.   The activities of other Federal agencies
are divided into two  basic  categories.   The first category includes  those activi-
ties which are  episodic in  nature and  taken in direct  support of specific site or
spill response  actions.  The  second  category  of  other Federal  agency  involvement
is support  for on-going  activities  which  are generally  not  incident-specific.
These activities  are related to  each agency's  specific  area  of  expertise  and
include developing  program policies  and   guidance,  conducting  health  research,
training response personnel,  litigating civil  and  criminal  cases, and  providing
scientific and technical advice  to EPA on-scene  coordinators.  These actions  are
financed by the funds requested in this sinactivity.

     Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services   (HHS)  ~ The  Agency   for  Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)  was established under CERCLA and its health
authorities were  significantly  expanded  under SARA.  In  addition,  SARA mandated
Superfund responsibilities   to the  National   Institute  for  Environmental  Health
Sciences (NIEHS).   ATSDR has the authority  to  investigate complaints  of  illness or
disease related to exposure to hazardous substances, to conduct  health  studies  and
surveys, to develop  appropriate testing  for  exposed  individuals,  and to develop
and maintain information on the health effects of  toxic substances.  Under  SARA,
ATSDR must perform health assessments by December  11,  1988, at all  sites  that were
listed on the National Priority List  (NPL) as of October  17, 1986.

     ATSDR is mandated,  in  cooperation  with EPA, to identify and rank the first 100
most hazardous  substances  found  at Superfund  sites  and  to  produce by  October  17,
1988, a second list of  100  priority hazardous  substances.   A toxicological profile
must be produced for each of the identified substances.  The toxicological profiles
are to  be  developed at the rate of  at least  25  per year; the  first 25  were  due
by April 17. 1987.   Additional  and expanded activities mandated  by  SARA for ATSDR
are to:  (1) perform  health assessments when  petitioned by citizens;  (2)  conduct
studies and  ensure  that  research results  undergo peer  review;  (3)  assemble,
develop, and distribute health information  related to  hazardous substances;  and
(4) report to Congress on health-related  activities.  HHS   will   develop  policies
and  procedures  to   ensure  a  coordinated  Federal  approach  in conducting  these
activities.

     NIEHS administers  a  program  for   basic research, development,  and  training
to increase the  understanding of the relationships  between exposure to  hazardous
substances  and  human   health.   In  addition, NIEHS  manages  grants to  nonprofit
                                       SF-36

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organizations for  first response  and preparedness  training  for  workers  who  are
engaged in  activities  related to  hazardous  substance  removal  and containment  at
remedial or emergency response sites.  The basic research grants  span  the  areas  of
basic biomedical  studies  in epidemiology, biomedicine  and  human  health  exposure,
and integrated  non-biomedical  studies in engineering,  geosciences, and .analytical
chemistry.  Worker protection grants  provide  training to workers to prevent health
problems caused by exposure to hazardous substances.

     United States Coast Guard (USCG) — The  USCG  has  the  authority  under  CERCLA
as amended to respond to any release  or  threatened  release  of hazardous substances
involving the coastal zone,  Great Lakes  waters,  ports,  and  harbors.  USCG provides
training to maintain this  response capability, conducts  enforcement activities  as
necessary in  its  areas  of  responsibility,  and  maintains  the  National  Response
Center (NRC).

     Department of Justice (DOJ)  —  The Attorney  General  has  responsibility  to
conduct and control all  litigation arising under CERCLA as amended.   EPA  prepares
the required technical  and  legal  documentation and assists DOJ  in the  negotiation
of consent decrees  for  privately   financed response  actions.   Once DOJ  receives a
referral from EPA, DOJ  reviews the referral  package and files it  in court.   After
filing, DOJ goes through an  intensive process  for  trial  preparation,   it includes:
(1) completion  of  the  discovery  process; (2)  preparation and review of  the docu-
ments; (3) support of on-going negotiations;  and (4) work with expert  witnesses and
program staff.

     Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEHA) ~   FEMA  has  the  authority  under
CERCLA as amended to provide temporary and permanent relocation housing  for indi-
viduals whose health is  threatened, by hazardous substance  releases.   In  addition,
FEMA assists the  National  Response Team (NRT)  and Regional  Response  Teams  (RRTs)
in their preparedness activities  and  develops  training  courses  for State and local
officials in emergency management.

     National  Oceanic  and  Atmospheric  Administration (NOAA) — In  an effort  to
ensure that Fund-financed  response actions in coastal  and marine areas  are  con-
ducted in.full  compliance with CERCLA as amended,  the National  Contingency  Plan
(NCP) designates NOAA  as Federal  Trustee  of  these  resources.   In addition,  NOAA
provides resources for  the purchase, development,   and  field  testing of  state-of-
the-art sampling and analytical  equipment necessary for efficient and  safe  response
operations associated with  implementing  the  Superfund program.  NOAA  also manages
a computer-based communication and information system designed  to identify  likely
accident locations,  perform trajectory  analysis of  spilled  hazardous  materials,
assess potential human and  environmental  impacts of accidents,  and train  response
personnel via spill simulation.

     Department  of  the Interior  (DPI) — The  goals  of  the  Department  of  the
Interior's Superfund activities are to:   (1)  ensure that the Department maintains
a state  of  readiness  to support  EPA  and the  Coast Guard in  their response  modes;
(2) protect natural  resources from  the  effects of  hazardous substance  releases;
an^d (3)  assure  appropriate consideration  of  natural resource  concerns throughout
all phases of CERCLA implementation.   DOI  is  a participating  agency in  the NRT and
RRTs under  the  guidance  of  the   National  Contingency  Plan.   The  Department  is
explicitly directed to  act as a  trustee  for  natural  resources  under CERCLA,  by
Executive Order 12580,  and the National Contingency Plan.

     Occupational  Safety and Health Administration  (OSHA) —  OSHA  and  the  States
which operate OSHA-approved State plans are responsible for  ensuring that employees
at Superfund sites are provided safe and healthful  working conditions.   OSHA issues
occupational safety and  health  standards  and enforces  those standards through a
program of  on-site inspections  which are  conducted at OSHA's  initiative  or  in
response to  reports of imminent danger,   fatalities  and  catastrophes,  employee
                                      SF-37

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complaints or  referrals  from other  agencies.   OSHA also administers  training  and
technical  assistance  programs  to  encourage  and  assist   employers  to   comply
voluntarily with  the  requirements   of  the  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Act.


DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS)

1989 Program Request

     The  Agency   requests   a  total  of   $58.915,000  ($43,000,000 for ATSDR  and
$15,915,000 for  NIEHS)  for  the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation  for
this program.  This  request  represents  no  change from the 1988 level.  This level
provides support for ATSDR's  efforts 1n the areas of  scientific support, emergency
response, health studies, and In  the development of toxicology data bases.   ATSDR
will continue  to perform  site consultations  and health  assessments   at  NPL  and
non-NPL sites  and  In response  to  citizen  petitions.   ATSDR  will   provide  support
for the  maintenance  of  toxicology   data  bases  for  chemicals  generally found  at
Superfund sites  or  encountered 1n  emergency  situations,  and will  continue  to
prepare additional  toxicology profiles of hazardous  substances.

     NIEHS requests funds to  continue the university based basic research  program
and to  conduct  the training associated with  basic  research.   The  results  of this
research on  the  effects of  exposure to hazardous  substances may  help  to  resolve
technical and public health  problems faced at Superfund remedial  action and emer-
gency response sites.  In addition, NIEHS will  continue the worker  safety training
program to train workers who  are  at high  risk of disease and death from acute  and
significant low level exposure to hazardous substances.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency  is allocating a  total of  $58,915,000  ($43,000,000  for
ATSDR and $15,915,000 for  NIEHS)  from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund appropri-
ation to this program.   ATSDR is continuing Its support for mandated health assess-
ments, toxic substances lists, reporting requirements,  and grants  programs, and the
maintenance of health  support activities that  are  required to meet the increased
demands.  These   resources   are   enabling   ATSDR   to:  develop,  protocols   for
site-rspecific exposure registries; conduct birth defect studies at Superfund sites;
support the Headquarters and  field  core staff necessary to provide scientific  and
technical advice to  EPA on-scene  coordinators  as  they  assess the public  health
hazard at priority sites; and review environmental test results for5" indications of
human health hazard.   On  a  continuing  basis, ATSDR provides health-related field
guidance and laboratory support at emergency  response sites for worker protection.

     The NIEHS  basic  biomedical  research  and  training  program has  expanded  to
include important new studies in the  fields of engineering,  geology,  hydrogeology,
and ecology.   Each of  the new  Investigations  is  related to  an  improved  under-
standing of how  best to  handle abandoned or  uncontrolled hazardous substances  and
to better protect  human health  and the environment.   The  worker  safety  training
grant program trains over 15,000 laborers and other workers  who are  at high risk of
disease and  death  from  acute  and  significant  low  level  exposure   to hazardous
substances.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  $32,439,300  was  obligated  from the  Hazardous  Substance Superfund
appropriation by HHS.   These resources  enabled  ATSDR  to:    (1)  complete 165  NPL
health  assessments and establish  11  State  cooperative  agreements  to conduct health
assessments of  sites  within  their  borders;  (2)  prepare  25  toxicological  profiles
                                      SF-38

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in draft;  (3)  respond to  approximately  1,200 emergency  releases and  implement  a
contract to  train  emergency  medical  technicians in  health  issues  of  emergency
response; (4) conduct a  national  workshop on how to implement  a  national  exposure
registry; (5) prepare  a  comprehensive draft final  report  to  the Congress  on  the
nature and  extent  of  childhood  lead poisoning  in the  United  States;   (6)  gain
approval for an  ATSDR Board  of  Scientific  Counselors;  (7)  support the  National
Library  of  Medicine  enabling   an   increase  in the number of  substances  in  its
Hazardous Substances Data  Bank  (HSDB)  and strengthen  its peer  review of  the HSDB;
(8) support  toxicological  testing  of chemicals through  the  the National Toxicology
Program (NTP);  and  (9) implement  a National  Institute of Occupational   Safety  and
Health sponsored exposure  registry  of workers exposed  to carcinogenic  substances.

     NIEHS awarded grants  to  four  universities to provide support for  programs of
basic biomedical  research into the effects of hazardous substances to human health.
The approved projects include several studies designed to identify new and improved
methods to:  measure exposure  and its effects;  assess the risks  resulting  from
exposure; and reduce  the recognized early health effects.   This new program  will
combine basic research in  the  fields of  ecology,  engineering,  and geosciences into
a biomedical research program core.  The  core  is  designed to provide  a  broader and
more detailed body of  scientific  information which may  be used by State,  local  and
Federal  agencies,   private  organizations,  and  industry  in   the  management  of
hazardous substances.


UNITED STATES COAST GUARD (USCG)

1989 Program Request

     The  Agency   requests  a  total  of $4,948,200  for the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.   This  request represents no  change from the  1988  level.
These resources  will  allow the  Coast Guard to  continue to conduct removals  and
monitor non-Federally funded cleanup in  coastal  areas.  Resources will  be applied
to support:  the NRT  and RRT;  the development or improvement  of  chemical  response
equipment necessary for  safe  responses to Superfund  incidents; and the  development
and maintenance  of information services  for  program  management analysis and  the
necessary chemical  assessment data systems.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of  $4,948,200  from  the Hazardous
Substance Superfund  appropriation.   These  resources  are  for   the  maintenance  of
response requirements by the  USCG  in 1988.  The  USCG  is  continuing  to  develop  and
maintain information systems that  provide  data  for program  management,  train emer-
gency response personnel  using program modules and  simulation  drills,  and maintain
records of characteristics for certain chemicals.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987,  $4,023,300  was   obligated   from  the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation by USCG.  This funding was used to purchase safety equipment, conduct
response training  for USCG  personnel, upgrade  the  capabilities  of the  National
Response Center (NRC), and provide field  data  systems  to  support response programs
and minimize the possibility  of harm to personnel from exposure  to  hazardous sub-
stances.  USCG added personnel to the district offices to coordinate RRT activities
and enhance  Regional contingency  planning.   Personnel  were  also added  to  two out-
lying ports  in  an  effort  to  upgrade chemical spill  response   capability  in those
areas.
                                       SF-39

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Department of Justice (DOJ)

1989 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a   total   of  $16,700,000 for the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase of $2,927,000  for  increased
caseload and  automated  data  support for  complex cases.   This will  support  the
expanded Superfund caseload and the operation  of  a system which provides  automated
data support for complex cases.

     DOJ will increase its support to EPA  in  reviewing  negotiated  consent decrees,
de minimi's  "cashout" settlements,  enforcement  of  information requests,  and  an
expanded docket  of  access cases.   Civil  penalties  will be  imposed in  instances
where responsible parties  violate notification requirements  of CERCLA  as amended,
deny access  to  sites, destroy  records, violate  financial  responsibility  regula-
tions, or  violate administrative  and  judicial   settlement  agreements.   Criminal
cases will be  pursued and continued support  will  be  provided to EPA's  expanded
cost recovery efforts.   DOJ  will  also  defend the  Agency against citizen  suits,
pre-enforcement review  cases,   reimbursement   claims,   and   challenges   to   EPA
administrative  civil  penalty decisions.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of  $13,773,000 from  the  Hazardous
Substance Superfund  appropriation  for  this  program.   DOJ is  providing  civil  and
criminal enforcement  litigation  which  includes:   counseling   on  and  enforcing
administrative orders; giving  warrants  for entry; and instituting suits  to  compel
removal and  remedial  actions  and to recover  response costs incurred by  the Fund.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, $10,918,600 was  obligated  from the  Hazardous   Substance  Superfund
appropriation  by  DOJ.   These  resources  were   used  for  litigation  and   other
enforcement related  activities.   Key  accomplishments  included the  filing  of  16
referral/litigation, or Section  106,  cases and 35  cost recovery,  or Section  107,
cases.  In addition to the cases filed, DOJ supported 47 Section 106  and 87 Section
107 on-going  cases   filed  prior to  1987.   DOJ  also concluded three  Section  106
cases and 11 Section 107  cases  by consent  decrees and took three Section  107 cases
to trial.


FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT  AGENCY (FEMA)

1989 Program Request

     The Agency   requests  a   total   of  $1,879,600 for  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation for FEMA.  This request  represents no  change from the 1988
level.  These resources will  be used to enhance local, State,  and Federal  emergency
preparedness and administrative  support.   In  addition,  funding  levels will  support
the  revision   of   relocation  manuals,   provide  additional audio-visual  support
material for  distribution  at  the State and  local levels,  and develop  additional
curricula for hazardous materials training and team building to improve  specialized
response capabilities.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating a total  of   $1,879,600  from  the  Hazardous
Substance Superfund  appropriation.   In  addition, $80,000  is  being allocated  to
support relocation  activities.   FEMA will  apply these  resources  to continue  its
                                      SF-40

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relocation,  training,  and   emergency  preparedness  activities.  FEMA   is   also
continuing its support of the FEMA/DOT information exchange program,  furthering its
coordination efforts  with  public and  private organizations,  and maintaining  its
support for NRT initiatives.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, $1,173,700 was  obligated from  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund  by
FEMA, of which $506,200 was to  support temporary  and permanent  relocations.   These
resources were used  to:   (1)  support  FEMA's  development  of relocation  guidelines
and regulations;   (2)  provide management  oversight  for   temporary  and  permanent
relocations; (3)  provide  preparedness  guidance and  technical  assistance  to  State
and local governments; (4) establish the FEMA/DOT information exchange  system;  (5)
enhance coordination  of  hazardous  materials  issues  with the  public  and private
sector; (6)  provide  continued  support for NRT/RRT  initiatives;  and  (7)  support
the FEMA/EPA instructor exchange program.  FEMA  also developed knowledge,  skill,
and abilities (KSA)  standards for  instructors  and  continued  to deliver  existing
training systems  at the State and local level.


NATIONAL OCEANIC  AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION  (NOAA)   .

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total   of  $2,280,100  for  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation for NOAA.  This request represents no change from the 1988
level.  These resources will  allow NOAA to continue its  efforts to support:   (1)
Federal on-scene  coordinators' use of advanced information technology for emergency
information technology for responses; (2)  coastal  resource coordination  and hazard-
ous waste remedial  support activities  that ensure full compliance with  CERCLA;  and
(3)  RRT  contingency  planning  efforts  and  other activities   related   to NOAA
responsibilities.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  $2,280,100  from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation  for  NOAA.   These  resources  are  supporting  efforts  to
implement alternative  technologies  and meet  State  standards that  will result  in
permanent remedies.   NOAA  is  continuing to  provide  scientific  support,  coastal
resource coordination, and hazardous waste removal  and  remedial  support  service.
In addition,  NOAA  is assisting  State  and  local   entities  in   the    areas   of
contingency planning, community relations,  communications, preparedness  evaluation,
and training.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  $1,819,900  was obligated  from the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation by  NOAA..  These  resources  were used  to  provide  training  for  the
scientific  response   team,  to  purchase  and  maintain   protective equipment for
personnel, and to maintain field instrumentation.


DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (DPI)

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total   of  $1,253,500  for  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation for DOI.  This request represents no change from  the 1988
level.  These resources  will  be applied to  response  preparedness and  management
                                     SF-41

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for the NRT and RRTs.   Resources  will  also be used to provide technical  assistance
to State and Federal natural  resources trustees and to facilitate the enforcement
activities of the EPA and the Department of Justice.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency 1s  allocating a  total  of $1,253,500  for the  Hazardous
Substance Superfund appropriation for DOI.  DOI is utilizing these funds  to support
its participation  in:    NRT/RRT  preparedness  and  training  activities,   response
planning, and  response  action  implementation.   Further,  DOI  1s  continuing  its
efforts to provide technical  assistance and review for natural resources damages.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987,   $687,000  was   obligated   from the Hazardous  Substance   Superfund
appropriation  by  DOI.  These  resources  enabled  DOI  to participate   in NRT/RRT
preparedness and training activities and  to initiate  its involvement in  State  and
local  emergency  preparedness  and  technical  assistance   to  natural   resources
trustees.


OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)

1989 Program Request

     The  Agency  requests  a  total   of  $1,008,200  for  the  Hazardous Substance
Superfund appropriation for OSHA.  This request represents no change from the 1988
level.  The resources  will  allow  OSHA to continue  a Federal  inspection  program of
Superfund  sites,  to   support  the  preparedness   and training  activities of the
National and Regional Response Teams and to deliver OSHA's hazardous waste training
course.  Funds   will   also  provide  support  for   laboratory  analyses  of  samples
collected for OSHA's Superfund inspection program  and  for State inspection efforts.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating a  total  of $1,008,200 from the Hazardous
Substances Superfund  appropriation.    The  funding  is  being  used   for  a  Federal
inspection program of Superfund sites and to support the activities of the National
and Regional Response  Teams.  These  funds also are being  used.for  hazardous waste
training, laboratory analyses,  and  on-site technical  assistance  at  the  request of
EPA or another lead agency.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  $281,300  was  obligated  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation by OSHA.   The funds were used to train OSHA inspectors,  initiate a
special inspection program  for  Superfund  sites,   provide technical   assistance to
EPA, provide support  for  the  activities  of  the  National  and  Regional  Response
Teams, and develop a required worker protection standard.
                                       SF-42

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Enforcement

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
SUPERFUND

   ENFORCEMENT
       Hazardous Substance Response - Enforcement	  SF-44
          Hazardous Substance Technical  Support - Office
            of Enforcement & Compliance  Monitoring	  SF-48
          Hazardous Substance Technical  Enforcement	  SF-49
          Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement	  SF-51
          Hazardous Substance Criminal  Investigations	  SF-53
                                      SF-43

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                                                SUPERFUND
                                 Hazardous  Substance  Response-Enforcement
                                 ACTUAL
                                  1987
                    BUDGET
                   ESTIMATE
                     1988
            ENACTED
              1988
            CURRENT
           ESTIMATE
             1988
            REQUEST   INCREASE +
             1989     DECREASE -
                    1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring
 Hazardous Substance
                        TOTAL
        $7,926.9
        $7,926.9
$8,864.0
$8,864.0
$8,864.0
$8,864.0
$8,739.0
$8,739.0
$8,739.0
$8,739.0
Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement
 Hazardous Substance           $82,948.5  $96,114.3  $98,115.8  $97,448.2 $107,346.3  $9,898.1
                        TOTAL  $82,948.5  $96,114.3  $98,115.8  $97,448.2 $107,346.3  $9,898.1
Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement
 Hazardous Substance
        $8,849.5  $14,477.8  $14,477.8  $13,479.0  $13,858.9    $379.9
TOTAL   $8,849.5  $14,477.8  $14,477.8  $13,479.0  $13,858.9    $379.9
Hazardous  Substance
Criminal Investigations
 Hazardous Substance
          $629.5   $1,467.9   $1,467.9   $1,592.9   $1,592.9
TOTAL     $629.5   $1,467.9   $1,467.9   $1,592.9   $1,592.9
TOTAL:
  Hazardous  Substance

Hazardous Substance
Response-Enforcement
      $100,354.4 $120,924.0 $122,925.5 $121,259.1 $131,537.1 $10,278.0

TOTAL $100,354.4 $120,924.0 $122,925.5 $121,259.1 $131,537.1 $10,278.0

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                                                                 SUPERFUND
                                                  Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement

PERMANENT WORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988

REQUEST
1989

INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198

to
TI

4*
in
Hazardous Substance
Technical Support -
Office of Enforcement
And Compliance
Monitoring

Hazardous Substance
Technical Enforcement

Hazardous Substance
Legal Enforcement

Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations

TOTAL PERMANENT HORKYEARS
                                                      31.1
                                                       8.9
 45.5
                                                     489.3      653.0
                                                     162.2      262.5
 17.3
                                                     691.5      978.3
 45.5
           262.5
 17.3
           990.5
 45.5
 17.3
 45.5
           665.2      613.9      701.4      87.5
           246.1      262.5
 17.3
                      16.4
           922.8    1.026.7     103.9
                  TOTAL WORKYEARS
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Technical Support -
                  Office of Enforcement
                  And Compliance
                  Monitoring

                  Hazardous Substance
                  Technical Enforcement

                  Hazardous Substance
                  Legal  Enforcement
                                     34.5
                                    529.7
                                    191.2
 45.5
653.0
262.5
 45.5
665.2
262.5
 45.5
650.2
262.5
 45.5
701.4
262.5
51.2

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                                                                    SUPERFUND

                                                     Hazardous Substance Response-Enforcement


Hazardous Substance
Criminal Investigations
TOTAL HORKYEARS
ACTUAL
1987

9.1
764.5
BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
(DOLLARS IN
17.3
978.3
ENACTED
1988
THOUSANDS)
17.3
990.5
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988

17.3
975.5
REQUEST
1989

17.3
1,026.7
INCREASE
DECREASE
1989 VS 198


51.2
 CO
 -n

'4k
 a\

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                                     SUPERFUND


                     Hazardous Subs'tance Response - Enforcement
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests  a  total  of $131,537,100  supported  by  1,026.7 total
workyears for 1989  for the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund appropriation  for techni-
cal, administrative, and legal enforcement activities.  This represents  an Increase
of  $10,278,000  and  51.2 workyears   from  1988.   The  Increase  reflects expanded
efforts to  secure  responsible party  (RP)  site cleanup  and to pursue  recovery  of
Federal and State costs from RPs.

Program Description

     The Comprehensive  Environmental   Response,  Compensation,  and  Liability  Act
(CERCLA) of  1980,  as amended by  the  Superfund Amendments and  Reauthorlzation  Act
(SARA) of 1986,  was enacted  in  response to  the  threat  to  public health  and  the
environment posed by uncontrolled hazardous  substances releases.   Enforcement is a
major EPA activity under Superfund designed to obtain maximum cleanup action by  the
polluters responsible for the environmental  damage  caused by them.

     The complex activities involved 1n the Superfund enforcement program require a
close working  relationship  between  Agency  legal   and  technical  operations,  the
Department of Justice  (DOJ), and other  Agency offices.   Within this  framework,
legal and technical  enforcement  Information is  developed  about  a  site and  Its
potentially responsible  parties.   Based  on  this  information  and in  consultation
with State and program  staffs,  a Fund-financed or RP-flnanced study is  conducted
to determine  a  remedy  consistent  with  the  National  Contingency  Plan  (NCP).

     Through negotiations, RPs  are  given the  opportunity to design  and  construct
the remedy necessary to  alleviate the identified threat.   If  negotiations  are  not
successful, the remedial  action  proceeds  using Trust Fund resources, and a future
cost recovery action 1s  initiated against the RPs.   Alternatively,  litigation  may
be initiated to  compel  an RP  response.   Agreements  by RPs to undertake response
actions are ratified in the form of CERCLA Section  104/106 administrative orders on
consent for remedial investigation/feasibility  studies (RI/FS)  and removal actions
or consent  decrees   for  remedial response  actions  (RA).   In  the  event of  non-
compliance with the  terms  of an order or decree, civil  action  is taken to enforce
the order or decree.

     Hazardous  Substance  Technical Support - Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Monitoring — Thfsprogramsupportsthe  SuperfundactivitiesoTthe National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC).  The  NEIC provides specialized technical
support for civil and criminal  litigation development in nationally managed cases,
cases having  precedent-setting  Implications,  cases  with multl-Regional  impacts,
and cases which are extremely complex or Involve unique technological requirements.
Specialized support  includes field  investigations,  laboratory analysis of  high
hazard samples, and preparation of technical  testimony.

     Hazardous Substance Technical Enforcement — This program  develops  technical
documentation for  Superfund  enforcement  actions.   Activities  include  Identifying
RPs and providing technical  support for all  stages of the  negotiation  and settle-
ment process, as well as litigative action conducted by DOJ.  Once the RP agrees to
conduct site cleanup, the program is also responsible  for  the oversight to assure
compliance with the  settlement.   If the  RP  will  not  conduct  the  response action,
the program  will  initiate  cost  recovery  as Fund-financed  activities  proceed.
Technical support is also  provided  for State-lead  enforcement  actions  and Federal
facility response.
                                       SF-47

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     Hazardous Substance Legal Enforcement — This program provides the legal  staff
for Superfund enforcement.  The program conducts  Federal  enforcement actions  under
SARA including:   judicial  enforcement activities  during negotiations,  settlement
referral and  litigation,  Federal  cost  recovery  actions,  and  assistance  to  the
States in the development of  enforcement and cost recovery actions  in conjunction
with Federal enforcement.

     Hazardous  Substance  Criminal  Investigations — The  basic  goal  of   this
program^which  is  underthe direction  of  the NEIC, is  to  initiate  and  conduct
criminal investigations under SARA.   The  Criminal  Investigations program takes the
lead in  oversight  of  implementation  of  criminal  enforcement  policy  for  SARA,
participation in  prosecution  of  criminal  cases with  national  or precedent-setting
significance, development of  training programs, and development  of  criminal  cases
for Agency personnel.


HAZARDOUS  SUBSTANCE  TECHNICAL  SUPPORT - OFFICE  OF  ENFORCEMENT  AND  COMPLIANCE
MONITORING

1_9_89 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $8,739,000 supported by 45.5 total  workyears
for this  program, all  of  which  will  be for  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  The  request represents  no change  in dollars  or total  workyears
from 1988.

     In 1989  NEIC will  continue  to  provide  its  full  range  of support  services
in response to the new demands of SARA.  Areas of continuing emphasis will  include:

     Responsible Party Searches —  An increased emphasis on negotiations will make
early, comprehensive  searches  much more  important.   NEIC provides  support to the
Regions in  automated data  base  analysis  of  corporate  histories  and  ownership.

     Nonbinding Preliminary Allocations of Responsibility  and  De  Minimis Settle-
ments — These  twoareaswilluseNEIC s unique  information retrieval  systems
and technical analysis  skills to assess the character of hazardous  wastes involved
in the allocation process and to  support complex  settlements  involving jte  minimis
parties.

     Section  106  and  107  Judicial  Actions — NEIC  will  continue  to  provide
analytical expertise  in developing  judicial  cases  and  supporting  their  complex
expert testimony  needs  through  to  completion.  Evidence  audit  support  will  be
provided to  assure  the  accuracy of  site records, as  the  number of actions  being
prepared for litigation for remedy or cost recovery increases.

     Criminal Referrals under Section 103 and Negotiation for  Cleanup  at  Federal
FacilTty Sites — These areas will  experience continued emphasis as a result of the
significant increase  in criminal enforcement  authorities and explicit  emphasis  on
Federal facilities in the reauthorized statute.

     This program will  also continue  to conduct field investigations in support of
case development, provide laboratory  analysis including groundwater  sample analy-
sis, provide  technical  testimony,  negotiate   technical  aspects  of  key  consent
decrees, ensure evidence  audit quality control, and provide  for the safe disposal
of hazardous waste material  gathered during criminal  investigations.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a total  of  $8,739,000 supported by 45.5
total workyears  for  this  program,  all  of which is  from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.
                                      SF-48

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     As a  result of  reauthorlzation,  the  technical   support  program  at NEIC  1s
responding to  a   growing  demand  for  services.   This  1s  due  primarily  to  three
factors: growth  In  the size  of the National  Priority List (NPL) which  Increases
demand  for  the  special   environmental   monitoring  work,  growth  1n  levels  of
enforcement-related activities,  and the  Introduction  of  several  new  areas  of
responsibility.  These areas  Include work related  to  nonblndlng  preliminary allo-
cations of  responsibility,  de minimis  settlements,  and  Federal  facility sites.
In addition, laboratory and  technical  support work due to  changes  1n  the criminal
provisions of  the  statute  will  see expanded activity.   Evidence audit  control
processes are  being continued  to ensure that proper  chain-of-custody  procedures
are followed.

     In areas of  special  sensitivity,  such  as criminal case management  or Federal
facility enforcement, NEIC 1s  able  to provide  high  caliber staff  expertise without
the risk of conflict  of  interest which might  be  inherent  in the  use of  contractor
staff.  NEIC also protects the Agency's  interests by continuing  to audit contract
laboratories.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total   of $7,926,900  supported by  34.5 total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.

     In  1987,  NEIC  supported  new  and  on-going  civil   and  criminal   judicial
enforcement actions, handled requests for computerized  information  system searches
for data  relating  to responsible  parties and  sites,  conducted  quality  assurance
inspections at contract  laboratories,  and participated  in several major environ-
mental assessment projects such as providing significant support to the Groundwater
Monitoring Task Force.  In addition, NEIC continues to provide extensive technical
assistance to EPA  and State  laboratories  in the following areas:  analytical  .pro-
cedures; preparation and  handling  of  high  hazard  samples; disposal   of  hazardous
laboratory wastes;  shipping  and  safety  procedures;   protection  and  restoration
plans; site investigations and safety procedures.

     NEIC also continued its in-depth studies of chemical  hazards to laboratory and
field personnel  engaged in hazardous waste investigations.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE TECHNICAL ENFORCEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $107,346,300 supported by 701.4 total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation.  This  reflects  an  increase  of  $9,898,100  and  51.2 total   workyears  to
compel and  oversee  RP response at  sites  and to initiate  cost recovery  actions  in
major cases.

     The Technical  Enforcement effort  in  1989 will focus  on managing  an expanding
remedial enforcement pipeline  of sites  already underway,  while also  assuring that
responsible parties begin work at previously  unaddressed sites.   A large  number  of
sites currently under study are expected to reach the final cleanup stages by 1989.
The program anticipates providing oversight of 70  new  remedial designs  and 35 new
remedial actions conducted by  responsible parties.  This  represents an increase  of
16 remedial designs and 16 remedial action starts above the 1988 level.  The Agency
will oversee these, as well  as other remedial  and  removal  actions, to ensure that
responsible parties  complete  the  cleanup  as  agreed  upon  1n  the  settlement.
                                        SF-49

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     The program  will   encourage   settlements  with   responsible  parties  through
the use  of jte  minimi's  and  mixed  funding  settlements.   Where  settlement  is  not
achieved, the program will swiftly pursue litigation in referring cases to DOJ.   In
1989, the  Agency  expects  to refer  91  settlement and  litigation   cases to  DOJ.

     A key  component  of the  Technical  Enforcement program  will  be an  aggressive
cost recovery effort.   The Agency will  pursue  an estimated  56  new cost recovery
actions at sites where Fund-financed cleanup has occurred.

     The Enforcement program  will  finalize  guidance  implementing the revised  NCP
based on a  review of  the effectiveness  of interim SARA  policies  and other  SARA
requirements.  Included will  be  revised guidance on the administrative  record,  RP
enforcement and oversight, the settlement policy, special  notice, and mixed  funding
and de minimi's settlements.  Major cost recovery improvements will  include updating
the current manual and developing arbitration procedures.

     The Agency. will  provide • support  to  States  to assist  them with  enforcement
actions at NPL  sites and to ensure that subsequent site deletion is  in  accordance
with the NCP.  Technical assistance grants will  allow communities to analyze recom-
mended remedies.  Maintenance of the  administrative  record will demonstrate  that
the NCP has been adhered to in the selection of the remedy.

     Technical assistance  will   be  provided  to  other Federal  agencies  that  are
addressing uncontrolled hazardous wastes at their  own  facilities.   EPA,  in  accord-
ance with CERCLA and SARA  mandates, will  concur with or select the  site remedy and
will negotiate  an  agreement  with  the  agencies  to implement  the  remedy.  To  the
extent possible, EPA will seek reimbursement for expenses at these sites.

     CERCLA  enforcement  authorities   will   also be used  to  ensure  that   owners
and operators will conduct pre-remedial and planning  activities at selected  envi-
ronmentally  significant  closed  or  closing hazardous waste storage and treatment
facilities.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating a total  of $97,448,200 supported by  650.2
total workyears, all  of  which is from  the  Hazardous Substance Superfund appropri-
ation, to  secure  and oversee responsible  party  cleanup action  at NPL  and  other
priority sites and to pursue cost recovery actions.

     The program  is  using 1988  resources  to  select  remedies at  sites  currently
under study and to encourage responsible parties to take  over the  cleanup  effort.
Procedures for maintaining the administrative  record are being developed to ensure
that the remedy selected at these sites  is consistent with the NCP.   The  program
is selecting site remedies for the  57  RP-financed studies  estimated for completion
in 1988.

     Once remedies have  been selected,  negotiations  will  occur.   De minimis  and
mixed funding settlements  are  an  integral  piece  of  negotiations "with  RPs.   In
cases where  a  settlement  is  not reached,  the  Agency  is  pursuing  litigation.   An
estimated 85 settlement and litigation cases are being referred to DOJ.

     In addition to selecting site  remedies and negotiating with RPs,  the  program
is assuring that  RPs  comply with agreed  upon cleanup activities at sites  where a
settlement has been reached and work is underway.  In 1988, the program is planning
to oversee 54 remedial  designs and 19 remedial actions.

     Where  Fund-financed   action   has   proceeded,   the   program   is  pursuing
administrative or judicial  cost recovery  actions.   The Enforcement  program  plans
to refer approximately 51 Judicial  actions to DOJ.
                                        SF-50

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     The  first  Federal   Facility  Docket  Is   being  finalized.  The  Agency  1s
overseeing an estimated 25 studies to determine  site  remediation.   EPA must  concur
on the  other agencies selection  of  remedy.  In addition, enforcement efforts  are
expanding In the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and CERCLA Interface
area with emphasis  on RCRA  land  ban regulations,  closures,  and  other applicable
regulations.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated $82,948,500 and used 529.7 total  workyears,  all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.

     Major efforts were Initiated to Implement the provisions of SARA.   The program
reviewed and modified  existing policies  to Improve  oversight  of and settlements
with RPs.  The Agency  conducted oversight of 40  RP cleanup studies, 5 RP remedial
designs and  6 RP remedial  actions.   In  addition, the  program  assured that 33 nego-
tiated removal actions conducted  by  RPs  met Agency  standards.   The  program  also
conducted negotiations and referred  11  cases to DOJ  for  settlement  or litigation.

     The Federal  Facility Task Force  was  Initiated to develop policy and Implement
procedures for Section 120 provisions of  SARA.   The  Task  Force  also provided  sup-
port to  the  Regions as  they developed complex  and  precedent-setting Interagency
agreements.

     The Agency expanded cost  recovery  e.fforts  by referring  24  cases  to DOJ.   The
total value  of  cost recovery  activities  reached $51,000,000  by the end  of 1987.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE LEGAL ENFORCEMENT

1939 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $13,858,900  supported by 262.5 total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of which  will  be  for  the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  This  represents   an  Increase of  $379,900 and  no  change  in total
workyears from 1988.  The Increase supports additional operating costs.

     Superfund  legal  enforcement  work  will  continue  to  fall   Into  two major
categories:   actions to  secure privately-financed site  cleanup and cost recovery
actions  to  recoup   Fund   dollars  actually  expended   in  Fund-financed cleanup.
Enforcement actions  to secure  privately-financed  cleanup allow Fund  resources  to
be focused  on  orphaned  sites  or sites  with  insolvent responsible parties where
use of  the  Fund presents  the  only  available response  option.   Recovery actions
return monies to  the  Fund  and permit  the Agency to address a  larger  number  of
sites.

     Headquarters staff will  continue to serve 1n two capacities.  The first is the
development of policy  and  guidance materials.  Implementation of  the  broader  SARA
enforcement provisions will  continue  to require  development  of policy  and guidance
for new issues.  In  addition,  early  policies which were,  of  necessity, general  1n
nature, will need  major revisions based  on case-specific applications.   Finally,
revised guidance will  often be  necessary  to incorporate lessons  learned  during
management reviews of  overall program performance.

     The second  Headquarters role  is  that of  litigation support.   Although  the
trend in  CERCLA will  be  to  decrease  Headquarters  participation in litigation
management, this objective  will   be  counter-balanced  by the  anticipated  growth  in
the number  of  precedent-setting  actions  expected to  be  ready  for  prosecution  in
1989.  Two  important criteria  for Headquarters  Involvement  will  be  the  need  for
                                        SF-51

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special  subject-matter  expertise  and   the   express  request  of   the   Regions.
Headquarters staff  will  also  provide  a  focal   point  for exchange of  ideas and
strategies useful  for particularly complex  cases  or in  cas'es where  responsible
parties, are particularly recalcitrant.  Headquarters will,  in  some  cases, take the
lead in enforcement actions, particularly in case development  for Section 106  con-
sent decrees  and   in  such   relatively  new areas  as  de minimi's  settlements and
administrative cost recovery.

     The emphasis of  SARA on negotiation  with  responsible parties and on  mandatory
schedules will  continue to  have  significant   Impact  on  the  Involvement  of  the
Regional  legal enforcement In  the  response  to  new waste  sites.  In  addition,  SARA
substantially broadened the mandate for public  participation in the  cleanup process
and introduced  several   new  enforcement  remedies  that  required an expansion  in
Regional  legal enforcement  work in 1988.   Areas  of intense  Regional  legal  effort
required or emphasized  by the  SARA legislation continue  to  Include  the following:

     o  Administrative  Records  must  be  able  to  withstand  court  scrutiny  In
        determinations regarding responsibility to  conduct  remedial  action  and/or
        respond to cost recovery claims.

     o  Nonbinding Preliminary Allocations of Responsibility  require active  legal
        enforcement support,  particularly in the  allocation phase,   1f  they  are to
        be useful in subsequent negotiations.

     o  De Minimis Settlements   require legal  Involvement  to Insure that they  are
        appropriately handled with respect to subsequent negotiations.

     o  Consent Decrees  are  now  required  to  codify   successful   completion  of
        negotiations with  Responsible Parties to   conduct remedial  designs  and
        remedial  actions.

     o  Use of Administrative or Civil "Judicial Remedies  for  ReportabTe   Quantity
        Violations willresultTnlegalenforcement activityinanareawhere
        formerly only criminal  remedies were available.

     o  Federal  facilities will demand substantial  legal  enforcement participation
        to ensure that agreements are properly  negotiated and implemented.

     Because of the preeminence of negotiation, legal enforcement will  continue to
be involved much earlier  in  the enforcement decision-making process  than was  true
prior to the enactment  of SARA.   Substantial  emphasis will  also be  placed  on  cost
recovery actions.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  1s  allocating a total of  $13,479,000 supported by  262.5
total work years  for  this program, all  of  which  Is  from the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     Legal work  is continuing  on  a number of landmark CERCLA  cases  in California,
New York,  Missouri,   and  Massachusetts.   Early  legal  Involvement   in  enforcement
actions is  Important  to achieve maximum environmental benefits.  This Involvement
assists in the cost identification of intermediate steps in the enforcement process
to achieve progress  in  cleanup actions.  In 1988,  a large proportion  of Regional
legal resources  are   being   utilized  1n   preliminary enforcement activity  and  1n
administrative enforcement.   This shift of legal  staff  attention to earlier  stages
in the enforcement  process  should prove  cost-effective  by  reducing the need  for
protracted  judicial    litigation.   Civil   judicial  referrals  are   used  primarily
against  responsible  parties  who  are  potentially  liable  for cleanup   of  very
significant sites and for major cost recovery actions.
                                        SF-52

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     Headquarters support for judicial  enforcement  shows an upswing as  the  Agency
establishes precedents with  new types  of  enforcement activity such as  ^e minimis
settlements, consent  decrees codifying  negotiations  with  responsible  parties  to
undertake site response  activities,  civil  remedies for  reportable  quantity  viola-
tions, and  nonbinding preliminary  allocations  of  responsibility.   Headquarters
continues to provide active  support to major on-going litigation for both  remedial
action and cost recovery.


1987 Accomplishment

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated $8,849,500  supported by 191.2  total  workyears
for  this  program,  all   of  which  was  from  the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation.

     In 1987, Headquarters  staff provided  significant support to  negotiations  and
trial preparation  for cases  such as  Stringfellow,  Love  Canal,  and  the  Missouri
dioxin sites.  The  settlement  of  the  dloxin  case  against the  Charter Company
involved recovery of $5,000,000 in response costs,  a major success.

     During  1987,  Headquarters  developed  guidance  for  new   SARA   provisions,
including de  m1n1mis settlements,  access  to sites,  and  arbitration  regulations.
These guidances will improve the SARA implementation process and  ensure consistency
in Federal  Superfund enforcement actions.   In  addition  to on-site consultation,
technical assistance  efforts  included  development  of  an  automated  model   for
calculation of  Interest  payable  by  defendants 1n  cost  recovery  cases  and  the
establishment of an automated, key word, full text library  of model  CERCLA consent
decrees.

     A task force  begun  1n  conjunction with DOJ with the  goal of  streamlining  and
smoothing the civil  and  judicial  enforcement process made  substantial  progress  on
settlement procedures.   Regional  work continued on landmark CERCLA  cases, such  as
the New Bedford Harbor and Environmental Conservation and  Chemical  cases.   Signif-
icant legal  support was  devoted to preliminary  enforcement activity  and  adminis-
trative enforcement.   Civil   judicial  referrals and  follow  through  continued  to
demand significant  Regional  legal  support.  Emphasis was  placed  on cost  recovery
actions.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total of  $1,592,900  supported by 17.3  total  workyears
for this  program,   all  of  which will  be   for  the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  This  represents  no  change  in dollars  or  total  workyears from 1988.

     The reauthorization  contains a  number  of   significant provisions  which  will
improve the  effectiveness  of  the  Agency's criminal  enforcement  program.   For
instance, existing criminal   sanctions for the failure to report releases of hazard-
ous substances, the destruction of records, and  the submission of false information
in a  claim have  been raised  from the  misdemeanor to  felony level  and are  now
punishable by  a   maximum of three  years   imprisonment.   As  a  result,  criminal
enforcement activity  under  SARA is  expected to continue  at the  increased  levels
experienced in 1988.  Major  increases in the number of  sites  on the NPL will  also
contribute to an  increase in  criminal  caseload, particularly   in  the  area   of
destruction  of  records  and  submitting    false information.  Criminal  cases  are
also expected to be more complex.
                                       "SF-53

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1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a total  of $1,592,900  supported by  17.3
total workyears  for  this program,  all  of which is from  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.

     In 1988, criminal  investigative  activity  is responding to an  increase  in the
volume and complexity of Superfund-related issues.   With an aggressive use  of the
more severe  SARA sanctions,  the regulated  community  is  expected  to become  more
aware of the penalties associated with the destruction  of records  or the  submission
of false information.   In 1988,  the clear establishment of  the Agency's  deterrent
message  on  these  important  concerns  is  made  through   an increase in referral
activity.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $629,500  supported  by   9.1  total
workyears, all of  which is  from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund appropriation.

     Investigative resources were devoted to implementing  the  expanded enforcement
authorities under  SARA  linked,  as  appropriate, to  other  statutory enforcement
actions for maximum impact.
                                        SF-54

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Management and Support

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget  Estimate

                                 Table of  Contents
SUPERFUND

   MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Hazardous Substance  Management  and Support	 SF-56
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management -  Headquarters	.. SF-63
          Hazardous Substance Financial  Management -  Regions	 SF-64
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management  - Headquarters	 SF-65
          Hazardous Substance Administrative Management  - Regions	 SF-65
          Hazardous Substance Support  Services  - Headquarters	 SF-66
          Hazardous Substance Support  Services  - Regions	 SF-67
          Hazardous Substance Computer Services	 SF-67
          Hazardous Substance Legal Services -  Headquarters	 SF-68
          Hazardous Substance Legal Services -  Regions	 SF-68
          Hazardous Substance-Office of  the  Inspector General	 SF-69
          Hazardous Substance-Office of  Policy, Planning & Evaluation	SF-70
          Hazardous Substance-Office of  the  Comptroller	,	 SF-71
          Hazardous Substance-Office of  External Affairs	 SF-72
          Hazardous Substance-Office of  Research and  Development-
            Lab Support	 SF-72
                                       SF-55

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                                                SUPERFUND

                                          Management  and Support

                                 ACTUAL      BUDGET     ENACTED     CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987      ESTIMATE       1988     ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
PROGRAM
                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management
Regions
 Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
 Hazardous  Substance
 Admlnlstrative
 Management -  Regions
  Hazardous Substance
 Hazardous  Substance
 Support Services  -
 Headquarters
  Hazardous Substance
        $9,518.3  $15,555.0  $15,555.0  $15,615.0
TOTAL   $9,518.3  $15,555.0  $15,555.0  $15,615.0
$8,934.3 -$6,680.7
$8,934.3 -$6,680.7
        $2,650.5   $6,443.4   $6,443.4   $6,268.1   $6,439.0    $170.9
TOTAL   $2,650.5   $6,443.4   $6,443.4   $6,268.1   $6,439.0    $170.9
        $8,927.2  $15,905.0  $15,905.0  $14,697.1  $12,764.7 -$1,932.4
TOTAL   $8,927.2  $15,905.0  $15,905.0  $14,697.1  $12,764.7 -$1,932.4
         $2,115.8   $2,785.2   $2,785.2    $2,836.9    $3,001.3     $164.4
TOTAL    $2,115.8   $2,785.2   $2,785.2    $2,836.9    $3,001.3     $164.4
m-r.,   J}J'f33'8   $25'428-8   $25.428.8   $26,268.8   $30,121.1   $3,852.3
TOTAL   $17,633.8   $25,428.8   $25,428.8   $26,268.8   $30,121.1   $3,852.3

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i
171
                                                                  SUPERFUND
                                                            Management and Support
ACTUAL
1987

BUDGET
ESTIMATE
1988
ENACTED
1988

CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988
REQUEST INCREASE +
1989 DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Support Services -
                  Regions
                   Hazardous Substance
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Computer Services
                   Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
 Hazardous Substance
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Legal Services -
                  Regions
                   Hazardous Substance
                               $13,696.9
                        TOTAL  $13,696.9
                                          TOTAL
                                          TOTAL
                                          TOTAL
                  Office of the  Inspector
                  General
                   Hazardous  Substance
                                $3,417.2
                                $3,417.2
$541.8
$541.8
                                                            (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
         $9,925.0   $9,925.0  $11,425.0  $13,909.0  $2,484.0
         $9,925.0   $9.925.0  $11,425.0  $13,909.0  $2,484.0
         $4,700.0   $4,700.0   $4,700.0   $7,247.7  $2,547.7
         $4,700.0   $4,700.0   $4,700.0   $7,247.7  $2,547.7
$666.0     $666.0     $666.0     $666.0
$666.0     $666.0     $666.0     $666.0
                                          TOTAL
                   Hazardous  Substance
                   Office of  Policy,
                   Planning And  Evaluation
                    Hazardous Substance
                                           TOTAL
                                  $858.0   $1,309.4   $1,309.4   $1,159.0   $1,159.0
                                  $858.0   $1,309.4   $1,309.4   $1,159.0   $1,159.0
                                $4,581.2   $6,896.1   $6,896.1   $6,896.1   $6,896.1
                                $4,581.2   $6,896.1   $6,896.1   $6,896.1   $6,896.1
                                $3,482.5   $4,113.5   $4,113.5   $4,113.5   $3,433.5
                                $3.482.5   $4,113.5   $4,113.5   $4,113.5   $3,433.5
                                                     -$680.0
                                                     -$680.0

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 7
• ui
 oo
                                                                  SUPERFUND
                                                            Management and Support

                                                   ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                                    1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE      1989      DECREASE -
                                                               1988                  1988               1989 VS 1988
                  Hazardous Substance
                  Office of the
                  Comptroller
                   Hazardous Substance
                   Hazardous  Substance  -
                   Office  of  External
                   Affairs
                    Hazardous Substance
Hazardous Substance
Office of Research and
Development - Lab
Support
 Hazardous Substance
                   TOTAL:
                    Hazardous Substance
                                          TOTAL
                                           TOTAL
                                           TOTAL
                   Management and Support TOTAL
                                                             (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                                  $572.2   $1,144.0   $1.144.0   $1,144.0   $1,294.0
                                  $572.2   $1,144.0   $1,144.0   $1.144.0   $1,294.0
                                   $47.8
                                   $47.8
                                 $202.5
                                 $202.5
$216.9
$216.9
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
$250.0
                                 $202.5
                                 $202.5
$250.0
$250.0
                               $68,260.1  $95,121.4  $95,121.4  $96,242.0  $96.318.2

                               $68,260.1  $95,121.4  $95,121.4  $96,242.0  $96,318.2
                                                      $150.0
                                                      $150.0
                                                       $76.2

                                                       $76.2
                   PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                   Hazardous Substance
                   Financial Management
                   Headquarters

                   Hazardous Substance
                   Financial Management
                   Regions
                                    37.7
                                    50.7
             57.0
             96.0
             57.0
             96.0
             53.0
             89.8
             53.0
             96.0
             6.2

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00
T
in
vo
                Office of the Inspector
                General

                Hazardous Substance
                Office of Policy,
                Planning And Evaluation

                Hazardous Substance
                Office of the
                Comptroller

                Hazardous Substance -
                Office of External
                Affairs
                                                                SUPERFUND
                                                          Management and Support

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                                             1988                  1988
  8.7
   .5
9.9
                                          REQUEST    INCREASE +
                                           1989      DECREASE -
                                                  1989 VS  1988

Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters
Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions
Hazardous Substance
(DOLLARS IN
91.7 157.6
53.4 63.8
6.1 9.0
19.4 25.9
45.1 52.8
THOUSANDS)
157.6 152.3 152.3
63.8 64.2 71.1
9.0 9.0 9.0
25.9 24.8 25.9
52.8 52.8 52.8


6.9

1.1

  6.0       12.8       12.8       10.0       12.8       2.8
9.9       11.9       11.9
                      3.0        3.0
                TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
319.3      484.8      484.8      470.8      487.8      17.0

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                                                             SUPERFUND
                                                       Management and Support

                                              ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT
                                               1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE
                                                          1988                  1988
                                                                             REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                                              1989     DECREASE -
                                                                                     1989 VS 1988
             TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                                       (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 i
o>
o
Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Financial Management -
Regions

Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management -
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Administrative
Management - Regions

Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Headquarters

Hazardous Substance
Legal Services -
Regions

Hazardous Substance
Office of the Inspector
General

hazardous Substance
Office of Policy.
Planning And Evaluation
                                                  39.3       57.0       57.0       53.0       53.0
                                                  58.4       96.0       96.0       96.0       96.0
                                                  98.2       157.6       157.6       152.3       152.3
                                                  64.0      63.8       63.8        71.1
                                                   6.5
                                                  23.2       25.9        25.9        25.9
                                                   8.0
                                 71.1
 9.0        9.0        9.0        9.0
                                 25.9
                                                  45.7       52.8        52.8        52.8        52.8
12.8       12.8       12.8       12.8

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                                                               SUPEKFUND
                                                         Management and Support

                                                ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                                 1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                            1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988
                                                         (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
               Hazardous Substance
               Office of the Comptroller

               Hazardous Substance -
               Office of External
               Affairs

               TOTAL WORKYEARS
  8.9
9.9  i      9.9
11.9
                                   3.0
11.9
                                 3.0
352.7      484.8      484.8      487,8      487.8
0>

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                                     SUPERFUND


                     Hazardous Substance Management and Support
Budget Request
     The  Agency  requests a  total  of  $96,318,200 supported by 487.8 total workyears
for 1989, an  increase of $76,200 and no change  in  total  workyears from 1988.  All
of the  request  will  be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  These
increases reflect the  additional  management and  support  required for the operation
of an expanding  Hazardous Substances Response program.

Program Description

     This function provides the full array of financial, administrative, management
analysis and  support  services necessary  to manage  and  implement the  Superfund
program.

     Hazardous   Substance  Financial Management - Headquarters and Regions —  This
component contains  two program  elements which  maintain  financial  records,  track
and report on the  use of the  Hazardous  Substance  Response Trust Fund, and provide
site-specific cost documentation  for cost recovery cases.

     Hazardous   Substance  Administrative Management - Headquarters and Regions —
These program  elements  provide  resources  to  fund  the  Superfund  administrate*ve
services necessary  to award and  administer  contracts, process  personnel  actions,
provide central   management and technical support for Superfund information systems,
acquire and maintain  Superfund office  and  laboratory services,  provide technical
assistance and  training  for the  Superfund  program staff  to assure the  safety of
those employees, and manage Superfund property inventories.

     Hazardous   Substance  Support  Services  -  Headquarters  and Regions —  This
component contains two program elements  which cover the  costs of space, utilities,
printing, equipment,  and  other  nonpersonnel  support  needs  that are  allocable to
the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.

     Hazardous Substance Computer Services — This  program element  funds  the data
processing (timesharing) costs of operating and maintaining  all  Superfund inform-
ation systems.

     Hazardous   Substance  Legal  Services- Headquarters  and  Regions — These
program elements fund the activities  of the Office  of the  General  Counsel  (OGC)
and the Office  of the Regional Counsels under Superfund.  These activities include
statutory interpretations  of  the  Superfund Amendments  and Reauthorization  Act
(SARA), and the  issuance of  opinions and advice regarding the use of the Hazardous
Substance Response Trust Fund and other financial, administrative, or legal issues.
In addition, OGC acts as  the  Agency's  chief counsel  in defending  regulatory  and
other Agency decisions  regarding the implementation of  SARA.  The Offices  of the
Regional Counsels advise  and  assist the  Regions and  States in  interpreting  the
Act and represent the Regions in defensive litigation activities.

     Hazardous Substance - Office of the Inspector General — The program  element
provides appropriate audits and  investigations  of the  Hazardous  Substance  Response
Trust Fund,  as  well  as pre-award, interim, and  final  audits of  contracts awarded
under the Superfund program, and audits  of Cooperative Agreements with the States.

     Hazardous  Substance  -  Office  of Policy, Planning  and  Evaluation —  This
program element provides policy analysis, program evaluation, management assessment,
and technical  support and analysis under the Superfund program.
                                       SF-62

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     Hazardous Substance - Office of the Comptroller— The  program  element  funds
resource analysis and  budgeting  under Superfund.These activities Include  budget
development and  oversight,  response to OMB  and  Congressional Inquiries,  analysis
of program  operating  plans,  issuance  of  allowances,  and  resource  analyses  on
critical issues pertaining to the utilization of  Superfund  monies.

     Hazardous Substance - Office of External Affairs — External  Affairs activi-
ties will focus  on developing policies and  guidance  for Section  120 implementation
for Federal Facility cleanup, providing technical assistance  and advice  to Federal
Agencies on the  development of  CERCLA/SARA programs  required  by  E.O.  12088  and
assisting in addressing the  new  community and State involvement, community  right-
to-know and public participation requirements of  SARA.

     Hazardous Substance - Office of Research and Development - Lab Support — This
program element  provides  the  essentiallaboratorysupport  services  required  to
operate ad maintain  the Office  of Research  and Development's  Superfund  research
program in three remote laboratories across  the  country.   These support  services
include facilities operation and maintenance, utilities and equipment operations,
rental costs,  and  other nonpersonnel laboratory  support  needs that are allocable
to the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $8,934,300  supported  by 53.0 total  workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which will  be  for  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  This represents  a decrease  of $6,680,700  and no  change in  total
workyears from 1988.   The decrease reflects the completion  of equipment acquisition
to support cost  recovery and site specific documentation purchased in 1988.   This
program will  provide for the implementation and maintenance of a nationwide document
storage and retrieval  system.  The  system will  allow for the  automated  collection
and retrieval  of documents  for  the  site-specific cost documentation files and the
complete and timely documentation of costs incurred at Superfund  sites.

     The program  will   continue  to  provide the  level  of  Headquarters  financial
management support necessary to ensure  the integrity  of  Superfund  site-specific
cost accounting  data.   This encompasses  the review and  reconciliation of  Head-
quarters site-specific  documents  as they  are being processed to  assure that  the
information is accurate as  well  as  to assure that it is entered  into the Financial
Management System accurately.   It also Includes  monitoring of  Headquarters  costs
charged to site-specific accounts  by EPA employees, other Federal agencies,  State
and local governments,  and  commercial  entities to ensure that amounts  are properly
documented and within  budget.  The  program will  also calculate  and apply  indirect
cost rates to assure that full Agency  costs are charged to sites and  claimed in
cost recovery  actions.  In  addition,  the  program will provide for basic financial
services Including payroll  support,  invoice and voucher processing,  reports prepara-
tion, and funds control for Headquarters.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency  is allocating  a total   of  $15,615,000  supported by  53.0
total workyears  for  this  program,  all  of  which  is from  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.  These resources provide for the purchase of  an automated
document collection  and retrieval  system that is  necessary to maintain pace  with
the increased  requests for cost documentation.  These  resources also provide  for
the establishment  of  current  cost  documentation files  in  Headquarters  so  that
costs claimed  in  cost  recovery litigation  can be supported immediately.  This is
particularly important  in  bankruptcy  cases where time  is  of the essence.   In the
                                      SF-63

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past, an extensive manual  file  search has been necessary to  gather documents that
support costs being claimed.   In  addition, these  resources  provide for an enhanced
level of review and  reconciliation  to insure  the  integrity  of Headquarters charges
posted against site-specific  accounts in the  Financial  Management System  as  well
as providing  for  basic  financial  services  to  an expanding  Superfund  program.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of $9,518,300 supported by  39.3  total
workyears for this program, all  of which was  from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.  These  resources  provided  for  limited  site-specific * accounting
support and  allowed  for preparation  of  cost  recovery  documentation  after a  case
entered the  negotiation  or litigation phase.   Experience has shown that  complete
documentation is often not  available, and that advance case preparation is necessary.
Also provided were basic  financial   services  for  the  Superfund  program  such  as
payroll and  invoice  processing.   Funds obligated also  provided  for a pilot  study
of an automated document storage and retrieval system.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of  $6,439,000  supported by 96.0  total  workyears
for this program, all  of which will  be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation.  This represents an increase of $170,900 and no change  in total workyears
from 1988.  The  increase  reflects additional  operating costs.  This  will  provide
for the collection and verification of Regional cost documentation and  the reconci-
liation of these documents with the Financial  Management System on a current basis.
This will  be done by establishing  a cost documentation  file in  each Region  as
costs are  incurred rather  than  gathering  documentation at  a later  date.   This
will allow  the  Agency  to  respond  Immediately with documentation for  bankruptcy
cases where  time  is  of the  essence  as  well  as  assure  that all   documents needed
for protracted negotiation  or litigation are available  when  requested.   Resources
will also provide  for the  review of State  accounting  systems  and for  support  to
assure that  State  systems  adequately document  expenditures of Federal  assistance
so that  they too  can  be  recovered  from responsible parties.   Also  included  are
resources necessary to provide  basic  financial  services to the Regional  Superfund
program for payroll and voucher processing,  funds control and reporting for manage-
ment and program purposes.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a total  of $6,268,100  supported  by  96.0
total workyears for  this  program, all  of which  1s from  the Hazardous  Substance
Superfund  appropriation.   These resources support  the  enhanced Regional  Superfund
financial activities.  These  activities  Include payroll,  voucher  processing,  funds
control and reporting for management  purposes.  Resources will provide site-specific
accounting support which will  be used for cost-recovery  litigation.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a total  of $2,650,500 supported by  58.4  total
workyears for this program, all  of which was  from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.  With  these resources, the  Regional financial  management  offices
provided site-specific accounting support and  gathered  Regional cost documentation
as requested by Regional counsel  when cases entered the  negotiation or litigation
phases.  Also provided  were  basic  financial  services  for  the Regional  Superfund
program such as payroll and invoice processing and reporting.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - HEADQUARTERS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $12,764,700 supported  by  152.3  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation.  This  represents  a decrease  of  $1,932,400 and  no  workyear change  from
1988.  The  decrease  reflects completion  of  an  equipment  acquisition to  support
information management.  We  will  continue to effectively award,  administer,  and
manage rapidly increasing numbers of Superfund contracts, as well  as assure quality
control over contracts with increasingly high obligation amounts and provide support
for continued  development  and  implementation  of automated  information  systems.
These resources will also provide centralized administrative services for Superfund
activities such as: awarding and managing contracts and assuring accountability for
cooperative and  interagency   agreements;  managing  automated  .systems;  developing
health and  safety training  courses;  implementing  specialized medical  monitoring
programs; providing  recruitment,   staffing,  training/development,  management  and
organizational analysis, and classification activities;  and  providing  sufficient
facilities management to support the overall  Superfund program.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is  allocating a total of $14,697,100 supported  by 152.3
total workyears for this program, all of which is from the Hazardous Substance Super-
fund appropriation.   These  resources  enable the  program  to  provide  centralized
administrative and management services to  Superfund  activities.   In 1988, emphasis
will be on awarding and managing increasing numbers of contracts, grants, cooperative
and interagency agreements.   Special emphasis will be placed on oversight of grants
activities and developing guidance  for more  complex  cooperative agreements and new
program grants.  Another priority is to recruit properly qualified personnel and to
provide for the intense and  specialized training  needs  of Superfund employees, and
to provide management and organizational analysis to strengthen Superfund management
processes.  Significant investment  is  also being  placed on revising or developing
information systems  including systems  to track  hazardous substance releases  at
Federal Facilities.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a total  of  $8,927,200 supported  by  98.2 total
workyears for this program,  all  of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.  These  resources  enabled  the Agency  to award  and  administer the
contracts and cooperative and interagency agreements required to carry out emergency
and remedial response activities and provided central  technical  support for develo-
ping, operating, and  maintaining  all  automated Superfund information systems.   The
Agency also refined health and  safety  standards  and procedures, and maintained and
supported the  Agency  personnel  requirements  of the Superfund program staff.   The
Agency developed'  delegations  of authority  so that  Superfund activities  could be
carried out in an effective manner.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - REGIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a  total  of $3,001,300 supported by 71.1  total  workyears
for this program, all of which will be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appro-
priation.  This represents an increase of $164,400 and no change in total workyears
from 1988.  The increase reflects additional  operating costs.   Regional administra-
tive management  activities  will  include:  continuing  recruitment of  personnel  to
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work 1n  the  Super-fund  program,  assuring  a reliable  health and  safety  program,
providing adequate ADP  technical  assistance to  support the site-specific  record-
keeping requirements  of the  Superfund program  and improved  information  systems
for EPA  and  State operations, and  ensuring that small  purchase  and contract  and
procurement management  maintains   a  level   of  accountability  commensurate  with
program growth.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the  Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $2,836,900 supported by 71.1
total workyears  for  this program,  all  of  which is from  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.  These resources provide Regional  Superfund administrative
support services  for contracting  and procurement,  personnel,  health and  safety,
facilities, and  information management activities.  Workyear increases  reflect  the
implementation of the Agency's decentralized  Superfund contracting  strategy.   The
program is  placing  special   emphasis  on  efforts  to   recruit  properly  qualified
personnel and to  provide  for  the  intense and  specialized training  needs  of Super-
fund employees.   Increased  efforts are  also  underway   in  the  area  of  information
resources management  to  efficiently  respond  to  increasing program demands  for
staff support.
                                    v

1987 Accomplishments         -

     In 1987, the Agency  obligated a total of $2,115,800 supported  by  64.0  total
workyears for this program, all of which was from the  Hazardous  Substance Superfund
appropriation.  These  resources  provided  a  full   complement of  administrative
management services to the Regional Superfund program.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total   of $30,121,100 for  this  program,  all  of  which
will be  for  the Hazardous Substance  Superfund Appropriation.   This  represents an
increase of $3,852,300 from 1988.   The increase  reflects the additional  management
and support required for the operation of  an expanding  Hazardous Substance Superfund
program.  These  resources will  fund  the Hazardous Substance  Response  program's
share of Headquarters and Agencywide costs.  These  costs will include:   facilities
rental, Federal Telecommunications System (FTS), utilities, local telephone service,
printing and  copying,  postage,  other building and  office services  and  health  and
safety training.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total  of $26,268,800 for  this program,  all
of which is  from the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   These  resources
fund support costs in Headquarters which include facilities rental, FTS,  utilities,
local telephone and other related  services.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the  Agency obligated  a  total of  $17;633,800 for this program,  all
of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund  appropriation.   These resources
were the Superfund  programs'   share of  the Agency management and support  costs
needed to operate the Headquarters operations.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SUPPORT SERVICES - REGIONS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total of $13,909,000 for this program,  all  of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  This represents an increase
of $2,484,000 from 1988.  The increase reflects the additional management and support
required for the operation of an expanding Hazardous Substance Response program and
includes resources to purchase ESD laboratory equipment.  These resources will cover
utilities, local telephone service, printing  and  copying,  minicomputer operations,
equipment maintenance,  and all  other support  services related  to the  Superfund
program activities in the Regions.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating a total of $11,425,000 for this program, all
of which  is  from the  Hazardous Substance  Superfund appropriation.   This  program
supports the  costs  for utilities,  local  telephone service, printing  and copying,
minicomputer operations, equipment  maintenance  and other  support  services  related
to Regional Superfund program activities.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a  total  of $13,696,900  for this program,  all  of
which was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   This  program
funded the operation  and maintenance  costs  in the  Regions  to  operate  the Superfund
program activities.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE COMPUTER SERVICES

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a total  of $7,247,700  for this program, all  of which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  This represents an increase
of $2,547,700  from 1988.  The  increase  reflects  support  for the additional  ADP
requirements   for  the  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response,   Compensation  and
Liability Information  System  (CERCLIS), the  Superfund  Contract  Laboratory  Program
Contract Compliance  Screening  Data Base  and  the  Agency's  integrated  financial
management system.  These  resources will  provide  centralized  computing services to
the Hazardous Substance Superfund Program by the  Agency's  National  Computer Center
in Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina.   These funds pay  a portion of the Center's
costs  for  equipment,  telecommunications,  software  leases  and  maintenance and
facility operations.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is allocating $4,700,000 for this  program, all of which is
from the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.   This amount reflects  an
increase in the  size  and use of  Hazardous  Substance Response program data bases.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated  a  total  of  $3,417,200  for this  program,  all  of
which  was  from  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund  appropriation.  The  program
provided computer services to the Hazardous Substance Superfund Program.
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 HAZARDOUS  SUSTANCES LEGAL SERVICES - HEADQUARTERS

.1989  Program  Request

      In  1989,  the Agency  requests  a  total  of  $666,000  supported  by  9.0  total
 workyears  for  this program,  all  of  which will  be  for the  Hazardous  Substance
 Superfund  appropriation.  This represents no change  from  1988.

      The Office of General Counsel (06C) will provide legal advice and consultation
 on matters related  to the implementation of  the Superfund program.  The OGC will
 support  the Agency's promulgation of rules,  establishment  of policy,, and preparation
 of guidance  documents  for  program  implementation  of  the  reauthorized  Superfund
 program.   This  includes legal  support  to financial and administrative operation of
 Superfund, Including  Contract Law, Audits,  Cooperative Agreements and  Freedom of
 Information Act  (FOIA).   The  OGC handles Superfund  litigation  in  which the Agency
 is a  defendant.


 1988  Program

      In  1988, the Agency is allocating a total  of $666,000 supported by 9.0 total
 workyears  for this program, all  of which is from the Hazardous  Substance Superfund
 appropriation.  The Office  of General  Counsel is providing advice and consultation
 on financial  and administrative matters  such  as eligible uses  of  the  Fund;  legal
 guidance on program matters such as interpretation  of  the statute, development of
 regulations,, and changes to the National  Contingency  Plan; and defense of  the Agency
 in any litigation brought against it concerning CERCLA.


 1987  Accomplishments

      In  1987,  the Agency  obligated a total   of $541,800  supported  by  6.5  total
workyears  for this program,  all  which was  from the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  The Office  of General  Counsel  provided  legal  guidance  in program
matters  such as statutory interpretation, development of response priorities, review
of proposed  regulatory  actions,  and  defense  of  the  Agency where  litigation  had
been  brought against it concerning CERCLA.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES LEGAL SERVICES -REGIONS

1989  Program Request

      In  1989, the Agency requests a  total  of  $1,159,000 supported  by  25.9  total
workyears for this  program,  all  of   which will  be for  the  Hazardous  Substance
Superfund appropriation.  This represents no change from 1988.

     The Offices of Regional Counsel will provide legal advice  and  consultation on
matters  related  to  the  Implementation of  the  Superfund  program  to the Regional
Administrators,  Regional Superfund managers and State  agencies.  Principal  activi-
ties will  be  the defense  of the  Agency in  CERCLA litigation filed  against  it,
participation in  formal  administrative  proceedings,  review  of state  cooperative
agreements, activities  relating  to  access  by the public  to EPA held information,
development of the administrative  record for  selection of cleanup  remedies,  legal
support to program  response activities,  and  the  provision  of  a  wide variety  of
legal  counsel  and advice to Regional,  state  and local program officials.


1988 Program

     In 1988,  the Agency is  allocating  a  total  of $1,159,000  supported by  25.9
total  workyears  for this program, all  of  which is from the Hazardous  Substance
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Superfund apropriation.  The Office of Regional Counsel will  continue to represent
the Agency 1n Regional  defensive litigation concerning Superfund.   In  addition,  the
Offices of  Regional  Counsel  will  provide  legal  assistance  by  reviewing  state
cooperative agreements for legal sufficiency; advising state agencies  regarding  the
legal requirements of the Superfund program; determining eligible  uses of the Fund;
and advising  on Federal  procurement and  treatment  of confidential   information.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a total  of $858,000  supported  by  23.2  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which was from the Hazardous Substance Superfund
appropriation.  The  Offices of  Regional  Counsel  provided  EPA and state  agencies
with legal  advice  and  consultation  on matters  related to  the implementation  of
CERCLA.  Principal  activities  of  the  Offices  of  Regional  Counsel   included  the
conduct of defensive litigation, legal review of cooperative agreements with states
for site cleanup,  and general legal support  to the Superfund program in the Regions.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of  $6,896,100  supported  by  52.8 total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which  will  be for the Hazardous  Substance Response Trust
Fund appropriation.  This  represents no  change from  1988.   These resources will
enable the  Office  of  Inspector General  to continue  its  efforts to comply with
statutory requirements placed on it  by Congress in  the Superfund reauthoriration.
The DIG will continue its program of external audits performed by  public accounting
firms and other government  audit agencies as well as  continue operating a limited
internal audit program to examine the economy, efficiency,  and effectiveness of  the
Fund's management.   The  DIG will  continue  to  investigate referrals   of suspected
criminal activity with high  potential  for criminal prosecution.  Also,  investigative
resources will  enable  the Office  of  Inspector General  to identify  and eliminate
situations which create the opportunity for fraud and abuse.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating  a  total  of $6,896,100  supported  by  52.8
total workyears for  this program, all  of  which  is  from  the Hazardous  Substance
Response Trust Fund  appropriation.  These  resources  enable the Office of Inspector
General to  begin  meeting the statutory  requirements placed on it by Congress  in
the Superfund  reauthorization.   These  annual  requirements  include   (1)  auditing
payments, obligations, reimbursements or  other  uses  of the funds; (2)  examining a
sample of  agreements with  States  carrying  out  response  actions;   (3)  examining
remedial investigations and feasibility studies;  (4)  reviewing the Administrator's
status report  on   all   remedial  and  enforcement actions;  and (5)   reviewing  the
Administrator's estimate of the  amount  of resources necessary for EPA to complete
the implementation of  its Superfund  responsibilities.  The  DIG will   continue  its
program of external  audits  performed  by public accounting firms  and  other govern-
ment audit, agencies  as  well  as  operate a limited internal  audit program to examine
the economy,  efficiency,  and  effectiveness  of  the  Fund's management.   It will
investigate  referrals  of   suspected  criminal activity  with high  potential  for
criminal prosecution.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated a total  of  $4,581,200  supported  by  45.7 total
workyears for this program,  all  of which  was from the Hazardous  Substance Response
Trust Fund appropriation.  During 1987, the Office  of Inspector General  issued  107
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audit reports  on the  Fund.   Internal  audits focused  on:   progress,  costs,  and
management of States'  cleanup actions; Regional monitoring of cooperative  agreements
with States;  and,  planning,  control,  and  accuracy  of the  Superfund  management
information system.   Superfund audits questioned and  set aside  $114 million  of  the
approximately $402 million audited.   Investigative  efforts resulted  in the  identi-
fication of several  major schemes in connection with cleanup actions  that are being
pursued for both criminal and civil  prosecution.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF POLICY.  PLANNING AND EVALUATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $3,433,500 'supported  by 12.8 total   workyears
for this  program,  all  of  which will  be for  the  Hazardous Substance   Superfund
appropriation.  This  represents  a  decrease  of  $680,000   and no change  in  total
workyears.  The  decrease  reflects  a  shift  1n emphasis from Superfund  regulation
and analysis to program implementation.

     The Office  of Policy Analysis  (OPA) will  concentrate  on policy  development as
the Superfund program works to implement the 1986 amendments and the revised National
Contingency Plan (NCP).  It will continue its  involvement 1n the development,  review,
and analysis  of policy  proposals,   including extensive  workgroup  participation;
conduct a comprehensive analysis of Superfund risk data; assist the Regions in imple-
menting risk  assessment  methodologies  and decision-making  processes; evaluate  the
impact of the amendments and the revised NCP on remedy  decisions and analyze the role
of states and citizens  in the Superfund process as an adjunct to Office of  Management
Systems and  Evaluation (OMSE)  studies.   The Office  of Standards and Regulations
(OSR) will conduct pilot studies at selected  Superfund sites as  followup  to  statis-
tical sampling and data analysis guidance developed  in 1987 and 1988.   It  will begin
development of  statistical  strategies  to address  and resolve problems  related to
the Hazard  Ranking  System  (HRS),  targeting   of  preliminary  assessments  and  site
investigations and  sampling  strategies  designed  to  accommodate quick  turnaround
chemical analysis.  It also will adapt  its  enforcement targeting model  for  use in
enforcement of  Superfund site  cleanup.   Ongoing  efforts to  develop   innovative
approaches to implementation of Superfund  emergency  response programs will continue.
OMSE will complete  the work begun  in 1987  on environmental  indicators  to  measure
the effectiveness of  EPA's  hazardous  waste  programs in  the  field,  focusing  on
refining the experts  systems and other  computer techniques to determine  health  and
environmental priorities.  In addition,  OMSE  will  conduct  management  reviews  of
several States  and  Regions  to determine  how best  to oversee the hazardous  waste
programs.  Program evaluation studies will include  public  Involvement in  selection
of Superfund remedies and State  roles in Superfund.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  1s allocating a total of $4,113,500 supported by  12.8 total
workyears for this program,  all  of which is  from the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.

     OPA 1s continuing to identify and analyze major Superfund implementation policy
and regulatory Issues.  It is promoting  a balanced  review of all  statutory criteria
in selection of  Superfund remedies  toward getting  prompt  action at sites;  greater
use of multi-media risk assessment  methods for setting priorities and  making clean-
up decisions; and risk communication and citizen participation.  OSR continues to
administer EPA's internal review and analysis process and  ensures compliance with
Executive Orders and  legislated  requirements.  Its Paperwork Reduction   Act (PRA)
activities have Increased in terms  of both the amount of  information Involved  and
the number  and  complexity of Information Issues.   Its statistical activities  are
focusing on  Superfund  enforcement  and  implementation  of  statistically  valid Data
Quality Objectives as  well as development of sampling methods and guidance  for deter-
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mining when cleanup standards have been met at Superfund sites.   Reform Initiatives
are shifting from identification and preliminary design to implementation  or  demon-
strations.  OMSE is developing a series of environmental  indicators for the'Superfund
program based primarily on current  data  available from remedial  and removal  actions.
Program evaluation  activities include  a review of  EPA's  process for adding waste
sites to the National  Priority List.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a  total  of  $3,482,500 supported by  8.0 total
workyears for this program, all  of which was from the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.

     OPA played  a  major  role  in:   revising  the  HRS  and  NCP's;  improving  risk
communication and  local  citizen acceptance of  proposed remedies; and  determining
the Superfund role in cleanup of area-wide groundwater  contamination.   OSR ensured
compliance of regulatory  and policy  documents with  the  Executive Orders and  legis-
lated requirements; participated in developing information collection components of
Superfund rules; and assisted programs  with  survey  design  to assure  cost-effective
collection of appropriate  and high  quality data and PRA compliance.   OSR  developed
statistical guidance for sampling  and  data analysis  of  Superfund  sites and  for
addressing problems of  pollution concentrations  below detection levels in monitoring
data analysis.   It also  initiated  development of  incentive-based  approaches  to
Superfund.  OMSE established a  Superfund  indicators  working  group of Headquarters,
Regional and outside experts to  assess  the  availability of data and  develop  appro-
priate indicators.  It  examined  EPA Regional  oversight of Potentially  Responsible
Parties as well  as  participation in  Superfund  remedial  activities in response  to a
request from the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total  of $1,294,000 supported  by 11.9 total  workyears
for this  program,  all   of  which will  be for  the  Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  This represents an  Increase  of $150,000  and   no change   in total
workyears from 1988.  The  increase  reflects  Increased  support  costs.   The program
will provide  additional  financial  oversight and  tracking  of  a  higher  level  of
program activities  resulting from  an  expanded  tax authority.   These  resources
will support: the  preparation of  the Agency's budget submissions  to  the  Office of
Management and Budget   (OMB)  and Congress;  response  to   Congressional inquiries;
analysis and  review  of major issues concerning workload  and  pricing  models;  and
analysis of  ongoing resource issues related to  the operation  and  management  of
the Trust Fund.


1988 Program

     In  1988, the  Agency  is  allocating  a  total  of $1,144,000  and 11.9 total
workyears for this program, all  of which  is from the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  These  resources support  the  Agency's  ongoing  budget  activities.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated  a  total   of $572,200  and 8.9 total  workyears
for this program, all  of which was  from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund  appro-
priation.  The Office  of  the  Comptroller  coordinated and  prepared the OMB   and
Congressional budget submissions, responded to Congressional inquiries, and provided
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fund oversight  activities  including  ongoing  resource  reviews  for the  Superfund
program.  In  addition,  the  program  conducted in-house  studies on  site-specific
charging.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total   of  $202,500 supported  by  3.0  total  workyears
for this  Office,  all  of  which  will  be  for  the Hazardous  Substance  Superfund
appropriation.  This represents no  change  in total dollars and  no  change in total
workyears from 1988.

     The Office -of External  Affairs (OEA) will continue to use existing and develop
new communication  vehicles  to  exchange information on  acute hazardous,  National
Priority List (NPL) site activity, emergency  planning, chemical release information,
and enforcement activity.  The  Office will  also continue to work closely with the
Regions and  newly  established emergency response  commissions and  local  emergency
planning committees, and other  citizen groups to  avoid public misunderstanding and
del ays i n si te.acti vi ty.

     The Office of Exteranl Affairs  (OEA) will assist Federal  agencies in addressing
and documenting over 3,000 sites 1n  a newly established EPA Federal Agency Hazardous
Waste Docket, as  well  as prepare  guidance  and technical  assistance  documents  to
assess sites in the Docket and, if listed on the NPL,  to begin remediation efforts.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating $202,500 and 3.0 total workyears  for this
Office, all  of   which  is  from the Hazardous  Substance Superfund  appropriation.
In 1988,  OEA  is  supporting  the  Regions   and  assisting  States  and  localities
with plans  to  respond to chemical  emergencies.  The Office  is  playing  a  crucial
role in  exchanging  information with  local  health professionals,  public  safety
officials, local government and State government officials.

     The Office  is assisting  in the development  of   Section 120  implementation
guidance and policies related to  Federal sites and is  playing  an  active  role  in
assisting agencies in meeting SARA requirements.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency  obligated  a total  of   $47,800  supported  by 0.5  total
workyears, all  of  which was  from the  Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.

     The Office  coordinated  the  identification   of  inactive  sites  with  other
Federal agencies; provided a  wide  variety of communication support,  including the
development of fact  sheets and publications, and  worked  on  information  exchange
with State and local  governments.


HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE - OFFICE  OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -  LAB SUPPORT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests a total  of $250,000 for  this  program,  all  of  which will
be for the Hazardous Substance Superfund appropriation.  This  represents  no change
in the funding  level  from 1988.   These resources  will  provide  essential  support
services for Office  of Research  and  Development  (ORD)  remote laboratories  which
perform research in the  hazardous  substances area.   These resources will  fund such
                                      SF-72

-------
items as facilities operation and  maintenance,  utilities  and equipment  operations,
rental costs,  and  other  nonpersonnel  support  costs that  are essential  for  the
operation and maintenance of ORD's  remote laboratories.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is allocating a total  of  $250,000 for this program,  all
of which is  from the Hazardous Substance  Superfund  appropriation.  These  resources
provide for  the  essential  services  as  described  above,  which  are  required  to
operate and maintain ORD's  remote  laboratories in  support  of Superfund  research.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated  $216,900 for this  program,  all   of which  was
from the Hazardous  Substance Superfund appropriation.  This  funding provided  the
essential  ORD  laboratory  support services associated with  the Superfund  research
program.
                                       SF-73

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LUST

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY "

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents


                                                                            Page

LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS                                           L-l

   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
       LUST Technical Support	  L-6
          Environmental Engineering and Technology	  L-7
   ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       LUST Guidelines and Implementation	  L-10
   ENFORCEMENT
       LUST Enforcement-Office of Enforcement & Compliance  Monitoring	L-14
   MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Management & Support	  L-18
          Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning.
            and Evaluation	  L-20
          Administrative Management - Office of Administration
            and Resources Management	  L-21
          Legal Services - Office of General Counsel	..  L-21
                                       L-l

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                                                      LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
                                                  ACTUAL
                                                    1987
                                            BUDGET
                                           ESTIMATE
                                             1988
                       ENACTED
                         1988
 CURRENT
ESTIMATE
  1988
REQUEST   INCREASE +
 1989     DECREASE -
        1989 VS 1988
                  APPROPRIATION
                                                            (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
                   Leaking Underground           $20,324.4
                   Storage Tanks Trust

                  TOTAL,  Leaking Underground     $20,324.4
                          Storage Tanks Trust
                                                     $14,400.0   $39,400.0   $50,000.0  $10,600.0
                                                     $14,400.0   $39,400.0   $50,000.0  $10,600.0
ro
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
OUTLAYS
AUTHORIZATION LEVELS
    46.0       85.0       80.0       80.0       85.0       5.0
    27.0       85.0       85.0       85.0       90.0       5.0
$1,330.0  $17,500.0  $23,330.2  $23,330.0  $31,820.0  $8,490.0
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorlzatlon Act (SARA)  of 1986,  established
the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Trust Fund and authorizes a total
of $500,000,000 to be appropriated to this fund from 1987 to 1991.

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                 LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST)  TRUST FUND


OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY


     The goal of Subtitle I of  the  Solid  Waste Disposal  Act of 1965,  as  amended  by
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, is to assure  the  timely
and appropriate cleanup of leaking  underground   storage   tanks   containing  petro-
leum.  Owner/operators of  facilities with  underground  storage tanks have primary
responsibility for cleanup and,  once regulations  become effective,  must  maintain
evidence of  financial  responsibility.   The LUST Trust Fund provides supplemental
cleanup capabilities for abandoned  sites  or for sites where the owner/operator  is
unwilling or unable to undertake the cleanup.  The Trust Fund will  then  be used  to
enforce or perform  necessary  cleanups and to  recover any costs incurred  from the
Fund.

     The Agency's primary objective  is  to develop and implement the  LUST  response
program through cooperative agreements with States.   States  have already  identified
thousands of  sites  as being  eligible  for cleanup.  Using  Trust  Fund  resources,
States may either enforce  responsible  party  cleanups or directly undertake cor-
rective action.  Therefore,  increased  emphasis  in 1989  will   be  placed on:  (1)
building and  implementing  strong State  programs;  (2)  strengthening enforcement;
(3) developing and  implementing guidelines, and providing  scientific support for
field response actions; and (4)  providing  continued management support.

Build and Implement  Strong  State Programs

     The  Agency  is   providing  significant   increases  for  State  cooperative
agreements.  Through these  agreements, the Agency will target resources to  increase
the number of cleanups in  States with highly developed  programs.  The Agency will
work with these States to  expand their enforcement, oversight, and response capa-
bilities.  In the few  States with new programs,  the emphasis will  remain  on basic
program development.  The  Agency will  develop  and distribute  practical  tools for
States and local  governments,  including   management   systems   to  track  corrective
actions,  cost   recoveries*   resource  utilization,   and  compliance activities.

     The Agency  will   implement  a  program appraisal  process  designed  to  assist
States in  executing their  lead  responsibilities  under  cooperative agreements.
This appraisal process will identify performance levels  among  the State and local
programs and  will  provide  tools,  methods, and  training to  achieve  better State
performance.  Program appraisal  will focus  on  key  areas  such as conducting and
overseeing  cleanups,  identifying   and   pursuing  responsible  parties,  and cost
recovery, and  will   emphasize  assisting  States  to  improve  in identified  areas.

Strengthen Enforcement

     In 1989, owner/operators will  begin  installing  leak detection  mechanisms  on
tanks in order to comply with  Agency regulations and insurance requirements.  The
number of leaks  reported  is expected to  increase substantially from the  previous
year.  As  a  result,  there  will  be  an increased  State  workload in site response,
site assessments,  enforcement  activities,  and  cleanups.    States  will  provide
oversight and technical assistance to owner/operators performing corrective actions
at their own sites  and will  use enforcement actions to  compel cleanup by  recal-
citrant  owner/operators.   States   will   use   the  Trust  Fund to perform  actual
cleanups only as  a  last resort,  and will  seek  to  recover appropriate  costs  from
responsible parties.  The  Agency  will   work   with  the   States to develop and
implement an effective enforcement program.

     Generally, the  Agency  will  respond   directly  to releases only in cases  of
substantial threat to human health and the environment and when the State  will not
and the owner/operator cannot take appropriate action.

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Develop Guidance and Provide Technical  Support

     Because the  States  are  Implementing this  program,  the Agency  must  clearly
define and communicate national priorities.   Guidelines will  be  provided  on finan-
cial responsibility,  corrective  action,   enforcement,  cost  recovery,   and  Fund
management systems.  The Agency  will  also provide  research and technical  support
for field response  actions including guidance on cleanup  technologies  and improved
rapid site  assessment  techniques  which  can  be  easily  used  by  State  and  local
personnel.

Provide Continued Management Support

     As the program develops and the policies and procedures of  the Trust  Fund are
established, the  Agency  will  continue  to provide full support  in management and
administrative services  to  program operations.   Agency  support will  be  provided
in personnel, budgeting, financial  management,  contracts  and grants,  legal  advice
and program  planning  and  evaluation  to   ensure effective  and  efficient  program
operations.
                                       L-4

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    Research
and Development

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
                                                                            Page
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS

   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
       LUST Technical  Support	  L-6
          Environmental  Engineering and Technology	  L-7
                                         L-5

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                              LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
                                         LUST Technical Support


PROGRAM
Environmental
Engineering &
Technol ogy
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Technical Support TOTAL
PERMANENT WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
Environmental
Engineering &
Technology
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE
1988 1988 1989 VS 198
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4
$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4
$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4
$742.4 $768.6 $770.0 $1.4

.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
TOTAL WORKYEARS
.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0

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                 LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND


                               LUST Technical Support
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a  total  of $770,000 supported by  2.0  total  workyears for
1989, all of which  is  from the Leaking Underground  Storage Tank Trust Fund.  This
is an increase of $1,400 from  1938  and  no  change in  total  workyears.  The increase
reflects a general enhancement of inhouse support for this program.

Program Description

     This program provides  technical  support to Leaking  Underground  Storage Tank
(LUST) Trust Fund  corrective  actions  at leaking  facilities.  This effort includes
providing scientific expertise on  low cost approaches for  assessment  of  site con-
tamination, monitoring systems  for leaked  petroleum products,  transport  and fate
of petroleum products in  soils  and ground water,  decision models to assist in making
site-specific cleanup decisions,  and evaluations of remedial technologies.

     Objective 1:  Leaking  Underground  Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support.
This activity  provides  technical  support  to  theOfficeof  Underground  Storage
Tanks (OUST), Regions, States, and  local  agencies implementing  the LUST Trust Fund
program.  This work  contributes  to ensuring  the  selection  of  the  best  available
site assessment and cleanup procedures by responsible authorities.


ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $770,000 supported by  2.0  total  workyears for
this program, all of which  will  be for the Leaking Underground  Storage Tanks Trust
Fund.  This represents an increase of $1,400 and no change in total workyears.  The
increase reflects  a  general   enhancement   of  inhouse  support  for this program.

     Leaking  Underground  Storage Tank Trust Fund Technical Support.  This program
will obtain case  study data of past and on-going  corrective  actions at LUST sites
and perform  engineering  analyses on  them.   This data plays  an  important  role in
our overall  ability  to  provide technical  guidance  for corrective  actions at LUST
sites.  Field  evaluations  of  selected  techniques   for  cleaning   up  LUST  sites
will also continue.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is allocating a total  of $768,600 supported  by 2.0 total
workyears for this program, all  of  which is from the LUST Trust  Fund.  The program
is evaluating  RCRA and  CERCLA  cleanup technologies  developed  for petroleum and
hazardous chemical releases for  their applicability  to petroleum leaks from  under-
ground tanks.  Demonstrations at LUST sites are  also being conducted.  Case studies
of past and on going corrective actions are being performed and a guidance document
on site specific procedures for cost-effective corrective action  is being outlined.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the Agency obligated a  total  of $742,400 supported  by 0.3 total work-
years for this  program,  all  of  which was from  the  LUST  Trust  Fund.  A  full-scale
                                       L-7

-------
field evaluation of  a vacuum extraction technology  was initiated at a  LUST site.
Collection and analysis of an initial  data  set,  including soil-gas, soil and ground-
water samples,  was  completed.   Results  indicated  significant reductions in  soil
contamination.  A project  was  initiated to  identify the  mechanisms  which  control
the migration,  retention,  transformation and remobilization  of  gasoline  released
from underground storage tanks.
                                         L-8

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Abatement and Control

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                1989 Budget Estimate
                                 Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
   ABATEMENT & CONTROL
       LUST Guidelines and Implementation	  L-10
                                       L-9

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                               LEAKING UNDERGROUND  STORAGE  TANK  TRUST FUND
                                     LUST  Guidelines  &  Implementation

                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET      ENACTED    CURRENT    REQUEST   INCREASE +
                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                          {DOLLARS  IN THOUSANDS)
PROGRAM
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks Trust
       $18,781.8

TOTAL  $18,781.8
      $14,400.0   $35,852.7   $46,400.0  $10,547.3

      $14,400.0   $35,852.7   $46,400.0  $10,547.3
TOTAL:
 Leaking Underground
 Storage Tanks Trust

LUST Guidelines &
Implementation


PERMANENT WORKYEARS
       $18,781.8


TOTAL  $18,781.8
      $14,400.0  $35,852.7  $46,400.0 $10,547.3
      $14,400.0  $35,852.7  $46,400.0 $10,547.3
Guidelines &
Implementation - LUST

TOTAL  PERMANENT WORKYEARS
             17.7
             17.7
56.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
55.5
55.5
61.0
61.0
5.5
                                                                                           5.5
TOTAL  WORKYEARS

Guidelines  &
Implementation - LUST
             20.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
                                                        61.0
                                            5.0
TOTAL  WORKYEARS
             20.0
                                               56.0
           56.0
           56.0
                                                        61.0
                                                                                           5.0

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                 LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST)  TRUST FUND


                         LUST Guidelines and Implementation
Budget Request
     The Agency requests a  total  of $46,400,000 supported by 61.0  total  workyears
for 1989 for the  Leaking  Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.   This
is an increase of $10,547,300 and 5.0 total  workyears from 1988.

Program Description

     LUST Guidelines and Implementation — The  goal  of this  program 1s  to  ensure
rapidano1effect!veresponsetoreleases  from underground  petroleum tanks,  as
authorized by amendments to Subtitle I of the Solid Waste  Disposal  Act contained  in
the Superfund Amendments and  Reauthorization Act  of 1986.  The Agency will  develop
policies and  guidelines  for  Fund administration,  develop  cooperative  agreements
with States to  implement the  response program,  provide  technical assistance and
oversight for State programs,  and undertake  a limited number  of  direct response and
enforcement actions.


LUST GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests a  total  of $46,400,000 supported by 61.0  total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which  will  be  for  the  Leaking  Underground  Storage  Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.   This represents an increase of  $10,547,300 and 5.0 total
workyears from  1988.   The Increases  will  provide  additional   support  for and
expanded funding of State cooperative agreements.

     By 1989,  the  Agency's  UST prevention regulations will  be  in  place.   Because
this program will  be implemented at the  State and local  level, the  Agency's  role
will be to  continue to  develop and  issue  policies,  guidance,  and  strategies  to
promote State response programs.  Policies and procedures  implementing and ensuring
compliance with new Subtitle I regulatory requirements will be developed, including
further information on financial  responsibility and  State  cost-share requirements.
The Agency will also develop  guidelines  for Fund administration and  State  program
evaluation.  Additional   guidelines  will  address  site   priorities,   enforcement,
corrective action,  and  Federal  oversight.   The  Agency  will Identify  key  Imple-
mentation Issues  and  develop  needed technical  assistance  and training  to  address
these issues.   Pilots for  implementing the  Agency's  cost  recovery policy will  be
monitored and evaluated.

     The regulation requiring  leak  detection  mechanisms  on new and existing tanks
1s expected to  generate  a  substantially  increased  workload  as  owner/operators
report suspected  releases.  This  requirement  is being phased in  and is expected  to
affect at least 350,000 tanks in 1989.  States must  be prepared  to respond to the
report of a release,  to assist and  oversee  the owner/operator in  site assessment
and corrective action, or to  undertake corrective  action themselves when required.

     State-wide generic cooperative agreements will  continue  to  be the vehicle for
Implementing the  expanded  response  program.   The  Agency will allocate $40,500,000
of the  request  for State  cooperative  agreements.   The statutory  provisions  for a
10% cost-share on  Trust Fund  resources expended for  corrective action  will  become
effective in 1989.  In addition to entering  into cooperative  agreements with States
that already have  response programs, a portion of the  Fund will  be targeted to the
other States to assist them in initiating a response program.
                                       L-ll

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     Emphasis will be placed on  addressing  human  health and environmental  needs  by
targeting resources  to  States  with  the  greatest  readiness  to  proceed  with  a
response program.  States  will  oversee site  assessments  and cleanups  by  owner/
operators and  will   use  administrative  orders to  enforce  cleanup  by   unwilling
parties.  Where necessary, States will  use  the Trust Fund to clean up releases  of
petroleum and seek recovery of  costs.   States must also be prepared  to  take  emer-
gency action in life-threatening cases.   Regions will provide  technical assistance,
program review, and evaluation  for State response  programs.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency is allocating  a  total  of  $35,852,700  supported by  56.0
total workyears, -all   of  which  is from  the  Leaking Underground Storage  Tank  Trust
Fund appropriation.

     The Agency  1s  developing   and  issuing  policies,  guidance,   and   strategies
for promoting  State   program  development.   Delegations  of  authority   have  been
developed and issued  to  the Regions  for signing cooperative agreements,  issuing
corrective action  orders through Section  9003(h)(4)  of  Subtitle  I  of  the  Solid
Waste Disposal   Act as amended,  gaining  access and  conducting inspections  through
Section 9005, and other  administrative  enforcement procedures.  Policies,  guidance
and strategies  are being developed to  implement  these delegated authorities,  and
other authorities necessary to  administer  and  evaluate  the  program.   Guidance  on
the assessment of State capabilities and authorities  will  be  developed.   The Agency
1s developing a  policy  statement and  strategy for  cost recovery  under the  LUST
Trust Fund  program.   Policies  and procedures  for Federal  responses  in  emergency
cases will be made final.

     The Agency  is  overseeing  development and  implementation of  State  response
programs, providing technical  assistance to States that need, to develop cooperative
agreements to enter  the  program,  and preparing for  States to undertake emergency
responses to petroleum releases  from underground  storage tanks.   Agency  oversight
of cleanup  under  cooperative  agreements will  examine State programs, procedures,
and mechanisms  for addressing  releases, including appropriate program  and  fiscal
systems.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987, the  Agency obligated a  total  of $18,781,800  supported by  20 total
workyears from  the  Leaking  Underground  Storage   Tank Trust  Fund appropriation.

     The Agency established guidelines  and  procedures for negotiating cooperative
agreements.  Forty-five  cooperative agreements,   the  vehicle  for Implementation
of the  leaking  underground storage  tank response program,  have  been   signed  and
Include 40  States,  3  territories,  and  2  site-specific  agreements.   The  generic
agreements with 40 States and 3  territories provided for  basic program development
including a priority  system for addressing sites, enforcement procedures,  correc-
tive action,  cost  recovery,   Federal   oversight, public  participation,   quality
assurance, and  State  work  plans.  Two site  specific agreements  enabled  actual
corrective action work to begin  immediately at sites that posed  an imminent threat
to human health.
                                       L-12

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Enforcement

-------
                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS

   ENFORCEMENT
       LUST Enforcement-Office of Enforcement & Compliance Monitoring	L-14
                                         L-13

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LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUND
              LUST Enforcement


PROGRAM
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
TOTAL:
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
LUST Enforcement TOTAL
PERMANENT WORK YEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
TOTAL WORKYEARS
LUST - Legal
Enforcement
TOTAL WORKYEARS
ACTUAL BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT REQUEST INCREASE +
1987 ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE 1989 DECREASE -
1988 1988 1989 VS 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2
$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2
$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2
$77.4 $264.8 $278.0 $13.2

1.5 6.0 6.0 4.5 5.6 1.1
1.5 6.0 6.0 4.5 5.6 1.1

1.5 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.6
1-5 6.0 • 6.0 5.6 5.6

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                 LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST)  TRUST FUND


                                  LUST Enforcement
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a  total  of  $278,000  supported  by  5.6  total  workyears
for 1989,  an  Increase  of $13,200  and  no  change  in  total  workyears  from  1988.
All of the  request will  be  for the  Leaking Underground  Storage  Tank Trust  Fund
(LUST) appropriation.

Program Description

     This program provides for Regional  legal enforcement  actions  taken to  support
implementation of the LUST Trust  Fund established  by  the Superfund  Amendment and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986.  The LUST  Trust Fund may  be  used to  enforce
corrective action requirements  by  owner/operators  of  leaking  underground  storage
tanks and also to conduct response  activities.


ENFORCEMENT - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a  total  of $278,000  supported  by  5.6 total workyears,
all of  which  will  be  for  the  LUST Trust  Fund  appropriation.  This  represents
an Increase of $13,200 from 1988 to support additional  workyear costs.

     The primary workload  for  Regional  legal  enforcement staff  in 1989 will  shift
from intense involvement  in  State  cooperative agreement negotiations to  a  greater
emphasis, in those  States with signed   agreements,  on   review of  State  program
accomplishments  and  on   providing  technical  assistance  for State  enforcement
activities.  Emphasis  will also be  placed  on working with  State Attorney Generals
to determine the adequacy  of State statutory and regulatory  authorities  to Imple-
ment LUST  response  programs.  Coordination  with States  and Headquarters  will  be
required  to  ensure  uniform  implementation,   particularly  regarding  Issues  of
financial viability of owner/operators, cost  recovery,  and  use  of  enforcement
actions.                                                     _


1988 Program

     In 1988 the Agency is allocating a total  of  $264,800 supported by  5.6  total
workyears for this program, all of  which 1s from the LUST Trust Fund  appropriation.

     Legal  efforts  are  concentrated  primarily  on  developing  and  negotiating
cooperative agreements with the States.   Owner/operators generally  provide the lead
in response actions for releases from leaking tanks.  States may also take response
and enforcement  actions,  governed  by the cooperative  agreements  negotiated  with
EPA.  The  Federal  program role  is limited  to conducting  responses in  those few
cases where the  release  constitutes a major public health emergency and no  State
authority or owner/operator  is  available to  respond in a  timely manner.   Regional
legal staff will pursue cost recovery where Regions have  used  the LUST Trust Fund
for response because of the emergency nature of the public health threat.
                                        L-15

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1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $77,400  supported  by  1.5  total
workyears for  this  program.   Initial efforts  focused on  assisting the States  in
understanding the  new legislation  and  in  developing and  negotiating Trust  Fund
cooperative agreements.
                                        L-16

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Management and Support

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                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                1989 Budget Estimate

                                 Table of Contents
LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS

   MANAGEMENT & SUPPORT
       Management & Support	  L-18
          Policy & Analysis - Office of Policy, Planning
            and Evaluation	  L-20
          Administrative Management - Office of Administration
            and Resources Management	.*	  L-21
          Legal Services - Office of General Counsel	,	  L-21
                                        L-17

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                                             LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE  TANK  TRUST FUND
                                                      LUST Managenent & Support
 i
t—•
oo


PROGRAM
Policy 4 Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
Adm1n1srat1ve
Management - Office of
Administration 8
Resources Management
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel
Leaking Underground
Storage Tanks Trust
TOTAL
ACTUAL
1987


$262.7
$262.7
$432.2
$432.2
$27.9
$27.9
BUDGET ENACTED CURRENT
ESTIMATE 1988 ESTIMATE
1988 1988
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)

$309.3
$309.3
$1,925.3
$1,925.3
$279.3
$279.3
REQUEST
1989


$310.0
$310.0
$1,962.0
$1,962.0
$280.0
$280.0
INCREASE +
DECREASE -
1989 VS 1988


$.7
$.7
$36.7
$36.7
$.7
$.7
               TOTAL:
               Leaking  Underground
               Storage  Tanks  Trust

               LUST Management A
               Support
TOTAL
$722.8


$722.8
                                         $2,513.9   $2,552.0     $38.1
$2,513.9   $2,552.0     $38.1

-------
                PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                               LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK TRUST FUNF)
                                                        LUST Management fc Support

                                                 ACTUAL     BUDGET     ENACTED    CURRENT    REOIIEST   INCREASE +
                                                  1987     ESTIMATE      1988    ESTIMATE     1989     DECREASE -
                                                             1988                  1988              1989 VS 1988

                                                          (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
 i
»-•
VO
Policy K Analysis -
Office of Policy,
Planning & Evaluation

Adminlsrative
Management - Office of
Administration fl
Resources Management

Legal Services - Office
of General Counsel

TOTAL PERMANENT WORKYEARS
                                                     4.0
                                                     4.4
                                                                1.0
15.0
                                                                 5.0
21.0
            1.0
15.0
            5.0
21.0
            1.0
14.0
            3.9
18.9
            l.n
15.0
            5.4
21.4
1.0
           1.5
2.5
                TOTAL WORKYEARS
                Policy & Analysis  -
                Office of  Policy,
                Planning & Evaluation

                Adminisratlve
                Management - Office  of
                Administration  &
                Resources  Management

                Legal  Services  - Office
                of  General  Counsel
                                       .2
                                     4.9
                                       .4
 1.0
15.0
 5.0
 1.0
15.0
 5.0
 1.0
15.0
 5.4
 1.0
15.0
 5.4
                 TOTAL WORKYEARS
                                      5.5
21.0
21.4
21.4
21.4

-------
                 LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND


                            LUST Management and Support
Budget Request
     The Agency  requests  a total of  $2,552,000  supported by 21.4  total  workyears
for 1989,  all  of  which will  be for the Leaking  Underground  Storage Tank  Trust
Fund appropriation.  This  represents  an  increase  of $38,100  and  no change in total
workyears.  This increase reflects additional operating costs.

Program Description

     Policy  and  Analysis - Office  of  Policy,  Planning  and  Evaluation — This
component provides the  LUST  program with  guidance  on strategic  issues,  Tncluding
establishing priority cleanup  sites,  creating  mechanisms to encourage  State par-
ticipation, establishing criteria for cleanup levels and technologies,  and program
evaluation.

     Administrative Management - Office  of  Administration  and  Resource  Manage-
ment —  This  component provides  financial  management procedures,  support  for de-
"veToping cooperative  agreements, and administrative  and  financial  services  to
support the  Leaking  Underground Storage  Tank (LUST)  program.    Support  services
such as rent, utilities and telecommunications are also provided.

     Legal Services - Office of General Counsel —  This  component  provides  legal
support for the  development  of  guidelines  and policies  for  administration  of the
LUST program and defense  of  the  Agency in legal  actions taken against the program.


POLICY AND ANALYSIS - OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION

1989 Program Request

     The Agency  requests  a total of $310,000  supported  by  1.0 total  workyears for
this program, all  of  which will  be for  the  Leaking Underground  Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation.  This  represents an  increase of $700  and  no  change  in total
workyears.  The increase will support increased operating costs.

     The Office  of Policy Analysis (OPA) will  continue work  started in  1988 on
LUST program development.  The focus will switch from the development of analytical
tools to testing and  validation  in  the  field,  with the  goal of ultimate delivery
to users.   Also,  the  Office  of Underground  Storage Tanks  will  begin  extensive
analysis of  control   strategies   for  tanks  deferred  from  the   current  technical
standards and  financial  responsibility   requirements.    OPA  will  play  an  active
role 1n the options development  and regulatory impact analysis processes as well as
conduct independent and joint studies, as necessary.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the  Agency  is  allocating a  total of  $309,300  supported by 1.0 total
workyear for this  program,  all  of  which  is from the Leaking Underground Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.

     OPA is continuing  to identify  and  analyze  major  issues associated  with the
Implementation  of  the LUST  Trust   Fund.   With  the   overall   policy  framework
established in 1987,  the  emphasis  is shifting to program  Implementation  In 1988.
                                        L-20

-------
1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated  a  total  of  $262,700  supported  by .2  total
workyears for this program,  all  of which was from the  Leaking  Underground  Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.

     OPA aided the Program Office  1n  developing  strategies  for  Trust  Fund financed
cleanups, what kinds of  incentives could be created to  encourage  States to Imple-
ment the program  more  effectively,  what the criteria  for  State  program approval
should  be,  and  the  process   for  determining  cleanup technologies and  levels.


ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT - OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total  of  $1,962,000  supported by 15.0  total  workyears
for this program,  all  of which  will be  for the Leaking Underground  Storage Tank
Trust Fund appropriation.   This represents  an  Increase  of  $36,700 from 1988  for
additional  support costs with no change in workyears.  These resources will  be used
to provide administrative  services,  such  as contract  support,  personnel  support,
and fiscal  analysis, as  well as basic  financial  services such  as  processing pay-
roll, vouchers  and  accurate  financial   reports.    Support  costs  such  as  rent,
utilities,  security, mail  operation and automated  data  processing  (ADP) technical
assistance and services for the LUST program will also be provided.


1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency is  allocating a  total  of $1,925,300  supported  by 15.0
total workyears for  this program, all   of  which  is  from the  Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund appropriation.  These resources are used to provide support
services, financial .services  and administrative  services to the LUST program.  The
Agency will emphasize  the award and monitoring of  cooperative  agreements with the
States in accordance with policies established in 1987.


1987 Accomplishments

     In 1987,  the Agency  obligated  a  total of $432,200  supported  by  4.9 total
workyears,  all of which  was  from  the Leaking Underground Storage  Tank Trust Fund
appropriation.  These  resources  provided support  services,  financial  services and
administrative services  to   the  LUST program.   The  Agency  established  financial
and administrative  structures to  provide controls  over the LUST  Trust Fund  and
began  developing  policies   and   procedures  for   cost  recovery  actions against
responsible parties.


LEGAL SERVICE - OFFICE OF GENERAL  COUNSEL

1989 Program Request

     The Agency requests  a  total of  $280,000 supported  by  5.4  total  workyears for
this program, all  of which  will be  for  the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust
Fund appropriation.  This  represents an  increase  of $700  and  no  change in total
workyears from  1988.  The  increase  will  provide, for  additional  support  costs.

     The resources will provide legal support for the development of guidelines and
polices for  administration  of the Fund, assisting the  delegation  of authority to
the States,  supporting cooperative agreements'  between  EPA and  States, providing
advice and  interpretations,  and  defense   of  the   Agency in  legal  actions taken
against 1t regarding the Trust Fund.
                                         L-21

-------
1988 Program

     In 1988, the Agency  is  allocating  a total of $279,300 supported  by  5.4 total
workyears for this program,  all  of which is  from the Leaking Underground  Storage
Tank Trust Fund appropriation.

     The request will provide  legal  support for the development of  guidelines  and
policies for  administration  of  the  fund;  assist the delegation  of  authority  to
the States;  support  cooperative  agreements between  EPA and  States; and  provide
advice, interpretations,  and  defense  of the Agency  in legal  actions  take  against
it regarding the Trust Fund.


1987 Accomplishments

     In  1987,  the  Agency  obligated  a  total   of $27,900 supported  by .4 total
workyears all of  which  was  from the Leaking  Underground  Storage Tank Trust Fund
apppropriation.  Legal   support  was provided to the  development  of  guidelines  and
policies through advice, counsel and interpretations.
                                        L-22

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SPECIAL ANALYSIS

-------
                  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                         SPECIAL ANALYSES
                         Table of Contents
                                                                Page
EPA Organization Chart...	   SA-2
EPA Regional Offices - Locations	   SA-3
Summary of Resources, By Appropriation	   SA-4
Summary of Resources, By Media	   SA-7
Object Classification - By Appropriation	   SA-12
Summary of State Grant Resources	   SA-15
History of State Grant Budget Authority (1971 - 1989)	   SA-16
Permanent Positions by Grade (Salaries and Expenses)	   SA-20
Permanent Positions by Grade (Superfund)	   SA-22
Permanent Positions by Grade (LUST Trust Fund)	   SA-24
Permanent Positions by .Grade (Reimbursable)	   SA-25
Average Grade and Salary	   SA-26
                                 SA-1

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                   U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY
                         STAFF OFFICES
                   . ADMIMSTNAT IVt UMUOOES
                   • CIVIl MIGHTS
                   • SMALL ft DISAOVANT AOCO
                    •MINUS UTILIZATION
                   . SC ItMCt ADVUOMV lOAMO
                                               ADMMtSTRATOft
                                              ADM0HCINATOM
       J_
    ASSISTANT
 ADMINOTIUTOK FOB
 ADMINISTRATION AND
MESOUMCCS MANAOIMINT
•c
   ASSISTANT
AOMmnntATcw FOM
 MFODCCMINTANO
OtNtHAL
    EL
                 AWTAMT
                   ITIUTM
                   ATM
               AWSTANT
            ABMNHtSTKATOII FOM
                                   EMNOfNCV
                                              [ASSOCIATE AOMINISTIIATCW
                                              FOU INTEMNATIONA1. ACTiymC
                                               ASSOOATE AOMINISTIIATOH
                                               FOM MOIONAL OFtMATlONS
   ASSISTANT
AOMMtSTKATOFt MM
                                                           ANOCVALUATION
                                                        Jeff,
                                                         LS
   ABUT ANT
AOHMISTII ATOM FOX
imiMALAFFAIM
                                                              IMOfV/LUMTKMl
                                                fCTO«
                                              OCNtMAL
                 ASSISTANT
             AMIINIIIIIATOOFOII
                                                                             TOWCSUWTANCn
                                           AVISTANT
                                        AOMOnSTIIATOK FO«
                                          MtHAMMANO
                                          OCVttOFMINT
                                                                                                              IRAi
                                                                                                                •ATTU
                                                   SA-2

-------
                                                     ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                                 REGIONS
                                                           Locations and States
<*>
Region I     Headquarters, Boston, Massachusetts            Region VI
             Connecticut,  Maine, Massachusetts
             New Hampshire, Rhode Island,  Vermont       •

Region II    Headquarters, New York, New York               Region VII
             New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico,
             Virgin Islands

Region III   Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
             Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland,
             Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia

Region TV    Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia                 Region IX
             Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
             Mississippi, North Carolina, South
             Carolina, Tennessee
                                                                                        Headquarters, Dallas, Texas
                                                                                        Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico
                                                                                        Oklahoma, Texas

                                                                                        Headquarters, Kansas City, Kansas
                                                                                        Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska
               Region  V      Headquarters, Chicago,  Illinois           .     Region X
                            Illinois,  Indiana, Michigan
                            Minnesota, Ohio, Hlsconsin
Region VIII   Headquarters,  Denver,  Colorado
              Colorado,  Montana, North Dakota,
              South Dakota,  Utah, Wyoming

              Headquarters,  San Francisco,  California
              Arizona, California, Hawaii,  Nevada,
              American Samoa, Guam,  Trust Territories
              of Pacific Islands, Northern Mariana
                    Islands

              Headquarters,  Seattle, Washington
              Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington

-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

      Summary of Resources

        By Appropriation
     (dollars 1n thousands)

Salaries and Expenses
Budget Authority 	 $


Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Research and Development
Budget Author 1 ty 	 $


Abatement, Control , and
Compl i ance



Buildings and Facilities
Budget Authority 	 $
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority 	 $1
Obligations 	 1
Outlays.. 	 1
Permanent Workyears 	
Total Workyears 	
Actual
1987
727,107.0
723.315.4
674,379.0
10,841.0
11.176.0
197,500.0
201,486.7
206,239.1
609.685.0
612,828.6
576,419.5
7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9
,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11.176.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 772,955.0
772,955.0
754,434.0
10,603.0
11,459.7
$ 187,600.0
187,902.0
197,981.0
$ 515,085.3
516,611.0
582,592.0
$ 6,000.0
5,880.0
7,733.0
$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11.459.7
Enacted
1988
$ 765,000.0
765.000.0
748,859.0
10,967.0
11.664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606.192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23.500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11.664.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 765,000.0
765,000.0
748,859.0
10.967.0
11,664.0
$ 186,350.0
184,771.0
195,328.0
$ 606,192.3
607,556.0
593,927.3
$ 23,500.0
26.218.0
9,995.0
$1,581,042.3
1,583,545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11.664.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
$ 800,000.0 $
800,000.0
791,500.0
10.969.0
11.668.0
$ 197,000.0 $
196,756.0
170,506.0
$ 624,000.0 $
624,192.0
631,631.0
$ 8,000.0 $
8,364.0
18,110.0
$1,629,000.0 $
1,629,312.0
'1,611,747.0
10,969.0
11.668.0
35,000.0
35,000.0
42,641.0
2.0
4.0
10.650.0
11,985.0
(24,822.0)
17,807.7
16,636.0
37,703.7
(15,500.0)
(17,854.0)
8,115.0
47,957.7
45,767.0
63,637.7
2.0
4.0

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1SI




01

Hazardous Substance
Superfund

Obi igatlons 	
Outlays 	
Permanent Workyears. . . .
Total Workyears 	
LUST Trust Fund

Obligations 	 	
Outl ay s 	
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears 	 ,
Construction Grants
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Actual
1987

. $1,411,300.0
. 1,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2,174.0

. . $ 50, 000. Ob
20,324.4
1,330.0
46 0
27.0

. . $2,361,000.0
. . 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0

.. $ 25 5
163.0

.. $ 948.0
89.0
Budget
Estimate
1988

$1,198,422.0
1,578,600.0
875,000.0
2,716.0
2,716.0

$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85 0
85.0

$2,000,000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000.0

$ 00
275.0

$ 500 0
500.0
Enacted
1988

$1,128,000.0
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,673.0

$ 14,400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80 0
85.0

$2,304,000 0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0

$ 1 007 0
275.0

$ 151 0
1.050.0
Current
Estimate
1988

$1,499,499.83
1,499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0

$ 39, 400. Ob
44,076.0
23,330.0
80.0
85.0

$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2,566,000.0

$ 1 007 0
275.0

$ 151 0
1.050.0
Request
1989

$1,600,000.0
1,700,000.0
1,205,000.0
2,219.0
2,750.0

$ 50,000.0
50,000.0
31,820.0
85 0
90.0

$1,500,000.0
2,100,000.0
2,377,500.0

$ 1 007 0
275.0

$ 00
250.0
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988

$ 100,500.2
200,500.0
427,000.0
63.0
117.0

$ 10,600.0
5,924.0
8,490.0
5.0
5.0

$ (804,000.0)
(504,000.0)
(188,500.0)

$ 00
0.0

$ (151 0)
(800.0)

-------
                                                                                                  Increase/

Revolving Fund
Obligations 	 $

M1sc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations 	 	 $

Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations 	 $
Permanent Horkyears.. ...
Total Workyears . . 	
Relmbursements-Superfund
Obligations 	 $

Actual
1987
997.0 $
(422.0)
4.0 $
23.0
25,508.0 $
60.0
65.0
13.074.0 $
Budget
Estimate
1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
10.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
56.0
62.0
52,000.0 $
Enacted
1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
45.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $
Current
Estimate
1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
45.0 $
50.0
20,000.0 $
62.0
66.0
30,000.0 $
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
1,000.0 $
(500.0)
30.0 $
10.0
20,000.0 $
58.0
62.0
30,000.0 $
0.0
0.0
(15.0)
(40.0)
0.0
(4.0)
(4.0)
0.0
TOTAL, EPA
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears 	


.. $5,364,092.0
. . 4,831,319.2
.. 4,924,924.5
13,025.0
13,442.0


$4,680,062.3
5,160,457.0
4,755,565.0
13,460.0
14,322.7


$5,027,442.3
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.5
13,265.0
-14,488 0


$5,423,942.1
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.3
13,265.0
14 448 0


$4,779,000.0
5,531,349.0
5,226,102.0
13,331.0
14 570 0


$ (664 942 1)
(251,975.0)
309,787 7
66.0
122 0


a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated for FY 1987,
   the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 1n 1987
   and to carry over $25,000,000 Into FY 1988.

-------
                                                         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION  AGENCY
                                                              Summary of Resources
                                                                    By Media
                                                             (dollars 1n thousands)
VI

A1r
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	 	 	

Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears 	
Water Quality
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	

Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears 	
Drinking Water
Budget Authority 	
Obi i gati on s 	
Outlays. 	 	
Permanent Workyears. . .
Total Workyears 	
Hazardous Waste
Budget Authority 	
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Permanent Workyears...
Total Workyears 	
Actual
1987
. . $ 247,252.9
246,521.6
250,774.1
1,676.2
1,706.9

.. $ 266,925.1
270,955.7
239,387.9
1,987.4
2,112.4

.. $ 102,660 3
102,531.5
97,284.1
679.2
691.6

.. $ 255,544.3
256,401.0
251,921.7
1,360.9
1.413.2
Budget
Estimate
1988
$ 247,163.3
246,958.8
238,619.8
1,633.9
1,765.7

$ 236,778.3
235,563.5
254,739.1
1,965.8
2,124.6

$ 114,850 1
113,661.6
114,490.2
696.6
752 7

$ 254,305 4
254,838.6
241 089 1
1,374.1
1.485.4
Enacted
1988
$ 246,278.4
244,081.8
220,690.7
1,637.4
1,747.9

$ 258,874.8
256,453.3
264,975.2
2,121.0
2,245.3

$ 108,103.3
106,984.6
95,690.0
699.7
746.1

$ 262 826 2
262,293.5
246 907 9
1,415.8
1.492.9
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 245,589.5
243,399.0
220,023.1
1,663.7
1,747.9

$ 261,005.5
258,563.0
267,156.2
2,098.5
2,245.3

$ 107,583 3
106,470.0
95,229.7
695.3
746.1

$ 259 105 1
258,580.0
243 412 2
1,386.2
1.4Q9.Q
Request
1989
$ 256,666.9
255,319.0
232,208.4
1,643.2
1,747.9

$ 265,784.6
263,301.0
272,328.3
2,101.7
2,235.3

$ 103,480.5
102,525.0
98,666.4
700.9
746.1

$ 262 427 6
261,559.0
251 030 4
1,402.9
1 AQ? Q
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988
$ 11,077.4
11,920.0
12,185.3
(20.5)
0.0

$ 4,779.1
4,738.0
5,172.1
3.2
(10.0)

$ (4,102.8)
(3,945.0)
3,436.7)
5.6
0.0

S 3 322 5
2 979 0
7 618 2
16 7
n n

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                                          Actual
                                           1987
                                           Budget
                                          Estimate
                                            1988
                      Enacted
                       1988
                       Current
                      Estimate
                         1988
                       Request
                         1989
                    Increase/
                    decrease
                   1989 Req. vs
                   Current  1988
₯
oo
             Pesticides

              Budget Authority.
              Obligations	
              Outlays	
              Permanent Workyears.
              Total Workyears	.
             Radiation

              Budget Authority.
              Obligations	
              Outlays	
              Permanent Workyears.
              Total Workyears	
Noise

 Budget Authority.
 Obligations	
 Outlays	
              Interdisciplinary

               Budget Authority.
               Obligations	
               Outlays	
               Permanent Workyears.
               Total  Workyears	
              Toxic Substances

               Budget Authority.
               Obligations	
               Outlays	
               Permanent Workyears.
               Total Workyears	
                              71,526.3
                              71,278.0
                              69,183.1

                                 789.0
                                 796.9
                              15,561.3
                              15,413.2
                              18,200.5

                                 162.9
                                 177.3
 0.0
 0.0
50.1
                              55,642.5
                              56,187.5
                              61,122.5

                                 553:7
                                 583.5
                              138,787.5
                              135,520.7
                              127,369.5

                                 809.3
                                 815.8
         75,846.9
         75,592.3
         76,403.7

            757.1
            818.2
          14,046.7
          13,884.5
          17,511.4

             153.7
             166.7
  0.0
  0.0
223.7
          84,309.2
          84,026.2
          76,802.7

              777.6
              831.7
           18,148.9
           17,939.3
           15,591.6

              168.9
              183.2
  0.0
  0,0
227.7
56,776.6 $
56,482.9
61,209.7
556.7
602.2
60,699.3
60,385.3
60,288.2
573.6
623.5
          86,096.2
          90,459.9
         119,591.9

             777.2
             839.6
          130,444.1
          137,055.5
          151,367.1

              820.3
              873.6
        $  84,231.8
           83,949.0
           76,732.2

              805.5
              831.7
137,420.0
136,531.0
115,605.0
782.1
831.7
$ 53,188.2
52,582.0
38,872.8
(23.4)
0.0
$ 20,438.1
20,247.0
17,558.2
174.4
183.2
$ 20,799.9
20,607.0
18,960.8
172.2
183.2
  0.0
  0.0
227.7
  0.0
  0.0
148.6
$ 61,668.0
61,349.0
61,250.3
587.8
623.5
$ 69,825.4
69,476.0
61,890.5
585.7
623.5
         $ 130,225.7
           136,826.0
           151,113.7

               845.6
               873.6
           95,007.6
          101,633.0
          131,748.8

              821.6
              873.6
                                           361.8
                                           360.0
                                         1,402.6

                                            (2.2)
                                             0.0)
  0.0
  0.0
(79.1)
                                                                    8,157.4
                                                                    8,127.0
                                                                      640.2

                                                                       (2.1)
                                                                        0.0
        $ (35,218.1)
          (35,193.0)
          (19,364.9)

              (24.0)
                0.0

-------

Energy

Obligations 	
Outlays 	

Total Horkyears 	
Management and Support

Obi Igatlons 	
Outlays 	

Total Workyears 	
Buildings and Facilities




SUBTOTAL, OPERATING PROGRAMS
Budget Authority 	 $1
Obligations 	 1
Outlays 	 1


Hazardous Substance
Superfund
Budget Authority 	 $1
Obligations 	 1



Actual
1987

58,157.3
62,636.1
55,652.7
78.0
84.1

322,234.5
320,185.4
286,091.4
2,744.4
2,794.3

7,500.0
13,261.7
5,059.9


,541,792.0
,550,892.4
,462,097.5
10,841.0
11,176.0

,411,300.0
,050,748.9
541,305.0
2,078.0
2.174.0
Budget
Estimate
1988

$ 55,718.8
55,967.9
58,538.5
76.3
82.6

$ 334,058.0
334,058.0
352,589.9
2,611.6
2,822.0

$ 6,000.0
5,880.0
7,733.0


$1,481,640.3
1,483,348.0
1,542,740.0
10,603.0
11,459.7

$1,198,422.0
1,578,600.0
875,000.0
2,716.0
2.716.0
Enacted
1988

$ 55,783.1
56,032.5
55,560.5
79.0
80.6

$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,673.7
2,839.2

$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0


$1.581,042.3
1,583.545.0
1,548,109.3
10,967.0
11,664.0

$1.128,000.0
1,499.500.0
778,000.0
2,156^0
2,673.0
Current
Estimate
1988

$ 55,620.3
55,869.0
55,398.3
79.0
80.6

$ 332,075.0
332,075.0
350,012.7
2,631.0
2,839.2

$ 23,500.0
26,218.0
9,995.0


$1,581,042.3
1.583,545.0
1,548.109.3
10,967.0
11.664.0

$l,499.499.8a
1.499,500.0
778,000.0
2,156.0
2,633.0
Request
1989 <

$ 55,457.5
55.867.0
51.289.9
74.6
79.1

$ 354.130.0
354.130.0
359,759.9
2.684.1
2,854.7

$ 8.000.0
8,364.0
18,110.0


$1.629,000.0
1,629,312.0
1,611,747.0
10,969.0
11,668.0

$1,600,000.0*-
1.700.000.0
1.205,000.0
2,219.0
2,750.0
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988

$ (162.8)
(2.0)
(4.108.4) .
(4.4)
(1.5)

$ 22.055.0
22.055.0
9,747.2
53.1
15.5

$(15,500.0)
(17.854.0
8,115.0


$ 47,957.7
45,767.0
63,637.7
2.0
4.0

$100,500.2
200.500.0
427,000.0
63.0
117.0

-------


LUST Trust Fund
Eudget Authority 	


Permanent Horkyears. . .
Total Horkyears 	
Construction Grants
fludget Authority 	
Obi Igatlons 	
Outlays 	
Scientific Activities
Overseas
Obi 1 gatlons 	 	
Outlays 	
Operations, Research
and Facilities
Obligations 	 ,
Outlays 	
Revolving Fund
Obligations 	
Outlays 	 ,
M1sc. Contrlb. Funds
Obligations 	
Outlays 	
Actual
1987

.. $ 50,000.0b
20,324.4
1,330.0
46.0
27.0

.. $2,361.000.0
.. 2,168,797.0
.. 2,920,339.0

,.. $ 25.5
163.0

. .. $ 948.0
89.0

. .. $ 997.0
..; (422.0)

.. . $ 40
23.0
Budget
Estimate
1988

$ 0.0
25,000.0
17,500.0
85.0
85.0

$2,000.000.0
1,999,999.0
2,320,000.0

$ 0.0
275.0

$ 500.0
500.0

$ 1,000 0
(500.0)

$ ion
50.0
Enacted
1988

$ 14.400.0
44,076.0
23,330.2
80.0
85.0

$2,304,000.0
2,604,000.0
2.566.800.0

$ 1,007.0
275.0

$ 151.0
1,050.0

$ 1 000 0
(500 0)

« AR o
50.0
Current
Estimate
1988

$ 39.400.0D
44,076.0
23.330.0
80.6
85.0

$2.304,000.0
2.604.000.0
2.566.000.0

$ 1.007.0
275.0

$ 151.0
1.050.0

$ 1 000 0
(500 0)

$AC n
so n
Request
1989

$ 50.000.0
50.000.0
31.820.0
85.0
90.0

$1,500.000.0
2.100.000.0
2,377.500.0

$ 1,007.0
275.0

$ 0.0
250.0

t i nnn 0
(500 0)

$in n
JU.U
in n
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988

$ 10,600.0
5,924.0
8,490.0
5.0
5.0

$ (804,000.0)
(504.000.0)
(188,500.0)

$ 0.0
0.0

$ (151 0)
(800 0)

$0 n
0 0

$1 1 C f\\
llD.U)
/An (\\

-------

Reimbursements - S&E
Obligations 	

Total Workyears 	
Reimbursements-Superfund
Obligations 	

TOTAL, EPA
Budget Author i ty 	
Obi 1 gati on s 	
Outlays 	
Permanent Workyears. ... .
Total Workyears 	


Actual
1987

$ 25,508.0
60.0
65.0
$ 13,074.0


$5,364,092.0
4,831,319.2
4,924,924.5
13,025.0
13,442.0


Budget
Estimate
1988

$ 20,000.0
56.0
62.0
$ 52,000.0


$4,680,062.3
5,160,457.0
4,755,565.0
13,460.0
14,322.7


Enacted
1988

$ 20,000.0
62.0
66.0
$ 30,000.0


$5,027,442.3
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.5
13,265.0
14,488.0


Current
Estimate
1938

$ 20,000.0
62.0
66.0
$ 30,000.0


$5,423,942.1
5,783,324.0
4,916,314.3
13,265.0
14,448.0


Request
1989

$ 20,000.0
58.0
62.0
$ 30,000.0


$4,779,000.0
5,531,349.0
5,226,102.0
13,331.0
14,570.0


Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988

$ 0.0
(4.0)
(4.0)
$ 0.0


$(664,942.1)
(251,975.0)
309,787.7)
66.0
122.0


a/ Includes planned prior year funds.
b/ Of the $50,000,000 appropriated in  FY  1987,
   the Agency planned to obligate $25,000,000 in  FY  1987
   and to carry over $25,000,000 into  FY  1988.

-------
                                                     ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  AGENCY
i-«
r\>
                                                        Object Classification

                                                          Direct Obligations

                                                           By Appropriation
                                                        (dollars in thousands)
Salaries and Expenses

Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons 	
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities,
24.0 Printing and reproduction
25.0 Other services 	
26.0 Supplies and materials...
31.0 Equipment 	

41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 	
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
indemnities 	
subtotal, other objects...
Research and Development
25.0 Other services 	
31.0 Equipment 	
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 	
Total obligations 	
Actual
1987
$ 468.325.0 $
19,059.0
2,093.0
36,159.0
6,455.0
34,593.0
5,078.0
78,772.0
14,848.0
53,889.0
221.0
3,749.0
74.0
254,990.0
"723,315.0
$ 130,681.0 $
0.0
70,806.0
201.487.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
513,647.0 $
21,252.0
2,114.0
44,545.0
8,218.0
38,106.0
5,798.0
108,892.0
11,793.0
17,005.0
0.0
1,585.0
0.0
259,308.0
772,955.0
107,660.0 $
0.0
80,242.0
187.902.0
Enacted
1988
484,175.0
21,691.0
2,098.0
43,413.0
7,389.0
41,566.0
6,011.0
105,918.0
16,933.0
33,764.0
0.0
2,042.0
0.0
280,825.0
765,000.0
109,060.0
1,960.0
73,751.0
184.771.0
Current
Estimate
1988
$ 476,175.0 $
21,691.0
2,098.0
43,413.0
7,389.0
41,566.0
6,011.0
105,918.0
16,933.0
41,764.0
0.0
2,042.0
0.0
288,825.0
765,000.0
$ 109,060.0 $
1.960.0
73,751.0
184.771.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
485,678.0 $
23,218.0
2.069.0
46,930.0
7,988.0
44,932.0
6,129.0
126,747.0
18,204.0
35.450.0
0.0
2,655.0
0.0
314,322.0
800.000.0
115.133.0 $
0.0
81.623.0
196.756.0
9,503.0
1,527.0
(29.0)
3,517.0
599.0
0.0
3.366.0
118.0
20,829.0
1,271.0
(6,314.0)
0.0
0.0
613.0
0.0
0.0
25,497.0
35,000.0
6,073.0
(1.960.0)
7,872.0
11.985.0

-------

Abatement, Control, and
Compliance
21.0 Travel and transportation
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.3 Communications, utilities,
24.0 Printing and reproduction
26.0 Supplies and materials...
33.0 Investments and loans....
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and


Buildings and Facilities
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons 	

26.0 Supplies and materials...
32.0 Land and structures 	

Total obligations 	
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Personnel Servl ces 	 	 	
Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
portation of persons 	
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities,
and misc. charges 	
Actual
1987

$ 306.0
9.0
23.0
136.0
232,874.0
27.0
132.0
28,325.0
350,997.0

612,829.0

$ 49.0
3,878.0
7.0
19.0
9,309.0

13,262.0

$ 92,293.0
8,497.0
594.0
7,484.0
1,411.0
5.616.0
Budget
Estimate
1988

$ 266.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
218,147.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
298,198.0

516,611.0

$ 98.0
5,390.0
0.0
0.0
392.0

5,880.0

$ 113,238.0
9,278.0
633.0
7,695.0
3.106.0
3.640.0
Enacted
1988

$ 260.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
247.727.0
0.0
1,960.0
16.950.0
340,659.0

607,556.0

$ 98.0
5,390.0
0.0
0.0
20,730.0

26,218.0

$ 109,893.0
9,182.0
713.0
9.792.0
1.847.0
7.128.0
Current
Estimate
1988

$ 260.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
247,727.0
0.0
1,960.0
16,950.0
340,659.0

607,556.0

$ 98.0
5,390.0
0.0
0.0
20,730.0

26,218.0

$ 109,893.0
9,182.0
713.0
9,792.0
1,847.0
7.128.0
Request
' 1989

$ 258.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
318.665.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
305.269.0

624,192.0

$ 100.0
7,438.0
0.0
0.0
826.0

8.364.0

$ 109,999.0
10,000.0
845.0
14,432.0
2,732.0
10.254.0
Increase/
decrease
1989 Req. vs
Current 1988

$ (2.0)
0.0
0.0
0.0
70,938.0
0.0
(1,960.0)
(16,950.0)
(35,390.0)

16,636.0

$ 2.0
2,048.0
0.0
0.0
(19,904.0)

(17,854.0)

$ 106.0
818.0
132.0
4,640.0
885.0
J, 126.0

-------
24.0 Printing and reproduction
26.0 Supplies and materials...

41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
42.0 Insurance, claims, and
subtotal, other objects...
LUST Trust Fund .

Other objects:
21.0 Travel and trans-
22.0 Transportation of things.
23.1 Rental payments to GSA...
23.2 Rental payments to others
23.3 Communications, utilities.
24.0 Printing and reproduction
26*0 Supplies and materials...
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions 	 	
subtotal, other objects...
Total obligations 	
Actual
1987
842.0
733,948.0
2,753.0
21.180.0
2.0
176,120.0
9.0
958,456.0
1,050,749.0
$ 1,096.0
108.0
18.0
1.0
0.0
7.0
4.0
3.128.0
25.0
214.0
15,723.0
19,228.0
20.324.0
Budget
Estimate
1988
1,029.0
1,118,471.0
4,488.0
11,104.0
14.0
305,904.0
0.0
1.465.362.0
1,578,600.0
$ 3,331.0
183.0
0.0
392.0
92.0
323.0
40.0
4.530.0
70.0
104.0
15,935.0
21,669.0
25,000.0
Enacted
1988
1,271.0
1,144,875.0
3,502.0
17,498.0
0.0
193,796.0
3.0
1.389.607.0
1,499.500.0
$ 3,557.0
183.0
17.0
273.0
64.0
225.0
23.0
4,831.0
61.0
266.0
34.576.0
40,519.0
44.076.0
Current
Estimate
1988
1.271.0
1,144,875.0
3,502.0
17,498.0
0.0
193,796.0
3.0
1,389,607.0
1,499.500.0
$ 3.557.0
183.0
17.0
273.0
64.0
225.0
23.0
4.831.0
61.0
266.0
34.576.0
40.519.0
44.076.0
Increase/
decrease
Request 1989 Req. vs
1989 Current 1988
1,566.0
1,307,395.0
4,276.0
19,323.0
0.0
219,178.0
0.0
1.590.001.0
1,700,000.0
$ 3,500.0 $
197.0
14.0
356.0
83.0
293.0
18.0
4,732.0
55.0
252.0
40.500.0
46,500.0
50,000.0
295.0
162,520.0
774.0
1,825.0
0.0
25.382.0
(3.0)
200.394.0
200.500.0
(57.0)
14.0
(3.0)
83.0
19.0
68.0
(5.0)
(99.0)
(6.0)
(14.0)
5,924.0
5.981.0
5.924.0

-------
 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Summary of State Grant Resources

AIR
Section 105 	 ,
HATER QUALITY
Section 106 	 	 	 ,

DRINKING HATER
Public Hater Systems
Underground Injection
Special Studies & Demos 	
HAZARDOUS HASTE
Hazardous Haste Management 	 ,
Hazardous Haste Initiative 	 ,

PESTICIDES

Pesticides Cert. & Training....,
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Toxics Enf. Grants 	 ,
SUBTOTAL 	 ,
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS 	 ,
TOTAL 	
(in thousands
ACTUAL
1987

$94,570.1
75,865.5
71,100.1
4,765.4
45,747.6
33,391.0
9,756.6
2,600.0
71,031.3
62,919.5
1,208.7
6,903.1
11,107.1
8,624.2
2,482.9

2,241.7
$300,563.3
2,168,796.5 2
.... $2.469.359.8 $2
of dollars)
CURRENT
ESTIMATE
1988

$92,603.4
60.850.0
60,850.0

47.950.0
33,450.0
11,500.0
3,000.0
71,391.0
64,812.0

6,579.0
12,703.4
8,703.4
4,000.0

2,200.0
$287,697.8
,304,000.0
.591.697.8
ESTIMATE
1989

$95,000.0
62.100.0
62,100.0

42,950.0
33,450.0
9,500.0

75.000.0
66,000.0

9,000.0
12,703.4
8,703.4
4,000.0

2,200.0
$289,953.4
1,500,000.0
$1.789.953.4
INCREASE*
DECREASE-
1989 VS 1988

+$2,396.6
+1.250.0
+1,250.0

-5.000.0

-2,000.0
-3,000.0
+3.609.0
+1,188.0

+2,421.0

.«•
««

	 .
+2,255.6
-804,000.0
-$801.744.4

-------
                                          ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                      History of State Grant Budget Authority
                                               Part I:  1971 - 1975
                                             (in thousands of dollars)
                                   1971            1972        '    1973            1974            1975
AIR	  $30.200
   Section 105	   30,200
   Section 175	

MATER QUALITY	   10.000
   Section 106	   10.000
   Section 208	
   Clean Lakes	
DRINKING WATER.
   Public Water 'Systems	      ...
   Underground Injection	
   Special Studies & Demos	      ...             ...

HAZARDOUS WASTE	    1,629           2.545           3.250
   Hazardous Waste Management..
   Solid Waste Management	    1,629           2.545           3.250
   Resource Recovery	
   Hazardous Waste Initiative..
,   Hazardous Waste Compliance..      ...
   Underground Storage Tanks...      ...             ...
$42,900
42,900

15,000
15,000
...
...
$50.000
50,000
* • •
70,000
20.000
50,000 11
• • •
$50,000
50,000
• • •
150,000
50,000
100,000 11
• • •
$55,268
55,268
...
199,625
45,625
150,000 11
4,000
PESTICIDES.
   Pesticides Enf. Grants	      ...
   Pesticides Cert. & Training.      ...             ...             ...              *               *
TOXIC SUBSTANCES	      ...             ...             ...             ...             ...
   Toxic Enf. Grants	

           TOTAL	  $41,829         $60.445        $123.250        $200.000        $254.893

I/ CONTRACT AUTHORITY

*Pest1cides certification and training data for these years 1s unavailable.

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                                               ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                           History of State Grant Budget Authority
                                                    Part II: 1976 - 1980
                                                  (In thousands of dollars)
                                        1976            1977            1978             1979           1980
     AIR  	  $51.518         $55.550         $66.135        $130.025         $82.800
        Section 105	   51,518          55,550          66,135          80,025          82,800
        Section 175	      ...             ...             ...          50,000

     WATER QUALITY		  112.375          80.000         128.110         108.003         101.230
        Section 106	   44.375          50,000          52,400          52,400          48,730
        Section 208	   53,000          15,000          59,509          41,028          37,500
        Clean Lakes	   15,000          15,000          16,201          14,575          15,000

     DRINKING WATER....	   10.000          20.000          27.110          36.270          34.745
        Public Water Systems	    7,500          15,000          20,500          26,400          29,450
        Underground Injection	    2,500           5,000           6,000           7,600           4,395
        Special Studies & Demos	      ...             ...             610           2,270             900

>    HAZARDOUS WASTE.	    1.800           2.925          14.304          44.886          38.600
»r       Haz. Waste Management	     ...             ...             ...          15,018          18,600
        Solid Waste Management	    1,800           2.925          14,304          15,150          10,000
        Resource Recovery	      ...             ...             ...          14,718          10,000
        Hazardous Waste Initiative...
        Hazardous Waste Compliance...
        Underground Storage Tanks....      ...             ...

     PESTICIDES..		._^           1.000           7.280          13.052          12.393
        Pesticides Enf. Grants	      ...           1,000           5,000           9,538           8,750
        Pesticides Cert. & Training..        *               *           2,280           3,514           3,643
     TOXIC SUBSTANCES.
        Toxic Enf. Grants	       ...              ...              ...

             TOTAL	 $175.693        $159.475       ,$242.939        $332.236        $269.768

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                                                ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION  AGENCY

                                                                   3udge
                                                                   "^"15
History of State Grant Budget Authority
         Part III: 1981 - 1985
       (1n thousands of dollars)
                                         1981            1982            1983              1984             1985
      AIR	    $87.673         $87.735          $85.050          $87.684          $90.937
         Section 105	     87,673          87,735          $85,050           87,684           90,937
         Section 175	        ...             ...              ...              •••              ...

      WATER QUALITY 	     95.696          60.200           57.200           59.259           66.299
         Section 106	     51,223          51,200           54,200           54,259           61,299
         Section 208	     33,473
         Clean Lakes	     11,000           9,000            3,000            5,000            5,000

      DRINKING WATER	     37.598          37.848           36.425           36.850           39.050
         Public Water Systems	     29,450          29,450           27,450           27,450           28,450
         Underground Injection	      6,648           6,575            7,075            7,500            8,500
         Special Studies & Demos	      1,500           1,823            1,900            1,900            2,100

2     HAZARDOUS WASTE	     38.570          41.700           44.068           46.850           57.145
T        Hazardous Waste Management.     26,487          41,700           44,068           46,850           46,970
oo        Solid Waste Management	      8,083
         Resource .Recovery	      4,000          ....
         Hazardous Waste Initiative.        ...             ...              ...              ...            5,175
         Hazardous Waste Compliance.        ...             ...              ...              ...            5,000
         Underground Storage Tanks..

      PESTICIDES	     10.972          11.202           10.718           10.860           12.321
         Pesticides Enf. Grants	      8,020           8,632            8,718            8,703            9,717
         Pesticides Cert. & Training      2,952           2,570            2,000            2,157            2,604

      TOXIC SUBSTANCES	      1.000             500         	.^             500            1.500
         Toxic Enf. Grants	      HIM             SOU              ...              SOU            T75W

               TOTAL	   $271.509        $239.185         $233.461         $242.003         $267.252

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                                                 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                             History of State Grant Budget Authority
                                                      Part IV:  1986 - 1989
                                                    (In thousands of dollars)
                                          1986
  1987
  1988
 Current
 Estimate
   1989
 Estimate
       AIR                               $95.657
          Section 105	   95.657
          Section 175	

       HATER QUALITY	   66.889
          Section 106	   62,104
          Section 208	
          Clean Lakes	    4.785

       DRINKING HATER	   39.169
          Public Mater Systems	   28,219
>         Underground Injection	    8,701
tl.         Special Studies & Demos	    2,249
»o
       HAZARDOUS HASTE	   66.751
          Haz. Haste Management........   55,506
          Solid Haste Management	
          Resource Recovery	
          Hazardous Haste Initiative...    4,546
          Hazardous Haste Compliance...
          Underground Storage Tanks....    6,699

       PESTICIDES	   11.806
          Pesticides Enf. Grants	    9,304
          Pesticides Cert. & Training..    2,502

       TOXIC SUBSTANCES	    2.261
          Toxic Enf. Grants	    2,261

                  TOTAL	 $282.533
 $94.570
  94,570
  75.865
  71,100

   4,765

  45.748
  33,391
   9,757
   2,600
  71.031
  62,919
   1,209

   6,903

  11.107
   8,624
   2,483

   2.242
   2721?

$300.563
 $92.603
  92,603
  60.850
  60,850
  47.950
  33,450
  11,500
   3,000

  71.391
  64,812
   6,579

  12.703
   8,703
   4,000

   2.200
   2*721)0*

$287.697
 $95.000
  95,000
  62.100
  62.100
  42.950
  33,450
   9,500
  75.000
  66,000
     • » •
     • • •
     • • •

   9,666

  12.703
   8,703
   4,000

   2.200
   272*00*

$289.953

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                                                     ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                       Permanent Positions By Grade

                                                          SALARIES AND EXPENSES
ro
o
Grades

Executive Level II..
Executive Level III.
Executive Level IV..
Executive Level V...

          Subtotal..

ES-6	
ES-5	
ES-4	
ES-3	
ES-2	
ES-1	

          Subtotal..

GS-17...	
GS-16	
GS/GM-15	
GS/GM-14	
GS/GM-13	
GS-12	
GS-11	
GS-10	
GS-9	
GS-8	
GS-7	
GS-6	
GS-5	
GS-4	
GS-3	
GS-2	
GS-1	

          Subtotal..
                                                                             Actual
                                                                              1987

                                                                                 1
                                                                                 1
                                                                                 9
                                                                                 1
                                                                                12

                                                                                 3
                                                                                33
                                                                                84
                                                                                69
                                                                                13
                                                                                 9
                                                                               211
                                                                                11
                                                                               598
                                                                             1,298
                                                                             1,910
                                                                             1,938
                                                                             1,051
                                                                                70
                                                                               814
                                                                               187
                                                                               904
                                                                               506
                                                                               677
                                                                               298
                                                                                73
                                                                                 9
Current
Estimate
  1988

     1
     1
    10
     1
    13

     4
    36
    92
    76
    14
    10
   232

     1
    11
   618
 1,333
 1,974
 2,007
 1,088
    72
   843
   194
   936
   524
   701
   309
    76
Estimate
  1989

     1
     1
    10
     1
    13

     4
    36
    92
    76
    14
    10
   232

     2
    11
   618
 1,331
 1,977
 2,003
 1,087
    72
   840
   191
   934
   523
   701
   309
    76
     9
                                                                            10,344
10,696
10,684

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CO

ro
                                                                                                  Current
                                                                                    Actual        Estimate        Estimate
                  Grades                                                             1987           1988            1989

                  Positions established by act of July 1, 1974 (42 U.S.C 207):
                    Director grade 06, $31,907 to $55,120	        61             62              62
                    Senior grade 05, $25,517 to $44,971	...       101            102             102
                    Full grade 04, $21,510 to $37,606	        41             45              45
                    Assistant grade 03, $19,991 to $32,531..	         7	8	8

                            Subtotal	       210            217             217

                  Positions established by. .act of November 16, 1977 (42 U.S.C.
                    201) compensation' for which Is not to exceed the maximum         " '
                    rate payable .for a 6S-18	        19              9               9

                  Ungraded	............			        56             58              58
                  TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS	.......,,..,,	    10,841'        11,225          11,213

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                                   ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY

                                      Permanent Positions By Grade

                               HAZARDOUS  SUBSTANCE  RESPONSE TRUST FUND
Grades
ES-5
ES-4
ES-3
ES-2
ES-1
          Subtotal
GS/GM-15
GS/GM-14
GS/GM-13.
GS-12
GS-11
GS-10
GS-9
GS-8
GS-7.
            ..,.
Gs-6....:v..r.
GS-5
GS-4 ..... ........
GS-3
GS-2 ...... ....
              q., n:i"  .•.r-'y,)
              '  iM',>jt; r»

Actual
1987
2
4
5
2
• • •
13
57
157
339
501
300
1
185
9
167
65
139
92
26
7
Current
Estimate
1988
2
5
5
5
3
20
69
188
416
615
368
1
227
11
205
'.' f ' ' ' 80
171
113
32
9

Estimate
1989
2
5
5
5
3
20
72
194
427
631
378
1
233
11
210
82
175
116
33
9
                                                                   2'045          2'505          2'572

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                                                                                Current
                                                                  Actual         Estimate        Estimate
Grades                                                             1987           1988            1989

Positions established by act of July 1,  1974 (42 U.S.C.  207):
  Director grade 06, $31,907 to $55,120 ......................          7              7               7
  Senior grade 05, $25,517 to $44,971 ........................          788
  Full grade 04, $21,510 to $37,606.. ........................          356
  Senior assistant grade 03, $19,991 to $32,531 ..............          3 _ 4 _ S

          Subtotal ........ .... ...............................         20             24              26
          '.r;u
TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS .......................... ......... .      2,078          2,549           2,618

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t/1
ro
                                                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                                          Permanent Positions By Grade
Grades
ES-5 	
ES-4 	 	 	
ES-3 	
ES-2 	
ES-1 	
Subtotal 	
GS/GM-15 	
GS/GM-14 	
GS/GM-13 	 	
GS-12 	
GS-11 	
GS-9 	
GS-7 	
GS-6 	 	 "...
GS-5...i 	
GS-4 	
GS-3 	
GS-2 	
Subtotal 	

LEAKING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK (LUST) TRUST FUND
Actual
1987


	 	 	 	 i


	 	 	 , 	 1
	 	 	 i
	 6
	 	 4
	 13
	 5
	 3
	 	 5
	 1
	 	 	 4
	 3


t 	 	 „ 	 45

Current
Estimate
1988

1
1


2
2
8
8
22
g
6
9
2
7
6


79

Estimate
1989

1
1


2
2
9
9
21
11
7
10
2
7
6


84

                    TOTAL PERMANENT POSITIONS
-46
81
86
                                                  .'4. 'iHj>"r;  i.
                                                                                                                            • -ii

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                                                           ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                             Permanent Positions By Grade

                                                                     REIMBURSABLES

                                                                (SALARIES AND EXPENSES)
                                •j(|( q ijO^'i fj MI i,r"
                                                                                                            Current
                          VACi.oiJc  i;;.\iju :•••>) -»'\ • •'	  f i;  ., .                  ;; ,Actual         -Estimate         Estimate
                     Grades    "''•  i^u;;; r* -.M /•	     ,'.•'• \                     "  1987           ' 1988             1989
                          '."":-.j<*  t.?  2*1 !'••>•	'    \:;'s-',^-
                     GS/GM-15.V^;X,v.Y*.Jw>*	"         3               3                 3
                     GS/GM-14	         ...               1                 1
                     GS/GM-13	           7    ~   -    --7                 7
                     uw*Xb • * V'« *vU * i* i • •••!•£ «ji:i'/'« ••*••*••••*••••• f- • «j * »'»j f* •••••••••••••••    ",-.'/     X i.       -t f  - >  11                XX
                     uO""X X • i^j i^^ '•-• ^•'•^•j »J^ rf • *}4-* •••••••••••••••*••••••*••••••••••••••••           D               0                 0
                     GS-1Q/-;-:vW'......V.;....•.-ii.-.-....-.-.•.-...•..-......^.•,...	*«.          3        ,.y,.( ,3                 3
                     GS-9i!ii'.'.^i';.4;;.-.,,-.tisi)4:.-.-...•.•.•.•.....-.i...'..4,.-.,.'	'-..,-;'      8        '  -.,.,-j 8                 8
                     GS-8.......j»v^t-*'	           5          ''' 5                 5
                     GS-7	           333
                     f*QC-.*i""->Jl?i*j*"!'    ••ji(i'*^*-»*                 --                           O               O                 O
                     Uw""D «•••"•*•'•••••••*• •f*'4* •*•••*••••• ••••••••••••^ i* •••••••••••••*/. ' •* ,' -*i'|     *        ^*fl*'f*j''
V)                   bW"*D i' ft' i •*•'••»'• »ib'M* *•••»•*•••••••••••••••••••* •^••^••••••••••••••«     ;	m m •	7_; L' -j X	X

K                     11--;r !(*=: Subtotal...'.;-- '•:,;    »       »i^-.J»               •»
                     Ungraded.	*. t-;>.\... ..-.•.•.-..•..•.•.. .vv.1..*;,^ • •	;.%   i;.      1	: ^'^^l	L
                                         :-'ll^v 	      Jl.i'\      .           Tfj- \                 •;•-.-'
                     TOTAL  PERMANENT  POSITIONS..v..v.-.-.-.........'..;	>.,1r)n    60            .62                62

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„,
                                                      ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                                          Average Grade and Salary
Appropriation/Pay Plan
Salaries and Expenses


Average Salary of
Superfund fH c. ]\i\t fn .•:':.\'fOC


Leaking Underground Storage* Tank
~i' Average" GS/GM* Grade: ::::'. 	 :
Average GS/GM Salary. :: . :• 	


. Relmbursables ' 	
^ ... ,j Average* GS/GM' Grade: '. . -. -. '. -. -. •..•..
T (Average GS/GM Sal ary. •. -. ". -. . . : •. . .

> AVer dye odldrjr Ul
- . .
1 • . J j
i TflTAI , -ItTflU^Y •4-VTD-4CC 	 	 ... . -
IUI nU! nbtNl 1 fltLKTVUt
• leverage GS/GM Grade 	
Average GS/GM Sal ary 	
Average Salary of
Ungraded Positions 	
1987
Actual s
...-•$70,383
10.7
• > tip -nflfi . . . .
. . • 4>JC,UOO
.-.. • $12,178 	

\.i --$69 532 •
...U --10.-4 	
... $29 560v ',-r

... $71,130
::: 10;3- •••
... $30,443 •


..-.- 10-.6 	
•.•.•.-•$30-,124-

.-."•'• $11;535- ••'•'•



... $70,337
10.7
... $31,659
... $12.166
1988
Current
Estimate
• '..-$71,439
10.7
...... .f-f? "ifi?"
• ..$12,361
•$70,575
•'••• 	 10.4
r, (; <,()N) $30,003
$72,197
	 10.3
	 $30,900

..10.6
- 	 $30,576
	 $11,708


$71,382
10.7
$32,132,
$12.348
1989
President's
Budget
.... 572,510
10.7
' 	 V" ' $33,056 T 	 --
u «2.54^
, $71,634;
10.4
$30,453',
' : 20
$73,286
••-• 	 1073 , fc 	
< $31,363;
3 -t
*; 10.6
^ $31, 035 .
t • (••
\\ «1.884n-
' $72,463
" J tl9 Kri:'
•'•filOj '^PlWjj'C
$i2?534'1
                                                                                                                      f|
                                                                                                                       ,
                                                                                                                       '.
                                                                                                                       ,

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